CHAPTER VIII. THE SYRIAN AT SCHOOL (2006)
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Short Communication- Carrier rate of enteric bacteria associated with diarrhoea in children and pupils in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. - Adegunloye, D. V. (2006)
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Lexical Errors in the English of Technical College Students in Osun State of Nigeria - Akande, Akinmade T.; Adedeji, E.O.; Okanlawon, Bidemi (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2006)
This paper investigated the lexical errors in the English of some Technical College students in Osun State. The subjects who participated in this study were 225 final year Technical College students drawn, on equal basis in terms of number, from three Technical Colleges in the state. A 20-item fill-in Multiple Choice test and an essay writing exercise were administered on them. The study found out that Technical College students did not have a high competence in the use of words related to their different areas of specialization as they normally made mistakes resulting from overgeneralization of rules, wrong analogy and wrong spelling. The study suggested that English teachers in Nigerian Technical Colleges should always tailor their teaching of English to reflect the lexical needs of their students.
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Chapter 8. A Typology of the East-Syrian Schools - Becker, Adam H. (2006)
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Chapter 9. The Monastic Context of the East-Syrian School Movement - Becker, Adam H. (2006)
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Improving Recruitment of surgical trainees and Training of Surgeons in Uganda - Galukande, Moses; Luboga, Samuel; Kijjambu, Stephen (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2006)
Background: The surgical work output in Uganda is qualitatively and quantitatively inadequate. The number of surgeons is estimated at 100 for a population of over 26 million Ugandans. This paper reports on how to improve recruitment of surgical trainees and training of surgeons in Uganda, focusing on perceptions of potential trainees, trainers, and medical administrators. Methods: This was cross sectional, descriptive study sampled at least 50% of each of the relevant category of interviewees. Self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to collect data, which was analyzed manually using a master sheet. It was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. Results: Paediatrics and Public Health were rated as the disciplines of choice for postgraduate training in Uganda. The reasons why potential trainees would shy away from specialized surgical training were excessive workload, risk of catching HIV/AIDS, low financial returns and a poor learning environment. The major bottlenecks in surgical training, which were cited, included inadequate number of scholarships, inadequate supervision by trainers, inadequate facilities and poor work conditions for trainers. Conclusion: The remedies to this complex problem revolve round providing more resources, (human, materials, money), improving supervision by the trainers, advocacy for an evidence based curriculum content and availing more funding into the Medical Education sector to improve Human Resource for Health development.
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The 'died-again Christian' syndrome : its etiology as manifested among fundamentalist students of the Old Testament in South Africa - Gericke, Jaco (Dutch Reformed Theological Journal = Nederduitse Gereformeerde Teologiese Tydskrif, 2006)
Many Old Testament students (and subsequent scholars) come to the subject as eager fundamentalist Christians hoping to one day join the ministry. It is therefore not surprising that an exposure to the findings of biblical criticism and its exposure of the all-too-human, pre-Christian and alien nature of the Hebrew Bible has not infrequently contributes to a crisis of belief and, not uncommonly, a complete loss of faith (be it temporary or permanent). The cognitive dissonance involved in the rethinking of one’s childhood faith, the disorientation of having one’s consciousness transformed and the doubting engendered by insights that contradict the dogmas of one’s own Church traditions can be experienced as a shattering of reality – an inversion of the process of being born-again. This paper aims take a closer look at the etiology of the ‘died-again Christian syndrome’ as it is manifested among Old Testament students in the contemporary South African context.
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Medical certification of death and indications for medico-legal autopsies: The need for inclusion in continue medical education in Nigeria - Izegbu; Agboola; Shittu; Akiode (Scientific Research and Essays, 2006)
A study of medical doctor’s attitude to filling of the death certificate was carried out by administrating questionnaire to medical doctors at a national conference which was attended by 300 doctors. Out of this, 114 of them responded with 111 being males and 3 females. Results show that 50% of the respondents had practiced for 6 - 15 years and 71% of them never had training in filling of the death certificate. 55% of the doctors were exposed to death certificate at the post-graduate level. The registrars (resident doctors) filled death certificate in 44.71% of cases. Only 2.63% of the doctors were able to list more than 7 reasons for medico-legal post mortem examination while 29% of them were correct in knowing the cause of death of the clinical case provided. This study has strongly supported the need to include formal training on death certificate completion and indications for medico-legal autopsies as part of continue Medical Education in Nigeria. Key words: Death certification, continue medical education, coroners (medico-legal autopsies), Medical doctors, Nigeria.
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Impact of Part-Time Private Practice on Medical Education in Kenya – A Personal Opinion - Kuremu, Tenge (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2006)
Traditional medical schools the world over are facing major challenges in educating physicians capable of responding to the continuously increasing health care needs of populations they serve 1 . The Kenyan situation is no different and the challenges are bigger considering the rampant poverty and the decline in what had been achieved in the health sector. In this country, effective healthcare, both promotive and curative, lies in the cooperation between a well-managed district hospital and health centers 2 . The district hospital, as the leader, plays a central role in promoting healthcare delivery. The failure of a district hospital will therefore lead to an unacceptable lowering of health standards and the collapse of preventive programs.
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Chapter 10. The Long Road to Multilingual Schools in Botswana - Nyati-Ramahobo, Lydia (2006)
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School knowledge and its relevance to everyday life in rural Western Kenya - Onyango-Ouma, Washington (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2006)
This article examines the relevance of school knowledge in the context of everyday life using ethnographic data collected among primary schoolchildren and adults in rural western Kenya. Using the concept of the educated person as an analytical construct, it is shown how children in rural western Kenya aspire to become educated and to acquire school knowledge to increase their chances of success in everyday life. Adults acknowledge the importance of school knowledge in everyday life and take pride in their children attending school. School knowledge is believed to transform and change children and the status of the educated person draws its importance from the relevance of education in everyday life. The extent to which school knowledge is relevant or not, including the relevant aspects are discussed. It is concluded that education programmes should strive to meet both cognitive and immediate functional needs of the learners in everyday life.
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6 “It Takes Some Time to Learn the Right Words”: The Vietnam War in African American Novels - Raphael-Hernandez, Heike (2006)
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Current management for word finding difficulties by speech-language therapists in South African remedial schools - Rauville, Ingrid de; Chetty, Sandhya; Pahl, Jenny (The South African journal of communication disorders. Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings, 2006)
Word finding difficulties frequently found in learners with language learning difficulties (Casby, 1992) are an integral part of Speech-Language Therapists’ management role when working with learning disabled children. This study investigated current management for word finding difficulties by 70 Speech-Language Therapists in South African remedial schools. A descriptive survey design using a quantitative and qualitative approach was used. A questionnaire and follow-up focus group discussion were used to collect data. Results highlighted the use of the Renfrew Word Finding Scale (Renfrew, 1972, 1995) as the most frequently used formal assessment tool. Language sample analysis and discourse analysis were the most frequently used informal assessment procedures. Formal intervention programmes were generally not used. Phonetic, phonemic or phonological cueing were the most frequently used therapeutic strategies. The authors note strengths and raise concerns about current management for word finding difficulties in South African remedial schools, particularly in terms of bilingualism. Opportunities are highlighted regarding the development of assessment and intervention measures relevant to the diverse learning disabled population in South Africa.
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CHAPTER THREE. African American Fraternals as Schools for Democracy - Skocpol, Theda; Liazos, Ariane; Ganz, Marshall (2006)
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Towards Effective Online Learning Implementation in Tanzanian Higher Learning Institutions: Obstacles, Challenges and Opportunities - Victor, M.A.M.; Lufungulo, P.S. M. (Tanzania Journal of Engeering and Technology (Online), 2006)
This paper identifies and discusses several influential factors as well as opportunities, associated with effective online learning implementation in Tanzanian Higher Learning Institutions (THLIs). Fourteen (14) THLIs were surveyed, using face-to-face interviews in focus groups. The groups included Lecturers, Heads of ICT Departments, ICT Technical Personnel as well as Administrative Staff. Results indicate that mostly, problems with effective online implementation in THLIs are centred on a severe scarcity of online resources and tools and that the main challenges lie in going beyond the process of integrating technology with their teaching curricular, so that training of both teaching and supporting staffs also poses a big challenge in the process. In addition, opportunities for e-learning are totally unexplored because of the low pace of THLIs' online learning practices. In this respect, THLIs are required to devise and implement clear and well-defined e-learning strategies before they can move a step further.
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The West African Students’ Union: An African Pressure Group in Britain (1920s-1950s - Mostefaoui, Aziz (مجلة الحقيقة, 2006)
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Simulating the response of a closed‐basin lake to recent climate changes in tropical West Africa (Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana) - Shanahan, T. M.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Sharp, W. E.; Scholz, Christopher A.; Arko, Justice A. (Hydrological Processes, 2006)
Abstract Historical changes in the level of Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana, have been simulated using a catchment‐scale hydrological model in order to assess the importance of changes in climate and land use on lake water balance on a monthly basis for the period 1939–2004. Several commonly used models for computing evaporation in data‐sparse regions are compared, including the Penman, the energy budget, and the Priestley–Taylor methods. Based on a comparison with recorded lake level variations, the model with the energy‐budget evaporation model subcomponent is most effective at reproducing observed lake level variations using regional climate records. A sensitivity analysis using this model indicates that Lake Bosumtwi is highly sensitive to changes in precipitation, cloudiness and temperature. However, the model is also sensitive to changes in runoff related to vegetation, and this factor needs to be considered in simulating lake level variations. Both interannual and longer‐term changes in lake level over the last 65 years appear to have been caused primarily by changes in precipitation, though the model also suggests that the drop in lake level over the last few decades has been moderated by changes in cloudiness and temperature over that time. Based on its effectiveness at simulating the magnitude and rate of lake level response to changing climate over the historical record, this model offers a potential future opportunity to examine the palaeoclimatic factors causing past lake level fluctuations preserved in the geological record at Lake Bosumtwi. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Higher Education in Africa. Crises, Reforms and Transformation - Assié-Lumumba, N’Drı Thérèse (2006)
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Non-formal adult educators and technologies used in rural Ghana community education programmes - Essuman, S. (Adult Education and Development, 2006)
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Value-Based Education for Human Development - Eritrean Perspective - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2006)
Education is important in any country since it promotes the knowledge, skills, habits, and values. The learning does not solely come from the teacher. Hence the educator for the child is both the teacher and his peer group. The societal values have been diminishing over the past few decades. Therefore, it is necessary develop the holistic citizenship education. The problem of value education of the young African nation Eritrea is gaining prominence in educational discussions during the recent times. Hence, Eritrea emphasizes values in education and attempted to incorporate its National Curriculum Framework for School Education-2003. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss the Eritrean societal values in fighting for their freedom and it provides some conclusions and implications to develop the value education in Eritrea.
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Education and Human Resource Development in Post-Independent Eritrea - An Explanatory Note - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2006)
Education is a lifelong process. Twentieth century has witnessed the miracles of Human Resource Development (HRD) activities reflected through increase in GNP and overall productive activities. The Government of Eritrea offering both formal and informal training programmes at different levels in order to develop the human resources. This prosperity in education is obviously a great thing for Eritrea, and the dream to make Eritrea a technological-oriented and advanced nation would become real, because the cumulative effort done so far in the human development is noteworthy. As Human Resource Development Programmes concentrate much on the category of major raw human resource to be processed into the work force and its role in reconstructing the economy. An attempt is made in this paper to analyse the educational and human resource development after independence. This paper also provides detailed account of technical and vocation education with special reference to skill development programme.
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Assessment of the Provision of Educational Services under the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Scheme in Southern Nigeria - Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, Sam E.O. (Education 3-13, 2006)
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, (UNESCO.2002: A) asserted interalia, that access to quality education was a fundamental human right. This assertion was embraced by the world community, and further elaborated in several subsequent instruments emanating from world conferences such as the Jomtien World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA), the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development of 1994, and the Copenhagen World Summit for Social Development. The Jomtien World Conference on Education for All (EFA) foresaw the need for comprehensive policy reviews at the turn of the 1990s for the purpose of enabling all nations to assess and re-assess their efforts for reaching their own Education-for-All (EFA) objectives and revise their plans accordingly. The most in-depth evaluation of basic education ever undertaken was the EFA 2000 Assessment which facilitates such reviews. The assessment underlined significant gains since the Jomtien World Conference on EFA in the provision of basic education in many countries. The 2000 EFA Assessments recognized significant efforts made by governments, international organizations, Non-governmental Organizations and Civil Society. However, in spite of the effort made, the achievements and development in several areas, especially the education of girls and women, presented unsatisfactory results. There is no doubt that the devastating effects of economic globalization and the social, political, and economic impact coupled with the disparities they are creating around the world represent key challenges for educational endeavors, especially in developing countries. It must be recognized that a broader vision of basic education needs to be promoted in order to enhance or boost human development and socio-economic progress. Article 2 of the Jomtien Declaration holds that what is needed in basic education is an 'expanded vision' that surpasses present resource levels, institutional structures, curricular and conventional delivery systems, while building on the best in current practices (UNESCO 20002:b). The expanded vision of basic education involves several concerns such as the contemporary emergence of knowledge society organized around the creation and management of knowledge, information and ideas. It also involves the education of people of all ages from early childhood to adulthood with lifelong learning as an essential component of basic education. As the needs for basic education and lifelong grew, the current democratic government in Nigeria took the bull by the horn by introducing the Universal Basic Education Programme (UBE) in September 1999 in the country in an attempt to enhance access to education especially among children irrespective of their socioeconomic status and geographical background. The introduction of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) in Nigeria represents a milestone in the enhancement of individual's right to formal education, especially to the disadvantaged groups which are identified as the children of nomadic pastorals, migrant fisher folks, migrant farmers and hunters, who due to their lifestyle are unable to have access to the conventional educational provision (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004). The declaration of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) was, therefore, in response to advocacies of the Jomtien World Conference on Education and also a national action plan for achieving the globally agreed EFA goals. Analyzing education from human rights angle tend to give UBE a sound ground. Education is a pre-condition for the emancipation of the individuals from ignorance, poverty and human slavery and for economic empowerment. Lynch (1997) posits that the fundamentals basis for education is the fact that it is a right in itself. Lynch (1997) and Fagerlind and Saha (1989) see education as an instrument for changing traditional attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are inimical to human and rational development. …
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Clusters of eclampsia in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Ekele, Bissallah; Bello, Shaibu Oricha; Adamu, Aliyu (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2006)
To describe the pattern of eclampsia between 1995 and 2004 at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria.A retrospective cohort of all deliveries and eclamptics seen from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2004. Clusters of eclampsia were identified using purely temporal scan statistics.Of 15,318 deliveries during the period, 657(4.29%) had eclampsia. The yearly incidence of eclampsia at the beginning of the study period (1995) was 0.39% but this had increased to 7.0% in 2004 at a background exponential rate best described by quadratic curve fitting prediction model and a forecast curve that predicts an incidence of eclampsia of at least 32.4% of total deliveries by 2009. Temporal clusters occurred in 1996, 2001 and 2003-2004.The incidence of eclampsia is unusually high and is increasing. It has shown 3 clusters in the last 10 years.
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Not Just Pushing and Shoving: School Bullying Among African American Adolescents - Fitzpatrick, Kevin M.; Dulin, Akilah; Pikó, Bettina (Journal of School Health, 2006)
ABSTRACT Background: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of bullying among a sample of African American adolescents and the risk factors associated with odds that a student engages in bullying behavior. Methods: Using a self‐report school‐based survey, 1542 African American adolescents from a single school district (grades 5‐12) living in a midsized, Southern metropolitan region, were asked questions regarding bullying behavior and risk behaviors. A response rate of nearly 80% was obtained. Results: Our results indicate that bullying behavior was higher among this group of African American adolescents than reported for other general student populations (8‐12%). In addition, age, family violence, negative peer relationships, and behavioral risks all contributed to increased odds of students reporting bullying behavior. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of intervention at an early age. Whether the intervention is in a formal or nonformal setting, specialists along with teachers, parents, and siblings need to begin a multipronged approach (data collection, training/education of school personnel, curriculum development, etc) to address the causes and consequences of bullying among adolescents.
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The African American Student Center and Black Student Retention at a Pacific Northwest PWI - Jones, Johnny D.; Williams, Michelle (2006)
Fall 2004 Introduction the 1960's when colleges and universities opened their doors to African Americans and other minorities, the range of services available to assist these on predominantly white campuses grew to include programs emanating from departments known as Multicultural Student Services, Multicultural Center Offices (African American Student Center, Native American Students Center, Chicano/Latino Student Center), and various types of cultural centers. In the realm of higher education the role that these offices play in the retention of of is important. As colleges and universities grapple with issues of and student retention in an environment of fiscal challenges, the effectiveness of special programs developed for minorities has become an important area of interest to educators, administrators and the general public. This paper examines the evolutionary role of the African American Student Center at a Northwest university. It highlights the role that an African American Student Center program can play in retaining of on college campuses. The specific objectives of this evaluative study are; 1) to provide university personnel in general with empirical information related to retention and in higher education, and (2) to identify some of the success factors that may be critical to the operation of African American Student Center programs for student retention. History The term is one that engenders controversy and confusion. Multiculturalism is defined in many different ways by a variety of scholars in many different contexts. In terms of education, can encompass issues of class, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disabilities, religion, gender, and geography. However, in this study, the analysis of is limited specifically to the ethnic and racial identities of on college campuses and the programs that have been designed to meet their needs. Minority and students of color are used interchangeably throughout this paper to refer to who come from racial and ethnic groups comprised of people with darker skin complexions who have been categorized as such the United States census. According to Glazer (1991), multiculturalism in its present form derives basically from Black educators (p. 19). Glazer's assertion reflects the fact that African Americans have been, historically, the major focus and largest minority racial group in American higher education. According to Stewart et al. (1997) in 1990, 7.5 percent of African Americans held a bachelor's degree compared to 6.1 percent of Native Americans and 5.9 percent of Hispanics. When Harvard University was founded in 1636, only White males were allowed to attend; thus, for a very long time higher education was in a sense primarily the preserve of White Americans. According to Glazer (1991), racist educational philosophies and practices in the United States have separated people and promoted inequality by granting privileges and resources based on the of a person's skin. During the 1800s, this Euro-centric imperative in higher education manifested itself with the establishment of separate but unequal colleges for Black and Whites (Franklin, 1947, p. 141). Willie, Grady and Hope (1991) report that because of this segregationist approach to education, until 1950, only 10% of African American attended White campuses (pg. 10). By 1990 that population had increased to 79% (U.S. Department of Education Center for Education Statistics, 1994). According to the Digest of Education Statistics (2000), by the late twentieth century an estimated one million African American attended predominantly white institutions. This increase in the number of African Americans attending predominantly white colleges could be largely attributed to the Brown vs. …
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Measures of values among secondary schools sstudents in Cross river state, Nigeria - Joshua, Abraham M.; Joshua, MT (Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy, 2006)
Using the Public Secondary Schools in Cross River State as case study, the paper aims at determining measures of values among the present generation of young people. The major problem, therefore, addressed in this paper is the measures of values in terms of theoretical, economic, social and religious values among adolescents in Secondary Schools. Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 8(1) 2005: 127-129 Keywords: Keywords:
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HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Perceptions Among African American Male and Female College Students at a Historical Black University - Dsw, Ronald J. Mancosk; Rountree, Michele; Msw, Mary Elizabeth Donovan; Dsw, Ira Neighbors (Journal of Hiv/aids & Social Services, 2006)
Abstract With the incidence of HIV/AIDS infection continuing to increase among young, African Americanmen andwomen, it is necessary to examine the breadth of their knowledge on HIV prevention strategies. This study assesses the reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students attending a Southern urban commuter campus at a Historically Black University. Major differences among males and females, as well as factors influencing testing, issues of safer sex, and perceptions of being HIV infected are examined. The cross-sectional survey data was collected using a self-administered instrument with 238 African American female and male students. Knowledge of transmission was relatively accurate. The majority of students were aware of testing services available to them, though less than 50% of the students reported using services on campus or in their community. There were several significant genderdifferences in attitudes and knowledge about social supports and condom use. The findings are important for social service providers to consider when developing and/or integrating HIV prevention into a culturally responsive service delivery approach.
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Refractive status primary school school children in Mopani district, Limpopo Province, South Africa - Mabaso, Raymond G.; Oduntan, Alabi O. (African Vision and Eye Health, 2006)
This article reports part of the findings of a study carried out to determine the causes, prevalence, and distribution of ocular dis-orders among rural primary school children in Mopani district of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Three hundred and eighty eight children aged 8 to 15 years were randomly selected from five randomly selected schools. Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy and auto-refrac-tion were performed on each child. The preva-lence of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism was 73.1%, 2.5% and 31.3% respectively. Hyperopia (Nearest spherical equivalent power (FNSE) ranged from +0.75 to +3.50 D for the right and left eyes with means of +1.05 ± 0.35 D and +1.08 ± 0.34 D respectively.Myopia (FNSE) ranged from –0.50 to –1.75 D for the right eye and –0.50 to –2.25 D for the left eye with means of –0.75 ± 0.55 D and –0.93 ± 0.55 D respectively. Regression model for myopia, shows that age had an odds ratio of 1.94 (1.15 to 3.26), indicating a significant increased risk of myopia with increasing age. Correcting cylinders for the right eyes ranged from –0.25 to –4.50 D (mean = −0.67 ± 0.47 D) and for the left eyes from –0.25 to –2.50 D (mean = −0.60 ± 0.30 D). With-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism (66.5%) was more common, followed by against-the-rule (ATR)astigmatism (28.1%) and oblique (OBL) astigmatism (5.4%). With-the-rule astigmatism was more common in females than males; ATR astigmatism and OBL astigmatism werecommon in males. Regular vision screening programmes, appropriate referral and vision correction in primary schools in Mopani district are recommended in order to eliminate refractive errors among the children.
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Information and Communication Technologies in Education in Sub-Saharan Africa : from Myth to Reality : the case of Teacher Training Colleges in Burkina Faso - Tiemtoré, Windpouiré Zacharia (2006)
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Factors influencing African-American students' enrollment in Texas law schools - Hunter, Janis A. (2006)
While extensive research has been conducted examining the college choice process of undergraduate students, little empirical research has been conducted on the relative factors affecting the law school choice of prospective African-American students, not only in Texas, but also nationwide. By developing a college choice model for African-American students considering legal education, this study will assist researchers and law school administrators in understanding the importance of these factors in the decision-making process. For example, how influential are (1) minority faculty role models and mentors; (2) financial aid; (3) assurance of employment after graduation; (4) supportive on-campus and off-campus organizations; and (5) scholarships in the law school selection process of African-Americans? The study was designed to survey prospective African-American students enrolled in Texas law schools during the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 academic years. Of the nine law schools located in the state of Texas, four private law schools, three public law schools and one historically Black law school chose to participate.
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Teacher Education, School Effectiveness and Improvement : A Study of Academic and Professional Qualification on Teachers' Job Effectiveness in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Ololube, Nwachukwu Prince (2006)
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Effects of In‐service Education on Improving Science Teaching in Swaziland - Stronkhorst, Robert; Akker, Jan van den (International Journal of Science Education, 2006)
Abstract This paper discusses the findings of an evaluative and interpretive study into the potential of in‐service education to improve science education in Swaziland. Short‐term and long‐term effects of an in‐service intervention are evaluated in terms of changes in classroom processes. The teaching approach of participating teachers has been monitored and analysed before, during and 1 year after the in‐service intervention, to assess whether changes occurred. The study revealed the subjective interpretations of teachers about those changes, also in relation to contextual factors. Recommendations are put forward to enhance the potential of in‐service education in comparable contexts. Notes 1. In this article, the term “science” is used as an overall term to refer to the subjects of biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, unless indicated otherwise. 2. Following Bolam (Citation1982), in‐service education is defined as follows: those education and training activities engaged in by teachers, following their initial professional certification, intended to further develop their professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes in order that they can educate pupils more effectively. 3. These effect levels are further referred to in this article as Effect Levels 1–5.
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The Impacts of Nigerian Training Programmes on Employees Performance - Taiwo, Akinyele Samuel (Research journal of business management, 2006)
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of the Iture Estuary in the Central Region of Ghana - Fianko, Joseph Richmond; Osae, S.; Adomako, Dickson; Adotey, D. K.; Serfor-Armah, Y. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006)
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Condoms Become the Norm in the Sexual Culture of College Students in Durban, South Africa - Maharaj, Pranitha; Cleland, John G.F. (Social Science Research Network, 2006)
The aim of this study was to examine the factors contributing to the increase in condom use among college students in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and some of the barriers to consistent condom use. The data were drawn from six focus group discussions with male and female students aged 18-24 in three public tertiary education institutions, supplemented by a survey of 3,000 students aged 17-24. Condoms had become ''part of sex'' and highly acceptable to the great majority, and were easily accessible. They were primarily being used for preventing pregnancy; many students liked not having to go to a health facility for supplies. Less than half of male and only a third of female students thought male partners had greater influence over the decision whether a condom was used. If a woman requested condoms, men and women agreed the man must comply. Some men were suspicious of women who agreed to have unprotected sex. Almost 75% of sexually active students surveyed reported condom use at last sexual intercourse, but consistent condom use, reported by only a quarter, remains the main challenge. It may be more effective to promote condoms for contraception among sexually active young people than for HIV prevention. Condoms have become the most commonly used contraceptive method among students, and this trend should be reinforced.
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Primary school teachers' experiences of education policy change in South Africa - Smit, Brigitte (2006)
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Cultural values in the home and school experiences of low-income African-American students - Tyler, Kenneth M.; Boykin, A. Wade; Miller, Oronde A.; Hurley, Eric A. (Social Psychology of Education, 2006)
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Music education unit standards for southern Africa : a model and its application in a general music appraisal programme - Grove, Johanna Petronella (2006)
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Access to Primary Education in Sierra Leone: the perceived gap between policy and practice, and the role of religious affiliation and British aid - Nishimuko, Mikako (Educate~, 2006)
This research paper is based on my PhD pilot study, in which I examined issues of access to primary education in Sierra Leone and its partnership with Britain. Prior to the fieldwork, I piloted a questionnaire with parents aiming to investigate the difficulties which underlie regular access to schooling in Sierra Leone. In the country, religious affiliation crucially informs patterns of education provision. I hypothesised that religion had a strong connection to how education was perceived and accessed in Sierra Leone. This short article presents the results of the pilot study and focuses on two issues: 1) parents’ perception of the role and influence of main stream religions in the country, Christianity and Islam, and 2) whether British aid is viewed as having played a significant role in alleviating the financial burdens and therefore widening access and participation in education.
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Reflections on entrepreneurship education in African tertiary institutions - Bawuah, Kwadwo; Buame, Samuel; Hinson, Robert Ebo (Acta commercii, 2006)
It is a well-established fact that several developed economies grew on the back of small businesses and entrepreneurial development. It stands to reason then that the development of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can also be catalysed by a rise in the number of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activity. In that general regard, this paper sought to investigate the state of entrepreneurship education in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The method adopted in investigating this phenomenon was to critique the existing tertiary education entrepreneurship structures (where these existed at all) and to proffer recommendations where anomalies were discovered. It came to light that despite the critical importance of entrepreneurs in the economic development of a nation, Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have not fully developed strategies to tap this resource. What the countries have, are haphazard policies designed to promote the lesser or uneducated individuals in the informal sector into entrepreneurship. SSA educational leaders must find ways to structure their curricula so that all or most of their students can take courses in entrepreneurship. This is essential for SSA countries in order to move them from their present disadvantaged economic status, to greater economic and social development. A tentative syllabus for African tertiary education is proffered at the end of the article but its robustness needs to be tested.
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School Engagement: Testing the Factorial Validity, Measurement, Structural and Latent Means Invariance between African American and White Students - Echeverria, Roy Arnon (2006)
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Importance of global business information perceptions of students in Hungary, Romania, South Africa and the United States - Hart, Mike; Pook, László A.; Jenei, György; Jennings, Melissa (South African journal of information management (Online), 2006)
The South African Journal of Information Management explores the latest developments and trends in information and knowledge management to offer research that can be used to further the application of sound information and knowledge management practice.
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Use of the gamma distribution to represent monthly rainfall in Africa for drought monitoring applications - Husak, G. J.; Michaelsen, Joel; Funk, Christopher C. (International Journal of Climatology, 2006)
Abstract Evaluating a range of scenarios that accurately reflect precipitation variability is critical for water resource applications. Inputs to these applications can be provided using location‐ and interval‐specific probability distributions. These distributions make it possible to estimate the likelihood of rainfall being within a specified range. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of fitting cell‐by‐cell probability distributions to grids of monthly interpolated, continent‐wide data. Future work will then detail applications of these grids to improved satellite‐remote sensing of drought and interpretations of probabilistic climate outlook forum forecasts. The gamma distribution is well suited to these applications because it is fairly familiar to African scientists, and capable of representing a variety of distribution shapes. This study tests the goodness‐of‐fit using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, and compares these results against another distribution commonly used in rainfall events, the Weibull. The gamma distribution is suitable for roughly 98% of the locations over all months. The techniques and results presented in this study provide a foundation for use of the gamma distribution to generate drivers for various rain‐related models. These models are used as decision support tools for the management of water and agricultural resources as well as food reserves by providing decision makers with ways to evaluate the likelihood of various rainfall accumulations and assess different scenarios in Africa. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
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A didactic device for biology evolution teaching - classroom debate for teaching biology evolution in Tunisia. - Aroua, Saïda (2006)
Biological evolution teaching in Tunisia endures a precariousness of its scientific status because of its interference with the religious beliefs of the pupils, of a concordist sociocultural context and a deficient scientific formation in biological evolution. While explaining the life diversity Tunisian pupils have difficulties with methodology validation in evolution science and conceive an argumentative equivalence between scientific and theological argumentative referentials. An innovating action in the evolution teaching in Tunisia is proposed to militate it's scientific status. It's a teaching device that treats two obstacles to the scientific status of evolution by epistemological reflections in classroom debates. These are the distancied reflections that accompany the construction of knowledge on the methodology validation in evolution science and conceptual knowledge of evolution. These knowledge could help the pupils to understand the scientific status of evolution. The conceived innovating proposition was tested and assessed. Destabilization and identification of the obstacles allowed the pupils to characterize the scientific referential of evolution.
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Genesis and classification of sesquioxidic soils from volcanic rocks in sub-humid tropical highlands of Ethiopia - Abayneh, E.; Zauyah, S.; Hanafi, Mohamed; Rosenani, A. B. (Geoderma, 2006)
A number of studies have been conducted on the genesis of soils from pyroclastic deposits under humid tropical climate. However, little has been studied on the mineralogical assemblage and genesis of sesquioxidic reddish soils from volcanic rocks under sub-humid tropical highland climate. This study was conducted to understand the genesis of sesquioxidic reddish soils from ignimbrite and basalt under sub-humid tropical climate in the Sidamo highlands of southern Ethiopia. Eight pedons developed from the two parent material groups belonging to Tertiary and Quaternary were sampled down to the bedrock and examined. The soils are deep, well drained and friable. The texture of all the soils is clayey. The soils are characterized by predominant neogenesis of kaolinite and residual accumulation of Fe and Al oxides in the solum of all the pedons while halloysite was detected only in the saprolitic layers of the ignimbrites. This indicates that the conditions for the formation of halloysite are met only in the deeper less permeable layers and it transforms to kaolinite at earlier stage of soil formation. Large amounts of Fe liberated by weathering from primary minerals both in basalt and ignimbrites are transformed into crystalline form whereas free Al is dominantly in poorly crystalline form. Hematite was found to be the dominant crystalline Fe-oxide in this sub-humid tropical climate, as opposed to goethite in humid tropics, due to the prevailing drier conditions. The relatively lower degree of leaching in this sub-humid climate with alternating dry and wet seasons, together with the slow permeability of the ignimbrite caused an increase in Si concentrations in the soil solution and favored neogenesis of crystalline clays such as kaolinite consuming a large amount of Al and Si derived from the parent material as opposed to poorly crystalline colloidal constituents such as allophane. The soils developed from basalt, and those from ignimbrite under udic regime are classified as Oxisols, whereas those from ignimbrite under ustic regime are classified as Ultisols/Alfisols. Time of pedogenesis, microclimatic variations affecting leaching regime and internal drainage are the important factors governing the formation and development of these soils.
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How African-American Students View Racial Diversity at a Historically Black University - Abrams, Michael E. (Journal of Human Subjectivity, 2006)
Diversity is an instrumental and operationalizable concept upon which important legal and strategic decisions are based in higher education in American society beginning with admission to college. This study of 48 African-American students at a historically black university shows that students may consider their university diverse even though it may lack what some have called the structural diversity necessary to meet legal expectations of racial diversity in our current democratic, multi-racial, multi-ethnic society. Four factors or student-types emerged with separate constructions of the meaning of diversity in their own lives using this grounded and subjective approach.
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Workload, Social Support, and Work-School Conflict Among Nigerian Nontraditional Students - Adebayo, D. O. (Journal of Career Development, 2006)
As a result of the increasing number of nontraditional students in Nigerian universities and the consequences associated with combining multiple roles, this study is designed to examine the relationship among nontraditional students with respect to workload, social support, and work-school conflict. Using a cross-sectional survey, data are collected from 126 nontraditional students. Results of the correlational analysis reveals that work-school conflict has a significant positive relationship with perceived workload and a significant inverse relationship with social support. Furthermore, results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that perceived workload, supervisor, and coworker support are found to be significant predictors of work-school conflict after controlling for the possible influence of sociodemographic variables. The discussion of these findings is anchored on multiple roles and social support models. The practical implications for workplace and university flexibility to enhance the educational advancement of nontraditional students are also emphasized.
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Effect of Training on Adoption of Improved Farm Practices by Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. - Adebo, Grace Modupe; Ewuola, S. O. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
An investigation was conducted on whether or not fanners training affects their adoption of improved farmpractices in Agriculture. Two hundred farmers were randomly selected from 10 Local Government Areas of Ondo State and made to respond to the interview schedule used in eliciting responses for the study. Findings revealed that farmers were trained by the Agricultural Extension Agents of Ondo State Agricultural Development Project; that men received training on improvedfarm practices on yam production and 32.5% received training on 87.5% received the training through farm/home visit, 75% through radio and 41.0% through television programme; practical demonstration in film shows in farmer's meeting. Furthermore, findings showed that farmers preferred training on> >rit v (87.0%) maize, cassava and rice respectively while 60.5% recent a training on improved farm practices of cowpea. The result further showed that, received through farmers meeting while 60.0% received v. In addition 71.5% agreed that the extension agents utilized training, 60.8% learnt through group discussions, 60.2% through radio, and 30% through learnt through result demonstration on television programmes. farm/home and practical demonstration method to other methods of training. The result of the study equally indicated that timeliness and medium of training had effect on the level ofi practices. It also showed that availability of inputs—seed, cutting, fertilizers and correlation with the adoption of improvedfarm practices on maize, rice and cassava. The improvedfarm practices increased tlieir output ofmaize, rice and cassava. therefore recommended that the extension agents of Agricultural Development Project in Ondo State improved farm practices. More extension the use of farm Thome visits and farm meetings which is preferred by the technologies should be supported with adequate input at the right time to enhance adoption. adoption of improved farn agrochemicals hadpositive training received and their adoption of It was should intensify training given to the farmers to enhance the adoption of agents should be employed to increuse farnlers.
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Effect of training programme on secondary schools teachers' knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health education in rural schools Ile-Ife, Nigeria. - Adegbenro, Caleb A.; Adeniyi, Joshua D.; Oladepo, Oladimeji (PubMed, 2006)
This study assessed the effect of training programme on teachers' knowledge of and attitude towards reproductive health education /sexuality education [RHE/SE] in five randomly selected rural schools in Ife-North local government area [IFLGA], Southwest, Nigeria. All the 84 teachers in the selected schools in the LGA were recruited for the study. They [84 teachers] were all given training in RHE/SE for one month. Their knowledge and attitude towards RHE/SE were assessed pre-and post-training programme. The results show a significant increase in percentage of those who had good knowledge in general areas of RHE/SE at post-training assessment compared with pre-training assessment[from 14.3% to 53.6%, p=0.0001].Also, pre-post attitudinal disposition assessments show that there was an increase in percentage of those who were favourably disposed to the teaching of RHE/SE in Nigeria Schools at post-training assessment [from 17.9% to 45.2%, p=0.0011]. The study suggests that RHE/SE should be included and made compulsory in all training programme for all teachers in Nigeria.
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Effect of Training Programme on Secondary Schools Teachers' Knowledge and Attitude towards Reproductive Health Education in Rural Schools Ile-Ife, Nigeria / Effet du programme de formation sur la connaissance at l'attitude des enseignants au niveau secondaire encers l'éducation de la santé de reproduction dans les écoles rurales à Ile-Ife, Nigéria - Adegbenro, Caleb A.; Adeniyi, Joshua D.; Oladepo, Oladimeji (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2006)
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Training Needs of Extension Agents in Agricultural Development Programmes of Selected States of South Western Nigeria - Adesiji, Gbolagade Benjamin (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
It is crucial to devote training opportunities to those areas in which training is most important and most needed since time, personnel, and other resourcesfor in~services training are very limited. The study examined the training needs of extension agents in Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) in selected states of southwestern Nigeria. A random sampling technique was used to select 206 village extension agents (VEAs), 46 block extension supervisors (BESs) and 31 subject matter specialists (SMSs)from thefollowing five states of South-Western Nigeria: Oyo, Osunr Lagos, Ondo and Ogun. Thefindings show that majority (84.6%) of the VEAs are male,mostly( 60.1%) between 30 and 49 years of age and 91.5% are married. A significant percentage (73.4%) of VEAs hold Ordinary National DiplomatON.D) certificates. Also, more than half (56.9%) have not had in-service training and 76.6% have sewed more than five years in the ADP. The result indicates that the competency areas where VEAs need training are in the research methodology and programme evaluation. Kendall9s coefficient of concordance shows that there is a relatively low degree of agreement between the ranking of the VEAs, BESs and SMSs of the importance of competency areas (w =0.32). Pearson correlation coefficient shows a significant relationship between the training needs of VEAs and age (r = 0.77 p<0.05); level of education (r = 0.25. p<0.05) and length of sendee (r - 0.96, p<0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that there are significant differences in the training needs assessment of VEAs, BESs and SMSs on extension administration (F = 5.34, p<0.05); programme planning and development (F = 19.42, p<0.05); communication (F- 28.66, p<0.05); research (F =31.13, p<0.05); conducting training (F = 22.21, p<0.05), teaching (F = 37.97, p<0.05), human (F = 20.01, p<0.05) and evaluation (F = 12.53, p<0.05).Recommendationfrom this study is that a training course should be heldfor VEAs in the areas of research methodology and programme evaluation and this should be prioritized with the other competency areas and reviewed regularly by the ADP management. Also more funds must be allocated to training of extension agents.
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Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use and anxiety symptoms among Nigerian college students - Adewuya, Abiodun O.; Ola, Bolanle; Aloba, Olutayo (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2006)
Few studies have addressed the effect of gender on the relationship between alcohol and anxiety. Students in a Nigerian university, grouped into five separate categories of alcohol use completed the Zung's Self Rating Anxiety Scale. Although a non-linear "J shaped" relationship was found between alcohol use and anxiety symptoms among males, a linear relationship was found among females. Women tend not to share the positive effect moderate alcohol use confers on anxiety status. This gender difference may be an important consideration when planning preventive strategies for alcohol related problems in Nigerian youths.
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The Effects of Socio-Economic Factors on Perceived Adequacy of Training Received by Women in Agriculture in Ijebu and Remo Divisions of Ogun State, Nigeria. - Adisa, B. O.; Adeokun, A O; Oladoja, M. A. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
This study was conducted to determine the effect of socio-economic factors on women in Agriculture perception of adequacy of training received in Ijebu and Remo Division of Ogun State; Nigeria. A multi-stage sample procedure was used to select the 240 respondents involved in the study. Data were collected is structured interview schedule while frequency count and percentages were used in describing the data. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis. Results of thefindings indicated that training opportunity was inadequate in the area, about 85.83 percent claimed that they attends only one training in a year. Cooperative society, OGADEP andNGOS are the most common organizers/sponsors of the training inferential information revealed that there were no significant relationship between any of the selected socio-economic variables (age, income; occupation and education) and perception of adequacy of training received by women in agriculture. Three crucial factors (needs and aspiration factor) sponsor and organizer factor and facility factor were identified. Participation approach for training are recommended.
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Strategies for skills acquisition for people with disabilities - A report for South Africa - Africa, Disabled People South (2006)
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Corporal Punishment in the Schools of Ghana: Does Inclusive Education Suffer? - Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram (The Australian Educational Researcher, 2006)
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Corporal Punishment in the Schools of Ghana: Does Inclusive Education Suffer? - Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram (The Australian Educational Researcher, 2006)
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Corporal Punishment in the Schools of Ghana: Does Inclusive Education Suffer? - Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram (The Australian Educational Researcher, 2006)
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Corporal Punishment in the Schools of Ghana: Does Inclusive Education Suffer? - Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram (The Australian Educational Researcher, 2006)
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The changing roles of mother as teacher of her pre-school child: The nigerian experience - Ajayi, Christine A. (International Journal of Early Childhood, 2006)
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Sexual behavior and experience of sexual coercion among secondary school students in three states in North Eastern Nigeria - Ajuwon, Ademola J.; Olaleye, Adeniyi; Faromoju, Banji; Ladipo, O. A. (BMC Public Health, 2006)
Interest in the reproductive health of adolescents continues to grow throughout the world. Few studies had explored the reproductive health knowledge, sexual behavior and experience of sexual coercion among secondary school students in North Eastern states of Nigeria. The objectives of this descriptive survey were to collect data to plan appropriate interventions that meet the reproductive health knowledge, service and skills needs of students in Bauchi, Borno and Gombe states.Face-to-face interviews were conducted for 624 consenting students who were randomly selected from eighteen secondary schools using an 83-item structured questionnaire. Data were collected on demographic profile, reproductive health knowledge, sexual behavior and experience of sexual coercion.The mean age of the respondents was 16.5 years. There were slightly more males (52%) than females (48%). Students' knowledge about reproductive health was generally low even though girls had better knowledge than boys. Thirteen percent of the entire students had had sexual experience; significantly more males (19%) than females (6%) had done so (p < 0.001). Among boys the age at sexual debut ranged from 10-26 with a mean of 15.7 and median of 16. By contrast, the age at first sex among girls ranged from 10 to 18 years with a mean and median of 16.1 and 17 years respectively. Only 24% of those who were sexually active used a condom during their last sexual encounter. Overall 11% of the students reported that they had been tricked into having sex, 9% had experienced unwanted touch of breast and backside, and 5% reported rape.Students low reproductive health knowledge and involvement in risky sexual activities predispose them to undesirable reproductive health outcomes.
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Use of the Internet for health information by physicians for patient care in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria - Ajuwon, Grace Ada (Biomedical digital libraries, 2006)
The Internet is the world's largest network of information, communication and services. Although the Internet is widely used in medicine and has made significant impact in research, training and patient care, few studies had explored the extent to which Nigerian physicians use Internet resources for patient care. The objective of this study was to assess physicians' use of the Internet for health information for patient care.172 physicians at the University College hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria; completed a 31-item, anonymous, standardized questionnaire. The Epi-Info software was used for data analysis.The mean age of the respondents was 31.95 years (SD 4.94). Virtually all (98%) the respondents had used the Internet; 76% accessed it from cyber cafes. E-mail was the most commonly used Internet service (64%). Ninety percent of the respondents reported they had obtained information from the Internet for patient care; of this number, 76.2% had searched a database. The database most recently searched was MEDLINE/PubMed in 99% of cases. Only 7% of the respondents had ever searched the Cochrane Library. More than half (58.1%) perceived they had no confidence to download full-text articles from online sources such as the Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI). Multiple barriers to increased use of the Internet were identified including poor availability of broadband (fast connection speed) Internet access, lack of information searching skills, cost of access and information overload.Physicians' use of the Internet for health information for patient care was widespread but use of evidenced-based medicine resources such as Cochrane Library, Up-to-date and Clinical Evidence was minimal. Awareness and training in the use of EBM resources for patient care is needed. Introduction of EBM in the teaching curriculum will enhance the use of EBM resources by physicians for patient care.
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The 1994–2004 Al Hoceima (Morocco) earthquake sequence: Conjugate fault ruptures deduced from InSAR - Akoğlu, Ahmet M.; Çakır, Ziyadin; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Belabbès, Samir; Alami, Sidi Otman El; Ergintav, Semih; Akyüz, H. Serdar (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2006)
We study the May 26, 1994 (Mw = 6.0) and February 24, 2004 (Mw = 6.4) earthquakes that affected the Al Hoceima region of northern Morocco. These events are the two strongest earthquakes recorded in this region. Yet, the exact location, kinematics and relationships between these earthquakes are poorly known since neither of them produced surface ruptures. Using Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) we mapped the surface displacement field of the two earthquakes to characterize their seismic source parameters. Analysis of the interferograms constructed from ascending and descending orbits for both earthquakes and subsequent elastic modeling using slip inversions on triangular fault patches suggest that the two mainshocks occurred on blind conjugate strike–slip faults; the 1994 earthquake being associated with N23° E trending left-lateral fault and the 2004 earthquake with N45° W trending right-lateral fault. This result contradicts previous inferences on the kinematics, location and rupture geometry of the earthquakes deduced from conventional analyses of seismic waveforms and aftershocks distribution. The InSAR analysis reveals the fragmentation of the Rif Mountain throughout a complex network of conjugate blind faults consistent with the transpression tectonics along the plate boundary in North Africa. Although the two earthquakes took place in the Rif thrust-and-fold belt, the late Quaternary deformation indicates E–W extension in agreement with the NW–SE and NE–SW trending conjugate strike–slip faulting.
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Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers - Albirini, Abdulkafi (Computers and education (Print), 2006)
Based on the new technology initiative in Syrian education, this study explored the attitudes of high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Syria toward ICT. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between computer attitudes and five independent variables: computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence, computer access, and personal characteristics (including computer training background). The findings suggest that teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT in education. Teachers’ attitudes were predicted by computer attributes, cultural perceptions and computer competence. The results point to the importance of teachers’ vision of technology itself, their experiences with it, and the cultural conditions that surround its introduction into schools in shaping their attitudes toward technology and its subsequent diffusion in their educational practice.
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Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers - Albirini, Abdulkafi (Computers and education (Print), 2006)
Based on the new technology initiative in Syrian education, this study explored the attitudes of high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Syria toward ICT. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between computer attitudes and five independent variables: computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence, computer access, and personal characteristics (including computer training background). The findings suggest that teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT in education. Teachers’ attitudes were predicted by computer attributes, cultural perceptions and computer competence. The results point to the importance of teachers’ vision of technology itself, their experiences with it, and the cultural conditions that surround its introduction into schools in shaping their attitudes toward technology and its subsequent diffusion in their educational practice.
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Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers - Albirini, Abdulkafi (Computers and education (Print), 2006)
Based on the new technology initiative in Syrian education, this study explored the attitudes of high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Syria toward ICT. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between computer attitudes and five independent variables: computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence, computer access, and personal characteristics (including computer training background). The findings suggest that teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT in education. Teachers’ attitudes were predicted by computer attributes, cultural perceptions and computer competence. The results point to the importance of teachers’ vision of technology itself, their experiences with it, and the cultural conditions that surround its introduction into schools in shaping their attitudes toward technology and its subsequent diffusion in their educational practice.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers - Albirini, Abdulkafi (Computers and education (Print), 2006)
Based on the new technology initiative in Syrian education, this study explored the attitudes of high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Syria toward ICT. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between computer attitudes and five independent variables: computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence, computer access, and personal characteristics (including computer training background). The findings suggest that teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT in education. Teachers’ attitudes were predicted by computer attributes, cultural perceptions and computer competence. The results point to the importance of teachers’ vision of technology itself, their experiences with it, and the cultural conditions that surround its introduction into schools in shaping their attitudes toward technology and its subsequent diffusion in their educational practice.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers - Albirini, Abdulkafi (Computers and education (Print), 2006)
Based on the new technology initiative in Syrian education, this study explored the attitudes of high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Syria toward ICT. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between computer attitudes and five independent variables: computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence, computer access, and personal characteristics (including computer training background). The findings suggest that teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT in education. Teachers’ attitudes were predicted by computer attributes, cultural perceptions and computer competence. The results point to the importance of teachers’ vision of technology itself, their experiences with it, and the cultural conditions that surround its introduction into schools in shaping their attitudes toward technology and its subsequent diffusion in their educational practice.
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers - Albirini, Abdulkafi (Computers and education (Print), 2006)
Based on the new technology initiative in Syrian education, this study explored the attitudes of high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Syria toward ICT. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between computer attitudes and five independent variables: computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence, computer access, and personal characteristics (including computer training background). The findings suggest that teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT in education. Teachers’ attitudes were predicted by computer attributes, cultural perceptions and computer competence. The results point to the importance of teachers’ vision of technology itself, their experiences with it, and the cultural conditions that surround its introduction into schools in shaping their attitudes toward technology and its subsequent diffusion in their educational practice.
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Assessment of Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme: Focus on Faculty of Agriculture Students, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. - Ani, A. O.; Ogunbameru, B.O.; Gaya, H. I. M.; Ibrahim, Abeer (The Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2006)
The study assessed Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), using students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University ofMaiduguri as respondents. Structured questionnaire was used to collect datafrom randomly selected sixty students who participated in SIWES programme during 2003/2004 session. Data were analyzed using percentages, correlation analysis and ranking order methods. The majorfindings were that 61% of the respondents were male while 38.3% were females; 48.3% were members of Agricultural societies during their secondary school education. Crop Production techniques (AGF 401) was ranked by 53.3% of the respondents as the most preferred course, while the least preferred course was Workshop Practice (AGF 410) as indicatedby only 0.2% of the respondents. Inadequate practical facilities, transportation and funds were the major problems encountered in the implementation of the SIWES programme. It is therefore, recommended that policy should be formulated to ensure adequate provision of the requisite logistics to successfully implement the programme.
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Nitric Oxide Reversibly Impairs Axonal Conduction in Guinea Pig Spinal Cord - Ashki, Negin; Hayes, Keith C.; Shi, Riyi (Journal of Neurotrauma, 2006)
Increased expression of the inducible and neuronal isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and elevated concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, are present within the central nervous system (CNS) following neurotrauma and are implicated in the pathogenesis of the accompanying neurologic deficits. We tested the hypothesis that elevated extracellular concentrations of NO introduced by the donor Spermine NONOate, induce reversible axonal conduction deficits in neurons of the guinea pig spinal cord. The compound action potential (CAP) and compound membrane potential (CMP) of excised ventral cord white matter were recorded before, during, and after bathing the tissue (30 min) in varying concentrations (0.25–3.0 mM) of Spermine NONOate. The principal results were a rapid onset, dose-dependent, reduction in amplitude of the CAP (p < 0.05) accompanied by depolarization of the CMP during NO exposure. These effects were largely reversible on washout, at low concentration of the donor (0.5 mM), but were only partially reversed at higher concentrations. Changes in the electrophysiological properties were not evident when the donor had been a priori depleted of NO. The results extend previous reports that NO induces reversible axonal conduction deficits. They provide new evidence of dissociation of the effects of NO on CAP and CMP during washout, and after prolonged exposure to the donor. They add support to the emerging concept that immune-mediated axonal conduction failure contributes to reversible neurologic deficits following neurotrauma and aid in understanding clinical phenomena such as spinal shock and neurologic recovery.
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Teaching aspects of English sentences to second-language learners : a Nigerian example - Asiyanbola, A. A. (Acta Academica, 2006)
This paper is informed by a study carried out among 720 randomly selected senior secondary school learners from 36 randomly selected secondary schools from the Oyo, Ogun, Osun, Lagos, Ondo and Ekiti States of Nigeria (Asiyanbola, 2003). Based on the employment of the elicitation techniques of six composition topics and a ten-item supply-response test, a large number of grammatical problems were identified from observations of the written language behaviour of the participants. The pupils experienced great difficulty in forming non-basic and non-simple sentences. A step-by-step presentation of English sentences is thus suggested : basic simple, non-basic simple and non-simple sentences. These could be incorporated into the grammar units of three common English language course books and the teaching syllabus used in Nigerian senior secondary schools. Moreover, essential points of grammar are also suggested, to be taught alongside each of the sentence types at various stages, since sentences cannot be taught in isolation. L'enseignement de certains aspects de la phrase anglaise aux apprenants de l'anglais comme deuxieme langue (ACDL) : un exemple nigerian A l'aide de six sujets de redaction comme moyen de controle concernant la formulation de phrases en anglais, cet article identifie les problemes de 720 apprenants choisis dans quelques ecoles secondaires de la region au sud-ouest du Nigeria. L'etude evalue les unites grammaticales elaborees dans trois livres de cours et dans les programmes scolaires de ces echantillons. A partir de la, nous decouvrons certains vides a combler. Ainsi, l'article propose des processus varies pour la formulation de phrases en anglais grammaticalement acceptables et plausibles et que l'on pourrait integrer aux nouvelles editions et aux revisions du programme.
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Book Review: Climate change and Africa - Atkinson, B. W. (Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 2006)
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Influence of Gender, Age, Religion and Ethnicity on Peer-Victimization Among Primary Four Pupils in Ibadan, Nigeria - Balogun, Shyngle K.; Olapegba, Peter O.; Opayemi, A.S. (Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 2006)
AbstractPeer-victimization has been found to be a universal phenomenon among children, which can lead to very grave consequences in the emerging adult. This study examined the influence of gender, age, religion and ethnicity on peer-victimization of 240 (131 boys and 109 girls) purposively selected primary 4 pupils in Ibadan metropolis. There was no gender difference in overall peer-victimization of primary school pupils. The same pattern was observed in age, religion and ethnicity dimensions. It is then concluded that experience of peer-victimization cuts across race and culture, its occurrence and dynamics are culturally universal. However, there exist some differences that can be attributed to cultural differences. Research efforts thus, should focus more on this area with emphasis on intervention and rehabilitation.Key Words: Peer-victimizationgenderreligionethnicity
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InSAR analysis of the 21 May 2003 Zemmouri earthquake (Mw 6.8, Northern Algeria): Rupture constraint of an offshore hidden fault - Belabbès, Samir; Wicks, Charles W.; Çakır, Ziyadin; Maouche, Saïd; Bouhadad, Youcef; Meghraoui, Mustapha (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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The institutionalization of comparative education discourses in South Africa in the 20 th century - Bergh, Anne‐Marie; Soudien, Crain (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2006)
This paper describes the processes of insertion of Comparative Education as a 'discipline' in higher education institutions in South Africa. It describes the embeddedness and representations of knowledge within the different South African academic traditions and how these processes mediated different trajectories of institutionalization of Comparative Education. The epistemic alliances and discourse coalitions coinciding with the historical division between historically white Afrikaans and English universities and historically black universities are presented. Discourse coalitions with church, state and industry are analysed, as well as the epistemic alliances with continental European and Anglo-Saxon intellectual traditions and the emerging African tradition. The diversification within each epistemic alliance is also discussed, namely the liberal-Marxist debate at historically white English universities and the heterodoxy of pedagogics, Christian scholarship and structural functionalism at historically white Afrikaans universities.
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Analysis of a M2.2 Earthquake in Tautona Gold Mine, South Africa, and Estimate of its Energy Budget - Boettcher, M. S.; McGarr, A.; Johnston, Michael D.; Aswegen, G. van; Heesakkers, V.; Reches, Z. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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Platinum-group element abundances in xenoliths from Marsabit Volcanic field (Kenya Rift). - Bourdon, Erwan; Kalt, Angelika; Meisel, Thomas; Kaeser, Benjamin (AGUFM, 2006)
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African American Communities: Implications for Culturally Relevant Teaching - Boutte, Gloria Swindler; Hill, Eddie (The New Educator, 2006)
We suggest that there is a powerful and affirming socialization taking place in African American communities that could be instructive to schools. This article illustrates how educators can build on the strengths found in the black community to effectively teach African American students. Relating the ethos of the barbershop to tenets of culturally relevant pedagogy, aspects of the barbershop that empower black males are made explicit. Absent in many teacher education programs is the emphasis on developing an inside understanding of students' communities and recognizing and illuminating existing best practices that differ from mainstream conceptions.
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Partnership to bolster the quality of a business learning programme in the agricultural sector in rural South Africa - Brandt, Cama; Jacobs, Hannelize; Beer, Andreas (Education As Change, 2006)
This paper describes how a public-private partnership bolsters the quality of a business learning programme aligned to South African national transformation imperatives. This regional learning programme, empowering adult learners working and learning in vineyards in rural South Africa, was initiated by a partnership between public institutions of higher learning, AgriSETA (Agriculture Sector Education and Training Authority) and, a regional private farm company and community in the Green Kalahari. To run this Public-Private Partnership Project, a stakeholder learning collaboration was formed consisting of community leaders, agriculture practitioners, farm managers, organised business and labour, pre-, un- and employed prospective learners and knowledge workers from professional bodies and higher education institutions ensuring the provision of contextualised quality education and training. By working together, the stakeholders created a sustainable innovative learning and work environment. The paper gives an account of how the beginning (programme development and review to contribute to the transformation of a particular target group) and end of the learning process (student assessment and success) had been planned, delivered, and quality assured by social dialogue and collaboration between social partners. It examined what have been the concrete achievements.
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South Sudan education emergency - Brown, Tim (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
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Language Drama in Morocco: Another Perspective on the Problems and Prospects of Teaching Tamazight - Buckner, Elizabeth (Journal of North African Studies, 2006)
Abstract In ‘Language Policy in Morocco: Problems and Prospects of Teaching Tamazight’, Mohammed Errihani (Journal of North African Studies, Vol. 11, 2006) examines the status of Morocco's new language policy to teach Tamazight in elementary schools. This article theorises about many of the implementation problems that Errihani finds. It argues that the Tamazight language policy is riddled with problems because it was designed by the monarchy as a political tool meant to garner support from diverse audiences rather than as a language education policy sincerely intending to teach Tamazight. The analysis considers both economic and educational data on the status of the Imazighen in Morocco as well as qualitative fieldwork conducted in late 2004 in two rural villages outside of Tafraoute, a Tamazight-speaking village in the south of Morocco. While affirming the importance of Tamazight for all Moroccans, it argues that there exists another very real, yet often overlooked, benefit of teaching Tamazight, for both Amazigh students and the nation as a whole: the educational potential of mother language education.
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Emergency contraception and fertility awareness among university students in Kampala, Uganda. - Byamugisha, Josaphat; Mirembe, Florence; Faxelid, Elisabeth; Gemzell‐Danielsson, Kristina (PubMed, 2006)
Uganda has a high maternal mortality ratio with unsafe abortions being one of the major causes. Young people are particularly vulnerable to unsafe induced abortion with its sequelae. Emergency contraception (EC) may reduce unsafe abortions if easily accessible and acceptable.To determine knowledge about, ever use and attitudes towards EC among resident and non-resident female first year university students in Kampala.This Cross sectional study was carried out at Makerere University from January to March 2005.Out of 5971 females admitted in the academic year 2004/2005,379 answered a self administered questionnaire. The students were approached individually and given the questionnaire if they consented.The mean age of the participants was 21 years. Less than half (45.1%) had ever heard about emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). The most common sources of information about EC were friends (34%),media (24.8%) and schools (19.4%). The ever pregnancy rate was 3.4 percent and 42 percent were in a steady relationship of three or more months. The contraceptive ever-use rate was 14.5 percent. Among the users the most common methods were condoms (48.9%) and withdrawal (23.4%). Emergency contraceptive pills had been used by seven students. Forty two percent did not know the time interval within which ECPs can work and one third thought it would interrupt an ongoing pregnancy. Thirty five percent did not know when in the menstrual cycle they were likely to conceive. The majority of the students were against over the counter (OTC) availability of EC because of fear of misuse.Knowledge about Emergency contraception and fertility awareness is low among the female first year university students. Friends and the media are an important source of EC information. Awareness and knowledge of EC should be increased.
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Zambia: multi‐faith religious education? - Carmody, Brendan (Journal of Beliefs & Values: studies in religion and education, 2006)
Abstract As countries’ populations become more religiously diverse, a need to review the religious education syllabus that operates is often perceived. One such country is Zambia, which was not only traditionally religiously diverse but has become even more so with the advent of Christianity, Islam and Hinduism and other non‐African faiths. This article therefore explores the feasibility of adopting a multi‐faith approach to religious education in Zambia in the light of such increasing religious diversity. In doing so, special reference is made to parallels with what is happening elsewhere, especially in England, for the Zambian religious education situation had a somewhat similar shape as that of England. Among the issues which this paper raises are: what kind of multi‐faith religious education, that preserves its integrity, is likely to enhance social harmony in Zambia, as well as, how might such a religious education be effectively introduced and implemented? Notes 1. In 2005, 17,000 took 2044 while 44,000 took 2046 (Personal communication, T. McGivern, 22 May 2006).
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Michael Morris. Every Step of the Way: The Journey to Freedom in South Africa. Cape Town: Ministry of Education and Human Sciences Research Council, 2004. x + 333 pps. Figures. Illustrations. Bibliography. Index. $19.95. Paper. - Cobley, Alan (African studies review, 2006)
Michael Morris. Every Step of the Way: The Journey to Freedom in South Africa. Cape Town: Ministry of Education and Human Sciences Research Council, 2004. x + 333 pps. Figures. Illustrations. Bibliography. Index. $19.95. Paper. - Volume 49 Issue 3
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Physics Education in Nigeria - Collier, Jefferson L. (AAS, 2006)
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Student Clinical Experiences in Africa: Who Are We Helping? - Conard, Craig; Kahn, Marc J.; DeSalvo, Karen B.; Hamm, L. Lee (AMA journal of ethics, 2006)
Identifies the pitfalls of improperly organized international medical student electives and the hazards of volunteering for the wrong reasons. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
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Blended learning : a new approach to legal teaching in South African law schools - Crocker, Angela Diane (Journal of juridical science, 2006)
This article investigates the development of a sustainable strategy for the integration of online education technology and traditional teaching and learning methodologies in South African law faculties, in a so-called 'blended learning' approach to legal teaching. In developing a strategy, a number of issues were considered, including: accommodating an increasing and diverse student population; achieving SAQA exit-level outcomes;national and international trends in blended learning; and ensuring an appropriate level of computer skills for both lecturers and students. Vital to the development of a sustainable strategy is a comprehensive management plan which details clear objectives for the process of implementation.The achievement of the management plan objectives should be driven by a project management team, which will be responsible for conducting training and support in blended learning; developing online learning module materials; producing research into technological advancements in this field; co-operating with the law library; establishing a committed blended learning community; and finally establishing a system of blended learning module review.The overall objective of the strategy then, is to establish a sustainable model for the medium and long-term implementation of blended learning, ensuring that this mode of learning becomes accepted as an integral part of the system of legal education in the institution. Gemengde geleerdheid : 'n Nuwe benadering tot regsonderwys in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsskole Hierdie artikel ondersoek die ontwikkeling van 'n handhawende strategie vir die integrasie van e-leer en tradisionele onderrig- en leermetodologiee in Suid-Afrikaanse regskole, in 'n sogenaamde gemengde ('blended') leer benadering tot regsonderrig. 'n Aantal sake is oorweeg, insluitende: die inagneming van 'n toenemende diverse studentepopulasie; die inagneming van SAKO-uittreevlakuitkomste; nasionale en internasionale tendense in gemengde leer; en die versekering van 'n toepaslike vlak van rekenaarvaardighede vir beide dosente en studente. 'n Omvattende bestuursplan is nodig geag, insluitende duidelike doelstellings vir implementering. Hierdie doelstellings behoort bedryf te word deur 'n projekspan, wat verantwoordelik sal wees vir: die uitvoer van opleiding en ondersteuning; die ontwikkeling van onderrigmateriaal; navorsing oor tegnologiese ontwikkelings in die veld;samewerking met die biblioteek; die stigting van 'n toegewyde gemengde leergemeenskap; en laastens die stigting van 'n stelsel van gemengde leermodulehersiening. Die oorkoepelende doel van die strategie is om 'n handhawende model vir die medium- en langtermynimplementering van gemengde leer te ontwikkel, om te verseker dat hierdie leermodus aanvaar sal word as 'n integrale deel van die regsonderrigstelsel in die betrokke instansie.
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Farmers' Perception of Water Management under Drought Conditions in the Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia - Desalegn, Chemeda Edossa; Babel, Mukand S.; Gupta, Ashim; Seleshi, Bekele Awulachew; Merrey, Douglas J. (International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2006)
A survey was conducted in the Upper Awash River Basin, Ethiopia, to assess agricultural water management practices adopted by the farmers under drought conditions. The results show that on average drought prevails in the area once every two years and causes damage to both crops and livestock. Consequently, under such drought conditions, the farming communities have adopted various coping strategies and important among them are the sale of labour and sale of livestock and their products. The survey results also reveal that farmers in the rainfed agriculture areas practise mainly contour bunding to mitigate drought impacts.
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Smokescreen or Opening a Can of Worms? Workplace HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Social Protection in South Africa - Dickinson, David (African Studies, 2006)
The HIV/AIDS epidemic threatens amongst other things social protection provided in the workplace. Social protection comprises a range of rights and responsibilities that afford security to workers and their dependants. Any increase in diseases that impact on working age adults will have a detrimental affect on the levels of social protection that can be afforded. Additionally Rosen and Simon (2003) have suggested that private sector companies are shifting the burden of the disease by means of inter alia atypical employment forms and the capping of employee benefits. Such responses both reduce the overall level of social protection and increase differentials between core and peripheral workers within companies. Alongside any shifting of the burden of HIV/AIDS South African companies are actively implementing workplace HIV/AIDS programmes. These involve a number of components including HIV/AIDS peer educators who form a frontline of advice and support for workers. Drawing on research in five large South African companies this article assesses the activities of workplace peer educators (PE) and how this might impact on social protection in the workplace. (excerpt)
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Professional Teaching and Communication Competencies needed by Extension Workers in Central Nigeria - Dimelu, M. U.; Saingbe, N D (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
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Geophysical Survey of the 1978 Seismo-volcanic Crisis in the Asal-Ghoubbet Rift (Afar Depression, Djibouti) and the Post-rifting Deformations - Doubre, Cécile; Ruegg, Jean; Chabalier, Jean-Bernard de; Vigny, C.; Jacques, Éric (AGUFM, 2006)
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Geophysical Survey of the 1978 Seismo-volcanic Crisis in the Asal-Ghoubbet Rift (Afar Depression, Djibouti) and the Post-rifting Deformations - Doubre, Cécile; Ruegg, Jean; Chabalier, Jean-Bernard de; Vigny, C.; Jacques, Éric (AGUFM, 2006)
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An analysis of the adjustment problems of international students in a South African university - Dzansi, Dennis Yao (2006)
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An investigation of pre-service teacher's self-efficacy and self-image as a science teacher in Egypt - EL-Deghaidy, Heba (Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 2006)
This study investigated the possible impact of a science teaching methods course on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and perceptions of self as science
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Late Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics, North Eastern Desert, Egypt: Geochemistry and petrogenesis - Eliwa, Hassan; Kimura, Jun‐Ichi; Itaya, Tetsumaru (Precambrian research, 2006)
Origin and tectonic setting of the late Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics (ca. 610–560 Ma by whole rock Rb–Sr and ca. 600–590 Ma by SHRIMP U–Pb zircon) in the Egyptian Eastern Desert is debated. Debate concerns the tectonic setting they formed in, during transition between convergent to extensional, during or after collision of E and W Gondwana ∼600 Ma. In order to solve this problem, we studied the geology and analyzed major and trace elements of lavas from Wadi Um Sidra and Um Asmer in the northern Eastern Desert. These range from medium- to high-K basalt to rhyolite. They comprise voluminous medium- to high-K calc-alkaline lavas, subordinate adakitic lavas, and minor alkali basalt. Adakitic lavas contain very low Y (<18 ppm) and heavy REE (HREE) (Yb ≤ 1 ppm) contents, with high Sr (>767 ppm) and Sr/Y (>40). They also have high Cr and Ni and low Nb, Rb, and Zr contents compared to coexisting calc-alkaline lavas. The adakitic lavas exhibit a fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns with HREE depletion (LaN/LuN = 11.1–14.4), while calc-alkaline rocks have less fractionated REE patterns (LaN/LuN = 6.3–9.4). REE patterns of the alkali basalt are also similar to that of adakitic lavas. These alkali basalt, calc-alkaline, and adakitic lavas all show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and show negative Nb–Ta anomalies with high Th/Zr, which suggest involvement of subducted slab melts in their petrogenesis. Our proposal is subduction of hot oceanic ridge before collision and later melting of the hot oceanic slab beneath Dokhan even after collision event.
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A Comparison of Embryonic and Mature Volcanic Passive Margins. Main Ethiopian Rift vs North Atlantic Margins. - England, Robert E.; Cornwell, David G.; Maguire, P. K. H. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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The first recorded surface rupture in southern Africa: the 22 February 2006 M 7.0 Machaze, Mozambique, earthquake - Fenton, Clark (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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Learning the master's trade: Apprenticeship and human capital in Ghana - Frazer, Garth (Journal of Development Economics, 2006)
This paper explores the institution of apprenticeship in Ghana. A model is presented where apprenticeship training is idiosyncratic, increasing an individual's productivity in the current firm, but not in any other firm. Still, individuals are willing to fund apprenticeships as they can reap the returns to the specific training of apprenticeship if they manage to acquire the capital required to start their own firms, and replicate the technology and business practice of the apprenticeship firm. Predictions of the model for the productivity and remuneration of different workers are developed and tested using both a linked employer–employee survey of manufacturing firms and a national household survey.
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Effectiveness of the blended supervision model: a case study of student teachers learning to teach in high schools of Zimbabwe - Gadzirayi, C. T.; Muropa, B.C.; Mutandwa, E (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2006)
The main idea behind this research work was to come up with a model of studentsâ€™ supervision that emancipates the student teacher and simultaneously makes the student feel that he/she has a chance given to him to learn how to teach. The study was premised on making the students work collaboratively with the mentor, fellow students, college/university tutors using the â€œblended modelâ€. The model was tried through a cyclical pre-lesson discussion, observations during the lesson and discussions after the lesson. The method used to operationalize this model was not a straight jacket since the researchers could start from any point in the cycle. It was found out that the blended model to teaching and learning instills self-confidence in the teacher. It urges the student to try out own theories about learning and teaching. The blended model can be adopted as an alternative approach to supervision.
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HIV/AIDS and disability: a pilot survey of HIV/AIDS knowledge among a deaf population in Swaziland - Groce, Nora; Yousafzai, Aisha K.; Dlamini, Phindile; Zalud, Sarah; Wirz, Shelia (International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2006)
This study sought to establish whether there were measurable differences in the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS between hearing individuals and individuals who identified themselves as deaf sign language users in Swaziland. A cross-sectional survey of 191 rural and urban hearing and deaf adults was undertaken in Swaziland in December 2003. A structured questionnaire was administered, seeking to establish whether there were statistically significant differences between hearing and deaf populations in their level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS symptoms, transmission and prevention, as well as differences in sources of information about HIV/AIDS. Additional questions were asked regarding whether there were differences in accessibility of HIV testing services and HIV/AIDS-related healthcare for the two groups. Significant differences in levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS were identified between the hearing and deaf respondents. The deaf population was significantly more likely (P<0.05) to believe in incorrect modes of HIV transmission (e.g. hugging and airborne transmission) and HIV prevention (e.g. avoiding sharing utensils and eating healthy foods). Almost all of the deaf respondents (99%) reported difficulties in communicating with healthcare facility staff, which may result in less use of HIV voluntary counseling and testing services. This paper reports the results of this study, and discusses the need for targeted HIV/AIDS education campaigns and improved accessibility in healthcare facilities for deaf sign language users in countries such as Swaziland.
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The Relationship Among Support, Ethnic Identity, Career Decision Self-Efficacy, and Outcome Expectations in African American High School Students - Gushue, George V.; Whitson, Melissa L. (Journal of Career Development, 2006)
This study examines the influence of two potential sources of strength (i.e., ethnic identity and parent/teacher support) on the cognitive variables of career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations in a sample of 104 African American ninth-grade students. The results indicate that parental support is positively related to career decision self-efficacy and teacher support is positively related to career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations. No relationship is found between ethnic identity and either self-efficacy or outcome expectations. The findings confirm the importance of considering contextual supports in career counseling and education. Limitations, implications for counseling, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Mapping space, conflict and identity. Alternative education and art examples from Israel-Palestine - Hansen, Anders Høg (Glocal Times, 2006)
In this article, the author addresses the negotiation and ‘gestaltung’ of space, identity and memory among Jewish and Palestinian Arab youth in alternative conflict education projects in Israel. Various pedagogic devices brought into play at a particular project at the educational centre Givat Haviva are discussed, as well as activities and spontaneous incidents besides the formal programme.
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Restoring the chambo in Southern Malawi: Learning from the past or re-inventing the wheel? - Hara, Mafaniso (Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2006)
Chambo is an important fish to Malawi's economy and to the livelihoods of local people in the southern end of Lake Malawi. Overexploitation of the chambo has been a source of concern since the 1930s. The biological and economic collapse of the fishery in Lake Malombe and the Upper Shire River in the early 1990s, and growing evidence in recent years of its decline in the Southeast Arm of Lake Malawi (the major productive area for the species) have galvanised the Government of Malawi into making an attempt to restore the chambo to former levels of production. This paper argues that while the proposed solutions for restoring the chambo might be well intentioned, they nevertheless ignore existing knowledge and scholarship about fisheries management in African freshwater lakes gathered over the last six decades. A body of knowledge on the biological and scientific basis for regulating the chambo already exists. The missing link is an understanding and appreciation of the social, economic, political and institutional drivers on exploitation patterns of the chambo. Future management solutions must be based on the collective concerns of all potential users. More specifically, such solutions should be cognisant of local knowledge, fishers' experiences and the way they view and define their problems. If these are disregarded, finding solutions to the enormous challenge of restoring chambo stocks to their former status will be as difficult as grappling in the dark.
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In-Situ Stress State at the Proximity of the Rupture Zone of an M2.2 Earthquake in Tautona Mine, South Africa - Heesakkers, V.; Lucier, Amie; Murphy, S.; Zoback, Mark D.; Reches, Z. (AGUFM, 2006)
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LIBRARIES AS A TOOL FOR EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE. Exploring the situation of school libraries in post-apartheid South Africa - Hell, Maud (Glocal Times, 2006)
The role of school libraries in enhancing education and promoting reading, different kinds of literacies and democracy can be essential in the development of a new society. In 1994, South Africa held its first democratic election ever. In 1997, in line with the newly adopted constitution, a national policy for school libraries was proposed. This article explores the situation of school libraries in the country based on research developed in two schools in Gauteng and Western Cape.
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Experimental findings of teaching the case method to educators in French Western Africa - Hermant, Jacques (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2006)
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Orientation on Library Use for New Students, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria - Igun, Stella E.; Adogbeji, Oghenevwogaga Benson (Library Hi Tech News, 2006)
Purpose To provide a core library instruction and orientation program for new students entering Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. Design methodology/approach How to communicate with new students who have a variety of backgrounds when they enter the campus about navigating their way around the University Library. A course design is described that is content intensive about core library information. Findings Great utility for new students to the campus and reinforces the variety of library services and programs and resources with which they should be familiar as they pursue an academic course of study. Originality/value Shows that use of the web can help provide this information and create a way for library staff to update sources.
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Occupational exposures and infection control among students in Nigerian dental schools. - Il, Utomi (PubMed, 2006)
To assess the incidence of occupational exposures to body fluids and infection control practices among students in Nigerian dental schools.A self-administered questionnaire survey of 112 students from three Nigerian dental schools.57 (50.9%) of the students had experienced one or more occupational exposures in the previous six months. There was no statistically significant association between year group and reported number of exposures (p > 0,05). There was also no statistically significant association between sex and reported number of exposures (p > 0.05). 50.7% of the exposures were percutaneous injuries, 26.1% splatter of saliva and 23.2% splatter of aerosol. Percutaneous injuries were most frequently caused by scalers (42.9%) and needlesticks (37.1%) Most incidents occurred during scaling (37.7%),use of dental handpiece (21.7%) and cleaning of instruments (18.8%). 96.4% of the exposures were not reported. Only 36.6% of the students were immunized against Hepatitis B. None of those immunized had been post-screened for seroconversion. The routine use of gloves, masks and protective eyewear was reported by 87.5%, 65.5% and 17% of students respectively.This study indicates a high rate of exposure to body fluids and low compliance with infection control guidelines. There is a need for interventions to improve safe work practices, hepatitis B vaccination, HBV post-immunization serology and use of protective barriers. Also appropriate policies and procedures are needed for reporting and managing exposures.
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The Overrepresentation of African Americans in Special Education Programs: A Literature Review. - Jackson, Clarence H.; Wilson, Carolyn H. (2006)
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Sexual behavioral pattern among students in Jos, Nigeria - James, A DeCaprio; Ekwempu, Ada; Aigbokhae, Itohan; Ukatu, Nneka; Ujah, James (Retrovirology, 2006)
Background With the prevalence of HIV infection being highest among young people, it is becoming important to find ways and means of motivating adolescents to take the threat of the infection seriously and approach their sexuality with a lot of responsibility. In many countries, sexually active adolescents are at high risk of HIV infection. For both biological and social reasons, adolescent girls often have the highest HIV incidence. This study attempted to explore the sexual behavior of students in secondary schools, their awareness about HIV/AIDS and preventive measures; especially the use of condom.
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Teacher attitude towards inclusive education: Survey of selected regular schools in the Cape Coast municipality of Ghana - Jnr., Ackah; Raymond, Francis (2006)
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A Cost Analysis of Training Expenses versus the Value of Medical Care Provided during West Africa Training Cruise 2004: Senegal - Johnson, Norman L.; Livingston, Martin J.; Novak, Thomas S. (Military medicine (Print), 2006)
A medical civic assistance program (MEDCAP) visit was conducted by naval reservists in eight villages in Senegal, West Africa. More than 6,000 patients were treated by MEDCAP team members. Medical and dental care, eyeglasses, vitamins, medications, educational material, and mass casualty training were provided. Major challenges confronting the mission were to provide care in makeshift clinics in remote villages in an arduous sub-Saharan climate, where more than one-half of the population lacks adequate public health funding to address basic medical and dental needs. To estimate the economic costs and benefits of the mission, as a guide to future planning, we calculated the total costs of the mission and its economic benefits. Total costs were found to be $502,500. We estimated that the monetary value of the medical services provided was $730,090. Additional nonquantifiable value was created through training and development of military and professional partnerships. In a post-September 11 world, the MEDCAP is an important and cost-effective vehicle to advance U.S. foreign policy in a nonthreatening manner. Countless lasting friendships can be won with bandages and medicines.
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Local Earthquake Magnitude Scale and Seismicity Rate for the Ethiopian Rift - Keir, Derek; Stuart, G. W.; Jackson, Andrew; Ayele, Atalay (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2006)
A calibrated local earthquake magnitude scale is essential for quantitative analyses of seismicity.In Ethiopia, effective monitoring of earthquakes and resulting assessment of seismic hazard are especially important as regions with seismic and volcanic activity coincide with regions of economic significance and population growth.We have developed a local magnitude (M L ) scale for the northern Main Ethiopian rift (MER) using earthquake data collected during 2001-2003 on 122 three-component broadband seismic stations.Waveform data from 2139 local earthquakes were corrected for instrument response and convolved with the nominal Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph response appropriate for the original definition of local magnitude.The hypocentral distances considered are 5 to 800 km, with the best represented range from 5 to 150 km.A total of 30,908 maximum zero-to-peak amplitudes (A WA ) were incorporated into a direct linear inversion for individual earthquake local magnitudes (M L ), 244 station factors (C), and 2 linear distance-dependent factors (n, K) in the distance correction term, log (A o ), of the equation for local magnitude: M L ‫ס‬ log(A WA ) ‫מ‬ log(A o ) ‫ם‬ C. The resulting distance correction is given by ‫מ‬log(A o ) ‫ס‬ 1.196997log(r/17) ‫ם‬ 0.001066(r ‫מ‬ 17) ‫ם‬ 2, which implies that ground-motion attenuation is relatively high, consistent with ongoing magma intrusion and the presence of shallow magma reservoirs beneath the MER.Station corrections significantly reduce M L residuals and range between ‫24.0ע‬ M L units.The catalog of earthquakes is complete above M L ϳ2.1 and the annual cumulative seismicity rate follows the relation log N ‫ס‬ 4.5 ‫מ‬ 1.13 M L .Our results are critical for accurate routine quantitative analysis of past, current and, future seismicity in Ethiopia.
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Integrated watershed management : a South African case study : the challenge : particular focus areas : water, climate change, soil, mountains and energy - Kidd, Michael (South African Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 2006)
The 1992 Dublin Statement principles o f sustainable water management, w hich are somewhat vague, have been developed by an expert on w ater management, Peter Gleick. A further consideration is that of transboundary watershed management.
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Factors influencing access to, and utilization of HIV Aids Services by Persons with Disabilities in Kericho District, Kenya - Kipng'etich, Tororei Samuel (2006)
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Hurricane Katrina's Impact on African Americans' and European Americans' Endorsement of the Protestant Work Ethic - Levy, Sheri R.; Freitas, Antonio L.; Mendoza‐Denton, Rodolfo; Kugelmass, Heather (Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2006)
The Protestant work ethic (PWE), the belief that hard work leads to success, is a quintessentially American belief. The present research addresses a critical gap in psychological research on PWE: can a single, large‐scale sociopolitical event (government's response to Hurricane Katrina) produce changes in PWE? We review evidence showing that the salience of Katrina led to a reduction in African Americans' (not European Americans') endorsement of PWE and that this result appears explained by African Americans' greater belief in the government's inadequate response to Katrina victims, who were predominately African American. The implications of differential endorsement of PWE for future expectations of societal treatment, motivation to pursue important goals, and willingness to endorse structural corrections of inequality are discussed.
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The characterisation of South African sea storms - MacHutchon, Keith (2006)
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Temperature-dependent sex determination in the Nile Crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus, in the Okavango river, Botswana, and the effect of global climate change - Maciejewski, Kristine (2006)
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Physique and Physical Fitness of Rural South African Primary School Netball Players and Non-netball Players: Ellisras Longitudinal Study - Makgae, P.J.; Motlokoa, G. L.; Mashita, R. J.; Monyeki, KD (Asian journal of physical education and recreation, 2006)
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The aim of this study was to investigate physique and fitness level of primary school netball players and non-net ball players. A total of 426 primary school children (138 netball players and 288 non-netball players) who are part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study participated in the study. Height, weight, skinfolds measurements (triceps, subscapular, supraspinale and medial calf) girth measurements (arm flexed and tensed and calf girth) and width measurements (femur and humerus) were measured according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The Heath-Carter method of somatotyping was used to determine the somatotype level of all the players. Fitness level of each subjects was obtained through the Eurofit (1988) and the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) (1980). Netball players dominated the mosomorphic ectomorph (25.9%) and Balance ectomorph (19.6%) while the non-netball players dominated the ectomorphic mesomorph (22.9%) and mesomorphic ectomorph (21.2%) category. The netball players performed significantly well in shuttle run (22.2 sd 1.6) and 22.7 sd 2.2) and 50m (9.5s sd 1.2 and 9.9 1.0) sprint as compared to non-netball players. Further research in the somatotype and fitness level of netball players in their different playing position and the Physical Education program of rural South African schools will yield valuable information for physical education teachers in assigning the players to the right position at an early age.本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區兒童參與投球活動的體格和體能。樣本來自426名小學生，分為投球組及非投球組，整體而言，投球組的兒童體質及體適能狀況較卓越。
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South African distance students’ accounts of learning in socio‐cultural context: a habitus analysis - Makoe, Mpine (Race Ethnicity and Education, 2006)
This study provides a framework for studying socio‐cultural issues that impact on how knowledge, ideas and values are transmitted and developed. Since racial domination in South Africa was produced through power relations, it is important to investigate discourses through which black South African distance education learners make meaning of their experiences as they learn, and how their social, economic and political context influences their understanding of learning. Distance education has been identified as the only feasible approach to meeting the education needs of a growing number of disadvantaged black students; however, it has been criticised for giving minimal support to its learners. The aim of the study is to contribute to the research into widening access to higher education, specifically for black South African students. Since the ideological function of apartheid was to perpetuate racial inequalities, Bourdieu’s habitus was used to enable us to explore students’ social formations and social locations; intra and interpersonal struggles; and relationships between students, community and institutions. The findings suggest that students’ understanding of learning was by and large influenced by the social and cultural environment in which they grew up; their level of education; and their construal of self in relation to the community.
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Water Resource Availability in Three Catchments of Swaziland under Expected Climate Change - Matondo, Jonathan I.; Msibi, Kenneth M. (Water International, 2006)
Abstract The greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) concentrations in the atmosphere have increased very much since the industrial revolution. The greenhouse gas effect has been projected to cause a global average temperature increase on the order of 1.4 to 5.8°C over the period of 1990 to 2100. The global average annual precipitation is projected to increase during the 21st century due to the greenhouse effect. The impact of climate change on hydrology and water resources in the three catchments of Swaziland (Komati, Mbuluzi and Ngwavuma) has been evaluated using General Circulation Model results (rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, air temperature etc.) as inputs to a rainfall runoff model. Three General Circulation Models (GCMs) namely: Canadian Climate Change Equilibrium (CCC-EQ); Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and United Kingdom Transient Resilient (UKTR) were found appropriate for use to project the temperature and precipitation changes for Swaziland for year 2075. This information was used to generate the temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration values for the three catchments for year 2075 which was input into a calibrated WatBall rainfall runoff model. Simulation results without taking into consideration of water use projections show that there will be high flows during the summer months but low flows during the winter months. Simulation results after taking into consideration of water use projections show a water deficit from June to September in both the Komati, and Ngwavuma catchments and a water deficit from May to September in the Mbuluzi catchment. This means that the environmental water needs and Swaziland's water release obligation in the three catchments to South Africa and Mozambique will not be met during the winter months under expected climate change conditions.
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Africanising The School Curriculum: A Case for Zimbabwe - Mavhunga, Pharaoh Joseph (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2006)
This paper argues that the school curricula in post-colonial African states have remained largely irrelevant to the needs of indigenous people. In spite of the tinkering with die curricula after the attainment of political independence in the name of educational reform, the fundamentals seem to have remained intact. Hence, observations have been made that the education systems continue to churn out Africans deeply rooted in Western ideals, norms, values, beliefs and knowledge systems that alienate them from mainstream African ways of life. Africans who trek to Western capitals to provide cheap labour under near slave conditions that could best be described in Mungazi’s (1991) words as ‘hewers of wood and drawers of water ’. Among those that have remained at home, there has emerged an African elite that has been assimilated into Western ways of life. The products of the school systems in Africa today, it is argued, have no identity. They are neither African nor European. In Zimbabwe such youths are termed ‘salads’, meaning people of no identity. The same can be said of most other African countries that were subjected to colonialism in the past and neocolonialism today, under the vague and obscure concept of globalization. Against this background, this paper advocates for re-engineering of the school curriculum by incorporating some indigenous knowledge systems rooted in African culture that have proved to meet the needs of the Africans over time.
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Childhood sexual abuse among university students in Tanzania - McCrann, Denis; Lalor, Kevin; Katabaro, Joviter (Child Abuse & Neglect, 2006)
Objectives: There are no prevalence data for childhood sexual abuse among Tanzanian university students. This investigation addressed this paucity. The nature of sexual abuse was also investigated. Method: Participants (N = 487) from a university in Tanzania completed a questionnaire which assessed abusive childhood sexual experiences, gathering information about age of victim, duration of abuse, perpetrators, amount of force or persuasion involved, and potential causes of child sexual abuse. A number of individuals were also interviewed about their experiences. Results: The overall prevalence rate for child sexual abuse was 27.7%, with rates being higher for females than for males. The average age of the victim when abuse occurred was 13.8 years. Perpetrators were generally unidentified by respondents; nonetheless, a surprisingly high proportion of female perpetrators was noted. There was a considerable amount of force or persuasion involved in the abusive behavior: betrayal of trust, bribes and physical force were cited frequently. Poverty and superstition were the primary explanations given for child sexual abuse. Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the existence of child sexual abuse in Tanzania. Poverty feeds the “sugar daddy/mammy” phenomenon and combined with various forms of superstition is an important factor in child sexual abuse in Tanzania.
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Haematological and biochemical morbidity of schistosoma haematobium in school children in Sudan. - Mohammed, Elagba H. A.; Eltayeb, Mohamed M.; Ibrahim, Hikmat (PubMed, 2006)
To determine the prevalence and intensity of infection with schistosomiasis among school children and to evaluate the efficacy of praziquantel in normalizing the levels of some haematological and biochemical blood constituents.A total of 346 school children, aged 7-13 years, from El-Kriab primary school, near the El-Seleit irrigation scheme east of Khartoum, Sudan, were screened for schistosomiasis. All 136 children infected with Schistosoma haematobium and/or S. mansoni were clinically investigated and treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight).In 74% out of 97 children infected with S. haematobium the egg count exceeded 500 eggs/10 ml of urine and they had high level of eosinophilia and leukocyte counts, high globulin and calcium levels and low potassium. The serum total proteins, globulins, albumin and urea showed statistically significant differences between control and patients and between patients before and after treatment, although the levels were within the normal reference range. Praziquantel treatment was highly effective as proved by a (58%) cure rate, a (98%) reduction in egg count and normalization of the examined blood parameters six weeks post-treatment.Infection with S. haematobium influenced the normal levels of certain blood constituents and treatment with praziquantel normalized the physiological conditions. According to WHO guidelines, regular mass treatment with praziquantel and health education are recommended as part of the primary health care programme in areas of hight prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection.
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Menstruation: Symptoms, Management and Attitude of Female Nursing Students in Ibadan, Nigeria / Menstruation: Symptômes, prise en charge et attitudes des élèves infirmières à Ibadan, Nigéria - Moronkola, O. A.; Uzuegbu, V. U. (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2006)
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Continuity and progression in science curricula from the primary school to the secondary school in Masvingo District in Zimbabwe - Moyo, Partson Virira; Nyikahadzoyi, Maroni Runesu (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2006)
A ZJER article on establishing meaningful relationship to both primary and secondary school science curriculum.
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Effects of Climate Change on Indigenous Livelihoods: The Case of Recurrent Droughts among Nomadic Pastoralist of Southeastern Kenya - Mwangi, Margaret; Desanker, Paul V. (AGUFM, 2006)
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Colonial heritage and the dimensions of Kenyan education: The case of Kikamba schools - Mweti, Chang'aa (2006)
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Colonial heritage and the dimensions of Kenyan education: The case of Kikamba schools - Mweti, Chang'aa (2006)
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Teacher-Community Cooperation to Promote Sustainability of Wetlands in Kenya - Ndaruga, Ayub Macharia; Irwin, Pat (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
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Lessons from an Experiential Learning Process: The Case of Cowpea Farmer Field Schools in Ghana - Nederlof, E. Suzanne; Odonkor, Ezekiehl N. (The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2006)
Abstract The Farmer Field School (FFS) is a form of adult education using experiential learning methods, aimed at building farmers’ decision-making capacity and expertise. The National Research Institute in West Africa conducted FFS in cowpea cultivation and we use this experience to analyse the implementation of the FFS approach. How does it work in practice? The curriculum deployed is compared to the ‘principles’ for FFS curricula. We assessed the impact of the FFS on the implementation process of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in farmers’ crop management. The appreciation of different stakeholders is also recorded. The analysis shows that the FFS was used as a tool to transfer messages, rather than to foster experiential learning among farmers. The article seeks to analyse the reasons for this shift in objectives and concludes that the way in which the FFS approach was applied in the case of the cowpea project did not allow optimal benefits to be derived from IPM practices.
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Islam in Egyptian Education: Grades K–12 - Neill, Charlotte M. (Religious Education, 2006)
Abstract This article explores the important role that the religion of Islam plays in the education of Egyptian children. The scrutiny under which the Islamic world finds itself in the after-math of September 11, 2001 has resulted in calls for educational reform, not only from the outside world, but also from the Muslim world itself. The author has a personal interest in the educational reform debate in Egypt as she has two granddaughters who attend a private Christian school in Cairo. Research for the article is grounded in direct interviews of students, teachers, and parents during a 5-month stay as well as analysis of Arabic and social studies textbooks. This study reveals that while education of children in Egypt is essentially Islamic, the question is: What kind of Islam will prevail? Will it be the Islam of the moderate Islamists who see the purpose of education to be the advancement of the ideals of Islam above all other concerns? Or will it be the Islam of Egyptian President, Hosni Mubarak, and his government, which promotes national unity and non-sectarian ethics? In this article the author gives a brief review of early Arab education, surveys challenges in Egyptian education today, discusses ways in which the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is attempting to help reform education in Egypt, and, finally, focuses on students and teachers at New Ramses College in Cairo and how they are handling some of the challenges.
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Actor/Actant-Network Theory as Emerging Methodology for Environmental Education Research in Southern Africa - Nhamo, Godwell (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
This paper deliberates on actor/actant-network theory (AANT) as methodology for policy research in  environmental education (EE). Insights are drawn from work that applied AANT to research environmental  policy processes surrounding the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s Plastic Bags Regulations of 2003. The paper reveals that the application of AANT methodology made it possible to trace relationships,  actors, actants and actor/actant-networks surrounding the Plastic Bags Regulations as quasi-object (token). The methodology also enabled a focus on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses  emerging from the policy process. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether to use the command and control approach – preferred by Organised Government – or self regulation – preferred by Organised Business and Organised Labour). From these findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up as identified around key actors and actor/actant-networks. The conceptual frameworks included among them, Organised Government, Organised Business and Organised Labour.
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Perceived constraints to physical activity among students at paramedical institutions in Uganda : health promotion, fitness and wellness - Nizeyimana, Eugene; Phillips, Julie (2006)
In the developing world, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, physical inactivity along with tobacco use, poor diet and nutrition are increasingly parts of today's lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of physical activity, and to investigate perceived constraints to physical activity among students in paramedical institutions in Uganda. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from the literature was administered to 400 students. The results indicated that 59% of participants were classified as physically active and 41% as sedentary. Males were significantly more active than females. For male participants, lack of the right equipment to exercise and wanting to do other things in their free time were perceived as the major constraints to physical activity. For female participants, lack of motivation and tiredness after exercise were perceived as the major constraints to physical activity. Thus, recommendations to eliminate these specific constraints and increase physical activity of paramedical institution students are offered. The findings of this study demonstrate that there is an influence of socio-demographic characteristics on participation in physical activity and perceived constraints to physical activity. The findings further indicate the need of health promotion intervention aiming at promoting physical activity among paramedical institution students in Uganda.
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Teacher Training and the English Language in Uganda - Norton, Bonny; Tembe, Juliet (TESOL Quarterly, 2006)
TESOL QuarterlyVolume 40, Issue 4 p. 857-860 Teacher Training and the English Language in Uganda BONNY NORTON, BONNY NORTON University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorJULIET TEMBE, JULIET TEMBE Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Juliet Tembe is a lecturer in the Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda, where she is active in English language teacher education. She is also a PhD candidate in the Department of Language and Literacy Education at the University of British Columbia in Canada.Search for more papers by this author BONNY NORTON, BONNY NORTON University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorJULIET TEMBE, JULIET TEMBE Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Juliet Tembe is a lecturer in the Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda, where she is active in English language teacher education. She is also a PhD candidate in the Department of Language and Literacy Education at the University of British Columbia in Canada.Search for more papers by this author First published: 04 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.2307/40264317Citations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Government white paper on education: Policy Review Commission report. (1992). Kampala: Uganda Government Printers. Iyamu, O. S., & Aduwa, S. E. (2005). On the mother tongue medium of instruction policy: Curriculum innovation and the challenges of implementation in Nigeria. Language in India, 5, 1–16. Kyeyune, R. (2003). Challenges of using English as a medium of instruction in multilingual contexts: A view from Ugandan classrooms. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 16(2), 173–184. Muthwii, M. (2001). Language policy and practices in education in Kenya and Uganda: Perceptions of parents, pupils and teachers on the use of mother tongue, Kiswahili and English in primary schools. Nairobi, Kenya: Phoenix Publishers. Odaet, C. F. (1990). Implementing education policies in Uganda. Washington, DC: World Bank. K. Parry (Ed.) (2000). Language and literacy in Uganda: Towards a sustainable reading culture. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers. Ssebunga, C. M. (1999). Potential sources of comprehension difficulties in school science texts. The Uganda Education Journal, 2, 71–84. Ssekamwa, J. C. (2000). History and development of education in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers. Citing Literature Volume40, Issue4December 2006Pages 857-860 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Cameroon Volcanic Line From Preliminary Body-wave Tomography - Nyblade, A.; Larson, A. M.; Weins, D.; Tibi, Rigobert; Shore, P.; Euler, G. G.; Park, Y. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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Menstruation: symptoms, management and attitude of female nursing students in Ibadan, Nigeria. - Oa, Moronkola; Vu, Uzuegbu (PubMed, 2006)
This study surveyed 120 student nurses from two schools of nursing in Ibadan, Nigeria to assess the symptoms experienced during menstruation, attitude towards and management of menstruation. The student nurses overall mean age at menarche was 14 years, average duration of menstrual period was five days and mean of menstrual cycle was 28 days. Out of the 120 study participants, 93% were having menstruation regularly. More participants experienced symptoms during premenstrual periods than menstrual periods. Majority (70%) used sanitary pad to manage their menstruation, 93% had positive attitude towards menstruation while only 20% consulted medical doctors whenever they experienced menstrual symptoms. Paracetamol was the drug of choice for many of the participants whenever they experienced menstrual symptoms It was recommended that authorities in schools of nursing should not overlook reproductive health needs of students. Also teaching of reproductive health education early in primary and secondary schools should be encouraged.
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An Assessment of the Disease Burden of Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Attending a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria - Ogbera, Anthonia O; Fasanmade, O.A; Ohwovoriole, A.E; Adediran, Olufemi Olusola (The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2006)
The major part of the burden of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) is their impaired quantity and quality of life. This is due to acute and chronic complications of which diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) takes the greatest toll. Most studies on the disease burden of DFU were carried out in developed countries, and to date, no indigenous study has addressed the burden of foot ulceration in Nigerians with DM. This study attempted to determine the disease burden of this important DM complication. The study was carried out at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. The working definition of disease burden encompassed prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and the direct economic costs of diabetes mellitus foot syndrome (DMFS). For determination of the estimates of prevalence, the “capture-recapture” and intensive case-counting methods were used, mortality and morbidity were determined from records of admissions, and associated deaths over a 3-year period (1998-2000). The direct economic costs of foot ulceration were derived from the costs incurred from in-patient days, tests, drugs/medications, surgery, and other miscellaneous units of services. The total number of people with DM seen in LUTH from 1998 to 2000 was 1500, the hospital prevalence of DFU using the capture-recapture method being 9.5%. A total of 7253 medical admissions were made in this 3-year period, and of this number 827 (11.4%) were DM related. DFU-related admissions were 97 in number, and this made up 1.3% and 11.7% of the total medical and diabetes admissions, respectively. During this period, a total of 61 lower limb amputations were carried out and 26 (42.6%) of these were DM related. The proportion of medical deaths due to DMFS deaths was greater than the proportion of medical admissions due to DFU (P = .007). The case fatality of individuals with DFU was ∼53%. A total number of 20 patients with DM foot ulcers were hospitalized during a 1-year period of the study (2003-2004). The majority had type 2 DM. A large majority (65%) of these patients had some form of surgery in addition to medical management of their condition. Mean costs for successfully treating a patient with DMFS was Nigerian Naira (NGN) 180 581.60. The total costs incurred ranged from NGN 20 400.00 to NGN 278 029.00. Drugs or medications accounted for the majority of the total costs incurred by the patients (46.9%).
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Memory and perceptuo-motor performance in Nigerians with chronic renal impairment. - Ogunrin, AO; Unuigbe, EI; Azubuike, Chuks (PubMed, 2006)
With the increasing prevalence of chronic renal failure among the indigenous African population, coupled with the emphasis on improvement in the quality of life, there is a need for reports on the cognitive functioning and the effect of the disease on the cognitive performance of affected individuals.Sixty consecutive non-dialyzed Nigerian patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of chronic renal failure and sixty healthy age-, sex- and education level-matched controls (volunteers) were studied using an automated neuro-psychological test battery (FePsy) to assess their memory and perceptuo-motor skills.The chronic renal failure patients performed worse in both verbal and visual memory than controls (p<0.0001). The patients compared favorably with the controls on concentration ability (p>0.05), but their perceptuo-motor speed was retarded (p<0.001). The levels of creatinine (p<0.01) and urea (p<0.01) and the presence of hypertension (p<0.05), asterixis (p<0.05), exertional dyspnea (p<0.05), and vomiting (p<0.05) affected their memory performance, with creatinine level being the most potent variable (p=0.0015).The results of this study confirm the presence of cognitive impairments in Nigerians with chronic renal impairment and buttress the importance of its aggressive and prompt management.
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The surgeon and the management of ulcerative colitis: experience from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. - Ohanaka, CE; Njoku, T (PubMed, 2006)
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Study processes of first year clinical students of the College Of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. - Olapade-Olaopa, E.O.; Otegbayo, Jesse Abiodun; Dania, Samara Rahma; Soyannwo, Olaitan; Adeniyi, F. A. A. (PubMed, 2006)
Students adopt several learning approaches towards achieving the perceived goal of passing their prescribed examinations. This study was carried out to determine the study processes being used by medical students of the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan on arrival at the Faculty of Clinical Sciences. One hundred and sixty five first year clinical students were studied using the modified 'Biggs' Study Process Questionnaire. Additional questions to identify local factors that would contribute to the learning were also included. There were 143 respondents (87% of the study population). The predominant study pattern among the students was the deep approach (63%). The achieving and superficial approaches were used by 8% and 29% of the students respectively. Additional analysis showed that 68%, 31% and 1% had 'good', 'average' and poor learning capacities respectively. Self interest was the principal reason why the students chose medicine as a career. Most students (76%) preferred lectures to tutorials, and only 30% found out extra information about topics taught frequently. Thirty-nine percent of the study cohort saw their teachers as role models, and 76% intended to travel abroad after graduation. Majority of 1st year clinical students of the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan adopted a deep approach to learning and have a good capacity to learn. However, most do not employ self-directed learning strategies and do not see their teachers as role models. The majority intend to travel abroad upon graduation.
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Evaluation of outpatient paediatric drug prescriptions in a teaching hospital in Nigeria for rational prescribing - Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Chukwura, H A; Ojo, O I (Paediatric and Perinatal Drug Therapy, 2006)
The prescriptions of children aged < 12 years who had attended the paediatric outpatient clinic between January and May 2006 were studied retrospectively. A total of 1944 prescriptions were analysed after excluding those that were illegible. 7146 drugs were prescribed and the numbers of drugs prescribed per patient per visit were between 1 and 8 with a mean value of 3.7. Injections were prescribed for 349 (18.0%) patients and artemether 144 (41.3%) was the most frequently prescribed injection.
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The effectiveness of schools-based National Arbor Week activities in greening of urban homesteads: A case study of Grahamstown, South Africa - Parkin, Fiona; Shackleton, Charlie M.; Schudel, Ingrid (Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2006)
Arbor Day, or Week, is a well-established greening initiative worldwide, focusing on tree planting and the benefits thereof. Frequently most effort is targeted at institutions such as schools and community groups. Yet there has been limited assessment of the success of Arbor Day, or Week, activities both at the schools, or the wider dissemination in neighbouring communities and suburbs. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of school-based Arbor Week activities on learners’ home-based practices regarding tree planting and urban forestry. Learners from three schools in Grahamstown South Africa, with good Arbor Week participation, were assessed on their tree planting knowledge. The learners’ parents were also interviewed to determine whether the information obtained by the learners at school was taken home. A control group consisting of people with no children or very young children was also assessed. This study found that Arbor Week activities were, for the most part, successfully taught in the case study schools, and most of the learners stated that their knowledge of trees and their benefits came from their school activities. However, many learners could not remember the activities in which their schools partook the previous year. Whilst most learners were aware of the importance of trees, few had encouraged tree planting at home. However, over one-fifth of adults claimed that their knowledge of the benefits of trees was as a consequence of Arbor Day activities when they were young. Numerous constraints to tree planting were provided by learners and both the adult groups, the two most frequent being limited space and falling leaves making their yards untidy. External organisations should become more actively involved and provide much needed support systems if greening initiatives are to reach the wider community.
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Interactions Between Vegetation and the Dynamics of the West African Monsoon: A Mechanism for Abrupt Climate Change in the Sahel and Sahara - Patricola, Christina M.; Cook, Kerry H. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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Acceptance of HIV testing among African-American college students at a historically black university in the south. - Payne, Nanetta; Beckwith, Curt G.; Davis, Melvin; Flanigan, Timothy P.; Simmons, Emma; Crockett, Kathy; Ratcliff, Tanya M; Brown, Larry K.; Sly, Kaye (PubMed, 2006)
Routine HIV testing on college campuses has the potential to increase students' awareness of their HIV status. Testing targeted only at persons reporting HIV risk behaviors will not identify infected persons who may deny or be unaware of their risk. Thus, this study sought to investigate the acceptability of rapid HIV testing among African-American college students in a nontraditional setting on a historically black college/university (HBCU) campus.A cross-sectional survey on risk behaviors, barriers to testing, and HIV testing history was administered to 161 African-American college students at an HBCU. All approached students (both those participating and not) were offered free HIV rapid testing.Eighty-one African-American college students consented to be tested for HIV and all tested negative. Results of the questionnaire indicated that African-American college students engage in risky sexual behaviors (such as unprotected sex) yet perceive themselves as at little or no risk. College students who reported past HIV testing often did so in conjunction with routine exams, such as annual pap smears, rather than specifically seeking HIV testing.Routine HIV testing on college campuses may be an important public health initiative in reducing the spread of HIV. Specifically, this strategy may provide a model for student access to HIV testing, particularly males and other students who may be less likely to seek HIV testing at traditional medical settings. These data supports expansion of routine testing programs directed at African-American college students.
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An African‐American woman with disabilities: the intersection of gender, race and disability - Petersen, Amy J. (Disability & Society, 2006)
This qualitative study explores the educational experiences of an African‐American adult woman with disabilities. The intersections of gender, race and disability are theorized through the lenses of disability, feminist and critical theory. Specifically, I address the following three questions. What are the experiences of an African‐American woman with disabilities in schools? How might these experiences be theorized? Do these experiences offer new ways of understanding oppression that may contribute to empowering individuals labeled with multiple, intersecting identities?
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Relationship of sociocultural factors and academic self‐esteem to school grades and school disengagement in North African French adolescents - Régner, Isabelle; Loose, Florence (British Journal of Social Psychology, 2006)
The present study was designed to provide an integrated understanding of school grades and psychological disengagement among ethnic minority students. For that purpose, perceived parental involvement, acculturation orientations, and ethnic identity were simultaneously investigated in order to discover their respective contribution to grades among these students. Additionally, it was tested whether academic self‐esteem mediated the relationship between grades and psychological disengagement. North African French junior high‐school students completed a questionnaire assessing their ethnic identity, acculturation orientations, perceptions of parental involvement, academic self‐esteem and trend toward the devaluing and discounting facets of psychological disengagement. Their grades in the main courses were obtained from the school records. Although perceived parental involvement displayed the strongest contribution to grades, acculturation orientations and ethnic identity still predicted grades, after controlling for parental involvement. Academic self‐esteem mediated the influence of grades on both facets of disengagement, while this pattern was less clear for the devaluing process.
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Neonatal isolation impairs neurogenesis in thedentate gyrus of the guinea pig - Rizzi, Simona; Bianchi, Patrizia; Guidi, Sandra; Ciani, Elisabetta; Bartesaghi, Renata (Hippocampus, 2006)
In the current study we examined the effects of early isolation rearing on cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in the dentate gyrus of the guinea pig. Animals were assigned to either a standard (control) or an isolated environment a few days after birth (P5-P6), taking advantage of the precocious independence from maternal care of the guinea pig. On P14-P17 animals received one daily bromodeoxyuridine injection, to label dividing cells, and were sacrificed either on P18, to evaluate cell proliferation or on P45, to evaluate cell survival and differentiation. In P18 isolated animals we found a reduced cell proliferation (-35%) compared to controls and a lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Though in absolute terms P45 isolated animals had less surviving cells, they showed no differences in survival rate and phenotype percent distribution compared to controls. Looking at the location of the new neurons, we found that while in control animals 76% of them had migrated to the granule cell layer, in isolated animals only 55% of the new neurons had reached this layer. Examination of radial glia cells of P18 and P45 animals by vimentin immunohistochemistry showed that in isolated animals radial glia cells were reduced in density and had less and shorter processes. Granule cell count revealed that P45 isolated animals had less (-42%) granule cells than controls. Results show that isolation rearing reduces hippocampal cell proliferation, likely by reducing BDNF expression and hampers migration of the new neurons to the granule cell layer, likely by altering density/morphology of radial glia cells. The large reduction in granule cell number following isolation rearing emphasizes the role of environmental cues as relevant modulators of neurogenesis.
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An Independent Student Press: Three Case Studies from Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Aotearoa/New Zealand - Robie, David (Asia-Pacific Media Educator, 2006)
In spite of a relatively small but vibrant news media base, two South Pacific countries have been regional leaders in convergent publishing with both newspapers and online media as educational outcomes for student journalists. Universities in Fiji and Papua New Guinea have pioneered with various versions of an entrepreneurial and socially activist student press for three decades, including titles such as Uni Tavur (founded in 1975), Wansolwara (1996) and Liklik Diwai (1998). All three papers have strongly identified with a national development role. In 2003, Aotearoa/New Zealand's AUT University began publishing Te Waha Nui as a regular professional course publishing venture. It quickly established a niche with indigenous and diversity affairs coverage as an important strength. Using a problem-based learning (PBL) context, this article compares and contrasts the pedagogical challenges faced in all three countries in Oceania and outlines a media educational case for independent journalism school publishing.
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Mid- to late Holocene climate change in tropical Africa: regional patterns, rates, and timing - Russell, J. M. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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Cryptosporidium species: Preliminary descriptions of the prevalence and genotype distribution among school children and hospital patients in the Venda region, Limpopo Province, South Africa - Samie, Amidou; Bessong, Pascal; Obi, C.L.; Sevilleja, Jesus Emmanuel; Stroup, Suzanne; Houpt, Eric R.; Guerrant, Richard L. (Experimental Parasitology, 2006)
In the present study, the prevalence and species distribution of Cryptosporidium among school children and hospital patients in the Venda region of South Africa was determined. Real time PCR (qPCR) was used for initial screening to detect positive samples while a nested PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the species genotype. From a total of 244 stool samples tested, 44 (18%) had Cryptosporidium with no significant difference (chi(2)=0.04; P=0.841) between samples collected from patients attending hospitals 36/197 (18%) and the samples from primary schools 8/47 (17%). The age groups most affected were those from 2 to 5 years old (28.6%) and 50 to 59 years old (50.0%). Cryptosporidium was detected in 4 (12.5%) of the 31 HIV positive individuals. Fifty-seven percent of the Cryptosporidium positive samples were diarrheic and 26 (59.1%) had elevated lactoferrin content. C. hominis (82%) was more common than C. parvum (18%). This study has demonstrated the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in the Venda region and its implications in causing diarrhea and inflammation.
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Kinematics of the East African Rift from GPS and earthquake slip vector data - Saria, E.; Mbede, Evelyne; Stamps, D. S.; Hernández, Stephen; Calais, E.; Ebinger, C. J. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2006)
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Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa: A Historical Review. - Sehoole, Chika (Perspectives in Education, 2006)
Current debates on internationalisation are couched in relation to globalisation, and gives the impression that this phenomenon is new. There is also a tendency to discuss internationalisation in relation to various rationales, with economic rationales being dominant. This article challenges the assumption that internationalisation is something new and the notion that it is mainly driven by economic rationales. It argues that in colonial contexts, international education is as old as the advent of colonialism. In the context of South Africa international education is as old as the emergence of higher education in South Africa. Therefore current discussions on the role of international education as part of, or a response to globalisation, should also incorporate the role of international education in colonial conquest and perpetuation of segregation, failing which, discussions of internationalisation will be superficial and not do justice to the complex, divided and conflict-ridden nature of South African society.
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Christian Education and the African-American Spirituals: Recommended Resources - Smith, Yolanda Y. (Religious Education, 2006)
For years, I have looked to the African-American spirituals for wisdom in determining what to teach as well as how to approach creatively the subject matter at hand. This has been true not only for...
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Photo Capsules Ncoza C. Dlova, MBChB, FCDerm, Section Editor Department of Dermatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa - Studdiford, James; Stonehouse, Amber; Henry, Charlotte (Skinmed, 2006)
SKINmed: Dermatology for the ClinicianVolume 5, Issue 6 p. 295-295 Photo CapsulesNcoza C. Dlova, MBChB, FCDerm, Section EditorDepartment of Dermatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa James Studdiford MD, James Studdiford MD Jefferson Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PASearch for more papers by this authorAmber Stonehouse MD, Amber Stonehouse MD Jefferson Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PASearch for more papers by this authorCharlotte Henry MD, Charlotte Henry MD Jefferson Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PASearch for more papers by this author James Studdiford MD, James Studdiford MD Jefferson Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PASearch for more papers by this authorAmber Stonehouse MD, Amber Stonehouse MD Jefferson Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PASearch for more papers by this authorCharlotte Henry MD, Charlotte Henry MD Jefferson Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PASearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 February 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-9740.2006.05848.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume5, Issue6November/December 2006Pages 295-295 RelatedInformation
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RECONCEPTUALISING ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLS: MAKING AN ARGUMENT FOR CRITICAL ACTION - Swartz, Jennifer-Hellen (2006)
On the surface the National Assessment Policy is transformative in nature because it promotes notions of shaping educational practice that will enhance the interests of learners in a meaningful way. It promotes ideas of transparency and a partnership between learners and educators that presupposes that learners are fully involved at every stage of their learning in decisions that affect their progress. This creates the impression that teaching and learning take place in a democratic environment where constant consultation and consensus are the order of the day. The policy ultimately envisages a kind of learner who would have the ability to participate as a critical citizen in society. Looked at from a critical perspective, this criteria-referenced outcomes framework seems to be a contradiction to transformative policy and practice. The predetermined criteria outlined in the policy seem to negate its intention of creating a schooling system through which critical citizens can emerge. The focus of this thesis, therefore, is firstly to make a critical analysis of assessment in OBE and its stated transformation objectives and, secondly, to reconceptualise assessment practices in South African schools by making an argument for critical action. This analysis will explore the issue of power relations in the classroom and their impact on participatory, deliberative and democratic classroom interaction as a condition imperative for a transformative OBE curriculum. This issue is pertinent and central not only to the improvement and promotion of teaching and learning, but also because of the profound implications it has for how we view educational transformation in South Africa.
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Child Prostitutes in Primary Classrooms: Voices from Ethiopia - Tadesse, Selamawit; Hoot, James L. (Childhood Education, 2006)
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Child Prostitutes in Primary Classrooms: Voices from Ethiopia - Tadesse, Selamawit; Hoot, James L. (Childhood Education, 2006)
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Challenges of funding renewable natural resources research and education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Temu, A. B. (International Forestry Review, 2006)
SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to encourage an intellectual debate. I have deliberately avoided the common rhetoric and poverty statistics that have recently come to characterize or accompany any statement on Africa. For so long, the rhetoric that Africa is poor and therefore incapable of spawning its own development has dominated communication and information systems that they could become “facts” in the minds of some people. If this is not nipped in the bud, especially for the youth of Africa, it will cost the continent dearly in terms of future development. The only way we can sustain development in Africa is to recognize and engage our own intellectual and physical strengths for that purpose, while tapping into our natural capital. It is argued that natural resource education, research and innovation should be funded from the very resources that we are seeking to improve. Thus the starting point is an analysis of the values we should assign to research and education.
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‘De facto’ privatisation of education and the poor: implications of a study from sub‐Saharan Africa and India - Tooley, James; Dixon, Pauline (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2006)
Three types of privatisation are identified—involving demand‐side financing, reforms to the educational supply‐side and de facto privatisation, where responsibilities are transferred to the private sector, through the rapid growth of private schools, rather than through reform or legislation. Although de facto privatisation may arise because of parental dissatisfaction with state education, it is perceived as undesirable in the literature. Findings from a recent study on private schools in Ghana, Nigeria and India are outlined to explore this issue. The results show a majority of enrolment is in private schools in poor urban and peri‐urban areas, and a significant minority in rural areas. Regarding teacher activity, private schools appear superior to government schools, while private school children outperform government children on maths and English, even though expenditure on teacher salaries is much lower in private than government schools. In the context of this evidence, three major objections to the place of de facto privatisation in meeting the educational needs of the poor are explored and challenged.
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Incidence of leaving against medical advice (LAMA) among patients admitted at the accident and emergency unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. - Udosen, A M; Glen, Enakirerhi E.; Ogbudu, Stephen Omirigbe; Nkposong, E.O. (PubMed, 2006)
The causes and incidence of the commonly observed phenomenon of leaving against medical advice (LAMA) in our hospitals have not been studied. This retrospective study was aimed at evaluating its incidence and pattern in order to suggest possible solutions.The case files of patients who left against medical advice at the Casualty unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital between July 2002 and December 2003 were retrieved from the Medical Records Department and information regarding age, sex, education/occupation, religion, diagnosis, reason(s) for leaving and duration of stay in casualty were extracted.A total of 3708 patients were seen at the casualty unit within this period. Ninety-seven patients left against medical advice but only ninety case notes were analyzable. Seven folders had incomplete information. Male/Female ratio was 2:1 and the ages ranged between 7 and 70 years (average 31.5 years). The average duration of stay in Hospital was 2.4 days (110 days). Sixty-five patients (72.2%) were those who had various forms of trauma while 8 (8.8%) had general surgical problems. 19% (17) patients had medical emergencies.The youths are the most vulnerable group and the principal causes in our environment are ignorance and poverty. Because of poor documentation in our centres, it was not possible to know where these patients go and the results of their treatments. There is therefore a need for further studies.
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The relationship between detection delay and impairment in leprosy control: a comparison of patient cohorts from Bangladesh and Ethiopia - Veen, Natasja H J Van; Meima, Abraham; Richardus, Jan Hendrik (Leprosy Review, 2006)
It is acknowledged that longer delays between first symptoms and diagnosis result in increased impairment in newly detected leprosy patients. However, it is unclear whether detection delay in relation to impairment can be used as a general or absolute performance indicator of leprosy control programmes. It is unknown whether similar delays always result in similar proportions of impairment. Therefore, the present study examined the quantitative relationship between delay and impairment in two different patient populations.Patients from two study cohorts (BANDS and AMFES) who reported voluntarily were included in the analysis. Data on detection delay, WHO impairment status, type of leprosy, age and sex were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify significant risk factors for impairment and to quantify the relationship between detection delay and impairment status at intake.Detection delay was an independent risk factor for impairment at presentation in multivariate analysis. The AMFES cohort reported more impairment at detection than BANDS. In multivariate analysis, this difference was significant among PB patients (51% in AMFES versus 15% in BANDS), but not in MB patients (56% in AMFES versus 45% in BANDS). In fact, for every delay category PB patients from AMFES had much higher proportions of impairment than PB BANDS patients. Impairment rates in MB patients from AMFES were higher in every delay category, but the differences between the two cohorts were much smaller compared to PB patients.Our analysis confirms earlier findings that with longer delays, the risk of impairment at presentation increases. With the same reported delay, however, the proportion impaired can vary considerably between different patient populations, in particular for PB leprosy. Delay can therefore not simply be used as a general or absolute performance indicator for programme evaluation. Achieving short delays remains important in general, but understanding and addressing the underlying mechanisms of delay specific to a patient population adds substantially to the effectiveness of leprosy control.
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Selection and characterisation of a xylitol-derepressed Aspergillus niger mutant that is apparently impaired in xylitol transport - Vondervoort, Peter J. I. van de; Groot, M.J.; Ruijter, George J. G.; Visser, Jaap (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2006)
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Policy and practice in guidance and counselling in secondary schools in Kenya - Wango, Geoffrey Mbugua (2006)
This thesis explores the policy and practice of the secondary school guidance and counselling programme in Kenya in the context of the school. The study was conducted in three stages beginning with an initial survey at stage one and case studies at stage two. At the third stage of the study, discussions were held with various stakeholders including a focus group discussion with students. The theoretical framework for the study is based on prismatic society (Riggs, 1964; Harber and Davies, 1997), and Fullan’s (2001) model of educational change, using the person centred counselling approach as the background to counselling. Findings suggest that despite the emphasis on guidance and counselling in schools, the provision of guidance and counselling services is highly variable and somewhat fragmented in scope largely depending on individual schools. The main implication of the study is the need for a more comprehensive guidance and counselling policy in this increasingly important area of education. These relate to the appointment of counsellors, professional issues including a code of conduct for counsellors and the need for a more comprehensive programme that is learner friendly.
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SACHES and Comparative, International and Development Education in Southern Africa : the challenges and future prospects - Weeks, Sheldon G. (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2006)
This paper commences with an overview of the international position of Comparative, International and Development Education. This is followed by a survey of the history and present state of SACHES. Thirdly, the focus falls on the position of Comparative Education in South Africa. While Comparative Education has considerable potential in Southern Africa, it needs to address the following: the thin and slowly growing membership base of SACHES, especially outside South Africa, most of all in the francophone and lusophone Southern African countries; the need to rebuild and strengthen an institutional infrastructure for Comparative Education at Southern African universities; effective and dynamic leadership from SACHES's professional members; the development of a well-oiled, effective administrative and logistical underpinning for SACHES; and the need for relevant, high-quality and critical scholarship that is eventually duly integrated into the international corpus of Comparative Education knowledge.
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A framework for the integration of information technology in the education of professional accountants at South African universities - Wessels, Philippus L. (2006)
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Teacher training in South Africa: past, present and future - Wolhuter, Charl C. (Education research and perspectives, 2006)
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Teaching american cevilisation to algerian students. - Yacine, Rachida (2006)
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English Teaching and Training Issues in Palestine - Yamchi, Nasima (TESOL Quarterly, 2006)
TESOL QuarterlyVolume 40, Issue 4 p. 861-865 English Teaching and Training Issues in Palestine NASIMA YAMCHI, NASIMA YAMCHI Arab American University Jenin, Palestine Nasima Yamchi has been working in the field of TEFL in Iran, Germany, and Palestine for the past 18 years. Her first MA is in TEFL and the second in Intercultural Communication. Since 2004 she has been a lecturer at the Arab American University in Jenin, Palestine.Search for more papers by this author NASIMA YAMCHI, NASIMA YAMCHI Arab American University Jenin, Palestine Nasima Yamchi has been working in the field of TEFL in Iran, Germany, and Palestine for the past 18 years. Her first MA is in TEFL and the second in Intercultural Communication. Since 2004 she has been a lecturer at the Arab American University in Jenin, Palestine.Search for more papers by this author First published: 04 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.2307/40264318 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES B'Tselem. (2005). Siege: Statistics on checkpoints and roadblocks. Jerusalem, Israel: Author. Retrieved October 4, 2006, from B'Tselem: The Israeli Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories Web site http:www.btselem.orgenglishFreedom_of_Movementcheckpoints.asp. Kennedy, M. (1991). An agenda for research on teacher learning (Special Report, National Center for Research on Teacher Learning on Teacher Learning). East Lansing: Michigan State University. Ministry of Education and Higher Education. (1999). English language curriculum for public schools, Grade 1–12. Ramallah: Palestinian National Authority, Author. Samir, M. (1995). Investigating the English writing skills curriculum at Hebron University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA. J. W. Tollefson (Ed.) (1995). Power and inequality in language education. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Wafa, Palestinian News Agency. (2005). PCBS: Unemployment rate in OPT considered very high. Retrieved October 4, 2006, from http:english.wafa.psbody.aspfieldenews&id2551. Volume40, Issue4December 2006Pages 861-865 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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U-series and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic studies of lavas erupted from 1909 to 2000 on Mt. Cameroon volcano (West Africa) - Yokoyama, T.; Aka, Festus Tongwa; Kusakabe, Minoru; Nakamura, Eizo (AGUFM, 2006)
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Evidence for Late Pleistocene climate changes from buried soils on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania - Zech, Michael (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006)
The distribution of the altitudinal vegetation zones on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro is well-known. But no reliable data are available about the vegetation shifts during the Quaternary. Here I present palaeopedological results (elemental, biomarker, stable isotope and radiocarbon analyses), indicating that the frequently occurring buried black A horizons in the montane forest belt are developed under ericaceous vegetation. Since Erica species are not abundant at this altitude nowadays but are characteristic for the sub-alpine zone, the palaeosols reflect palaeoclimatically driven fluctuations and changes of the vegetation zones on Mt. Kilimanjaro. The downhill descent of the ericaceous belt coincided with cold and dry periods like the Late Glacial and the Last Glacial Maximum. Older palaeosols document that such events also took place during the Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4.
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African American College Students' Perceptions of Psychosocial Factors Influencing Racial Disparities in Health. - Zekeri, Andrew A.; Habtemariam, Tsegaye (College student journal, 2006)
Objective: This study examined African American college students' perceptions of psychosocial factors that influence racial disparities in health. Methods: We conducted focus groups in two Alabama Black Belt Counties from June to August 2005. Data were collected using a standardize discussion guide, augmented by prompts for clarification. Results: Principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify patterns or the dimensionality of psychosocial factors identified by the students. Principal component factor analysis identified three patterns that accounted for more than 64% of the variance of psychosocial factors influencing racial disparities in health. Our findings indicate that many African American college students perceived racism/discrimination targeted at African Americans, mistrust of whites and of medical and public health institutions among African Americans, poverty and lack of health insurance as major psychosocial factors influencing racial disparities in health. Conclusion: Findings from this exploratory study indicate the potential influence of psychosocial variables on racial health disparities deserves further attention. In order to make measurable progress in eliminating racial disparities in health or closing the gap by 2010, policy makers, program planners, and medical practitioners must consider the broader context of racism, mistrust of whites among African Americans and health insurance issues. Government and health care professionals need to work with African Americans and obtain the trust of their communities by addressing current perceived racism within the health care system. In addition, there remains a desperate need for health initiatives that target areas of persistent rural poverty, many of which are also home to concentrated racial/ethnic minority populations. INTRODUCTION Despite tremendous progress in the use of preventive and life-saving medical technologies in America, racial and ethnic disparities in health persist. For example, mortality rates for stroke, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS are higher for African Americans than for whites. Disparities in health status between black and white Americans are so well documented and are of growing concern to policy makers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2000). In response to President Clinton's Initiative on Race, The Department of Health and Human Services is paying attention to racial disparities in the nation's health. One of the ambitious major goals of Healthy People 2010, the nation's health policy for the Twenty-First Century, is to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health by the year 2010. This unprecedented effort will require a major national commitment to identifying and addressing the underlying causes of higher levels of diseases and disability in the African American communities. In other words, identifying and understanding social factors (psychosocial variables) that help African Americans obtain needed health care or that hinder them from doing so is an important goal for social science researchers interested in the U.S health care system and eliminating racial disparities in health. Efforts to understand racial disparities in health should focus not only in terms of individual characteristics but also on social factors that sustain the disparities. In this paper, we provide insights on rural African American college students' perceptions of the psychosocial factors influencing racial disparities in health beyond those found in the biomedical model. This is because the role of psychosocial factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed health care has not received much attention in research on health disparities. Moreover, African American college students' perceptions about psychosocial variables influencing racial differences in health and access to health care can help shape public opinions and influence the actions of policy makers in eliminating racial disparities in health by 2010. …
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Technical education in Namibia: past trends, present circumstances and future prospects - Brunette, Henri Christian (2006)
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Learning To Make Change: Developing Innovation Competence for Recreating the African University of the 21st Century - Kibwika, Paul (2006)
Universities represent the highest level of education, yet they are notoriously slow in responding to a rapidly changing world. Deeply entrenched elitism and routines, a continued emphasis on reproductive learning, and the continued dominance of disciplinary thinking, have, in many instances, created bastions of educational conservatism, unable to contribute meaningfully to the development of people, businesses and communities within a finite global ecosystem. This book focuses on an African university's efforts to become more innovative and responsive to community needs and the challenges posed by sustainability. A central concept is innovation competence as a pre-requisite for transforming learning, research and consultancy. Making change in society requires innovation competences over and above disciplinary expertise and these competences have to be learnt by both staff and students. Kibwika not only shows that it is imperative that African universities re-orient their programmes to produce graduates capable of enhancing innovation and social change in the community, he also provides a number of solid stepping stones for capacity building and curriculum development that, in time, will result in an innovative university able to contribute to a world that is more sustainable than the one currently in prospect.
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Impact of the diagnostic label of osteoarthritis on perceptions of disability and willingness to help a parent in African Americans and whites - Mingo, Chivon A.; McIlvane, Jessica M.; Haley, William E. (Arthritis Care & Research, 2006)
Family members are central to arthritis care, but little is known about public perceptions of osteoarthritis (OA) and how cultural diversity affects these perceptions. We examined the effects of participant race and diagnostic label of OA on family members' perceptions and willingness to help a parent with OA.A total of 105 young adult African American and 308 young adult white participants were randomly assigned to read 1 of 2 vignettes (OA label versus no label) describing an older mother with marked pain and disability. Effects for race and diagnostic label were examined.Participants who were told that the mother had OA were more likely to believe the mother's problems were due to illness, but were less likely to believe that better health care would improve her condition than participants not told a diagnosis. African Americans attributed less blame to the mother, showed less anger, more sympathy, and were more willing to help compared with whites.The finding that the OA label leads to pessimism concerning the benefits of health care for a parent suggests a need for public education on the effectiveness of arthritis care. Race differences in perceptions of the parent and willingness to provide care are consistent with previous literature on race and family caregiving, and indicate that cultural values regarding family caregiving may be important in arthritis care. Family members could serve as important allies for elderly individuals with OA, and public health efforts should not just target older adults but should also provide information on arthritis care for families.
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Prevalence of dental fluorosis among primary school children in Thamar– Yemen. - Salman, Faraed D (مجلة الرافدين لطب الأسنان, 2006)
Aims:To determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in relation to age and sex for primary school children, aged 6 -12 years old in Thamar -Yemen.Material and methods: The study included 600 primary school children aged 6, 9 and 12 years old randomly selected (300 males, 300 females) in Thamar -Yemen, who had lived since birth in moderate natural fluoride level (1.8 -2.2 ppm) by the use of Dean index to assess dental fluorosis.Results: Showed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis was 19.83 % and 5.23 % within students and teeth respectively, ranging from very mild to moderate form of dental fluorosis with no significant sex difference for individuals at p ≤0.05 as total and significant difference between males and females for teeth as total at p ≤ 0.001, the percentage of severity had been found to be increasing with age.The community fluorosis index for Thamar Province was 0.4 %, which was regarded low.Conclusion: The prevalence of dental fluorosis had been increased with increasing age with no sex difference.
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AMPICILLIN USAGE AND AMPICILLIN RESISTANT (AMPR) PLASMIDS MEDIATED ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEAGENIC PATIENTS ATTENDING SOME TEACHING HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA - Yah, SC; Eghafona, N. O.; Enabulele, IO; Aluyi, H. S. A. (shiraz e medical journal, 2006)
From 2001 to 2004, we carry on a survey on the utilization of ampicillin among some diarrheagenic patients attending some Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria. From the result 723(58.2%) volunteers responded to the questionnaires, where only 83(11.4%) consult a doctor for prescription, 397(54.9%) from drug retailers while 142(20.1%) self prescribe and 56(7.7%) prescription was base on the advice of friends and relatives. The results also indicate that 229 (31.7%) take full regimen if prescribed by a doctor and 494(68.3%) stop the consumption of the drug when the signs and symptoms subside. Of the 249 diarrheagenic clinical isolates of E coli strains obtained from 2001 to 2004, 78 (31.3%) were obtained from UBTH, 41(16.5%) from ABUTH, 38(15.3%) from NAUTH and 92(36.9%) from UCH with a mean average of 63(25.3%). Among the antibiotics tested, ampicillin was the least susceptible antibiotics while the quinolones were the most susceptible. Most of the E coli strains screened had one or more resistant R plasmids. 52% of the E coli harbour ampicillin resistant plasmids of different molecular weights that ranged from ≤0.451kbp to ≥1.254kbp. Mostly Chromosomal DNA mediated most of the E coli isolates resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. None of the Teaching Hospital had a surveillance method for evaluating the emergence of resistance pathogens.
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Intestinal helminthes infestation among pupils in rural and urban communities of Kwara State, Nigeria - Adefemi, SA; Musa, OI (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2006)
No Abstract. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 7(3) 2006: 217-228
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Nigerian primary school children Prevalence and co-morbid conditions - Adewuya, Abiodun O.; Famuyiwa, O. O. (European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2006)
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Prevalence and distribution of ringworm infections in primary school children in parts of Eastern, Nigeria - Anosike, JC; Keke, IR; Uwaezuoke, JC; Anozie, Josephine; Obiukwu, Charles E.; Nwoke, Beb; Amajuoyi, Oliver U. (Journal of Applied Science & Environmental Management (Port Harcourt), 2006)
A study on the prevalence and distribution of ringworm infection amongst primary school children in northern Ebony State of eastern Nigeria was carried out between November 2002 and June 2003. Of the 279 pupils sampled randomly from four schools, 59 (21.1%) had ringworm infection. While only two genera of fungi Microsporum and Trichophyton were isolated, six species viz: M. canis (11.9%), M. andoninii (20.3%), T. sondamense (20.3%), T. mentagrophytes (22.0%), T. schoenleinii (15.3%) and T. quinckeannan (10.2%) were also encountered. The distribution of ringworm among schools was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both male and female pupils with in the age bracket of 5-7 years were significantly infected than other age categories (P0.05). M. andoninii was more predominant over others in males while T. mentagrophytes was more prevalent in female pupils. Poor infrastructures (houses and classroom), children playing with animals, the Nigerian environmental vis-a-vis personal uncleaniness by pupils are contributing factors to the high frequency and severity of ringworm in the area. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(3) 2005: 21-25
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Awareness and pattern of needlestick injuries among health workers at University Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria - Medubi, SA; Tm, Akande; Osagbemi, GK (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2006)
No Abstract. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 7(3) 2006: 183-188
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Interactive Child Learning Aid Project (iCLAP): Design and development of an indigenous instructional multimedia model for Nigeria - Azi, Joseph Izang (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2006)
This project is concerned with the design and development of an indigenous Instructional Multimedia prototype for enhancing early child-education in Nigeria, tagged: Interactive Child Learning Aid Project (i-CLAP). It is structured based on a combination of African art, Computer Graphics and Animation, contextualized to accommodate the needs, preferences and styles of the local learner. This paper introduces a new vision that is motivated by the rapid advancements in digital technology and the urge for cultural expressionism, as catalysts for reinforcing early cognitive development and school-readiness among Pre-primary school children in Nigeria.
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Education and human resource development in post-independent Eritrea: An explanatory note - Rena, Ravinder (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2006)
Education is a lifelong process. Twentieth century has witnessed the miracles of Human Resource Development (HRD) activities reflected through increase in GNP and overall productive activities. The Government of Eritrea offering both formal and informal training programmes at different levels in order to develop the human resources. This prosperity in education is obviously a great thing for Eritrea, and the dream to make Eritrea a technologicaloriented and advanced nation would become real, because the cumulative effort done so far in the human development is noteworthy. As Human Resource Development Programmes concentrate much on the category of major raw human resource to be processed into the work force and its role in reconstructing the economy. An attempt is made in this article to analyse the educational and human resource development after independence. This article also provides detailed account of technical and vocation education with special reference to skill development programme.
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Institutional dynamics and climate change adaptation in South Africa - Koch, Ingrid; Vogel, Coleen; Patel, Zarina (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006)
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Institutional dynamics and climate change adaptation in South Africa - Koch, Ingrid; Vogel, Coleen; Patel, Zarina (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006)
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Institutional dynamics and climate change adaptation in South Africa - Koch, Ingrid; Vogel, Coleen; Patel, Zarina (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006)
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Institutional dynamics and climate change adaptation in South Africa - Koch, Ingrid; Vogel, Coleen; Patel, Zarina (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006)
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Institutional dynamics and climate change adaptation in South Africa - Koch, Ingrid; Vogel, Coleen; Patel, Zarina (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006)
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EFFECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND OIL POLLUTION ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF UDU RIVER, WARRI, NIGERIA - Aluyi, H.S.; Ekhaise, F. O.; Adelusi, D. M.; Oviasogie, F.E. (Estudos de Biologia, 2006)
The effect of human activities and oil pollution on the microbiological quality of Udu River was investigated from September 2002 to January 2003. The microbiological parameters were carried out using the standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial and fungal loads were shown to be highest in the inhabited stations (2 and 3) with downstream (station 4) suffering from dilution effects of human activities and upstream (station 1) showing lower counts. Stations 2 and 3 were shown to record the highest heterotrophic microbial load 10.7 x 108 cfuml-1 and 10.4 x 108 cfuml-1 and 8.0 x 108 cfuml-1 and 9.0 x 108 cfuml-1 for bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. Total coliform counts ranges from 1.5 – 4.3 x 106 and 1.4 – 2.8 x 106 MPN100ml-1 for stations 2 and 3. Microorganism isolated and characterized includes nine bacterial and four fungal genera. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Escherichia, Clostridium, Acetobacter, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, and the predominant fungal isolates includes, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Geotrichum and Helminthosporium. The concentrations of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), conductivity, total iron, total solids, total copper and total dissolved solids were shown to be higher in stations 2 and 3 than station 1 which have no direct human activities. Similarly, the values obtained for salinity, total hardness and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the inhabited stations were shown to be lower than station 1. Correlation coefficient shows positive relationship between the different microbial populations and some physiochemical parameters studied.
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Treatment duration of topics in senior secondary school core mathematics in Ghana: a case study of Cape Coast district - Asare-Inkoom, A; Gyening, J (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2006)
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the intended time of 160 minutes per week for 96 weeks was adequate for the treatment of the SSS Core Mathematics. The study used simple random sampling method to select two mixed, two single-sex female and two single-sex male Senior Secondary Schools in the Cape Coast Education District of the Central Region of Ghana. The study involved 790 students. Three achievement tests in mathematics were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by means of student t-test. The results showed that the intended time of 160 minutes per week for 96 weeks for the SSS Core Mathematics Program was inadequate. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 2(1) 2004: 59-74
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The effect of alternative assessment on the attitudes and achievement in mathematics of female pre-service teachers in Ghana - Eshun, BA; Abledu, GK (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2006)
This paper examines the effect of exposing one of two groups of preservice female teachers to alternate forms of assessment. Both groups were first year students in a teacher training college and received 8 weeks of normal instruction in mathematics content and traditional assessment by the same teacher. The students were interviewed on their attitudes towards mathematics before and after instruction. In addition, the students took two pretests and corresponding posttests. The external achievement tests were similar to the 1997 Mathematics Paper of the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (SSSCE) and the internal achievement tests were based on the content of instruction. The results of the study showed significant improvement in both the internal and external achievement of the experimental group, but only significant improvement in the internal achievement of the control group. Also, the experimental group achieved higher gains on both achievement tests than the control group. Students in the experimental group exhibited greater positive attitudinal changes and expressed the benefits they derived from the alternative assessment activities in their journals and portfolios. Suggestions for intervention programmes to improve female pre-service teachers' attitudes, achievement and participation in mathematics are discussed. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 1, 2001: 21-30
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Opportunity to learn first year mathematics in teacher training colleges in Ghana - Etsey, Y. K. A. (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2006)
The purpose of the study was to find out students which of the 18 topics in the first year teacher training mathematics syllabus were not taught by the end of the year and which ones were found difficult. Six hundred and ninety-five second year pre-service teachers, made up of 186 females and 506 males, from 18 teacher-training colleges participated in the study. The study was a crosssectional survey and data was collected using a questionnaire. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for all statistical tests. The results showed that two topics, measures of central tendency and conditional probability were not taught. It was found that ten of the eighteen topics were found by the students to be difficult to understand. Further results showed that the Arts students found seven topics more difficult than the Science students and female students also found ten topics more difficult than the males. It is recommended that the teacher training college tutors make efforts to complete the PS1 syllabus. Attempts should be made to integrate the discovery approach into teaching and learning difficult mathematics topics. It is further recommended that more tutorials, extra classes and additional assignments should be given to the Arts and female students. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 2(2) 2004: 65-78
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The appraisal of mathematics teachers in Ghana - Fletcher, JA (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2006)
This study examined the nature and existing methods of teacher appraisal in Ghana. 441 secondary mathematics teachers participated, of whom 193 teach the subject at the junior secondary level and 248 teach it at the senior secondary level. In addition, 44 Ghana Education Service Officials and 6 Heads of secondary schools who appraise mathematics teachers were sampled. Methods used included questionnaires, interviews and observation of appraisers at work. Chi-squarex2 and discriminant analysis statistics were used. Highly significant relationships were found between mathematics teachers' perceived professional support and appraisal experience, mathematics teaching experience and professional status at the senior secondary level; and between perceived support and appraisal experience at the junior secondary level. The results indicated inefficiencies in the appraisal system employed by the Ghana Education Service (GES) in supporting mathematics teachers to improve their work. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 1, 2001: 81-102
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Learning from health system reforms: lessons from Burkina Faso - Haddad, Slim; Nougtara, A.; Fournier, Pierre (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2006)
Burkina Faso has implemented a macroeconomic adjustment programme (MAP) along with an ambitious reform of the health care system. Our aim was (1) to verify whether MAPs led to a reduction in health resources, and (2) to analyze the consequences of health policies implemented.Cross-sectional and retrospective study, spanning the years 1983-2003. The macro aspect is based upon documents from national and international sources, a database of secondary socioeconomic data, and interviews of key informants working in upper management. Household and health facility surveys were conducted in three regions covering 53 communities.Within the reforms, the health sector benefited from an important flow of resources. There were significant increases in public expenditures, health care staff, the number of primary care facilities and the availability of generic drugs. However, health facilities in the public sector remain underused and major inequities subsist. Access to health care is constrained by the population's ability to pay. Health expenditures impoverish households, creating new poor and impoverishing the already poor.The success of reforms depends largely on the extent to which they remove financial barriers to access to services. The experience of Burkina Faso also reveals the need for fundamental changes that will motivate staff, improve productivity, and ensure good quality services. Integrating health development policies with strategic plans for poverty reduction can provide new opportunities for African countries to redesign their health systems within this type of perspective.
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The language policy practice in mathematics education in the upper west region of Ghana - Nabie, MJ; Ngman-wara, Eidn (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2006)
Using Teacher's Assessment of Language Policy Practices (TAL2P) questionnaire and unstructured interview schedules, 63 randomly selected teachers (39 females, 24 males) from 21 schools within the Lawra District of the Upper West Region of Ghana were examined to determine the extent to which the language policy was practised. The study showed that teachers teach between 30-46% of their mathematics lesson periods in English at the lower primary level. Efforts to use the native language for meaningful mathematics instructions are constrained by teachers' inability to speak the language and the lack of materials in the native language. For children to derive the benefits of the language policy, the study recommends taking teachers linguistic competence into consideration during teacher postings and an urgent provision of text materials in the native languages to serve as resource materials for teachers. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 2(1) 2004: 27-38
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Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa) - Permenter, Jason L.; Oppenheimer, Clive (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2006)
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THE DEREGULATION OF THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS | Laravel Open Education Resources (OER) - Jacob, Alexander Attah (2006)
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The formulation and development of a multi-mix for primary school children within an informal, South Africa - Oosthuizen, Delia; Napier, Carin; Oldewage‐Theron, Wilna (Nigerian Food Journal, 2006)
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Managerialism and higher education governance: Implications for South African universities? - Adams, F. Gérard (South African journal of higher education, 2006)
This article identifies some of the implications of corporate forms of higher education governance for the management of South African universities. It explores corporate higher educational governance with reference to institutional autonomy incorporating academic freedom. It is the contention of this article that the primary driver of higher educational governance seems to be economic rationalism underpinned by a conception of corporatisation. This ideal is rooted in, and influenced by, a neo-liberal interpretation of globalisation with a strong preference tendency towards managerialism. Such managerialism claims to improve efficiency and effectiveness via financial accountability, quality assurance and performance evaluation, notions that have become increasingly popular in the governance model of South African universities. These managerialist ideals, embedded in a neo-liberal conception of globalisation, have specific implications for higher education governance in the sense that they have the potential to limit or erode academic autonomy and freedom because managerialism thrives in situations of `control'. Such control it is argued, militates against academic autonomy and freedom. The article/s argue that a more defensible form of higher education governance can be achieved when governance in such institutions is enacted along the lines of what it means to be a community in an African humanist sense. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 20(1) 2006: 3-14
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Challenges to internationalisation in African higher education - Neale-Shutte, Marian; Fourie, Johan (South African journal of higher education, 2006)
The paucity of clear, comprehensive and current information about higher education, and internationalisation in African higher education, scratches African countries from contention in both the race within Africa, and the race globally, for quality higher education for the world's mobile students. In addition to a lack of information, other challenges may limit the development of the potential of African higher education, its students, staff, curricula and myriad opportunities for practical experience in many fields. This article explores some of these challenges to internationalisation in African higher education. In addition, Kenya is examined as a case study, and information is provided on the current shape and size of internationalisation in public higher education institutions in Kenya. Developments in internationalisation in Kenyan higher education are contrasted against developments in South African higher education, and the similarities and differences are highlighted. The authors discuss how Africa could strengthen her position through well-functioning cooperative partnerships. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 20(1) 2006: 118-142
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