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While Africa has some of the world's strongest communities, service delivery tends to take place through functionality, and physically remote government structures. Despite important reforms that have taken place in many African countries in recent years, this remains especially true of education, where communities often continue to be neglected as partners in development. In the meantime, evidence is growing from a wide range of interventions, including those supported by the World Bank,...

This paper provides the first report of spatial learning in guinea pigs using the Morris water maze (MWM). Male and female guinea pigs were trained for 5 consecutive days (8 trials/day; acquisition phase) in either the visible (cued) or the hidden (non-cued) platform version of the MWM. In both tests, guinea pigs learned to navigate to the escape platform, as indicated by a decrease in escape latency over the 5 training days. There were no sex differences in either test version. A comparison...

The aim of the study is to investigate knowledge and sexual practices with reference to correct use of condoms among first year South African University students. The sample consisted of 206 participants, 146 female and 60 male, the mean age was 20.9 years (SD = 3.4), with a range from 17 to 34 years. Results indicated that one third (29.2%) of the sample reported never using condoms, 35.4% always, 19.8% regularly and 8.5% irregularly in the past three months. About 90% levels of correct...

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between familiarity, attitudes, causative and treatment beliefs about epilepsy in a sample of black young adults (university students) in South Africa. The sample included a convenient sample of 253 second year social science students, 98 (38.7%) males and 155 (61.3%) females in the age range from 18 to 42 years (M = 25.0 years, (SD = 4.2). The questionnaire administered to students in a class room situation included sociodemographic...

Objectives: To provide data on African/black South African university students’ tobacco use status, belief in the benefits to health of not smoking, risk awareness in terms of knowledge of the links between smoking and disease, health locus of control, value for health, subjective health status and well-being. Design: Cross sectional. Setting: University of the North Subjects: 793 Black University students from non-health courses chosen by random sampling, of these 370 (46.7%) were males and...

The present study sought to make comparison of for in a Democracy between college students in South Africa and those in the United States. In 1987 The American Psychiatric Association introduced the Global Function concept as a means to depict the present overall functioning of individuals in relation health care. The for in a Democracy Test (DEMO) used in this study is an effort to adapt the .global functioning concept more specifically to a democratic society based on current test strategy...

In 1960, Emperor Haile Selassie I enacted the Civil Code of Ethiopia; in 1963 the first Faculty of Law was established at Haile Selassie I University, staffed primarily by Americans; in 1974 the Emperor Haile Selassie I was killed by a military dictatorship (the Derg) which then styled the government after the Soviet model; in 1991, the Ethiopian Democratic Revolutionary People's Front (EPRDF) ousted the Derg and set the country's course towards democratic free-market economic development;...

This study investigated effects of an 8-wk, low-frequency and low-volume, supervised, progressive strength training program emphasizing free weight, multijoint movements on the muscular power, strength, endurance, and flexibility of African American women 44 to 68 yr of age.Nineteen sedentary African American women were randomly assigned to a strength training (ST) only group (N = 12; mean age, 51 yr) or a nonexercise control (C) group (N = 7; mean age, 52 yr). Maximal power, strength,...

This study aims to document the experience of uterine rupture as a serious common complication of pregnancy in some developing countries like Sudan. The study is also aimed at reviewing the main contributing factors so as to draw broad lines for a strategy of prevention.A retrospective study carried out at Medani Teaching Hospital, Medani City, Sudan. Case notes were reviewed for all patients with uterine rupture from 1st January 1992 through 31st of December 1997. The data was analyzed and...

In developing countries, amputations have been performed due to trauma and infections; whereas in developed counties, trauma, diabetes and peripheral vascular diseases are the usual indications. Current practice in Nigeria suggests a change of relative indications, hence, this study. A five-year (July 1994 to June 1999) review of amputation records from the medical records, operating theatre, wards and physiotherapy department was carried out retrospectively. Amputation types, age, sex and...

The limited number of studies concerning the prevalence of hearing loss and vision impairment and their causes, and the lack of strategies to prevent or treat the deleterious effects of hearing loss and vision impairment, point to a significant gap in the knowledge base concerning aged minority populations. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between vision and hearing impairment and psychological well-being among a sample of 988 elderly African American persons. Fair or...

Many models in the framework of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project have undertaken simulations of the mid-Holocene (6 kyr ago) climate change. Analysis of the results have mainly focused on the North African summer monsoon that was enhanced 6 kyr ago, in all models, in response to the prescribed enhanced summer insolation. The magnitude of the simulated increase in total rainfall is very different, however, among the models, and so is the prescribed mean hot desert albedo,...

To determine the predictive risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a normoglycemic population.This is a ten-year prospective study in a randomly selected urban population including 1835 subjects aged >=30 years living in Tunis, 1460 were normoglycemic according to 2 hours blood glucose WHO criteria, and 701 among them attended the follow-up assessment ten years later. Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were...

With Gao Xingjian's winning of the 2000 Nobel Prize for Literature and the controversy it generated, scholarship on Gao in English becomes crucial to understanding the landscape of Chinese cultural studies (both local and diasporan) during the 1980s and 1990s. Chinese spoken drama, severely under-studied and under-acknowledged in both Asian studies and theatre scholarship, has become a topic of sudden interest since the Nobel was bestowed on Gao last year. The relative paucity of...

The Military Academy, situated in Saldanha, is a unit of the South African National Defence Force. It consists of four sections namely Faculty of Military Science, Centre for Military Studies, Support Services and the Section Military Development. The Section Military Development ensures a military environment that is conducive to academic studies, structured professional military development and sporting achievements. This section focuses on the development of professional military...

This article presents a multilevel analysis of rural out-migration in Ethiopia over the 1984–1994 period. Using a recent household survey carried out in the drought prone rural areas of Ethiopia, discrete-time hazard models are used to examine the impact of individual, household and community factors on migration. Incorporating a life-course and the “new economics of migration” perspectives, our findings suggest that rural out-migration in these areas can be viewed as a function of...

Extracted from text ... 9 Michael Gast, an American educationalist, visited South Africa recently and decided to do an exploratory study of children in prison and reform schools. He reports as follows: Education in the South African juvenile justice system entails much more than just the formal classes and curriculum offered to young offenders. Through my month-long research project I have come to see that looking at education necessarily means studying the whole process of imprisonment,...