Seismic refraction investigation of the subsurface structure at the southern part of Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria - Alhassan, D. U.; Dangana, LM; Salako, KA; Jonah, S.A.; Ofor, NP (Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2011)
This paper discussed the seismic refraction survey conducted at the southern part of Niger State College of Education Minna, in which a three-channel seismograph was used for the survey.The profiles were marked at 100m intervals, while the profiles lines traversed 1000m (1km).The exact site surveyed covers a total area of about 500,000m 2 .From the data collected, time -distance curves for each shot points were drawn, the velocities of the underlying layers for each points were obtained and the depths to the refractor layer were computed.The results obtained gave an overview of the lateral variation in the lithological changes of the subsurface earth materials in the surveyed area.The basement surface varied in depth, from depths as shallow as 2.05m to a maximum of 10.13m.The rock materials identified in the surveyed area are chiefly sand, saturated clay, gravel, and granite.
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Survey of childhood blindness and visual impairment in Botswana - Nallasamy, Sudha; Anninger, William; Quinn, Graham E.; Kroener, Brian T; Zetola, Nicola M.; Nkomazana, Oathokwa (British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2011)
Background/aims In terms of blind-person years, the worldwide burden of childhood blindness is second only to cataracts. In many developing countries, 30–72% of childhood blindness is avoidable. The authors conducted this study to determine the causes of childhood blindness and visual impairment (VI) in Botswana, a middle-income country with limited access to ophthalmic care. Methods This study was conducted over 4 weeks in eight cities and villages in Botswana. Children were recruited through a radio advertisement and local outreach programmes. Those ≤15 years of age with visual acuity <6/18 in either eye were enrolled. The WHO/Prevention of Blindness Eye Examination Record for Children with Blindness and Low Vision was used to record data. Results The authors enrolled 241 children, 79 with unilateral and 162 with bilateral VI. Of unilateral cases, 89% were avoidable: 23% preventable (83% trauma-related) and 66% treatable (40% refractive error and 31% amblyopia). Of bilateral cases, 63% were avoidable: 5% preventable and 58% treatable (33% refractive error and 31% congenital cataracts). Conclusion Refractive error, which is easily correctable with glasses, is the most common cause of bilateral VI, with cataracts a close second. A nationwide intervention is currently being planned to reduce the burden of avoidable childhood VI in Botswana.
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Motivating the Nigerian academic and non-academic staff for sustainable higher education: Insights for policy options - Nosike, Austin N.; Oguzor, Nkasiobi Silas (Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business, 2011)
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Instructional Technologies and School Curriculum in Nigeria: Innovations and Challenges - Opara, Jacinta A.; Oguzor, Nkasiobi Silas (Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business, 2011)
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An Integrative Review of Comprehensive Sex Education for Adolescent Girls in Kenya - Agbemenu, Kafuli; Schlenk, Elizabeth A. (Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2011)
Abstract Purpose: The purposes of this article are to identify and review comprehensive sex education programs (CSEPs) available to adolescent females in Kenya, East Africa, to discuss barriers to implementing CSEPs in Kenya, and to highlight the role of nurses in improving and institutionalizing available CSEPs in Kenya. Design: Integrative review. Methods: A systematic search of six databases and other Internet sources was conducted to identify CSEPs currently available to adolescent girls in Kenya. Five CSEPs were identified. The CSEPs were evaluated using established criteria. Findings: All of the CSEPs were well designed and almost all were implemented with fidelity. Four of the five CSEPs met all of the criteria for well‐designed CSEPs with only one showing lack of sustainability. Tuko Pamoja (We Are One) shows promise for wider implementation. Conclusions: CSEPs are a valid intervention leading to the reduction of teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections. The reach of the identified CSEPs varies, and sustainability is challenging due to lack of government and community support, lack of funding, and unsustainable teaching modalities. Clinical Relevance: Nurses can serve as liaisons between adolescents, the community, and the Kenyan government in promoting CSEPs. Nurses should be more readily utilized in educating community members and policy makers about the need for CSEPs in all Kenyan high schools. Nursing students can also be utilized in their community health role to teach curricula of CSEPs. Nurses should advocate for all adolescents to access reproductive health services and for all healthcare providers to provide comprehensive reproductive health care to them.
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Lack of antenatal care, education, and high maternal mortality in Kassala hospital, eastern Sudan during 2005–2009 - Ali, AbdelAziem A.; Adam, Ishag (Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2011)
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and causes of maternal deaths at Kassala maternity hospital, eastern Sudan during 2005-2009. All maternal deaths during this period were reviewed and classified retrospectively. The medical file of consequent women who were discharged from the same ward in the hospital was reviewed to act as control for the maternal death. There were 132 maternal deaths and 20,485 (644/100,000) live births. Septicemia, preeclampsia/eclampsia, hemorrhage, anemia, viral hepatitis, and malaria were the causes for maternal mortality. Primipare (OR = 3.3, CI = 1.6-6.9, p = 0.001), lack of antenatal care (OR = 3.9, CI = 1.6-9.5, p = 0.002), illiteracy (OR = 2.6, CI = 1.4-4.8, p = 0.002), and rural residence (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.2-4.1; p = 0.008) were the predictors for maternal death. The levels of maternal education and antenatal attendance should be raised to reduce the high maternal mortality.
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Gender and Christian Higher Education in Nigeria - Ango, Samuel Peni (Christian Higher Education, 2011)
Gender discrimination is still very high in Africa, including in the church. Often the arguments for gender disparity do not have objective grounds. However, those who advocate gender parity are often as subjective and sentimental as those who oppose it. There is a need for more objective arguments, based on empirical observations of the roles and performances of women in various endeavors, in advocating gender parity. In recent years, many Christian denominations have established Christian universities in Nigeria with the stated aim of providing Christian higher education. How have these universities affected the status of women in Nigeria? What trends in gender relationships may be observed from the work of these universities? This paper researches the impact of two of the Christian universities in southwestern Nigeria on the faith of their male and female students, and finds that the self-worth of women has been positively impacted along with the apparently positive influence of the universities on the faith of their male and female students. The paper recommends more deliberate efforts on the part of Christian universities in southwestern Nigeria to both pursue Christian higher education and to enhance gender parity.
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Civic Education, Political Discussion, and the Social Transmission of Democratic Knowledge and Values in a New Democracy: Kenya 2002 - Finkel, Steven E.; Smith, Amy Erica (American Journal of Political Science, 2011)
How does civic education affect the development of democratic political culture in new democracies? Using a unique threewave panel data set from Kenya spanning the transitional democratic election of 2002, we posit a two-step process of the social transmission of democratic knowledge, norms, and values. Civic education first affected the knowledge, values, and participatory inclinations of individuals directly exposed to the Kenyan National Civic Education Programme (NCEP). These individuals became opinion leaders, communicating these new orientations to others within their social networks. Individuals who discussed others’ civic education experiences then showed significant growth in democratic knowledge and values, in many instances more than individuals with direct exposure to the program. We find further evidence of a “compensation effect,” such that the impact of civic education and post-civic education discussion was greater among Kenyans with less education and with lower levels of social integration.
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Partnership in leadership: Exploring the emerging partnership between schools and communities in rural South Africa - Quan-Baffour, Kofi Poku (2011)
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Performance Determinants of Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in Mathematics of Secondary Schools in Nyamaiya Division, Kenya - Yara, Philias Olatunde; Catherine, Wanjohi. W. (Asian Social Science, 2011)
The study found the performance determinants of students' performance in mathematics Kenya certificate of secondary education (KCSE) in Nyamaiya division of Kenya.The study employed descriptive survey design of the ex-post facto type with a total student population of 151 and 12 teachers.Four validated research instrument developed for the study were Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) (r = 0.67), Students Questionnaire (SQ) (r = 0.75), Teachers Questionnaire (TQ) (r = 0.60 and Head teachers Questionnaire (HQ) (r = 0.70).Three research questions were answered.The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.There was a positive correlation among the six independent variables and the dependent measure -mathematics performance(R= 0.238; F (6,151) =1.53843; p<0.05).The six variables accounted for 45.6% of the total variance in the independent measure (R 2 = 0.564).Teachers' experience (B=0.972,t=2.080; p<0.05), teachers' qualification (B=0.182,t=2.390; p<0.05), teachers/students' attitude (B=0.215,t= 2.821; p<0.05) and school category (B=0.064,t=0.352; p<0.05) could be used to predict students' academic performance in mathematics.It is therefore recommended that adequate attention should paid to these variables that can predict students' performance by the government and other stakeholders of education in Kenya.
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Education in Togo: From Its Creation until the Period of Socio-Political and Economic Crisis of 1990 - Bafei, Pouzon-Ani (International Education Studies, 2011)
In order to study in long-term the impact of the socio-political and economic crisis on the public policy of Togolese educational system, this article tries to relate the history of Togolese education since its creation until the beginning of the period of the socio-political and economic crisis of 1990.Being given that one of the primordial objectives of the Togolese state is reached at the universal primary school education by 2015.Thus, this study will be focused more on the primary education.Therefore the study proposes to explore the functioning of the Togolese educational system in order to better understand its strengths and weaknesses, to identify present sources of inefficiencies and suggest possible ways to reduce them.
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The Ethiopian Adolescent and the Effect of Cultural Difference on Immigrant Students' Learning - Bitew, Getnet; Ferguson, Peter (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
This article investigates the effect of cultural difference on the secondary school induction and learning of Ethiopian–Australian immigrant students living in Melbourne, Australia. A qualitative methodology was employed using interviews as data-collection instruments. Secondary school students, their teachers, and parents acted as participants in the study. The immigrant students' school life was examined through the interaction and influence of the cultural experiences and expectations the students brought with them and the expectations attached to the preexisting culture within the schools attended. The research identified some specific discriminatory forces related to cultural differences that contributed to, and inhibited, the students' learning when they relocated between countries and school systems.
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West Bank and Gaza - WBG: Tertiary Education Project : P083767 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 12 - Cuadra, Ernesto P. (2011)
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An Examination of Critical Problems Associated with the Implementation of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme in Nigeria - Ejere, Emmanuel Iriemi (International Education Studies, 2011)
It is hardly debateable that implementation is the bane of public policies and programmes in Nigeria.A well formulated policy or programme is useless if not properly implemented as its stated objectives will not be realized.The Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme was introduced in Nigeria in September 1999 by the Obasanjo's administration.Ten years on, the programme is being bedeviled by a number of implementation problems.This paper examines some of the major constraints impeding the effective implementation of the UBE programme in Nigeria.The paper then suggested some strategies to facilitate the successful implementation of the programme.
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Entrepreneurship Education and Career Intentions of Tertiary Education Students in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria - Ekpoh, Uduak Imo; Edet, Aniefiok Oswald (International Education Studies, 2011)
This paper explores the impact of entrepreneurship education on career intentions among 500 students drawn from two universities in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States of Nigeria.The study adopted a survey design.Two research questions and two hypotheses were raised for the study.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Entrepreneurship Education and Career Intentions Questionnaire (EECIQ).The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and population t-test.Findings highlight that exposure to entrepreneurship education influences career intentions of tertiary school students.
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Re-Engineering Values Education in Nigerian Schools as Catalyst for National Development - Enu, Donald Bette; Esu, Aide (International Education Studies, 2011)
The decay in the Nigerian society has affected the standard of values and moral character formation.This has manifested in so many anti-social vices.Anti-social behaviour exhibited include corruption, dishonesty, greed, violent crimes, lack of accountability, indiscipline, disrespect to constituted authorities, laziness, low moral courage among many others.All these have constituted a serious moral problem for the Nigerian State and have constrained all sincere efforts targeted at achieving national development.This paper having reviewed the weak values system in Nigeria strongly recommend the re-reengineering of values education in Nigeria schools as catalyst for national development.It is the view of the authors that the pursuit of national development is first attitudinal and so the citizenry should be given new orientation that goes to ensure the overhauling and reconstruction of the total values system in the society for obvious national development to be guaranteed.The authors advocated as a matter of necessity the development and introduction of a national policy on values education as a references instrument which will be used as a realistic paradigm for behavioral transformation and ethical reorientation.This is one sure way of attaining national development
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Interrogating recent range changes in South African birds: confounding signals from land use and climate change present a challenge for attribution - Hockey, Philip A. R.; Sirami, Clélia; Ridley, Amanda R.; Midgley, Guy F.; Babiker, Hassan (Diversity and Distributions, 2011)
Abstract Aim Apparent anthropogenic warming has been underway in South Africa for several decades, a period over which significant range shifts have been observed in some indigenous bird species. We asked whether these range shifts by birds are clearly consistent with either climate change or land use change being the primary driver. Location South Africa. Methods We categorized recent range changes among 408 South African terrestrial bird species and, using generalized linear mixed models, analysed ecological attributes of those species that have and have not changed their ranges. Results Fifty‐six of the 408 taxa studied have undergone significant range shifts. Most extended their ranges towards the south (towards cooler latitudes, consistent with climate‐change drivers) or west (towards drier and warmer habitats, inconsistent with climate drivers but consistent with land use drivers); very few moved east or north. Both southward and westward movers were habitat generalists. Furthermore, southward movers were mobile taxa (migrants and nomads), whereas westward movers were associated with human‐modified elements in the landscape, such as croplands, plantations or buildings. Main conclusions The results suggest that both land use changes and climate change may simultaneously be influencing dynamic range shifts by South African birds, but separating the relative strengths of these two drivers is challenging, not least because both are operating concurrently and may influence some species simultaneously. Those species that respond to land use change by contracting their ranges are likely to be among the species that will be most impacted by climate change if land use practices with negative impacts are occurring in areas anticipated to become climatic refugia for these species. This highlights a pressing need to develop dynamic models of species’ potential range shifts and changing abundances that incorporate population and dispersal processes, as well as ecological processes that influence habitat suitability.
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The Role of Culture in Rural Ugandan Mathematics Teaching and Learning - Kaahwa, Janet (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
Education systems are culturally embedded and, therefore, difficult to improve without understanding actions, beliefs, and attitudes related to education existing within the culture. This article discusses the role culture plays in the teaching and learning of mathematics. It specifically dwells on the ways culture could benefit learners from disadvantaged parts of the world, with special reference to Uganda. It singles out culture at a societal level, arguing that culture can act as a medium of communication of mathematics, can be a glue, a transition bridge, and a liberator to mention but a few.
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A map of groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa - MacDonald, Alan; Dochartaigh, Brighid Ó; Bonsor, H.C.; Key, R. M.; Davies, Jerry (2011)
To understand and characterise the resilience of African groundwater to climate change requires an understanding of aquifer properties, particularly transmissivity and storage. However, quantitative data on transmissivity and storage are scarce for most of Africa. A new groundwater resilience map has been developed for Africa which incorporates proxies for these parameters: typical borehole yields; an aquifer storage type based on lithology; and an estimation of probable aquifer thickness. The map was developed using a four stage process. 1. A geological basemap – the UNESCO 1:5 million scale geological map of Africa – was selected and modified. Precambrian rocks were split into three hydrogeologically significant units (metasedimentary, mobile (orogenic) belt, and craton), and sedimentary rocks were classified by the major sedimentary basins to which they belong. 2. Published hydrogeological maps were scanned and georeferenced and used to help further combine or divide geological units and to help attribute the geological map with proxy aquifer properties data. Most of these hydrogeological maps are at a national or country scale, typically 1:1 million to 1:2 million. A few are regional maps (e.g. west and central Africa), typically at 1:5 million scale. Virtually all of Africa is covered by a hydrogeological map of some form, although they vary greatly in published age and in the level of geological and hydrogeological detail available. 3. Additional hydrogeological data and information were used to further parameterise and increase confidence in the new map. More than 200 studies reported in easily accessible published and unpublished literature were collated and georeferenced. Significant effort was made to ensure the systematic and transparent review, assessment and inclusion of hydrogeological information from both maps and previous studies. As part of this, confidence rankings were assigned to all the studies that provided hydrogeological information, using systematic confidence criteria. 4. The first draft of the groundwater resilience map will be subject to peer review by experts in African hydrogeology during November 2010. The feedback from the peer review will be incorporated into a final map that will be freely available online in several forms appropriate to different user needs, such as GIS-users, modellers, and policy makers. The map of groundwater resilience across Africa will provide a preliminary assessment at a continentscale of how groundwater can support adaptation and build resilience to climate change. More information is available from www.bgs.ac.uk/GWResilience/ .
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Yemen, Republic of - RY-Second Vocational Training Project : P086308 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 07 - Temurov, Mukim (2011)
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A Study on Cervical Cancer Screening Amongst Nurses in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria - Awodele, Olufunsho; Adeyomoye, Ayokunle A.; Awodele, Deborah F.; Kwashi, V.; Awodele, Ibironke; Dolapo, Duro C. (Journal of cancer education, 2011)
Cancer of the cervix is the commonest genital tract malignancy in the female, and it has been ranked second to breast cancer. It has positive association with infection of human papillomavirus. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially in western countries following the introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) towards cervical cancer screening as they are important health personnel that are suppose to educate women on the need for cervical cancer screening. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitude and practice of 200 nurses in LUTH towards cervical cancer screening. The results obtained showed that 99% of the respondents were aware of cervical cancer and that 92% of the respondents were also aware of the causative organism of cervical cancer (human papillomavirus). Their major sources of information were through electronic media (43.9%) and health professionals (37.4%). Furthermore, the respondents were quiet aware of Pap smear (91%) as one of the screening techniques of cervical cancer and had good attitudes (89%) towards Pap smear, but most of them had never done it before. The study further revealed that majority of the respondents did not know colposcopy as one of the screening techniques for cervical cancer. Finally, it has been made known from this study that nurses have good knowledge of cervical cancer but have limited understanding of the types of cervical cancer screening techniques and poor disposition towards undergoing cervical cancer screening. It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organise seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer. This training may be done as part of the orientation programme to newly employed staff.
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Awareness and Utilization of Emergency Contraceptives among Female Undergraduate Students of University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria - Isara, AR; Ehigiegba, EO; Elamah, IO (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2011)
Any woman of reproductive age may need Emergency Contraception (EC) at some point to avoid an unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness and utilization of EC among female undergraduate students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 450 randomly selected full time female undergraduate students. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self administered questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 22.2 ± 2.9 years with majority (88.0%) of them being single. Majority 276 (61.3%) of the respondents were sexually active out of which 213 (77.2%) had engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse and 110 (39.9%) had had an unintended pregnancy. Three hundred and seventy one (82.4%) respondents were aware of EC and their main source of information about EC was from friends (27.4%). Only 122 (32.9%) respondents had correct knowledge of EC while 45 (12.1%) had used it. Various incorrect methods/forms of EC were used by respondents to protect against unwanted pregnancy. Although, the awareness of EC among female undergraduates was high, correct knowledge and utilization by the students was low. There is therefore an urgent need to educate adolescents and young people in the university about EC especially in the area of correct methods available for them. The establishment of Reproductive Health Clubs and Adolescentfriendly health services where students can seek health information especially in reproductive health should be encouraged in the university.
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Teachers Exodus In South African Schools: A Smoke With Burning Fire - Lumadi, Mutendwahothe Walter (Contemporary issues in education research (Littleton, Colo.), 2011)
African teachers in general and South Africans in particular face tremendous challenges, several of which are curriculum related. These challenges manifest themselves at various levels and in various areas, that is, from national level to within the classroom. There are various role players who may make a contribution towards overcoming these challenges. It is imperative that each role player must be able to make a significant contribution. Clair and Adgers (2001:17) are of the opinion that school reform efforts must ensure that schools become centres of excellence for all students. This creates certain challenges for teachers, and in turn, demands a certain empowerment of them in order to achieve the vision of excellence in a diverse society with diverse needs (Carl, 2002:03). The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by South African teachers in the school curriculum and the causes of their poor performance in the teaching-learning situation. It became evident that some of the challenges are as a result of current and recurrent changes in the school curriculum. The researcher used a qualitative research methodology whereby a case study design was followed. The study used purposive sampling where four schools including both primary and secondary schools from the Eastern Cape (hereafter referred to as EC) Province were selected as sites for the study. EC Province is more disadvantaged in terms of resources as compared to the other Provinces in South Africa. Four teachers from each school were chosen as respondents. Data was collected through interviews and observations. Although the study was conducted in EC, it became evident from the findings that it is still a mammoth task country wide for teachers to implement the curriculum effectively. In the South African context, the problem manifests itself in a special way and the question remains, namely, what challenges do teachers in primary and secondary schools experience? The following challenges were identified when research was conducted; inadequate resources, a poor career path, HIV and AIDS pandemic, contractual employment, low remuneration, heavy workload and placement. These are critical issues of compliance if South Africa is going to overcome its past and build a culture of learning and tolerance that embraces and defines its political and educational future. The imbalances of international influences at the expense of teachers need to be rigorously redefined at school level. The study recommends that the National Ministry of Education (MOE) should have some mechanisms in place for remedying this unenviable situation.
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Remedying Misdemeanors At South African Higher Education And Training Institutions - Lumadirry, JeMutendwahothe Walter (Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 2011)
In 2004 South Africa embarked on a mission of reforming its higher education system, merging and incorporating small universities into larger institutions, and renaming all higher education institutions university. The democratic country’s universities and technikons, which were incorporated with others and thus no longer exist, will be mentioned in this study. There are also a large number of institutions in South Africa, some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for students who write their examinations at the distance education University of South Africa and some offer unaccredited or non accredited diplomas. Public universities in South Africa are divided into three types; traditional universities, which offer theoretically oriented university degrees; universities of technology, which offer practically-oriented diplomas and degrees in technical fields; and comprehensive universities, which offer a combination of both types of qualifications. Disciplinary problems at universities interfere with the educational process and place a burden on Management and academics. Misdemeanours have long been linked to negative outcomes for students, such as course failure and dropping out of universities. University senior management team is interested in keeping the institution safe and maintaining positive environment conducive to learning. To accomplish this mission, universities employ a range of policies and approaches to managing student behaviour, including positive behaviour support, exclusion, suspension and expulsions. Research was conducted in three types of South African universities. Management of each type of university was interviewed. From each type of university, three institutions were randomly selected. This left the researcher with a total of 9 universities out of 23. Responses from management of various institutions were related.
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Bacterial Isolates from Blood Samples of Patients in University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. - Mordi, RM; Ibadin, MO; Ofovwe, GE (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2011)
The presence of bacteria in the blood stream results in a condition known as bacteremia. This condition is associated with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). The study seeks to determine the bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and their susceptibility profile in a tertiary healthcare institution. The design was prospective and crosssectional. Specimens were obtained from patients in no particular selection order except that they were consecutively obtained. The study was carried out in a tertiary healthcare institution which is equipped with a standard microbiology laboratory. Patients seen at the various facilities in the hospital were used for the study. They numbered one thousand, six hundred and seventy (1,670) patients. This was during the period October 2008 to September 2009. The patient population was 1,500 (89.2%) infants while adults were 170 (10.8%). 1ml of venous blood was aseptically inoculated into two blood culture bottles, brain heart infusion broth and thioglycollate broth while giving great attention to sterile process. They were incubated overnight at 37 C and were examined daily for growth. Growth is usually characterized by gas bubbles or turbidity. If there was indication of growth either in the brain-heart infusion broth or the thioglycollate broth or both; gram staining and microscopy were prepared and read. The thioglychollate broth was sub cultured onto blood agar plate for anaerobic incubation, while the brain heart infusion broth was sub cultured onto chocolate, blood agar and McConkey agar for aerobic incubation. The anaerobic incubation was done by putting the culture plates into an anaerobic jar and filling it with hydrogen gas. This was incubated at 37 C overnight. The organisms isolated were identified to species level using the protocol of Cowan and Steel. The antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of the isolates was determined using the agar diffusion method of Bauer and Kirby. Eleven bacterial species were isolated in the study and they varied widely in their antibiotic susceptibilities. Ofloxacin exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was 56.3% susceptible to oxacillin. The study isolated the common bacteria involved in bacteremia and determined their susceptibility profile, and also suggested some control measures.Keywords: Bacteremia; Pyrexia of unknown origin; antibiotic susceptibilities,
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Technical and vocational teaching and training in Gabon: how future teachers build their vocational identity? - Nze, Jean Sylvain Bekale; Ginestié, Jacques (International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 2011)
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Defining Science From Multicultural And Universal Perspectives: A Review Of Research And Its Implications For Science Education In Africa - Ogunleye, Ayodele O. (Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 2011)
The current move toward "science for all" in all parts of the globe necessitates that consideration be given to how pupils move between their everyday life and the world of school science, how pupils deal with cognitive conflicts between those two worlds, and what this means for effective teaching of science. In recent times, multiculturalism’s proper place in science education has been the subject of considerable controversy in science education literature. The key issue has been whether a multicultural approach to science education is compatible with a universalistic conception of science. The purpose of this paper is to examine the scope of multicultural education and to review the definition of science put forward from multicultural perspectives in contrast to a universalistic perspective on science; i.e. the standard account and the various propositions put forward for both universal and indigenous science. The paper then offers suggestions as to the implications for teaching science in the African context by encouraging science teachers to incorporate examples of African science into their lessons and also teach children to have equal respect for the accomplishments of all cultures, such that they realize that science is a part of every culture worldwide.
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Internationalising university schools of nursing in South Africa through a Community of Practice - Uys, Leana R.; Middleton, Lyn (International Nursing Review, 2011)
UYS L. R. & MIDDLETON L. (2011) Internationalising university schools of nursing in South Africa through a Community of Practice. International Nursing Review 58 , 115–122 Introduction: International nursing experiences in higher education have traditionally enabled and continue to enable nurses to appreciate ‘. . . the richness of the nursing mosaic . . . and the realities of nursing in many different cultural contexts’. This article describes a case study of the Collaboration for Higher Education of Nurses and Midwives in Africa in terms of its success in internationalising the nursing schools involved. Background: Different types of international contact have led to a limited pattern of internationalization in the universities of Southern Africa, which often places African academics in a secondary or dependant position. Opportunities for truly equal international partnerships have been limited. Methods: A qualitative analysis of the views of participants from the consortium of universities was carried out based on the conceptual framework of communities of practice. Findings: An effective community of practice had been established, focused on the major knowledge domain of nursing and midwifery in Africa, and sharing the perception that their work was empowering and collaborative. The community had established its own ways of working, and articulated major institutional and individual benefits.
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The Increasing Threat of Natural Hazards in Central Africa: The Case of Urban Megagullies - Vandecasteele, Ine; Makanzu, Fils; Ntombi, Akheem; Ozer, Pierre; Moeyersons, J; Tréfois, P. (2011)
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Potential Impact of Climate Change on Termite Distribution in Africa - Ahmed, Berhan M.; Nkunika, Philip Obed Yobe; Sileshi, Gudeta W.; French, J. R. J.; Nyeko, Philip; Jain, Sharad K. (British Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2011)
Termites (Order: Isoptera) constitute an integral component of various ecosystems in Africa. Termites are also amongst the most difficult insects to study because of their cryptic behaviour and natural nesting habitat. There are around 2600 species of termites in 280 genera which have been described worldwide and about 39% of the total termite species are found in Africa. Termite identification is crucial to understanding termite distribution and their relationship to climate change. Some termite species are well known pests of agricultural crops, forest trees, wood products and timber-in-service causing considerable damage in Africa. This review paper attempts to collate information on African termite distribution and climate change and highlights some knowledge gaps. Africa is the origin of the termite family of Macrotermitinae. The paper focuses more on economically important termite species in Africa. The use of traditional identification methods coupled with molecular techniques in resolving some of the challenges in termite distribution with particular reference to climate change in Africa are discussed. There is scant information on published literature on the impact of climate change on
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Implementing locally appropriate guidelines and training to improve care of serious illness in Kenyan hospitals: a story of scaling-up (and down and left and right) - English, Mike; Wamae, Annah; Nyamai, Rachel; Bevins, Bill; Irimu, Grace (Archives of disease in childhood, 2011)
Inadequate health systems are now widely recognised as major barriers to improved newborn and child survival and achieving Millennium Development Goal 4 that calls for a two-thirds reduction in under 5 mortality in low-income settings.1 A key challenge of the coming decade is thus to strengthen health systems and ‘scale-up’ delivery of safe, accessible and high quality care.2,–,4 The required interventions are often divided up into ‘essential packages’, each with their own training materials and dedicated training courses. Examples include essential neonatal care, essential obstetric care, malaria case management, case management of severe malnutrition and management of the HIV infected child. Reported examples of successful scaling-up of such packages are usually drawn from large, internationally well-funded programmes in fields such as HIV.5 In contrast, support for widespread implementation of cross-cutting interventions such as WHO/UNICEF's Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses can be half-hearted even if the approach is formally adopted at policy level.6 7 For care of the seriously ill child, in theory concentrated in rural hospitals as a result of referral, a holistic approach, identifying and managing all needs given the available resources, is intuitively sensible rather than focusing thinking and training on only malaria, or only HIV or only severe malnutrition.8 Such thinking prompted development of WHO's Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT) training programme,9 designed with a similar philosophy to emergency care courses aimed at higher income settings (eg, European Paediatric Life Support, EPLS). However, work indicating outdated, poor quality of case management of serious illness10 11 revealed a need for knowledge …
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Effect of Depth on Microbial Pollution of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Metropoilis, Benue State, Nigeria - Isikwue, M. O. (British Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2011)
This study looked at the effect of depth on the microbial pollution of shallow wells in the three floodplains of Makurdi metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria. Water samples from the wells were collected and analyzed monthly for seven months from February to August (covering both wet and dry seasons) using the pour plate technique. The assessment was for the presence coliform bacteria. The species isolated were Salmonella typhilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Proteus spp. and total coliform. The pollution of wells was found to increase with decrease in depth and decrease with increase in depth. The water table varied from 4.3m (in wet season) to 6.4m (in dry season). Generally pollution level in the floodplains was between 17cfu/ml and 297cfu/ml of bacterial population. No well studied met the limit by World Health organization (WHO) for drinking water which is 0cfu/ml and 10cfu/ml by the National Agency Food and Drugs Administration and Control, Nigeria (NAFDAC). This shows that wells must be up to 15m deep so as to be free from pollution. Screening the wells to the depth of 15m and treatment by disinfection before drinking were the recommendations made.
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Availability of books as a factor in reading, teaching and learning behaviour in twenty disadvantaged primary schools in South Africa - Nassimbeni, Mary; Desmond, Snoeks (South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 2011)
The purpose of the research project was to investigate the effects of the provision of story books in twenty disadvantaged primary schools in rural South Africa. The recipients of the donation were children in deprived areas, growing up in printpoor environments. The programme theory of the donor organisation, Biblionef, is that access to attractive ageappropriate books will have beneficial effects such as improved literacy skills, the promotion of confidence and improvement in learning. A qualitative approach was adopted to collect data before the intervention, and six months after the book donation, which included a comprehensive training programme in the use of the books. During the site visits, observation schedules were used; also focus groups of both teachers and children. We were able to chart impact in a number of areas such as improved availability and use of books in fifteen of the schools, with respect to both classroom activities and voluntary reading. In five schools there was no appreciable change. We recommend that innovation in teaching approaches associated with the use of books should be accompanied by careful training, and benign monitoring.
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An Investigation Into Nigerian Teachers Knowledge Of Primary Science Curriculum Content And Involvement In Practical Activities: Implications For The UBE Scheme - Ogunleye, Ayodele O. (Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 2011)
The study was designed to find out the extent of Nigerian teachers’ knowledge of primary science curriculum content and their involvement in the participation of their pupils in science activities. Furthermore, the study sought to find out teachers ranking of primary science objectives. The subjects were 60 primary school teachers randomly selected from both urban and rural primary schools in Lagos State. A questionnaire constructed by the researcher, whose coefficient of internal validity was 0.85, was used for data collection. The findings of the study show that a significant proportion of primary school teachers experience difficulty in teaching many of the topics of the primary science curriculum. Further findings of the study were discussed with regards to qualification, Sex and experiences of teachers. The implications of these findings for the Nigeria Universal Basic Education (UBE) scheme were also highlighted.
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Post-graduate research in information and knowledge management in LIS schools in South Africa - Onyancha, Omwoyo Bosire (South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to highlight salient patterns of post-graduate research in information and knowledge management (I&KM) in LIS (Library and Information Science/Studies) schools in South Africa. The data was extracted from two SABINET (South African Bibliographic and Information Network)-hosted databases, namely the Current and Completed Research (C&CR) and the Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations (UCTD). Data was analyzed in order to find out the coverage of I&KM research in the databases; identify the topics of I&KM research; to examine trends in I&KM post-graduate research in South Africa; to determine the academic level at which I&KM research is mostly conducted; to find out the qualifications under which I&KM research is conducted; and to identify the study leaders (or supervisors) and institutions behind I&KM research in South Africa. The study found that there is an increased interest in I&KM by post-graduate students in South Africa; the main topics of research are related to Library and Information Science (LIS) and Business Science; the majority of the study leaders belong to the discipline of LIS; and that the most productive institutions are universities and more particularly, the universities that not only lead in the national research output but also those which have LIS departments. Recommendations for further research are also offered.
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Fighting to the last drop of our blood: Invocations of radical struggle masculinity among black student politicians in South Africa - Oxlund, Bjarke (Norma, 2011)
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Frequency Distribution of Hemoglobin Variants, ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among Students of African Descent - Pennap, G. R. I. (British microbiology research journal, 2011)
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Yemen, Republic of - RY Higher Education Quality Improvement : P110733 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 02 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
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Yemen, Republic of - Yemen: Basic Education Development Program : P076185 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 11 - Miyajima, Tomomi (2011)
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Yemen, Republic of - Secondary Education Development and Girls Access Program : P089761 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 06 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
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Self-reported Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms among university students in Eldoret, Kenya - Atwoli, Lukoye; Owiti, Philip; Manguro, Griffins; Ndambuki, Daniel Kyalo (East African medical journal, 2011)
To determine the prevalence of self-reported attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among university students in Eldoret, Kenya.A cross-sectional descriptive study of all students who gave consent to participate in the study.Moi University's Town Campus, comprising the Schools of Medicine, Dentistry and Public Health.Four hundred and fifty eight undergraduate students, with a mean age of 23.7 years (17-46, S.D. 4.1), of whom 236 (51.5%) were male.Presence of ADHD symptoms as measured by the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS versus 1.1).The prevalence rate of self-reported ADHD symptoms was 21.8%. This was significantly associated with belonging to a younger age-group (17-20 years) compared to the older age-groups (p<0.05). The prevalence was higher among females (25.2%) than among males (18.6%), but this was not statistically significant. There was no significant association between a positive ASRS screen and course of study. Using a modification of ASRS full symptom checklist to approximate a DSM IV TR ADHD diagnosis yielded a prevalence of ADHD symptoms of 9.2% in this cohort.The prevalence rate of ADHD symptoms among university students in Eldoret, Kenya is significantly higher than that reported in other studies. Further studies are needed to generate more information about this condition in the low-income countries, especially in college and university populations.
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Why Does the Productivity of Education Vary Across Individuals in Egypt? Firm Size, Gender, and Access to Technology as Sources of Heterogeneity in Returns to Education - Herrera, Santiago; Badr, Karim (2011)
The paper estimates the rates of return to investment in education in Egypt, allowing for multiple sources of heterogeneity across individuals. The paper finds that, in the period 1998-2006, returns to education increased for workers with higher education, but fell for workers with intermediate education levels; the relative wage of illiterate workers also fell in the period. This change can be explained by supply and demand factors. On the supply side, the number workers with intermediate education, as well as illiterate ones, outpaced the growth of other categories joining the labor force during the decade. From the labor demand side, the Egyptian economy experienced a structural transformation by which sectors demanding higher-skilled labor, such as financial intermediation and communications, gained importance to the detriment of agriculture and construction, which demand lower-skilled workers. In Egypt, individuals are sorted into different educational tracks, creating the first source of heterogeneity: those that are sorted into the general secondary-university track have higher returns than those sorted into vocational training. Second, the paper finds that large-firm workers earn higher returns than small-firm workers. Third, females have larger returns to education. Female government workers earn similar wages as private sector female workers, while male workers in the private sector earn a premium of about 20 percent on average. This could lead to higher female reservation wages, which could explain why female unemployment rates are significantly higher than male unemployment rates. Formal workers earn higher rates of return to education than those in the informal sector, which did not happen a decade earlier. And finally, those individuals with access to technology (as proxied by personal computer ownership) have higher returns.
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Fit for purpose? The appropriate education of health professionals in South Africa - Burch, Vanessa; Reid, Steve (South African Medical Journal, 2011)
Sixty years ago Sidney and Emily Kark had a vision to make health care accessible to all South Africans, particularly those in rural and under-served areas. They established a comprehensive primary health care model that was replicated in over 40 rural communities before the apartheid government abolished their plan. In the light of these historic initiatives, what have health sciences training institutions achieved in the past 50 years to address the health care priorities of South Africans who are most in need?
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Postgraduate palliative care education: Evaluation of a South African programme - Ens, Carla; Chochinov, Harvey Max; Gwyther, Elizabeth; Moses, Stephen; Jackson, Catherine A.; Thompson, Genevieve; Harding, Richard (South African Medical Journal, 2011)
We aimed to assess the postgraduate palliative care distance education programme of the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of its perceived ability to influence palliative care delivery.A mixed-methods approach, consisting of two surveys using open-ended and multiple-choice options, was conducted from January to December 2007 at the UCT School of Public Health and Family Medicine. All students registered in the programme from 2000 - 2007 were invited to participate; 83 (66.4% of all eligible participants) completed the general survey, and 41 (65.7%) of the programme's graduates completed the graduate survey. The survey scores and open-ended data were triangulated to evaluate UCT's palliative care postgraduate programme.General survey scores of graduates were significantly higher in 5 of the 6 categories in comparison with current students. The graduate survey indicated that curriculum and teaching strengths were in communication and dealing with challenging encounters. Graduates also stressed the need to develop a curriculum that incorporated a practical component.In addition to current postgraduate training, palliative care education in South Africa should be extended to undergraduate medical students, as the benefits of UCT's programme were limited to a small cohort of practitioners.
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The effectiveness of ethno-science based strategies in drought mitigation In Mberengwa district of southern Zimbabwe - Jerie, Steven; Matanga, E. (UNISWA Journal of Agriculture, 2011)
The imbalance between ethno-science and techno-science mechanisms in coping with drought, accompanied by overdependence on external relief and food aid was a motivating factor for this research. The sought to identify and assess the indigenous knowledge based drought coping strategies being practised in Mberengwa District in Southern Zimbabwe. This was a case study in which both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques were used. Data collection was done through questionnaires administered to a sample of one hundred and seven household heads constituting both male and female respondents. Focus group discussions were administered to communal farmers from all parts of the study area and three AREX officers operating in the ward were interviewed. Field observations were also carried out to complement other data collection instruments. A variety of ethno-science based drought coping strategies were being implemented in Chingechuru ward and the major ones were multiple cropping, early planting, planting drought tolerant crops, basin tillage, transhumance movement, supplementary feeding, destocking, deep welling, barter trade, selling/hired labour and begging. Barter trade was the most widely implemented strategy at a rate of 66%, followed by multiple cropping (62.8%). The least implemented were basin tillage (15.8%) and abiding to traditional leaders’ advice (16.1%). Most of the ethno-science based drought coping strategies were effective, but this was hindered by low levels of implementation. Early planting, basin tillage, multiple cropping of drought tolerant crops and maintenance of controlled granaries were recommended in order to deal with the adverse impact of drought. Further research should focus on devising methods that can be used to increase the levels of implementation of ethno-science based drought coping strategies in conjunction with techno-science based drought coping strategies.
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Effectiveness of a School-Based Deworming Campaign in Rural Kenya - Peterson, Laura S.; Ondiek, Michael; Oludhe, Denis O.; Naul, Brett A.; Vermund, Sten H. (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2011)
In 2007, the rate of intestinal helminth infection in primary school-aged children in a rural village in Southwestern Kenya was estimated to be at least 68%, based on direct stool smear. Since the 2007 survey, these same school children have been treated with 400-mg albendazole every 3 months. We repeated a cross-sectional stool survey in the same area in 2010 (i.e. 3 years later) to estimate the current parasite prevalence. While only 44.5% of children were infected in 2010, the decline was not as marked as one might expect from a well-managed quarterly deworming campaign. Due to the relative insensitivity of the technique utilized here-the direct smear examination of a single stool sample-we were only able to identify heavy infections, and the true rate of parasitism is likely much higher, suggesting heavy environmental contamination and rapid re-infection rates. Community education and sanitation improvements are needed for more definitive impact.
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Ecological determinants of blindness in Nigeria: The Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey - Rabiu, Mansur; Murthy, Gudlavalleti V S; Gilbert, Clare; Selvaraj, Sudhakar; Kyari, Fatima; Abubakar, Tafida (South African Medical Journal, 2011)
Objective. To determine the prevalence and causes of visual loss in different ecological zones across Nigeria. Methods. A population-based survey using multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size comprising a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥40 years from six ecological zones. Outcome measures. Distance vision was measured using reduced logMAR charts. Clinical examination included basic eye examination for all respondents and a detailed examination including visual fields, gonioscopy and fundus photography for those who were visually impaired or blind (i.e. presenting vision <20/40 in the better eye). A principal cause of visual loss was assigned to all respondents with presenting vision <20/40 in the better eye. Results. A total of 15 122 persons aged ≥40 years were enumerated, 13 599 (89.9%) of whom were examined. The prevalence of blindness varied according to ecological zone, being highest in the Sahel region (6.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2 - 10.4) and lowest in the rain forest region (3.23%; 95% CI 2.6 - 3.9). Age/gender-adjusted analyses showed that risk of blindness was highest in Sahel (odds ratio (OR) 3.4; 95% CI 2.1 - 5.8). More than 80% of blindness in all ecological regions was avoidable. Trachoma was a significant cause only in the Sudan savannah belt. The prevalence of all major blinding conditions was highest in the Sahel. Conclusions. The findings of this national survey may be applicable to other countries in West and Central Africa that share similar ecological zones. Onchocerciasis and trachoma are not major causes of blindness in Nigeria, possibly reflecting successful control efforts for both these neglected tropical diseases.
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Democratic Citizenship Education: A qualitative research journey in Zimbabwe - Tshabangu, Icarbord (2011)
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Micro‐analysis of mother's education and child mortality: Evidence from Uganda - Bbaale, Edward; Buyinza, Faisal (Journal of International Development, 2011)
Abstract We use maximum likelihood models to analyse the impact of mother's education on infant and child mortality in Uganda. The data were obtained from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Our results confirm the hypothesis that mother's education is fundamental in reducing infant and child mortality. This suggests that efforts to reduce child mortality need to target measures that aim to educate women. The government programme to extend free education at the secondary level is therefore a commendable effort that needs to be strengthened. This therefore needs to be embraced by all stakeholders to encourage girls to attain education beyond secondary level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Call for Inputs: volume on climate change adaptation in Africa - Duchemin, Éric (2011)
The International Climate Change Information Programme (ICCIP- http://www.iccip.net) based at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, is currently finishing a volume on climate change adaptation in Africa. We are particularly interested in examples from mature, practice-oriented, field-based projects and warmly invite interested colleagues who have projects in advanced stages of execution, to contact us in order to discuss a possible input. The book is expected to be ready in the spring and l...
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The Impact of Globalisation on South African: Higher Education Institutions - Maharaj, Ashika (Delhi business review, 2011)
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Therapeutic window for ferulic acid protection against noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea pig - Fetoni, Anna Rita; Eramo, Sara Letizia Maria; Troiani, Diana; Paludetti, Gaetano (Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2011)
Conclusion: Our results are in agreement with the general idea that natural antioxidants achieve their best cytoprotective capacity if given before and soon after the stressor. Objective: We focused on ferulic acid (FA, 4-hydroxy 3-methoxycinnamic acid), a phenolic compound that is known to exhibit antioxidant properties. Our study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of FA for different schedules of treatment to establish the ‘therapeutic window’ for FA protection. Methods: Guinea pigs were exposed to acoustic trauma (6 kHz at 120 dB for 60 min) and received a total dose of 600 mg/kg of FA. Group I, noise control; group II, noise + FA (150 mg/kg) for 4 days starting 24 h post exposure; group III, noise + FA (60 mg/kg) 1 h before and 9 days post exposure; group IV, noise + FA (60 mg/kg) given 3 days before and 7 days post exposure; group V, noise + FA (150 mg/kg) 1 h before and 3 days post noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test and immunohistochemical and morphological studies were performed. Results: Group V had significantly decreased noise-induced hearing loss at day 21 from noise exposure. The improvement of auditory function by FA was paralleled by a significant reduction in oxidative stress marker. The other schedules of drug administration showed a minor degree of protection.
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Petrogenesis of Latest Miocene–Quaternary Continental Intraplate Volcanism along the Northern Dead Sea Fault System (Al Ghab–Homs Volcanic Field), Western Syria: Evidence for Lithosphere–Asthenosphere Interaction - S.-K., George; Malpas, John; Xenophontos, C.; Chan, Gavin H.-N. (Journal of Petrology, 2011)
Late Miocene to Quaternary intraplate basaltic volcanism in the Al Ghab and Homs regions, northwestern Syria (the Al Ghab volcanic group and the Homs volcanic group), occurred roughly synchronously with the propagation of the Dead Sea Fault System in these regions. Petrographic evidence as well as major and trace element variations suggest that the basalts have undergone varying amounts of crystal fractionation of olivine ± clinopyroxene ± spinel, with feldspar fractionation only in the most evolved samples. The major and trace element chemistry and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic variations of the basalts reflect both mantle source heterogeneity and relatively minor crustal contamination. Semi-quantitative assimilation–fractional crystallization modelling suggests that some samples may reflect assimilation of no more than 6% of upper continental crust, probably with Late Proterozoic Arabian Shield characteristics. Amongst the least crustally contaminated and relatively primitive samples, basanites are characterized by marked depletion of K, Rb and Zr relative to other neighbouring incompatible elements on primitive mantle normalized trace element diagrams. This, together with their low SiO2 and high TiO2 and Dy/Yb, is consistent with magma genesis involving a large proportion of garnet-bearing hornblendite or similar amphibole-rich metasomatic veins. Associated alkali and tholeiitic basalts with the higher SiO2, lower TiO2, less negative K, Rb and Zr anomalies, and moderately high Dy/Yb are consistent with melt extraction from a largely peridotitic mantle source. It is suggested that the compositional spectrum from basanite via alkali basalt to tholeiitic basalt can be explained by increasing degrees of metasomatic vein–wall-rock interaction, plus asthenospheric melt assimilation. In agreement with this is the identification of three distinct isotopic and chemical characteristics within the spectrum of mafic lavas, each of which can be referred to a unique mantle source (metasomatic vein, lithospheric wall-rock peridotite mantle and asthenospheric peridotite mantle). A decrease in eruption volume and increase in Si-undersaturation of the lavas from south (Homs) to north (Al Ghab) along the northern Dead Sea Fault System from latest Miocene to Quaternary times suggest a diminishing thermal perturbation and increasing importance of the amphibole-rich veins in magma genesis over time. It is proposed that the genesis of the oldest lavas reflects the arrival of asthenospheric melts beneath the Homs region, which with assimilation of lithospheric metasomatic veins and their wall-rocks produced the parental magmas of the Homs volcanic group. Subsequently, upwelling asthenospheric material could have been channelled northwards at the base of the lithosphere, presumably related to the northward propagation of the Dead Sea Fault System in the Pliocene. Cooling of this channelled asthenospheric material, which did not penetrate the lithosphere during this later period of magma genesis, provided the minimal thermal perturbation necessary for melting of amphibole-rich metasomatic veins and wall-rock peridotite within the lithosphere.
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Oxfam’s Somaliland-Ethiopia Cross Border Drought Preparedness Project - Bekele, Abay (2011)
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School of Nursing and Midwifery & Pre-Service Training on Nutrition, Hawassa University, Ethiopia - Dubi, Aweke Yilma (2011)
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Information Professionals as Agents for Promoting Entrepreneurship and Technology Education in Actualizing Vision 2020 for Nigeria - Eke, Helen; Igwesi, Uzoamaka; Orji, Dorothy Ijeoma (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2011)
Entrepreneurship and technology education are central issues in the present state of dwindling national economies. Information is the bedrock for national development, and information professionals are agents in using this information tool to promote entrepreneurship. This paper discusses the roles of Information professionals in promoting entrepreneurial and technology education to address the high rate of unemployment and declining economic state in Nigeria. The paper also highlights the concept of entrepreneurship and technology education in Nigeria, information professionals and technology education enhancement, actualizing vision 2020 as a road map for transforming Nigeria into an economic giant.
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The Dilemma of Minerals Dependent Economy: The case of Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Nigeria - Gogo, Kato (2011)
This study empirically investigates the causal relationship between mineral exploration and environmental pollution in Nigeria with specific focus on natural gas and crude oil in the Niger Delta region. The model of Granger causality tests was used. Quarterly data covering 2008 and 2009 were used in accordance with the Akaike (1976) minimum lag length of time-series analysis. The ADF unit root tests show that the null hypothesis of a unit root is rejected and, the KPSS stationary test result accepts the null hypothesis of stationarity implying that the variables are fit for the purpose of Granger causality analysis. The test for cointegration show that the variables are cointegrated at the trace level; this imply that gas flaring, environmental pollution and foreign direct investment are statistically linked. The regression on the ordinary least squares illustrates that the impact of oil and natural gas exploration on the Nigerian environment is persistent in the long-run. The Granger-causality test result shows that there is one-way causality flowing from the flaring of gas by the foreign firms to the environmental pollution in Nigeria. The study finds a long-run uni-directional causal relationship flowing from mineral exploration to air, soil and water pollution.
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Millennium development goal 6 and HIV infection in Zambia: what can we learn from successive household surveys? - Kandala, Ngianga‐Bakwin; Brodish, Paul; Buckner, B; Foster, Susan D.; Madise, Nyovani (AIDS, 2011)
Background: Geographic location represents an ecological measure of HIV status and is a strong predictor of HIV prevalence. Given the complex nature of location effects, there is limited understanding of their impact on policies to reduce HIV prevalence. Methods: Participants were 3949 and 10 874 respondents from two consecutive Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys from 2001/2007 (mean age for men and women: 30.3 and 27.7 years, HIV prevalence 14.3% in 2001/2002; 30.3 and 28.0 years, HIV prevalence of 14.7% in 2007). A Bayesian geo-additive mixed model based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques was used to map the change in the spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS prevalence at the provincial level during the 6-year period, accounting for important risk factors. Results: Overall HIV/AIDS prevalence changed little over the 6-year period, but the mapping of residual spatial effects at the provincial level suggested different regional patterns. A pronounced change in odds ratios in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces in 2001/2002 and in Lusaka and Central provinces in 2007 was observed following adjustment for spatial autocorrelation. Western province went from a lower prevalence area in 2001 (13.4%) to a higher prevalence area in 2007 (17.3%). Southern province went from the highest prevalence area in 2001 (17.3%) to a lower prevalence area in 2007 (15.9%). Conclusion: Findings from two consecutive surveys corroborate the Zambian government's effort to achieve Millennium Developing Goal (MDG) 6. The novel finding of increased prevalence in Western province warrants further investigation. Spatially adjusted provincial-level HIV/AIDS prevalence maps are a useful tool for informing policies to achieve MDG 6 in Zambia.
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The Dilemma of Minerals Dependent Economy: The case of Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Nigeria - Kingston, Kato Gogo (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
This study empirically investigates the causal relationship between mineral exploration and environmental pollution in Nigeria with specific focus on natural gas and crude oil in Niger Delta region. The model of Granger causality tests was used. Quarterly data covering 2008 and 2009 were used in accordance with the Akaike (1976) minimum lag length for time-series analysis. The ADF unit root tests show that the null hypothesis of unit root is rejected and, the KPSS test result accepts the null hypothesis of stationarity implying that the variables are fit for the purpose of Granger causality analysis. The test for cointegration show that the variables are cointegrated at the trace level; this imply that gas flaring, environmental pollution and foreign direct investment are statistically linked. The regression on the ordinary least square illustrates that the impact of oil and natural gas exploration on the Nigerian environment is persistent in the long-run. The Granger-causality test result shows that there is one-way causality flowing from the flaring of gas by the foreign firms to the environmental pollution in Nigeria. The study finds a long-run uni-directional causal relationship flowing from mineral exploration to air, soil and water pollution.
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Effect of heading on some micronutrients, anti-nutrients and toxic substances in Amaranthus cruentus grown in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria | Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Open Education Resources (OER) - Musa, Amanabo; Oladiran, Johnson A.; Ezenwa, Matthew I. S.; Akanya, Helmina O.; Ogbadoyi, Emmanuel O. (2011)
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A Study of Early Literacy Classroom Interaction in Rural Tanzania: Cases of Ruvuma and Coast Regions (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
The main aim of any student who learns a foreign language is ultimately to be able to communicate with people speaking that language. The paper presents some of the difficulties the learners encounter in a foreign language. The teacher has to use different types of communication strategies and encourage the sense of responsibility on the part of the learners who understand the strategies they employ in acquiring the language skills. The learners need adequate opportunities to put the new language into practice in a free context, and to take more risks in dealing with it. They should become active, confident, proficient and autonomous communicators
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Access to Environmental Justice in Oil Pollution and Gas Flaring Cases as a Human Right Issue in Nigeria (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
Nigeria, the most populous nation in black Africa, rich in oil and gas reserves but underdeveloped has her own share of environmental problems which justify local and international attention. In terms of Nigeria’s environmental problems, the four broad issues being accorded highest priority are the following:1. Ensuring sustainable industrial production: With the exception of the petroleum industry, most industries do not have waste treatment systems. The few treatment plants that do exist either are not functioning as a result of over use or lack of proper servicing or are unable to cope with the vast amounts and types of industrial effluents passing through them. The real challenges of industrial pollution can be identified thus: (a) air pollution (gas or particle emissions), especially from the cement, steel and asbestos industries; (b) land and water pollution -- effluent discharged onto land and into water has become a great concern, particularly in view of the epidemic tendencies of such pollution. The pharmaceutical, chemical, textile, food processing and oil industries are the major polluters; and (c) noise pollution.2. Preventing and reversing desertification: Nigeria has lost about 351000 square kilometres of its land to the desert, and the desert is advancing at a yearly rate of 0.6 kilometres. Desertification is the most important problem for northern Nigeria. Entire settlements, and in some cases major access roads, were buried by sand dunes in some parts of the north quite recently.3. Managing forest, wildlife and natural resources: Deforestation and loss of wildlife resources are problems throughout the nation. Deforestation affects timber production and the production of non-wood products (such as medicines, food and paper) that are obtained from the wood. There has been a ban on the export of wood obtained from natural forest since 1976, but much of the deforestation that occurs is the result of using wood for domestic purposes.Hunting is a major cause of loss of wildlife. There is a need to protect wildlife and biodiversity by specifically providing for the protection of certain species and areas that are of scientific, recreational or aesthetic value.4. Combating floods and inland and coastal erosion: Nigeria’s coastal resources have been greatly damaged by erosion and this has had severe financial consequences. Research into methods of controlling floods and erosion is being promoted. The need to use law as a vehicle in the regulation, management and protection of the environment has thus become paramount. The importance of the environment to humankind, the consumer of the environment cannot be over emphasized. In view of the fact that the environment is a major source of national and international development, it must be protected from pollution, degradation or damage. Since a pollution of the environment could result in its decay, which will ultimately affect meaningful social and economic development as well as the quality of life of humankind and other species of biodiversity, environmental law prescribes litigation to protect and preserve the environment from any misuse, abuse or destruction. And this is made possible by the law in the light of the violatory provisions of the municipal jurisprudence, coupled with the array of multilateral environmental treaties and rules of international law. Aggrieved parties therefore resort to environmental litigation in accordance with the procedure laid down by law. It is through litigation that courts enjoy their unique role in upholding the environmental rule of law.It is against this background that this paper seeks to realize the following objectives: 1. To examine the nature and scope of access to environmental Justice; 2. To analyze the liability regime in oil pollution and the role of the Judiciary in promoting the rule of law in regard to principle;3. To determine the nature of environmental litigation;4. To examine judicial approach to some of the common problems that arise in the different types of environmental litigation, including issues of locus standing, representative suit, jurisdiction, burden of proof and judicial remedies;5. To highlight the trend in public interest litigation in other jurisdictions;6. To conclude with some recommendations.
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African Journal of Chemical Education (Chemistry international (Print), 2011)
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ALGERIA – AFRICOM, US: Anti‐terrorism Training (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2011)
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 47, Issue 12 p. 18666A-18667A ALGERIA – AFRICOM, US: Anti-terrorism Training First published: 02 February 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2011.03634.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue12January 2011Pages 18666A-18667A RelatedInformation
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Disability and barriers in Kenya (2011)
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Disability and social suffering in Zimbabwe (2011)
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Education and Development in Zimbabwe (2011)
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Financing Education in sub-Saharan Africa : Meeting the Challenges of Expansion, Equity and Quality (2011)
The GER includes under-and over-age children who may
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International climate-change meeting opens in South Africa (Physics Today, 2011)
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Monitoring Amiodarone Therapy In Cardiac Arrthythmias In The Intensive Care Unit Of A Teaching Hospital In Ghana (The Internet Journal of Cardiology, 2011)
Amiodarone hydrochloride, an iodinated benzofuran derivative, is recognized for its antiarrhythmic properties in treating both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, and for converting atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm and maintaining sinus rhythm. Amiodarone has unusual and complicated pharmacokinetics: it is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and bioavailability is very variable, around 20-80%. Its major metabolite is desethylamiodarone which is pharmacologically active. Amiodarone is one of the most widely used antiarrhymic medications but in spite of its usefulness amiodarone may have numerous and sometimes lethal side effects and the patient should be counseled on both the minor and serious adverse effects that are possible when taking this antiarrhythmic drug. The properties of amiodarone differ in a significant manner electrophysiological, pharmacokinetically and structurally from those of conventional as well as other investigational antiarrthytmic agents. The unique mechanism of action and the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone and how these factors impact adverse reactions and adhering to the recommended monitoring procedures and thereby providing effective patients counseling form the objectives of this article.
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“No disabled can go here…”: how education affects disability and poverty in Malawi (2011)
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Oh, to be a Europen! What did Rastko Petrović learn in Africa? (2011)
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One Classroom, Seven Grades and Three Teachers: Challenges Faced by a Novice Headteacher in Tanzania (2011)
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Race and the Education of African Americans (2011)
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Social inclusion of people with disabilities in poverty reduction policies and instruments: initial impressions from Malawi and Uganda (2011)
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Socio-Economic Differentials In Height, Weight And Body Mass Index Of School Adolescents In Nnewi, South-Eastern Nigeria (The Internet journal of biological anthropology, 2011)
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SOMALIA: Military Training (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2011)
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 47, Issue 12 p. 18668A-18669A SOMALIA: Military Training First published: 02 February 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2011.03638.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue12January 2011Pages 18668A-18669A RelatedInformation
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The Epidemiology of Haematological Malignancies at the University Of Benin Teaching Hospital: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study. (The Internet Journal of Epidemiology, 2011)
Background: Haematological malignancies comprise a collection of heterogeneous mitotic conditions, all originating from cells of the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Niger delta region of Nigeria, a region noted for its high petrochemical activities. The burden of these malignancies has not been evaluated in this region and there is limited data on the epidemiology of these malignancies in Nigeria.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of haematological malignancies, in terms of sex, age, marital status, educational background, occupation, tribe, residence, and place of origin of the patients and to determine the incidence, and prevalence rates of the various haematological malignancies.Materials and Methods: A total of four hundred and twelve (412) case notes of all patients with the diagnosis of haematological malignancies over a ten-year period (January 1999 to December 2008) were reviewed. Demographic features and the number of the various types of malignancies were extracted and analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 15.Results: Result showed that haematological malignancies accounted for 17.4% of all malignancies seen in the study area within the study period. They were significantly more common among the males, the adults, the married, the educated, the unemployed patients and the Bini tribe. The average incidence rate of haematological
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The relationship between climate change and famine in Africa (Physics Today, 2011)
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The role of forms of family capital in children's engagement with primary school: Implications for poverty alleviation through education in Tanzania (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
Dry-fermented sausages (DFSs) have been linked to several serious foodborne outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The ability of pathogens to utilize adaptive responses to different stressful conditions intended to control their growth in foods, food preparation and production processes may enhance their survival. In certain cases, induced tolerance to one type of stress may lead to enhanced resistance to the applied stress as well as to other stresses. We exposed two EHEC strains, MF3582 of serotype O157:H − and MF5554 of serogroup O145, to different stresses commonly encountered during a production process. The two EHEC strains, previously shown to have different abilities to survive DFS production process conditions, were subjected to low temperatures (4 °C and 12 °C), 5% NaCl or 1% lactic acid for 6 days prior to being added to sausage batters. Survival of EHEC was recorded in salami of two recipes, fermented at two temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C). The results showed that recipe type had the largest impact on EHEC reductions where Moderate recipe (MR) salami batters containing increased levels of NaCl, glucose and NaNO2 provided enhanced EHEC reductions in salami (2.6 log10) compared to Standard recipe (SR) salami (1.7 log10). Effects of pre-exposure stresses were dependent both on strain and recipe. While acid adaptation of MF5554 provided enhanced log10 reductions from 2.0 to 3.0 in MR sausages, adaptation to a combination of acid and salt stress showed the opposite effect in SR sausages with reductions of only 1.1 log10 as compared to the average of 1.8 log10 for the other SR sausages. Otherwise, the salt and acid adaptation single stresses had relatively small effects on EHEC survival through the DFS production process and subsequent storage and freeze/thaw treatments. Growing cells and cells frozen in batter survived poorly in MR sausages with an average reduction of 3.4 and 3.2 log10, respectively. The reductions of EHEC after storage of DFS increased with higher temperature and storage time. Up to 3.7 log10 additional reduction was obtained when MF3582 was stored for 2 months at 20 °C. In conclusion, adaptation of EHEC to acid, salt and low temperatures prior to being introduced in a DFS production process has limited, but strain dependent effects on EHEC reductions. Producers should avoid conditions leading to acid and salt adapted cells that can contaminate the sausage batter. Recipe parameters had the largest impact on EHEC reductions while storage at 20 °C is effective for enhanced reductions in finished products.
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Training Workshop for Traditional Birth Attendants at Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria; A Community Development Service at Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria (The Internet journal of tropical medicine, 2011)
A significant proportion of births in Nigeria still occur in the homes of traditional birth attendants (TBA) . Recent studies have revealed many complicated cases of obstructed labour from TBAs. TBAs are popular in developing countries. They lack formal education or medical training and some of their clients end up with obstetric complications, which may lead to severe maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Women in the developing world are forty times more likely to die from pregnancy related complications than women living in the industrial world. More than 90% of maternal deaths occur in low income countries where others factors may contribute to the presence of severe postpartum haemorrhage. Most deliveries in Nigeria still occur in the homes of traditional birth attendants. Increased community awareness, promotion of appropriate technology, effective health care, planning starting from the grassroots levels to tertiary levels establishment of a streamlined and effective referral system will help reduce maternal mortality from obstetric emergencies reducing maternal morbidity and mortality are among the key international development goals.
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USING ICT AND SERVICE LEARNING IN RURAL SENEGAL PROJECT FUNDED BY USAID/HED (Issues in information systems, 2011)
In 2010, Fairfield University received a three-year grant from the
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“We too are disabled”: disability grants and poverty politics in rural South Africa (2011)
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Where culture really matters: disability and well-being in Yemen (2011)
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Clinical correlate of tuberculosis in HIV co-infected children at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria - Aa, Okechukwu; Oi, Okechukwu (Nigerian journal of clinical practice (Online), 2011)
Tuberculosis (TB) co-infection with HIV is becoming a global emergency especially in the sub-Saharan Africa. Its diagnosis is notoriously challenging in countries with poor resource settings with limited diagnostic facilities.To determine the prevalence, pattern, outcome, and clinical risk factors of TB in HIV co-infected children in Abuja, Nigeria.An 18 months retrospective review of HIV-infected children diagnosed as having co-infection with TB was carried out at the special treatment clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, from February 2007 to August 2008 for the above objectives.Of a total 210 HIV-infected children observed during the review period, 41 (19.5%) were diagnosed as having co-existing TB. Their mean age, weight, CD4 cell count and its percentage were 6.3 ± 2.4 years, 14.3 ± 3.4 kg, 262 ± 28.0 cells/ml, and 9.9%, respectively. Pulmonary TB accounted for 59% of all TB cases seen, while disseminated form was seen in 26.8%. Bone involvement was the least common form seen in only (2.4%) of cases. Confirmation of TB was only possible by positive smear and histology in 22.0% of cases, while 78.0% of cases remained unconfirmed. Co-infection was significantly higher in older children (>5 years) than in younger children <5 years (32 vs 9, P < 0.05). Severe weight loss was the only clinical feature found to have a fairly good sensitivity (88.9%) and specificity (88.6%) for TB in co-infected children, with a positive predictive value of 23.0%. While immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) occurred in 2 (4.9%) of the patients, only one death (2.4%) was recorded among the co-infected children.TB co-infection with HIV in children is common in this environment. Severe weight loss can be used as a clinical guide to identify HIV-infected children at risk of co-infection with TB who will require further evaluation.
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Ophthalmologic abnormalities among deaf students in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria - Abah, ER; Oladigbolu, Kehinde; Samaila, Elsie; Merali, Hasan S.; Ahmed, Abdulazeez; Abubakar, TH (Annals of African medicine, 2011)
The association between deafness and ocular problems is well established; however the nature and prevalence of these problems are diverse across the globe.The aim of this study is to determine the nature and prevalence of ophthalmologic abnormalities in deaf students and offer treatment to those with remediable conditions.Six hundred and twenty deaf students aged between 5 and 38 years were examined in a school for the deaf.One hundred and thirty (20.9%) had some form of ophthalmologic abnormality. Some had anterior segment abnormalities such as corneal opacities (0.5%) and allergic conjunctivitis (3.4%) while others had posterior segment abnormalities like optic atrophy (0.3%), Waardenburg syndrome (0.6%) and Ushers syndrome (0.6%). Refractive error was the most common (7.9%).Since these deaf students use their sight to compensate for the deafness, routine ophthalmologic examination should be carried out on them so that ophthalmologic abnormalities are detected early and treatment offered for remediable diseases.
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A comparative study of aggression amongst Nigerian University students in Niger Delta region - Abasiubong, Festus; Abiola, Tajudeen; Udofia, Owoidoho (Psychology, Health & Medicine, 2011)
There is genuine concern over social violence and aggression among youths in many countries. Despite considerable efforts directed toward molding the pattern of model behavior, frequent disturbances and various antisocial vices among youths in our environment may be due to failure to acknowledge the risk factors associated with aggression. The objective of this study was to assess the level of aggressive traits among students in higher institutions, as well as identifying the possible predictive factors. Using a two-stage random sampling method, 515 fifteen students, comprising 306 from arts and 209 from medicine faculties, University of Uyo were screened for aggressive traits; using Buss-Perry Aggression (BPAQ) Questionnaire. A total of 306 arts students and 209 medical students fully completed the questionnaire. Among the arts students, 127 (41.5%) were males and 179 (58.5%) females. Similarly, of the 209 medical students, 143 (68.4%) were males and 66 (31.6%) females. The mean age for arts students was 28.7 years (SD = 7.9); while that of medical students was 23.6 years (SD = 4.9). The difference in the mean was statistically significant (t = 8.15, P = 0.001). A total of 139 (45 .4%) of arts students showed abnormal overall score for aggression as against 74 (35.4%) of medical students. This difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.139, P = 0.01). There was also significant difference in the physical and verbal aggression subscales as 123 (40.2%) of arts against 53 (25.4%) medical students showed physical aggression (χ2 = 12.15, P = 0.001), while 82 (26.8%) against 109 (52.2%) showed verbal aggression (χ2 = 34.218, P = 0.001). Verbal aggression was positively correlated with female students; males have 2.98 odds ratio of being aggressive (P = 0.001). There is a high level of aggressive traits among students in higher institutions of learning. This can manifest in behaviors and vices capable of disturbing public peace and academic activities in schools. Therefore, there is need to curb aggression in order to create conducive learning environment and maintain societal norms.
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Gender Differences in Attitude to Use of Condom and Sexual Practices among Higher School Students in Nigeria. - Abasiubong, Festus; Udoh, Sunday Bassey; Ntuk, Edem A; Ekanem, Uwemedimbuk Smart; Etukumana, EA (TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 2011)
SUMMARY AIM: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common among college students. Evidence suggests there may be increasing trend in females. This study assesses the differences in attitude to use of condom to determine the risk of infections among students. METHOD: A total of 880 students from College of Education Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were assessed for attitude to the use of condom and relative risk of STIs, using the Sexual Risk Questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age for males was 22.4 ± 4.7 years and females 21.9 ± 5.5 years. There were variable attitudes to the use of condom among students; 24.2% males and 21.9% females were used to unsafe sex with 1.105 (RR) of STIs at 95% CI; 34.7% against 27.4 % who were of the same HIV status had 1.179 (RR) at 95% CI; while 44.7% against 37.9% who claimed to be enjoying sex without condom had 1.132 (RR). The difference in relative risk of STIs was statistically significant in 29.4% of males and 32.0% of females who were pressured by partners not to use condom (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Condom use is influenced by sexual practices. Negative attitude leading to its neglect encourages sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS among students. There is need for attitudinal change in order to control STIs in our environment
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ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF THE TECHNICAL COLLEGE TEACHERS IN NIGERIA - Abassah, Miller (2011)
This paper is centered on the problems and prospects of the technical college teacher in Nigeria it explicates the relevance of technical education programme The paper recognizes the implications of the National Policy on Education (NPE) for technical (technological) education, the new curriculum development by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), the changing business and technology environment, the personal, professional and public image of the technical teachers. the teachers of technology have certain peculiarities which must be taken care of. before they can effectively carry out their professional roles. the paper craves the indulgence of federal and state governments as well as private organizations to support the technical programmes at all levels of educational system, that is, the aspect of funding, provision of infrastructure, training materials, motivation, in-service training and knowledge update among other things.
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Education in the Arab world and Africa - Abbas, Tahir (2011)
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Water Quality in Developing Countries, South Asia, South Africa, Water Quality Management and Activities that Cause Water Pollution - Abbaspour, Somaya (2011)
Water is the most abundant chemical in the human body and plays a central role in the regulation of nutrient transport, toxic waste removal, thermal regulation, digestion, and organ functioning. About 55-65% of the human body weight comes from water. To maintain optimal health, the Institute of Medicine advises that men consume roughly 3.7 liters (about 16 cups) of total water a day and women consume 2.7 liters (about 12 cups) of total water a day. So water quality should be grow faster day by day in order to maintain people 's health. Protecting water quality is a top environmental priority as we approach the twenty-first century. There are many water quality problems in both developing and developed countries. Of all the environmental concerns that developing countries face, the lack of adequate water of good quality is probably the most serious. The sustainable management of water quality has policy, technical, institutional and financial components. In many developing countries restricted funding is usually combined with fragile or unstable institutions and limited technical capabilities to deal with an expanding range of water quality problems. At the technical level, there has been great progress in western nations in developing more cost- effective monitoring, analytical protocols, and assessment methods. This flows not only from better scientific knowledge, but also from recognition that conventional monitoring programs are inefficient, expensive, and often not very useful. Regrettably, financial institutions and ODA programs tend to reinforce conventional approaches in developing countries with the result that these countries have little opportunity to develop a new, more appropriate and more sustainable data paradigm. In lesser developed countries where public health is the major concern, the traditional model of a centralized monitoring program often does not work, suggesting that a new model of decentralized community-based monitoring would be more effective. All waters contain dissolved salts and trace elements, many of which result from the natural weathering of the earth's surface. In addition, drainage waters from irrigated lands and effluent from city sewage and industrial waste water can impact water quality.
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The role of the health system in the prevention of hearing loss among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Abdalla, Fayrouz; Omar, Mahmoud A. (PubMed, 2011)
Around 1.2 million children living in Sub-Saharan Africa have a hearing impairment (HI) or hearing loss (HL). Limited attention and scarce resources dedicated to this condition means that such children often receive no management for their problem. This has substantial negative effects on their development, and ultimately results in poverty. Half of the number of cases of HI in such countries results from preventable causes. Formulation of effective prevention strategies to address the causes requires an understanding of the factors that lead to the causes of HI in Sub-Saharan Africa. A number of preventable causes were shown to significantly contribute to the prevalence of HI. The most significant causes include perinatal problems, middle ear problems, infective diseases, and ototoxic drugs. These causes persist because there are few effective prevention strategies in place, and those which exist are poorly implemented. There is little public and health care worker awareness about HL and its prevention. Few resources are allocated to the prevention of HL, meaning that these issues are not addressed. Evidence have shown that current failings in the prevention of HI from such causes include widespread limited resources, inadequate staff training, and absent or ineffectual prevention guidelines. The burden of HL has been shown to be significantly reduced through effective prevention strategies, both in the developed and developing world, justifying the need for increased attention and more resources in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Climate change: selection of sorghum genotype with wide adaptation, AG-17, for rain-fed areas of Sudan. - Abdalla, Hassan Mohamed; Gamar, Yasir A. (International Journal of AgriScience, 2011)
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Teaching English as a Foreign Language from a New Literacy Perspective: A Guide for Egyptian EFL Student Teachers (Chapter One: Setting the Scene). - Abdallah, Mahmoud M. S. (2011)
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EDUCATION AND WOMEN'S LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES. A CASE STUDY OF EGYPT - Abdel‐Mowla, Somaya Ahmed Aly (ICERI2011 Proceedings, 2011)
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Early Marker for Renal Impairment and Angiopathy in Diabetic Egyptian Children - Abdel, Azza; Abdallah, Shaheed; El-Shamy, Karima Abbas; Morcos, William M.; Mikhail, Tahani H. (2011)
Background: Since diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for early onset of many complications (atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary heart disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy), there is therefore an essential need to know and understand more about the early detection of these complications in order to develop effective prevention strategies.Objective: The current work was carried out on type 1 diabetic children to investigate the level of retinol-binding-protein (RBP4) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) as an early marker for renal impairment and angiopathy. Methods: Forty-eight children (7-15 years) with type diabetes, 18 children with micro- albuminuria (MA + group) and 30 children were normoalbuminuria (MA - group) and these two groups are compared with 24 apparently healthy non-diabetic children. A comparative study was performed for these groups as regarded to the levels of RBP4, insulin, ET-1 and testosterone. Results: The high levels of serum and urine RBP4 in MA - (normoalbuminuria) type 1 diabetic children group, indicates that RBP4 could be an early marker for renal impairment even in the absence of renal impairment (MA). The significantly higher level of plasma ET-1 in MA - than in MA + diabetic group, may indicate that endothelial dysfunction, precedes the appearance of microabuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients, and could be used as an early marker for diabetic microangiopathy. Level of serum testosterone was significantly reduced in male diabetic children and showed direct correlation with age and insulin dose.Conclusion: (1) High levels of serum and urine RBP4 in MA + type 1 diabetic children groups, indicates that RBP4 (retinol binding protein) is an early marker for renal impairment even in the absence of MA; (2) The significantly higher level of plasma ET-1 (Endothelin-1) in MA + (normalalbuminurea) than in MA + (microalbuminurea) group, may indicate that endothelial dysfunction, precedes the appearance of microalbuminurea in type 1 diabetic patients, and could be used as an early marker for diabetic microangiopathy. In addition, no correlation was found between plasma ET-1 and both of serum insulin and insulin dose in the diabetic children; (3) Level of serum testosterone is reduced significantly in the diabetic children males and showed direct correlation with age and insulin dose. (Azza Abdel Shaheed Abdallah, Karima Abbas El-Shamy, William M. Morcos, Tahani Hanna Mikhail and Nevein Naim Fadl. Early Marker for Renal Impairment and Angiopathy in Diabetic Egyptian Children). Life Science Journal. 2011; 8(3):358-366) (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.
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PREVALENCE OF INCISION EXTENSION DURING CESAREAN SECTION AT THREE TEACHING HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA - Abdella, Ahmed; Tadesse, Lia (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 2011)
Abstract Background:  The most common major surgical procedure in obstetrics and gynecology in Cesarean Section (CS). Though advances in CS techniques, antibiotics, blood transfusion etc., have improved maternal and fetal outcomes. Cesarean delivery still poses higher maternal morbidity and mortality than vaginal delivery. One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in CS is intra-operative hemorrhage which is partly caused by uterine incision extension (IE). Objective: To determine the prevalence of uterine IE and assess factors associated with IE in CSs in three teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken from July 1 to August 30,2005 at three teaching hospital of Addis Ababa University. The data was entered and analyzed using EPI INFO statistical package, version 6. Main Results: There were 42(12.7%) IEs among the 332 CS. Second state of labor (n=14, 34.1%), low station (m=16, 30.7%), occipito-posterior position (n=15, 25.4%), prolonged labor (21, 20.4%), rupture of membrane (n=16, 28.6%), and dystocia (n=86, 25.9%) were found to have significantly higher IE prevalence. Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) due to tear of a vessel was seen in 33.3% of the IES. Even though the occurrence of IE was more common in those with emergency CS (13.4%), repeat CS (14.5%) and CS before term (16.7%) than elective (7.1%), primary (12.1%), and CS AT TERM (12.3%), respectively, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: IE is one major cause of intra-operative complications occurring in CS performed in the three teaching hospitals. In the presence of high risk factors (rupture of membranes, second stage of labor and low station of the presenting part), intra-operative complication should be anticipated and appropriate precautions made. Further studies are required to assess the long-term complications and better uterine incision techniques. Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 2011, 5(1):31-38
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Guidance and Counselling in Algeria: A Clarion Call for a Restructured Policy in Education - Abdellatif, Naouel (Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011)
Guidance and counselling for lifelong learning in Algeria has become a crucial question of social, economic and political importance that affects both the scope of training and the world of work. Guidance and Counselling are also major personal concerns for each person at different stages of their training and their personal life. Consequently, and in order to provide equality of opportunity, Algeria needs to develop professionals who can provide the appropriate guidance and counselling service to different audiences as to assist them in making the best life choices to suit them. This article will thus provide an opportunity to collate and compare the contributions of Algeria to the areas of guidance and counselling by fostering a multidisciplinary approach to orientation.
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he Algerian guidance and counselling policy with regard to the workplace reform in education - Abdellatif, Naouel (2011)
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Reaching Out and Partnering in the Sudan through Integrated Community-Oriented Teaching - Abdelrahman, Samira Hamid (Metropolitan Universities, 2011)
Community-university partnerships, if they are to be successful, must be firmly grounded in the context in which they take place. This paper describes the ways in which the University of Gezira in the Sudan from its very beginning was built on an understanding of rural communities. The university's Faculty of SaM edicine built its training around partnerships that expose students to a critical analysis of community health problems and shows them how those problems can be addressed through partnership. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for expanding this approach throughout a university.
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Determinants of the quality of Early childhood development education in Mandera Central District, Kenya - Abdirashid, Haji A (2011)
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Refractive errors in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria - Abdu, Lawan; Eme, Okpo (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2011)
The aim of the study is to retrospectively determine the pattern of refractive errors seen in the eye clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano-Nigeria from January to December, 2008.The clinic refraction register was used to retrieve the case folders of all patients refracted during the review period. Information extracted includes patient's age, sex, and types of refractive error. All patients had basic eye examination (to rule out other causes of subnormal vision) including intra ocular pressure measurement and streak retinoscopy at two third meter working distance. The final subjective refraction correction given to the patients was used to categorise the type of refractive error.Refractive errors was observed in 1584 patients and accounted for 26.9% of clinic attendance. There were more females than males (M: F=1.0: 1.2). The common types of refractive errors are presbyopia in 644 patients (40%), various types of astigmatism in 527 patients (33%), myopia in 216 patients (14%), hypermetropia in 171 patients (11%) and aphakia in 26 patients (2%).Refractive errors are common causes of presentation in the eye clinic. Identification and correction of refractive errors should be an integral part of eye care delivery.
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Addressing student learning barriers in developing nations with a novel hands-on ative pedagogy and miniaturized industrial process equipment: the case of Nigeria - Abdul, Bint; Wie, Bernard J. Van; Babauta, J.T.; Golter, Paul; Brown, Geoffrey; Bako, Raymond B.; Akmed, A.S.; Shide, A.S.; Anafi, Fatai O.; Olaofe, Olaejirinde Olaniyi (International Journal of Engineering Education, 2011)
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Requirement Model of School Management System for Adult Commercial Secondary School in Somalia (ACSSMS) - Abdullahi, Hussein (2011)
To develop a system, it is necessary for the system's analyst to provide a model. In order to produce this model, the analyst must identify the user’s requirement first. Requirement model is one of the techniques used to model out the user’s requirement for a specific system before the development of that system. In other words, requirement model gives a view of the user’s requirement for a particular system. The purpose of this study is to create a requirement model as a basis to develop school management system for Adult Commercial Secondary School in Somalia. So, during this study, the UML graphical notation was used to model out the requirement model of the proposed school management system, and the requirement model was designed and presented using different UML tools (e.g., use case diagram, use case specifications, activity diagram, sequence diagram, collaboration diagram and class diagram), and supporting textual information. Also, a small prototype was then developed and presented in this study, which covers some of the main functional requirements, so as to assist the school in managing their daily operations effectively and more efficiently. Thus, this study is believed to be a step forward and very crucial guidance for Adult School in Somalia to be able to give this model to system developers to build the proposed school management system.
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Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Disability and Functional Limitation among Elderly Rural Population in Nigeria - Abdulraheem, Issa; Oladipo, Aishat; Amodu, Mary Olubisi (Journal of aging research (Print), 2011)
Background. The number of people surviving into old age is increasing, and it has now become a global phenomenon. Studies on the prevalence and correlates of physical disability and functional limitation among elderly Nigerians are scanty. Methodology. This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 3 local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Functional limitations of 1824 elderly persons were tested using Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment tool (TPOMAT) and self-reported activities of daily living (ADL). ADL disability of ten, six, and five basic items were compared. Results. The prevalence ratios (PRs) of physical disability using the ten, six, and five basic ADL items were 28.3 (95% CI 25.2-31. 5), 15.7 (95% CI 13.4-19.8), and 12.1 (95% CI 9.8-15.3), respectively, while functional limitation was 22.5 (95% CI 18.1-24.4). Increased risk of disability was independently associated with female gender PR 3.6 (95% CI 1.5-7.4), advanced age ≥75 years; PR 22.2 (95% CI 14.5, 36.8), arthritis PR 3.7 (95% CI 2.6-4.6), stroke PR 4.8 (95% CI 3.7-7.9) and diabetes PR 6.1 (95% CI 4.3-7.1). Conclusions. The findings from this study are pointers to unmet needs of the elderly disabled Nigerians.
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Unequal Relations between Pygmies and Bantus: Discrimination and School Inequalities in Southern Cameroon - Abé, Claude (Autrepart, 2011)
This article examines disparities in access to school provision in terms of the reproduction of the dynamics that shape social order. This is a comparative study between two groups that coexist in the same space with different living conditions, the Pygmies and the Bantus of Kribi area in southern Cameroon. This work intends to seek the sociocultural and economic mechanisms involved in the reproduction and worsening of social inequalities, through the exclusion from enrolment of certain social groups or categories of the society. To do this, we used primary education as a framework for the study. Data collection is based on direct observation, documentary research, interviews and focus groups as well as targeted interviews.
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An assessment of soil heavy metal pollution by various allied artisans in automobile workshop in Osun State, Nigeria. - Abidemi, Olayiwola Olajumoke (Electronic journal of environmental, agricultural and food chemistry, 2011)
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in Teaching and Learning at the Pre-primary Level in Nigeria: The Role of the Teacher - Abidogun, Babajide Gboyega (The international journal of interdisciplinary social sciences, 2011)
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Exploring cultural resources as pedagogical tools for language education : a case of two primary schools in Uganda - Abiria, Doris Maandebo (2011)
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Pedagogical Appraisal of Internet and Computer Usage among Secondary School Teachers and Students in Southwestern Part of Nigeria - Aboderin, Olukayode Solomon; Fadare, Oluwaseun Gbenga; Lawal, Olusegun; Babatunde, Oluleye Hezekiah (2011)
ENGLISH/ ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ANGLAIS This survey investigated and appraised the use of internet and computer among secondary school teachers and students in Southwest Nigeria. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to 450 and 3000 randomly selected teachers and students respectively . Almost all the survey instruments were appropriately filled and were used for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The studies revealed that majority of the respondents are female. 41.1% and 55% of the teachers had access to internet and computer respectively, while 51% and 46.9% of the students had access to internet and computer respectively. In addition, majority of teachers surfed the net via school cybercafe while that of students were via internet enabled mobile phone. However, 38.7% and 64.5% of the respondents,(teachers and students), that had access to computer used their school computer laboratory accordingly. Very low indexes were recorded for variables that contributed to teaching and learning processes in the school. The rating results derived from summation of weighted values (SWV) all attested to this claim. The study concluded that the using of internet and computer had contributed to personal cognitive interests rather than enhancing the teaching and learning activities in secondary schools in southwest of Nigeria.
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Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Association with Obesity in Egyptian School Adolescents - Abolfotouh, Mostafa A.; Sallam, Sunny; Mohammed, Mohammed S.; Loutfy, Amany A.; Hasab, Ali (International Journal of Hypertension, 2011)
Aim. To investigate the relationship between high blood pressure (HBP) and obesity in Egyptian adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional study of 1500 adolescents (11-19 years) in Alexandria, Egypt, was conducted. Resting BP was measured and measurements were categorized using the 2004 fourth report on blood pressure screening recommendations. Additional measures included height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences. Obesity was determined based on BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) indicators. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of association between BP and obesity. Results. Prevalence rates of prehypertension and hypertension were 5.7% and 4.0%, respectively. Obesity was seen in 34.6%, 16.1%, 4.5%, and 16.7% according to BMI, WHR, WC, and WHtR, respectively. Adjusting for confounders, HBP was significantly associated with overall obesity based on BMI (OR = 2.18, 95%, CI = 1.38-3.44) and central obesity based on WC (OR = 3.14, 95%, CI = 1.67-5.94). Conclusion. Both overall obesity and central obesity were significant predictors of HBP in Egyptian adolescents.
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Education for Social Reconstruction: Implication for Sustainable Development in Nigeria - Aboluwodi, Akinjide (2011)
The paper examined the political climate in Nigeria, taking into consideration the current ethno-religious violence and its effects on the future of Nigeria. It traced the ethno-religious crises in Nigeria to the past political practice where party politics was anchored on ethnic affiliation. The paper argued that this ethnic affiliation derived its inspiration from the past political practice, namely, the promotion of ethnic consciousness, and religious consideration for public offices among others. This development had put Nigeria at the threshold of disintegration, hence the need for social reconstruction in order to achieve sustainable development. Therefore efforts at achieving reconstruction must be based on the promotion of social justice, fairness, equity, rule of law and critical thinking education, the only means by which individuals can be rational enough to reflect on their actions as they affect sustainable democratic culture in Nigeria. Key terms: Education, social reconstruction, sustainable development, ethno-religious, critical thinking education. 1. Introduction Nigeria has not been having it good since the end of the civil war of 1967-1970. The country has moved from one problem to the other giving room for fear that it may eventually crumble and cease to exist. Military politics in Nigeria began shortly after the Independence in 1960. This happened with the military intervention in politics in 1966, by a group of young officers of the Nigerian Army, five in number, who saw the nation heading for the abyss. As a result of the putsch Northern elements in the Army felt aggrieved because those who lost their lives in the coup were predominantly soldiers and civilians from the North. The action of the five majors was a reaction to the happenings in Western region where a state of emergency had been declared as a result of the crisis between Obafemi Awolowo, the Opposition leader, and Ladoke Akintola who was then the Premier of the region. This crisis in Western region was a manifestation of what Mustapha (2006:31) called “the twin struggle to control one‟s own region while fighting for a dominant role at the centre.” The failure of this first putsch intensified ethnic politics in Nigeria‟s political process, an issue that was later demonstrated in the subsequent military and civil administrations in Nigeria. When General Yakubu Gowon was overthrown the excuse for that (which invariably marked the beginning of military incursion into politics in Nigeria) was his unwillingness to live office, which he had earlier promised do by 1975. Since the first putsch which brought the Army into government, it has been a harvest of military administrations in Nigeria. This change in government was foreshadowed in the emergence of Gen. Muritala Mohammed who succeeded Gen Yakubu Gowon but was brutally murdered by some army elements from the North. He was succeeded by Gen Olusegun Obasanjo, a Yoruba officer from the south. Gen Obasanjo conducted elections in 1979 which brought in Alhaji Shehu Shagari, a civilian from the north as President of Nigeria. His administration was terminated by a group of army officers from the north. It was headed by Gen Muhammadu Buhari, an officer of northern extraction. Thus the botched electoral process which would have ushered in a civil administration in 1993 was still an attempt to maintain military relevance in Nigerian political landscape. The confusions that followed the failed electoral process gave birth to a civilian administration in 1999, clearly dictated by the military whims. The issue of ethno-religious crises vis-a-vis the future of Nigeria, political uncertainty and the fear that it may lead to disintegration seem to inform this paper. The paper is of the view that sustainable political culture, now a global initiative, may elude Nigeria, if the present political structure is not reconstructed. In other words, the current convulsive political process, from which ethno-religious crises have emerged need a regenerative process. The dwindling political fortune of the nation, if we still hope to achieve a sustainable democratic development, has to be reappraised.
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School Dropout among Nigerian Children: Some Proactive Strategies and Solutions - Abraham, Nathaniel M. (2011)
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HealthKick : evaluating the impact of a school-based intervention on the dietary adequacy of learners from low-income settings in the Western Cape Province, South Africa - Abrahams, Zulfa (2011)
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Empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis by Klebsiella : A Case study at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (Kath), Ghana - Acheampong, Desmond Omane; Feglo, Patrick Kwame (European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011)
The number of children dying from sepsis in the world has almost doubled in the past 20 years. This is most likely due to the increased number of patients who suffer sepsis. And this may be partly due to the fact that antimicrobial therapy in most developing countries including Ghana is mainly empirical due to a relative lack of appropriate laboratory facilities for culture and sensitivity of bacteria in several health facilities. This study aimed at determining the clinical effectiveness of empirical treatment for neonatal sepsis by Klebsiella at KATH. Eight hundred and two (802) blood specimens from children (in-patients) of age range 1day old to 2years old were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar and the isolates investigated. The isolates were identified to the species level using various biochemical tests. The antibiogram of the Klebsiella isolates were determined and compared with the empirical treatment of the patients in the hospital. Klebsiella species were recovered from 51 clinical samples (Prevalence of Klebsiella neonatal sepsis is 6.4%). Gentamicin was the most prescribed agent for the patients (38.7%), amikacin (10.7%), cefotaxime (9.3%), ceftriaxone (8%), chloramphenicol (5.3%), Cottrimoxazole (5.3%), cefuroxime (4%), Tetracycline (2.6%) and ampicillin (1.3%) for the empirical treatment. Intermediate antibiotic susceptibility pattern was shown by 9.8% of patient’s isolates. Also, 37.3% of patient’s isolates showed resistance to all the antibiotics used in the antibiotic susceptibility test. Antimicrobial susceptibility was shown by 36 of patient’s isolates representing 52.9%. Aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotics. And although empirical treatment is very relevant, it should be combined with laboratory antibiotic sensitivity testing for effective treatment of Klebsiella neonatal sepsis.
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Quality assurance strategies for user friendly school libraries in Nigeria - Achebe, N (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2011)
This paper examines the methods of school library services with the pll1pose to promote quality assurance in Nigeria school libraries. The recurring theme in this paper is the imperative that school libraries in Nigeria should be committed and contributed to the transformation agenda which is the key issues of equity and redress, quality, development, effectiveness and efficiency. Quality assurance in NPE 2004 and the minimum standards for school libraries in Nigeria (1992) should be seen simultaneously as objective of, and medium for transforming quality services in Nigerian school iibraries. Problems of the school librartes were stated, in this regard recommendations were made for the best way forward. Keywords : Quality assurance, User friendly school library, Nigeria.
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Attitudes of Librarians in Selected Nigerian Universities towards Digital Libraries in E-Learning - Achugbue, Edwin I.; Anie, Sylvester Ozioma (International journal of digital library systems (Online), 2011)
The attitude of librarians in Nigerian university libraries has the potential to encourage or discourage digital libraries in e-learning. This paper addresses and discusses the attitudes of librarians towards digital library in e-learning, the imperativeness of training and knowledge for effective functionality of digital libraries in Nigerian universities. The paper uses the descriptive survey method to explore the attitudes of librarians towards digital libraries, advantages of digital libraries, and the types of e-learning that can be supported by digital libraries. It was discovered that training and knowledge are sine qua non of a positive attitude towards digital libraries in e-learning. And there was a high interest in the use of online information by researchers and learners but lack of awareness and how best to integrate e-learning resources into digital libraries pose a great challenge to the librarians in Nigerian universities.Request access from your librarian to read this article's full text.
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PUBLIC AWARENESS AND QUALITY OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE IN GHANA: A LOGISTIC REGRESSION APPROACH - Acquah, Henry De-Graft (2011)
Public awareness and knowledge on climate change is crucial to combating climate change and related problems. Against this background, this study assesses the awareness and quality of knowledge regarding climate change in central Ghana. A survey of 78 randomly sampled respondents was conducted using a standard questionnaire. A well-structured interview schedule was the main tool of data collection while descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were the main analytical techniques. Empirical analysis revealed gaps in the level of awareness as well as limited knowledge on the causes and prevention of climate change. Logistic regression analysis finds gender, years of education and income as significant predictors of the awareness of the importance of climate change.
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Prevalence and co-infections of schistosomiasis/hepatitis B and C viruses among school children in an endemic areas in Taiz,Yemen - Adam, Adam; Al-Shamiri; Mohammed, Y A; Al-Taj; Ameera; Ahmed, C. M. Sabbir (亚太热带医药杂志：英文版, 2011)
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An investigation of the attitudes of South African Police Service management with respect to the viability of computer-assisted training in the Eastern Cape Province - Adams, Leinadu (2011)
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Exploring First Generation African American Graduate Students: Motivating Factors for Pursuing a Doctoral Degree. - Adams, Stephanie G. (2011)
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Challanges encountered by head teachers in implementing subsidized day secondary education (FDSE) in Wajir District, Kenya - Adan, Abass M (2011)
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LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE LEARNING AND PRACTICE IN NIGERIA: TRENDS AND ISSUES - Adbdullahi, Yau A.; Yunus, Kamal Sali; Garta, Haruna Hamman (2011)
The paper discusses the emerging trends in both the profession and practice of modern day librarianship; recognizing that at the core of the information profession today are those saddled with the responsibility of managing the acquisition, organization and dissemination of information to an identifiable group of users. It traces the origin of library and information science education in Nigeria, underscoring the apparent proliferation and its implication. It observes the trend in library and information science practice whereby the advent of new technologies has had a tremendous impact on the traditional service delivery leading to some fundamental issues. These were discussed in relation certain fundamental implications for the Nigerian library schools where future professionals are being trained.
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Child labour among public junior high schools pupils in the Techiman municipality in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana - Addai-Acheampong, Lily (2011)
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African education through the arts - Addo, Akosua O; Addo, Akosua O (2011)
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African education through the arts: African Educators on African and American Educatio - Addo, Akosua O; Addo, Akosua O (2011)
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THE USE OF SCHOOL LIBRARY RESOURCES IN OGUN STATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A STUDY OF SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IJEBU NORTH L. G. A., NIGERIA - Adebamowo, Olusola (2011)
The study examined the use of school library resources in Ogun State Secondary Schools. The Population of the study consisted of selected Secondary Schools in Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun State. Out of the 240 copies of questionnaire administered, 200 were returned representing 87% and analyzed using simple percentage. The finding shows inadequacy of library resources, lack of space, unqualified library personnel and ineffective use of school library resources by students of the surveyed schools. The study recommended the provision of adequate accommodation, provision of audio-visual materials in school libraries, recruitment of qualified staff to man school libraries among others.
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Emerging and Indigenous Technology for Climate Change Adaptation in Southwest Nigeria - Adebayo, Kola; Dauda, T. O.; Rikko, L. S.; George, F.O.A.; Fashola, O. S.; Atungwu, J. J.; Iposu, S. O. (2011)
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Language Policy and Planning for Education in Cameroon and Nigeria - Adebile, Ruth Foluke; null, null; null, null; null, null (Academic Leadership The Online Journal, 2011)
The goals and overall philosophy of education in any nation is the pre-requisite to the formation oflanguage policy and planning for education. Language generally is always a crucial phenomenon and itbecomes more crucial and controversial when it has to do with formulation of policies in education(Dada, 2005) part of the reason for this is simply because most of the language problems in manyAfrican countries are colonial legacies. The language problem is even volatile in some Africancountries like Cameroon and Nigeria. As it is going to be expanciated in this write-up, both Cameroonand Nigeria are linguistically fragmented countries. This has affected the language policy and planningfor the education of the two African countries (Oyetade, 1995).
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Perception of Climate Change Issues and Household Response Patterns in Peri-urban Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria - Adeboyejo, T. A.; Adejumobi, David Oyinlade; Kehinde, Olamiju John (The international journal of climate change: Impacts and responses, 2011)
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Potential effects of changes in climate, land cover and population on the quantity of ater resources in lake nakuru and lake elmenteita areas, kenya - Adede, David Omondi (2011)
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Technologies for instruction as innovative strategies in higher education: A Nigerian perspective - Adegbija, Mosiforeba Victoria (2011)
A B S T R A C T This paper examined the use of technologies for instruction as innovative strategies in higher education from a Nigerian perspective. Changes in learning often come about when the current practices are challenged, making a search for a more efficient way of achieving educational objectives inevitable. The global educational standards require innovations in the development of the educational system as a whole in the developing countries. This research portrayed technologies for instruction as the specific teaching - learning patterns that serve reliably as templates for achieving demonstrably effective learning. It is the application of modern tools, technical knowledge and methods as a unit for achieving a common goal. Higher education in most African/developing countries is currently going through its most challenging and depressive situation due to an unprecedented high demand of youths for admission into tertiary institutions; lack of funding which is reported to be below UNESCO recommendation; etc. Since it has been shown that technologies for instruction have been used by the developed countries over the years to address and overcome instructional challenges at all levels of their educational system, it was recommended that teachers and learners should be computer literate, government and other stake holders in the education sector should encourage teachers to be exposed to the various technologies for instruction through workshops, seminars, training and retraining.
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Languages and the Challenges of Education in Nigeria - Adegbite, Wale (2011)
In this paper, Prof. Adegbite identifies educational and linguistic failure as the bane of development of the Nigerian nation. From a macro-sociolinguistic perspective, he highlights some of the problems encountered by the Nigerian nation in various spheres of life and attributes these to the challenges of education, on the one hand, and the over-utilization of English at the expense of indigenous languages in communication and education, on the other hand. The author opines that while a language policy is crucial to the nation, as language is the basis for human cognitive, social and communicative activities, lingua-cultural policies can be formulated to integrate aspects of language and cultural experience of Nigerians for sustainable development. Consequently, models of lingual and lingual-cultural policies are suggested for language and educational development.
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An Investigation of Hearing Loss among School Age Children through Audiological Assessment in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria - Adejumo, A.M. Oyewumi and O. R. (İlköğretim Online, 2011)
An Investigation of Hearing Loss among School Age Children through Audiological Assessment in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Knowledge, Attitude and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Female Secondary School Teachers in Osogbo, Southwest Nigeria - Adekanle, Daniel Adebode; Adeyemi, AS; Afolabi, Atinuke (2011)
Cervical cancer is the second cause of cancer death after breast cancer among Nigerian women till date which is not in developed world due to availability of screening and its high uptake in these regions of the world. Various studies have been carried out across different ethnic and professional groups except among the teachers in high schools which can be classified as elites in the society. Results revealed that there is high awareness of the screening with low uptake. However, those with better knowledge of the disease had significant higher uptake of the screening compared with those with lower knowledge. Though the overall uptake is still low. The study had demonstrated the effect of health education on disease prevention. The morbidity and mortality associated with this condition can be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated provided that the policy makers in our country make it a priority through family life education at all levels of our educational systems coupled with availability of the screening in all health facilities and school clinics.
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CONTRIBUTIONS OF METAL WELDING WORKSHOPS TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN AKURE METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA - Adekeye, E. A.; Ojo, M. A. (2011)
The concentrations of eight metals - Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), and Cobalt (Co) in soil samples of selected gas and electric welding workshops in Akure of Ondo State in Nigeria were determined. This was aimed at assessing the contribution of welding activities to environmental pollution. Soil samples were collected from five gas and five electric welding workshops. A control sample collected for each of the welding workshops was about 100meters away from the study samples. The study samples and the control samples were pretreated digested and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer. The differences between the study samples and the control samples indicated that the welding activities are possible sources of environmental metal pollution. Foods of plant origin come from soil as such care should be taken to monitor the metal concentration of these metals in the soil as this is a channel through which metals can inadvertently enter the food chain.
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Continuous Assessment Scores as Predictors of Academic Performance of Students in the Junior School Certificate Examination in Ilorin, Nigeria - Adekeye, Olujide A (2011)
In order to assess each learner adequately, and to discover his/her latent skills, knowledge and abilities, teachers have resorted to the use of tests at various times with the aim of collecting information with respect to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of learning. It is when a child has been exposed to a variety of learning tasks and assessment devices that valid information could be obtained about his/her suitability and capability for some kind of vocations relative to some others. At present, different evaluation tools are frequently being used for various purposes, but it has been realized that teachers’ and students’ awareness of the students’ cumulative scores in continuous assessment has some consequential effects on the Junior School Certificate Examination (JSCE). Based on the findings of this study, it is reasonable and logical to assume that the data generated from a rigorously and honestly conducted continuous assessment test could among other things, assist in predicting performance of students’ in the final examination as both are drawn on the same curricular contents.
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Effect of Agricultural Knowledge and Utilization on Agricultural Practices among Secondary School Pupils in Oyo State, Nigeria - Adekoya, A. C; Fadairo, OS (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2011)
The study investigated the use of agricultural knowledge and information among pupils of secondary schools in Oyo State. Using multi stage sampling technique, 175 pupils offering agriculture were sampled across secondary schools in Oyo State and structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on their personal characteristics, level of exposure to agricultural knowledge taught in schools, attitude to farming as an occupation and utilization of knowledge and skills acquired on agricultural science on the farm of parents. About 56.6% of respondents possessed personal farmlands while 28.6% worked as paid labour on other people’s farm. Majority (74.3%) indicated levels of exposure above low and an overwhelming proportion (82.9%) indicated favourable attitude to farming as an occupation. Utilization of knowledge and skills acquired from agricultural science subjects in schools on the farm of parents by way of information sharing and field demonstration/experimentation was medium among majority (64.0%) and high among 22.3% of respondents. A significant relationship was observed between occupation of respondents’ parents, their possession of farmland (X 2 = 3.24, 6.29; p<0.05)) and their utilization of agricultural knowledge acquired in schools while respondents attitude correlated positively with their utilization of agricultural knowledge and information gained in schools (r =0.189, p<0.05). The study concluded that utilization and transfer of agricultural knowledge from classroom to field experimentation/implementation among students of agriculture is above average and is largely affected by access of the students to cultivable farmland and the type of livelihood engagements of their parents.
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Internet use and academic integrity among education undergraduate in Nigeria - Adeleke, Akinniyi A.; Durodolu, Oluwole Olumide; Adetoun, Adekanye Elizabeth (Library Progress (International), 2011)
This study discussed the internet and academic integrity among education undergraduate in Nigeria University. This study investigates the incidence of plagiarism, either text-based or internet based, difference between text-based and internet plagiarism and to also investigate the perception and level of awareness of student about plagiarism.
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Humanistic Management Education in Africa - Adeleye, Ifedapo; Amaeshi, Kenneth; Ogbechie, Chris (2011)
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Humanistic Management Education in Africa - Adeleye, Ifedapo; Amaeshi, Kenneth; Ogbechie, Chris (2011)
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Humanistic Management Education in Africa - Adeleye, Ifedapo; Amaeshi, Kenneth; Ogbechie, Chris (2011)
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Climate change and rural livelihoods in northern Ethiopia : impacts, local adaptation strategies and implications for institutional interventions - Adem, Alebachew; Ayenew, Meheret (2011)
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Experience and Perpetration of Violent Behaviours among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria - Ademola, Ajuwon (2011)
Worldwide, adolescents are disproportionately affected by violent behaviours. The nature and extent to which Nigerian adolescents have perpetrated and experienced violence has not been fully investigated. This crosssectional survey assessed experience and perpetration of physical, sexual and psychological violent behaviours among school-based adolescents. A total of 1366 students (50.4% females and 49.6% males) randomly selected from six public secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria were interviewed using a 36-item questionnaire. Respondents answered questions regarding demographic profile, sexual behaviour, and the extent to which they had experienced or perpetrated physical, sexual and psychological violent behaviours. The lifetime experience of at least one of the three forms of violence was 97.9%: physical violence ranked first (94.4%), followed by psychological (77.6%) and sexual violence (34.9%). The most common types of these forms of violent behaviours experienced were slaps (84.5%), unwanted touch of breast and backside (22.7%) and being belittled (63.2%). Approximately 8% of the study group haave had sex and 25% of sexually active respondents claimed that their first sexual encounter occurred in coercive circumstances. The predictors of experience of violence among males were use of alcohol, witnessing domestic violence, involving in work and parental use of alcohol. Among females parental use of alcohol and being young were predictors of violence. Reports of perpetration of physical, sexual and psychological violence among males were 75.3%, 44.9% and 13.3% respectively. Comprehensive interventions targeting students, teachers and parents are recommended to address this problem.
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Handedness: The Inter-relationship of Inheritance Pattern and Self-reported Talent among Medical Students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria - Ademola, Oremosu; Bassey, Rosemary; Akang, Edidiong Nnamso; Odeyemi, KA; Dolapo, Clement Duro; Omotayo, Oremosu (2011)
3 Abstract: Approximately 10% of the population seems to be left-handed. It is however unclear whether human hand preference is innate and genetically determined. The objective of this study is to determine the inter- relationship of handedness with inheritance pattern and self-reported talent among medical students at the University of Lagos. The survey was carried out among 512 medical and dental students of the University of Lagos through a self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to them through their classes. Names were not required to be written on the questionnaire to ensure confidentiality and to prevent likely bias in their response to the questions. The males were twice likely to use their left hand to perform various activities with their left hand than females. 100% of the respondents who were 2.5 kg at birth were right handed with 0% being left handed. 18% of those who were born at term were left handed while 82% were right handed; also, 27.3% of those born pre-term were left handed while 72.7% were right handed. The percentage of left handed students was highest among those who identified their mother as being left handed (54.5%), followed by father (48.1%), sister (45.8%) and then brother (34.3%). Left-handed respondents were more talented in all the activities than the right handed ones. There were more left handed students found to be talented in music, followed by chess, drawing and painting; then interior decoration while the least was fashion designing. There is a relationship between handedness and sex, talent, genetic inheritance but none found in relation to birth factors.
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The Prevalence of Left-Handedness among Medical and Dental Students in the University of Lagos-Nigeria - Ademola, Oremosu; Odeyemi, KA; Omotayo, Oremosu; Bassey, Rosemary; Dolapo, Duro C.; Akang, Edidiong Nnamso (2011)
Handedness has been extensively studied in the past century, but its exact cause remains debatable. The inclination to use one hand over the other for certain tasks has been found to be more common in certain professions. To determine the prevalence of left handedness among medical and dental students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: The survey was carried out among 512 medical and dental students of the University of Lagos through a self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to them through their classes. Names were not required to be written on the questionnaire to ensure confidentiality and to prevent likely bias in their response to the questions. The result of this study revealed a decrease in prevalence of left handedness with increasing age and level of study. The percentage of students who were found to be left-handed in this survey was higher in males than females. The prevalence of left handedness among medical and dental students was within normal proportion.
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Survey of teaching, research and conference experiences of paediatric surgical trainees in Nigeria - Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O; Ameh, Emmanuel A.; Bode, Chris O; Adejuyigbe, O (African journal of paediatric surgery (Online), 2011)
Aim : To determine the teaching methods used by residents in paediatric surgery in Nigeria and their exposure to research and conferences. Materials and Methods : A structured questionnaire was administered to trainees in paediatric surgery in Nigeria seeking information regarding different teaching methods used, frequency of use, involvement in research and participation in conferences. Results : There were 11 respondents (91.6%) of 12 questionnaires that were distributed. All of them were training in accredited teaching hospitals in Nigeria. All of them had been involved in teaching medical students. Ten residents were involved in teaching in wards/bedside two times or more in a week and all were involved in teaching at the clinics. Only one resident used audiovisual aid at least once a week to teach students. Eight trainees used tutorial or seminar group discussion as a teaching tool once a week. Four trainees had not used written essay as a way of teaching students while five had never given students lectures in a classroom before. All the respondents had participated in retrospective research while nine had been involved in prospective research. Nine residents had attended conferences nationally while two had attended international conferences. Six trainees presented a paper or more at national conferences while one presented at an international conference. Conclusion : Trainees in paediatric surgery in Nigeria are significantly involved in the teaching of undergraduate medical students and clinical research. This should be encouraged and further enhanced by motivating the trainees to attend international conferences.
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The impact of mobile schools system in pastoralist areas of Kenya: a case study of Wajir district - Aden, A (2011)
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African Women’s Education and Empowerment: Case Studies of Nigerian Women Resident in Egypt - Adeniji-Neill, Dolapo (The international journal of interdisciplinary social sciences, 2011)
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An Assessment of the Level of Influence of Family Life and HIV/AIDS Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Decision Making among Adolescents with Hearing Impairment in Some States in Nigeria. - Adeniyi, SO; Oyewumi, Adebomi; Fakolade, Olufemi Aremu (International journal of special education, 2011)
This study investigated knowledge, attitude and decision making about the issue of HIV/AIDS among adolescents with hearing impairment in Oyo, Lagos and Kwara States. Seventy-six respondents participated in the study with age range between 16 and 20. The participants were drawn from Methodist Grammar School, Bodija in Ibadan, Ijokodo High School, Eleyele Road, Ibadan, Wesley School for the Deaf, Surulere, Lagos and Kwara State School for the Handicap in Ilorin. These schools were located in the Southwestern and North Central parts of Nigeria. Family Life and HIV/AIDS Education Inventory (FLHEI) investigating knowledge, attitude and decision making of the adolescence were constructed and used with reliability coefficient of 0.73. Chi square and student t-test methods at alpha level of 0.05 were used to analyse the data collected. The findings revealed that there were significant differences in knowledge, attitude and decision making of adolescents with hearing impairment as a result of Family Life and HIV/AIDS Education (FLHE). On the basis of the positive outcome, the study further recommended some ways of improving the effectiveness of Family Life and HIV/AIDS Education to be able to achieve the desire result among adolescents with hearing impairment and adolescents generally.
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Site Dependence Earthquake Spectra Attenuation Modeling: Nigerian Case Study - Adepelumi, A. A.; Yakubu, Tahir A.; Alao, Olatunbosun; Adebayo, Akinsola Yusuf (International Journal of Geosciences, 2011)
Recent seismic events recorded in South-western Nigeria indicate that the country may not be aseismic as had hitherto thought.Geologic and geodetic evidences suggest the existence of large fracture zones (Romanche and Charcot) beneath the area.Considering the existence of these fracture zones, and the paucity of seismicity information, the development (oil exploration and production) taking place in offshore Nigeria in the last two decades and the ambitious planning for large future projects urgently call for the implementation of a comprehensive earthquake ground motion modelling which is a useful tool in site-dependent seismic hazard assessment in low to moderate seismicity region.In this study, ground-attenuation modelling based on stochastic approach was applied to predict the expected peak ground velocity and acceleration and spectral amplifications in two geologic settings.The seismic ground motion has been modelled using the September 11, 2009 earthquake of magnitude 4.8 (Mw) as case study.Synthetic seismic waveforms from which parameters for engineering building design could be obtain have been derived.From the seismograms computed, the seismic hazard for south-western Nigeria, expressed in terms of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity have been estimated.The peak ground acceleration estimated for the study area ranges from 0.16 to 0.69 g, and the peak ground velocity from 18.0 to 58.3 m/sec.The high peak values of accelerations and amplifications delineated are possibly due to the presence of the low velocity layers.In general, a good correlation between the synthetic and field data was observed.These results attest to the efficacy of the modelling exercise, and assessment of the seismic risk that the region would likely be subjected to.Also, the earthquake engineering design parameters derived may be used to derive new civil engineering building codes for the affected area.
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The Perils and Promises of Inclusive Education in Ghana. - Adera, Beatrice; Asimeng‐Boahene, Lewis (The Journal of the International Association of Special Education, 2011)
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HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices among intellectually impaired and mainstream learners in selected schools in Oyo state, Nigeria. - Aderemi, Toyin Janet (2011)
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'Sexual or not?' : HIV & AIDS knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices among intellectually impaired and mainstream learners in Oyo State, Nigeria - Aderemi, Toyin Janet; Pillay, Balakrishna (2011)
This study aims to identify and compare HIV knowledge, attitudes in relation to sexual abstinence, and sexual practices among mild-to-moderate intellectually impaired (II) and mainstream learners (ML). We will investigate the attendant contextual factors specifically for II and suggest guidelines for a school-based HIV intervention channelled to the specific needs of learners with intellectual disability. The research utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods. These include administration of a structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), in-depth and key informant interviews respectively. These methods were used to collect data on demographics, HIV transmission knowledge, risk perception of HIV infection, attitudes, outcome expectations, social influences, self-efficacy, and intentions in relation to sexual abstinence from the two groups of learners, as well as data on effectiveness of HIV information reaching the learners from their teachers. The key informant interview focussed on teachers of both II learners and ML, while structured questionnaire, FGD and in-depth interview were used to collect data from both categories of learners. It is hoped that the study will contribute to knowledge in the area of the trends and contexts of HIV knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices among learners with intellectual disability, as well as influence policy in comprehensive sexuality education and HIV prevention response tailored to the special needs of learners with intellectual disability in Nigeria.
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LABORATORIES AND SUSTAINABLE TEACHING AND LEARNING ABOUT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (SSS) GEOGRAPHY IN NIGERIA - Aderogba, Adeyemi (2011)
The relevance of Geography cannot be over emphasised; but teaching and learning about the subject have not been sustainable. The objective of this paper is to examine the adequacy or otherwise of Geography Laboratories and Gardens for effective teaching and learning in Nigeria using Ogun State as case study. Twenty schools and colleges were randomly selected across the state. Conditions of the Gardens and Laboratories were examined. 100 sstudents, 20 teachers and 5 principals of schools were interviewed and so also 100 Geography graduates of Schools and colleges. Human and physical environments of the schools were studied. Over 85% of the schools have neither Geographical Garden nor Meteorological Garden or Laboratory. No school has any classroom dedicated to Geography. There must be radical departure from the observed. Well equipped Laboratories, Meteorological and Geographical Gardens should become integral part of the facilities and amenities. It is imperative that a room is adorned with maps, charts, figures, models, samples and others; and designated as Geography Classroom where lessons on geographyy topics must be held. Teachers of Geography should perceive the physical environment, natural and cultural, as Geography Laboratory. Philanthropies should be implored and encouraged to come to the aid of schools.
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Climate Change and Adaptation in Nigeria: Some Background to Nigeria's Response - III - Adesina, F. A.; Odekunle, Theophilus O. (2011)
This concluding part of the larger paper evaluates some aspects of the Nigeria's vulnerability to the impacts of climate change and discusses potential adaptation strategies that can help in coping with or reducing the impacts of the change in the agriculture and forestry sectors. The vulnerabilities of the various parts of the country were computed, using a wide range of socio-economic parameters and physical environmental factors. The results show that there had been important variability in the rainfall and temperature regimes which 'expose' the country to severe impacts of climate change. The vulnerability assessment further shows that the country's resilience to climate change impact is very weak especially in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Considering the nature of the vulnerabilities, the paper proposed a number of adaptation strategies mainly in the Agriculture and Forestry sectors. The paper concludes that development and implementation of appropriate policy instrument will be important in ensuring that the country effectively addresses its adaptation challenges.
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Gender gap: Enrolment and Career Choices ofAccounting Students in Nigerian Universities - Adetula, D. T. (2011)
This study analysed the trend of gender enrolment and factors influencing the career choices of accounting students in universities in the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. It examined the enrolment pattern of accounting students in 36 universities from 2004/2005 to 2009/2010. It also examined the factors influencing the career choices of undergraduate accounting students using data collected from sampled universities through questionnaires and focus group discussions. The results revealed a gap in enrolment between male and female accounting students, with fewer femalestudents in the northern zones than in the southern zones. Factors influencing career choices of accounting students included job security, job availability and high salaries. It was also discovered that females perceived accounting to be rule-based, boring, stressful and narrow. The researchers recommended among others that the Nigerian Government formulate a comprehensive gender policy for tertiary education in favour of females in the northern part of Nigeria. It was also recommended that tertiary teaching staff should make accounting more interesting for students by using practical and case study methods
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Perception of Learners on Electronic Examination in Open and Distance Learning Institutions: A Case Study of National Open University of Nigeria - Adewale, Olubiyi A.; Ajadi, Timothy Olugbenga; Inegbedion, Juliet Obhajajie (2011)
In mid-2009, the NOUN (National Open University of Nigeria) reached the decision to shift from conventional (that is, pen-and-paper) examination to electronic examination in the conduct of the end of semester examinations. One of the major factors prompting this decision is the inability of the university to release the results of past examinations promptly and error-free and a fact that gives the university a bad reputation. With the use of descriptive research design, the study investigated the perception of learners about electronic examination before and after their participation on e-examination. Three questions were raised which were turned to hypotheses. The findings revealed a difference in the perception of learners on e-examination prior and after their participations on e-examination with favor for e-examination.
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Green Drop Certification of wastewater treatment plants in South Africa - an initiative to reduce drinking water sources pollution and bedrock of wastewater reuse - Adewumi, James R.; Olanrewaju, Olawale Olugbenga (African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 2011)
South Africa has one of the largest wastewater management authorities in Africa with approximately 850 registered wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) that treats an average of 7 589Ml wastewater daily with extensive pipe networks and pump stations to transport and dispose wastewater to and from WWTWs. With the growing awareness on the drinking water sources pollution resulting from the quality of wastewater dispose into sensitive environments, there is an increasing pressure on the wastewater managers to treat wastewater to higher quality levels before discharging into receiving rivers or streams. In rising to this challenge, the department of Water Affairs and Environment (DWAE) has introduces Green Drop Certification process as the first step in multi-barrier system of ensuring safe drinking water quality. This initiative is aimed at solving the problems of non-compliance of municipal wastewater treatment service providers to a disposable quality that will minimize risks to receiving water bodies and human health. As this trend continues, wastewater reuse will gain popularity as an unconventional source of non-potable water especially in water scarce area of South Africa. This will ensure environmental sustainability, food security and promote economic growth. This paper presents Green Drop Evaluation and its possible implication in water supply of the country via wastewater reuse.
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Tertiary students' estimates of theirs and their relatives' multiple and overall intelligences : a cross-national study of Nigerian and South African students. - Adewusi, Kikelomo Adebukola. (2011)
A sample of five hundred and three (503) University of KwaZulu-Natal students participated in this study, which investigated Black Nigerian and South African tertiary students' estimates of theirs and their relatives' multiple and overall intelligences. Participants‟ ages ranged from 18-44 years. The sample included both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The aim of the study was to investigate black students‟ perceptions of theirs and their relatives' multiple intelligences, using the theory of multiple intelligences developed by Gardner (1983). Participants were asked to rate their own overall estimates of intelligence as well as their relatives. Results show significant differences in nationalities with Nigerians rating themselves and their relatives higher on almost all components of multiple intelligences compared to South Africans. A comparison of males and females using only the South African sample showed no noted differences in self ratings, except for bodily-kinaesthetic and intrapersonal intelligences. These results are discussed in relation to the literature.
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NOTE FOR EDITOR: The Development Of Distance Education In Nigeria: Challenges And Prospects - Adeyemi, Muyiwa (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2011)
Distance Education as an alternative to the traditional face-to-face education has been seen as the teaching-learning process in which students are separated from the teachers by a physical distance, which is often bridged by modern communication. It comprises all patterns of student-centered learning process in which the teacher has limited role. In Nigeria, Africa, the introduction of this form of learning programme, is relatively new and therefore pose some challenges to all stakeholders in the education industry. In trying to meet up with the enormous demands for formal education, Nigerian government established some institutions for distance learning. These included the National Teachers Institute (NTI), the National Open University (NOUN) among others. This paper therefore, examined the historical development of this programme and particularly in Nigeria, the theories and philosophies of distance education, the challenges and prospects of the programme in the country.
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A Comparative Study of Students' Academic Performance in Public Examinations in Secondary Schools in Ondo and EKITI States, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (2011)
This study investigated students' academic performance in public examinations in Secondary Schools in Ondo and Ekiti States, Nigeria. As a descriptive research, the study population comprised all the 281 secondary schools in Ondo State and the 171 secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Out of this population, a sample of 240 secondary schools in Ondo State and 146 secondary schools in Ekiti State was taken. The method of selection was by stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used to collect data for the study was an inventory while the data collected was analyzed using percentages, chi-square statistic and the t-test. It was found that the performance of student in the Junior Secondary Certificate (JSC) and the Senior Secondary Certificate (SSC) examinations was low. Based on this, it was recommended that the educational system needs to be revamped and made result oriented in the two States. The teaching and learning processes in all schools in the two States should be re-examined with the aim of improving the quality of performance of students in JSC and SSC examinations.
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Demand and Supply of Qualified Teaching Manpower in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (2011)
This study investigated the demand and supply of qualified teaching manpower in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. As an ex-post facto and descriptive survey, the study population comprised all the 170 secondary schools in the State. The sample was identical with the population as all the schools were involved in the study. The supply of teachers was delimited to higher institutions within Ekiti State and higher institutions in neighbouring States. In terms of teacher supply, the 2 higher institutions in Ekiti State were chosen. Out of the 30 higher institutions in the neighbouring States, 16 were also chosen, thereby giving a total of 18 higher institutions. The method of selection was by multi-stage, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. The instrument used to collect data for the study was an inventory while the data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. It as found that the annual enrolment growth rate in the schools was 5.6% while the teacher-student ratio was 1:30. The supply of qualified teachers did not match the demand for them in all the schools. It was projected that an additional 3,585 teachers would be required by the year 2016. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the State government should endeavour to increase the supply of qualified teaching manpower into all the schools in order to match the demand for them.
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Learning, Misallocation, and Technology Adoption: Evidence from New Malaria Therapy in Tanzania - Adhvaryu, Achyuta (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
I show that malaria misdiagnosis, common in resource-poor settings, decreases the expected effectiveness of an important new therapy – since only a fraction of treated individuals have malaria – and reduces the rate of learning via increased noise. Using pilot program data from Tanzania, I exploit variation in the location and timing of survey enumeration to construct reference groups composed of randomly chosen, geographically and temporally proximate acutely ill individuals. I show that learning is stronger and adoption rates are higher in villages with more misdiagnosis. Subsidizing diagnostic tools or improving initial targeting of new technologies may thus accelerate uptake through learning.
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Socio-economic barriers to girl-child education in Nigeria as perceived by selected teachers in Ibadan, Nigeria: implications for actualizing Vision 20:20:20 - Adika, Olagoke Lawrence (Educational Quest: An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences, 2011)
Education in Nigeria and the world over is a vital tool for technological and economic advancement. The Nigerian government in view of this made formal education compulsory for all her citizens. However, the girl-child faces a number of challenges in obtaining the supposed compulsory education. The study investigated some socio-economic barriers to attaining formal education by the Nigerian child-girl. The study employed a descriptive survey design with a total of two-hundred (200) secondary school teachers randomly selected from four Local Government Areas in Ibadan Metropolis. A self-designed scale tagged Socio-economic Barriers of Girl-Child Access to Education Scale (SBGAES) was used in collecting data for the study. The three null hypotheses stated in the study were subjected to t-test statistical analysis at 0.05 significant level. The findings revealed that no significant differences existed in the perceptions of male and female teachers (1.66 1.96). It was recommended that the Nigerian government should enact a law banning child-marriages, which keeps children out of school.
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Perception and behaviour on use of sanitary pads during menstruation among adolescent school girls in Bayelsa State, Nigeria - Adika; Yabga; Apiyanteide; Ologidi; Ekpo (Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011)
The Knowledge of perception and behaviour on the use of sanitary pads during menstruation among adolescents of school age is a vital aspect of health education. The study was carried out among 140 school girls, It investigated perception as well as behaviour on the use of sanitary pads during menstruation. Specific objectives were tailored to determine adolescent girls’ perception on the use of sanitary pads during menstruation and also to assess their behaviour on using sanitary pads for menstrual hygiene. Girls were selected by cross-sectional population survey of educational institutions, 56 from primary school and 84 from junior secondary school within the age group of 10-20 years were given questionnaires to gather data for analysis. The results show that of the 140 girls studied, 64.3% of the girls used sanitary pads, 62.3 % had positive self perception on use of sanitary pads for hygiene purposes while 67.1% felt satisfied as well as good and nice as it boosted their self-confidence, although 66.4% perceived it as expensive. However, there seems to be a behavioural change on use of sanitary pads with 66.4% as well as being positive; enabling a majority (52.1%) to attend classes normally at school. The conclusion from this study is that 66.3% of the adolescent girls of Niger Delta area, Bayelsa state, Nigeria had positive perception on use of sanitary pads; 67.1% have perception that was satisfying, good, and nice on use of sanitary pads, boosting self-confidence though expensive for 64.4%. , thus leading to a behavioural change that is positive. This study therefore recommends the use of sanitary pads among adolescent school girls to be monitored and taught at schools to prevent infectious diseases as well as to bridge the gap with the training at home by mothers and other sources of information.
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Net Primary Productivity Response to Climate Change in the Mount Kenya Ecosystem - Adimo, Ochieng; Bosco, Njoroge John; Wamocho, Leonard (2011)
This chapter evaluates methods to estimate terrestrial ecosystem carbon assimilation and to monitor it over time at both local and national scales. This study presents simulated models that rely on vegetation indices and cover from Landsat 7 ETM sensors and vegetation stress scalars of temperature and moisture generated from the Thornthwaite water balance model. Temperature and moisture are the main climatic variables that affect vegetation productivity in the context of climate change at the landscape level. The temperature stress scalar in this study was derived from the seasonal optimal temperature for plant production from 28 years of climate data, while water stress was estimated from monthly water deficits, based on comparison of observed moisture supply (precipitation) to potential evapotranspiration (PET) demand derived using the Thornthwaite and Mather method (1957). The Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) model was used to estimate monthly patterns of carbon fixation using 30 M resolution satellite remote sensing images of the surface vegetation characteristics and driven by spatially interpolated climate data. IPCC climate general circulation models (GCM) scenarios were downscaled using a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) to generate locally useful data for impact analysis. Different vegetation classes show significant levels of sensitivity to temperature and moisture variability depicted by the varied net primary productivity (NPP) levels. Indigenous vegetation is well adapted and generally exhibited high NPP around Mount Kenya. This method can be useful in monitoring and evaluating ecosystem function of carbon sequestration and in facilitating optimisation of reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) through vegetation selection in forestry programmes.
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KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-MARITAL GENETIC SCREENING AMONG STUDENTS OF OSUN STATE POLYTECHNICS IN NIGERIA - Adisa, Oluwadamilola (2011)
This study investigated the knowledge of pre-marital genetic screening among students of Osun State Polytechnics. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was self developed and structured questionnaire in four likert-scale format. Descriptive statistics of frequency count and simple percentage was used to analyse the demographic data, while the parametric statistics of t-test set at 0.05 alpha level was used to test the hypothesis. A total number of one thousand, one hundred and sixty-five (1,165) Higher National Diploma students served as respondents for the study. Multistage sampling technique was used in three stages, namely: purposive sampling technique was used to select the schools; stratified sampling technique was used to select the faculties, while proportionate sample of 25% was selected from each stratum. Two research questions were asked and a comprehensive hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The value for difference in knowledge due to gender was obtained. Based on this, it was concluded that male students of Osun State Polytechnics have more knowledge of pre-marital genetic screening than their female counterparts. The study therefore recommended among other things that social expectations of individuals and communities should be assessed properly before setting programme goals.
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School history in Ghana, identity and cultural affinity in the Atlantic world - Adu-Boahen, Kwabena (Latin American Report, 2011)
A nation's space is territorially bounded, generally, and it moves forward in time. Within this space-time context, individuals identify themselves in significant respects. The march of a nation in time involves the evolution of species constituting a nationality. Nationality is defined on the basis of a variety of principles such as race, ethnicity, language or culture. In the era of a nation-state system, most historians believe that history is the main representation of the evolution of people within a territory and others elsewhere sharing with them various forms of identity. Historical knowledge is, thus, essential for nationhood and cultural interconnections between nations. This article examines the ways in which history education in Ghana matters in the evolution of nationality and the forging of historical connections between the peoples of that country and others in different parts of the world for the creation of a better-informed citizenry.
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Returning to Study in Higher Education in Ghana: Experiences of Mature Undergraduate Women - Adu‐Yeboah, Christine; Forde, Linda Dzama (Research in Comparative and International Education, 2011)
This study was based on the assumption that in Ghana, women who return late to higher education combine domestic and academic work and, in the process, experience tensions and difficulties in the face of cultural and academic prejudice. It employed an interpretive qualitative research approach via narrative interviews with eight mature undergraduate women from different socio-economic backgrounds in one public university. The intention was to explore their experiences and use the findings to make suggestions for institutional development and learning. The data was collected in May 2009 from a sample of first- and final-year women from the Departments of Sociology and Basic Education in one of the oldest public universities in the southern part of Ghana. The women students found academic work difficult and made reference to gaps in terms of their knowledge deficit, unfamiliar courses and teaching methods. Recommendations from the study include the formulation of an institutional policy on mature women students in particular, and non-traditional students in higher education generally, and the regular provision of professional development programmes for higher education practitioners.
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Sexual behaviour of some secondary school students in Benin City - Afemikhe, Juliana Ayafegbeh; Obiweluozor, Nkechi (Journal of Community and Health Sciences, 2011)
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Nurses’ Perception about Establishing Nursing Homes in Ghana: A Study at University of Ghana Nursing School - Affedzie, Eric Offei; Albertz, Richard Osei (2011)
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Tales of AfricaAdapt : harnessing knowledge for adaptation to climate change in Africa - AfricaAdapt (2011)
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Report of the first extraordinary session of the African Union conference of ministers of education (Comedaf Iv) Windhoek, Namibia, 11 – 13 May 2011 - Africaine, Union; africano, União (2011)
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Professional development travel grant to continue serving as the Vice President of the African Society for Toxicological Sciences (ASTS) - Afriyie-Gyawu, Evans (2011)
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Pollution studies on harbours and jetties in Nigeria - Agbagwa, O E; Gsc, Okpokwasili (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011)
The distribution of bacteria in the surface waters and sediment of selected harbours and landing jetties in the city of Port Harcourt was investigated. Nine water and sediments samples were allocated on each trip and cultured for various organisms on the rainy and dry season. The total heterotrophic count of the water sample in the dry season ranged between 33 ± 7.4 and 62 ± 6.1 and between 38 ± 7.1 and 62 ± 19 CFU/ml in the rainy season. In the case of sediment samples, the THC of the dry season ranged between 31 ± 8.1 and 54 ± 20 CFU/g, while the count in the rainy season ranged between 24 ± 1.9 and 54 ± 19 CFU/g. Of the Vibrio species isolated, 3 (60%) were found to be Vibrio cholerae, while 2 (40%) were Vibrio parahaemolyticus , four isolates were also identified as Salmonella species. The high distribution of the bacteria which is of public health importance in the harbours/jetties, indicates pollution. Physiochemical parameters such as alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, chloride, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and heavy metal were investigated and showed significantly high values, which indicates pollution of the harbour. Key words: Bacteria, Port Harcourt, Vibrio.
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Predictors of impaired renal function among HIV infected patients commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy in Jos, Nigeria - Agbaji, Oche; Onu, Adamu; Agaba, PA; Mu’azu, Muhammad A; Falang, Kakjing D.; Idoko, John (Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2011)
Kidney disease is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection even in the era of antiretroviral therapy, with kidney function being abnormal in up to 30% of HIV-infected patients. We determined the predictors of impaired renal function in HIV-infected adults initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Nigeria.This was a retrospective study among HIV-1 infected patients attending the antiretroviral clinic at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), between November 2005 and November 2007. Data were analysed for age, gender, weight, WHO clinical stage, CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA viral load, HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody status. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1.Data for 491 (294 females and 197 males) eligible patients were abstracted. The mean age of this population was 38.8±8.87 years. One hundred and seventeen patients (23.8%; 95% CI, 20.2-27.9%) had a reduced eGFR (defined as <60 mL/min), with more females than males (28.6% vs. 16.8%; P=0.02) having reduced eGFR. Age and female sex were found to have significant associations with reduced eGFR. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04, 1.10) and 1.96 (95% CI, 1.23, 3.12) for age and female sex, respectively.Older age and female sex are independently associated with a higher likelihood of having lower eGFRs at initiation of HAART among our study population. We recommend assessment of renal function of HIV-infected patients prior to initiation of HAART to guide the choice and dosing of antiretroviral drugs.
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Promoting Students' Participation: Communicative Functions of Repair in a Nigerian Computer Science Classroom - Agbatogun, Alaba Olaoluwakotansibe (2011)
This study investigated the influence of repair on Nigerian students’ participation in a computer science classroom discourse. The sample involved a male teacher in a public secondary school teaching computer studies to 45 students. Data were collected qualitatively through video and audio-tape recording. The data were transcribed and analysed descriptively. The findings of the study revealed that the teacher explored various repair strategies such as reformulation, repetition, clarification, elicitation, paralinguistic signal and explicit correction to prompt students’ involvement in the classroom discourse. Implications of the findings to teaching were discussed and recommendations were made accordingly.
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Computer-Assisted Programmed Instruction Revisited: A Study on Teaching Typewriting in Nigerian Higher Institution. - Agbatogun, Alaba Olaoluwakotansibe; Ajelabi, PeterAyo; Oyewusi, Mary Bose; Inegbedion, Juliet Obhajajie (Academic leadership (Murfreesboro, Tenn.), 2011)
In the last few decades, technology has been a significant tool in almost all human endeavour (Hancer& Tiizemen, 2008). The integration of technology into education is a growing phenomenon; hence hugeamount of money is being invested into Information and Communication technologies (ICTs) ineducation across the globe in order to ensure improved students’ academic performance (Trautman &Klemp, n.d.). Since the development of various ICTs, computer technology has come to play significantroles in instructional process, thereby transforming the learning environment (Efendioghi & Yelken,2010; Rosenberg, Grad & Matear, 2003). The hope and quality of achievements of nations nowadaysis dependent on the science of technology innovations and the integration of appropriate technologicaldevices in education. To improve the standard of education, adequate attention must be given toinstructional techniques employed by the teacher. Instructional methods are process of cognitive,affective and psychomotor development targeted at contributing to students’ performance (Uhumuavbi& Mamudu, 2009).
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Communicative Functions of Repair on Nigerian Students’ Participation in Computer Studies - Agbatogun, Alaba Olaoluwakotansibe; null, null; null, null; null, null (Academic leadership (Murfreesboro, Tenn.), 2011)
Doctorate programs in educational leadership have been criticized in recent years for failing to preparetheir graduates to effectively serve as instructional leaders in the nation’s schools. Criticisms haveincluded ambiguity of purpose and research foci, weak admission and graduation requirements,irrelevant curriculum, and the lack of applied practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze specificcharacteristics of thirteen highly ranked applied doctorate programs in educational leadership.Findings revealed that touchstone doctorate programs display many of the features that have beencriticized, and that they are largely similar in structure and foci to lower ranked programs.
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Knowledge and Attitude of PLWHA concerning Oral lesions of HIV/AIDS among patients of PEPFAR Clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Lagos, Nigeria - Agbelusi, GA; Adeola, Henry Ademola; Ameh, PO (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2011)
Oral manifestations in Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are associated with adverse effects on quality of life such as pain, difficulty in eating, bad breath, altered taste and sometimes altered appearance. There is also a predisposition to poor nutrition which confers an additional burden on the body's immune defences and the ability to fight off infections. Knowledge of the oral lesions will enable People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) to seek dental treatment on time.To assess the general knowledge of HIV/AIDS, its oral manifestations and willingness to know more about its oral lesions among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Lagos, Nigeria.A structured questionnaire was administered to two hundred and thirty-five patients (235) who were randomly selected from attendees at an NGO clinic supporting PLWHA in Lagos.Majority of the participants exhibited poor knowledge of the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS although many of them had fair knowledge of the general symptoms of HIV/AIDS. The high educational status of the subjects seemed to play little role in awareness of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS as only 45(21.4%) of the participants had good overall knowledge having a range of 25-31 correct answers out of 210 participants. Many of the respondents (145, 69%) wish to know more about oral lesion of HIV/AIDS.Although there is a high awareness of the general symptoms of HIV/AIDS in the study group, there is poor awareness of the oral manifestations, their presentations and management. The study also showed that PLWHA would be willing to know more about the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS and seek dental care for their management.
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“I Want to go to School, but I Can’t”: Examining the Factors that Impact the Anlo Ewe Girl Child’s Formal Education in Abor, Ghana - Agbemabiese-Grooms, Karen Yawa (2011)
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Early Childhood Inclusion: A Postcolonial Analysis of Pre-Service Teachers' Professional Development and Pedagogy in Ghana - Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram; Klibthong, Sunanta (Contemporary issues in early childhood, 2011)
The purpose of this qualitative study is to make the case for organizing teaching and learning in early childhood around the concept of inclusion rather than transmission of pedagogy through fear and domination. The study explored final-year early childhood pre-service teachers' curriculum planning and evaluation processes, professional education experiences and pedagogical practices, including teacher-child relationships in three kindergartens in Cape Coast, Ghana. A blend of critical postcolonial discursive and framework analysis of data produced three themes: ‘curriculum visibility and invisibility’, ‘children as colonized bodies' and ‘pre-service teachers as voiceless identities’. The article concludes that by clarifying and establishing a realistic postcolonial identity for teacher education, positive concepts of teaching and a new image of teachers and outcomes can emerge.
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Harnessing Wind Energy for Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security in Coastal Regions of Ghana: A Policy Perspective - Agbeve, Mahu Seth (2011)
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Emerging Technologies for Building Resilience to Climate Change Effect: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of the Republic of Ghana - Agbeve, Mahu Seth; Titiati, Atsu; Quaye, Wilhemina (2011)
The conversion of the kinetic energy in wind into electrical energy offers unique solution to the overall energy supply where resource exists as well as partial solution to the world’s over dependence on exhaustible primary energy sources such as fossil fuel and their consequences which include climate change, extinction of aquatic life during spillages and so on. The coastlines of Ghana present significant wind potential which when properly harnessed could provide alternative livelihood opportunities and speed up climate change adaptation processes in those communities hard-hit by climate change effects. To establish the technical and economic potential of wind resource for energy production and productive application, there is the need to investigate the baseline frameworks and use optimized wind energy tools to generate results for effective wind energy planning. Ground wind data search and analysis, overall energy situation and energy policy environment formed the core of establishing the technical potentials and economic opportunities of wind energy in the Dangbe East District. A wind data analysis was done to establish the wind energy potential and a survey identifies innovative mechanisms adopted for building resilience and tracks changes in behavioural practices to adapt to climate change effect. A total of 360 small-scale farmers were interviewed. Phenomenal changes in weather conditions and climate events observed by respondents include erratic and unpredictable rainfall patterns with poor distributions, high temperatures with hot sunshine conditions, drought and heavy precipitations/floods. Key innovative technologies employed to adapt to climate change effects include soil management practices that reduce fertilizer use and increase crop diversification; promotion of legumes in crop rotations; use of quality seeds and integrated crop/livestock systems; avoidance of bush burning as well as burning crop residues; introduction of drought, flood and saline-tolerant crops and using improved, high yielding and drought resistant varieties. Less than 30% of the farmers interviewed had relocated close to water bodies (River Volta), especially for minor season farming while 42% had diversified into other alternative livelihood options. Farmers strongly considered provision of irrigation services by government and non-governmental organisation, credit and availability of improved agro-technologies as well as education key in building resilience to climate change effects. Emerging Technologies for Building Resilience to Climate Change Effect: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of the Republic of Ghana | 5 Acknowledgement This paper was produced as part of the implementation of the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) Phase VI Strategic Plan, 2008 – 2012 funded by ATPS Donors including the Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (DGIS) the Netherlands, Rockefeller Foundation, amongst others. The authors hereby thank the ATPS for the financial and technical support during the implementation of the program. The Authors particularly thank the ATPS Climate Sense Program Director, Dr. Kevin Urama (ATPS); and the Program Coordinators including Prof. Francis Mutua (ATPS Kenya); Dr. George Owusu Essegbey (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana), Prof. Eric Eboh (ATPS Nigeria), Dr. Nicholas Ozor (ATPS), and Ms. Wairimu Mwangi (ATPS) for their technical support during the research process. Contributions from staff of Energy Commission, Ministry of Energy, MoEn, SWERA, and Dangbe East District Agriculture Development Unit of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture are very much appreciated. 4 | Emerging Technologies for Building Resilience to Climate Change Effect: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of the Republic of Ghana
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Emerging Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of Ghana - Agbeve, Mahu Seth; Titiati, Atsu; Quaye, Wilhemina (2011)
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Child fostering and education in Ghana - Agblorti, Samuel K. M.; Tanle, Augustine (2011)
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Climate change and poverty in Nigeria. - Agbola, Babatunde (2011)
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Does School Education Reduce the Likelihood of Societal Conflict in Africa - Agbor, Julius A. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
This paper empirically tests the hypothesis that education, as measured by the average schooling years in the population aged 15 and above, reduces the likelihood of societal conflicts in Africa. It focuses on a sample of 31 African countries during 1960-2000 and uses both panel ordered probit and multinomial logistic estimation models. Using an aggregated measure of all intrastate major episodes of political violence obtained from the Political Instability Task Force (PITF) as proxy for conflict, and controlling for the extent of political participation, income inequality, labour market conditions, neighborhood e¤ects, different income levels, natural resource revenues, youth bulge, inflation, ethno-linguistic and religious fractionalisation and urbanisation; the results suggests that education e¤ectively reduces the likelihood of intra-state conflicts in Africa. This finding is robust to alternative model specifications and to alternative time frames of analysis. The evidence also suggests that, sound macroeconomic policies, by way of rapid per capita GDP growth, better export performance and lower in‡ation are means of effectively reducing the likelihood of conflicts while neighborhood effects are a significant driver of internal conflicts in African states. Therefore, in the battle to reduce the frequency of intrastate conflicts, African governments should complement investments in education with sound macroeconomic policies while seeking mutually beneficial solutions to all major internal conflicts, with a view to minimising their spill-over effects.
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The Impact of School-Based Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) Program on Conflict-Affected Children in Northern Uganda - Ager, Alastair; Akesson, Bree; Stark, Lindsay; Okot, Braxton; McCollister, Faith; Flouri, Eirini; Boothby, Neil (2011)
Children in northern Uganda have undergone significant psychosocial stress during the region's lengthy conflict. A Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) program was implemented in 21 schools identified as amongst those most severely affected by conflict-induced displacement across Gulu and Amuru Districts. The PSSA intervention comprised a series of 15 class sessions designed to progressively increase children's resilience through structured activities involving drama, movement, music and art (with additional components addressing parental support and community involvement). Significant increases in ratings of child well-being were observed in both intervention and comparison groups over a 12-month period. However, the well-being of children who had received the PSSA intervention increased significantly more than for children in the comparison group, as judged by child and parent (but not teacher) report. This effect was evident despite considerable loss-to-follow-up at post-testing as a result of return of many households to communities of origin. General improvement in child well-being over a 12-month period suggests that recovery and reconstruction efforts in Northern Uganda following the onset of peace had a substantive impact on the lives of children. However, exposure to the PSSA program had an additional positive impact on child well-being, suggesting its value in post-conflict recovery contexts.
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IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIAN AND NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. - Agnes, Akinnuoye Modupe; Ehsan, Selangor Darul; Rahim, Abdul (2011)
Environmental Education (E.E.) is an open way to environmental consciousness that promotes development and sustainability.The positive and negative transitions of development around the world are scenarios that call for stimulation and re-orientation of global implementation of environmental education in schools in order to reduce environmental abuse and degradation in our contemporary world. This paper is a review of some selected secondary schools settings in Malaysia and Nigeria to identify the methods of implementation, the problems and challenges that are militating against environmental education policies and implementation in both countries. The results reveal that Malaysian schools have a better implementation approach. There are more facilities in secondary schools with conducive environment. More than 75 % of students in Malaysian schools have better environmental education awareness as against their counterparts in Nigerian with regular community and social development programs embedded in the schools curricular activities. Keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert.
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Understanding the secondary school girl’s susceptibility to HIV in Takoradi, Ghana : case study of Takoradi Senior High School (TSHS) - Agoe, Isaac Mensah (2011)
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Resources for Teaching Reading in the Secondary Schools in Ilesah Urban Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria - Agun, J.I; Ekundayo, S.A (2011)
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Resources for Teaching Reading in the Secondary Schools in Ilesah Urban Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria - Agun, J.I; Ekundayo, S.A (2011)
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Agricultural Innovations for Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security in West Africa: The Case of Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia - Agwu, Ekwe Agwu; Amadu, Festus O.; Morlai, Teddy Amara; Wollor, Emmanuel Topor; Cegbe, Leroy W. (2011)
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Agricultural Innovations for Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia: Empirical Evidence - Agwu, Ekwe Agwu; Egbule, Chukwudemebi Leticia; Amadu, Festus O.; Morlai, Teddy Amara; Wollor, Emmanuel Topor; Cegbe, Leroy W. (2011)
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Exploring the potential of the will, skill, tool model in Ghana: Predicting prospective and practicing teachers’ use of technology - Agyei, Douglas Darko; Voogt, Joke (Computers & Education, 2011)
Research has shown that will (positive attitudes), skill (technology competency), and tool (access to technology tools) are all essential ingredients for a teacher to effectively integrate information technology into classroom practices. This study focuses on the will, skill and tool as essential measures for the predictability of technology integration, reported by the study participants and measured by stages of adoption of teachers in Ghana. Attempts are made to explore the extent to which these parameters differ among the teachers and also influence technology integration. Furthermore, the parameters are proposed for use in modelling the process of technology integration for these teachers. Well validated instruments spanning the areas of attitudes, competencies, access and technology integration proficiencies were used to collect data from 120 mathematics prospective teachers and 60 practicing mathematics teachers from Ghana. The data was analyzed using regression analysis. The results indicated that lack of teacher anxiety was the most important dimension of attitudes, and that skill is the strongest predictor of classroom integration of technology for the teachers. Significant differences existed between practicing and prospective teachers' computer anxieties, competencies, and access levels.
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Education and Democracy in Senegal - Agyepong, Stephen (African and Asian Studies, 2011)
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Spatio-temporal analysis of two coastal wetland systems in Ghana: Addressing ecosystem vulnerability and implications for fisheries development in the context of climate and land use changes - Aheto; Mensah; Aggrey-Fynn; Obodai; Okyere (Archives of Applied Science Research, 2011)
Lagoons and estuaries are among Ghana’s most critical habitats providing fish and other wildlife resources in support of the country’s economy. In the context of climate change, it is feared that these ecosystems are faced with enormous threat. Possible impacts relate to sea level rise (SLR) that may result in widespread loss of these habitats. Land use changes around wetlands could magnify the impacts of climate change on these ecosystems and may be disastrous for the welfare of coastal communities due to its potential impacts on property, water and food security. This paper addressed the question of ecosystem vulnerability in the context of climatic and land use stressors on fisheries biodiversity in two coastal ecosystems. Fish biodiversity and aquatic environmental parameters were used as surrogates of their ecological condition. Ecosystem vulnerability to possible climate and land use changes during a period of nearly three decades (1973-2010) was analyzed by the application of GIS. The Whin estuary in comparison to the Butuah lagoon generally reflects a highly productive system for fisheries development, meriting adaptation and management planning. However, the possible effects of climate change attributable to SLR could potentially frustrate these efforts due to potential increases in water surface geometry into wetland corridors with negative impacts for fisheries development. Land use changes around the water bodies if not properly managed, could exacerbate the climatic impacts. This study deployed baseline screening scenarios to provide first-hand scientific information that could inform broader vulnerability studies in support of ecosystem management for sustainable development.
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Resilience of female headed farming households in times of drought : a case study of Enderta woreda, female headed households Tigray, Ethiopia in times of drought - Ahmed, Haseeb (2011)
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