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Abstract Steps to decentralize the control of primary education are presently under way in Tanzania. Based on experiences over the last 15 years, a considerable inertia in the implementation of such changes can be expected. Thus, despite the reform efforts of the mid-1980s, local government councils remain marginalized in decision making regarding primary education, and parents have limited influence on collective decision making in these matters. The challenges to present local government...

1. The biomass of the different primary producers, and their relative contributions to the total, were measured quarterly from July 1997 to September 1998 in a tropical reservoir (Brobo, Côte‐d'Ivoire). The study period was marked by an exceptional decrease in the water level as a result of a long drought with only one significant rainfall in June 1998. 2. In July 1997, at the beginning of the usual rainy season, the level of the lake was normal and the ecosystem was in a moderately clear...

For the last two decades, the published research on the history of education of African Americans in the south during the era of de jure segregation has shifted from a focus on the inequalities experienced by segregated schools to understanding the kind of education African American teachers, principals, and parents attempted to provide under externally restrictive circumstances. This review provides a synthesis of this line of research. Results indicate that exemplar), teachers, the...

The purpose of this study was to investigate additional factors that should be included in the selection process of physiotherapy students in Zambia. A qualitative research design was chosen. Focused group discussions and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection purposes. The results of the study showed that besides pre-selection achievement, a number of non-academic variables should be included in the selection process of students because of their potential to influence academic performance.

This field note highlights lessons learned, and recommendations for promotion of school sanitation, and hygiene, using Uganda as a case study. The study attempted to: a) create awareness on the need for use of public funds for school sanitation; b) review the institutional arrangements in place (policies, strategies, institutions, and actors); c) analyze the nature of the interventions, which have been put in place; and, d) document the experiences, lessons, and recommendations in promoting school sanitation, and hygiene.

ABSTRACT The attainment of sustainable food security in sub-Saharan Africa requires the efforts of a large cadre of well-trained agricultural resource specialists familiar with the constraints and perspectives of smallhold farmers and experienced in interdisciplinary problem-solving. The Forum for Agricultural Resource Husbandry (FORUM) was initiated in 1992 by The Rockefeller Foundation to stabilize Faculties of Agriculture in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda and Zimbabwe by providing...

The analysis was based on the 1994 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey combined with aggregate data from the 1992 census. Discrete-time hazard models for first and higher-order births were estimated for 1990-94. The average length of education in the district and the proportion who are literate were found to have no impact on a woman's birth rate above and beyond that of her own education, when it was controlled for urbanization. This was the case for women who themselves had little or no...

Deformation throughout Afar over the past 2 myr has been characterized by widespread and intense crustal fragmentation that results from inhomogeneous extension across the region. In eastern Afar, this situation has evolved to localized extension associated with the westward propagation of the Gulf of Aden/Gulf of Tadjurah seafloor spreading system into the Asal–Ghoubbet Rift. During the gradual process of rift propagation and localization, crustal blocks in eastern Afar sustained clockwise...

Abstract The purpose of this study is to fill a gap related to the limited number of multicultural studies related to African immigrants in the U.S. and their educational issues. This study will a) analyze the emotional, linguistic and cultural issues facing new immigrants from Africa attending American schools, and b) provide strategies that teachers can use to develop effective intercultural communication with their students and their parents from Africa.

An account is given of how a national diabetes care and education programme was developed in Ghana, a developing country, through international collaboration of medical schools, industry and government health care institutions. The approach is by way of trained diabetes teams consisting of physicians, dietitians and nurse educators at two tertiary institutional levels (teaching hospitals) who in turn trained teams consisting of physicians, dietitians or diettherapy nurses, nurse educators...

Abstract Central to South Africa's democratic transformation have been attempts to understand how and why human rights abuses were common under apartheid. In testimony to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission evidence has emerged of a wide range of past complicity in human rights abuses by health professionals and their organisations. This has presented a major challenge to the health sector to develop ways to operationalise a commitment to human rights in the future. This paper argues...

To determine whether educating community leaders about epilepsy would lead to an increase in epilepsy cases being diagnosed and treated at primary health centers.This was a single-arm cohort study performed in Epworth, a periurban township outside Harare, Zimbabwe. The subjects were Epworth community leaders (Local Board members, teachers, nurses, police officers, traditional healers, prophets). Educational workshops were given on epilepsy, its cause, and its management, and the number of...

Abstract This research extends and revises research on the association between the racial composition of schools and academic achievement. Some earlier studies have looked at how the concentration of minority students was related to test performance of both Black and White students, and have found a negative correlation for both groups that could not be attributed to socioeconomic factors. Using hierarchical linear modeling and including individual-level and school-level family structure...

This study identifies theoretically based predictors of condom use in a sample of 253 sexually active African-American college students recruited from two historically African-American colleges. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) skills model of AIDS-preventive behavior was employed to delineate the roles of HIV/AIDS knowledge, experiences with and attitudes toward condom use, peer influences, perceived vulnerability, monogamy, and behavioral skills. A predictive structural equation...