Understanding High School Students' Risk Behaviors to Help Reduce the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa - Taylor, Myra; Dlamini, Sarah; Kagoro, H.; Jinabhai, C C; Vries, Hein de (Journal of School Health, 2003)
Of 901 rural learners (X age 16.1, SD = 2.4) at 10 randomly selected high schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, those living with a parent were less likely to drink alcohol (P < 0.0001) or use drugs (P = 0.006). Thirty percent (95% CI 26.9, 33.1) were sexually active, and 53.1% used a condom in the past 30 days. The odds of males being sexually active was 7.27 the likelihood of females (95% CI 5.2, 10.1). Only one-third of male respondents always used condoms. Of sexually active respondents, 46.5% had experienced coercive sex. More males (14.1%) than females (3.6%) smoked cigarettes (P < 0.0001). The odds of males drinking alcohol was 4.5 times that of females (P < 0.0001). Smoking, (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.32, 4.44) and drinking, (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.71, 4.19) among learners increased the likelihood of sexual activity. With youth at increasing risk of HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, interventions to reduce learners' risk behaviors are required.
Keywords: openalex:import

The capabilities approach and gendered education: An examination of South African complexities - Unterhalter, Elaine (Theory and Research in Education, 2003)
This article examines Amartya Sen's writings on the capabilities approach and education. Sen sometimes suggests a loose association between education and schooling. Elsewhere he concludes that one can read off the outputs of schooling as an indication of capabilities and an enhancement of freedom. While the capability approach provides a valuable way beyond human capital theorizing about education, Sen's writing fails to take account of the complex settings in which schooling takes place. Sometimes schooling does not entail an enhancement of capabilities and substantive freedom. South African policy responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic highlight how using the capability approach to evaluation without paying attention to conditions of gender and race inequality yield only half the picture.
Keywords: openalex:import

The usefulness of commercially available 'culture fair' tests in the assessment of educational success in Grade 1 Black pupils in South Africa — an explorative study - Venter, André; Bham, Amina (Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 2003)
School failure among Grade 1 pupils and the subsequent drop out rate is of major concern in South Africa, especially as far as Black pupils are concerned. The school drop out rate is estimated to be four times higher in Black pupils than White children. The dilemma for the professionals in assessing children, who are experiencing difficulty at school, and who are from disadvantaged, non-English speaking communities, is the paucity of reliable, objective tests to identify children at risk. The purpose of this study was to determine whether commercially available 'culture fair' tests could be used to evaluate Black pupils early in Grade 1 and if they were associated with educational success. A parental questionnaire was used to examine non-academic predictors of educational success, such as birth history, socio-economic status and the medical profile. One hundred and three Grade 1 pupils were tested in the first term. The tests used were the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales, WISC mazes, Raven's Progressive Matrices, Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI), Motor-free Visual Perceptual Test (MVPT), Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS) and the Draw-a-Person Test (DAP). Several backward elimination stepwise regression analysis procedures were used to examine the multivariate associations between the psychometric and nonacademic variables and three outcome variables, namely the mid and end of year aggregates and a pass/fail dichotomous variable. Non-academic variables that were significantly associated with academic success were asphyxia, overcrowding and maternal education. The psychometric subtests that were significantly associated with academic achievement were the VMI, DAP, the Raven's Progressive Matrices, TVPS and WISC mazes. Commercially available 'culture fair' tests are significantly associated with educational success in Black Grade 1 pupils where standardised, comprehensive tests are not available. To evaluate to what extent these tests would be reliable predictors of educational success further studies would have to analyse a larger cohort of pupils.
Keywords: openalex:import

An Investigation Of Ethnic Differences In The Motivation And Strategies For Learning Of Students In Desegregated South African Schools - Watkins, David; McInerney, Dennis M.; Akande, Adebowale; Lee, Clement (Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2003)
No significant ethnic group differences were found in the academic motivation or learning strategies of more than 200 White and 200 Black South African students from two recently integrated secondary schools. Both groups considered working hard and having interest in school tasks to be more important than competition or affiliation. The former items tended to be the best predictors in both groups of the use of deep learning strategies, which are known to be prerequisites for high-quality learning outcomes. The motivation scales tended to be better predictors of learning strategies for the Black students.
Keywords: openalex:import

Waterbird monitoring and birdwatcher training in Djibouti, February 2001 - Welch, Geoff; Welch, Hilary; Rayaleh, Houssein (Bulletin of the African Bird Club, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Opportunities in Africa for training in genome science - Masiga, Daniel; Isokpehi, Raphael D. (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2003)
Genome science is a new type of biology that unites genetics, molecular biology, computational biology and bioinformatics.The availability of the human genome sequence, as well as the genome sequences of several other organisms relevant to health, agriculture and the environment in Africa necessitates the development and delivery of several types and levels of training that will enhance the use of genome data and the associated computational resources.A survey of initiatives that provide opportunities for training in genome science is presented.Current efforts to increase the ability of African scientists to computationally process and analyse genomic and post-genomic data have the potential to produce excellent scientists who perform cutting-edge, hypothesis-based research, and who will accelerate the continent's scientific and technological development.
Keywords: openalex:import

South Africa: HIV/AIDS education, support and care. (PubMed, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender and the Social and Economic Impact of Drought on the Residents of Turkana District in Kenya - Wawire, Violet (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Morning by Morning: How We Home-Schooled Our African-American Sons to the Ivy League - Penn-Nabrit, Paula (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Internet Access and Training for African-American Churches - Sollenberger, Julia; Degolyer, Christine; Rosen, Marilyn A. (The Reference librarian, 2003)
Abstract Edward G. Miner Library, the health sciences library at the University of Rochester Medical Center, is reaching out beyond its usual user group to improve health knowledge of members of six inner-city African-American churches and one community center. With the Congregation Healthy Heart Action Partnership (CHHAP) and the Rochester Public Library as partners, and with funding from the National Library of Medicine, Miner is providing Internet access at the churchesand training church and community members to use reliable health Web sites such as MedlinePlus. A train-the-trainer approach and follow-up meetings empower church members to carry the information to others. In addition to trainees learning about reliable health Web resources and Rochester Public Library's health resources, new relationships between libraries and churches have resulted. It is hoped that this program will help reduce health disparities between Rochester's inner-city minorities and residents of the surrounding suburbs.
Keywords: openalex:import

Statistics Anxiety Among Female African American Graduate-Level Social Work Students - Davis, Msw Sarita (Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 2003)
ABSTRACT Studies have found that statistics anxiety among female and minority graduate students is higher than that of their Caucasian counterparts. Both gender and culturally sensitive approaches to teaching statistics need to be developed to reduce student anxiety, especially in graduate programs that are dominated by women and minorities. The current study presents data on pre- and post-course statistics among female African American MSW students enrolled in a gender and culturally sensitive statistics course. A series of t-tests revealed that students had significantly lower levels of anxiety about statistics after the course. Implications for integrating gender and culturally sensitive approaches into the curriculum are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.
Keywords: openalex:import

Creating successful learning environments for African American learners with exceptionalities (Choice Reviews Online, 2003)
Foreword - Geneva Gay Preface About the Editors About the Contributors Part I: Foundations of Educational Change 1. School Accountability and Reform: Implications and African Americans With Exceptionalities - Festus E. Obiakor and Bridgie Alexis Ford 2. Legal Foundations of Special Education for African American Learners - Elizabeth A. Dooley and Katherine L. Dooley 3. Functionalizing Assessment for African American Learners in General and Special Education Programs - Cheryl A. Utley 4. Categorization: Impact on African American Learners With Exceptionalities - Angela Stephens McIntosh Part II: Managing Learning Environments 5. Instructional Strategies for African American Learners With Cognitive Disabilities - Helen Bessant Byrd 6. Working With African American Students With Specific Learning Disabilities - Patrick A. Grant and Pauline B. Grant 7. Interventions for African American Learners With Behavioral Problems - Cathy Kea, Gwendolyn Cartledge, and Lisa J. Bowman 8. Maximizing the Learning Potential of African American Learners With Gifts and Talents - Vera I. Daniels 9. Communication Skills of African American Learners With Disabilities - Martha Scott Lue, Cheryl Evans Green, and Shelia Yvette Smalley 10. Developing Self-Empowerment in African American Learners With Special Problems - Festus E. Obiakor Part III: Complementing the School Environment 11. Service Delivery for African American Young Children With Special Needs - Regina Enwefa and Stephen Enwefa 12. African American Families: Equal Partners in General and Special Education - Loretta P. Prater 13. African American Community Resources: Essential Educational Enhancers for African American Children and Youth - Bridgie Alexis Ford 14. Transitioning African American High School Students With Disabilities - Bertina H. Combes and Beth A. Durodoye 15. Teacher-Preparation for African American Exceptional Learners: A Cultural-Historical Approach - Stanley C. Trent 16. Culturally Responsive Leadership for African Americans With Exceptionalities - Darrell L. Williams, Christlyn Frederick-Stanley, and Adell Fair 17. Summary of Comments: Race, Class, Gender, and Exceptionality of African American Learners - Edgar G. Epps Index
Keywords: openalex:import

Raffaella Cribiore. Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2001. Pp. xiii, 270. $39.50 (The American Historical Review, 2003)
Journal Article Raffaella Cribiore. Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2001. Pp. xiii, 270. $39.50 Get access Cribiore Raffaella. Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2001. Pp. xiii, 270. $39.50. Teresa Morgan Teresa Morgan Oriel College, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 108, Issue 1, February 2003, Page 233, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/108.1.233 Published: 01 February 2003
Keywords: openalex:import

School-based intervention in Malawi may reduce malaria-related mortality (Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes News, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training and Bioenergetic Characteristics in Elite Male and Female Kenyan Runners - Billat, Véronique; Lepretre, Pierre-Marie; Heugas, Anne-Marie; Mille-Hamard, Laurence; Salim, Drai; Koralsztein, J. P. (Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2003)
This study compares the training characteristics and the physical profiles of top-class male and female Kenyan long-distance runners.The subjects were 20 elite Kenyan runners: 13 men (10-km performance time: 10-km performance time of 28 min, 36 s +/- 18 s) and 7 women (32 min, 32 s +/- 65 s). The male runners were separated into high-speed training runners (HST: N = 6) and low-speed training runners (LST: N = 7) depending on whether they train at speeds equal or higher than those associated with the maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max ). All but one woman were high-speed training runners (female HST: N = 6). Subjects performed an incremental test on a 400-m track to determine VO2max, vVO2max, and the velocity at the lactate threshold (vLT).Within each gender among the HST group, 10-km performance time was inversely correlated with vVO2max (rho = -0.86, P = 0.05, and rho = -0.95, P = 0.03, for men and women, respectively). HST male runners had a higher VO2max, a lower (but not significantly) fraction of vVO2max (FVO2max ) at the lactate threshold, and a higher energy cost of running (ECR). Among men, the weekly training distance at vVO2max explained 59% of the variance of vVO2max, and vVO2max explained 52% of the variance of 10-km performance time. Kenyan women had a high VO2max and FVO2max at vLT that was lower than their male HST counterparts. ECR was not significantly different between genders.The velocity at the VO2max is the main factor predicting the variance of the 10-km performance both in men and women, and high-intensity training contributes to this higher VO2max among men.
Keywords: openalex:import

From Equity to Efficiency: Access to higher education in South Africa - Boughey, Chrissie (Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 2003)
In South Africa, the focus of the democratic government elected in 1994 has shifted from the need to achieve equity in relation to access to higher education to the need to achieve greater efficiency in terms of the way the tertiary system functions as a whole. One result of this shift is that debates about what it means to provide‘epistemological access’ in terms of curricula and teaching methodologies have been sidelined in favour of the need to develop curricula which will allow students to become members of a global workforce. This article examines issues related to access not only in terms of the theoretical debate just outlined but also in terms of the way financial and other constraints impact on the higher education system itself.
Keywords: openalex:import

Structure and precursors of the 1992 / 93 drought in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa from NCEP reanalysis data - Dube, Lawrence T.; Jury, Mark R. (Water SA, 2003)
The historical context and potential causes and structure of the 1992/93 drought in KwaZulu-Natal are analysed using NCEP reanalysis data.The analysis indicates that increased westerly winds with surface marine lows and continental highs prevailed over Southern Africa.Anomalous divergence and subsidence occur over the eastern subcontinent, coupled with reduced tropical moist inflows.Mid-latitude confluence, anticyclonic vorticity and upper level convergence suppressed convection over KwaZulu/Natal.The precipitable water field reflects a SE-NW orientated stationary wave-train pattern over Southern Africa with KwaZulu-Natal anti-phase with the Zambezi valley.A meridional overturning cell is seen as a driving mechanism behind the 1992/93 drought over South Africa.The velocity potential shows a dipole between the Zambezi and the SW Indian Ocean, and it appears that the kinematic structure was more important than the thermodynamic.Impacts include a reduction in crop yield and streamflows, and a slowing of economic activity.
Keywords: openalex:import

[View over the edge--nursing students completed an overseas practicum in Nigeria]. - Eigner, Robert; Manchia, Oliver; Buchwieser, Simone (PubMed, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The geochemistry of Archaean shales derived from a Mafic volcanic sequence, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe: provenance, source area unroofing and submarine versus subaerial weathering - Hofmann, Axel; Bolhar, Robert; Dirks, Paul H.G.M.; Jelsma, Hielke (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2003)
Shales of the ∼2.7 Ga Zeederbergs Formation, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe, form thin (0.2–2 m) horizons intercalated with submarine lava plain basalts. Shales of the overlying Cheshire Formation, a foreland basin sedimentary sequence, form 1–100 m thick units intercalated with shallow–water carbonates and deep-water, resedimented basalt pebble conglomerates. Zeederbergs shale is characterized by high contents of MgO and transition metals and low concentrations of K2O and LILE as compared to average Phanerozoic shale, indicative of an ultramafic to mafic source terrain. Cheshire shales have similar major and trace element contents, but MgO and transition metals are less enriched and the LILE are less depleted. Zeederbergs shales have smoothly fractionated REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 2.84–4.45) and no significant Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.93–0.96). REE patterns are identical to those of the surrounding basaltic rocks, indicating local derivation from submarine reworking. Cheshire shales have rather flat REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 0.69–2.19) and a small, negative Eu anomaly (average Eu/Eu* = 0.85), indicative of a mafic provenance with minor contributions of felsic detritus. A systematic change in REE patterns and concentrations of transition metals and HFSE upwards in the sedimentary succession indicates erosion of progressively more LREE-depleted basalts and ultramafic volcanic rocks, followed by unroofing of granitoid crust. Weathering indices confirm the submarine nature of Zeederbergs shale, whereas Cheshire shale was derived from a source terrain subjected to intense chemical weathering.
Keywords: openalex:import

STUDIES ON DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS IN PATIENTS AT JOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA - Ikeh, EI; Peupet, F.; Nwadiaro, CH (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2003)
An epidemiologcal and microbiological studies of diabetic foot ulcers were carried out in our hospital, with a view to reducing the amputation and mortality rate associated with the disease. Wound swabs from 38 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) foot ulcer patients were investigated using culture methods for both strict aerobes and anaerobes. The bacterial isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the disc diffusion method. Baseline biochemical and haematological analysis were also carried out. The prevalence of the disease was stratified in relation to some clinical and laboratory parameters, gender, age, educational and occupational status of the patients. The prevalence of the disease was 24.7%, with amputation and mortality rates of 18.4% and 15.8% respectively. Only 13% had DM for less than 1 year, while 53% for more than 10 years. 28.9% have regular shoe-wearing habits. Duration of healing ranged from 2 weeks to 24 weeks (mean = 2.7months). 31% of the patients with marked periosteal reaction had lower extremity amputation or died before amputation could be done. Staphylococus aureus (31%), Proteus spp (16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%), Klebsiella spp (6%), Peptococcus spp (6%), Bacteroides fragilis (3%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3%), Escherichia coli (3%), Candida albicans (3%), Streptococcus viridans (1%), Flavobacterium spp (1.5%) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus (1%) were isolated. Most of the bacteria isolates were sensitive to pefloxacin. Our results demonstrate a very high rate of diabetic foot ulcer with the corresponding high rate of amputation and mortality. A multi-disciplinary approach to the management of DM foot ulcers is advocated. Efforts should be made to carry out cultures of samples from refractory ulcers to rule out yeast colonization, which if not treated will delay wound healing. Key words: Diabetic foot ulcers, Microbial and antimicrobial surveillance, Refractory ulcers. (Af J Clinical & Exp Microbiology: 2003 4(2): 52-61)
Keywords: openalex:import

Implications of the prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity amongst South African primary school children: a possible nutritional transition? - Jinabhai, C C; Taylor, Myra; Sullivan, Keith (European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003)
To investigate the relationship between stunting and levels of overweight/obesity among South African school children, using two definitions of overweight and obesity, based on the WHO and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria.Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the nutritional status of primary school children, using primary data from a rural community-based study undertaken in 1995 and secondary data from the South African National Primary Schools (SANPS) survey conducted in 1994. Stunting was measured according to the WHO definition of -2 Z scores height-for-age. Two sets of criteria were used to measure overweight and obesity-the WHO/NCHS standard based on the 85th and 95th centiles and the IOTF criteria.The primary data source was from a rural KwaZulu-Natal community based survey. The secondary data source SANPS consisted of data at National and Provincial level; for this study only data from the province of KwaZulu-Natal was considered.Primary school children aged between 8 and 11 y of age; 802 from the primary data source and 24 391 from the secondary source.Moderate stunting ranged from 2.9 to 40.2%, and mild stunting ranged from 31.4 to 75%. The prevalence of overweight ranged from 0.4 to 13.3% (WHO criteria) and from 0.4 to 11.9% using the IOTF criteria; while obesity ranged from 0.1 to 3.7% (WHO) and from 0.1 to 1.5% (IOTF criteria). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed to be higher using the WHO definition than that of IOTF (0.05<P<0.10). However, good kappa coefficient (kappa) levels of agreement were observed between the WHO and IOTF definitions of overweight and obesity (kappa>0.55, in all cases). The levels of agreement in all cases were less for obesity than overweight (both ranged from 0.55 to 1.0). Females were observed to have higher kappa levels than their male counterparts; they also had higher prevalence levels of overweight and obesity across age and geographical group. Uniformly high levels of both mild and moderate stunting were observed both nationally and provincially. However, no excess relative risk of being overweight if stunted was observed in this study (P>0.05).Caution must be applied when using either definition for obesity. However, very high levels of agreement occur for overweight. There is no obvious relationship between overweight and stunting in this study, but high levels of mild stunting were observed. Regular clinical and epidemiological monitoring of nutritional status needs to be undertaken in South Africa to examine possible future trends of overweight/obesity and their relationship with stunting, and for comparisons with global trends.
Keywords: openalex:import

Entrepreneurial traits of undergraduate students at selected South African tertiary institutions - Louw, Lynette; Eeden, S. M. Van; Bosch, J. K.; Venter, Danie (International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 2003)
Developments in the global and national economies as well as the labour market, have made it necessary that more attention be paid to entrepreneurship and the updating of curricula presented by tertiary institutions. For this purpose reliable and valid information is required. The primary objectives of this article are to report on the levels of students’ entrepreneurial traits, to establish whether these traits are interrelated, and to determine the extent of the impact that demographic variables have on these entrepreneurial traits. A convenience sampling method ( n = 1,215) was used. The best developed entrepreneurial traits observed included: “Competing against self‐imposed standards”, “Self‐confidence” and “Dealing with Failure”. Statistically significant relationships were also identified between the entrepreneurial traits of students and the tertiary institution attended, and students’ gender, race and age.
Keywords: openalex:import

Crossing Boundaries: African American Teachers in Suburban Schools - Mabokela, Reitumetse Obakeng; Madsen, Jean (Comparative Education Review, 2003)
Previous articleNext article No AccessCrossing Boundaries: African American Teachers in Suburban SchoolsReitumetse Obakeng Mabokela and Jean A. MadsenReitumetse Obakeng Mabokela Search for more articles by this author and Jean A. Madsen Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 47, Number 1February 2003Special Issue on Black Populations GloballyGuest Editor: Kassie Freeman Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/345838 Views: 165Total views on this site Citations: 34Citations are reported from Crossref © 2003 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Christopher K. Flores, Denise M. Cumberland, Deborah Powers Black Men Wanted: Exploring the Situational Factors Related to the Retention of African American Male High School Teachers, Journal of Education Human Resources 80 (Jul 2022).https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2021-0046Justin Sulsky Barriers to Teacher Diversity in a Predominantly White District, Journal of Education Human Resources 32 (May 2022).https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2021-0035Larissa M. Gaias, Diana E. Gal-Szabo, Eva M. Shivers, Sharon Kiche From Laissez-Faire to Anti-Discrimination : How Are Race/Ethnicity, Culture, and Bias Integrated into Multiple Domains of Practice in Early Childhood Education?, Journal of Research in Childhood Education 36, no.22 (Jul 2021): 272–295.https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2021.1951403Darrius Alexander Stanley Blood, sweat, and tears : black women teacher’s organizational experiences in schools, International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 35, no.22 (Oct 2020): 194–209.https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2020.1828647Steven Drake, Joshua Cowen Deurbanization and the Struggle to Sustain a Black Teaching Corps: Evidence From Michigan, Educational Researcher 51, no.11 (Oct 2021): 27–39.https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X211051312Patricia Hilliard, Tawannah G. Allen Mitigating the Impact of Brown with New Pathways for Black Teachers and Principals, (Sep 2022): 1925–1940.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99097-8_127Patricia Hilliard, Tawannah G. Allen Mitigating the Impact of Brown with New Pathways for Black Teachers and Principals, (Nov 2021): 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39666-4_127-1H. Richard Milner Black teacher: White school, Theory Into Practice 59, no.44 (Nov 2020): 400–408.https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2020.1773180Yonghee Suh, Brian J. Daugherity, Jihea Maddamsetti, and Angela Branyon Experiences of African American Teachers in Desegregated PK–12 Schools: A Systematic Literature Review, Schools 17, no.22 (Nov 2020): 271–293.https://doi.org/10.1086/710947Jane Bolgatz Black Parents’ Perspectives on Instruction: Racial Realism at a Predominantly White, Independent, Urban Elementary School, Urban Education 58 (Apr 2020): 004208592091437.https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085920914378Bradley W. Bergey, John Ranellucci, Avi Kaplan The conceptualization of costs and barriers of a teaching career among Latino preservice teachers, Contemporary Educational Psychology 59 (Oct 2019): 101794.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101794Travis J. Bristol, Matthew Shirrell Who Is Here to Help Me? The Work-Related Social Networks of Staff of Color in Two Mid-Sized Districts, American Educational Research Journal 56, no.33 (Oct 2018): 868–898.https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831218804806Erikca Brown African American Teachers’ Experiences with Racial Micro-Aggressions, Educational Studies 55, no.22 (Sep 2018): 180–196.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2018.1500914Darrius A. Stanley, Terah T. Venzant Chambers The Case of Teacher Tracking at Leon Middle School, Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 21, no.33 (Dec 2017): 75–87.https://doi.org/10.1177/1555458917744841Daman L. Harris, Julius L. Davis The experiences of three black African male mathematics teachers in a same race and gender peer mentoring program, Journal for Multicultural Education 12, no.22 (Jun 2018): 172–182.https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-04-2017-0027Neena Banerjee Effects of Teacher-Student Ethnoracial Matching and Overall Teacher Diversity in Elementary Schools on Educational Outcomes, Journal of Research in Childhood Education 32, no.11 (Dec 2017): 94–118.https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2017.1393032Sara Makris Introduction: “Outsider Teachers” and the Case for Intersectionality, (Oct 2017): 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67447-6_1Sara Makris Teacher Narrative: Jamie, (Oct 2017): 23–32.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67447-6_3Julius L. Davis , Journal for Multicultural Education 12, no.22 ( 2018): 161.https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-04-2017-0023Andrea D. Lewis But, That’s Where I Feel Comfortable, (Nov 2016): 33–69.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95127-7_4Andrea D. Lewis Perceptions vs Reality, (Nov 2016): 71–81.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95127-7_5April Warren-Grice Advocacy for Equity: Extending Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Predominantly White Suburban Schools, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, no.11 (Jan 2017): 1–26.https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900102Jean Madsen, Reitumetse Mabokela Leadership Challenges in Addressing Changing Demographics in Schools, NASSP Bulletin 98, no.11 (Dec 2013): 75–96.https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636513514110Tambra O. Jackson, Gloria S. Boutte, Brandy S. Wilson Double-Talking: The Complexities Surrounding Black Male Teachers as Both Problems and Solutions, (Apr 2013): 117–131.https://doi.org/10.1108/S2051-2317(2013)0000001013Kerryn McCluskey The absolute necessity for a working model to support pre-service teachers of a non-English speaking background, Journal of Education for Teaching 38, no.55 (Nov 2012): 571–584.https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2013.739793Kerryn McCluskey, Cheryl Sim, Greer Johnson Imagining a profession: a beginning teacher's story of isolation, Teaching Education 22, no.11 (Mar 2011): 79–90.https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2010.542807Allan Walker, Geoff Riordan Leading collective capacity in culturally diverse schools, School Leadership & Management 30, no.11 (Feb 2010): 51–63.https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430903509766Paul Begley, Allan Walker, Qian Haiyan, Chen Shuangye Leadership and moral literacy in intercultural schools, Journal of Educational Administration 45, no.44 (Jul 2007): 379–397.https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710762418HILTON KELLY Racial Tokenism in the School Workplace: An Exploratory Study of Black Teachers in Overwhelmingly White Schools, Educational Studies 41, no.33 (May 2007): 230–254.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131940701325712Allan Walker, Chen Shuangye Leader Authenticity in Intercultural School Contexts, Educational Management Administration & Leadership 35, no.22 (Jun 2016): 185–204.https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143207075388Marvin Lynn Education for the Community: Exploring the Culturally Relevant Practices of Black Male Teachers, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no.1212 (Feb 2022): 2497–2522.https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810610801203Marvin Lynn Education for the Community: Exploring the Culturally Relevant Practices of Black Male Teachers, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no.1212 (Apr 2022): 2497–2522.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00792.xJeannine Dingus Community Reciprocity in the Work of African‐American Teachers, Teaching Education 17, no.33 (Sep 2006): 195–206.https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210600849623Allan Walker, Clive Dimmock Leading the Multiethnic School: Research Evidence on Successful Practice, The Educational Forum 69, no.33 (Sep 2005): 291–304.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720508984697
Keywords: openalex:import

Psychometric Characteristics of the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Inventory in South Africa - Mji, Andile; Kiviet, Agnes M. (Psychological Reports, 2003)
The psychometric properties of the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Inventory are reported, based on responses of 200 (88 men and 112 women) elementary science teachers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Previous factor analytic studies of this inventory have identified a two-factor solution but this has not been investigated in a South African context. The reliability estimated as internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) was .87. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation indicated a two-factor solution accounting for 38.1% of variance, with Cronbach alphas of .92 and .73 for the Personal Science Teaching Efficacy Belief subscale (Factor 1) and the Science Teaching Outcome Expectancy subscale (Factor 2), respectively. Principal components analysis of the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Inventory yielded two conceptually meaningful components, similar to those reported in literature. Although one item did not meet the conditions for acceptance, this inventory may be useful in understanding science teachers' efficacy beliefs in South Africa. These particular findings are preliminary but hopeful. Studies using confirmatory analysis to address the cross-national invariance of this inventory are needed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Reviews of Books:Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt Raffaella Cribiore - Morgan, Teresa (The American Historical Review, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

STRESS SYMPTOMS AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS AFTER THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TERRORIST ATTACKS - Murphy, Ronald T.; Wismar, Keith; Freeman, Kassie (The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 2003)
The current study examined stress reactions to the events of September 11, 2001 among African-American college students not directly exposed to the attacks. Within 3 days of September 11, 219 undergraduates (78.3% women) completed self-report measures assessing stress symptoms and other reactions to the attacks. The results indicated that many students experienced a variety of stress symptoms and distressing thoughts and feelings in response to the events of September 11, including academic problems, concerns about family and friends in the military, and fear about war. Most students were highly distressed by specific attack-related news reports and images. Anger toward persons of Middle Eastern descent was not frequently reported. Later college year and having parents not currently together were predictors of overall stress symptom severity as assessed by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Later college year also predicted academic problems after September 11. The findings are discussed in terms of intervention implications and suggested directions for future research.
Keywords: openalex:import

South Africa's role in medical training in Malawi. - Muula, Adamson S; Broadhead, R. L. (PubMed, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Three Educational and Moral Questions regarding AIDS among South African Education Students - Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S. (Psychological Reports, 2003)
Two objectives were explored: the extent to which undergraduates supported the admission to school of children with HIV, whether HIV sufferers were to blame for their illness, and AIDS was direct punishment from God. While 93 of 164 respondents did not think AIDS was punishment from God and 105 did not support exclusion of school children with AIDS, 75 and 49 held the opposite views, respectively. There was no conclusive support for whether HIV carriers were to blame for their disease: 70 responded yes, 75 no, and 12 I don't know.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of Culture on Team Learning in a South African Context - Ndletyana, Dorothy (Advances in Developing Human Resources, 2003)
The problem and the solution. The legacy of apartheid has left South Africa a bicultural society in which the normal divisions that often work to inhibit collective learning are intensified and magnified. This problem can be addressed by building on the tradition of Ubuntu to establish a balance between dialogue and discussion, encourage the use of narratives, and focus on participation as a form of power redistribution and giving voice.
Keywords: openalex:import

Training and Bioenergetic Characteristics in Elite Male and Female Kenyan Runners - Noakes, Timothy D. (Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2003)
By investigating the very best Kenyan female and male runners yet studied, Billat and her Parisian colleagues confirm that, like all great distance runners, the Kenyans are light (∼50 kg), with men about 10% heavier than the women. Expectedly, they have a very high capacity for oxygen transport. Whether or not this is the cause or the consequence of their superior running ability cannot be determined by a cross-sectional study design. Perhaps their most remarkable feature is their ability to run at a very high (∼94%) percentage of their peak treadmill velocity during races of 10 km. What biological factors, yet to be studied, might help explain this unique ability? My cursory analysis suggests that their ability to increase their pace in the last 10–20% of a race distinguishes the world’s best runners. For example, in his two most recent world 10,000-m records, Ethiopian Haille Gebrsellasie ran fastest in the final 2 km, with the final km the fastest by about 3–5% (4). This is paradoxical. How is it possible to run your fastest when, according to our current physiological models (5), you should be slowing down because of exhaustion? The popular theory is that the exercise pace is controlled by that delicate balance in oxygen supply and demand, which determines the rate of accumulation of those metabolites that purportedly regulate skeletal muscle contractile function (11). This explanation requires that all available motor units in the exercising limbs are active during exhaustive exercise. Or how else can these chemicals regulate the function of those quiescent motor units that have yet to be recruited? Yet any pace increase must indicate that all available motor units in the exercising limbs were not previously recruited. Or how else can those muscle fibers whose function is already limited by the regulatory metabolites, suddenly increase their individual force production? Rather this example suggests that the pacing strategy during exercise is determined by the regulated recruitment and de-recruitment of motor units (3,10) so that the highest levels of recruitment produce the fastest speeds. Accordingly, elite Kenyan runners may run so fast because they recruit a greater number of motor units in their lower limbs during competition. This could result from a superior capacity for oxygen utilization or other adaptations that reduce afferent sensory information to a supposed central brain controller (6) that regulates motor unit recruitment during exercise. Paavolainen et al. (9) have shown that integrated electromyographic (iEMG) activity reflecting neuromuscular recruitment is altered during running. Thus, iEMG activity in the lower limb muscles fell during a 10-km running trial, causing ground contact time to increase and stride length and running velocity to fall. But chemical effectors acting directly in the exercising muscles cannot cause these iEMG changes. Rather purported chemical regulators may act via afferent sensory feedback to unidentified control centers in brain and spinal cord. Subsequent studies have shown that neuromuscular factors also predict 5-km running time (8) and that explosive strength training improves 5-km running performance by altering these neuromuscular characteristics without changing aerobic capacity (7). Sir (Dr.) Roger Bannister, the first human to run the mile in less than 4 min, has written: “Though physiology may indicate respiratory and cardiovascular limits to muscular effort, psychological and other factors beyond the ken of physiology set the razor’s edge of defeat or victory and determine how closely the athlete approaches the absolute limits of performance” (1). More recently he has concluded that: “It is the brain not the heart or lungs, that is the critical organ, it’s the brain” (2). Perhaps it is now time to test, in those very athletes who have become his modern counterparts, the 50-yr-old theory first proposed in his youthful vigor, by one of running’s legendary icons.
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning and Reason in the Muslim West: The Case of Algeria - Oussedik, F. (Diogenes, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning and Reason in the Muslim West: The Case of Algeria - Oussedik, Fatma (Diogenes, 2003)
A genealogy of the relationship between Islam and knowledge focusing on the Muslim West and, in particular, Algeria explains the current chaos within Muslim societies. The West, on its side, has difficulties understanding a cultural tradition which differs from its own. Islam did develop an aptitude for knowledge that put into play ‘different intellectual modalities, among which were dialectic argument, intuition and controversy’. However, ‘the accession to knowledge is shown by assent’. A long tradition of debate and controversy drew to a close and was abandoned in favour of the exercise of authoritative and absolute power. Intellectual life in the region suffered notably from the successive departures of the elite, at the end of the Ottoman Empire, at the onset of the colonial period and upon independence. Colonialism founded a new system born of different traditions and entailed the breaking up of traditional scholastic institutions. After Independence, fewer and fewer interlocutors were capable of undertaking a reasoned critique of the West. ‘Mistrust with regard to the West’ translated into a ‘refusal even of controversy’. It is a vicious circle that can be broken only through a minimum of democracy.
Keywords: openalex:import

The effect of providing fansidar (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) in schools on mortality in school-age children in Malawi - Pasha, Omrana; Rosso, Joy Del; Mukaka, Mary; Marsh, David (The Lancet, 2003)
Malaria is a major cause of death in school-age (5-18 years) children in Malawi. Save the Children Federation helped schools in Mangochi District, Malawi, to obtain pupil-treatment kits, which enabled teachers to dispense sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine tablets according to national guidelines. The overall and malaria-specific mortality rates were calculated for the 3 years before and 2 years after the intervention was introduced; rates dropped from 2.2 to 1.44 deaths/1000 student-years and from 1.28 to 0.44 deaths/1000 student-years, respectively. School-based interventions could play a part in mitigating malaria.
Keywords: openalex:import

The African Virtual University and growth in Africa : a knowledge and learning challenge - Prakash, Siddhartha (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
The African Virtual University (AVU) has helped reduce the digital divide in Africa and proven that modern communications technology can succeed in Africa. It has raised the profile of the continent positively and helped establish Africa as a business address. Today, a number of Internet and satellite companies are eager to set up businesses in Africa. Regions such as the Middle East and Central Asia have also begun to think along the lines of the AVU. AVU training courses are helping shape tomorrow's business managers, women entrepreneurs, scientists and other professionals who will make effective use of the knowledge economy, to stimulate growth and development in Africa.
Keywords: openalex:import

Towards an Understanding of Gambian Teachers' Complex Professionalism - Roberts-Holmes, Guy (Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 2003)
This article discusses the complexity of Gambian primary teachers' professional identities. Following Pollard et al. (1994), three broad dimensions of Gambian teachers' professional identities were identified; an expressive commitment; instrumentalism and alienation. The teachers' described their emotional and political commitment to the 'noble profession' of teaching. This commitment was based upon the hegemonic discourses of Islam and nationalism. This was problematised with instrumental discourses concerning the lack of alternative employment opportunities and need to provide for large families. The teachers also articulated alienated discourses particularly surrounding the intensification of their work through the introduction of the double shift system of teaching. The article discusses the agency of teachers in articulating these three dimensions and notions of a composite non-unitary professional identity are discussed. The conclusion discusses the similarities and differences between teachers' professional identities in the North and the South.
Keywords: openalex:import

Familial and environmental determinants for wheezing and asthma in a case‐control study of school children in Palestine - Sharif, Nuha El; Abdeen, Ziad; Barghuthy, Fikry; Nemery, Bénoit (Clinical and experimental allergy (Print), 2003)
Our prevalence study on Palestinian school children aged 6-12 years showed lower rates for asthma and asthma symptoms than economically developed and industrialized countries. Reasons for such differences are largely unknown, and could possibly be related to different environmental and lifestyle factors.To investigate familial, early life exposures and indoor environmental determinants for asthma in children in Palestine.From the population of our previous study, a group of 273 children with wheeze in the past 12 months (of whom 99 children had physician-diagnosed asthma) were matched with an equal number of non-wheezing controls. This case-control study involved a parental questionnaire; skin prick testing (SPT) with mixed house dust mites, cat and dog dander, mixed grass, mixed trees pollen, Alternaria tenuis, olive tree and cockroach extracts; and serum for total and specific IgE for the same eight allergens.Paternal asthma and maternal hayfever significantly tripled the risk for their children to have wheezing. Previous diagnoses of bronchial allergy, bronchitis, pneumonia, or whooping cough, and positive SPT for house dust mites and cockroaches were significantly more likely among wheezing and asthmatic children than controls. Specific IgE levels for house dust mites and cat allergens showed significantly higher risk for reported wheezing. After adjustment for several environmental and sociodemographic factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis, paternal asthma, maternal hayfever, damp houses, cat and cockroach SPT positivity proved to be strong predictors for wheezing symptoms.Our study confirmed that familial 'atopic' diseases are significant predictors of childhood asthma in Palestinian children. Moreover, indoor environment such as presence of cats and domestic moulds also appear to play a role. Our findings are consistent with studies in Canada, New Zealand, Estonia and Sweden, and show promise to explore further gene-environment interaction in the genesis of asthma.
Keywords: openalex:import

Parasite control can start at school, say African scientists - Siringi, Samuel (The Lancet, 2003)
African scientists are meeting in Kenya to map out ways of fighting parasitic diseases that kill millions of people on the continent.
Keywords: openalex:import

Postmodernist Perspectives on Local Languages: African Mother-tongue Education in Times of Globalisation - Stroud, Christopher (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2003)
Globalisation carries a number of implications for developing communities. Although the extended use of African vernaculars would be one way for these communities to counteract some of the more negative effects of globalisation, educational uses of local languages are not the panacea they are thought to be. In fact, the way that local languages are managed and provided for in education tends more to reinforce the negative effects of globalisation than facilitate the promotion of local values, often directly contributing to a marginalisation of these languages and their speakers. The paper analyses some of the ways in which language-in-education policies have attempted to come to grips with this problem, employing Bourdieu's notion of legitimate language to provide a theoretical perspective. An analysis of how communities use language shows that indigenous languages coexist with metropolitan languages in complex configurations of speech practices. The paper argues that these practices should suggest a rethinking of the purpose, function and methodology of teaching languages in developing African contexts, building on the ways that local communities themselves use multilingualism to address power relationships inherent in the local–global configuration. The paper concludes with some implications that this stance holds for selected issues related to schooling.
Keywords: openalex:import

African American College Students’ Experiences With Everyday Racism: Characteristics of and Responses to These Incidents - Swim, Janet K.; Hyers, Lauri L.; Cohen, Laurie; Fitzgerald, Davita C.; Bylsma, Wayne H. (Journal of Black Psychology, 2003)
African American college students reported their experiences with everyday forms of racism at a predominantly European American university using a daily diary format. Their reported incidents represented verbal expressions of prejudice, bad service, staring or glaring, and difficulties in interpersonal exchanges (e.g., rudeness or awkward and nervous behavior). Both women’s and men’s experiences with interpersonal forms of prejudice were common, often occurred with friends and in intimate situations, and had significant emotional impact on them in terms of decreasing their comfort and increasing their feelings of threat during the interaction. Moreover, anger was the most frequently reported emotional reaction to these events. Participants were not passive targets, however, with many responding either directly or indirectly to the incidents. Findings from this study converged upon patterns of results found in in-depth interviews and surveys while also adding information to a growing body of literature on everyday experiences with racism.
Keywords: openalex:import

El Niño and drought in southern Africa - Thomson, M. C.; Abayomi, K; Barnston, AG; Levy, Marion J.; Dilley, Maxx (The Lancet, 2003)
Extreme phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been linked to precipitation anomalies in many areas of the world.1Ropelewski CF Halpert MS Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation.Monthly Weather Review. 1987; 115: 1606-1626Crossref Google Scholar Precipitation can increase during warm (El Niño) or cold (La Niña) ENSO events in some areas, whereas in others drought might be more likely. For example, in southern Africa droughts tend to happen in the December to March rainy season after onset of an El Niño event.1Ropelewski CF Halpert MS Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation.Monthly Weather Review. 1987; 115: 1606-1626Crossref Google Scholar The 1997–98 El Niño event was the largest this century; it was predicted with a high degree of certainty, and this prediction was used systematically by the international community to prepare societies for climatic extremes. Decision-makers in southern Africa knew about the possibility of region-wide rainfall below normal levels.2Dilley M Reducing vulnerability to climate variability in southern Africa: the growing role of climate information.Climatic Change. 2000; 45: 63-73Crossref Scopus (61) Google Scholar However, although many of the climate anomalies typical of an El Niño event took place around the globe,3Mason S Goddard L Probabalistic precipitation anomalies associated with ENSO.Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2001; 80: 1853-1873Crossref Scopus (188) Google Scholar the feared devastating drought in southern Africa did not happen. The present status of sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean indicate a moderate El Niño event (http://iri.columbia.edu). Any climatic and socioeconomic effects of this event will arise in southern Africa in the first half of 2003. The 1997–98 experience notwithstanding, southern Africa is a droughtprone region, in which disasters associated with drought have historically had a significant association with the occurrence of El Niño.4Dilley M Heyman BN ENSO and disaster: droughts, floods and El Niño/Southern Oscillation warm events.Disasters. 1995; 19: 181-193Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar We assessed the historical patterns of drought disasters during El Niño events in the region. We obtained the number of years (during 1980–2001) in which drought disasters were recorded for every country in southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) from the EMDAT global disaster history database (http://www.cred.be). With a logistic regression model, we compared the likelihood of drought disaster occurrence during the El Niño dissipation year with the likelihood at other times. We recorded a 120% increase in probability of drought disaster in the year after El Niño onset (p=0·0005). Health consequences of previous drought emergencies have included rapid increases in morbidity and mortality related to malnutrition, diarrhoeal diseases (including cholera), and measles. Understandably, the climate community in southern Africa has been reluctant to make dire drought warnings after the 1997–98 experience. However, parts of southern Africa are already in a precarious state. The region is presently the subject of a US$611 million United Nations appeal (http://www.reliefweb.int). On the basis of the present El Niño, good rains are unlikely to bring respite to the region in the coming (2002–03) season. It is precisely this combination—high probability of a hazard event coupled with high vulnerability—that is a recipe for disaster.5UNSOReport on the Status of Drought Preparedness & Mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa. United Nations Development Program Office to Combat Desertification and Drought, New York2000Google Scholar
Keywords: openalex:import

East African climate change and orbital forcing during the last 175 kyr BP - Trauth, Martin H.; Deino, Alan L.; Bergner, Andreas G.N.; Strecker, Manfred R. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2003)
Variations in the temporal and spatial distribution of solar radiation caused by orbital changes provide a partial explanation for the observed long-term fluctuations in African lake levels. The understanding of such relationships is essential for designing climate-prediction models for the tropics. Our assessment of the nature and timing of East African climate change is based on lake-level fluctuations of Lake Naivasha in the Central Kenya Rift (0°55′S 36°20′E), inferred from sediment characteristics, diatoms, authigenic mineral assemblages and 17 single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar age determinations. Assuming that these fluctuations reflect climate changes, the Lake Naivasha record demonstrates that periods of increased humidity in East Africa mainly followed maximum equatorial solar radiation in March or September. Interestingly, the most dramatic change in the Naivasha Basin occurred as early as 146 kyr BP and the highest lake level was recorded at about 139–133 kyr BP. This is consistent with other well-dated low-latitude climate records, but does not correspond to peaks in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation as the trigger for the ice-age cycles. The Naivasha record therefore provides evidence for low-latitude forcing of the ice-age climate cycles.
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceptions And Construction Of Meaning Of Urban High School Experiences Among African American University Students - Wasonga, Teresa A.; Christman, Dana E. (Education and Urban Society, 2003)
The perceptions of African American university students and how they construct meaning from high school experiences were examined. Five African American students from two large cities, attending a moderately selective university in the Midwest, served as a focus group for the study. An open-ended, semistructured questionnaire was used to guide the discussion for this qualitative study. Findings suggest that these students have transcended, to some extent, the attitudinal disconnect from serious schoolwork and separatism that often plagues African American students. The ability to develop interpersonal relationships with mentors and peers outside their own racial group (weak ties) provided more access to information and resources. The findings further suggest the desirability of a deconstruction of attitudinal disconnect from schoolwork among African American high school students.
Keywords: openalex:import

Uganda tries to learn from Zambia's GM food controversy - Wendo, Charles (The Lancet, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Race and Gender in the Contestation and Resistance of Teacher Authority and School Sanctions: The Case of African Caribbean Pupils in England - Wright, Cecile; Weekes, Debbie (Comparative Education Review, 2003)
Previous articleNext article No AccessRace and Gender in the Contestation and Resistance of Teacher Authority and School Sanctions: The Case of African Caribbean Pupils in EnglandCecile Wright and Debbie WeekesCecile Wright Search for more articles by this author and Debbie Weekes Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 47, Number 1February 2003Special Issue on Black Populations GloballyGuest Editor: Kassie Freeman Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/373962 Views: 88Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref © 2003 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Karin Forslund Frykedal, Marcus Samuelsson “What’s in it for Me?” A Study on Students’ Accommodation or Resistance during Group Work, Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 60, no.55 (Apr 2015): 500–514.https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2015.1024735Anne Koskela, Maija Lanas Fabricating expert knowledge of the behaviour of problematic students, Pedagogy, Culture & Society 24, no.33 (Jun 2016): 459–471.https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2016.1196232Maija Lanas, Michael Corbett Disaggregating Student Resistances, YOUNG 19, no.44 (Oct 2011): 417–434.https://doi.org/10.1177/110330881101900404Maija Lanas How can non-verbalized emotions in the field be addressed in research?, International Journal of Research & Method in Education 34, no.22 (Jul 2011): 131–145.https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2011.578822
Keywords: openalex:import

Urban African American Families' Perceptions of Cultural Sensitivity Within the Special Education System - Zionts, Laura T.; Zionts, Paul; Harrison, Sharonlyn; Bellinger, Odis (Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 2003)
The families of 24 African American children having severe emotional or cognitive disabilities who were receiving special educational services in urban communities were interviewed about their perceptions of cultural sensitivity demonstrated by the school district. This information included their perceptions of the level of consideration of cultural beliefs and values within the services and supports provided by the district and by other community resources. Semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed for common themes across families. Six themes emerged: (a) respect for parents and children by school personnel, (b) perceived negativity toward child and/or parents by school, (c) need for information and assistance using community support services, (d) desire for greater cultural understanding and demonstrated acceptance of differences by school personnel, (e) issues of quality and training among teachers and other school personnel, and (f) improved teacher-parent and parent-parent partnerships. For nearly all of the respondents, the level of parental satisfaction was closely related to feeling that they were respected by the school personnel.
Keywords: openalex:import

Study of classroom practice and classroom contexts amongst senior high school biology teachers in Harare, Zimbabwe - Gwimbi, Eric; Monk, Martin (Science Education, 2003)
Abstract Thirty‐three senior high‐school biology teachers in Harare, Zimbabwe, participated in the study. Self‐report data on school contexts was used to cluster the teachers according to their own perceptions of the contextual circumstances in their schools. The clustering differentiated self‐perceived better and poorer resourced schools. In theory lessons, teachers from the self‐perceived better resourced schools were observed to use less individual organization, less written exercises, more whole class organization, and more listening to the teacher than to the teachers in the poorer schools. In practical lessons teachers in the better self‐perceived better resourced schools were observed to use less whole class organization, less small group organization, more individual organization, less listening to teacher, less teacher explanation, less teacher questioning, and to conduct more practical. An interpretation of these findings is made in terms of the fit between a teacher's classroom practice and their self‐perceived classroom context. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 87: 207–223, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10056
Keywords: openalex:import

Applicability of an abbreviated version of the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) scale for use among Tanzanian students - Masalu, Joyce R.; Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug (Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2003)
The objective was to examine the applicability of an abbreviated version of the oral impact of daily performances (OIDP) inventory to Tanzanian adults attending the University of Dar es Salaam.A total of 1123 students (mean age 26.4 years, response rate 58%) completed a survey instrument designed to measure subjective oral health indicators including the eight-item OIDP frequency scores. After a period of 4 weeks, 228 students (mean age 24.6 years, response rate 65%) were examined clinically for the presence or absence of oral disorders.A total of 51% of the participants reported that an oral problem had affected them on at least one daily performance in the 6 months preceding the survey. Cronbach's alpha for the OIDP frequency items was 0.83 and 0.87 on the first and second administration of the questionnaire. A reliability coefficient (Spearman's rho) of 0.87 was obtained for the OIDP frequency scores. For five of the eight OIDP frequency items, the kappa values ranged from 0.60 to 1.0, whereas one scale item had the less satisfactory value of 0.22. Construct validity was demonstrated in that the OIDP frequency scores were statistically significantly associated in the expected direction with clinically observed oral problems and a global self-report indicator of oral health status, respectively.The OIDP frequency scale seems to have acceptable psychometric properties in the context of a descriptive questionnaire survey among Tanzanian university students.
Keywords: openalex:import

Illicit drug use, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviour among a sample of high school adolescents in the Pietersburg area of the Northern Province, South Africa - Madu, Sylvester Ntomchukwu; Matla, Ma-Queen Patience (Journal of Adolescence, 2003)
Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of illicit drug use, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviour among a sample of high‐school adolescents in the Pietersburg area (Central Region) of the Northern Province, South Africa. Participants Participants in this study were 435 secondary‐school adolescent students around the Pietersburg area (Central Region), in the Northern Province. Two hundred and forty‐three (56%) participants were female and 192 (44%) were male. They were aged between 15 and 19 years, with the mean age of 17.25 years ( s.d. =1.34). Their educational level ranged between standards 7 and 10 (Grades 9–12). Instruments Participants’ demographic variables were determined by use of a questionnaire which covered participants personal characteristics such as age and gender, as well as educational level. Illicit drug use, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking behaviour were also measured using the questionnaire. Results Findings of this study indicate the prevalence rate of 19.8% for illicit drug use, 10.6% for cigarette smoking and 39.1% for alcohol consumption among the participants. Both drug use, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are associated more with males than with females. The majority of the drug users and cigarette smokers indicated that they do so when they are bored, tired or stressed up, or at parties; and most of those who drink alcohol indicated that they do so at parties, weekends, or any other time. The mean age for first drug use is 14.9 years ( s.d. =1.77); 14.54 years ( s.d. =1.80) for first cigarette smoking and 15.33 years ( s.d. =1.91) for first alcohol consumption. Among those who drink alcohol, 24.1% and 14.1% experience unplanned drunkenness and irritability, respectively. Unplanned drunkenness is associated with males, while unplanned irritability (after drinking alcohol) is not associated with any gender. Conclusion Mental health workers and the law‐enforcement agencies should take note of the above findings while planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for the reduction of drug use, cigarette smoking and alcohol use and abuse among adolescents in the area.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Sangatronics project for electronics education in Zimbabwe - Collier, M. R. (2003)
Sangatronics is a nationwide programme to provide practical electronics instruction for students taking advanced level physics, comprising five-day courses at a youth camp, where an intensive combination of theory, experiment and recreation has proved effective for over 2000 students. The locally-produced electronics kits and course notes are described in the paper, together with an evaluation of the project.
Keywords: openalex:import

Satellites and education: a case study on Nilesat in Egypt - El‐Shishiny, Hisham (2003)
In this paper we propose some possible satellite uses in education with special emphasis on interactive data services such as digital data broadcast and turbo Internet. The case of the Nilesat satellite in Egypt is considered. A contribution to the identification and formulation of the best use of Nilesat to support national education programs in Egypt is given. Different satellite-based education applications suitable for the basic education, higher education and continuous education sectors in Egypt are proposed.
Keywords: openalex:import

A Constructive Conflict Resolution Training Protocol for Older African American Women - Weitzman, Patricia Flynn; Msw, Catherine Hardaway; Smakowski, PT Paula; Weitzman, Eben A.; ScD, Sue E. Levkoff (Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 2003)
Abstract We present the evaluation of a pilot videotape training program for older African American women in constructive conflict resolution. The program was developed because research shows: (a) older African American women suffer disproportionately from hypertension, (b) hypertension is linked to anger inhibition, and (c) older African American women tend to inhibit their anger in interpersonal conflict. Community-dwelling and institutionalized older women participated in the training. Evaluation findings indicate that the training led to increased knowledge of health-promoting skills for handling conflict, and that providing a brief group intervention in a familiar, non-stigmatizing setting may be an effective means of mental health promotion for older African American women.
Keywords: openalex:import

8 - Information and Communication Technologies in Higher Education in Africa: Initiatives and Challenges - Adam, Lishan (Métropole (Rabat), 2003)
African higher education institutions are at a stage where they are striving to im- prove their information and communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure, con- tent, and skills; making resources available to meet the growing needs of students and faculty; and responding to the pressure for effectiveness. They are also con- fronted with a dilemma of turning ongoing ICTs initiatives into opportunities and understanding what ICTs mean to the transformation of higher education in general and to research, teaching, and learning in particular. This paper examines the in- creasing role of ICTs in African higher education, ongoing initiatives, progresses made, and the dilemmas and challenges.
Keywords: openalex:import

2 - Formulating Higher Education Policies in Africa: The Pressure from External Forces and the Neoliberal Agenda - Brock‐Utne, Birgit (Métropole (Rabat), 2003)
This article analyzes the higher educational policies made for Sub-Saharan Africa by the World Bank and portrays its hostile attitude towards higher education development on the sub continent. Though an organization such as UNESCO holds up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that states “higher education shall be accessible to all, on the basis of merit,” the Bank insists on what it calls diversification of funding and “cost sharing”. The ramifications of these policies both at individual and institutional level are discussed. Some recent documents from the Bank now recognize the importance of the sector in Africa without, however, any apologies for decades of neglect. Despite increased emphasis on the sector, the basic tenets, such as more cost sharing and more privatisation largely remain. Furthermore, the article discusses language issues in African universities and calls for the need to nurture local knowledge development. The article underscores the great need for an education that is of Africa and for Africa.
Keywords: openalex:import

5 - Restore, Reform but do not Transform: The Gender Politics of Higher Education in Africa - Mama, Amina (Métropole (Rabat), 2003)
This paper uses gender analysis to reflect on the emergence and development of higher education in Africa. The available statistical picture indicates that despite the absence of formal exclusions, women’s entry into higher educational institu- tions—as students and as employees—has remained slow and uneven, suggesting the need to look beyond the numbers. The overall pattern of exclusion and marginalization is true for both administrative and academic tracks but is at its most extreme for senior academic and research positions. The persistence of extreme gender inequality is most easily and often attributed to external social and familial factors. Here, however, it is argued that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that, despite institutional and managerial claims of administrative neutrality, the institu- tional and intellectual cultures of African institutions are, in fact, permeated with sexual and gender dynamics.
Keywords: openalex:import

Pilot acceleration training in the Egyptian Air Force - Chelette, Tamara L. (2003)
The Egyptian Air Force is constructing an Aeromedical Research and Training Center in Cairo for the purpose of training personnel to meet the demands of high-performance flight. The Human Training Centrifuge is a key ingredient of the facility, providing rapid onset and sustained G/sub z/ exposure to pilots and air crew members for the purpose of teaching methods of increasing an individual's tolerance to extreme acceleration. The centrifuge, as well as six other physiological training devices, is currently in operation at a Dayton, Ohio, facility. The author describes the training concept, flight personnel selection, centrifuge requirements and components, and pilot acceleration testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Keywords: openalex:import

Destocking to improve food security in drought - prone Ethiopia - Tieke, Dereje Adugna (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Sexual behaviour of adolescents in Nigeria: cross sectional survey of secondary school students - Slap, Gail B.; Lot, Lucy; Huang, Bin; Daniyam, Comfort A; Zink, Therese M.; Succop, Paul (The BMJ, 2003)
Objectives To determine whether family structure (polygamous or monogamous) is associated with sexual activity among school students in Nigeria.Design Cross sectional school survey with a two stage, clustered sampling design.Participants 4218 students aged 12-21 years attending 39 schools in Plateau state, Nigeria.Responses from 2705 students were included in the analysis.Main outcome measure Report of ever having had sexual intercourse.Variables of interest included sexual history, age, sex, religion, family polygamy, educational level of parents, having a dead parent, and sense of connectedness to parents and school.Results Overall 909 students (34%) reported ever having had sexual intercourse, and 1119 (41%) reported a polygamous family structure.Sexual activity was more common among students from polygamous families (42% of students) than monogamous families (28%) ( 2 =64.23;P < 0.0001).Variables independently associated with sexual activity were male sex (adjusted odds ratio 2.52 (95% confidence interval 2.05 to 3.12)), older age (1.62 (1.24 to 2.14)), lower sense of connectedness with parents (1.87 (1.48 to 2.38)), having a dead parent (1.59 (1.27 to 2.00)), family polygamy (1.58 (1.29 to 1.92)), lower sense of connectedness with school (1.25 (1.09 to 1.44)), and lower educational level of parents (1.14 (1.05 to 1.24)).Multistep logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of polygamy on sexual activity was reduced by 27% by whether students were married and 22% by a history of forced sex.Conclusions Secondary school students in Nigeria from a polygamous family structure are more likely to have engaged in sexual activity than students from a monogamous family structure.This effect is partly explained by a higher likelihood of marriage during adolescence and forced sex.Students' sense of connectedness to their parents and school, regardless of family structure, decreases the likelihood of sexual activity, and fostering this sense may help reduce risky sexual behaviour among Nigerian youth.
Keywords: openalex:import

Reexamination of the Benefit of Publicly Funded Private Education for African-American Students in a Post-Desegregation Era - Brown, Kevin D. (Indiana law review, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Bahaaˊ'iˊ approach to the education in technology in Africa - Alastruey, Carlos F. (2003)
The author considers the global principles and questions to be analyzed when one is studying how to implement education in technology on the African continent. The main sources are the Baha/spl acute/'i/spl acute/ teachings and some of the United Nations' statements of education, development, and literacy. The author introduces some of the experiences of the Baha/spl acute/'i/spl acute/ International Community in this field. He examines what the Baha/spl acute/'i/spl acute/ community considers, the essential elements of programs of technical education.
Keywords: openalex:import

Differences in Self-Reported Intellectual and Social Gains Between African American and White College Students at Predominantly White Institutions: Implications for Student Affairs Professionals - Flowers, Lamont A. (NASPA Journal, 2003)
This study examined the extent to which racial differences existed in self-reported intellectual and social gains between African American and White college students at predominantly White institutions. Taking into account the influence of an array of intervening variables, African American and White students reported significantly different intellectual and social gains in college. Implications for student affairs professionals are discussed.
Keywords: openalex:import

The education and training of engineering and technical human resources in Africa and in winning industrial nations - Joubert, Darren (2003)
Some of the key factors that led to the rapid economic growth of a few developing countries are discussed. Particular attention is given to such countries as Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan. It is pointed out that it would appear that scientific, engineering, and technological skills are at the heart of gaining global competitive advantage, but that there must be synergy between the social system and the business and industrial systems for an economy to take off. Economic growth requires growth policies for the social, business, and industrial systems. The systems interact synergistically to bring about growth only if the key factors are energized by a coherent set of growth policies. Education and skills training in technology and the application of technology have a powerful influence on economic growth.
Keywords: openalex:import

Promoting technology and technological careers. The role of non-formal education in South Africa - Kramer, Dennis A. (2003)
It is noted that the promotion of careers in technology is difficult in South Africa. Good formal education in necessary for development. The crisis in formal education has resulted in the development of nonformal education which has been the vehicle for nongovernment involvement in education. Technology promotion has been via nonformal education. PROTEC, a privately funded nonformal program which is a good example of how technology and technological careers can be successfully promoted is discussed.
Keywords: openalex:import

African-American College Students Show Less Attachment to Their Pets than White College Students (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

African Americans Continue to Flock to Graduate and Professional Schools (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Cameroon: Peer education and youth-friendly media reduce risky sexual behavior (2003)
Cameroonian researchers at the Institute of Behavioral Studies and Research (IRESCO), with support from FRONTIERS, conducted an operations research project between 2000 and 2002 to assess strategies to encourage abstinence, increase contraceptive use, and reduce sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates among sexually active youth. The intervention combined peer-education strategies with media campaigns to promote healthy behavior among youth in the Mokolo neighborhood of Yaoundé. IRESCO trained 49 peer educators aged 19–25 in reproductive health (RH) communication strategies. The team coordinated educational talks, counseling sessions, conferences, and cultural and athletic events; produced comic books and brochures; and sold French and English editions of Among Youth magazine, featuring celebrity interviews and information on RH, unwanted pregnancy, and STI transmission. IRESCO evaluated the intervention’s impact through baseline and endline surveys of 2,500 youth in Mokolo and the control site, New Bell, in Douala. This brief concludes that urban youth in Cameroon are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and the risks of early pregnancy, but their behavior often fails to reflect their knowledge. Peer-education programs targeting youth through one-on-one counseling, theatrical performances, youth magazines, and sporting events increases abstinence and fidelity and improves consistent and correct condom use.
Keywords: openalex:import

Echocardiography in Nigeria: Experience from university of Nigeria teaching hospital (UNTH) Enugu (West African Journal of Radiology, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Fiscal Wreckage in California Higher Education Shuts out Many Thousands of African-American College Students (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Kenya: Communities support adolescent reproductive health education (2003)
Young people in Kenya have limited knowledge of reproductive health (RH) and face many challenges in their transition to adulthood. Chief among these challenges is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among adults and its increasing incidence among rural youth. In 1999, FRONTIERS initiated a three-year project in Kenya to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of interventions to improve adolescent RH. The project, implemented jointly with the Kenyan government and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), was part of a four-country study that examined ways to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. The study took place in six rural communities in Kenya’s Western Province. Two sites received community and health interventions. Two additional sites also received a third school-based intervention, in which teachers, peer educators, and guidance counselors were trained to teach a “life skills curriculum” that included modules on RH, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS. Two control sites received the prevailing government services. As noted in this brief, community, health, and school interventions in rural Kenya increased understanding and discussion of adolescent RH, including prevention of HIV/AIDS, and encouraged safer sexual behavior among young people.
Keywords: openalex:import

Safety Training Fellows Visit Japan, South Africa, and USA in 2002 and 2003 (Chemistry international, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

U.S. Labor Secretary Elaine L. Chao Visits With Victims of Child Trafficking and Tours Kokrobite Primary School in Ghana (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Egyptian high school students' perception of parental involvement and its relationship to approach and avoidance achievement motivation : a multidimensional ecological approach - Abd‐El‐Fattah, Sabry M. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

ENGLISH IN TERTIARY EDUCATION POST- ARABICIZATION IN SUDAN : AN ANALYTIC STUDY - Abdalla, Abdalla Yassin (Journal of Science and Technology, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The uses and gratifications of the Internet among Arab students in Egypt - Abdulla, Rasha (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Nutritional status and lifestyle among school adolescents in Gaza strip - Abudayya, Abdallah Hassan (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Issue of Quality in Nigeria Education System - Achi, Christiana (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Trends in eclampsia at Korle Bu Teaching Hospatal, Accra Ghana - Acquah-Arhin, R; Kwawukuwe, EY (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2003)
Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the current trend of eclampsia and the incidence in Korle Bu Teaching hospital Method: Case files of all patients who were managed as eclampsia from 1st January 1998 to 31st December 200 were reviewed Result: The incidence of eclampisa during the study period was 15.82 per 1000 deliveries and the fatality rate for eclampsia was 4.78%. About 36.25 of the patients did not receive any form of magnesium sulphate and about 47.5% of the patients arrived at the hospital in taxicabs Conclusion: The results suggested that the incidence of eclampsia had risen from 11.1to 15.82 per 1000 deliveries. It was concluded that magnesium sulphate should be made available in the district hospitals and the polyclinics. Protocol for its use should be circulated and enforced. In addition the ministry of Health could organize a pool of ambulance services for reasonable fees for the public. KEY WORDS: Eclampsia, Magnesium sulphate, maternal deaths. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol.6(1) 2003: 1-4
Keywords: openalex:import

Information and Communication Technologies in Higher Education in Africa: Initiatives and Challenges - Adam, Lishan (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2003)
African higher education institutions are at a stage where they are striving to improve their information and communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure, content, and skills; making resources available to meet the growing needs of students and faculty; and responding to the pressure for effectiveness. They are also confronted with a dilemma of turning ongoing ICTs initiatives into opportunities and understanding what ICTs mean to the transformation of higher education in general and to research, teaching, and learning in particular. This paper examines the increasing role of ICTs in African higher education, ongoing initiatives, progresses made, and the dilemmas and challenges.
Keywords: openalex:import

In quest of a special education programme for democratic school governance in South Africa. - Adams, F. Gerard; Waghid, Yusef (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Integrating the Arts in Africa: Theory, Practice and Education - Addo, Akosua O; Potgieter, Hetta; Miya, Florence Ngale (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Problems of Teaching Reading Skills in English to Nursery School Pupils in South-Western Nigeria - Adegbite, Adewale Bandele; Obilade, O. O. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The digital divide and university education systems in sub-Saharan Africa - Adeogun, Margaret (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2003)
This paper examined the concept of the digital divide, how the divide can relegate Africa to the background and how a transformed tertiary educational system can help to minimise the bridge between the information-rich countries of the North and the information-poor African countries. It is argued that if the barriers to accessing and synthesising information can be removed, African scholars and researchers can contribute significantly to global knowledge development. They can also adapt existing knowledge to enhance sustainable development in the African continent. (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science: 2003 13 (1):11-20)
Keywords: openalex:import

Management of Higher Education in a Period of Economic Recession: Alternate Revenue Resourcing for Higher Education in Nigeria. - Aderinto, John Adeboye (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Sources of Training in African Clusters and Awareness of ICTs: A Study of Kenya and Ghana - Adeya, Catherine Nyaki (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
This paper is based on a research study designed to assess the impact and potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) clustered in Kenya and Ghana; and to explore the effect of clustering on the ability of these enterprises to utilise ICTs effectively. The study focuses on types of training available in the clusters to understand how knowledge is shared or transferred and to examine the implications for the use of ICTs. The findings of the study show that most owners, owner managers and employees acquire skills within MSE clusters. It further shows that master craftsmen are the main agents of skill acquisition and upgrading, with formal training institutions and NGOs accounting for a minimal percentage. Training on ICTs was very limited
Keywords: openalex:import

The Principles and Content of African Traditional Education - Adeyemi, Michael Bamidele; Adeyinka, Augustus A. (Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2003)
(2003). The Principles and Content of African Traditional Education. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 425-440.
Keywords: openalex:import

Attending school : two 'Rs' and child work in rural Ethiopia - Admassie, Assefa; Bedi, Arjun S. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
Rural Ethiopia has amongst the highest rates of childrens labor force activity in the world. Children start assuming household and farm responsibilities as early as four years of age and on average contribute 29-30 hours of labor per week. This paper examines the consequences of working on the formal human capital development of children. In particular, we investigate whether the number of hours worked by children has an effect on school attendance and on their reading and writing ability (RWA). We detect a nonlinear relationship between hours of work and school attendance/RWA of children. Initially, there is a positive link between working and schooling/RWA. However, at between 16-22 hours of work, the reading and writing ability of children begins to suffer while school attendance is not affected. Beyond this threshold RWA and school attendance suffer. JEL Classification Codes: O150, J220 a Department of Economics, University of Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 8437, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, em: assefa_a@econ.aau.edu.et b Institute of Social Studies, Kortenaerkade 12, 2518 AX, The Hague, The Netherlands, em: bedi@iss.nl. We thank Niek de Jong, Gautam Hazarika, Jeff Marshall and Admasu Shiferaw for their comments.
Keywords: openalex:import

Role of school and community partneship in promoting school health education in Ghana - Adu-Mikeru, S (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Auto-ethnographic inquiry for professional development: Re-conceptualising science education in Mozambique - Afonso, E.Z. de F.; Taylor, P.C. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Power of labeling discourse in the construction of disability in Ghana - Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Curriculum Development and Education for Living Together: Conceptual and Managerial Challenges in Africa. Final Report of the Seminar (Nairobi, Kenya, June 25-29, 2001) (Developpement du Curriculum et Education pour Vivre Ensemble: Problemes de Concepts et de Gestion en Afrique. Rapport Final du Seminaire (Nairobi, Kenya, 25-29 Juin 2001). - Aglo, John; Lethoko, Mankolo (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Development and climate change in Tanzania: focus on Mount Kilimanjaro - Agrawala, Shardul; Moehner, Annett; Hemp, Andreas; Aalst, Maarten van; Hitz, Sam; Smith, Joel B.; Meena, Hubert; Mwakifwamba, S.; Hyera, T.M.; Mwaipopo, O.U. (2003)
This document is an output from the OECD Development and Climate Change project, an activity being jointly overseen by the Working Party on Global and Structural Policies (WPGSP) of the Environment Directorate, and the Network on Environment and Development Co-operation of the Development Cooperation Directorate (DAC-Environet).
Keywords: openalex:import

Policing Industrial Pollution in Nigeria - Ahmad, Ali Umar (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Developing Entrepreneurship Among Women With Disabilities in Ethiopia: Starting Point: Exploratory Surveys in Addis Ababa and Tigray Region - Aid, Ireland (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Parasitic dermatoses as seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City In Nigeria - Airauhi, LU; Onunu, A N; Otabor, C.U. (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2003)
The epidemiology and associated risk factors for parasitic infections causing dermatologic lesions were studied retrospectively over a five year period (1993-1998) in Benin City Nigeria. The study population comprised one hundred and fifty six patients (84 males and 72 females) out of a total of 1665 patients who attended the dermatology clinic at the (UBTH) during the period of study. Dermatological manifestations of diagnosed parasitic infections were recorded and related to the occurrence of parasite species in microscopically studied specimens collected form patients. 9.4% of patients seen presented with various skin diseases of parasitic origin. The most prevalent parasitic disease seen was scabies 115 (73.7%); others were onchodermatitis 16(10.3%), myasis 11(7.1%), wuchereriasis (elephantiasis) 9(5.8%), cutaneous larva migrans 3(1.9) and pediculosis pubis 2(1.3%). Infection was prevalent in all age groups. Overall prevalence revealed that patients aged 15 years and below had the highest infection rate of 60 (38.5%) while the lowest infection occurred among those who were aged 60 years and above. Dermatologic parasitoses presented as chronic persistent infections, which were sometimes severe especially in children. Infection rate was significantly higher among males (53.8%) than females (46.2%) (P
Keywords: openalex:import

Struggle and compromise: A history of South African adult education from 1960 to 2001 - Aitchinson, John (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The incorporation of Nigerian signs in deaf education in Nigeria : a pilot study - Ajavon, Paulina Ada (2003)
In a country like Nigeria with over 200 spoken languages and hundreds of dialects, many consider the talk of a Nigerian sign language emerging, an impossibility. research and results documented in The Incorporation of Nigerian Signs in Deaf Education in Nigeria, pilot Study, and A Dictionary of Nigerian Signs, Volumes I and II respectively, offers this possibility. This dictionary, the first of its kind, constitutes a good reference book in the implementation f the Nigerio/Americo Communication System for the Deaf, recommended for classroom instruction. This method, which promotes the use of Nigerian signs with supplements from the American Sign Language in classroom instruction, lays a foundation for the growth of a Nigerian sign language over time. provison of this dictionary, which is subject to expansion, would most likely speed up this growth. These books provide the deaf, educators of the deaf, administrators and all those interested in the education of the deaf in Nigeria and indeed in the whole of Africa, with a new insight into deaf education.
Keywords: openalex:import

Women Farmers Training Needs and Their Correlates for Effective Extension Programme and Poverty Reduction in Oyo State of Nigeria - Ajayi, Anuoluwapo O.; Farinde, A. J.; Laogun, E. A. (Journal of extension systems, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Causes Of Blindess Among Blind Students In Ogun State, Nigeria - Ajibode, HA; Onabolu, O O; Oluyadi, FO (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2003)
A total of 28 blind students in 3 schools for the handicapped and 3 regular secondary schools were studied between October 1996 and May 1997. They comprised of 21 (75%) males and 7 (25%) females. Eleven (39.3%) were of primary education level, 13 (46. 4%) in secondary schools and the remaining 4 (14.3%) in vocational training. The main causes of blindness were; corneal scarring/ staphyloma 11(39.3%), catarract / aphakia / couching 4 (14.3%), cortical blindness 2 (7.1%) and retinitis pigmentosa 2(7.1%). Eleven of the students with corneal blindness admitted to having measles prior to blindness. 6 (21.4%) of the students examined had conditions needing treatment i.e cataract, aphakia subtotal corneal opacities. From the study preventable and treatable conditions are responsible for over 70% of case of blindness in the schools studied. To reduce the burden of childhood blindness in the state relevant recommendations were made KEY WORDS: Blindness, blind students, causes, prevention Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol.6(1) 2003: 17-19
Keywords: openalex:import

Acquisition of the Inflectional Morphemes by Nigeria Learners of English Language - Akande, Akinmade T. (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender-Aware Analysis of the Federal Budgets in Nigeria (1995-2002): Focus on the Education and Agriculture Sectors - Akanji, Bola; Bonat, Zwaku; Salihu, Amina (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Medical education in Nigeria: Are we ready for the paradigm shift? - Akhigbe, K O; Akhigbe, A O (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

South African unit trust performance and strategy in a changing economic climate (1989–2002) - Akiniolire, A; Smit, E. V.D.M. (Investment Analysts Journal, 2003)
Previous studies show that interest rates, dividend yields and other commonly available variables are useful market indicators. Although this has produced new insights into asset pricing models, it has not been applied to the measurement of South African unit trust funds' performance. This study introduces a set of predetermined variables into the measures of performance of South African unit trust fund managers. Following Ferson and Schadt (1996), classical performance measures are modified to incorporate market indicators. The performance and strategy of seven South African general equity unit trust managers are evaluated over the period 1989 to 2002. The predetermined variables are both statistically and economically significant. It is concluded that when the conditional measures are applied to this sample of unit trusts, their performance improves. No evidence of market timing strategy is demonstrated under a conditional approach.
Keywords: openalex:import

Menarchal age comparis on between students of Abia and Ebonyi ststes of Nigeria Igbo Heartland - Akpa, Aoc; Etudo, A; Maliki, AO; Maliki, SO (Journal of Health and Visual Sciences, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher Training in Ghana - Does it Count? Multi-Site Teacher Education Research Project (MUSTER), Country Report One - Akyeampong, Kwame (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher Training in Ghana - Does it Count? Multi-Site Teacher Education Research Project (MUSTER), Country Report One - Akyeampong, Kwame (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

COMPARISON BETWEEN KUWAITI AND EGYPTIAN TEACHERS IN TYPE A BEHAVIOR AND JOB SATISFACTION: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY - Al-Mashaan, Owied S. (Social Behavior and Personality, 2003)
This study investigates the differences between males and females on the one hand, and between Egyptian and Kuwaiti teachers on the other. It also aims to examine the correlation between Type A behavior and job satisfaction. The sample consists of 406 teachers (109 females and 279 males; 253 Kuwaiti, 153 Egyptian). Tools used in this study are: Scales of Type Abehavior (Abdel-Khalek & Chukry, 1991), and job satisfaction (Cooper, Sloan, & Williams, 1998). Results reveal that there are no significant differences between males and females in Type A behavior, however there are significant differences between males and females in job satisfaction, organization structure, and satisfaction of organizational process. Results also reveal a significant difference between Kuwaiti and Egyptian teachers in the research variables. In addition to the above, results indicate significant positive correlations between Type A behavior and job satisfaction.
Keywords: openalex:import

Financing primary education for all: public expenditure and education outcomesin Africa - Al-Samarrai, Samer (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

That African teenagers may not die young: A Psycho-Educational blueprint for curtailing the spread of HIV/AIDs among African secondary school students - Alao, K (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Women and the politics of education in Niger Republic - Alidou, Ousseina (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Histopathology of orbito-ocular diseases seen at University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City - Aligbe, J U; Igbokwe, UO; Akang, E. E. U. (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2003)
Ninety-three biopsied lesions of the orbito-ocular region seen over a fifteen year period at the Pathology department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City were reviewed. The aim was to determine the morphological patterns and the age, sex and site distribution of these lesions. Majority of the lesions (43.3%) were found in children less than 15 years of age. There was no difference in frequency between the two sexes. 41.9% of the lesions were malignant while 58.1% were benign. The commonest site of orbito ocular lesions was conjunctival (55.9%), followed by intraocular lesions (24.7%). About 50% of the lesions of the orbit were inflammatory pseudotumours. Inflammatory pseudotumours also formed the majority (33.3%) of the lesions in the eyelid. However, squamous cell carcinomas were the commonest lesions of the conjunctiva seen accounting for 25% of these. Retinoblastomas formed 95.7% of the intra-ocular tumours seen.
Keywords: openalex:import

Drought and the evolution of well-irrigated wadi agriculture: implications for sustainable food security systems in Northern Darfur, Sudan - Amin, Khalid A. El (African Studies Review, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Experimenting in distance education: the African Virtual University (AVU) and the paradox of the World Bank in Kenya - Amutabi, Maurice N.; Oketch, Moses (International Journal of Educational Development, 2003)
This article seeks to accomplish three objectives. The first is to interrogate the efficacy of the African Virtual University (AVU), which is a satellite and information technology (IT)-based distance education system, sponsored by the World Bank in Kenya. The second is to demonstrate the failures of the AVU and the reasons why this has been the case. The third is to give recommendations on how to improve the performance of the AVU in Kenya. It is our argument that whereas the project may have had good intentions, such as helping Africa to catch up technologically, it has failed in its infancy.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching by the Book in Guinea - Anderson‐Levitt, Kathryn M.; Diallo, Boubacar Bayero (2003)
The Republic of Guinea in West Africa has a centralized educational system that controls teachers right down to daily sign-off on lesson plans by school directors. Yet, ironically, during our research on reading instruction in Guinea, we noted that the Ministry of Education was promoting massive reforms that seemed to encourage teacher autonomy. One was a project to improve teacher skills and support student-centered instruction in every elementary classroom in the country, a project supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).1 Another was the Small Grants School Improvement Project, supported by a World Bank loan, which encouraged local teachers across the country to propose school-level reforms and then compete for funding to carry them out (Diallo et al. 2001). An ambitious program of teacher recruitment and training, which had strong Canadian participation, was also framed within “a strategy of professionalizing teaching” since teachers “have to continually make professional decisions” (Diané and Grandbois 2000:8). Finally and of particular interest in this chapter, the nationwide distribution of a new set of textbooks, which was supported by a loan from the African Development Bank, had inspired Ministry of Education staff to argue that teaching methods should be “in the teacher, not in the book.”
Keywords: openalex:import

A Descriptive Study Of The Criteria Used For School Choice Selection And Preference Among African American Parents/Caregivers In An Integrated Magnet School District Of Choice - Anderson, Adunni Slackman (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Quality of basic education in Nigeria: An annotated bibliography from 1992-2002 - Ango, Mary Ladi; Ohiri-Aniche, Chinyere; Busari, Temi (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching of Agricultural Science at the Basic Education Level in Developing Countries: A Case Study of the Nature and Constraints at Cape Coast District of Ghana - Annor-Frempong, Festus; Zinnah, Moses; Visiting; Adam, Ibrahim Osman (2003)
Agricultural education is vital for economic development of most developing countries including Ghana. The central aim of the agricultural education at the basic level is to train students in the basic principles of agriculture, provide avenues for the development of their skills and change the attitudes of the young children towards agriculture. The study was undertaken using a descriptive survey design to assess teachers and head teachers’ perceived constraints to effective teaching of agricultural science at the basic education level in Cape Coast District of Central Region of Ghana. Pretested and validated questionnaires were used to collect the data from 54 randomly selected respondents constituting the sample size for the study. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the teachers were mature and experienced. Their major training in agriculture was at the training college level. Only a few have had in-service training in agriculture. Few teachers used supervised practicals at the school farms. Visits to nearby farms and seeking the assistance of resource people were never used. Constraints identified were related to technical aspects of agriculture, the syllabus, teaching materials, pre-service and in-service teacher training, teacher motivation, supervision, negative attitudes of students and parents towards agriculture, teaching environment, and evaluation. Action strategies to improve teaching of agriculture are provided.
Keywords: openalex:import

Minerogenesis of volcanic caves of Kenya. - Antonio, Rossi; Ermanno, Galli; Paolo, Forti (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Analysis of the presistence of the drought in West Africa: characterisation of the situation in the 1990s. - Ardoin, Sandra; Lubès-Niel, H.; Servat, Éric; Dezetter, Alain; Boyer, Jean-François; Mahé, Gil; Paturel, Jean Emmanuel; Najem, W.; Leduc, C.; Shakeel, Adnan (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS AND PRIMARY SCHOOL PERFORMANCE IN TANZANIA / доклад на 25 конференции IAAE, Reshaping Agriculture’s Contribution to Society, International Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 16-23 August 2003 - Arndt, Channing; Wobst, Peter (2003)
We examine the performance of the primary school education system in Tanzania over the 1990s - a decade characterized by substantial AIDS deaths. Given the relatively robust correlation between educational attainment and productivity established in the literature in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, human capital accumulation through education forms a major component of development strategy. At the same time, AIDS poses clear threats to the goal of human capital accumulation through education. To assess performance of the primary school system, we estimate non-stationary education transition matrices using a minimum cross entropy approach at the national, sub-national, and regional levels for girls, boys, and all students. Results indicate a deterioration in primary school performance using enrollments in grade 7, the final year of primary school, as a metric. This deterioration in performance occurred despite increased real resource allocations to the public education system and positive, if only tepid, overall economic growth trends. We conclude that the HIV/AIDS pandemic has quite likely slowed human capital accumulation in Tanzania.
Keywords: openalex:import

The experiences of African American student athletes at a predominantly White National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institution : a critical ethnography - Arnold, Damon Fredrick (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Sex Worker and Education Advocacy Taskforce: engaging with trafficking in women in South Africa: an NGO perspective. - Arnott, Jayne (Canadian Woman Studies, 2003)
The Sex Worker Education and Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT) is a not-for-profit organization that was initiated in 1994 to address issues around health and human rights within the sex work industry in South Africa. We are a service-rendering organization in South Africa that works with persons engaged in sex work and the sex work industry in the field of health and human rights. Our direct service work is limited to the Cape Town Metropole area and our advocacy and lobbying work around legal reform is on a local and national level. We are an organization that has developed national and international networking relationships and our work programs are informed through our direct work with sex workers in the Cape Metropole area as well as our networking with sex workers in projects initiated by other largely health-based organizations throughout South Africa. It is important to emphasize that we are a service rendering non-governmental organization (NGO). We are not a membership-based organization and do not represent workers or the industry. (excerpt)
Keywords: openalex:import

Antibiotic Misuse among High School Students in Calabar Nigeria - Asuquo, Anne E.; Epoke, J; Asuquo, E. E. J. (Mary Slessor Journal of Medicine, 2003)
Five hundred and sixty high school students from five secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria were studied for antibiotic usage. Questionnaires where administered to determine the following parameters: Knowledge of antibiotics, types of infections for which antibiotics were taken, sources of prescription and procurement of antibiotics, antibiotic dosage and first part of call on taking ill. Analysis of responses using Chi Square showed that the most patronized sources of antibiotics where patent medicine dealers (36%) and friends/relations (32.5%). Procurement of antibiotics from these sources was significantly higher than procurement from hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies (P=0.05). Antibiotic usage by today's high school students portends gross misuse with consequent great public health threats in the future. There is need for urgent measures to stem the trend. Definite antibiotic policies must be established to prevent the great ease of procuring antibiotics without prescription from unqualified medical personnel. Key Words: Antibiotics, Misuse, Students [Mary Slessor Jnl of Medicine Vol.3(1) 2003: 72-74]
Keywords: openalex:import

Review and development of environmental interpretation resources to foster environmental learning in two Kenyan schools - Atiti, Abel Barasa (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Influence of domestic labour and role expectations on the performance of primary school girls in Gucha District, Kenya. - Aungo, Bw' Onderi Justus (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Experiences of self advocacy, autonomy and decision making in two special schools for children with learning difficulties in Ghana - Avoke, Mawutor (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

A study of the relationship between headteachers' management practices and Kenya Certificate of Secondary education performance in girls' public secondary schools in Migori district - Awino, Joseph O (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training as a critical component of elephant research and management in Ghana - Ayesu, Samuel; Tetteh-Kumah, F.; Gyesi, H.; Baning-Darko, R. (Pachyderm, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS IN LANGUAGE NEEDS AND TEACHING STRATEGIES IN NIGERIA - Azeez, Tunji (ASSET:An International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Science, Environment and Technology (Series A), 2003)
The primary of needs in language syllabus design hardly needs emphasis.  In seeking these needs, however, extra-pedagogical factors come to interact wit learner’s experience to affect teacher and learner’s perception of their needs.  The strongest of these factors relate to socio-economic circumstances of the learners.  Since the provision of relief to these factors are not within the competence of the teachers either within the classroom, as part of the curriculum or inclusive in the reaching approach, method or strategy, a neglect of the effect and importance of these factors will adversely affect the effectiveness or success of the language teaching design or strategy eventually produced from learner’s needs assessment.  The primacy of socio-economic factors in needs assessment thus forms the thrust of this paper which reviewed learner’s needs in language syllabus design and investigated the needs of students in relation to their socio-economic circumstances in two Universities of Agriculture in Nigeria.  The paper found that learner’s  needs has relationship with their socio-economic circumstances as established in a null hypothesis to corroborate the survey.  Recommendations were made bordering on teaching strategies that will accommodate learner’s needs based on their socio-economic circumstances.
Keywords: openalex:import

Diabetic Retinopathy in African Americans: Vision Impairment, Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors - Baker, Richard S. (International Ophthalmology Clinics, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Diabetic Retinopathy in African Americans: Vision Impairment, Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors - Baker, Richard S. (International Ophthalmology Clinics, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Why some African Americans are choosing charter schools - Bakion, Rosalind (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Management and Treatment of Diabetic Children in the University Hospital in Rabat (Morocco): A Case of Partnership or Personal Initiative on the Periphery of a Medical School? - Balafrej, A. (Sante Publique, 2003)
In Morocco, at least 10,000 children under the age of 15 suffer from Type 1 diabetes. Due to the lack of appropriate management and care, these children are highly susceptible to repeated hospital admission and long-term disabling degenerative complications. With the aim of reducing the frequency of complications, a specialized outpatient clinic was created in the children’s hospital in Rabat in 1986. A multidisciplinary team provides medical care as well as initial training and continuing education to the patients and their families according to a standardized protocol. The 700 young diabetics who are monitored in the clinic are at present autonomous in the delivery of their own daily treatment and continue to improve. After ten years, this group of patients has experienced a diabetic retinopathy rate six times lower than since the onset of their illness. The program is administered in partnership and with the financial support of a private sponsor and assistance from a parents’ association. The program is designed in compliance with the WHO's Towards Unity for Health strategy and its core principles, namely relevance, equity, quality, and effectiveness. In order to achieve sustainability, the program needs to adopt a geographical management structure and more formalized relationships linking the partners. However, the program could be considered a laboratory experiment for Rabat's Medical School  in its search to create a wider social movement. This level of commitment implies recasting the focus of the medical training curriculum, promoting therapeutic patient education, giving greater attention to the hospital’s operations, and building sustainable partnerships.
Keywords: openalex:import

Man-made flood disaster in the Savanna town of Gombe/NE Nigeria. The natural hazard of gully erosion caused by urbanization dynamics and their peri-urban footprints - Balzerek, Heiko (Erdkunde, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education à la puériculture des jeunes mères Bango en République Démocratique du Congo - Bambanota, Gratien Mokonzi; Awongi, Augustin Issoy; Eyanganonga, Albert Kamba (Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

An Object-Oriented Software Model for Students’ Registration and Examination Result Processing in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions - Bamigbola, O. M.; Olugbara, Oludayo O.; Daramola, Olawande (2003)
The principles of Object-Oriented Software Engineering are employed to model a software application known as Undergraduate Registration and Examination Processing System (SPERU) for Nigerian Tertiary institutions. Rapid Application Development (RAD) tools are utilized in its implementation to achieve an excellent software system. SPERU is herein presented , as a typical instance of a well modelled software system, that testifies to the beauty, power and supremacy of the Object-Oriented paradigm The result of applying software predictor metrics indicates that SPERU is reliable and elegant.
Keywords: openalex:import

Indigenous drought coping strategies and risk management against El Nino in Papua New Guinea - Bang, Sergie; Sitango, Kud (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
In this phase, a study was conducted on the institutional preparedness to cope with future el nino-induced risks on agriculture. Although people suffered shortages of food and water, each community had various coping strategies. This paper documents the indigenous coping strategies used by people in six worst affected districts in the highlands and lowlands of PNG.
Keywords: openalex:import

Readiness factors for e-learning in higher learning institution in Tanzania: opinion of academic members of staff - Baradyana, Joseph S. (business management review, 2003)
Higher learning institutions in Tanzania, like others worldwide, need to take advantage of ICT to remain competitive. It is believed that organisations can save up to 70 per cent of their training budget when instituting e-learning courses. One obvious importance of e-learning is that the lecturers will not have to physically appear in the lecture theatres; students may cut down the cost of commuting to the colleges and save costs related to their accommodation and the enrolment may be significantly increased In addition, e-learning personalizes the learning experience and allows for greater flexibility. As such, employees interested in continuing education while employed can take courses around their schedules and at their own pace. The overall study objective was to determine the e-readiness factors for e-learning at higher learning institutions in Tanzania. This paper is part of this overall study. The paper looks at the factors from the lecturers' perspective. The paper reveals that several factors are important in readiness for e-learning. These include the learning mechanisms, e-learning culture, e-learning management support, facilitator and individual learner, the technology, content, and policy.
Keywords: openalex:import

Inclusive education in Namibia, Africa - Bartlett, Margaret A (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The relationship between person-environment congruence and fundamental goals for African American and European American, female college students - Bath, Antonella (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Human health and vulnerability in the Nyiragongo volcano eruption and humanitarian crisis at Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo - Baxter, Peter; Allard, P.; Halbwachs, Michel; Komorowski, Jean-Christophe; Woods, Andrew J.; Ancia, Anne (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to be Muslim : a case study from Morocco - Beck, Stephen Earl (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Aspects of Equality and Special Needs Education4 in South Africa: Reflections on Education White Paper 6 of the South African Department of Education: Special Needs Education — Building an Inclusive Education and Training System (July 2001) - Beckmann, Johan; Bray, Elmene; Maile, Simeon (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

AfricaDotEdu: IT Opportunities and Higher Education in Africa - Beebe, Maria; Magloire, Kouakou Koffi; Oyeyinka, Banji; Rao, Madanmohan (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The learning organisation as a management of change approach: a case study of the Dutch Police and the South African Police Service ( SAPS): a top management perspective - Beek, C.J. van (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Cultural influences on attitudes toward aggression : a comparison between Spanish, Japanese and South African students - Beirowski, Karin (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Cultural Mistrust, Self -Efficacy, and Outcome Expectations as Predictors of Academic and Psychosocial Adjustment for African -American College Students at Predominantly White Universities - Bell, Tyronn J. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The origin of pantellerites and the geology of the Eburru volcanic complex, Kenya Rift, Africa - Beltran, Velador; Jesús, Manuel (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

High Level Teaching Astronomy in Moroccan University. - Benkhaldoun, Zouhair (IAU Special Session, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Communication and teachers learning during training : a case study of the Secondary and Technical English Project, Mozambique - Bentall, Clare (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Classroom Pets Series: Pet Frog; Pet Hamster; Pet Guinea Pig: Pet Fish - Beren, Susan (Science and Children, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Local and Regional Droughts in Siliana Catchment, Tunisia - Bergaoui, Mohamed (2003)
Drought occurs when lack of rain persists and dominates a whole area and when cumulative precipitation is less than the normal. When drought occurs, necessity of management of water stored in reservoirs in order to satisfy water demands arises. In the paper, the identification and characterisation of droughts in the area of Siliana, Tunisia, during the period 1967–1997 is carried out by determining drought duration, cumulative deficit and intensity. Regional drought duration areal extent and areal cumulated deficit are also assessed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Lake-level fluctuations and Late Quaternary climate change in the Central Kenya Rift - Bergner, Andreas G.N. (2003)
Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion von Klima in historischen Zeiten im tropischen Ostafrika. Nach einer Ubersicht uber die heutigen klimatischen Bedingungen der Tropen und den Besonderheiten des ostafrikanischen Klimas, werden die Moglichkeiten der Klimarekonstruktion anhand von Seesedimenten diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die hoch gelegenen Seen des Zentralen Keniarifts, als Teil des Ostafrikanischen Grabensystems, besonders geeignete Klimaarchive darstellen, da sie sensibel auf klimatische Veranderungen reagieren. Veranderungen der Seechemie, wie sie in den Sedimenten aufgezeichnet werden, eignen sich um die naturlichen Schwankungen in der Quartaren Klimageschichte Ostafrikas nachzuzeichnen. Basierend auf der guten 40Ar/39Ar- und 14C-Datierbarkeit der Seesedimente wird eine Chronologie der palaookologischen Bedingungen anhand von Diatomeenvergesellschaftungen restauriert. Dabei zeigen sich fur die Seen Nakuru, Elmenteita und Naivasha kurzfristige Transgression/ Regressions-Zyklen im Intervall von ca. 11.000 Jahren wahrend des letzten (ca. 12.000 bis 6.000 J.v.H.) und vorletzten Interglazials (ca. 140.000 bis 60.000 J.v.H.). Zusatzlich kann ein allgemeiner, langfristiger Trend der Seeentwicklung von grosen Frischwasserseen hin zu starker salinen Gewassern innerhalb der letzen 1 Mio. Jahre festgestellt werden. Mittels Transferfunktionen und einem hydro-klimatischen Modellansatz konnen die restaurierten limnologischen Bedingungen als klimatische Schwankungen des Einzugsgebietes interpretiert werden. Wenngleich auch der zusatzliche Einfluss von tektonischen Veranderungen auf das Seeeinzugsgebiet und das Gewicht veranderter Grundwasserstrome abgewogen werden, zeigt sich, dass allein geringfugig erhohte Niederschlagswerte von ca. 30±10 % zu dramatischen Seespiegelanstiegen im Zentralen Keniarift fuhren. Aufgrund der etablierten hydrrologisch-klimatischen Wechselwirkungen werden Ruckschlusse auf die naturliche Variabilitat des ostafrikanischen Klimas gezogen. Zudem wird die Sensitivitat der Keniarift-Seen in Bezug auf die Starke der aquatorialen Insolation und hinsichtilch variabler Oberflachenwassertemperaturen des Indischen Ozeans bewertet.%%%%In this work, an approach of paleoclimate reconstruction for tropical East Africa is presented. After giving a short summary of modern climate conditions in the tropics and the East African climate peculiarity, the potential of reconstructing climate from paleolake sediments is discussed. As demonstrated, the hydrologic sensitivity of high-elevated closed-basin lakes in the Central Kenya Rift yields valuable guaranties for the establishment of long-term climate records. Temporal fluctuations of the limnological characteristics saved in the lake sediments are used to define variations in the Quaternary climate history. Based on diatom analyses in radiocarbon- and 40Ar/39Ar-dated sediments, a chronology of paleoecologic fluctuations is developed for the Central Kenya Rift -lakes Nakuru, Elmenteita and Naivasha. At least during the penultimate interglacial (around…
Keywords: openalex:import

Global Survey on Education in Emergencies. Angola country report. - Bethke, Lynne; Braunschweig, Scott; Díaz, M.; Quick, Diana (2003)
On April 4 2002 the Government of the Republic of Angola (GRA) and the National Union for the Independence of Angola (UNITA) signed a memorandum of understanding that ended over 30 years of conflict. During the war 500000 to 1 million Angolans died of war-related causes (ICG 2003; USCR 2003) and over 4.5 million people were displaced (UN 2001; UNHCR 2002a). Large areas of the interior were cut off from government services and much of the infrastructure was destroyed or abandoned. As many as 7 million landmines were planted (UN 2002a) which severely hinders the country’s ability to rebuild as humanitarian access trade and agricultural production are limited. The full impact of the war and almost total neglect of the national education system leave a staggering challenge for Angola’s government its international partners local NGOs and communities. (excerpt)
Keywords: openalex:import

Beyond access: an analysis of girls' and women's participation and performance in education in Tanzania - Bhalalusesa, Eustella (Papers in Education and Development, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Code-switching strategies in science lessons in Kenyan primary schools : an analysis of their contribution to the meaning making process - Binding, Matthew Paul (2003)
This study investigates how teachers in a rural Kenyan primary school use code-switching to help pupils to understand scientific concepts. The study takes place in a teaching and learning environment where English is the 'official' language of teaching beyond year three but where it is accepted by the education ministry that the English proficiency of most of the pupils may not be sufficient for them to fully access the science curriculum. It is, therefore, also accepted that teachers may use three languages, English, Kiswahili and Kigiryama, in the classroom, to explain scientific ideas. The study begins by considering some of the barriers to learning science concepts experienced by those who are taught in a second language. There is then an exploration of code-switching strategies as observed by other researchers many of which have been recorded within science lessons in other Kenyan primary schools. This study then uses observational and interview methods to investigate the actual use of code-switching within the lessons of standard four and five pupils at the target school. These observations, combined with those of other researchers are then used to produce a typology of codeswitching interventions commonly used by teachers during science lessons at the school at Mida Primary School. Following this a second literature review outlines a framework of the key features of explanation, clarifying how teachers use language to explain scientific concepts. The code-switching typology and this framework are then utilised to enable the analysis of six transcripts of science lessons at the target school. The analysis is carried out with the purpose of examining the contribution that each code-switching intervention makes to the meaning-making process. Some implications for teacher training are presented concerning how actual teacher behaviour, with respect of their use of code-switching, compares with what might be expected if trained for a planned use of code-switching when explaining scientific concepts. Also included in the study is a brief examination of other contextual factors that might affect the use of code-switching by teachers in science lessons and the implications that these might have on teacher training for the effective use of codeswitching. Finally, some suggestions for further research and an evaluation of the approach taken in this study are presented.
Keywords: openalex:import

Multiple Shocks and Downward Mobility: Learning from Life Histories of Rural Ugandans - Bird, Kate (Social Science Research Network, 2003)
This paper presents findings from research in rural Uganda based on household survey and village level participatory work with in-depth life history interviews. This allowed the exploration of trajectories into and out of poverty and found that the loss of assets and composite shocks have propelled a number of previously non-poor households into severe and long-term poverty. In addition, findings illustrated that those born into chronically poor households found few opportunities for accumulation and escape. Well-being decline was associated with a web of meso-level constraints and shocks which commonly combined negatively with household level shocks and socio-cultural or socio-psychological factors. Chronically poor households seldom faced only a single problem or constraint, and those who reduced the intensity of their poverty generally managed to do so as a result of several serendipitous events or factors combining. Shocks with a long-run impact include the fragmentation of families, following marital breakdown or the death of a parent. The repercussions of this were particularly strong for women and their children who could be affected long into adulthood. Ill health, physical weakness and disability were strongly associated with declines in well-being. 'Non-cooperation within the household', resulting in the theft and sale of stored crops or household assets, was associated with high (male) alcohol consumption, high levels of domestic violence and reduced levels of well-being for the whole household. Inter-ethnic conflict resulting in internal displacement, the loss of productive and household assets and the death of household members caused life-long trauma and declines into chronic poverty for many households. The complete absence of effective interventions for 'vulnerable groups' has left widows, orphans, the abandoned elderly, the disabled and the long-term sick with no where to turn. Difficulties in accessing markets, particularly in remote rural areas, means that the chronically poor, even the 'non-vulnerable', can rarely accumulate assets through selling their labour. With no surplus to save, low levels of human, social or political capital and few productive assets, the chronically poor's ability to identify and capitalise on escape routes from poverty are profoundly limited. Day to day levels of well-being are extremely low and they have little hope for a brighter future. Targeted social protection measures are clearly necessary to provide long-term welfare to some and opportunities to invest and accumulate for others.
Keywords: openalex:import

Multiple shocks and downwardmobility: learning from the lifehistories of rural Ugandans, CPRC Working Paper No. 36 - Bird, Kate; Shinyekwa, Isaac (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching in a globalised African context: reflections from the 45th World Assembly on Education for Teaching - Bitzer, Eli (South African Journal of Education, 2003)
Global economic integration is a reality that has increasingly materialised across the world over the past number of years. The prime question is whether Africa can become a worthy participant in an increasingly globalised economy and in what way. As business enterprises locate their operations in countries with potential for economic growth, they impact on the expectations for quality education and training. New sources of skilled, cost-effective labour are constantly sought. Against this background, education for teaching in a globalised economic environment presupposes a number of new expectations and immediate challenges. In particular, to train teachers in Africa amidst increasing globalisation implies idiosyncratic characteristics that pose a major challenge to higher education institutions. This article extrapolates, in a post hoc, reflective fashion, a recent international conference on education for teaching held in Namibia, southern Africa. Trends and perspectives from conference papers, discussions and resolutions are highlighted. In particular, dialogue at the African Education Forum meeting is interpreted to point out possible needs concerning future education for teaching professionals in the African context. Conclusions are drawn and strategies are suggested to assist (southern) African teacher education providers to comply with the expectations and challenges generated by the trend of globalisation on the one hand and the realities of teaching in Africa on the other. The challenge lies in finding a compromise between these two extremes. Higher education is to take the lead as it is the converging point of knowledge, ideas, research and training.
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Vernacular English and Variation in Teachers: A Question of School Philosophy? - Blake, Renée; Cutler, Cecilia (Linguistics and Education, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Barbaric Custom and Colonial Science: Teaching the Female Body in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan - Boddy, Janice (Social Analysis, 2003)
This chapter explores the process of reforming 'refractory' female bodies in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. It discusses the goals of the Midwives Training School in Omdurman and the methods of the British women who established it during the 1920s and 1930s in light of ethnographic data from the rural north. I suggest that while midwifery training had contradictory outcomes and failed to under mine the logic that underpinned the practice of pharaonic (female) circumcision, some aspects of it became woven into the fabric of Sudanese daily life in unexpected ways. Parties to the colonizing venture looked, inescapably, in two directions at once: to the imme diate situation in which they were mutually engaged, and to the respective cultural contexts of health from whence they came and in which they remained grounded.
Keywords: openalex:import

"You learn and learn and learn.... and then you are an adult": parental perceptions of adolescence in contemporary Swaziland. - Booth, Margaret Zoller (PubMed, 2003)
The developmental period of adolescence is explored in Swaziland from a multidisciplinary perspective. The study compares early anthropological research with contemporary interviews of Swazi parents. While the Swazi language, siSwati, does not have a term for "adolescent," there is evidence of a definite developmental period which could be defined as adolescence. Parents view this period as being qualitatively different from childhood and adulthood, but they also have gender-related interpretations of its nature and length. While biological maturation (especially menarche for females) is viewed as a vital step in becoming an adult, behaviors must be learned during this time (i.e., "adolescence") before one is completely of adult status.
Keywords: openalex:import

Seismic source study of the 1989, October 29, Chenoua (Algeria) earthquake from aftershocs, broad-band and strong ground motion records - Bounif, A.; Bezzeghoud, Mourad; Dorbath, L.; Legrand, D.; Deschamps, A.; Rivera, Luis; Benhallou, H. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Legal Aspects Concerning the Accommodation of Learners with Special Educational Needs in the Systemic Evaluation Programme of the South African Department of Education - Bouwer, Cecilia; Plessis, Anna-Barbara Du (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Transforming tertiary institutions for mass higher education through distance and open learning approaches in Africa : a telescopic view : perspectives on higher education - Braimoh, Dele (South African journal of higher education, 2003)
The recent global occurrences are in one way or another affecting many individuals, institutions and even governmental structures, particularly in the developing countries of the world. Those who are hard hit within the premise of our article, include the Universities on the continent of Africa, where their hitherto status quo as ivory towers is being challenged by private competitors while this situation has been aggravated by the fast dwindling financial support from their varying governments. In addition, the of democratization of education has inevitably led to the explosive demands by the citizens of the different African countries for open admission into the tertiary institutions as full time students but the universities have no absorptive capacity to meet the demands due to some perennial factors. Against this background, this article therefore, analyses the current spate of transformation process which is going on in most of the Southern African Universities. This is done using the telescopic view to assess the rationale, with a view to synthesizing the positive dividends which may accrue from the adoption of distance and open learning approaches in order to achieve greater accessibility and the massification of educational products. This is especially pertinent during this era of technology driven educational innovation, so as to make universities' programmes not only accessible but also relevant to the needs and aspirations of the teeming African population.
Keywords: openalex:import

The dangers of urban development: missionary discourse on education and urban growth, Belgian Congo (1920-1960) - Briffaerts, Jan; Dhondt, Pieter (Neue Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Formulating higher education policies in Africa: the pressure from external forces and the neoliberal Agenda - Brock‐Utne, Birgit (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2003)
This article analyzes the higher educational policies made for Sub-Saharan Africa by the World Bank and portrays its hostile attitude towards higher education development on the sub continent. Though an organization such as UNESCO holds up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that states “higher education shall be accessible to all, on the basis of merit,” the Bank insists on what it calls diversification of funding and “cost sharing”. The ramifications of these policies both at individual and institutional level are discussed. Some recent documents from the Bank now recognize the importance of the sector in Africa without, however, any apologies for decades of neglect. Despite increased emphasis on the sector, the basic tenets, such as more cost sharing and more privatisation largely remain. Furthermore, the article discusses language issues in African universities and calls for the need to nurture local knowledge development. The article underscores the great need for an education that is of Africa and for Africa.
Keywords: openalex:import

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Primary School Youths Related to Sexual and Reproductive Health in Malawi - Brueton, Valerie (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Drought planning and rainwater harvesting for arid-zone pastoralists: the Turkana and Maasai (Kenya) and the Negev Bedouin (Israel) - Bruins, Hendrik J.; Tropen, Koninklijk Instituut voor de (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Working the Pedagogical Borderlands: An African Critical Pedagogue Teaching Within an ESL Context - Buendı́a, Edward; Gitlin, Andrew; Doumbia, Fodé (Curriculum Inquiry, 2003)
The global movement of people has increased the number of immigrant students in countries such as the United States and Canada. The number of immigrant teachers working with these students has also risen, especially those in English as a Second Language programs (ESL). Scholars have argued that the increase in immigrant teachers, and teachers of color more generally, along with pedagogies that draw from the personal and collective experiences of marginalized students is a needed corrective to the overly white, Eurocentric orientation to teaching and content found in schools. This article examines these assumptions by documenting the struggle of one Senegalese-American middle school ESL teacher who was attempting to utilize the culture of his students as a dominant part of his pedagogy. The findings indicate that this teacher found himself in a school context where his political desires for immigrant students were modified by institutional structures and disenabling discourses about immigrants. What he enacted was a borderland pedagogy that had elements of the culturally relevant pedagogy that he sought and the assimilationist pedagogy that was pervasive within the school. The implications suggest that placing responsibility on these immigrant teachers to challenge assimilationist and marginalizing tendencies in the schools may end up blaming these practitioners for influential factors that reside largely outside their control. Consequently, to meet the needs of those marginalized by society requires work with and on the possibilities and limits embedded in these borderland spaces of schools, teacher desires, and communities.
Keywords: openalex:import

An all-round primary education in Kenya: Theory and practice - Bunyi, G. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Disparities in Access to Literacy Predictors among Primary School Children in Kenya - Bunyi, G.; Mumo, Kamau D. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The multi-faceted development of the athlete-student in the South African context - Burnett, Cora (National sun, 2003)
The aim of this paper is to explore the social worlds of African athletes who participated at the 7th All Africa Games in Johannesburg, South Africa. By reporting and interpreting data collected from 410 athletes from 22 African counties, of whom 343 completed questionnaires and 67 were interviewed, insight is created into their lived realities and the context of elite sport. Structured interviews were conducted with eight leaders of delegations (chef de mission), 11 managers and 17 coaches. The political aspects in terms of nationhood and the commercial-media axis of professional sport presented the context for the socialization process of athletes. The life and competitive realities, socio-political and economic forces that impact on the lives of African athletes pose unique challenges for all stakeholders to facilitate the multi-faceted development of athletes to equip for international sport competitions and for an occupation once their playing days are over. (Af. J. for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance: 2003 9 (1): 1-19)
Keywords: openalex:import

Has HIV/AIDS affected the Education Sector in Uganda? - Burström, Mona; Magnusson, Kristin (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Has HIV/AIDS affected the Education Sector in Uganda? - Burström, Mona; Magnusson, Kristin (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Invisible Females: Analysing Gender in the OBE-oriented Language Books for the Intermediate Phase in South African Schools - Buthelezi, Thabisile (2003)
In acknowledging that historical marginalisation of groups of people would be corrected through education and having identified females as part of the marginalized groups, South Africa as a country embraced the Education For All (EFA) principles, goals, targets and guidelines contained in both the World Declaration on Education for All and The Dakar Framework for Action (Department of Education-DoE 1999).
Keywords: openalex:import

Taxation and the Determinants of Public Spending on the Education of African Americans Under Segregation: Evidence from South Carolina, 1895-1960 - Canaday, Neil (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND PLURALISM IN ZAMBIA - Carmody, Brendan (Religious Education, 2003)
Today, Zambia has a comparatively unified, somewhat exceptional, approach to religious education despite a wide variety of predominantly Christian denominations. This article retraces the history of the development of religious education from when it was entirely confessional to the present time when it has become largely educational. In so doing it identifies some of the difficulties encountered and some of the problems that lie ahead in promoting an even more religiously pluralistic and educational approach to religious education in a country that has been declared a Christian nation.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Politics of Catholic Education in Zambia: 1964-2001 - Carmody, Brendan (Paedagogica Historica, 2003)
In colonial Zambia, the school served as a key means of Christian conversion and Church growth. During this period, the provision of education was almost the total preserve of the missionaries. Even by the time of Zambia's Independence in 1964, sixty-six per cent of the primary schools were operated by missionaries and about thirty per cent were run by Catholics. After Zambia gained its national Independence, this changed. As in other African countries, the state desired to control the educational system, which in Zambia's case it achieved not by a direct take-over but through legislation. As a result of the 1966 Education Act, the system became so centralized and bureaucratic while restrictions were so numerous that the autonomy of Church-run institutions became very restricted. At first, Catholic authorities continued to work within the system by even retaining their primary schools, but after about six years during which government tended to marginalize the Catholic agents more and more, like many Protestant groups before them, they handed over their primary schools to central government in 1973. At the same time, however, they continued to open and operate a number of secondary schools and two teachers' colleges. Nonetheless, even here, regulations created difficulties for promoting and maintaining an acceptable post-Vatican II Catholic and Christian ethos because, in accord with the Education Act, they no longer controlled intake of students, employment of staff, or direction of the curriculum. Frequently, Catholic institutions had a preponderance of non-Catholic students and sometimes of non-Catholic staff. With attempts by government to impose what it termed "scientific socialism" in the late 1970s and early 1980s, sometimes by appointment of staff who had been to Soviet bloc countries and were trained in political education, even the maintenance of a religious ethos was threatened. This continued until a change in government came in 1991. One of the first actions of the new Movement for Multiparty Democracy government was to revise the regulations affecting Church-run schools to enable them to become more autonomous and to encourage them to extend their commitment even by taking back some of the primary schools that had been given over in 1973. It thus introduced a new Education Act in 1993 which allowed Church-sponsored institutions significantly greater freedom in terms of financing, student enrolment, appointment of staff, and curriculum development. This article traces the history of Catholic institutions in Zambia between 1964 and 1991, illustrating some of the difficulties which they encountered while operating in accord with their ideals, especially the promotion of justice which became more explicit and central to Catholic education after Vatican II. It argues that the Catholic Church cooperated closely with government in a state-controlled system in the years immediately after Independence, especially in its attempts to provide an educated labor force which was so much a priority for Zambia at that time. It also supported the government's efforts to create an egalitarian society through the educational system even if it may have produced a more relevant curriculum for school drop-outs if it had greater autonomy. Catholic secondary schools never numbered more than thirty, in a country that currently has 256, and with the rise of basic schools have become even less significant statistically. Yet, Catholic institutions' academic programs merited repeated acclaim from government, while they became much sought after by parents and students, both Catholic and non-Catholic. Even when government grants from the 1980s onward became less and less adequate, Catholic institutions maintained high academic and infrastructural standards. They had books and equipment which were frequently the envy of government institutions. What they have perhaps lost in terms of proportionate quantity, they greatly gained in quality. Even within a tightly government-regulated system they made a distinctive contribution. While the Church did not entirely endorse much of the Marxist approach of the early educational reform movement, it was in accord with the ideal of equity which the movement propounded. However, when government leaned too heavily on what it termed "Scientific Socialism" in the late 1970s, the Catholic and other Church authorities resisted not because of its egalitarian direction but because of its suspected atheism. When attempts were made to replace religious education with political education and when the government introduced atheistic literature into their schools, Church authorities made frequent protests with only moderate success. Nonetheless, religious education remained a core subject in the basic curriculum while political education continued to feature. In more recent times since the change of government in 1991, the ideal of equity has become more difficult for the government to pursue because of its debt servicing and Structural Adjustment Program. Fewer funds are available for social services like health and education and so the government had to adopt a policy of cost-sharing which has made education less available to the poor. At the same time, the society is becoming more clearly divided between haves and have-nots while the educational system itself is becoming more clearly a preserve of those who have means. The Catholic Church is thus confronted more than before with a choice because of the autonomy which has been granted through the 1993 Education Act. It can remain closely integrated within the system which is not only of poor quality but, because of the government's policy of cost-sharing, tends to exclude larger and larger numbers of the poor. Alternatively, it can step out and present a model of school that continues to maintain the highest academic standards but which at the same time ensures that an acceptable Catholic, though ecumenical, ethos is recreated where the promotion of justice is pivotal. Thus, not only those who have means, but the poorest of the poor, will be accorded a fair opportunity to benefit from the educational system which has been at the heart of the Catholic endeavour in Zambia, certainly since 1964 but probably from the outset.
Keywords: openalex:import

Race and Inclusion in South African Education - Carrim, Nazir (IDS Bulletin, 2003)
IDS BulletinVolume 34, Issue 1 p. 20-28 Race and Inclusion in South African Education Nazir Carrim, Nazir CarrimSearch for more papers by this author Nazir Carrim, Nazir CarrimSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 February 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2003.tb00056.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume34, Issue1January 2003Pages 20-28 RelatedInformation
Keywords: openalex:import

Reaching underserved populations with basic education in deprived areas of Ghana: Emerging Good Practices - Casely-Hayford, Leslie; Akyeampong, Kwame; Ahadzie, William; Osei, Juliana; Quaison, Elvina; Sullivan-Owomoyela, Joan; Boahene, Frank; McAllister, Peter (2003)
Achieving Education for All (EFA) in Ghana and many parts of sub-Saharan Africa remains an elusive goal. Extensive research in diverse countries has revealed that formalized systems that work on fixed timetables, a loaded curriculum, and trained teachers, are often not performing as well in rural environments in providing basic literacy, numeracy, and other skills/competencies relevant to the local environment. Although Ghana has developed a variety of programs to help with EFA goals, EFA objectives and Ghana poverty reduction strategy suggest that reaching children in rural deprived areas demands more innovative approaches because of the harsh environment. Ghana's efforts to attain Education for All in the coming 5-10 years largely depend on their commitment to supporting educational services for 50% of the children currently out of school in northern Ghana. It depends on the policymaker's ability to look beneath the realities of formal education systems and understand the context in which learning takes place in deprived rural areas. Complementary education approaches are proving not only to be effective but essential in assisting children, who otherwise would not be reached by the formal system, escape the cycle of illiteracy and secure a better future. Following an executive summary, the report contains five sections: (1) The Challenge; (2) Research Design; (3) Preliminary Findings of International Study; (4) Preliminary Findings of Ghana Study; and (5) The Way Forward and Key Recommendations. Annexes include field study research questions; research activities; a list of non-governmental organizations implementing literacy programs; a list of civil society organizations; and impact level indicators. (Contains 30 notes, 14 tables, and 92 references.) (BT)
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of Tobacco Use among African-American College Students - Celestin, Michael D. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Southern African drought and low soil fertility (SADLF) project : giving smallholder farmers the maize seed they want - ., Centro de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Internacional (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Texture classification of logged forests in tropical Africa using machine-learning algorithms - Chan, Jonathan Cheung-Wai; Laporte, Nadine; DeFries, Ruth (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2003)
This Letter describes a procedure that incorporates textural measures in the classification of logged forests from Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The objective was to increase classification accuracy by applying recently developed algorithms in machine learning that are fast in training. Three voting classification algorithms, Arc-4x, Adaboost and bagging were also tested. Initial results using a decision tree classifier showed that adding selected textural measures increased the accuracy of logged forest classification by almost 40%, although the class accuracy for logged forests was only approximately 50% when using spectral and textural features combined. No further significant increase in the classification of logged forests was obtained by voting classification.
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of the African Girls' Education Initiative Country Case Study: Botswana - Chapman, David W.; Emert, Holly; Coyne, Botsalano (2003)
• Uganda represents a particularly interesting case of Sector Wide Programming. In implementing its sector investment policy, the Government of Uganda (GOU) has placed a hard ceiling on the national budget and, in turn, each sector has been given a spending ceiling. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) will start counting donor-funded, project support within these ceilings as of July 2004. Operationally, this means that donor support allocated to the Ministry of Education for a particular project will reduce the GOU allocation to the Ministry of Education by the same amount. Hence, external donor support will not increase the overall amount available for education. If the MOES accepts funds from an international agency in support of a particular priority, the MOES must reduce its allocation to some other area of current work. While this approach reflects the GOU’s commitment to fiscal responsibility, the inclusion of project funds under the budget ceiling will (a) limit the availability of external funds, (b) force Ministries to be very clear about their priorities and, (c) limit the ability of international agencies to shape those priorities.
Keywords: openalex:import

THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON THE EDUCATION SECTOR IN MALAWI - Chawani, Brenner S. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Leadership for self management : an investigation into evidence for transformational leadership in a primary school in Durban, South Africa. - Chengladevar, Sulochana. (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The use of the Intranet and Internet by teaching staff of the University of Zambia - Chifwepa, Vitalicy (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2003)
The use of the Intranet and Internet among academic members of staff at the University of Zambia was surveyed using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that the University had a well-developed network for both Intranet and Internet that was established to foster communication and access to both internal and external information. The paper concluded that there are some bottlenecks to the full use of the network. There is potential for full utilisation of the networks on condition that a policy to integrate the networks and ICT in general university management and running was developed and implemented. Af. J. Lib. Arch. & Inf. Sc. (2003) 13, 119-132
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS: awareness and education in Africa - Chimombo, Mayamiko (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Book review on HIV/AIDS: Awareness and education in Africa - Chimombo, Moira (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Role of Information Education and Communication (IEC) in Poverty Reduction Efforts: The Case of the Malawi Social Action Fund (MASAF) - Chinsinga, Blessings (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Conceptions of animals held by some primary school pupils in Gweru urban district of Zimbabwe - Chiromo, Alois S. (UNISWA Research Journal, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Development of a sociocultural curriculum framework within the outcomes-based education and training system in South Africa: the case for a culturally inclusive curriculum - Chisin, Alettia (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Globalisation, postcolonialism and development: reflections on postapartheid education restructuring in South Africa - Christie, Pam (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Intergroup Anxiety of African American and International Students: Pilot Study - Cinarbas, Deniz (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of Technology on the Academic Self-Efficacy and Career Selection of African American Students - Clark, Kevin (2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

The prevalence of health risk behaviours among high school students in the North West Province of South Africa - Coetzee, Mercia (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Managing Curriculum in South African Schools - Coleman, Marianne; Jolly-Graham, Mike; Middlewood, David (2003)
Abbreviations Series Editors' Foreword Preface Section A: Understanding Curriculum 1. The Nature of Curriculum by Michael Graham-Jolly 2. Theorising Curriculum by Janet Frame 3. On the Politics of Policy: State and Curriculum after Apartheid by Jonathan Jansen Section B: Curriculum Management: Practical Implications 4. From Policy to Action: Issues of Curriculum Management at School Level by Jonathan Jansen and David Middlewood 5. The Role of Senior Curriculum Managers by David Middlewood 6. The Role of Curriculum Middle Managers by Marianne Coleman Section C: Managing Curriculum Change 7. The Nature of Curriculum Change Management by Michael Graham-Jolly 8. Teacher Professionalism and Development by David Middlewood 9. Developing a Culture of Learning and Teaching by Marianne Coleman 10. Evaluation and Review by Marianne Coleman Section D: Managing Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) 11. OBE and its Implications on Teachers by John Gultig 12. The Role of Assessment in OBE by Henry MacIntosh
Keywords: openalex:import

Youth violence : an analysis of selected aetiological pathways in a sample of South African high-school males - Collings, Steven; Magojo, Thandekile S (Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 2003)
High levels of interpersonal violence - including common assault, aggravated assault, and murder - have been noted in recent studies of South African high school males. Attempts to account for these high levels of violence have focused on three broad categories of causal factors : (a) the desensitizing effects of exposure to community violence, (b) the role played by poverty and social disruption in the aetiology of violence, and (c) personal characteristics as mediators of violent behaviour. In an attempt to systematically explore the aetiological significance of each of the categories of causal factors mentioned above, structured questionnaires were administered to a sample of 561 high school males (aged 16 to 25 years) attending government schools in the Durban greater metropolitan area. Seventy-nine percent of respondents reported a history of interpersonal violence, with eight percent of respondents indicating that they had killed a person. The severity of both individual and group violence was found to positively correlate with the extent of exposure to community violence. Respondents who reported a history of interpersonal violence were more likely to endorse statements reflecting pro-violence attitudes, with individuals who committed violence in a group context reporting attitudes to violence which were more extreme than those reported by individuals who acted alone. Contrary to expectation, respondents' socio-economic status was not significantly predictive of violent behaviour. Further research is needed in order to assess the extent to which the obtained findings can be generalised to samples drawn from different social groups and from different geographical areas. Such research should ideally employ longitudinal designs and should be directed at attempts to : (a) Identify mechanisms and processes which account for the relationship between aetiological influences and violent outcomes, (b) explore the dynamic temporal relationship between aetiological influences and violent outcomes, and (c) address the much neglected issue of victim resilience.
Keywords: openalex:import

New Beginnings for Catholic Education in Burkina Faso - Compaoré, Maxime (Cahiers d'Études africaines, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Introducing an African Language for Teaching and Learning at Wits (Witswatersrand) University - Conduah, Aloysius N. (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2003)
Keywords: openalex:import

Higher education in Tanzania : a case study - Cooksey, Brian; Levey, Lisbeth A.; Mkude, Daniel J. (2003)
Historical background - The process & impact of institutional reform - The ingredients of institutional transformation - Economic, political & education sector transformations - Unfinished business - References - Appendices
Keywords: openalex:import