Review of gynaecological hysterectomies at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Ikechebelu, JI; Onwusulu, DN (Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 2011)
There were 605 gynaecological surgeries and 79 (13.1%) hysterectomies. Out of this number only 64 case notes were available forthis study. Thirty seven (57.8%) were abdominal hysterectomies, 27 (42.2%) were vaginal while there was no laparoscopic hysterectomy.Overall, the commonest indication for hysterectomy was utero-vaginal prolapse (45.3%) followed by uterine fibroid while the commonestindication for abdominal hysterectomy was uterine fibroid (56.8%). Abdominal hysterectomy was performed most commonly in the age groupof 45-49 years (45.9%). It was combined with bilateral oophorectomy in the age group of 46-50 years. There was need for blood transfusion in11 patients (29.7%). The average duration of hospital stay was 8.9 days. Most hysterectomies were done for patients with parity of 5 and above(67.2%). The peak age range for vaginal hysterectomy was between 60 and 64 years; Oophorectomy during vaginal hysterectomy was possiblein only one patient. The combined incidence of oophorectomy was 32.8%. The commonest post operative complication was urinary tractinfection (18.5%). The difference between the number of days post surgery for abdominal and vaginal procedures is not significant (p>0.05).There was no subtotal hysterectomy.
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Conflict Management in Kenyan Secondary Schools - Iravo, Mike (KCA Journal of business management, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to examine conflict management in organizations as experienced in Kenyan secondary schools. Using a descriptive research design we collected data from 43 secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. We found that when the management is knowledgeable in conflict resolution, the schools also performed better. In spite of the limitations of our study these results reflect the central role conflict management plays in achieving organizational goals. Ergo we recommend integration of conflict management in leadership development programs for school principals. Key words: Conflict, Management and Organizations.
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The development of a prototype uniform for high school girls in Swaziland - Ndlangamandla, Sibongile Buyisile (2011)
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LibGuides: Copyright and Related Issues: Copyright Guidelines for South African Schools - Nicholson, Denise (2011)
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A Relevant Education for African Development: - Nyamnjoh, Francis B. (2011)
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Enactment of student-centered approach in teaching Mathematics and Natural Sciences: The case of selected general secondary schools in Jimma zone, Ethiopia. - Bekele, Abebe; Melesse, Kassahun (Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences, 2011)
The study was initiated to assess the implementation of student-centered teaching of Mathematics and Natural Science subjects in three selected schools in Jimma and the surrounding towns.To this end, classroom observation method was utilized.Accordingly, 40 lessons of 24 teachers were observed.The observation result depicts that teachers were effectively utilizing prior knowledge of learners in starting their lessons.They were also active in making question rich learning environment.On the contrary, they were rated as poor in making classroom environment conducive for group learning. Utilization of learning materials and activities was also rated as low. Subject, school and grade wise comparison put relatively teachers teaching in Jimma UniversityCommunity school, Chemistry subject and grade nine students on the top but the rest on the other end of the spectrum although there is no statistically significant differences.Based on these findings, recommendations for action including area for further research were forwarded.
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Attitudes of Teachers towards Inclusive Education in Ethiopia - Beyene, Gebre Miruts; Tizazu, Y (Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences, 2011)
Many factors continue to affect and regulate the development of inclusive education in Ethiopia. A limited understanding of the concept disability, negative attitudes towards persons with disabilities and a hardened resistance to change are the major barrier impeding inclusive education. In response to this, there is a growing body of literature which argues that the problem should be approached methodically. Therefore, this paper reviews studies on attitudes of regular teachers towards inclusive education. It explores significance of attitudes, factors that might be affect teachers attitudes, teachers' role and training in an inclusive setting and challenges of inclusive education. Teachers' attitudes were found to be influenced by the nature and severity of the disabling condition, training of the teacher, experience, gender and availability of support. Implications from this review suggest the need to the availability of training, adapted curriculum, positive attitudes and utmost responsibility of the teachers.
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The University of Botswana and the University of Tromsø Collaborative Program: Its Relevance to Minority Education and San Youth Capacity-Building - Bolaane, Maitseo; Saugestad, Sidsel (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
This article highlights a multidisciplinary collaborative program between the University of Botswana and the University of Tromsø, Norway, focusing on San research and capacity-building. After 12 years of operation, this program led, in April 2010, to the creation of a new Research Center for San Studies at the University of Botswana. This research center will build on and expand the efforts of the initial collaborative program, which include research and teaching on the cultural, historical, social, economic, and legal situation of the San of southern Africa; capacity-building of San students and researchers; and advocacy. This article provides a brief retrospective of the UBTromsø program, with emphasis on the political context of San studies in Botswana and the challenges facing San youth in education systems.
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San Language Development for Education in Namibia: Progress and Challenges - Davids, Laurentius (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
After Namibian independence, the government introduced an education system aimed at providing equal education to all and fostering the establishment of a nonracial society. The formulation of the language policy was one of major initiatives of the democratically elected government of Namibia after independence. The goal of this policy is to foster the language identity of the children through the use of the mother tongue as the medium of instruction during the formative years of schooling, so that they can develop the skills of reading, writing, and concept formation using their mother tongue. However, most San students have no opportunity for mother-tongue education. Although 3 languages have developed orthographies, only 1 (Ju|'hoansi) is regarded as sufficiently developed to be adequately utilized as a medium of instruction in the formal education system; the others, !Xung and Khwedam, are still in the process of being developed for educational use. This article provides a background for all 3 languages and the general issues of language and education that confront the San in Namibia, and describes current government programs designed to improve access to mother-tongue education for San communities.
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Surgical Capacity Building in Uganda Through Twinning, Technology, and Training Camps - Haglund, Michael M.; Kiryabwire, Joel; Parker, Stephen; Zomorodi, Ali; MacLeod, David B.; Schroeder, Rebecca; Muhumuza, Michael; Merson, Michael H. (World journal of surgery, 2011)
Neurosurgical capacity is extremely deficient in East African countries where 27 neurosurgeons serve more than 250 million people. To build capacity, the Duke University Medical Center and New Mulago Hospital in Uganda applied a two-pronged twinning approach that placed usable surplus equipment in a developing country's National Hospital, combined with dedicated comprehensive surgical training camps.Neurosurgery, anesthesiology, nursing, and clinical engineering personnel supported three training camps. More than 21 tons of essential equipment was delivered to New Mulago Hospital in Uganda. Data was collected during the 2-year period preceding and following the initiation of the program.During the 2 years after the program began, neurosurgery demonstrated a significant increase (180%) in the number and complexity of cases performed (p<0.0001). Multiple cases performed in a single day increased eightfold (p<0.0001), with utilization of elective operating room days improving from 43 to 98%. There was no change in the number of hospital admissions over the 4 years (p>0.1), but there was a dramatic increase in the overall number of procedures performed by all surgical specialties (106%, p<0.0001).Through a twinning program combining delivery of surplus equipment and training camps, capacity building was accomplished and maintained. The program not only built overall surgical capacity, it improved the efficiency and increased the complexity of operative cases performed at the National Hospital in Uganda. This program could serve as a model for twinning, capacity building, and training in other developing countries where surgical disparities are among the greatest.
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Early Childhood Education for the San in Namibia: The Working Group of Indigenous Minorities Early Childhood Development Program - Haraseb, Victoria (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
The Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA) has been working to improve conditions for San communities since 1996. San communities in Namibia have an extremely high dropout rate compared to all other populations in the country, and one of WIMSA's most important areas of focus is education. Early Childhood Development (ECD) has been an important sub-focus because it is thought that children who attend preschool are more likely to complete their schooling. This article highlights the general problems San children face in school, and discusses WIMSA's ECD program, highlighting its objectives, some successes, and the challenges that it faces. Some important characteristics of this program include a strategy in which youth reach out to parents and communities, preschools built by the communities themselves, and the development of teachers from the community through teacher training. Ultimately, the goal is for the community to play a more active role in educational processes. Reaching this goal requires both encouraging more participation in formal education and recognizing the strengths of traditional education.
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Introduction to the Special Issue: Indigenous Education in Southern Africa: Research and Action - Hays, Jennifer (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
The eighth triennial World Indigenous Peoples Conference on Education (WIPC:E) was held in Melbourne, Australia on the traditional lands of the Kulin Nation from December 7–11, 2008. Over 3,000 del...
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Qualitative Exploration on the Application of Student-centered Learning in Mathematics and Natural Sciences: The case of Selected General Secondary Schools in Jimma, Ethiopia. - Hunde, AB; Tegegne, KM (Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences, 2011)
This is a qualitative study as a part of general study conducted to assess the enactment of student centered learning in Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Hence, this article intended to explore qualitatively the implementation of student-centered learning in Mathematics and Science subjects from the perspectives of students and teachers in the selected schools. To this end, Interviews and Focus Group Discussions were used to solicit information from teachers and students participants, respectively. The collected data categorized into different thematic areas and analysis was done accordingly. The result depicted that students and teachers participated in study have clear conceptual understanding of student-centered learning. However, the implementation was not going smoothly to the required level. This was attributed to constraint of learning materials, large class size, the need for covering contents in the syllabus, lack of interest from student's side because of various reasons and scarcity of professional teachers. Based on that, action for enhancing the implementation of student-centered learning as well as areas for further research were identified and implied.
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San Junior Secondary Students' Home–School Literacy Disconnection: A Case Study of a Remote Area Dweller School in Botswana - Ketsitlile, Lone Elizabeth (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
The study investigated how San students of Botswana, in a junior community secondary school, understood literacy in school and at home. A qualitative, narrative case study approach was used to gain a deeper understanding of what students value and understand by literacy from co-participants' and informants' perspectives. Findings across participants' stories revealed that they saw literacy as those things that had value to them, and these influenced how they read the word and the world. Storytelling, games, and singing were perceived as literacy by the 6 participants in the study and the 2 San informants. Knowledge of different plants, basket weaving, and sculpting were viewed as literacy to some of the participants. The conclusion is that the participants' ways of reading and knowing the word and the world need to be included in the school curriculum for the benefit of San and non-San Batswana students alike. Also, appropriate pedagogic strategies need to be adopted in San classrooms for San formal schoo...
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African American College Students at Predominantly White and Historically Black Colleges and Universities. - McDonald, Nicole L. (2011)
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five year review of caesarean section in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Anambra State, Nigeria. (1st jan.2002 – 31st dec. 2006). - Obiechina, Nja; Ezeama, Chukwuemeka Okwudili; Ugboaja, JO (Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 2011)
Context: Caesarean section is very central to the practice of safe obstetrics, especially in emergency obstetrics care. Frequent review of trends, indications, methods and complications is necessary to ensure safety.Objective: To determine the patients’ characteristics, indications, techniques and complications of caesarean section done in Nnamdi AzikiweUniversity Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria over a five year period.Subjects and methods: The case files of all patients who had caesarean section in the Hospital between 1st January, 2002 and 31st December, 2006 were retrospectively analysed. Parameters assessed include parity, booking status, nature of surgery, indications for surgery, complications and maternal outcome.Results: There were 2,847 deliveries within the review period with 535 caesarean sections done, giving an incidence of 18.8%. 76.9% of the patients were booked for antenatal care at the hospital while 23.1% were unbooked and were attended to as emergencies. 72.8% of the operations were emergency sections while 27.2 % were electively done. The main indications for the emergency procedures were poor progress/cephalopelvic disproportion (52.90%), obstructed labour (15.10%) and fetal distress (11.72%) while repeat caesarean sections accounted for the majority (66.7%) of elective cases followed by placenta praevia.(15.3%) 80.1% of the surgeries were done by the senior registrars and the rest,by the consultants. 71.1 % of cases were done under general anaesthesia and the rest under spinal anaesthesia. Majority (75%) of the surgeries were done through a sub umbilical midline incisions and the rest through a pfannestiel incision.3% of the surgeries were complicated of which haemorrhage (50%) and sepsis (25%) accounted for the majority of cases. Twelve maternal deaths (2.2%) were recorded within the period of review. The causes of death were mainly eclampsia (50%) and haemorrhage (33.3%).Conclusion: The incidence of caesarean section in our centre over the review period was high. Most of the surgeries were done as emergencies and none was carried out by a junior registrar. The morbidity and mortality rates were low.
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San Language Development for Education in South Africa: The South African San Institute and the San Language Committees - Pamo, Billies (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
This article focuses on the 3 San communities in South Africa: the !Xun, the Khwe, and the ‡Khomani San. The !Xun and Khwe communities are living in Platfontein, near Kimberley in the Northern Cape. The ‡Khomani San community is living in Upington and in the southern Kalahari, which are also in the Northern Cape. This study discusses challenges that San communities in South Africa face in the education system and describes efforts to improve the situation, especially those of the South African San Institute. The language committees established for each language group have also been an important step, as described in the second half of the study, alongside some recommendations for further activities.
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Secondary Education for San Students in Botswana: A New Xade Case Study - Sekere, Bihela (Diaspora, indigenous and minority education, 2011)
Much research in Botswana has shown that, although other ethnic groups have benefited from the state-funded education systems since independence in 1966, San children have been “left behind.” This case study is based on an investigation of the root causes of secondary school dropout among Rural Area Development Program students in New Xade, a new settlement established by the government after relocating the San (Basarwa) out of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. This study also looks at individual cases of some dropouts and examines their reasons for leaving school.
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The KhoeSan Early Learning Center Pilot Project: Negotiating Power and Possibility in a South African Institute of Higher Learning - Wet, Priscilla De (Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 2011)
As we search for a new paradigm in post-apartheid South Africa, the knowledge base and worldview of the KhoeSan first Indigenous peoples is largely missing. The South African government has established various mechanisms as agents for social change. Institutions of higher learning have implemented transformation programs. KhoeSan peoples, however, have obtained limited successes through their engagements with these institutions. This article looks at the implementation process of the KhoeSan Early Learning Center Pilot Project as a case study to explore the various challenges faced by KhoeSan first Indigenous peoples and project development in South Africa. This project was a collaborative effort between the University of the Free State and the Free State KhoeSan Language Council. The article discusses these challenges, as well as current discourses, with possible recommendations for constructive redress.
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The Role of Educational Administrators in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Anho, Roseline Okiemute (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The school system in Nigeria is often influenced by the constant changes that are occurring within the political institutions. The ability of the stakeholders and actors within the educational system to adapt to the organizational changes has attracted attention in the last decade. Currently, there is controversy as to the nature, pattern and methods of training teachers in the country. At the centre of the controversy is the confusion over the role of the educational administrators in secondary schools. This paper conducts a comprehensive assessment of the role of educational administrators in Nigeria in view of the dynamism of the constantly changing political and economic landscape. The paper presents information and recommendations on how teachers training and continuous professional development can be positively influenced by the school administrators.
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Possible correlation of Oligocene climate changes with Ethiopian Oligocene ignimbrite eruptions - Ayalew, Dereje (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2011)
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How university academics respond to the introduction of new quality policies in South African higher education - Brown, Vanessa Jane Kathleen (2011)
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Responses of early childhood teachers to curriculum change in South Africa - Clasquin-Johnson, Mary G. (2011)
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Social learning among Congo Basin hunter–gatherers - Hewlett, Barry S.; Fouts, Hillary N.; Boyette, Adam H.; Hewlett, Bonnie L. (Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences (Print), 2011)
This paper explores childhood social learning among Aka and Bofi hunter-gatherers in Central Africa. Existing literature suggests that hunter-gatherer social learning is primarily vertical (parent-to-child) and that teaching is rare. We use behavioural observations, open-ended and semi-structured interviews, and informal and anecdotal observations to examine the modes (e.g. vertical versus horizontal/oblique) and processes (e.g. teaching versus observation and imitation) of cultural transmission. Cultural and demographic contexts of social learning associated with the modes and processes of cultural transmission are described. Hunter-gatherer social learning occurred early, was relatively rapid, primarily vertical under age 5 and oblique and horizontal between the ages of 6 and 12. Pedagogy and other forms of teaching existed as early as 12 months of age, but were relatively infrequent by comparison to other processes of social learning such as observation and imitation.
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Marketing for higher education institutions: determinants of customers’ satisfaction at a Syrian Business School: Determinants of customers’ satisfaction at a Syrian Business School - Massoud, Hiba; Kaakeh, Huda; Ayoubi, Rami (2011)
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Does the notion of "The digital divide" have descriptive validity in South African Education? - Ndlovu, Nokulunga Sithabile (2011)
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Investigating the take-up of open educational resources for maths teacher education : a case study in six higher education sites in South Africa. - Sapire, Ingrid (2011)
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The primary school leavers problem in Zambia : official policies and attempted solutions since independence - Banda, Chikomeni Japhet (2011)
This study attempts to critically examine the governments policies towards the primary school leavers problem in Gambia since independence* The primary school leavers problem is a result of the policy of education expansion adopted at independence* This policy was a response to both manpower needs of a newly independent state and the demand for education by the people* The successful implementation of this policy has led to the primary school leavers problem* There has been a mismatch between the expansion of the primary sector and the secondary sector of the school system* This has led to a situation where many thousands of primary school leavers are unable to enter secondary schools every year* These school leavers have very few chances to either continue with their education or to be productively absorbed in the economy .The Government has attempted several policies to try to arrest the situation. In Chapter Three, we examine those policies which have attempted to solve the problem within the absorb as many school leavers as possible, or by reforming the school curriculum, to produce school leavers who are equipped with relevant skills for employment or self-employment. There is very little evidence to show that these efforts have made any significant contribution to mitigate the plight of the primary school leavers. The introduction of mass solution outside the school system also had negligible impact on the primary school leavers problem in Zambia, in Chapter Four, we show that organisations like the Zambia Youth Service, Zambia National Service and the Kural leconstruction Centres, have proved to be inefficient in their training programmes and unjustifiably expensivt, Such programmes just frustrate the Youths. The training of school leavers by the small scale community based training schemes has proved to be more successful than these other training schemes* However, these schemes only affect a very small proportion of school leavers due to lack of means to expand their services* Government policy towards these community based training schemes has not been very clear for a long time and only a few schemes have benefited from the help which is offered by the government. This study concludes that the ultimate solution to the primary school leavers problem lies in the solving of the economic problems, which are the root cause of the school leavers problem. However, since this is a long term thing,the study recommends that as a short term measure, the government,particularly the Ministry of Youth and Sports, should do everything possible to help improve the running of those training schemes that have proved successful in training primary school leavers in skills which enable them to play a useful role in the economy
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A survey of mental skills training among South African field hockey players at tertiary institutions - Eloff, Maryke; Monyeki, M.A.; Grobbelaar, Heinrich W. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
The aims of the study were to determine student field hockey players’ perceived need for Mental skills training (MST), and their perceptions regarding their ability to prepare psychologically for matches, as well as to compile a general profile of their psychological skills for the total groupand by gender. A total of 197 (91 men and 106 women) South African field hockey players at tertiary institutions who participated in the University Sport of South Africa (USSA) tournament, took part in the study. The subjects completed two standardised sport psychological questionnaires (the Psychological Skills Inventory (PSI) and the Ottawa Mental SkillsAssessment Tool-3 (OMSAT-3). Descriptive statistics, t-tests and frequency analyses were calculated using SPSS for Windows (Version 3.1). The results from the PSI questionnaire showed poor values for skills such as goal directedness, activation control, maintaining selfconfidence, concentration and imagery among the total group. Significant gender differences in which the male subjects performed better than the females were observed for concentration, achievement motivation and activation control. The highest mean scores on the OMSAT-3 were found for goal setting, self-confidence and commitment. Significant gender differences were observed for goal setting and commitment (in which the females performed better than themales), whilst the males fared better than the females in stress reaction. The participants in the study perceived MST as an important tool to enhance performance in field hockey. From these results, it can be recommended that sport psychologists and other role players in field hockey pay more attention to the development and implementation of MST programmes.Keywords: Mental skills training, field hockey, sport psychology, South African student sport.
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How South African teachers make sense of language-in-education policies in practice - Mashiyi, Fidelia Nomakhaya Nobesuthu (2011)
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International students from Africa : the impact that living in South Africa has on one's sense of identity. - Zar, Doron (2011)
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Food insecurity, school absenteeism and educational attainment of adolescents in Jimma Zone Southwest Ethiopia: a longitudinal study - Belachew, Tefera; Hadley, Craig; Lindstrom, David P.; Gebremariam, Abebe; Lachat, Carl; Kolsteren, Patrick (Nutrition Journal, 2011)
Food insecurity not only affects physical growth and health of children but also their intellectual development, school attendance and academic performance. However, most evidences are based on studies in high income countries. Although food insecurity is common in Ethiopia, to what extent it affects school attendance and educational attainment of adolescents is not explored. We hypothesized that food insecure adolescents would be more likely to be absent from school and have lower grades attained after 1 year compared to their food secure peers. We used data from 2009 adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years from two consecutive surveys of a five year longitudinal family study in Southwest Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling was used to select participants. Regression analyses were used to compare school absenteeism and the highest grade attained after 1 year of follow-up in food secure and insecure adolescents. The analysis was adjusted for demographic factors, reported illness and workload. Significantly more (33.0%) food insecure adolescents were absent from school compared with their food secure peers (17.8%, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for gender, place of residence and gender of the household head, adolescent food insecurity [OR 1.77 (1.34-2.33)], severe household food insecurity [OR 1.62 (1.27-2.06)], illness during the past one month before the survey [OR 2.26 (1.68-3.06)], the highest grade aspired to be completed by the adolescent [OR 0.92 (0.88-0.96)], and the number of days that the adolescent had to work per week [OR 1.16 (1.07-1.26)] were independent predictors of school absenteeism. Similarly after controlling for household income and gender of the household head, adolescent food insecurity(P < 0.001), severe household food insecurity(P < 0.001), illness during the last month(P < 0.001) and rural residence(P < 0.001) were inversely associated with highest grade attained, while age of the adolescent(P < 0.001), the highest grade intended to be completed(P < 0.001) and residence in semi urban area(P < 0.001) were positively associated with the highest grade attained. Adolescent and household food insecurity are positively associated with school absenteeism and a lower educational attainment. Programs aiming to achieve universal access to primary education in food insecure environments should integrate interventions to ensure food security of adolescents.
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Uganda - Post Primary Education and Training Program : P110803 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 04 - Brar, Sukhdeep (2011)
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Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome Education for All - Fast Track Initiative Program : P114824 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 - Martins, Geraldo Joao (2011)
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ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS' IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KENYA: Factors Affecting Academic Performance in Schools in Meru South District, Kenya - Mugambi, Mercy (2011)
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African Teachers on the Colonial Frontier - Volz, Stephen (2011)
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Benthic foraminiferal assemblages as pollution proxies in the northern coast of Gabes Gulf, Tunisia - Aloulou, Fatma; Elleuch, Boubaker; Kallel, Monem (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011)
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Analysis of Technical efficiency of Secondary Schools in Zambia - Chaampita, Mutinta (2011)
The importance of quality and efficient education sector has attracted a lot of attention both in terms of academic work and political commitment in developed countries. In contrast, there has been little work done concerning efficiency of the education sector carried out in African countries. Zambia today is no exception; there is an increasing demand for more secondary school education to match the needs of a growing population in Zambia. A lack of adequate resources presents a binding constraint. The efficiency with which available resources are being utilized is another challenge that cannot be overlooked. The high school education sub-sector (Grades 10-12) has not expanded since the 1970s (FNDP 2005). There is an added problem of poor performance among schools. Pass rates at Grade 12 level is consistently below 70% since 2000. Weaknesses in the operations of schools undermine their service coverage potential even in situations where funding is not the main constraining problem resulting in a poor service delivery system. The study used stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analyses which are parametric and non parametric methods respectively to calculate efficiency score for each school. The parametric specification estimated technical efficiency assuming exponential distribution. The non parametric specification used constant and variable returns to scale in calculating efficiency. School level data from Examination Council of Zambia and Ministry of Education respectively was used. We used School enrolment and number of pupils who obtain Grade 12 School Certificate as outputs. Recurrent expenditure, number of classrooms in a school, Pupil teacher ratio and book- to- pupil ratio were used as inputs. The average technical efficiency measured by the stochastic production frontier method is 82% for enrolment. The DEA mean efficiency score is 77% and 65% for pass rate and enrolment respectively. We did not obtain technical efficiency scores for pass rate using SFA because it failed to display the asymmetric error term required to model inefficiency. Also one hundred and thirty observations out of two hundred and one observations have consistent rankings between SFA and DEA. The rank order correlation coefficient of efficiency is 0.66 between the two methods. This study has demonstrated that inefficiency of resource use in schools is significant. The unsuitable scale of operation of secondary schools can be used as a productivity control tool. Policy attention is drawn to the rank order correlation coefficient which suggests that using either DEA or SFA is sufficient to identify efficient schools.
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Exploring Mobile-only Internet Use: Results of a Training Study in Urban South Africa - Donner, Jonathan; Gitau, Shikoh; Marsden, Gary (International Journal of Communication, 2011)
Using an ethnographic action research approach, the study explores the challenges, practices, and emergent framings of mobile-only Internet use in a resource-constrained setting. We trained eight women in a nongovernmental organization’s collective in South Africa, none of whom had used a personal computer, how to access the Internet on mobile handsets they already owned. Six months after training, most continued to use the mobile Internet for a combination of utility, entertainment, and connection, but they had encountered barriers, including affordability and difficulty of use. Participants’ assessments mingled aspirational and actual utility of the channel with and against a background of socioeconomic constraints. Discussion links the digital literacy perspective to the broader theoretical frameworks of domestication, adaptive structuration, and appropriation.
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An evaluation of library support services for Distance education students at University of Zambia - Kakana, Fabian (2011)
Distance education is one of the most popular forms of education offered world wide to those students who have had no opportunity to enroll full time in various educational institutions including universities. Distance education is also seen to be cost effective especially in developing countries such as Zambia which do not have adequate educational infrastructure to support the growing population in need of education. The University of Zambia is one of those educational institutions of higher learning in Zambia that has been offering distance education for more than 40 years. hi recent past, the university has witnessed a sharp increase in the number of people that have enrolled as distance students. The records obtained from the Directorate of Distance Education, shows an increase of distance learners' from 314 during 1996/7 academic year to 1165 during 2003/4 academic year[1]. This upswing in the number of distance learners has necessitated the university management to institute a number of reforms to improve the capacity of Directorate of Distance Education so that it can stand the pressure of serving the increased number of distance education students. However, these reforms have not included library services for distance education programmes at the institution. This survey therefore presents the findings of the research conducted on the existing library services support for distance education students at University of Zambia (UNZA). The main objective of the research was to evaluate the University of Zambia's provision of library and information services to its distance learners and the extent to which these services meet the needs of the learners. The study was done with a view to suggesting ways in which library information provision to distance students at UNZA could be improved. Data collection was done at UNZA in Lusaka-Zambia. A total number of 66 people (respondents) were interviewed in this survey. 46 were members of staff working at UNZA who included lecturers, Directorate of Distance Education staff, Central Administration staff and Library staff. The distance education students interviewed were 20 from Lusaka and the Copper belt. The findings of the study revealed that the University of Zambia Library has problems in meeting the information needs of distance learners. The University Library for instance, does not have regional Libraries to carter for those students living in far places. The study also revealed that very few reforms have taken place in the library to improve distance learners access to information. The Library has almost no cooperation with other Libraries in the country and only coordinates with Directorate of Distance Education (DDE) during residential schools in providing short library orientations to distance education students. In addition, no information literacy courses are offered to distance education at UNZA thus making it difficult for students to search for information independently. As a result, Distance learners largely depend on printed teaching…
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DREAM OF EXILE, PROMISE OF HOME: LANGUAGE, EDUCATION, AND ARABISM IN ALGERIA - McDougall, James (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2011)
Abstract In Algeria as in many other cases, experiences of exile and diaspora played a major role in the creation of nationalist politics in the 20th century; exile has also been a recurring literary figure in expressions of Algerian cultural politics since independence. This article examines a range of literary sources to consider the politics of language and culture in Algeria since the 1940s. It shows how identification with Arabism has enabled Algerians to articulate claims to community, solidarity, and sovereignty, first in a conception of national “salvation” against the colonial state and then as both a state-sponsored project of political legitimacy and an indication of the limits of that project. A sense of these limits can be gained by a brief consideration of the complexity of the country's sociolinguistic landscape and the often unorthodox creativity of its literary self-expression since independence.
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The construct validity and reliability of the child memory scale, the search and memory task, and the Toulouse-Pieron Test for a sample of South African primary school learners. - Merwe, Van der; Maria, Hester (2011)
5 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1 Brief Historic Overview 14 2.2 Test Bias 16 2.3 The role of culture, language and gender in psychological testing 20 2.4 Remedies for test bias 22 2.5 Validity and Reliability 23 2.6 Memory 24 2.6.1 Atkinson and Shiffrin Model 25 2.6.2 Baddeley and Hitch’s Model of Memory 27 2.7 Gender differences 34 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 36 3.
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A Survey of Secondary School Pupils' Vocational and Technical Subjects Preferences in the Makonde District of Zimbabwe. - Munikwa, Simbarashe; Chinamasa, Emmanuel (Zimbabwe journal of technology sciences, 2011)
The study was conducted to establish secondary school pupils' vocational and technical subject preferences, factors accounting for preference distribution and the extent to which schools are meeting pupils' preferences. A descriptive survey was employed to collect data from a purposive sample of eight schools. A sample of 640 pupils drawn from forms one to four responded to questionnaires and interviews held at their schools. The study revealed that pupils preferred the following vocational and technical subjects: Computer Studies, Fashion and Fabrics, Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, Wood-work, Building Studies, Metalwork, Technical Drawing, and Art. The majority of schools are offering Fashion and Fabrics, Agriculture, Building and only one school offers Metalwork. Pupils' ranking of subjects is influenced by employment opportunities attached to the subject combinations. 9.4% of the respondents were not doing any vocational/technical subject contrary to Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture Circular Number 3 of 2002. Schools are not meeting pupils' vocational and technical subjects' preferences due to non-availability of preferred subjects or imposition of vocational and technical subjects on students. The study recommends a national survey on pupils' subject preferences and a decentralised vocational curriculum encompassing pupils' preferences.
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Exploring the Nature and Practice of Career Guidance in Secondary Schools in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. - Mutungwe, Edlight; Dondo, B; Tsvere, Maria; Mumanyi, O (Zimbabwe journal of technology sciences, 2011)
The study sought to establish the nature and practice of career guidance in Mashonaland West secondary schools. A descriptive survey was used to collect data during career guidance day sessions in Zvimba, Makonde and Karoi. A cluster sample of 344 participants composed of teachers, pupils, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare officials provided information through questionnaires and interviews. Findings revealed that secondary schools in Mashonaland West province had no time-tabled sessions for career guidance. The ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social welfare in conjunction with the ministry of Education Sport and Culture organized career day sessions annually. Different service providers are gathered at one school and form three and four pupils from different schools converge for the occasion. Lectures, demonstrations and handouts provide information about employers' expectations and the “O”level subject requirements for specific careers. Participating facilitators were mainly from government departments. Students felt that career guidance was done rather late at form three when some of them had already dropped critical subjects like mathematics. Students' career choices had gender biases reflecting traditional beliefs in careers for men and woman. The spectrum of facilitators was narrow for adequate information for them to make informed career choices. Teachers had no literature on different careers hence unable to assist pupils. It is recommended that more participants from the private sector be involved in career guidance. Teachers' receive information on careers through workshops at provincial level. Form one pupils should be included in career guidance. A policy on career guidance is called for to ensure its serious implementation in schools.
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Mathematics Education in Nigeria: Gender and Spatial Dimensions of Enrolment - Salman, M. F.; Yahaya, Lasiele Alabi; Adewara, A. A. (International journal of educational sciences, 2011)
The study aimed to identify the degree of the administrative creativity of the public principals' practice in Tafila Directorate of Education.The sample consisted of 402 teachers (male and female) chosen randomly.The instrument of this study included 36 items.Means, standard deviations, and 3 -way ANOVA were used for statistical purposes.The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences for the interaction of gender with experience, the interaction of experience with scientific qualification and the interaction of gender, experience and qualification.According to the results it is recommended that the Directorate of Education in Tafila Province should hold training courses to develop the principals' competence in administrative creativity skills, motivating the teachers who hold bachelor degrees or less to join high programs in education (General diploma, master) to develop their academic and educational knowledge.
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The training and professional expectations of medical students in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique - Ferrinho, Paulo; Sidat, Mohsin; Fresta, Mário; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Fronteira, Inês; Silva, Florinda da; Mercer, Hugo; Cabral, Jorge; Dussault, Gilles (Human resources for health, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations of medical students during the 2007-2008 academic year at the public medical schools of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, and to identify their social and geographical origins, their professional expectations and difficulties relating to their education and professional future.Data were collected through a standardised questionnaire applied to all medical students registered during the 2007-2008 academic year.Students decide to study medicine at an early age. Relatives and friends seem to have an especially important influence in encouraging, reinforcing and promoting the desire to be a doctor.The degree of feminization of the student population differs among the different countries.Although most medical students are from outside the capital cities, expectations of getting into medical school are already associated with migration from the periphery to the capital city, even before entering medical education.Academic performance is poor. This seems to be related to difficulties in accessing materials, finances and insufficient high school preparation.Medical students recognize the public sector demand but their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work, in order to improve their earnings. Salary expectations of students vary between the three countries.Approximately 75% want to train as hospital specialists and to follow a hospital-based career. A significant proportion is unsure about their future area of specialization, which for many students is equated with migration to study abroad.Medical education is an important national investment, but the returns obtained are not as efficient as expected. Investments in high-school preparation, tutoring, and infrastructure are likely to have a significant impact on the success rate of medical schools. Special attention should be given to the socialization of students and the role model status of their teachers.In countries with scarce medical resources, the hospital orientation of students' expectations is understandable, although it should be associated with the development of skills to coordinate hospital work with the network of peripheral facilities. Developing a local postgraduate training capacity for doctors might be an important strategy to help retain medical doctors in the home country.
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The training and professional expectations of medical students in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique - Ferrinho, Paulo; Sidat, Mohsin; Fresta, Mário; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Fronteira, Inês; Silva, Florinda da; Mercer, Hugo; Cabral, Jorge; Dussault, Gilles (Human resources for health, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations of medical students during the 2007-2008 academic year at the public medical schools of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, and to identify their social and geographical origins, their professional expectations and difficulties relating to their education and professional future.Data were collected through a standardised questionnaire applied to all medical students registered during the 2007-2008 academic year.Students decide to study medicine at an early age. Relatives and friends seem to have an especially important influence in encouraging, reinforcing and promoting the desire to be a doctor.The degree of feminization of the student population differs among the different countries.Although most medical students are from outside the capital cities, expectations of getting into medical school are already associated with migration from the periphery to the capital city, even before entering medical education.Academic performance is poor. This seems to be related to difficulties in accessing materials, finances and insufficient high school preparation.Medical students recognize the public sector demand but their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work, in order to improve their earnings. Salary expectations of students vary between the three countries.Approximately 75% want to train as hospital specialists and to follow a hospital-based career. A significant proportion is unsure about their future area of specialization, which for many students is equated with migration to study abroad.Medical education is an important national investment, but the returns obtained are not as efficient as expected. Investments in high-school preparation, tutoring, and infrastructure are likely to have a significant impact on the success rate of medical schools. Special attention should be given to the socialization of students and the role model status of their teachers.In countries with scarce medical resources, the hospital orientation of students' expectations is understandable, although it should be associated with the development of skills to coordinate hospital work with the network of peripheral facilities. Developing a local postgraduate training capacity for doctors might be an important strategy to help retain medical doctors in the home country.
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The training and professional expectations of medical students in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique - Ferrinho, Paulo; Sidat, Mohsin; Fresta, Mário; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Fronteira, Inês; Silva, Florinda da; Mercer, Hugo; Cabral, Jorge; Dussault, Gilles (Human resources for health, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations of medical students during the 2007-2008 academic year at the public medical schools of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, and to identify their social and geographical origins, their professional expectations and difficulties relating to their education and professional future.Data were collected through a standardised questionnaire applied to all medical students registered during the 2007-2008 academic year.Students decide to study medicine at an early age. Relatives and friends seem to have an especially important influence in encouraging, reinforcing and promoting the desire to be a doctor.The degree of feminization of the student population differs among the different countries.Although most medical students are from outside the capital cities, expectations of getting into medical school are already associated with migration from the periphery to the capital city, even before entering medical education.Academic performance is poor. This seems to be related to difficulties in accessing materials, finances and insufficient high school preparation.Medical students recognize the public sector demand but their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work, in order to improve their earnings. Salary expectations of students vary between the three countries.Approximately 75% want to train as hospital specialists and to follow a hospital-based career. A significant proportion is unsure about their future area of specialization, which for many students is equated with migration to study abroad.Medical education is an important national investment, but the returns obtained are not as efficient as expected. Investments in high-school preparation, tutoring, and infrastructure are likely to have a significant impact on the success rate of medical schools. Special attention should be given to the socialization of students and the role model status of their teachers.In countries with scarce medical resources, the hospital orientation of students' expectations is understandable, although it should be associated with the development of skills to coordinate hospital work with the network of peripheral facilities. Developing a local postgraduate training capacity for doctors might be an important strategy to help retain medical doctors in the home country.
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The training and professional expectations of medical students in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique - Ferrinho, Paulo; Sidat, Mohsin; Fresta, Mário; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Fronteira, Inês; Silva, Florinda da; Mercer, Hugo; Cabral, Jorge; Dussault, Gilles (Human resources for health, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations of medical students during the 2007-2008 academic year at the public medical schools of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, and to identify their social and geographical origins, their professional expectations and difficulties relating to their education and professional future.Data were collected through a standardised questionnaire applied to all medical students registered during the 2007-2008 academic year.Students decide to study medicine at an early age. Relatives and friends seem to have an especially important influence in encouraging, reinforcing and promoting the desire to be a doctor.The degree of feminization of the student population differs among the different countries.Although most medical students are from outside the capital cities, expectations of getting into medical school are already associated with migration from the periphery to the capital city, even before entering medical education.Academic performance is poor. This seems to be related to difficulties in accessing materials, finances and insufficient high school preparation.Medical students recognize the public sector demand but their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work, in order to improve their earnings. Salary expectations of students vary between the three countries.Approximately 75% want to train as hospital specialists and to follow a hospital-based career. A significant proportion is unsure about their future area of specialization, which for many students is equated with migration to study abroad.Medical education is an important national investment, but the returns obtained are not as efficient as expected. Investments in high-school preparation, tutoring, and infrastructure are likely to have a significant impact on the success rate of medical schools. Special attention should be given to the socialization of students and the role model status of their teachers.In countries with scarce medical resources, the hospital orientation of students' expectations is understandable, although it should be associated with the development of skills to coordinate hospital work with the network of peripheral facilities. Developing a local postgraduate training capacity for doctors might be an important strategy to help retain medical doctors in the home country.
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The training and professional expectations of medical students in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique - Ferrinho, Paulo; Sidat, Mohsin; Fresta, Mário; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Fronteira, Inês; Silva, Florinda da; Mercer, Hugo; Cabral, Jorge; Dussault, Gilles (Human resources for health, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations of medical students during the 2007-2008 academic year at the public medical schools of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, and to identify their social and geographical origins, their professional expectations and difficulties relating to their education and professional future.Data were collected through a standardised questionnaire applied to all medical students registered during the 2007-2008 academic year.Students decide to study medicine at an early age. Relatives and friends seem to have an especially important influence in encouraging, reinforcing and promoting the desire to be a doctor.The degree of feminization of the student population differs among the different countries.Although most medical students are from outside the capital cities, expectations of getting into medical school are already associated with migration from the periphery to the capital city, even before entering medical education.Academic performance is poor. This seems to be related to difficulties in accessing materials, finances and insufficient high school preparation.Medical students recognize the public sector demand but their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work, in order to improve their earnings. Salary expectations of students vary between the three countries.Approximately 75% want to train as hospital specialists and to follow a hospital-based career. A significant proportion is unsure about their future area of specialization, which for many students is equated with migration to study abroad.Medical education is an important national investment, but the returns obtained are not as efficient as expected. Investments in high-school preparation, tutoring, and infrastructure are likely to have a significant impact on the success rate of medical schools. Special attention should be given to the socialization of students and the role model status of their teachers.In countries with scarce medical resources, the hospital orientation of students' expectations is understandable, although it should be associated with the development of skills to coordinate hospital work with the network of peripheral facilities. Developing a local postgraduate training capacity for doctors might be an important strategy to help retain medical doctors in the home country.
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The impact of integrating food supplementation, nutritional education and HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) on the nutritional status of patients living with HIV/AIDS in Mozambique: results from the DREAM Programme. - Scarcella, P; Buonomo, E; Zimba, I; Altan, Doro; Germano, Paola; Palombi, Leonardo; Mc, Marazzi (PubMed, 2011)
DREAM (Drug Resources Enhancement against AIDS and Malnutrition) is a multiregional health program active in Mozambique since 2002 and provides free of charge an integrating package of care consisting of peer to peer nutritional and health education, food supplementation, voluntary counseling and testing, immunological, virological, clinical assessment and HAART (Highly Active AntiRetroviral Treatment). The main goals of this paper are to describe the state of health and nutrition and the adequacy of the diet of a sample of HIV/AIDS patients in Mozambique on HAART and not. A single-arm retrospective cohort study was conducted. 106 HIV/AIDS adult patients (84 in HAART), all receiving food supplementation and peer-to-peer nutritional education, were randomly recruited in Mozambique in two public health centres where DREAM is running. The programme is characterized by: provision of HAART, clinical and laboratory monitoring, peer to peer health and nutritional education and food supplementation. We measured BMI, haemoglobin, viral load, CD4 count at baseline (T0) and after at least 1 year (T1). Dietary intake was estimated using 24h food recall and dietary diversity was assessed by using the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) at T1. Overall, the patients'diet appeared to be quite balanced in nutrients. In the cohort not in HAART the mean BMI values showed an increases but not significant (initial value: 21.9 ± 2.9; final value: 22.5 ± 3.3 ) and the mean haemoglobin values (g/dl) showed a significant increases (initial value: 10.5+ 2.1; final value: 11.5 ± 1.7 p< 0.024) . In the cohort in HAART, both the mean of BMI value (initial value: 20.7 ± 3.9; final value: 21.9 ± 3.3 p< 0.001) and of haemoglobin (initial value: 9.9 ± 2.2; final value: 10.8 ± 1.7 p< 0.001) showed a higher significant increase. The increase in BMI was statistically associated with the DDS in HAART patients. In conclusion nutritional status improvement was observed in both cohorts. The improvement in BMI was significant and substantially higher in HAART patients because of the impact of HAART on nutritional status of AIDS patients. Subjects on HAART and with a DDS > 5, showed a substantial BMI gain. This association showed an additional expression of the synergic effect of integrating food supplementation, nutritional education and HAART on the nutritional status of African AIDS patients and also highlights the complementary role of an adequate and diversified diet in persons living with HIV/AIDS in resources limited settings.
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Djibouti - Second School Access and Improvement : P086994 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 12 - Djemmal, Christina W. (2011)
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Students Access to Housing: A Case of Lagos State University Students – Nigeria - Yusuff, Olabisi Sherifat (Journal of Sustainable Development, 2011)
This study looks at access to housing among the students of Lagos State University.The study employed three methods of data collection: structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and some case studies.The analysis of data was done by simple percentage and frequency distribution.The information gathered reveals that the past rigid frame of house-owners of denying single-girls accommodation had softened.Female students now have access to accommodation in housing market.Furthermore, information gathered indicates that most students suffer one form of discrimination or the other which include: incessant increase in house rent, domestic violence and neighours disturbances.Late arrival for lectures and non-conducive atmosphere were some of the challenges faced by students of the University.All these factors may influence negatively on students academic studies.However, it is important that the university get involved in sourcing and solving students' accommodation problem and mediating between the students and the house-owners within the communities.
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Under funding of education and its complications for human resources management in Nigeria - Agba; Agba, MA (Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy, 2011)
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LibGuides: Resources for Blind and Visually-Impaired Persons: Copyright Legislation in South Africa - Nicholson, Denise (2011)
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Educational and socio-cultural challenges of immigrant students in a South African school - Adebanji, Charles Adedayo (2011)
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Spatial Justice and Climate Change: Multiscale Impacts and Local Development in Durban, South Africa - Anguelovski, Isabelle; Roberts, Debra (2011)
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A consumer analysis of service provision offered by a university to its resident students in South Africa - Chambati, Ronald; Fatoki, Olawale (African Journal of Business Management, 2011)
The accommodation services sector has emerged as one of the highly demanded service industries in South Africa. The objectives of the study were: To investigate empirically if resident students (customers) are satisfied with the services (accommodation) provided by the University. Secondly, to investigate empirically the perception of resident students (customers) on the use of relationship marketing by the management of the university with respect to accommodation, and thirdly, to investigate empirically if resident students (customers) are loyal to the accommodation services provided by the University. The research used the simple random sampling method. Self-administered questionnaire was utilised for data collection and a sample of 140 respondents was used to obtain information about consumer perceptions and expected levels of accommodation services. The chi-square goodness of fit, T-test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The research findings indicated that, customers are not satisfied with services provided by the University residence management; there is no relationship marketing and customers are not loyal to the services provided by the University. The results obtained from the survey indicated that, customer relationship marketing is important for service delivery and enhances the ability of the management to effectively deliver on service provision resulting in enhanced customer satisfaction and loyalty. Key words: Relationship marketing, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty.
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the Machaze (Mw 7, 2006, Mozambique) Earthquake: Co and post seismic surface displacement carachterisation using multiband InSAR. - Michele, Marcello de; Raucoules, Daniel; Feitio, P.; Briole, Pierre; Fonseca, J. F. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011)
In this study we investigate the surface deformation related to the 2006 Machaze earthquake using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and sub-pixel correlation of radar amplitude images. We focus on surface displacement measurement during three stages of the seismic cycle. Firstly, we investigate the co-seismic stage, using Advanced SAR (ASAR) sensor onboard the Envisat satellite. Secondly, we investigate the postseismic stage using the Phase Array L-band SAR sensor (PALSAR) onboard the ALOS satellite.Thirdly, we focus on the interseismic stage, prior to the earthquake by analysing the L-band JERS-1 SAR data. The high degree of signal decorrelation in the C-band coseismic interferogram impedes a correct positioning of the surface rupture and correct phase unwrapping. The postseismic L-band interferograms reveals a time constant surface displacement causing subsidence of the surface at ~5cm/yr rate. This phenomenon affects the close rupture field for at least the 2 years following the earthquake and intrinsically unveils a candidate seismogenic fault trace that we use as a proxy for an inversion against an elastic dislocation model. The joint use of this rupture position estimate, the dislocation model and the co-seismic interferogram allows retrieving a more comprehensive description of the surface deformation field. The post-seismic deformation seems to be constant with time, about 3.5 cm/year for at least the two years after the earthquake. Such a post-seismic phenomenon is unexpected in a strong lithosphere context and begs further dedicated investigation. As far as this study is concerned, we tried to discriminate broadly among different possible known source phenomena such as viscoelastic relaxation (e.g. Thatcher, 1983; Freed, 2007), poroelastic rebound (e.g. Jonsson et al., 2003), afterslip (e.g. Marone et al., 1991) and dilatancy recovery (e.g. Fielding et al., 2009). Although these phenomena might have occurred, we could reasonably rule out substantial contribution from viscoelastic relaxation and poroelastic rebound, as these phenomena would yield a post-seismic signal opposite in direction to the co-seismic signal, which was not the case here. The dilatancy recovery phenomenon was observed geodetically on the BAM strike-slip fault system in Iran (Fielding et al., 2009). Although this phenomenon in not well understood for normal faulting and certainly would deserve more attention for the Machaze case, we might argue that dilatancy recovery would affect a broad zone in the fault area, one not particularly limited by the fault plane, which is not our case. For the moment, afterslip could explain the observations and so far is the best candidate in the Machaze area, as its direction the same as that of the coseismic slip, a fact observed elsewhere (e.g. Freed, 2007). Nevertheless, we might be facing a more complex relaxation phenomenon.
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Implementing Inclusive Education in Botswana Primary School Settings: An Exploration of Teachers' Understandings of Curriculum, Curriculum Adaptations and Learners Who Have Learning Difficulties - Otukile-Mongwaketse, Mpho (2011)
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What constitutes a 'risky' identity? : the social representation of the risk of contracting HIV among South African students. - Stadler, Sarah Louise (2011)
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Learning from the Quest for Environmental Justice in the Niger River Delta - Stephenson, Max; Schweitzer, Lisa (2011)
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Cameroon - Education for All-Fast Track Initiative : P116437 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 - Caillaud, Fadila (2011)
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The Effects of Domestic Violence on Pre-School Children in Nigeria - Idogo, Gladys (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
Some empirical studies posit that children growing up in violent families are vulnerable to low cognition, and are likely to engage in youth violence. Domestic violence takes a devastating toll on children and society at large. Early childhood victimization, either through direct abuse, neglect, or witnessing parental domestic violence, has been shown to have demonstrable long-term consequences for antisocial behaviour, youth violence, adult violence tendencies, and other forms of criminality. The purpose of the paper is to examine the effects of domestic violence on the pre – school children and to devise possible solutions to ending the generating cycle of domestic violence in Nigeria taking into account the continuum of domestic violence with its effects following children through adolescence to adulthood. The study suggests that the circle of domestic violence in the country can be reduced significantly if the government implements the necessary measures recommended in this paper.
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The Rabat and Larache boulder fields; new examples of high-energy deposits related to storms and tsunami waves in north-western Morocco - Medina, F.; Mhammdi, Nadia; Chiguer, Adil; Akil, M.; Jaaïdi, El Bachir (Natural Hazards, 2011)
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Attitudes and beliefs of South African medical students toward organ transplantation - Sobnach, Sanju; Borkum, Megan; Millar, Alastair J. W.; Hoffman, R.; Muller, Elmi; McCurdie, F; Kahn, Delawir (Clinical Transplantation, 2011)
The aim of this study was to assess and analyse the attitudes and beliefs of medical students regarding organ donation, procurement, and transplantation. Medical students at the University of Cape Town were prospectively surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. There were 346 study participants; the mean age was 21 (range 18-33) yr, 38% were male and 62% was female. Only 8% of respondents were registered donors; clinical and white students constituted the majority of this group. Of the 315 "non-donors," the main reason for not donating was "I have not really thought about organ donation" (59%). Most students (91%) would accept an artificial organ; and 87% and 52% of students would accept human and animal organs respectively. Muslim students (11%, p<0.05) and those who believe in an after-life or reincarnation (18%, p=0.00) were less willing to accept human or animal organs. About 95% of respondents stated that they would like to learn more about transplantation and would keep information about it in their practice but only 18% of respondents knew where to find information for potential donors and recipients. Most students have a favorable attitude toward organ transplantation; religion and belief systems impact on willingness to receive organs.
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Burundi - Education Sector Reconstruction Project : P064557 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 08 - Sosale, Shobhana (2011)
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Federal Institutions and the Democratic Transition: Learning from South Africa - Inman, Robert P.; Rubinfeld, Daniel L. (The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2011)
We present a model of a peaceful transition from autocracy to democracy using federal governance as a constitutional means to protect the economic interests of the once ruling elite. Under “democratic federalism,” the constitution creates an annual policy game where the new majority and the elite each control one policy instrument of importance to the other. The game has a stable stationary equilibrium that the elite may prefer to autocratic rule. We apply our analysis to South Africa’s transition from white, elite rule under apartheid to a multi-racial democracy. We calibrate our model to the South African economy at the time of the transition. Stable democratic equilibria exist for plausible estimates of redistributive preferences and rate of time preference (“impatience”) of the new majority during the early years of the new democracy. The future of the democratic federal bargain is less certain under the new populist presidency of Jacob Zuma (JEL H11, H77, P48).
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GAS AND POWER: Libyan crisis and Japanese earthquake may force rethink on gas (Oil and Energy Trends, 2011)
Oil and Energy TrendsVolume 36, Issue 4 p. 7-8 Token Access GAS AND POWER: Libyan crisis and Japanese earthquake may force rethink on gas First published: 08 July 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7992.2011.00103.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume36, Issue4April 2011Pages 7-8 RelatedInformation
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Training of midwives very cost effective in Zambia (Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes News, 2011)
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Three dimensional dynamic analysis Of ancient Egyptian obelisks to investigate their behavior under Aqaba earthquake - Abdel-Gawwad, Ahmed K.; Elkady, Hala; Shalaby, Ashraf M. (Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011)
Recently, Egypt is suffering from earthquakes. These earthquakes may be effect the stability of monuments. One of the essential cases of monuments stability is obelisks because the stability of obelisks comes from its own weight. Therefore, the main objective of the current research paper is to make three-dimensional surveys for the existing obelisks to determine the actual model of the obelisk in space for documenting of the current stage. The obelisks were constructed from the Red Aswani Granite. In order to determine the physical properties of the obelisks material, samples from this granite were taken and tested at the Marble and Granite Laboratory at the National Research Center in Egypt. Then, studying the stability of these obelisk's under the Aqaba earthquake and the precautions, which must be undertaken to avoid obelisk damage. In this context, three dimensional models of the three obelisks was established using prism less total station for documenting the current stage of three obelisks, namely: Ramsis II, Hatshibsut, and Tohtmos III. Then, the three obelisks were subjected to free vibrations analysis using 3D finite elements modeling. The mode shapes, the base reactions, and the normal stresses were the parameters used to evaluate the behavior of the obelisk under the Aqaba earthquake. The results showed that the surveying technique is success in full documentation of the obelisks current case. Also, the behavior of the obelisks under the Aqaba earthquake is safe.
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Throat carriage rate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of group A Streptococci (GAS) in healthy Ethiopian school children. - Abdissa, Alemseged; Asrat, Daniel; Kronvall, Göran; Shitu, Belay; Achiko, Dilachew; Zeidan, Mohammed; Yamuah, Lawrence; Aseffa, Abraham (PubMed, 2011)
Group A Streptococci (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes are the most frequent cause of pharyngitis and skin infection in children and lead to post infection complications including acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Pharyngeal carriage rates of GAS among healthy school children vary with geographical location and seasons. There is not much information on the screening of children for carriage of GAS in Ethiopia.The study aimed at assessing the carriage rate of Group A Streptococci and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in healthy Ethiopian school children.A total of 937 children residing in Addis Ababa (n=491), Gondar (n=265) and Dire-Dawa (n=181) were investigated during a period between November 2004 and January 2005. Throat specimens were collected and cultured using standard procedure. Beta haemolytic streptococci were serogrouped by agglutination tests using specific antisera. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by diffusion method.The median and the mean ages of the study participants were 11 (range 6-14) years. Girls constituted 52% (486/937) of the study participants. A total of 167 (17.8%) beta haemolytic streptococci were recovered from 937 children investigated GAS accounted for 91/167 (54.5%) of beta hemolytic streptococcal isolates. The carrier rate for GAS was 9.7% (91/937) of the screened children followed by group G with 3.2% (30/937) and group C streptococci with 2.2% (21/937). All GAS isolates were sensitive to oxacillin, penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Lower frequency of resistance was observed against tetracycline and vanocmycin.The present study revealed that GAS was the most predominant beta-haemolytic streptococcus among healthy Ethiopian school children. Our results showed that pharyngeal carriage of GAS in school children should not be underestimated. Therefore it is recommended to conduct regular screening and GAS surveillance in schools, and maintain rational use of antibiotics to minimize GAS resistance.
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What are they made up of today? A look at engineering education in developing nations with Nigeria as a case study - Adedokun, S. T. (Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011)
The huge amounts of demolition debris (DD) in Gaza Strip cause environmental, social and economical problems. The socio-economic development in Gaza Strip is also threatened by the depletion of natural aggregates. Such conditions necessitate the use of demolition debris waste (DDW) as aggregates in new concrete mixes. Concrete cylindrical specimens of 250 kg/cm2 characteristic strength made of DD were tested to determine the creep behavior of that concrete. The main variables were the type and percent of replacement of demolition debris aggregates in its saturated surface dry conditions. The study concluded that concrete with natural sand and RA1 (recycled coarse aggregate from crushed concrete fragments only) provided 32.8% higher creep strain than that of natural aggregate concrete while concrete with recycled fine aggregate and RA1 provided 79% higher strain than that of natural aggregate concrete. In addition, concrete with recycled fine aggregates and RA2 (recycled coarse aggregate from all crushed demolition fragments) provided 118% higher creep strain compared to natural aggregate concrete.
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Perception of risk of HIV and sexual risk behaviours among students in the United States, Turkey and South Africa - Adefuye, Adedeji; Abiona, C. Tititlayo; Balogun, Joseph A.; Amosun, Seyi Ladele; Frantz, José M.; Yakut, Yavuz (SAHARA-J, 2011)
The aim of this study was to examine HIV sexual risk behaviours and perception of HIV risk among 1 095 students from the United States of America (US), Turkey and South Africa. Randomly selected students who were enrolled in general education courses completed a structured questionnaire. Results revealed statistically significant differences in specific HIV-related sexual behaviours among students from the three countries and among male and female students in each country. A higher percentage of US and South African students engage in HIV risky sexual behaviours compared with their Turkish counterparts, and a higher percentage of female students in the US and South Africa engage in HIV sexual risk behaviours compared with their male colleagues. A higher proportion of Turkish male students engaged in sexual risk behaviours compared with their female counterparts. The perception of HIV risk was low among US and Turkish students, and high among South African students. There was no agreement between engaging in risky sexual behaviour and self-perception of HIV risk among South African female students, while agreement was poor for US male and female students, Turkish male and female students, and South African male students. The observed optimistic bias needs to be considered in the design and implementation of HIV prevention programmes for these populations.
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Towards enhancing the vocational maturity status of Nigerian secondary school students - Adegoroye, A.O.S.; Batunde, J.O.; Ibimiluyi, Francis Olu; Ajagbe, Shina (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
This paper calls attention to the seeming lack of traits and characteristics that need describe vocationally mature youths among secondary school students at the terminal points of the secondary school level ofeducation, that is, JSS3 and SSS3.Using a randomly selected sample of 480 secondary school students from Ekiti state of Nigeria, the authors drew data with a validated set of questionnaires on the status and level of their vocational maturity. Data revealed that more than half of the sample are low on the maturity status while another considerable percentage are just barely mature, displaying traits of not having a specific job/vocation in mind, not spending time to think through possible employment in the society, never consulting with adults on the demands of the world of work among other immature traits. Possible school activities and the needed governmental policy to improve the status of the youths' vocational maturity status were suggested as a conclusion.
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Atiitude and hiv-related knowledge among senior secondary school students in ot a, south western nigeria - Adekeye, Olujide A; Abimbola, OyewandeAzeezat; Adeusi, Sussan O (2011)
The rising prevalence of HIV among young people in Nigeria is of great concern. This study was to assess HIV-related knowledge and attitude among secondary school students in Ota, South Western Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 441 students from three prominent and well attended secondary schools located in Ota. A self-administered questionnaire elicited information on demography, HIVIAIOS knowledge, source of HIV information, and attitudes towards HIV and PLHA. Response rate was 98% (441/450). Participants age ranges between 13 and 17 years (mean = 15.67; SO= 1.56). About 57% are in the 13-15 years age group. There was a proportionate gender distribution of respondents (male 221/fema/e 220). The respondents' overall mean H/V/A/0$ knowledge score was 64.912. This was fairly high though with some misconceptions especially about MTCT. Participants displayed negative attitude towards HIV and PLHA. The leading source of information was the electronic media (radio and television 89%168%); minor sources include family members {63%) and HIV posters/billboards (63%). This study found a significant difference in the attitude of participants based on gender (t = 3.202, p< 0.05) but no such difference exist based on age (t = 1.196, p>0.05). The study found no significant difference in HIV knowledge by gender (t = .940, p>0.05) and age (t = 1.223, p>0.05). Interventions that will promote H/V related information should be incorporated by institutions of learning, religious bodies, family members and health professionals are to assist young people in Nigeria to become more aware of issues surrounding Nas concluded that urgent attention must be .tx:.t.Js&r: oo - and enlightenment.
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Assessment of health impacts of vehicular pollution on occupationally exposed people in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria - Adeleke, M. A.; Bamgbose, J.T.; Oguntoke, Olusegun; Itua, E.O.; Bamgbose, O. (Trace elements and electrolytes, 2011)
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Administration of senior high schools in Cape Coast metropolis in the context of decentralisation in Ghana - Aikins, Joseph Nathaniel (2011)
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Knowledge and perception of preclinical dental students about the dental training profession: A comparative study of two dental schools in Nigeria - Akadiri, OA; Aladelusi, T.O. (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2011)
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Empowerment of Women in Wage Employment in Nigeria: The Relevance of Workers Education - Akinsanya, Adebayo Olatunde (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
Women are active partners in the development of any economy. However, several factors impinge on the contributions of the women folk to inputting their roles maximally. This global issue has generated reactions from both genders thus making attempts to give the women required platform for effective inputs. This paper considers labour education as important tool in bringing empowerment to women in the face of challenges that are encountered in working and achieving their other social roles and avenues to impact on women positions in work matters particularly in national development. It suggested ways that could be adopted to remedy misconceptions about the status of women.
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Process Evaluation of a Three-Year Community-Based Peer Education Intervention for HIV Prevention among Yemeni Young People - Al-Iryani, Buthaina; Al-Sakkaf, Khaled; Basaleem, Huda; Kok, Gerjo; Borne, Bart van den (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2011)
This community process evaluation highlights key enabling factors that facilitated the implementation of a community peer education program for youth HIV prevention in four poor and vulnerable areas of Aden, Yemen. It also explains the implementation process and provides a deeper understanding of the impact evaluation outcomes, which revealed improved HIV knowledge and risk perception and decreased stigma and risky behavior. This process evaluation was based on qualitative methodologies, where five focus group discussions and 15 in-depth interviews were conducted among 52 participants: community peer educators, community focal points, targeted young people, and local councils. The results revealed that contributing factors to implementing the peer education program had been community participation, mobilization of targeted communities, and capacity building of all those included in the intervention. Existing community-based organizations like the Social Service Centre played a key role in building trust with the targeted communities and linking HIV peer education intervention to other existing community services. This process evaluation could provide lessons learned for replicating similar youth peer education programs in conservative communities.
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Sexual and reproductive health status and related problems of young people with disabilities in selected associations of people with disability, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. - Alemu, Tigist; Fantahun, Mesganaw (PubMed, 2011)
Young people in Ethiopia face many sexual and reproductive health problems. In particular young people with disability are among the most stigmatized, poorest, and least educated. To date, very little is known about the sexuality of disabled youth, in general the reproductive health need and related problems of this group.The aim of this study is to assess the sexual reproductive health status and associated problems of young people with disability at selected associations of people with disability in Addis Ababa.A cross-sectional survey was conducted from Feb 11-17, 2008 to assess disabled youth reproductive health status and related problems. Data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire and two complementary focus group discussions were also conducted guided by semi-structured questions. A total of 384 young people with disability were selected using systematic sampling technique. The sociodemographic and the sexual reproductive health characteristics of the respondents were described and appropriate statistical methods including chi-square test, crude and adjusted odds ratio were used to make comparisonsA total 174 (45.3%) of respondents in the study ever had sexual intercourse; out of which 100 (57.5%) and 74 (42.5%) were males and females respectively. Seventy three (42.0%) started sex between the age of 15-19 years and only 9.2% were married Only 45.4% of the sexually experienced respondents had used some kind of contraceptive during their first sexual encounter. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 62.5% among young disabled females who had ever been pregnant and 50% of them had history of abortion, 87.5% of this abortion was induced type. In this study, 58.6% of the sexually active respondents had multiple life time sexual partners, 20.7% had a casual sex partner and 18.0% of sexually active males had a commercial sex partner in the past 12 months period prior to the survey. The prevalence of history of ever having STI was 25.3% Only 55.5%, 33.1% and 51.8% of respondents had good knowledge on HIV transmission, STI Sign and symptom, HIV Prevention respectively and only 33.3% of respondents had utilized reproductive health services. Adjusting for socio-demographic variables, respondents' educational status, occupation, sex and forms of disability were found to have a significant association with modern contraceptive use (P < 0.05).Young People with Disability (YPWD) are at great risk for sexual and reproductive health associated problems. Female young people with disability and the illiterate are the most disadvantaged Awareness of parents, family members and the community about the needs and the capabilities of YPWD should improve and they should work together with the government to provide a safe environment for YPWDs. Organizing programs focused on acquisition of essential skills (communication and negotiation skills) and provision of appropriate for YPWD sexual and reproductive health services deserve due emphasis.
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“A School in the Interior” African Studies: Engagement and Interdisciplinary - Ambler, Charles (African Studies Review, 2011)
Abstract: This article explores the intellectual traditions of African studies, focusing on the central principles of interdisciplinarity and commitment to social and racial justice. Tracing the origins of the field to late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century African is t intellectuals such as Edward Blyden, it investigates these traditions historically and in the context of contemporary practice. Against the backdrop of concerns for the future of area studies, the author finds a vibrant field—both inside and beyond its traditional boundaries.
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Assessing drought risk and irrigation need in northern Ethiopia - Araya, A.; Stroosnijder, L. (Agricultural and forest meteorology (Print), 2011)
Long-term climate data of four stations in the northern Ethiopia were analyzed in combination with information from local farmers and documented materials. From this analysis, a suitable drought-assessing technique was developed and site-specific needs for supplementary irrigation were explored. Results showed that our technique for assessing drought and crop failure corresponded well with farmer observations. The three major causes of crop failure (dry spells, short growing period and “total lack of rain”) which were explicitly listed and ranked by the local farmers were found to match the analyzed data well. The agro-meteorological variables with the most severe consequences were “short growing period” and “total lack of rain”. To prolong the growing period, supplementary irrigation is recommended in the month of September for three of the stations (Maychew, Mekelle and Adigudom) because: (1) rain frequently stops in early September or late August and crops have no other source of water for the rest of the growing period; (2) sufficient surface runoff can be harvested in July and August to be stored in farm ponds and used in September; (3) more cultivable land can be irrigated if supplementary irrigation is scheduled only for the month of September; and (4) giving supplementary irrigation in September can cut yield reduction by over 80% and crop failure by over 50%, except at Alamata. At Alamata, supplementary irrigation must be scheduled for July. The conditions experienced during the famine years of the early 1980s were primarily caused by the continued total rain failure over multiple years. Giving supplementary irrigation in July or September would probably not have mitigated the effects of these droughts, especially at Alamata and Maychew stations.
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Effects of school-based quality factors on secondary school students' achievement in English language in south-western and north-central Nigeria - Atanda, Ademola; Jaiyeoba, Adebola O. (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
English Language plays a central and strategic role in the school system because almost all the school subjects are taught using English language. However, students' achievement in this subject at senior secondary school is not encouraging. Therefore, the study investigated influence of school-based quality factors on secondary students' achievement in English Language in South-Western and north-Central Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design of the ex-post facto type and made use of a sample of 1,014 English Language teachers and principals selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The two validated instruments used for data collection were School-based Quality Inventory (r = 0.89) and School-Based Quality Factor Questionnaire (r = 0.92). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using means, standard deviation and multiple regressions. Out of the nine independent variables, only three have significant relationship with students' academic performance in English. These are supervision of instruction (r = 0.153; P < 0.05), school leadership (r = 0.164; P < 0.05) and quality of instruction (r = 0.237; P < 0.05). Also, the independent variables (i.e. the nine school-based variables) accounted for 47% of the variance in the dependent variable and the joint effect of school-based quality factors is significant on the students' Achievement in English Language (F = 3.333; df = (9,420); P < 0.05). The study concluded that instructional materials, quality of instruction and supervision have been adjudged to have contributed significantly to students' achievement in English Language. Based on the findings, some of the recommendations made include effective supervision, provision of relevant and adequate instructional materials and encouragement of quality instruction.
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Education and Migration Choices in Hierarchical Societies: The Case of Matam, Senegal - Auriol, Emmanuelle; Demonsant, Jean-Luc (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The paper aims at studying determinants of schooling in traditional hierarchical societies confronted with an established history of outmigration. In the village, a ruling caste controls local political and religious institutions. For children who do not belong to the ruling caste, migration is a social mobility factor that is enhanced by formal schooling. Since formally educated children tend not to return, the ruling caste seeks to develop family loyalty by choosing religious education instead. The theory hence predicts that the social status of the family has a significant impact on educational choice. Children from the ruling caste who are sent abroad have a lower probability of being sent to formal school. They are more likely to be sent to Koranic schools that emphasize religious and family values. The theoretical predictions are tested on data from Matam region in Senegal, a region where roughly one of every two children have ever attended school.
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The Tunisian Revolt: Learning from the Mistakes of the Iranian Revolution - Bani-Sadr, Abol‐Hassan (New Perspectives Quarterly, 2011)
The Great Arab Revolt of 2011 has moved swiftly from the peaceful overthrow of autocrats in the nation‐states of Tunisia and Egypt to brutal repression in the tribal societies of Libya, Syria, Bahrain and Yemen. Meanwhile, the wired youth bulge of the Middle East that brought change is dissipating into an impotent diaspora while the organized interests of the old regimes and the once‐suppressed Islamists charge ahead to power. This section examines the revolt, the reaction and the power struggles in its aftermath.
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Quality Education Reform and Aid Effectiveness: Reflections from Ethiopia. - Berry, Chris; Bogale, Solomon (International Education, 2011)
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Poetic Steps: Fusing African American Poetry and Choreography in Classroom Practice - Bowie, Rian; Soriano, Christina Tsoules (Journal of Dance Education, 2011)
ABSTRACT “Poetic Steps” represents a collaborative teaching experiment that recently took place between college students in a dance composition course and those in an African American poetry course. This article begins by tracing the historic intersections among African American choreographers, artists, and social activists. It continues by outlining the structure and planning that contributed to a shared course assignment, the authors' teaching and learning goals, and selected, student- group performance highlights. For three weeks, students from each course immersed themselves in an integrated, collaborative learning environment, where they bridged the intrinsic power of verse with the fluidity of a choreographic movement study. Students without experience in dance or choreography and those without expertise in poetic explication came together to create an interdisciplinary and meaningful integration between linguistic and physical worlds.
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Religiosity and HIV Risk Behaviors in African-American Students - Boyd-Starke, Kimberly; Hill, Oliver W.; Fife, John E.; Whittington, Marcina (Psychological Reports, 2011)
The participants were 256 African-American students between the ages of 18 and 25, from two historically Black universities. The purpose of this study was to see how dimensions of religiosity and spirituality influenced the HIV risk behavior in African-American college students. Each participant completed the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (ESI) and a survey of sexual attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The data were analyzed using a series of ANOVAs, t tests, and correlations. The results from the study confirmed that there was a relationship between religiosity/spirituality and one's tendency to engage in HIV risk behaviors in the population of African-American college students. Interestingly, this study was able to reveal that traditional indicators of religiosity, such as association and church attendance, were not predictors of any of the risky sexual behaviors or attitudes. The portions of religiosity with the greatest impact on these behaviors were the Experiential/Phenomenological, the Existential Well-being, and the Cognitive dimensions, with high scores on each indicative of less likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors.
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Tropical East African climate change and its relation to global climate: A record from Lake Tanganyika, Tropical East Africa, over the past 90+ kyr - Burnett, Allison P.; Soreghan, Michael J.; Scholz, Christopher A.; Brown, Erik T. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2011)
Forcing mechanisms of tropical climate in continental areas remain poorly understood, due in large part to a lack of continuous, long-term, high-fidelity records. Sediment core T97-52V from Lake Tanganyika provides new insight into the timing and mechanisms behind East African climate change over the past 90+ kyr. This record is particularly important, because, other than a recently recovered scientific drill core from Lake Malawi, there are no other continuous, well-dated records from East Africa prior to 60 ka. The high resolution age model presented here provides a large degree of age certainty for the past 45+ kyr, and our suite of proxies allows a thorough examination of Lake Tanganyika's dynamics. From core stratigraphy and chemical analyses, we present evidence of a lake level drop greater than 400 m sometime prior to ∼ 90 ka, much greater than that inferred for the LGM, suggesting a period of intense aridity sometime around 100 ka. Additionally, core T97-52 V preserves evidence of worm burrows detected by X-radiographic imagery as indicated by burrow-shaped deposits of iron oxide, indicating a shallow lake at the time of deposition of that material. Intermittently high lake levels between ∼ 78 ka and ∼ 72 ka developed at the same time as a weakened Asian monsoon and a pluvial phase in Northeast Brazil, suggesting a global reorganization of climate, possibly forced by a reduction in orbital eccentricity. Over the past 60 ka this core preserves the same events recorded in a core collected ∼ 100 km away in the southern basin of Lake Tanganyika, including an unexplained increase in biogenic silica at ∼ 37 ka, suggesting that this vast lake is responding coherently across both major bathymetric basins to regional and global climate forcing.
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Contributions of climate change on water resources in semi-arid areas; example of the Essaouira Basin (Morocco) - Chamchati, Hamid; Bahir, Mohammed (American journal of scientific and industrial research, 2011)
The ground waters in semi-arid regions are subject to the impact of climatic and anthropogenic pressures.In the case of coastal aquifers, the vulnerability that arises is compounded by the risk of seawater intrusion.The joint application of several methodologies hydrodynamic and isotopic to the aquifer's coastal Essaouira basin in semi-arid region of Morocco has established a diagnosis of the current state of the aquifer and the risks it is submitted.This area includes two main superimposed aquifers.The Plio-Quaternary, which provides most of the water supply, is a reservoir is mostly sand, sandstone and conglomerates.Turonian calcareous dolomite is seeking recently by deep wells to supply drinking water to the city of Essaouira.The study area to form a syncline at heart Senonian is between two structures has diapiric Triassic material: the diapir Tidzi outcropping east and south and the cache of Essaouira diapir WEST, who was detected by the geophysics.In the Essaouira Basin, water resources are less important and are seriously affected by the climate in terms of quantity and quality, rainfall in the area does not exceed 300 mm year -1 on average, the average temperature hovers around 20 ° C, potential evapotranspiration is very high, about 920 mm year -1.The main direction of groundwater flow is from southeast to northwest toward the Atlantic Ocean.Essaouira basin is most vulnerable to climate drought since it is recharge is entirely dependent on rainwater.This finding should be incorporated into a management strategy directed towards safeguarding resources.
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Causes of Poor Academic Performance among the Hearing Impaired Learners in Longisa Division, Bomet District-Kenya - Christopher, Sigey K. (2011)
Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Open and distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of The requirements for the award of Bachelor’s Degree in Special Need Education Kampala International University
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Climate Change and Trade: The Challenges for Southern Africa - Coetzee, Kim (South African Journal of International Affairs, 2011)
Climate Change and Trade: The Challenges for Southern Africa, edited by Peter Draper and Ivan Mbirimi, Johannesburg, Fanele, SAIIA, 2010, 290 pp., ISBN 9781920196288. The climate change and trade d...
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Urban African American Youth Exposed to Community Violence: A School-Based Anxiety Preventive Intervention Efficacy Study - Cooley-Strickland, Michele; Griffin, Robert S.; Darney, Dana; Otte, Katherine; Ko, Jean Y. (Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 2011)
This study evaluated the efficacy of a school-based anxiety prevention program among urban children exposed to community violence. Students who attended Title 1 public elementary schools were screened. Ninety-eight 3rd-5th-grade students (ages 8-12; 48% female; 92% African American) were randomized into preventive intervention versus wait list comparison groups. Students attended 13 biweekly one-hour group sessions of a modified version of FRIENDS, a cognitive-behavioral anxiety intervention program. Results indicated that both intervention and control groups manifested significant reductions in anxiety symptomatology and total exposure to community violence, along with improved standardized reading achievement scores. Additional gains observed only in the intervention group were increased standardized mathematics achievement scores, decreased life stressors, and reduced victimization by community violence. The intervention was equally efficacious for both genders and for children exposed to higher, compared to lower, levels of community violence. Implications for comprehensive, culturally and contextually relevant prevention programs and research are discussed.
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Urban African American Youth Exposed to Community Violence: A School-Based Anxiety Preventive Intervention Efficacy Study - Cooley-Strickland, Michele; Griffin, Robert S.; Darney, Dana; Otte, Katherine; Ko, Jean Y. (Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 2011)
This study evaluated the efficacy of a school-based anxiety prevention program among urban children exposed to community violence. Students who attended Title 1 public elementary schools were screened. Ninety-eight 3rd-5th-grade students (ages 8-12; 48% female; 92% African American) were randomized into preventive intervention versus wait list comparison groups. Students attended 13 biweekly one-hour group sessions of a modified version of FRIENDS, a cognitive-behavioral anxiety intervention program. Results indicated that both intervention and control groups manifested significant reductions in anxiety symptomatology and total exposure to community violence, along with improved standardized reading achievement scores. Additional gains observed only in the intervention group were increased standardized mathematics achievement scores, decreased life stressors, and reduced victimization by community violence. The intervention was equally efficacious for both genders and for children exposed to higher, compared to lower, levels of community violence. Implications for comprehensive, culturally and contextually relevant prevention programs and research are discussed.
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Towards gender equality. South African schools during the HIV and AIDS epidemic - Crossouard, Barbara (British Educational Research Journal, 2011)
British Educational Research JournalVolume 37, Issue 2 p. 355-356 Towards gender equality. South African schools during the HIV and AIDS epidemic Barbara Crossouard, Barbara Crossouard University of Sussex, UKSearch for more papers by this author Barbara Crossouard, Barbara Crossouard University of Sussex, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 January 2013 https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2011.557543Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue2April 2011Pages 355-356 RelatedInformation
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Acceptance and Usage of Open Access Scholarly Communication by Postgraduate Students at the Sokoine University of Agriculture and the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Dulle, Frankwell (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2011)
This study assessed the awareness and usage of Open Access (OA) for scholarly communication by postgraduate students at the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). A semistructured self-administered questionnaire survey was undertaken using a convenience sample of 230 postgraduate students of whom 128 (55.6%) participated in the study. The open access concept was familiar to 58.6% of the respondents; however, although 60.9% of them acknowledged having accessed OA content, only 10.9% of them had disseminated research findings through OA. The respondents’ perceptions toward OA were generally positive. Low awareness of the OA concept, inadequate online scholarly communication skills, and the slow Internet connectivity were possible factors affecting the exploitation of OA in the study area. The review and formalisation of the existing postgraduate information literacy training modules at the two universities is recommended in order to improve the adoption of OA and exploitation of the online resources in general.
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East African Community climate change policy (EACCCP) - Eac (2011)
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Curriculum Development in Library and Information Science Education in Nigerian Universities: Issues and Prospects - Edegbo, Wilson I. (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2011)
This paper examines the curricula of library and information science education in Nigeria with a view of determining its present state of content of its courses offered and how it affects the present graduates produced in the universities with respect to the labour market for librarians in this age of computerisation / digitisation. The curricula of three universities as well as National Universities Commission (NUC) minimum standards for university library and information science schools provided the needed data. The result shows that there are ICT courses in the curricula but not covering some courses taught and the personnel are not readily available for the proper implementation of the good curricula developed.
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Home Treatment of Presumed Malaria in Children Attending Outpatient Clinic at The University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria - Edelu, Benedict O (Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2011)
Background: According to WHO, majority of the children who die from malaria do so within the first 48 hours of onset of illness and early use of effective antimalarial drugs will reduce the burden of malaria in endemic areas. This study was to determine the pattern of antimalarial drug use by caregivers, their sources as well as when and why they presented to hospital. Patients and Methods : Consecutive mothers whose children presented at the outpatient clinic with fever without localised focus, who believed their children were having malaria, were interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire. Results: One hundred and forty-four (62.6%) of the mothers/caregivers had administered antimalarials at home. 112 (78.3%) commenced within 24hrs of onset of symptoms, while 14 (8.7%) started after 48hrs. Duration of home treatment ranged from less than or equals to 24hrs (32.5%) and one week or more (8.2%). Antimalarials given included choroquine, amodiaquine, artesunate, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artemisinin-based combination therapy, quinine and paludrine. Majority (67.8%) of the medications given were obtained directly from the local drug stores Conclusion : There was a high rate of home treatment for febrile illness in our environment; this calls for the need to educate both mothers and patent drug dealers on the current antimalarial treatment policy. Key Words : Malaria, Treatment, Children, Home
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Factors influencing students career choices among secondary school students in Kisumu municipality, Kenya - Edwards, Kochung; Quinter, Migunde (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
Career choice is a complex decision for students since it determines the kind of profession that they intend to pursue in life. As students try to make career choice while in secondary school, they face problem of matching their career choices with their abilities and school performance. In Kenya every year form four secondary school students make career choices before sitting for their final examination (Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations) however, studies indicate that most students enter into careers that are totally different from the ones they chose while in secondary. The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing career choice among form four secondary school students in Kisumu municipality, Kenya. The study was conducted using descriptive survey design with a population of 332 students. The data for this study was collected using questionnaire and interview schedules. The findings of this study indicate that availability of advancement opportunities and learning experiences are the most influential factors affecting career choices among students. While males reported learning experiences and career flexibility as the most influential factors, females however reported availability of advancement opportunity and opportunity to apply skills as the most influential factors. However, no variance was reported for persons influencing career choice by gender.
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Teacher attrition in Nigerian schools : a case for the UBE - Egu, Rosemary Hannah N.; Nwuju, Ememe Ogbonna; Chionye, Njoku Ngozi (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
This paper deals with the issues of teacher attrition in Nigeria as it affects the Universal Basic Education. A number of theorist opinion were sought and there was a general agreement among them that teachers with specific human capital were less likely to leave the teaching profession while teachers who had acquired generic human capital were most likely to leave the job for other better paying jobs. Other reasons for attrition were, childbirth, moving house, ill health, old age etc. Two major types of teacher attrition were identified namely : temporary and permanent attrition. Reasons why teachers leave their jobs were also identified as lack of incentive for the job, poor salary structure, late or non-payment of teacher's salaries and allowances, non-inclusion of teachers in decision making in matters concerning them among others. It was therefore suggested that for the UBE to succeed in Nigeria, teachers' salaries and allowances should be paid as at and when due, incentives should be given to serving teachers, teachers should be part of decision-making in matters concerning them among others.
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Knowledge and Attitude towards Breast Cancer among Female School Teachers in El-Sharkia, Egypt - El-Ghany, Gamalat M. Abd; Mohamed, Azhar A. (Journal of High Institute of Public Health, 2011)
Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women. Aim : To determine the knowledge and attitude of female school teachers towards breast cancer in Ibrahemia district, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study design was used. The study sample amounted to 200 female teachers from Ibrahemia schools. Two types of tools were used for data collection: a questionnaire sheet which was designed to collect information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied female school teachers, and their knowledge about prevention of breast cancer and a three point likert scale was used to assess the attitude of the female school teachers towards breast cancer. Results: More than half (51.5%) of the school teachers had low level of knowledge about breast cancer and only 8.5% had high level of knowledge. The majority of them expressed positive attitude towards breast cancer (86.5%). Twenty nine percent of female teachers were practicing breast-self-examination (BSE) but only 5.0% of them used the correct procedure of BSE. Recommendations: Findings of this work highlight the need for increasing awareness of female school teachers about breast cancer through heath education programs which to provide them with information about breast cancer and teach them the correct technique for BSE. Booklets about breast cancer, BSE and healthy lifestyles should be available at school libraries in Arabic language. Key Words: Attitude, breast cancer, El-Sharkia Governorate, knowledge, school teachers
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Reflecting on some of the challenges facing postgraduate nursing education in South Africa - Essa, Ilhaam (Nurse Education Today, 2011)
Considering the dearth of professional nurses in South Africa today, and the fact that postgraduate nursing education can contribute towards enhancing the competences of those in the profession, I shall examine some of the challenges faced by a group of previously enrolled postgraduate nursing students which resulted in their non-completion of a formal qualification. The focus of this investigation was a 2008 cohort of students that did not complete their non-clinical postgraduate diplomas at the institution where I work. Of the 29 students who did not complete their studies, I have selected a group of 8 students through a purposive non-random sample with the objective to ascertain some of the reasons for them not completing their diploma. My aim was to examine some of the reasons as to why postgraduate nursing students do not complete their qualification and to suggest ways as to how the curriculum can be reconstructed as to counteract some of students' pitfalls. Based on my qualitative interpretive analysis, I shall argue that these students did not complete their diplomas on the grounds of, having experienced a lack of institutional and social support; their inability to cope with the demands of academic rigour; their experiences of isolation and exclusion; and, the inability to cope with unimagined realities. My contention is that if postgraduate nursing is not adequately attended to, the possibility that nursing education would not contribute to the transformation of the profession, is highly possible.
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Information and communication technology skills and resource utilization: preclinical versus clinical medical students in a resource-limited African setting - Eze, Boniface Ikenna; ANTHONY, Anthony; Ozemena, Francis (Open access bioinformatics, 2011)
Objectives: To conduct a comparative assessment of information and communication technology (ICT) skills and resource utilization of preclinical and clinical medical students at the University of Nigeria. Methods: Second- and fourth-year medical students of the University of Nigeria Enugu campus were participants in a comparative questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey between March 1 and April 30, 2010. Data on participants’ demography, ICT skills, and resource uptake were captured in a questionnaire, and examined using descriptive and analytical statistics. The P -value was set at P < 0.05, df = 1. Results: The response rate was 93.9%. The 462 participants (preclinical = 310, clinical = 152) comprised significantly more males, 318 (68.8%), than females, 144 (31.2%) ( P < 0.05) (gender ratio = 2.2:1), aged 18–40 years, with a mean age of 23.5 years ± 3.69 SD. Significantly more of the clinical students than preclinical students had previous ICT training ( P < 0.05), higher ICT skills ( P < 0.05), ICT access ( P < 0.05), and more frequently utilized ICT resources ( P < 0.05) generally. Specifically, the clinical students had significantly higher ICT resource uptake for study ( P < 0.05) and leisure ( P < 0.05), but not for research ( P = 0.565) than preclinical students. Conclusions: The survey response rate was high. The cohorts varied widely in their ICT training, skills, access, and utilization. This has critical implications for the future design of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Incorporating ICT training into undergraduate medical training curriculum, and enhancement of ICT access is instructive. Further related research, preferably of longitudinal and multicenter design, is urgently needed. Keywords: ICT, skills, resources, utilization, students, Nigeria
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From adaptation to climate-resilient development: The costs of climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa - Fankhauser, Samuel; Schmidt-Traub, Guido (Climate and development (Print), 2011)
Abstract Socio-economic development and adaptation to climate change are closely intertwined. Adaptation is sometimes described as climate-resilient development or development under a hostile climate. In support of this view, this paper estimates the combined cost of meeting and at the same time ‘climate-proofing’ the millennium development goals (MDGs) for Africa. Treating adaptation and development in an integrated way helps to better understand financing requirements analytically and, more importantly, to implement the requisite measures more effectively as part of an integrated development programme. We find that the external financing needed for ‘climate-resilient’ MDGs is about 40 per cent higher than the external financing for the MDGs alone – up to USD100 billion a year for the next decade, compared with USD72 billion a year for the MDGs alone. This estimate is indicative only and based on fairly cursory aggregate data. The next challenge would be to apply the integrated adaptation and development frameworks to concrete development strategies at the country level. Keywords: adaptation to climate changeAfricaeconomic costsmillennium development goalsneeds assessment Acknowledgements This paper has benefited greatly from comments and feedback by Philip Dobie, David Dodman, Su-Lin Garbett-Shiels, Saleemul Haq, Arnaud Henin, Dawda Jobarteh, Michael Keating, Benito Müller, Achim Steiner and Nicholas Stern. Fankhauser would also like to acknowledge the financial support from the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, which is funded by the UK's Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and by Munich Re. Notes For a broader discussion of governance issues related to adaptation finance see Klein and Möhner (Citation2009). For an overview of the MDGs see UN Millennium Project (Citation2005). An up-to-date list of the MDGs and recent data is available at www.mdgmonitor.org. The MDG Africa Steering Group recently brought together the heads of the major international development organizations under the leadership of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon to consolidate a consensus view on how the MDGs can be achieved in Africa. Its report and findings are available online at www.mdgafrica.org. We recognize the deficiencies of MDG needs assessments that rely on adding up sectoral investment needs without integration into a general equilibrium model (see Burguignion et al., Citation2008). Yet, subsequent IMF analyses on the macroeconomics of implementing the ‘Gleneagles Scenarios’ in a number of African countries (IMF, Citation2008) show that the core macroeconomic issues can be addressed and that the overall results presented by the MDG Africa Steering Group are sound. Note that World Bank (Citation2010b) claims to provide an upper boundary of estimated costs, contrary to Parry et al. (Citation2009). This may be correct for the sectors covered by the World Bank, but that coverage is incomplete. In comparison, Stern (Citation2009b) drawing on UNDP Citation(2007) estimates baseline humanitarian needs at USD12 billion a year. Yet, this higher figure probably includes some overlaps with other development areas, so we retain the lower estimate of USD9billion per year. Project Catalyst (Citation2009) estimates that humanitarian needs will rise by a mere USD0.1 billion in response to climate change, but this estimate seems low.
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A three-year clinical review of thphoid intestinal perforation in Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital - Fente, BG; Oji-Binafeigha, IJ; Deite-Koki, KJ (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2011)
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Volcanic evolution of the upper Onverwacht Suite, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa - Furnes, Harald; Wit, Maarten J. de; Robins, Brian; Sandstå, Nils Rune (Precambrian Research, 2011)
The volcanic stratigraphy of the upper Onverwacht Suite in the southeastern part of the Paleoarchean Barberton Greenstone Belt has been investigated in 18 sections through parts of the Hooggenoeg, Kromberg, and lower Mendon Complexes. The ca. 2700 m thick volcanic sequence of the lowest tectonostratigraphic unit – the Hooggenoeg Complex (HC) – can be subdivided into 9 stratigraphic units representing major eruptive phases, each separated by silicified sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks. The thicknesses of the units vary from <100 m to ∼700 m. Some units are wedge-shaped and die out over distances of a few kilometre along strike. The volcanic rocks are predominantly basaltic lavas, with minor basaltic komatiite and komatiite in the middle part of the HC. The basaltic lavas of the overlying tectonostratigraphic unit, the Kromberg Complex (KC), occur as screens within intrusives, or are in tectonic contact with adjacent rocks. The basal part (Ncakini section) of the tectonostratigraphically uppermost Mendon Complex (MC), consists of Mg-rich basalt lava. The lavas of the HC and KC are predominantly pillowed and massive flows, whereas those of the Ncakini section are exclusively massive. The massive and pillowed lava are commonly organized in cyclic units from 3 m to 32 m thick, and consisting of massive lava or large pillows that are succeeded by progressively smaller pillows. Cyclic units are inferred to have resulted from individual eruptions with decreasing rates of effusion. The pillow lavas of both the HC and KC contain <3–5% vesicles indicating eruption at greater depths than ∼2000 m. In general vesicular pillows occur in the lower part of both the HC and KC, and non-vesicular (and variolitic) lavas are found at the top, suggesting increasing water depths, and hence eruption in a subsiding basin. The chert layers within the HC include silicified tuffs derived from explosive subaerial or shallow-marine eruptions distant from the deep-water lavas of the HC and KC.
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African-Born Immigrants in U.S. Schools: An Intercultural Perspective on Schooling and Diversity - Harushimana, Immaculée; Awokoya, Janet (Praxis (Las Vegas, Nev.), 2011)
Despite the significant increase of African-born immigrants in the United States of America, the education system does not recognize their presence and does little to facilitate their integration through the implementation of necessary curricular adjustments.The purpose of this article is to call on multicultural education advocates to endorse the argument for the distinctness of Africanborn immigrants as a complex cultural group with unique vulnerabilities requiring sensitivity.Organizationally, the paper develops four key points: the current demographic representation of the African population; the absence of African voices in multicultural education scholarship; the salience of multicultural education advocacy in recognizing the essence of African cultures in the western world; and the minimal coverage of African topics in the U.S. curriculum.Two sets of recommendations, curricular and culture-oriented, conclude the argument.Despite the recent increase of African-born immigrants in the United States of America (Hamza, 2005), their presence is poorly reflected in curricular decisions and educational planning in the U.S. school system.Oftentimes, the efforts of school officials to acknowledge African students yield minimal effect and superficial understanding among American-born educators and peers.Due to the absorption of African immigrant populations into the larger context of the black race (Arthur, 2000), little is known about their histories, their cultures, and their achievements.African-born children or children of African-born parents in the western world are disadvantaged by the manner in which African cultures and people have been portrayed in western-authored textbooks and by the western media.This paper is a response to the minority cultures from sub-Saharan Africa, who seldom feel recognized or given the opportunity to affirm themselves in the U.S. context, particularly in the educational arena.After examining the American education curriculum vis-à-vis immigrant minorities from non-predominant cultures, like Africans, a two-fold argument emerged.
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Differences in MetS marker prevalence between black African and Caucasian teachers from the North West Province: Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) Study - Hoebel, Svelka; Malan, Leoné; Ridder, H de (Journal Of Endocrinology, Metabolism And Diabetes Of South Africa, 2011)
Background: The aim of this study was to compare metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence between black and Caucasian Africans using different definitions, and secondly, to determine the association between MetS, anthropometric markers and the albumin: creatinine ratio using the new joint statement criteria. This was a target population study. It included 409 urban African and Caucasian men and women (aged 25–65 years) from the North West Province, who were stratified into gender and ethnic groups.Method: We obtained anthropometric measurements, levels of microalbuminuria, and other markers of MetS (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein).Results: The joint statement criteria included more persons with MetS than the other definitions, and Africans presented with more cases of MetS than the Caucasians. The most prevalent risk factors were blood pressure among men, and waist circumference (WC) and glucose among women. African men, as a group, presented with more risk factors than the other groups. African women, although obese, seem to have few cardiovascular risk factors, while all groups presented with an unhealthy WC according to European cut-points. Multiple linear regression analysis, independent of covariates, showed that the albumin: creatinine ratio is explained only by glucose in Africans.Conclusion: African women, as a group, present with few MetS risk factors, and glucose is associated with renal function risk in Africans.
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Transformative learning and identity formation on the ‘smiling coast’ of West Africa - Hutchison, Alan J.; Rea, Tony (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2011)
This paper outlines research undertaken during a study visit to The Gambia (2008) and our thinking about the value of this, and other such visits for education students. The qualitative methodology made use of interviews and reflective journals. We argue that such visits may have the power to transform peoples’ values and, drawing on literature on identity and positioning, we tentatively suggest some possible explanations for such transformative processes. This kind of experience is thought to be of considerable potential benefit to beginning teachers and the paper indicates some of these benefits, with illustrations drawn from interview data.
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The impact of health education on the prevalence of faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections among school children in a rural community in Cameroon - Kamga, Henri Lucien Fouamno; Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Atanga, Mary Bi Suh; Njunda, Anna Longdoh; Assob, Jules Clément Nguedia; Fon, Peter Nde; Fomumbod, Solange Akwi (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011)
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Artist-teachers, teacher-artists and the challenges of higher degrees in Nigerian university education - a view from within - Kayode, Femi (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
The challenges facing the teaching of art and the strategies put in place for the implementation of a dynamic art curriculum at tertiary level have been a major concern of art educators in Nigeria for a long time. In an attempt to reinvigorate the visual arts curriculum and to maintain appreciable standards, the Pan African Circle of Artists in conjunction with the Art Republic of Delta State University held a conference in Abraka, Nigeria. In the conference, delegates delved extensively into the challenges of teaching and learning Fine Arts in tertiary institutions in Nigeria as well as the primary motives behind the pursuit of a doctoral degree in Fine Arts. The contentions as to whether the studio trained artists with a terminal MFA degree who found themselves in the teaching of art at higher institutions need to go further to acquire a doctoral degree were the major issues discussed. Although the conference was to look into all aspects of art teaching, but the discussions tilted strongly toward resolving the differences between those with MFA who felt that the attainment of Ph.D degree was not necessary and should not be used in their promotion to higher levels and those with Ph.D who felt uncomfortable with the stand of those who had no Ph.D but would want to become Professors in the nearest future. The paper establishes that there are two types of practitioners in the art education career; that is, the Artist-teacher and the Teacher-artist and that it depends on where one belongs. The paper provides a clear distinction between the practitioners as well as highlighting the challenges facing art teaching in Nigerian universities.
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The health status and lifestyle behaviours of higher education students in Libya - Khalil, Khalid (2011)
Aims. This research investigated the health status (e. g. weight perception and BMI, mental health conditions and general health complaints), and the lifestyle behaviours (e. g. smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary behaviour) of Libyan higher education students (HES). The objectives were to compare their health status and lifestyle behaviours in the different regions of Libya; and to compare Libyan HES with those from other countries. In addition to this, the study aimed to determine if any association existed between demographic and academic variables and health and lifestyle variables. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to provide baseline data required by university health programmes in Libya for planning related to the health needs of students. Methods. The sample consisted of 1300 higher education students from different higher education institutes and different disciplines. The self-administered health questionnaire used included questions on health and health-related behaviours and their associated social and economic factors. It was conducted during lecture time. Data were analysed with SPSS. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify sociodemographic variables associated with health and lifestyle variables. Results. In this sample of students, the prevalence of overweight was higher than the prevalence of underweight and obesity (14.5%, 18.2%, and 4.2% respectively), and 40% of students were trying to lose weight. High rates (45%) of depressive symptoms were found, however; overall 8.8% of respondents reported being diagnosed with anxiety, and 4.3% with depression. The findings of this study also indicated that students reported high levels of subjective health complaints. The majority of students reported that their physical activity levels were insufficient; only 5% of students met the international recommended levels of physical activity. Only one in ten students was found to be consuming an adequate amount of fruit and vegetables (at least five times a day). About 6% of the students self-identified themselves as current smokers, and the results revealed that smoking was a male phenomenon in Libya. Alcohol consumption is not very common among Libyan students, and only 3.5% reported drinking alcohol; overall, 1.6% reported using drugs, and all students who reported using drugs reported cannabis use. A gender difference was noticeable and consistent across types of complaints; depressive symptoms, dietary behaviour, physical activity, smoking and alcohol and drug consumption. Females reported significantly worse health status than males in terms of health complaints, and depressive symptoms. Males reported higher levels of physical activity and higher levels of smoking and alcohol and drug consumption than females. Students in North Libya showed the highest levels of physical activity, and also the highest levels of smoking, alcohol and drug consumption, whereas students in East Libya had the highest levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. Logistic regression analysis revealed substantial associations between females and depressive symptoms, dietary behaviour and higher levels of complaints, and also between social support and anxiety and depression. The comparisons with other survey data showed that the Libyan rates of overweight and obesity were similar to rates reported amongst students at Alexandria University in Egypt, and much higher than those reported in other countries such as Poland, Japan and Korea. Depressive symptom rates were similar to the rates reported among university students in Bulgaria and higher than those reported in Germany, Denmark and Poland with respect to male students, and Libyan HES reported lower rates of health complaints than students in certain other European countries. In addition, the levels of fruit and vegetable consumption amongst Libyan HES were lower than those reported amongst Australian students. The prevalence of physical activity levels was lower than that reported amongst university students in the United Arab Emirates. The results of this study clearly indicate that the prevalence of smoking and alcohol and drug consumption among students in Libya was lower than among those from other Arabic countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Conclusion. Efforts to promote a healthy lifestyle among students are needed and should place greater emphasis on physical activity and increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and on discouraging smoking and body dissatisfaction. There is a need for future research on student health, which should be carried out with a larger sample group to develop a national standardized instrument. Future research will be helpful for accurately identifying perceived barriers to, and recommending changes to enhance, physical activity among HES.
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Sino-Zambian relations: ‘An all-weather friendship’ weathering the storm - Kopiński, Dominik; Polus, Andrzej (Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 2011)
Abstract Sino-Zambian relations are exceptional to a remarkable degree, and do not seem to fall into the common pattern used to describe the Sino-African relationship as part of a so-called ‘new scramble for Africa’. Zambia is a country where both positive and negative developments took place earlier than elsewhere on the African continent and, in this respect, Zambia has always been one step ahead of the rest of its peers. This study is divided into three parts. The first part presents a historical overview of diplomatic relations between China and Zambia. The second part deals with the domestic politics of Zambia and the usage by Zambian elites of the Chinese presence as an argument in internal political discourses. The third part focuses on emerging patterns of Chinese investment in Zambia, and tries to unpack some of the common myths pertaining to the scope and nature of China's engagement in Africa, based on the Zambian example.
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Teaching Them to Fish: Entrepreneurial Ideology and Rural Projects in South Africa - Leahy, Terry (South African Review of Sociology, 2011)
ABSTRACT One of the great puzzles of development work is the way money can easily be spent without much result. In South Africa, government development work in rural villages is oriented to food security and sustainable agriculture. In this article I want to trace the dominance of ‘entrepreneurialism’ as an ideology which has a major impact on agricultural development in the villages, to suggest reasons why projects based on this approach fail, and to outline an alternative strategy. To consider this as an ideology is to note its blind spots, to examine its class location, the interests which it serves, and the way it has become part of common sense. While this article outlines relevant government policies, a key focus is the viewpoints of agricultural officers, located as they are in the ‘professional-managerial class’ While their perspective in some ways reflects their class interests, they are at the same time attempting to truly bring development to the poor In this context, entrepreneurialism acts as a barrier to more effective strategies.
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Girl-Child education in northern Nigeria: problems, challenges, and solutions - Liman, Mukhtar Alhaji; Asraf, Ratnawati Mohd.; Shittu, Ahmed Tajudeen (2011)
This paper highlights the term Girl-Child education, the importance of acquisition of knowledge from Western and Islamic perspectives and the obstacles associated with girl-child education in the northern part of Nigeria. A number of factors have been identified militating against girl-childeducation. Some of these factors are: early marriage of girls, societal beliefs, cultural influences, religious inclinations, illiteracy and poverty level among other factors. The paper also examines the problems and challenges attributed to the implementation and actualization of government policies on girl-child education and it also duel on non-governmental organizations efforts in support of the girl-child education through scholarship awards, free text books, school uniforms, subsidized health care facilities and services in most of the villages in the northern part of Nigeria. Furthermore, the paper discusses the ways in which girl-child education benefits the society and the nation at large. The paper also examines the underlying basic issues pertaining to girl-child education in the northern-part of Nigeria. Finally, the author argues that, for the effective realization and actualization of successful girlchild education programs, it is important that parents, community leaders, society, government and non-governmental organizations as well as the media are alive to their roles and responsibility to the society.
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Does a Diversification Motive Influence Children’s School Entry in the Ethiopian Highlands? - Lindskog, Annika (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
Household-level diversification of human capital investments is investigated. A simple model is developed, followed by an empirical analysis using 2000-2007 data from the rural Amhara region of Ethiopia. Diversification would imply negative siblings’ dependency and be more important in more risk-averse households. Hence it is investigated if older siblings’ literacy has a more negative (smaller if positive) impact on younger siblings’ school entry in more risk-averse households. Results suggest diversification across brothers, but are not statistically strong, and with forces creating positive sibling dependency dominating over diversification.
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The Effect of Older Siblings’ Literacy on School Entry and Primary School Progress in the Ethiopian Highlands - Lindskog, Annika (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
The effects of older sisters’ and brothers’ literacy on the annual school entry and primary school grade progress probabilities of boys and girls are estimated using within-household variation. Older siblings’ literacy has positive effects, especially for same-sex siblings. The literacy of older sisters appears to be more beneficial than that of older brothers, not least since it has positive effects on school entry among both boys and girls, and since it has positive effects also when the sister has left the household. There are positive effects both from literate older siblings who left school and from literate older siblings who are still in school. This suggests that within-household education spillovers, rather than time-varying credit constraints, explain the positive sibling-dependency, since with credit constraints children in school would compete over scarce resources. The positive effects on school progress are limited to same-sex siblings who are still present in the household, suggesting every-day interactions to be important.
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Reflecting on the learning experiences of student nurses in rural Uganda - Lovett, W M D Robert; Gidman, Janice (British Journal of Community Nursing, 2011)
This article presents the first author, Wanda Lovett's experiences of pre-qualifying nurse education in rural Uganda, with a particular focus on promoting effective learning within community placements. The culture and context of health care and of nurse education are very different in this area when compared to the UK. Additionally there are a number of challenges associated with the mentorship of nursing students in practice, both in relation to facilitating learning and to the assessment of competence. This article describes the author's experiences of developing a more appropriate approach that reflects adult-centred learning, to promote the level of thinking that students will need to meet the demands of their roles once qualified.
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Assessment of the effectiveness of childbirth education in Malawi - Malata, Address; Chirwa, Ellen (African journal of midwifery and women's health, 2011)
A previous study has indicated that mothers are not satisfied with the amount of labour and childbirth information given in the hospital setting ( Malata, 2000 ). This has implications for how these information needs can be addressed through a childbirth education programme. These needs can be divided into three domains: antenatal; labour and birth; and postnatal needs. A sequential quasi-experimental design was used to assess the structured childbirth education programme that was subsequently launched. Healthy pregnant women of at least 30 weeks gestation were recruited and the final sample sizes were 104 and 105 for the control and intervention groups. The control group attended the normal antenatal clinic and the intervention group enrolled in a childbirth education programme in addition to the antenatal clinic education. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, the mean pre-test and post-test scores for the control group across the three domains were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). For the intervention group there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean pre-test and post-test scores across the three domains. The results show that the childbirth education programme imparted knowledge to the intervention group who received more effective childbirth education.
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Adaptation Advantage to Climate Change Impacts on Road Infra-structure in Africa through 2100 - Manahan, Kyle; Strzepek, Kenneth; Strzepek, Niko; Schlosser, C. Adam; Schweikert, Amy; Chinowsky, Paul S. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
The African continent is facing the potential of a US$183.6 billion liability to repair and maintain roads damaged from temperature and precipitation changes related to climate change through 2100. As detailed, the central part of the continent faces the greatest impact from climate change with countries facing an average cost of US$22 million annually, if they adopt a proactive adaptation policy and a US$54 million annual average, if a reactive approach is adopted. Additionally, countries face an average loss of opportunity to expand road networks from a low of 22 per cent to a high of 235 per cent in the central region.
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Where to now for vocational education and training in Africa? - McGrath, Simon (International Journal of Training Research, 2011)
Vocational education and training (VET) has returned to the list of policy priorities for education in Africa after an absence of a quarter of a century, yet there has been no new research that overturns the existing orthodox position that such provision, whether during or after schooling, is inefficient and ineffective. This paper addresses this apparent contradiction. It revisits the existing arguments against African VET to consider whether they have continued salience. It suggests that what is needed is a new approach to thinking about VET in Africa that takes account of innovations in theory, policy and practice about VET in other regions and in the wider field of African development theory. It offers a discussion of three areas in which a new approach might develop: reviewing the international evidence on VET reform; reimagining the purpose of VET; and revisiting the head-hand division and its implications for vocationalism in schools.
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How Can We Learn Whether Firm Policies are Working in Africa?: Challenges (and Solutions?) for Experiments and Structural Models - McKenzie, David (2011)
Firm productivity is low in African countries, prompting governments to try a number of active policies to improve it. Yet despite the millions of dollars spent on these policies, we are far from a situation where we know whether many of them are yielding the desired payoffs. This paper establishes some basic facts about the number and heterogeneity of firms in different sub-Saharan African countries and discusses their implications for experimental and structural approaches towards trying to estimate firm policy impacts. It shows that the typical firm program such as a matching grant scheme or business training program involves only 100 to 300 firms, which are often very heterogeneous in terms of employment and sales levels. As a result, standard experimental designs will lack any power to detect reasonable sized treatment impacts, while structural models which assume common production technologies and few missing markets will be ill-suited to capture the key constraints firms face. Nevertheless, the author suggests a way forward which involves focusing on a more homogeneous sub-sample of firms and collecting a lot more data on them than is typically collected.
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Corporate communication learner opinions of experiential learning for professional development in South Africa - Meintjes, Corné; Niemann‐Struweg, Ilse (Communicatio, 2011)
Abstract Experiential learning in corporate communication practitioners' professional development has been emphasised by South African higher education institutions and the business sector alike. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore corporate communication postgraduate learner opinions on the contribution of the experiential learning component (internship) towards their professional development. A qualitative research strategy was selected, using qualitative questionnaires and analysing the data through Tesch's descriptive method for open coding. It was found that learners experienced the completion of their internships as an invaluable component in their professional development. Furthermore, a streamlined approach to the management of internships could enhance the success of internship experiences. The study provides insight into the opinions of learners regarding the value of experiential learning and assists in identifying problem areas which could aid the philosophy, structure and management of other experiential learning programmes.
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Modelling the relationships between knowledge sharing, organisational citizenship, job satisfaction and organisational commitment among school teachers in Botswana - Mogotsi, Imogen; Boon, Jan; Fletcher, Lizelle (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2011)
This study argues that knowledge sharing behaviour is a kind of organisational citizenship behaviour as such: (i) the two variables should be strongly positively correlated and (ii) strong predictors of organisational citizenship behaviour should also strongly predict knowledge sharing behaviour. Since the organisational behaviour literature identifies job satisfaction and organisational commitment as robust predictors of organisational citizenship behaviour, the study investigated the interrelationships among knowledge sharing behaviour, organisational citizenship behaviour, job satisfaction, and organisational commitment. Empirical data were sourced from secondary school teachers in a number of schools in and around Gaborone, Botswana. Knowledge sharing behaviour and organisational citizenship behaviour were significantly positively correlated; organisational commitment was a significant predictor of organisational citizenship behaviour; and job satisfaction and organisational commitment were significantly positively correlated. Contrary to expectations, however, both job satisfaction and organisational commitment were unrelated to knowledge sharing behaviour. While it would be premature to conclude on the strength of the evidence presented in this paper that knowledge sharing behaviour indeed is a kind of organisational citizenship behaviour, the positive correlation between the two suggests that the role of organisational citizenship behaviour in organisational knowledge sharing is worth investigating further.
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Factors Affecting the Performance of Learners with Low Vision in Isiolo Central Division, Isoilo District- Kenya - Mohamed, Mohamud Osman (2011)
A Research Report Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor’s Degree in Special Needs Education of Kampala International University
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HIV exposure and related newborn morbidity and mortality in the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon - Monebenimp, Francisca; Dorothee, Ella Nga-Essono; Anne-Cecile, Zoung-Kany Bissek; Chelo, David; Ekoe, Tetanye (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011)
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Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt? - Mowafi, Mona; Khadr, Zeinab; Subramanian, S. V.; Bennett, Gary G.; Hill, Allan G.; Kawachi, Ichiro (Social Science & Medicine, 2011)
This study examined the association between area-level education and BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt. A sample of 3993 households including 1990 men and 2003 women were analyzed from the 2007 Cairo Urban Inequity Study, a study which aimed to identify potential intra-urban inequities in health related to the environment and living conditions in Cairo. Using multilevel analysis, we found that residents of high education neighborhoods were significantly less likely to be obese compared to low education neighborhoods. An inverse association between neighborhood education and individual BMI was observed whereby each unit increase in percentage of households with greater than a high school education was associated with a 0.036 kg/m(2) decrease in BMI of individuals. This translated into a difference between high and low education neighborhoods of 6.86 kg (15.1 lb) for women based on an average height of 1.65 m and 6.10 kg (13.4 lb) for men based on an average height of 1.75 m after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health and environmental factors. These findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce BMI among adults in this setting may be well-served by focusing on education since it appears to have an effect at the neighborhood level over and above the impact it has at the individual level. This may be due to several factors such as greater access to knowledge and information regarding health and nutrition, greater food availability, and shifting cultural perceptions of beauty away from an ideal body shape of plumpness in favor of thinness in high education neighborhoods. The cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow for causal interpretations, however, so further studies exploring why the neighborhood education-BMI association is so significant is warranted.
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Preventive HIV/AIDS Education through Physical Education: reflections from Zambia - Njelesani, Donald (Third World Quarterly, 2011)
Abstract Governments, UN agencies and international and local ngos have mounted a concerted effort to remobilise sport as a vehicle for broad, sustainable social development. This resonates with the call for sport to be a key component in national and international development objectives. Missing in these efforts is an explicit focus on physical education within state schools, which still enrol most children in the global South. This article focuses on research into one of the few instances where physical education within the national curriculum is being revitalised as part of the growing interest in leveraging the appeal of sport and play as means to address social development challenges such as hiv/aids. It examines the response to the Zambian government's 2006 Declaration of Mandatory Physical Education (with a preventive education focus on hiv/aids) by personnel charged with its implementation and illustrates weaknesses within the education sector. The use of policy instruments such as decrees/mandates helps ensure the mainstreaming of physical education in development. However, the urgency required to respond to new mandates, particularly those sanctioned by the highest levels of government, can result in critical pieces of the puzzle being ignored, thereby undermining the potential of physical education (and sport) within development. Notes The author wishes to acknowledge the support of the Zambian Ministry of Education, in particular Mrs Chishala and Mrs Phiri for their tremendous support throughout the planning of this study. I am equally grateful to the teachers and administrators who participated in this study and who allowed me to spend time with them and learn about their experiences. 1 Ministry of Education, Circular No 1, Lusaka, 2006. 2 B Kidd, ‘A new social movement: sport for development and peace’, Sport in Society, 11(4), 2008, pp 370–380. 3 Ibid. 4 B Kidd & P Donnelly (eds), The Benefits of Sport in International Development: Five Literature Reviews, Geneva: International Working Group for Sport, Development and Peace, 2007, pp 1–195, at http://iwg.sportanddev.org/data/htmleditor/file/SDP%20IWG/literature%20review%20SDP.pdf. 5 UK Department for Education and Employment, Physical Education: The National Curriculum for England and Wales, London: Department for Education and Employment, 2000. 6 M Brady, ‘Creating safe spaces and building social assets for young women in the developing world: a new role for sports’, Women's Studies Quarterly, 33(1–2), 2005, pp 35–49; and M Brady & A Banu-Khan, Letting Girls Play: The Mathare Youth Sports Association's Football Program for Girls, New York: Population Council, 2002. 7 J Koss & A Alexandra, ‘hiv/aids prevention and peace through sport’, Lancet, 366, 2005, pp 53–54. 8 E Blinde & D Taub, ‘Personal empowerment through sport and physical fitness activity: perspectives from male college students with physical and sensory disabilities’, Sport Behavior, 22(2) 1999, pp 181–202; N Sentumbwe & N Kahrs, ‘The Uganda mobility and rehabilitation programme final report on the sporting with visual impairment project’, Uganda Mobility and Rehabilitation Programme and Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, 2001, at http://www.resource-access.com/sports-99report.doc, accessed 15 June 2007. 9 R Leavermore & A Beacom (eds), Sport and International Development, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 10 ‘Global South’ as used in this article refers to communities of people at different geographical locations who experience a common set of problems—problems which emanate, by and large, from deep inequities of power within and between nations. For more information, see http://www.yorku.ca/ananya/Globalsouthhome.htm. 11 R Bailey, ‘Physical education and sport in schools: a review of benefits and outcomes’, School Health, 76(8), 2006, pp 397–402. 12 Ibid. 13 B Kidd, ‘A new social movement’. 14 W Delva & M Temmerman, ‘Determinants of the effectiveness of hiv prevention through sport’, in Y. Vanden Auweele, C Malcolm & B Meulders (eds), Sport and Development, Leuven: Lannoo Campus, 2006, pp 125–134; and S Nicholls & A Giles, ‘Sport as a tool for hiv/aids education: a potential catalyst for change’, Pimatisiwin: Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 5(1), 2007, pp 51–58. 15 unesco, unesco's Strategy for hiv/aids Prevention Education, Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning, 2004. 16 F Coalter, ‘Sport-in-development: accountability or development?’, in Levermore & Beacom, Sport and International Development, p 58. 17 Education for All comprises six internationally agreed education goals that aim to meet the learning needs of all children, youth and adults by 2015. These goals express a comprehensive view of education, from early childhood care and development to literacy and life skills for youth and adults. For more information, see http://www.unesco.org/en/efa/efa-goals/. 18 C Dyer ‘Researching the implementation of educational policy: a backward mapping approach’, Comparative Education, 35(1), 1999, pp 45–61. 19 Ministry of Education, Grade 7 Examinations Results Announced, at http://www.moe.gov.zm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=116&Itemid=157, accessed 25 May 2010. 20 International Inspiration is London 2012's official international sports legacy programme. International Inspiration in Zambia aims to raise the profile of physical education and sport in schools and communities. The programme has supported the development of a curriculum that draws together good practice in physical literacy and life-skills development. For more information, see http://www.london2012.com/get-involved/education/international-inspiration/where-is-it-happening/zambia.php. 21 The fndp is the Zambian government's development policy for achieving Vision 2030, which is to become a middle-income country by 2030. 22 Ministry of Education, Grade 7 Examinations Results Announced. 23 Leavermore & Beacom, Sport and International Development. 24 F Coalter, Sport-in-Development: A Monitoring and Evaluation Manual, London: UK Sport, 2006, at http://www.sportanddev.org/en/home/resources-tools/index.htm, accessed 23 July 2010; S Darnell, ‘Playing with race: right to play and the production of whiteness in “development through sport”’, Sport in Society, 10(4), 2007, pp 560–579; P Donnelly, ‘Sport and human rights’, Sport in Society, (11)4, 2008, pp 381–394; R Giulianotti, ‘Human rights, globalization and sentimental education: the case of sport’, Sport in Society, 7(3), 2004 , pp 355–369; and Kidd, ‘A new social movement’. 25 Kidd, ‘A new social movement’. 26 D Njelesani, ‘Zambian hiv/aids policy with reference to Uganda’, unpublished PhD thesis, Dalhousie University. 27 B Houlihan & M Green, ‘The changing status of school sport and physical education: explaining policy change’, Sport, Education and Society, 11(1), 2006, pp 73–92. 28 F Nieuwenhuis, The Development of Education Systems in Postcolonial Africa: A Study of a Selected Number of African Countries, Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1996. 29 G Mutangadura, Zambian Education Summary, at http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1705/Zambia-SUMMARY.html, accessed 4 July 2009. 30 usaid, Zambia Education Facts, at www.usaid.gov/zm/education/ed.htm, accessed 9 December 2008. 31 ‘Low standards in education’ (online editorial), Post Newspaper (Lusaka), 11 March 2010, at www.postzambia.com/post-read_article.php?articleId=6896, accessed 11 March 2010. 32 M Bajaj, ‘Intergenerational perspectives on education and employment in the Zambian copperbelt’, Comparative Education Review, 54(2), 2010 , pp 175–197. 33 A Gadzala, ‘From formal- to informal-sector employment: examining the Chinese presence in Zambia’, Review of African Political Economy, 37(123), 2010, pp 41–59. 34 M Bajaj, ‘Intergenerational perspectives on education and employment in the Zambian copperbelt’. 35 C Beyani, ‘Zambia's education progression rate is too low’, Post Newspaper, 11 March 2010, at www.postzambia.com/postread_article.php?articleId=6896, accessed 11 March 2010. 36 ActionAid, imf and Education, at www.actionaid.org/main.aspx?PageID=166, accessed 9 July 2009. 37 M Bajaj, ‘Intergenerational perspectives on education and employment in the Zambian Copperbelt’. 38 usaid, Zambia Education Facts. 39 M Bajaj, ‘Schooling in the shadow of death: youth agency and hiv/aids in Zambia’, Asian and African studies, 43(3), 2008, pp 307–329. 40 Levermore & Beacom, Sport and International Development. 41 O Mwaanga, ‘Sport for addressing hiv/aids: explaining our convictions’, LSA Newsletter, 85, 2010, p 65. 42 K Hardman & J Marshall, ‘The state and status of physical education in schools in international context’, European Physical Education Review, 6(3), 2000, pp 203–229. 43 Kidd, ‘A new social movement’. 44 Bailey, ‘Physical education and sport in schools’. 45 S Reeves, A Kuper & B Hodges, ‘Qualitative research methodologies: ethnography’, British Medical Journal, 337(7668), 2008, pp 512–514. 46 Thematic analysis is a method for identifying, analysing and reporting patterns (themes) within data. Braun and Clarke provide a useful 15-point checklist of criteria for good thematic analysis. See V Braun & V Clarke, ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2006, pp 77–101. 47 L Finlay, ‘Outing the researcher: the provenance, process, and practice of reflexivity’, Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 2002, pp 531–545. 48 Levermore & Beacom, Sport and International Development; and Kidd, ‘A new social movement’. 49 Levermore & Beacom, Sport and International Development; and Mwaanga, ‘Sport for addressing hiv/aids’. 50 Levermore & Beacom, Sport and International Development. 51 Gadzala, ‘From formal- to informal-sector employment’. 52 Houlihan & Green, ‘The changing status of school sport and physical education’. 53 W Clune, ‘Three views of curriculum policy in the school context: the school as policy mediator, policy critic, and policy constructor’, in MW McLaughlin, JE Talbert & N Bascia (eds), The Contexts of Teaching in Secondary Schools: Teachers' Realities, New York: Teachers College Press, 1990, pp 256–270. 54 Ministry of Education, Circular No 1, emphasis added. 55 C Dyer, ‘Researching the implementation of educational policy’. 56 R Elmore, ‘Backward mapping: implementation research and policy decisions’, Political Science Quarterly, 94(4), 1979 , pp 601–616. 57 The programme supports schools and teachers through provision of teaching materials and exposure to other physical educators from the UK in several provinces in Zambia. 58 Darnell, ‘Playing with race’; and Giulianotti, ‘Human rights, globalization and sentimental education’. 59 Verstehen refers to understanding the meaning of action from the actor's point of view. It is entering into the shoes of the other, and adopting this research stance requires treating the actor as a subject, rather than an object of one's observations. G Ritzer (ed), Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Oxford: Blackwell 2007, at www.blackwellreference.com/public/book?id=g9781405124331_yr2010_97 81405124331, accessed 26 August 2010. 60 B Kidd, ‘A new social movement’.
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Information-Seeking Behavior of Doctors at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria - Nwezeh, Chinwe M. T.; Shabi, Olabode Muftau; Shabi, Iwok Nnah (Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 2011)
To ascertain the pattern and determinants of information-seeking behaviors of doctors at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, southwestern Nigeria, a descriptive, multimethod, cross-sectional survey, involving the use of self-administered questionnaires, interviews, and on the spot observation during consultation were employed. One hundred twelve doctors completed the study—a 70% response rate. Results indicated preferred sources of information and indicated that presently information needs are not being met by the university library services. Most respondents suggested computerization of library services, interlibrary connection, current awareness services, and improvement in the interpersonal relationships of library staff as means to improve library service.
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Exploring the Co-Development of Mathematical and Technological Knowledge Among African American Students - Nzuki, Francis (International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 2011)
This study examines African American students’ interactions with the graphing calculator as a tool to support their mathematical learning. Two participants, chosen through purposive sampling, were the focus of this study. The participants were presented with a task-based interview, and the strategies they employed in solving these tasks with the help of a graphing calculator were examined. The participants’ strategies were analyzed using Goos, Galbraith, Renshaw, and Geiger’s (2003) framework of the varying modes of sophistication with which students work and interact with technology and the ways in which technology can mediate learning. These modes include technology as master, technology as servant, technology as partner, and technology as an extension of self. In solving the mathematical tasks, the participants’ modes of interacting with the graphing calculator technology were influenced by how and when they chose to use the graphing calculator. They were also influenced by their ability to reinforce their mathematical and technological knowledge mutually. It is this ability to develop an interactive relationship between mathematical and technological knowledge that shaped the participants’ fluency in solving the mathematical tasks.
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Implementation of the Primary School Curriculum Modules in Nigeria: The Role of Supervision - Oghuvbu, Enamiroro Patrick (The Anthropologist, 2011)
This paper focuses attention on the content of the primary school curriculum modules and the role of school supervision in the interpretation and application of the curriculum contents by teachers. Identified roles of school supervision includes: effective school inspection and instructional supervision, regular workshop for school inspectors, headmasters and teachers on the interpretation and application of the curriculum contents. Formation of standing curriculum supervision committee at the federal, state and local government levels, allocation of adequate fund and time for effective study of the curriculum modules and dynamic leadership by supervisors are also essential for the positive coordination of the implementation of the curriculum modules in the 21st century.
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Can Schools Offer Solutions to Small-scale Farmers in Africa? Analysis of the Socioeconomic Benefits of Primary School Agriculture in Uganda - Okiror, John James; Oonyu, Joseph; Matsiko, Frank B.; Kibwika, Paul (The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2011)
Abstract This paper discusses the factors influencing application of school gardening knowledge and skills by pupils at school and household level; and whether pupils are effective sources of information to their parents. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare cohorts of 30 pupils randomly selected from eight schools in Kumi and Tororo districts of Uganda. In each school, 15 pupils were randomly assigned to either a home or school supervised gardening group. The groups were guided and evaluated by teachers and members of agriculture advisory committees drawn from local communities. Findings show that application and learning transfer of agriculture knowledge and skills depend on opportunities availed to pupils at school and homes to practice what they learn. Pupils' performance depended on willingness of parents and teachers to offer support such as availing land for home gardens. Contrary to existing literature pupils effectively passed gardening information to their parents despite language constraints, timidity and usefulness of the messages. In Uganda, agriculture is a fully-fledged subject in primary schools. Findings show that if schools are to contribute to farming at village level, existing curricula should include supervised home gardening and that parents can be targeted through school gardening outreach programming. The paper contributes to the debate about the value of school agriculture as a solution to unemployed school-leavers rather than a dead end that competes with the priorities of basic Education for All.
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Cigarette Smoking among Nigerian Adolescent Public Senior Secondary School Boys: Prevalence, Characteristics and Attitudes - Onyiriuka, Alphonsus N.; Onyiriuka, Rita C. (International journal of child and adolescent health, 2011)
IntroductionCigarette-smoking which often begins during adolescence is on the rise and constitutes a public health problem, not only because of the preventable morbidity and mortality it causes, but also, because of its socioeconomic implications (1,2). The prevalence rate of cigarette smoking is declining in developed countries (3), but rising in developing countries (4). Despite this trend, there is paucity of information on cigarette smoking among adolescents in most developing countries (5). Cigarette smoking commonly begins during adolescence when several factors such as peer pressure, family influences, social class, curiosity, defiance of social norms and the desire to imitate others influence a youth to start smoking and maintain the habit (6,7).Adverse effects of cigarette smoking may occur during adolescence. For instance, increased prevalence of chronic cough, sputum production, wheezing, bad breath and yellowish discoloration of the teeth have been documented (8). Cigarette smoke is known to induce hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum enzymes which may influence metabolism of some drugs such as phenacetin, theophylline and imipramine and also endogenously produced hormones (8). Studies have shown that adolescent cigarette smokers are at increased risk of other forms of drug misuse (9-11). Inhalation of cigarette smoke by adolescents predispose to early pharmacological dependence on cigarette (10). It is known that adolescent smokers may become nicotine dependent while smoking fewer number of cigarette sticks per day than are necessary for adult smokers (8). More than 90% of adolescent smokers become adult smokers (8). It has been shown that signs of nicotine dependence include smoking more than 10 sticks of cigarette per day or feeling a craving to smoke their first cigarette within 30 minutes after waking up.(12,13).The reported prevalence of cigarette smoking among male secondary school students varied from country to country. For instance, the following prevalence have been reported: Republic of Yemen 21.9% (14); Saudi Arabia 20.0% (15); Syria 15.9% (16); Portugal 21.5% (9); and Bahrain 21.0% (17)In Nigeria, there is paucity of information on the prevalence of cigarette smoking, smoking behaviours and attitudes toward smoking among our adolescent secondary school students (18). Ibe and Ele, (19) in Nigeria, studied only female secondary school students despite the reported higher prevalence among boys; (5,9,20) including Nigeria (1). In this regard, data from Nigeria on cigarette smoking among male secondary school students will be intriguing given the fact that our social, cultural and economic patterns differ significantly from those of many non-African countries and even, some African countries. The present study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent senior secondary school boys in Oredo LGA and assess the characteristics and attitudes of the smokers. The data obtained will provide a base-line information needed for planning policies and strategies for school cigarette-smoking control programmes.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the two public senior secondary schools for boys in Oredo Local Government Area (LGA), Edo State. According to Edo State Ministry of Education Statistics, (21) there are nine public senior secondary schools in the LGA comprising 4 for only girls, 3 coeducational (boys and girls mixed) and the remaining 2 for only boys. In each of the two boys senior secondary school, all classes were recruited according to schedule convenience of each class to minimize disruption of the academic activity of the class. All students in each of the classes were asked to participate. Consent for the study was obtained from the school authorities.Data for the study was collected between January and February 2009, using anonymous selfadministered questionnaire based on WHO guidelines (22) for conduct of survey on smoking prevalence and behaviour with some additional questions. …
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Impact of retirement on stress levels of retired primary school teachers between 1995-2004: A case of Rachuonyo district, Kenya - Osano, Sheth Odiwuor (2011)
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African Americans and Community Engagement in Higher Education: Community Service, Service‐Learning, and Community‐Based Research – Edited by Stephanie Y. Evans, Colette M. Taylor, Michelle R. Dunlap, and DeMond S. Miller - Owens, Marcia Allen (Teaching Theology & Religion, 2011)
Teaching Theology & ReligionVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 192-194 African Americans and Community Engagement in Higher Education: Community Service, Service-Learning, and Community-Based Research – Edited by Stephanie Y. Evans, Colette M. Taylor, Michelle R. Dunlap, and DeMond S. Miller Marcia Allen Owens, Marcia Allen Owens Florida A&M UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Marcia Allen Owens, Marcia Allen Owens Florida A&M UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 April 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9647.2011.00703.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume14, Issue2April 2011Pages 192-194 RelatedInformation
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Perceptions by Undergraduate Students of the Environmental Conditions and Resources Availability in Selected University Libraries in Nigeria - Oyedum, Georgina Uchey; Nwalo, Kenneth Ivo Ngozi (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2011)
The availability of adequate library resources and favourable environmental conditions in the libraries are critical factors that promote the effective use of resources in the libraries. It is from this perspective that this paper evaluated and assessed the extent to which environmental factors such as noise, ventilation and physical facilities, as well as resources availability influence the use of university libraries by undergraduate students in Nigeria. The survey research method was used to sample 1,453 undergraduate students from six selected Nigerian universities for the study. A questionnaire was the main data collection instrument, and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage tabulation were used in analysing the data. Results showed that environmental factors and resources availability have significant effects on the undergraduate students’ use of the university libraries. The majority of the respondents expressed the need for improved environmental factors such as good ventilation, improved physical facilities and noise control in the reading areas. They also expressed the need for adequate and current library materials and information and communication technology equipment and systems in Nigerian university libraries. The findings of the study highlight the imperative for managers of Nigerian university libraries to conduct regular surveys and evaluation of their library resources and the environmental conditions under which the resources are made available for use.
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Education, Language, and Identity Amongst Students at a South African University - Parkinson, Jean; Crouch, Alison (Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 2011)
This article reports on a study of language and cultural identity of mother-tongue Zulu students at an English-medium South African university. The data consist of focus group interviews, questionnaires, and student opinions in essays. Findings include a strong identification of the participants with the Zulu language and Zulu culture, and a view of English variously as a language of settlers that participants are forced to speak for instrumental reasons, or, more positively, as a language useful for education and as a lingua franca. Stigmatisation of those who speak English “too much” was evident. Other findings are that although participants had been educated at nominally English-medium schools, classroom instruction for many was likely to have been in Zulu, with English used only for written work. After 1 year at university, however, students could articulate a clear idea of the kind of writing demanded by university study.
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Clinical Pharmacy Consultations Provided by American and Kenyan Pharmacy Students During an Acute Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience - Pastakia, Sonak D.; Vincent, William R.; Manji, I; Kamau, Evelyn; Schellhase, Ellen (American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2011)
To compare the clinical consultations provided by American and Kenyan pharmacy students in an acute care setting in a developing country.The documented pharmacy consultation recommendations made by American and Kenyan pharmacy students during patient care rounds on an advanced pharmacy practice experience at a referral hospital in Kenya were reviewed and classified according to type of intervention and therapeutic area.The Kenyan students documented more interventions than American students (16.7 vs. 12.0 interventions/day) and provided significantly more consultations regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antibiotics. The top area of consultations provided by American students was cardiovascular diseases.American and Kenyan pharmacy students successfully providing clinical pharmacy consultations in a resource-constrained, acute-care practice setting suggests an important role for pharmacy students in the reconciliation of prescriber orders with medication administration records and in providing drug information.
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Clinical Pharmacy Consultations Provided by American and Kenyan Pharmacy Students During an Acute Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience - Pastakia, Sonak D.; Vincent, William R.; Manji, I; Kamau, Evelyn; Schellhase, Ellen (American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2011)
To compare the clinical consultations provided by American and Kenyan pharmacy students in an acute care setting in a developing country.The documented pharmacy consultation recommendations made by American and Kenyan pharmacy students during patient care rounds on an advanced pharmacy practice experience at a referral hospital in Kenya were reviewed and classified according to type of intervention and therapeutic area.The Kenyan students documented more interventions than American students (16.7 vs. 12.0 interventions/day) and provided significantly more consultations regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antibiotics. The top area of consultations provided by American students was cardiovascular diseases.American and Kenyan pharmacy students successfully providing clinical pharmacy consultations in a resource-constrained, acute-care practice setting suggests an important role for pharmacy students in the reconciliation of prescriber orders with medication administration records and in providing drug information.
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Teacher Education in Kenya: Emerging Issues - Patrick, Angela (2011)
Teacher Education is an important component of educ ation. It influences all aspects of education and beyond. Like other components of education, Teacher Education is influenced by social, political, economic and technological de velopments in a society. This paper examines the emerging issues in this component of education in Kenya brought about by the technological developments. Also discussed are the implications of these emerging issues to education and other related developments in this country.
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EFFECTS OF GREEK AFFILIATION ON AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS' ENGAGEMENT: Differences by College Racial Composition - Patton, Lori D.; Bridges, Brian K.; Flowers, Lamont A. (The College Student Affairs Journal, 2011)
This study used a nationally representative sample of African American college students to examine the degree to which their affiliation with a Greek-letter organization contributed to engagement in effective educational practices by analyzing National Survey of Student Engagement data at historically Black colleges and universities and predominantly White institutions. Overall, the findings indicated that Greek affiliation does enhance African American student engagement, particularly as it relates to interactions with faculty members and peers. Data also indicated that Greek affiliated members at historically Black colleges and universities appear to be more engaged than their counterparts at predominantly White institutions. African American college students who have an interest in becoming involved on campus often join student organizations such as Black Greek-letter organizations (BGLOs), which have had a presence on campuses dating back to the early 190Os (Kimbrough, 1997, 2003; McClure, 2006; Ross, 2000). As a result of their Greek affiliation, African American students at both historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and predominantly White institutions (PWIs) have been exposed to various leadership roles, opportunities for civic responsibility within and beyond the collegiate environment, and a network of men and women who promote and encourage academic achievement and community service (Harper, 2008; Harper & Harris, 2006; Kimbrough, 1995, 1997; Patton & Bonner, 2001). Despite the documented history regarding the impact of Greek affiliation on African American college students (Kimbrough, 1997), the critical question concerning the relevance of Greekletter organizations on college campuses, broadly speaking (Kuh, Pascarella, & Wechsler, 1996; Maisei, 1990; Nuwer, 1999) has remained a topic of scholarly debate (Kimbrough, 2003). Against this backdrop, Patton and Bonner (2001) stated: With their longstanding tradition of scholarship, leadership, community service, and social activism, these organizations have served as an aegis of protection for the African American collegiate and noncollegiate community against a number of social and political forays; yet they have not existed without their share of controversy and negative press, (p. 17) The importance and relevance of Greek affiliation, both across the landscape and within BGLOs have often been questioned over the years (McKenzie, 1990; Ruffms, 1997). In explaining the initial doubts regarding these groups, McKenzie (1990), asserted: The unfavorable attitudes held toward the groups due to questionable membership selection and initiation practices, along with the disharmony they brought to campus life at Black colleges because of their involvement in student elections, resulted in students, faculty, and the Black population at large frequently challenging the groups to demonstrate positive contributions to student, as well as Negro life. (p. 32) In light of these and similar viewpoints noted in the higher education and student affairs literature regarding the effects of Greek affiliation on Black student experiences and outcomes (Kimbrough, 1997, 2003; McClure, 2006), the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Greek affiliation among Black students on measures of studentengagement at HBCUs and PWIs using data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). We highlight two strands of literature that are pertinent to better understanding this study. First offered is the literature related to Black student experiences at PWIs and HBCUs. Given that students in this study attended institutions situated in one of these contexts, it is important to share what researchers have found when examining Black student experiences at both institutional types. Second is the literature related to Black student affiliation within BGLOs. We acknowledge that some Black students, although not a critical mass, may belong to predominantly White fraternities and sororities at PWIs. …
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'I am the nurse who does io!': impact of a 'training of trainers' paediatric resuscitation training programme in malawi - Pollock, Louisa; Jefferis, Oliver; Dube, Queen; Kadewa, R (Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2011)
Aims To determine the impact of a single ‘training of trainers’ ETAT (Emergency triage, assessment and treatment) paediatric resuscitation training programme on clinical practice of participating healthcare workers in Malawi. Methods Training was based on the WHO ETAT programme. Participants, senior healthcare workers working directly with children, completed a 4-day course including local ETAT implementation planning workshop. Impact on participant knowledge was assessed by pre and post-course test scores. Clinical practice impact was based on structured interview and retrospective case reporting at 6 months. Service impact was assessed after 6 months by site visits and hospital reports. Results 79 participants (47 nursing staff, 27 clinical officers, 3 medical assistants, 2 doctors) from 25 hospitals in 18 Malawian healthcare districts were trained. Pre and post-course knowledge tests (n=79) showed improvement in both individual and overall scores (overall mean score pre: 10.27 post: 12.48 p=<0.001). At 6 month follow-up 17 hospitals were visited and 20 made progress reports. Contact was lost with 5 hospitals. Around 25% of participants had left paediatric or health services. 6 month post-course knowledge test (n=32) showed retained improvement compared to pre-course scores (mean 6 month score: 11.81, p=0.001). 26 participants completed a structured interview at 6 months. All attributed positive changes in clinical practice to the course. 41 specific case histories of children9s lives saved attributed to skills not used prior to the course were reported. ‘Life-saving’ skills included intra-osseous access (30 cases), bag-valve mask ventilation (7 cases) and anti-convulsant protocols (4 cases). 20 hospitals reported impact on service. 3 hospitals had introduced triage, 14 made improvements to existing triage systems. 8 hospitals had established a specific clinical area for resuscitation of children. 11 hospitals had obtained funding for participants to train colleagues: a further 272 healthcare workers had been trained in triage skills. Conclusions Logistical difficulties, resource limitation and high staff turnover were barriers to both local implementation of ETAT and assessment at follow-up. Training programmes and ‘real-life’ implementation need to be continuously supported to sustain improvement. Despite this there was evidence of knowledge gained and retained, and most importantly of positive impact on outcome for individual children. True impact may be underestimated.
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Egyptology in the classroom: teaching ancient Egypt in high schools using philology, history, and archeology. - Robinson, Christopher Allen; Hunt, Kathryn J. (2011)
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Business Ethics as Field of Teaching, Training and Research in Sub-Saharan Africa - Rossouw, G. J. (Journal of Business Ethics, 2011)
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A comparison of social work education across South Africa and Japan in relation to the Global Standards for Social Work Education and Training - Sakaguchi, Haruhiko; Sewpaul, Vishanthie (International Journal of Social Welfare, 2011)
Sakaguchi H, Sewpaul V. A comparison of social work education across South Africa and Japan in relation to the Global Standards for Social Work Education and Training Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 192–202 © 2009 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article draws on a one-year study visit to the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, interviews with field supervisors and students in Japan and reviews of the national frameworks of education in Japan and in South Africa. In doing so, the authors identify the similarities and differences in social work education across the two countries and they explore some of the historical and socio-cultural factors that might account for the differences. There are some identifiable peculiarities in social work education in Japan, especially with the coalescing of care work and social work education. The lack of differentiation between care work and social work makes it difficult to narrow the scope of social work education and practice. National social work standards have been approved in South Africa and regulatory frameworks for social work education and practice have been long accepted, thus rendering ‘social work’ a protected title and a profession that is more entrenched compared with social work in Japan. The codes of ethics in Japan and South Africa are discussed with specific reference to their control functions in South Africa. The article concludes by discussing these comparisons in relation to the Global Standards for Social Work Education.
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Impact of climate change on the hydroclimatology of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia - Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye; Rayner, David; Melesse, Assefa M.; Dargahi, Bijan; Srinivasan, Raghavan (Water Resources Research, 2011)
Climate change has the potential to reduce water resource availability in the Nile Basin countries in the forthcoming decades. We investigated the sensitivity of water resources to climate change in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia, using outputs from global climate models (GCMs). First, we compiled projected changes in monthly precipitation and temperature in the basin from 15 GCMs. Although the GCMs uniformly suggest increases in temperature, the rainfall projections are not consistent. Second, we investigated how changes in daily temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in streamflow and other hydrological components. For this, we generated daily climate projections by modifying the historical data sets to represent the changes in the GCM climatologies and calculated hydrological changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model itself was calibrated and validated using the flows from four tributaries of Lake Tana. For the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 scenario, four of the nine GCMs investigated showed statistically significant declines in annual streamflow for the 2080–2100 period. We interpret our results to mean that anthropogenic climate changes may indeed alter the water balance in the Lake Tana Basin during the next century but that the direction of change cannot be determined with confidence using the current generation of GCMs.
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Impact of climate change on the hydroclimatology of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia - Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye; Rayner, David; Melesse, Assefa M.; Dargahi, Bijan; Srinivasan, Raghavan (Water Resources Research, 2011)
Climate change has the potential to reduce water resource availability in the Nile Basin countries in the forthcoming decades. We investigated the sensitivity of water resources to climate change in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia, using outputs from global climate models (GCMs). First, we compiled projected changes in monthly precipitation and temperature in the basin from 15 GCMs. Although the GCMs uniformly suggest increases in temperature, the rainfall projections are not consistent. Second, we investigated how changes in daily temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in streamflow and other hydrological components. For this, we generated daily climate projections by modifying the historical data sets to represent the changes in the GCM climatologies and calculated hydrological changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model itself was calibrated and validated using the flows from four tributaries of Lake Tana. For the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 scenario, four of the nine GCMs investigated showed statistically significant declines in annual streamflow for the 2080–2100 period. We interpret our results to mean that anthropogenic climate changes may indeed alter the water balance in the Lake Tana Basin during the next century but that the direction of change cannot be determined with confidence using the current generation of GCMs.
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Impact of climate change on the hydroclimatology of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia - Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye; Rayner, David; Melesse, Assefa M.; Dargahi, Bijan; Srinivasan, Raghavan (Water Resources Research, 2011)
Climate change has the potential to reduce water resource availability in the Nile Basin countries in the forthcoming decades. We investigated the sensitivity of water resources to climate change in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia, using outputs from global climate models (GCMs). First, we compiled projected changes in monthly precipitation and temperature in the basin from 15 GCMs. Although the GCMs uniformly suggest increases in temperature, the rainfall projections are not consistent. Second, we investigated how changes in daily temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in streamflow and other hydrological components. For this, we generated daily climate projections by modifying the historical data sets to represent the changes in the GCM climatologies and calculated hydrological changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model itself was calibrated and validated using the flows from four tributaries of Lake Tana. For the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 scenario, four of the nine GCMs investigated showed statistically significant declines in annual streamflow for the 2080–2100 period. We interpret our results to mean that anthropogenic climate changes may indeed alter the water balance in the Lake Tana Basin during the next century but that the direction of change cannot be determined with confidence using the current generation of GCMs.
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Impact of climate change on the hydroclimatology of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia - Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye; Rayner, David; Melesse, Assefa M.; Dargahi, Bijan; Srinivasan, Raghavan (Water Resources Research, 2011)
Climate change has the potential to reduce water resource availability in the Nile Basin countries in the forthcoming decades. We investigated the sensitivity of water resources to climate change in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia, using outputs from global climate models (GCMs). First, we compiled projected changes in monthly precipitation and temperature in the basin from 15 GCMs. Although the GCMs uniformly suggest increases in temperature, the rainfall projections are not consistent. Second, we investigated how changes in daily temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in streamflow and other hydrological components. For this, we generated daily climate projections by modifying the historical data sets to represent the changes in the GCM climatologies and calculated hydrological changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model itself was calibrated and validated using the flows from four tributaries of Lake Tana. For the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 scenario, four of the nine GCMs investigated showed statistically significant declines in annual streamflow for the 2080–2100 period. We interpret our results to mean that anthropogenic climate changes may indeed alter the water balance in the Lake Tana Basin during the next century but that the direction of change cannot be determined with confidence using the current generation of GCMs.
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of climate change on the hydroclimatology of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia - Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye; Rayner, David; Melesse, Assefa M.; Dargahi, Bijan; Srinivasan, Raghavan (Water Resources Research, 2011)
Climate change has the potential to reduce water resource availability in the Nile Basin countries in the forthcoming decades. We investigated the sensitivity of water resources to climate change in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia, using outputs from global climate models (GCMs). First, we compiled projected changes in monthly precipitation and temperature in the basin from 15 GCMs. Although the GCMs uniformly suggest increases in temperature, the rainfall projections are not consistent. Second, we investigated how changes in daily temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in streamflow and other hydrological components. For this, we generated daily climate projections by modifying the historical data sets to represent the changes in the GCM climatologies and calculated hydrological changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model itself was calibrated and validated using the flows from four tributaries of Lake Tana. For the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 scenario, four of the nine GCMs investigated showed statistically significant declines in annual streamflow for the 2080–2100 period. We interpret our results to mean that anthropogenic climate changes may indeed alter the water balance in the Lake Tana Basin during the next century but that the direction of change cannot be determined with confidence using the current generation of GCMs.
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The Prevalence of Concurrent Sexual Partnerships among Students in Institutions of Higher Education in Zimbabwe - Shumba, Almon; Mapfumo, John; Chademana, Jacqueline (Journal of Human Ecology, 2011)
This study set out to establish the level of sexual activity and prevalence of concurrent sexual partnerships among students in two Faculties at a University in Zimbabwe. The study also investigated the extent and motivation for age-discrepant sexual partnerships and the possible link between multiple concurrent sexual partnerships and the spread of HIV/AIDS. Four research questions were posed to establish the level of sexual activity among university students, prevalence of concurrent relationships, motivation for and involvement in intergenerational sexual partnerships, and students’ knowledge of the possible link between concurrent sexual behaviour and the spread of HIV/AIDS. A convenience sample of 145 student respondents (85 females and 60 males) was used in this study. A ten-item self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussion were used to collect the necessary data. The study found high levels of sexual activity (more for male than for female students) and high prevalence of concurrent sexual behaviour. The study also found that female students participated in concurrent sexual partnerships to benefit from the resources of their male partners while males were largely motivated around the sex motive. In spite of the high levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, high levels of concurrent sexual relationships were prevalent among students who participated in this study. This study confirmed results reported in the literature and has implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS.
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Developing a Vocational Training and Transition Planning Programme for Intellectually Disabled Students in South Africa: A Case Study - Steyn, G.M.; Vlachos, Catharina Johanna (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
Little information is available on future vocational preparation for intellectually disabled students in South African schools. Currently teachers adapt the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) to educate these students. A literature study was conducted to investigate existing models in the United States of America in order to develop a framework for a South African vocational training programme. The NCS was adapted to make the learning material suitable for intellectually disabled students. The programme was implemented and a mixed method research design facilitated a case study done in a school for intellectually disabled students. Findings revealed that a school vocational training programme can be managed successfully to the benefit of the parents, students and Department of Education. Based on the findings recommendations were made to improve various sections of the comprehensive programme.
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A Report Card on District Achievement: How Low-Income, African-American, and Latino Students Fare in California School Districts. K-12 Policy. - Stuart, Lindsey; Hahnel, Carrie (2011)
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceived Problems Associated with French Language Learning Among Secondary School Student in Nigeria - Tar, Maryam (2011)
Learning a new language comes with its own set of problems. Even the brightest of students can find the new language to be difficult and hard to understand. This study adopted descriptive survey design in studying the problems associated with French language learning among secondary school students. Three hundred and fourteen (314) students were randomly selected and agreed to participate in this study. These students were made up of 146 males and 168 females. Their ages range from 12-17years with mean of 14.24 and standard deviation of 6.18. Two hundred and eighteen (218) were in junior secondary Ill while ninety six (96) were in senior secondary school. All of them had French as one of their subjects in school. The respondents indicated six problems associated with French language acquisition
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Adult Education and Sustainable Learning Outcome of Rural Widows of Central Northern Nigeria - Usman, Lantana M. (International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 2011)
In northern Nigeria, widows’ identities and status are defined within the mores, norms, traditional religions, and legal institutions of the cultures of the community. The ethnic cultural laws are oppressive and retrogressive. The nexus of these cultural pressures trigger discriminatory practices that deny school attending widows’ access, and completion of primary and secondary levels of education, leaving them literacy bankrupt and unskilled to fend for themselves and their children. These experiences motivated an all women Community Based Organization (CBO) to establish a Widows Training School to educate widows in vocational skills and basic literacy and numeracy. This paper examines research that was conducted with a sample of former graduates and attendees of the Widows Training School (WTS). The study is based on a qualitative educational research orientation, and the case study design. Multi-modal data were derived from Focused Group Interviews (FGIs) and Non Participant Observation (NPO) with a sample population of the widows. Data analysis engaged the qualitative process of transcription, categorization, and generation of codes that were merged into major themes, and presented in the as socio cultural status of the widows in the community; historical foundation, nature and curriculum implementation of the school; and the facets of sustainable learning outcome of the widows.
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Sneaking Out of the Big House? Perceptions of African American Mentees in a Graduate-Level Teacher Education Program on a White Campus - View, Jenice L.; Frederick, Rona (2011)
This article highlights the voices of in-service African American teachers who are matriculating in a graduate program by exploring their perceptions of mentorship. The authors explore the dual-identity and instructional challenges of these teachers of color in a predominately White professional development program that seeks to mentor students in a hands-on, intentional manner , particularly on matters of critical pedagogy. What are the teachers' expectations , desires and goals? In what ways might African American teacher educators and students conspire outside of the frames of traditional teacher education and teacher professional development programs on behalf of P-12 children of color? To what the extent do in-service teachers of color in the program expect or perceive particular mentoring from the faculty of color to help address the concerns of P-12 children of color in public schools? Data from 14 surveys and interviews with four teachers reveal the limits of mentoring for liberation.
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Minority stress and college persistence attitudes among African American, Asian American, and Latino students: Perception of university environment as a mediator. - Wei, Meifen; Ku, Tsun-Yao; Liao, Kelly Yu-Hsin (Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2011)
We examined whether perception of university environment mediated the association between minority status stress and college persistence attitudes after controlling for perceived general stress. Participants were 160 Asian American, African American, and Latino students who attended a predominantly White university. Results of a path model analysis showed that university environment was a significant mediator for the association between minority status stress and college persistence attitudes. Additionally, minority status stress was distinct from perceived general stress. Finally, the results from a multiple-group comparison indicated that the magnitude of the mediation effect was invariant across Asian American, African American, and Latino college students, thus supporting the generalizability of the mediation model.
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“Get to the bridge and I will help you to cross”: Merit, Personal Connections and Money in Access to Nigerian Higher Education - Willott, Chris (Africa Spectrum, 2011)
This article examines the methods students use to gain access to a university in Nigeria's elite federal sector. It explains the relationships between three “currencies” – merit, personal connections and money – that are utilised by students to achieve their goals. I argue that influences representing the official rules – merit – and those representing semi-official or unofficial processes – personal connections and money – intersect in ways that reveal the complexity of the relationship between state and society in contemporary Nigeria. This analysis reveals that in this case the hybrid interpretation of the neopatrimonial state, which views official and unofficial norms as existing in parallel and suffusing one another, has more analytical value than its counterpart, the wholesale state privatisation thesis.
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Incomplete laboratory request forms as a contributory factor to preanalytical errors in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Adegoke, OA; Idowu, A. S. K.; Jeje, O A (African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2011)
That most laboratory errors occur in the preanalytical phase has been demonstrated in the past. There is paucity of data on the contribution of incomplete request forms to preanalytical errors in Nigerian hospitals. We examined our laboratory request forms for the frequency of incomplete data. Request forms received at the laboratory in a three- month period were examined for some parameters. The completeness of information supplied by the requesting physician was analyzed. A total of 2115 request forms were examined. The only well documented parameter was the patient’s name. Time and date of specimen collection was recorded in 10.3 and 36.5% of forms respectively. Those who had their date of birth recorded were 86.4%. The working diagnosis was recorded in 93.2%. There was no information on medication on the entire patients. While the consultants’ in-charge was stated in 96.6% of cases, fully written diagnoses occur only in 92.2% of forms. As laboratory data plays a significant role in medical diagnosis, incorrect or incomplete data provided to the laboratory could significantly impact on the comments and successful outcome of treatment that patient receives. Key words: Request forms, result interpretation, preanalytical error.
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Investigation on speciation and pollution index of heavy metals in River Ala sediment, Akure, Nigeria - Aiyesanmi, Ademola Festus; Oguntuase, AA; Idowu, G A (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2011)
This study investigated the chemical speciation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb and their contamination/ pollution indices in the sediment of River Ala in Akure, Nigeria.Sediment samples taken along the course of the river were subjected to Sequential Extraction Technique and the heavy metals were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Varied distribution of metals among the chemical fractions was recorded, with contribution from both anthropogenic and geogenic sources to the total heavy metals concentration in the sediment.Pollution/contamination index evaluation showed that the sediment fall within the "very slight and "moderate contamination" range with respect to Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb and in the moderate pollution range with Cd.
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In-school marketing in South African primary schools: An exploratory study - Babatunde, Adeleke; McIntosh, Keith W. (South African journal of business management (Print), 2011)
In-school marketing is a global phenomenon that has recently become the focus of much debate and criticism. Concerns about the potentially negative impact marketing practices may have on school going children have been raised across the globe. In response a variety of policies have been developed in different countries to regulate the practice of in-school marketing. This paper explores commercial activities in South African primary schools through an empirical study of primary school principals. The study investigates the policies and procedures in place to guide the practice of marketing in schools and the views of principals on issues pertaining to in-school commercialism. The findings of this paper indicated an absence of formal policies to guide the practice of commercial activities in primary schools. Principals however supported the need for policies on in-school commercialism to protect children. They also expressed the view that commercial activities can only be tolerated when they offer added value to the school.
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Seismotectonic models, earthquake recurrence and maximum possible earthquake magnitudes for South Africa - Bejaichund, M. (2011)
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Pounding Millet During School Hours: Obstacles to Girls’ Formal Education in Niger - Hartmann‐Mahmud, Lori (The European Journal of Development Research, 2011)
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Immunization coverage of antenatal and immunization clinics attendees in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital - Kunle-Olowu, Adekunle; Kunle-Olowu, Onyi Euphemia; Emeka, Ugwu Moses (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to determine the coverage for immunization in the first year of life and maternal tetanus toxoid administration in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH), Bayelsa State; this will help in establishing ways of improving coverage. A total of 528 were surveyed retrospectively using the immunization register, 521 (98.7%) had BCG, 512(97.0%) had OPV0, 372 had (70.5%) had OPV1/DPT1/HEPBV1, 313 (59.3%) had OPV2/DPT2/HEPBV2, while only 251(47.5%) had OPV3/DPT3/HEPBV3. Only 94(17.8%) had measles /yellow fever vaccines.  However 14.3% of the surveyed children had the complete doses of vaccines.  For maternal tetanus toxoid administration, a total of 601 mothers were surveyed using the antenatal and immunization registers. Out of the 601 surveyed, 151(25.2%) and 82(13.6%) had TT1 and TT2 respectively while 368 (61.2%) had both TT1 and TT2 in that pregnancy. The low immunization coverage for children may be detrimental to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal, aimed at reducing child mortality by 2/3rd in 2015. However the immunization of mothers will contribute effectively to the elimination of neonatal tetanus. Key words: Immunisation, coverage, teaching, hospital.
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Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in Children under 5 years at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia - Mpabalwani, Chipandasabo Mwila (2011)
The clinical and epidemiological aspects of rotavirus diarrhoea was studied in hospitalized children under five years with acute gastroenteritis in Lusaka, Zambia for a period of one year. Two hundred and fifty six (24.1 %) of 1,064 children admitted to the study were shedding rotavirus. Rotavirus positive rate was higher in children less than one year (37.6 X) and also those less than six months. Rotavirus diarrhoea was seen throughout the year with higher rotavirus positive rate in the cool dry season. In rotavirus positive diarrhoea patients, more children nad dehydration (82.4 X) -than in rotavirus negative group (56.2 %) . In malnourished children rotavirus positive rate was 12.1 % (9 / 71) which was lower than in those with normal nutritional status (29.0 X, 162 / 558). Case fatality rate in the rotavirus positive group was 6.4 X and mortality cases were only seen in children less than 2 years. Enteric adenovirus contributed much less (3.63 X, 6 / 164) to the viral aetiology of acute gastroenteritis and no fatality was noted in this group. This study failed to yield any Small Round Viruses in hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis.
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Early childhood education: Its policy formulation and implementation in Nigerian educational system - Nakpodia, E. D. (African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2011)
This paper dealt with childhood education as a preparatory step for primary education, a starting point for the child’s general development and the foundation of Nigerian education system, using the mother tongue as a means of communication and as medium of instruction. The paper emphasized that if pre-primary education is to serve its purposes as stated in the National Policy of Education in Nigeria amongst others for making the children to have an effective smooth transition from the home to the school and prepare the child for the primary level of education, then it should be well supervised, staffed, equipped, financed and coordinated. To achieve this, this policy requires political will, determination, transparency, accountability and steadfastness and a close interface between policy formulation and implementation. Key words: Pre-primary education, policy formation, implementation, educational system, Nigeria.
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Integrative funding and effective implementation of Universal basic education programme in Central Senatorial District of Delta State, Nigeria - Nakpodia, E. D. (Journal of economics and international finance, 2011)
This paper was an empirical study on the integrative funding of universal basic education (UBE) and effective implementation in Central Senatorial District of Delta State, Nigeria. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey design. Three research questions were posed. The study involved a population of 733 Principals and 1103 Head teachers in the public primary schools and junior secondary schools in the State.  A sample size of 182 principals and 274 headmasters were used for the study. The validity of the instrument was based on face and content values. The reliability of the instrument was established through the use of test re-test method and the reliability co-efficient was 0.75. Mean and standard deviation were employed in the analysis of data.  The study revealed that government contributed adequate finance towards effective implementation of UBE programme. The study also showed that parent teachers association (P.T.A) contributed immensely to the UBE programme towards its effective implementation. Also, that Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) equally contributed greatly in the provision of instructional materials, sports and health equipment, furniture, classroom blocks to the programme.  Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should maintain the policy of making adequate budget for the funding of the UBE and a monitory supervisors be set up to see to the judicious expenditure of such funds. Similarly, that government should ensure that the contributed funds from the various agents are judiciously utilized. Government should also hold routine meetings with the various stakeholders. Key words: Integrative funding, implementation, universal basic education (UBE), Nigeria.
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Teacher and the student practice teaching programme in Nigerian educational system - Nakpodia, E. D. (International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2011)
The science of pedagogy involves many specific skills which prospective and serving teachers must understand, practice and habituate. The much talked about fall in the standard of education demands that a more positive attentive attention be given to the teacher education programme in our institutions of learning with a view to improving the professional preparation of teachers in the 21st century. It has, therefore, become imperative that educationists should evaluate and appraise various aspects of “teacher education programme” and suggest ways that will better teachers performance and bring about qualitative education. This paper appraises the student practice teaching as an important component of the “teacher education programme” and posits that if teacher education must meet the challenges of the  21st  century, certain changes must be effected in the area of the duration of the pre-service training generally; the student practice teaching in particular and the method of supervision/evolution. Key words: Teacher, student, practice teaching, Nigeria.
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Risk behaviours and early warning signals for ODL dropout students in Nigeria: Implications for counselling - Okopi, Fidel O. (International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences, 2011)
This research was to identify the risk behaviours and early warning signals for dropping out of students in Nigeria with particular reference to National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). The research design used for this study was a descriptive survey via causal comparative technique to describe the current status of risk behaviour and early warning signals among NOUN students. The sample of 1,440 registered students was stratified randomly selected from 18 study centres in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A self designed 15 items questionnaire was used for the study. Percentile and chi square statistics via SPSS version.16 were used for the analysis. Fifteen hypotheses (behaviours) were formulated and the students were asked to indicate which among the test items were applicable to them. Four of these risk behaviours and early warning signals for dropping out of open and distance learning (ODL) behaviours were identified among significant number of NOUN students. The researcher went further to find out whether the gender of the students has a significant influence on their risk behaviour or not. The finding indicated that gender has no significant influence on students of NOUN risk behaviour. In conclusion therefore, the researcher suggested possible counselling proactive and preventive intervention strategies on how support staff especially student counsellors can help such students overcome these obstacles. Key words: Risk, behaviour, warning, signals, dropping, out, open and distance learning, implications, counselling, attrition.
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The role of extension in agricultural adaptation to climate change in Enugu State, Nigeria - Ozor, Nicholas; Cynthia, Nnaji (Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2011)
The clear evidence that climate change is already a reality calls for actions not just to slow down the process or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases (mitigation) but also to assist those affected or threatened already to adjust in natural and human systems to a new or changing environment (adaptation). The paper examined the role of extension in agricultural adaptation to climate change in Enugu State. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 120 respondents. Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data from the study. Results show that the most significant effect of climate change in the area was intense weed growth (i= 4.52) while the most popular adaptive measure adopted by respondents was the use of resistant crop and animal varieties/species (95.43%). The study proposed that the key roles of extension in agricultural adaptation to climate change were in the re-training of extension staff to acquire new capacity in climate risk management (i= 3.93), setting up of emergency management units in extension agencies (i= 3.91), dissemination of innovations on best practices and building resilience capacities of vulnerable people in climate risk management (i= 3.90), and providing feedbacks to governments and interested agencies on climate change issues (i= 3.9). The paper recommends a change in the extension service agenda to accommodate the challenges currently posed by climate change by adopting new roles identified in the study and the need for increased research and innovation for sustainable adaptation to climate change. Key words: Role, extension, agricultural adaptation, climate change.
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Malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Ajayi, EO; Ize-Iyamu, IN (Nigerian Dental Journal, 2011)
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients in Benin City.Method: One hundred and thirty one patients, consisting of 71 females (54.2%) and 60 males (45.8%) aged 5 - 44 years (mean 17.9 ± 7.5 years) who presented for orthodontic treatment at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Dental Centre were assessed for sagittal molar occlusion, overjet, overbite, crossbite, open bite, crowding, spacing, median diastema, midline shift, malformed and supernumerary teeth, displaced, unerupted and impacted teeth. Statistical gender differences in the occlusal traits were evaluated with the chi-square test. Result: The results revealed high prevalence of Angle's class I malocclusion (71.8%), while 9.9% of the subjects had Angle's Class II division 1, 7.6% had Angle's Class II division 2 and 10.7% had Angle's class III malocclusion. An increased overjet greater than 3.5mm was observed in 43% while increased overbite was observed in 25.2%. Anterior open bite was seen in 8.4% while 21.4% and 12.2% had anterior and posterior crossbites respectively. Midline shift was present in 29.8%, crowding of both upper and lower anterior segments was observed in 47.3%, spacing in the upper and lower anterior segments was present in 22.1%, and midline diastema was observed in 21.4%. No statistically significant gender differences were observed for any of the occlusal variables evaluated (P>0.05).Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of class I malocclusion, increased overjet and crowding among the orthodontic patients seen in Benin City, Nigeria.Key words: Malocclusion, occlusal traits, orthodontic patients, Benin City, Nigerian
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High-dimensional pharmacogenetic prediction of a continuous trait using machine learning techniques with application to warfarin dose prediction in African Americans - Coşgun, Erdal; Limdi, Nita A.; Duarte, Christine W. (Bioinformatics (Oxford. Print), 2011)
With complex traits and diseases having potential genetic contributions of thousands of genetic factors, and with current genotyping arrays consisting of millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), powerful high-dimensional statistical techniques are needed to comprehensively model the genetic variance. Machine learning techniques have many advantages including lack of parametric assumptions, and high power and flexibility.We have applied three machine learning approaches: Random Forest Regression (RFR), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) to the prediction of warfarin maintenance dose in a cohort of African Americans. We have developed a multi-step approach that selects SNPs, builds prediction models with different subsets of selected SNPs along with known associated genetic and environmental variables and tests the discovered models in a cross-validation framework. Preliminary results indicate that our modeling approach gives much higher accuracy than previous models for warfarin dose prediction. A model size of 200 SNPs (in addition to the known genetic and environmental variables) gives the best accuracy. The R(2) between the predicted and actual square root of warfarin dose in this model was on average 66.4% for RFR, 57.8% for SVR and 56.9% for BRT. Thus RFR had the best accuracy, but all three techniques achieved better performance than the current published R(2) of 43% in a sample of mixed ethnicity, and 27% in an African American sample. In summary, machine learning approaches for high-dimensional pharmacogenetic prediction, and for prediction of clinical continuous traits of interest, hold great promise and warrant further research.
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern of Presentation of Oral Health Conditions among Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria - Eigbobo, Joycelyn Odegua; Onyeaso, Chukwudi Ochi; Okolo, Nkiruka Ifeanyinwa (Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic, 2011)
Resumen en: Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of oral health conditi ons that presented at the Child Dental Health Clinic. Methods: A 30-month retrospecti ve study...
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Pattern of Presentation of Oral Health Conditions among Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria - Eigbobo, Joycelyn Odegua; Onyeaso, Chukwudi Ochi; Okolo, Nkiruka Ifeanyinwa (Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic, 2011)
Resumen en: Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of oral health conditi ons that presented at the Child Dental Health Clinic. Methods: A 30-month retrospecti ve study...
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern of Presentation of Oral Health Conditions among Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria - Eigbobo, Joycelyn Odegua; Onyeaso, Chukwudi Ochi; Okolo, Nkiruka Ifeanyinwa (Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic, 2011)
Resumen en: Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of oral health conditi ons that presented at the Child Dental Health Clinic. Methods: A 30-month retrospecti ve study...
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Evidence of a Miocene volcano-sedimentary lithostratigraphic sequence at Ngwa (Dschang Region, West Cameroon): Preliminary analyses and geodynamic interpretation - Kenfack, P. L.; Tixier, Paul; Kwekam, M.; Ngueutchoua, G.; Njike, P. R. (Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels, 2011)
The Ngwa sedimentary sequence is situated on the southern flank of the Bambouto volcano. Analysis of petrography, lithostratigraphy, mineralogy, morphology and morphometry enabled the reconstruction and interpretation of their stratigraphic architecture, depositional and paleogeographic setting, the origin of the sediments and the geological history of this region. The lithostratigraphic sequence of the Ngwa sedimentary deposits reveals two major phases of sedimentation: (i) Conglomerates with pelitic sandstone matrix, pelitic sandstone and carbonaceous clayey shale with lignite intercalations; and (ii) conglomerates and arkosic sandstones. Pebbles from the Ngwa conglomerates are sub-rounded to spherical. The grain size distribution of the sandstones indicates a high amount of very fine clay particles. The sediments of Ngwa are well sorted. The homometrical character of sandstones is related to their fluvial origin. The presence of sillimanite and kyanite testifies to the metamorphic provenance of a part of the Ngwa sediments while the basaltic pebbles indicate the volcanic origin of the other part. During the Miocene, Ngwa area experienced detrital sedimentation with alternation of volcanic phases related to volcanic activity at Mount Bambouto. Key words: Ngwa, Cameroon, lithofacies, detrital sedimentation, Miocene.
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The Perceived Discrepancy between the Teaching of Christian Religious Education and Inculcation of Moral Values amongst Secondary Schools Students in Kisumu East District, Kenya. - Kowino, O. J.; Agak, John; Ongunya, Raphael Odhiambo (Educational Research Review, 2011)
Previous research and document evidence obtainable in popular media has consistently reported that Kenyan students’ moral standing and general conduct in the wider society does not reflect acquisition and practice of values learnt through the teaching or Christian Religious Education (CRE) at the form four level. This has caused complaints among those stakeholders in education who are concerned that the moral well being of the youth is on a downward trend. This suggests that either the teaching of CRE is defective or the Kenyan education system as a whole does not contain relevant elements that could enable students acquire relevant moral skills. Another possibility could be the existence of a discrepancy between the CRE program objectives and the instructional practices meant to achieve them. From the literature that was reviewed, it was evident that the nature of this discrepancy had not yet been established for effective intervention strategies to be put in place. The purpose of this study was to determine possible reasons for the assumed discrepancy between the stated objectives of teaching CRE in Kenyan secondary schools and current moral standings that does not reflect acquisition of moral skills. Specifically, the study determined whether the methods of instruction employed by the teachers of C.R.E in Kisumu East district secondary schools enabled learners to identify and acquire morals in societal context. Four instruments used in collecting data included: A graphic observation rating scale, a learner’s test, an in-depth interview schedule and documents analysis guides. The study population comprised 3225 students and 48 teachers. Out of the population, 16 teachers and the 343 learners were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The obtained results suggested that teachers rarely used the valuing methods in inculcating moral skills in their students. Another notable finding was that while the CRE syllabus contained relevant elements that could assist students acquire moral skills, it was the implementation of the skills through the teaching methods adopted that was likely responsible for limited valuing skill acquisition. Key words: Objectives, valuing methods and learner identification, acquisition of moral values.
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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils along major roadside areas in Botswana - Mmolawa, K. B.; Likuku, Alfred Sello; Gaboutloeloe, Gilbert Kabelo (2011)
Assessment of heavy metal pollutants: Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn was conducted along major roadside soils of Botswana, lying between latitudes 18°S to 27°S and longitudes 20°E to 29°E using enrichment factor ratios (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) methods. The studied sites were demarcated into five zones referred to as FN (Francistown-Nata), NM (Nata-Maun), MG (Maun-Ghanzi), GK (Ghanzi-Kang) and TS (Tshabong-Sekoma). All the four pollution assessment methods revealed that zones FN, NM and MG are pollution impacted as compared to GK and TS zones. Results of multivariate analysis suggest mixed origins of pollution sources including human activities, vehicular emissions and lithogenic occurrences. Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Co is of mixed origins of pollutants, with Fe and Mn being predominantly lithogenic, and vehicular emissions characterised by Pb and Ni. The findings in this study will serve to create awareness of vehicular heavy metal pollution to Botswana policy makers in the mitigation of vehicular pollution, as it is barely monitored. Key words: Heavy metal contamination, roadside soils, enrichment factors, contamination factor, pollution load index, geoaccumulation index, cluster analysis, factor analysis.
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The Development of Ecopreneurship Education in South African Universities Curriculum - Ndedi, Alain (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The recent United Nations conference on climate change did not bring substantial and binding resolutions and measures. However, participants, specially the civil society and Non for Profit Organisations, to this gathering all agreed on the imperative to educate their respective citizens on ways and means to protect the environment. Tertiary institutions worldwide have a mandate to groom future generations of individuals by inculcating them good practices, among other things, on effective and efficient ways to protect the environment. The challenge is current Universities curriculums don’t have courses on Ecopreneurship or green entrepreneurship. Universities, if they want to join the international community in the protection of the environment, must incorporate courses that provide a platform to their students to be ready to embark on entrepreneurial initiatives that are environmentally friendly, ecopreneurship.Ecopreneurship or green entrepreneurship is the move by entrepreneurs to a sustainable business framework that is environmentally friendly by looking not only to make profit, but driven by their concern to make a world a better place. The ecopreneur is driven by the desire to protect the environment while achieving his entrepreneurial vision. The current contribution explores how this move, the one of developing a curriculum that includes courses on green entrepreneurship could be achieved in the development of new minds driven not only by profit, by also by the desire to make our environment a better place to live.
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Burkina Faso - Post-Primary Education : P098956 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 10 - Ouédraogo, Adama (2011)
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Congo, Democratic Republic of - Education Sector Project : P086294 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 08 - Radji, Rachidi B. (2011)
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Socio-demographic determinants and impact on academic performance of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school children in Benin City, Nigeria. - Amuabunos, AE; Ofovwe, GE; Ibadin, OM (Sahel Medical Journal, 2011)
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects children worldwide. In Nigeria, there is paucity of information on the socio-demographic associates of this important childhood condition.Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted between February and August 2006 among 1473 public primary school pupils aged 6 to 12 years, selected randomly among pupils drawn from Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The subjects were screened using Disruptive Behaviour Disorder (DBD) Rating Scale to identify children with ADHD symptoms. Identified subjects were further evaluated with questionnaires to ensure that they met the other explicit non-symptom criteria contained in the DSM-IV manual, such as functional impairments. Children who were confirmed to have ADHD were compared with randomly selectedcontrols to determine the association, if any, between the prevalence of the condition and some sociodemographic characteristics.Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 7.6%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ADHD amongst the different age cohorts. No significant association was found between the prevalence of ADHD and socioeconomic background, size of family, age of parents andcharacteristics of the child’s primary caregiver. The children with ADHD had significantly lower school aggregate than that of selected control (Mean aggregate score of 51.7+16.1% versus 63.7+ 16.5%,p
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Mauritania - EFA/FTI: Education Sector Development Program : P109078 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 06 - Diallo, Cherif (2011)
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Mauritania - Higher education Project : P087180 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 16 - Diallo, Cherif (2011)
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Teaching About Heterosexism: Challenging Homophobia in South Africa - Francis, Dennis; Msibi, Thabo (Journal of Lgbt Youth, 2011)
This article, a critical review of a module on heterosexism and homophobia, sets out the challenges to be overcome if the oppressive conditions for lesbian, gay, and bisexual students and teachers in South Africa are to be changed. It draws on evidence from student assignments, records of participatory discussions and the notes of the authors, who taught the module. The authors argue that the participatory methods used in this course are essential if teachers are to become agents of change. However, these methods need to be linked to a clear and coherent theoretical foundation that enables students to draw links between different forms of oppression.
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Variability for Drought Tolerance in finger millet[eleusine coracana(L.)]accessions from Zambia - Neshamba, Mubaiwa Saul (2011)
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Burkina Faso - Basic Education Sector Project : P000309 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 21 - Ouédraogo, Adama (2011)
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Climate Change Impact of Biochar Cook Stoves in Western Kenyan Farm Households: System Dynamics Model Analysis - Whitman, Thea; Nicholson, Charles F.; Torres, Dorisel; Lehmann, Johannes (Environmental Science & Technology, 2011)
Cook stoves that produce biochar as well as heat for cooking could help mitigate indoor air pollution from cooking fires and could enhance local soils, while their potential reductions in carbon (C) emissions and increases in soil C sequestration could offer access to C market financing. We use system dynamics modeling to (i) investigate the climate change impact of prototype and refined biochar-producing pyrolytic cook stoves and improved combustion cook stoves in comparison to conventional cook stoves; (ii) assess the relative sensitivity of the stoves' climate change impacts to key parameters; and (iii) quantify the effects of different climate change impact accounting decisions. Simulated reductions in mean greenhouse gas (GHG) impact from a traditional, 3-stone cook stove baseline are 3.50 tCO(2)e/household/year for the improved combustion stove and 3.69-4.33 tCO(2)e/household/year for the pyrolytic stoves, of which biochar directly accounts for 26-42%. The magnitude of these reductions is about 2-5 times more sensitive to baseline wood fuel use and the fraction of nonrenewable biomass (fNRB) of off-farm wood that is used as fuel than to soil fertility improvement or stability of biochar. Improved cookstoves with higher wood demand are less sensitive to changes in baseline fuel use and rely on biochar for a greater proportion of their reductions.
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Measurement of Attitudes Toward Bisexual Men and Women Among South African University Students: The Validation of an Instrument - Arndt, Marlene; Bruin, Karina de (Journal of Homosexuality, 2011)
Research was conducted investigating university students' prejudicial attitudes toward bisexual men and women in South Africa. The combined male and female Attitudes Regarding Bisexuality Scale (ARBS) showed unacceptable internal consistency reliabilities, especially for the Black-African participants. An expert focus group was convened in order to elaborate on and clarify the low reliability coefficients. The ARBS was then adapted for the South African population and resulted in two separate instruments designed to measure attitudes regarding bisexual men and bisexual women separately. Five hundred eighty seven university students completed these scales. The results indicated that the attitudes of heterosexual, homosexual, and asexual students toward bisexual men and women are more negative than the attitudes of bisexual students.
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Education and Migration Choices in Hierarchical Societies: The Case of Matam, Senegal - Auriol, Emmanuelle; Demonsant, Jean-Luc (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
The paper aims at studying determinants of schooling in traditional hierarchical societies confronted with an established history of outmigration. In the village, a ruling caste controls local political and religious institutions. For children who do not belong to the ruling caste, migration is a social mobility factor that is enhanced by formal schooling. Since formally educated children tend not to return, the ruling caste seeks to develop family loyalty by choosing religious education instead. The theory hence predicts that the social status of the family has a significant impact on educational choice. Children from the ruling caste who are sent abroad have a lower probability of being sent to formal school. They are more likely to be sent to Koranic schools that emphasize religious and family values. The theoretical predictions are tested on data from Matam region in Senegal, a region where roughly one of every two children have ever attended school.
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Adoption and use of E-learning at Tertiary Level in South Africa: A Qualitative Analysis - Chigona, Agnes; Dagada, Rabelani (Global Learn, 2011)
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Domestication of E-Learning in Higher Learning Institutions in South Africa - Dagada, Rabelani (Global Learn, 2011)
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A Critical Pedagogy Approach to Online Education: What we Learned from a U.S./South African Course - Devers, Christopher (Global Learn, 2011)
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The Pigovian Tax, Market for Pollution Rights and Environmental Pollution Control in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria - Okoye, Emmanuel Ikechukwu; Akenbor, Cletus (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
This study investigated the most efficient and successful approach (i.e. the pigovian tax or market for pollution rights) in Niger-Delta environmental pollution control. To achieve this objective, research questions were raised, hypotheses were formulated and a review of extent literature was made. Staff of the Rivers and Bayelsa states environmental protection agencies formed the population for this study. In order to gather the necessary information for this study, a well structured questionnaire was administered on sixty-eight (68) respondents from both states. The data generated from this study were analyzed using the mean scores while the stated hypotheses were statistically tested with the t-test. Our findings indicated that the Pigovian tax and a market for pollution rights are quite useful measures of controlling environmental pollution in the Niger-delta Region but the pollution rights market is more efficient. Based on our findings, we recommended the creation of a market for pollution rights as the appropriate measure of environmental pollution control in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria.
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Emotional distress, physical illness and functional impairment in community dwelling older adults in South Eastern Nigeria-a report from the 1066 group - Uwakwe, Richard; Modebe, I; Njelita, Ifeoma Anne; Ezeama, Nkiru Nwamaka (International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011)
International Journal of Geriatric PsychiatryVolume 26, Issue 5 p. 545-546 Letter to the Editor Emotional distress, physical illness and functional impairment in community dwelling older adults in South Eastern Nigeria—a report from the 1066 group Richard Uwakwe, Richard Uwakwe The Unit of Psychiatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorIfeoma Modebe, Ifeoma Modebe The Unit of Psychiatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorIfeoma Anne Njelita, Ifeoma Anne Njelita Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorNkiru Nwamaka Ezeama, Nkiru Nwamaka Ezeama Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author Richard Uwakwe, Richard Uwakwe The Unit of Psychiatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorIfeoma Modebe, Ifeoma Modebe The Unit of Psychiatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorIfeoma Anne Njelita, Ifeoma Anne Njelita Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorNkiru Nwamaka Ezeama, Nkiru Nwamaka Ezeama Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 March 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2528Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Goldberg DP, Gater R, Sartorius N, Ustun TB, Piccinelli M, Gureje O, Rutter C. 1997. The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychol Med 27: 191–197. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskwitz RW. 1963. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of Activities of Daily Living:A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 184: 914–919. Uwakwe R, Ibeh CC, Modebe AI, Emeka BO, Ezeama N, Njelita I, Ferris C, Prince M. 2009. The epidemiology of dependence in older people in Nigeria: prevelance, determinants, informal care and health service utilization. A 1066 Dementia Research Group Cross Sectional Survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 57: 1620–1627. Citing Literature Volume26, Issue5May 2011Pages 545-546 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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Togo - TG- Education For All-Fast Track Initiative Program : P116384 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 - Brossard, Mathieu (2011)
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Etiology and current clinical characteristics of male urethral stricture disease: experience from a public teaching hospital in Senegal - Fall, B.; Sow, Yaya; Mansouri, Ismael; Sarr, Alioune; Thiam, Amath; Diao, Bo; Fall, Papa Ahmed; Ndoye, Alain Khassim; Bâ, M.; Diagne, B.A. (International Urology and Nephrology, 2011)
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