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The effectiveness of the training and visit (T&V) extension method in reversing typical biases of the previous conventional system of extension services in Kenya was investigated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The study provided empirical evidence supporting reduction in biases against small-scale, young and uneducated farmers and remote areas. On the other hand, the bias against marginal production environments and women continued under the T&V system, though at lower rates...

Abstract The present study characterizes the effluents of the ‘Maroc Phosphore’ factories III and IV (of Jorf Lasfar coastal zone). The results show that the effluent (Cs/l) is very acid, very phosphate-rich, high in suspended matter and calcium-rich. Hydrological parameters indicate an important content of phosphates, especially in the stations located in the South of Cs/l. Tissues of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Jorf Lasfar zone present high concentrations of Cd and Cu.

One hundred and fifty rural South African children, newly enrolled in Grade 2 in 1994, were retraced in 1998 when they were scheduled to have entered Grade 7. Only 39% of the cohort had progressed smoothly to Grade 7; more than a third (36%) had left their original primary school, and 25% had been retained at least once.The present study investigated factors that were measurable at the start of Grade 2 which proved useful in predicting subsequent retention.Details of children's academic...

We investigated Tanzanian primary school students’ action-control beliefs about school performance using the revised Control, Agency, and Means-Ends Interview (CAMI) and school experiences controlling for the effects of parental educational level, gender, and age. Five hundred forty-five students (254 boys and 291 girls) in grades 3 through 7 from both urban and rural schools responded to the CAMI questionnaire in Swahili. A structural equation model validated the dimensions of...

Abstract The enhanced greenhouse gas effect is expected to cause high temperature increases globally (1 to 3.5 degrees Celsius), and this will lead to an increase in precipitation in some regions while other regions will experience reduced precipitation. Therefore, countries are engaged in the exercise of evaluating the impact of expected climate change on water resources using General Circulation Models (GCM) and hydrologic models. The WatBall model has been found appropriate for the...

African students studying abroad have to adapt to a new cultural environment in addition to the usual stresses of school. This article uses social network theory to analyse findings about perceptions of the role played by social network members in the adjustment of 29 African students to British society. The findings come from a study that the author undertook to explore students' perceptions of adjustment problems and concerns they experienced, as well as the role played by social networks....

Intestinal helminths - including hookworm roundworm schistosomiasis and whipworm - infect more than one-quarter of the worlds population. A randomized evaluation of a project in Kenya suggests that school-based mass treatment with deworming drugs reduced school absenteeism in treatment schools by one quarter gains are especially large among the youngest children. Deworming is found to be cheaper than alternative ways of boosting school participation. By reducing disease transmission...

Intestinal helminths - including hookworm, roundworm, schistosomiasis, and whipworm - infect more than one-quarter of the world's population. A randomized evaluation of a project in Kenya suggests that school-based mass treatment with deworming drugs reduced school absenteeism in treatment schools by one quarter; gains are especially large among the youngest children. Deworming is found to be cheaper than alternative ways of boosting school participation. By reducing disease transmission,...

Intestinal helminths - including hookworm, roundworm, schistosomiasis, and whipworm - infect more than one-quarter of the world's population. A randomized evaluation of a project in Kenya suggests that school-based mass treatment with deworming drugs reduced school absenteeism in treatment schools by one quarter; gains are especially large among the youngest children. Deworming is found to be cheaper than alternative ways of boosting school participation. By reducing disease transmission,...

Policy makers are well aware that creating jobs is an important priority if the health of our economy is to be preserved and improved. However, the first step towards a successful strategy of employment creation is an understanding of the labour market. Much attention has been devoted to analysing the unemployment/employment divide without sufficient attention being given to labour market participation itself. The aim of this paper is to add this dimension. Our focus is on African women,...

In the last decade AIDS has become identified as the major factor threatening South African democracy and its people. Only in the last five years however has the impact of the epidemic on education been appreciated and interventions to prevent the spread of HIV initiated. In this article we examine the discourses of AIDS interventions in schools. We show how these discourses ignore gender and then examine how school learners make sense of the messages. We argue that the learners hear the...

The 6th of September marks ten years since the College of Medicine of the University of Malawi opened its doors to the first group of undergraduate medical students. These young Malawian men and women had received part of their training in the United Kingdom and had come home for the final year of their studies. In the subsequent years, more cohorts of students returned from the UK, South Africa and Australia where they had done their basic medical sciences and initial clinical training....

The re-creation of South Africa in 1994 as an inclusive democracy in which the state, for the first time, represents all of the country's citizens has led to a new interest in immigration. This paper documents the development of new state discourses and exclusionary immigration policies since 1994. This paper examines these new fears about immigration, and the seeming contradiction between the immigration policies of the post-1994 South African state and its apparent commitment to democracy,...

This article attempts to illustrate how African learners orient themselves towards information in a pre-computerized learning environment. The critical objective of the article is to show that the disempowering elements in learning might again be replicated in computer-mediated learning or communication. The article illustrates that young African learners are situationally and not critically empowered by information as presented in its current form by institutions of learning. We assume that...

This paper examines the implications of copyright protection to distance education in Tanzania. The significance of copyright to distance education is exposed and the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 1999 is examined and appraised as to the extent to which it permits distance education use of copyrighted materials without obtaining the copyright owner's permission. The paper argues that statutory exemptions under the Act are neither elaborate nor specifically set for education and in...

In this article, Loukia Sarroub explores the relationships between Yemeni American high school girls and their land of origin. She also illustrates the tensions that often arise between immigrant students' lives and the goals of U.S. public schooling. Sarroub begins by providing historical background on Yemeni and Arab culture and international migration. Then, drawing upon a larger ethnographic study set in the Detroit, Michigan, area, she presents a case study of one girl's experiences in...