The Role of Leadership in Higher Institutions of Learning in Nigeria. Implications for Educational Administration in Nigeria - Ankeli, Audu Godwin (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, 2024)
This paper reviewed the role of leadership in higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. Implications for educational administration in Nigeria. Leadership is accepted as a backbone of the success of the organization. Leaders significantly improves the ability of their followers for the profit of the organization. Accordingly, leadership in higher institutions of learning is more important than other types of the leadership styles in the market, whereas educational leaders are directly shaping the performances of their students that in turn affects the market performance of the country. From this point of view, current paper has discussed the favourable characteristics and the importance of leadership in the educational system. As a result, it has been recommended to have decision making ability to improve the quality of the systems, sharing responsibility with the instructors, and providing positive culture inside the schools to improve lecturer and student performance
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Correction: Experiences of doctoral students enrolled in a research fellowship program to support doctoral training in Africa (2014 to 2018): The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa odyssey - Balogun, Folusho Mubowale; Malele-Kolisa, Yolanda; Jewett, Sara; Jepngetich, Hellen; Kiplagat, Jepchirchir; Morakinyo, Oyewale Mayowa; Dawa, Jeanette; Chandiwana, Nomathemba; Chikandiwa, Admire; Akinyemi, Oluwaseun; Olusanya, Bolutife; Afolabi, Esther Kikelomo; et al. (PloS one, 2024)
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Effect of climate change on “ Eichhornia crassipes ” infestation in Lake Tana Sub-Basin, North Western Ethiopia - Bayu, Tesfaye; Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih; Adissu, Solomon; Warsito, Budi (Sustainable Environment, 2024)
Climate change-induced alteration of ecosystem conditions can enable the spread of invasive plant species through both range expansion and the creation of habitats and conditions suitable for newly introduced exotic species. This research tries to evaluate the effect of climate change on ‘Eichhornia crassipes’ intensification in Lake Tana Sub-Basin, North Western Ethiopia. Land use land cover change was analyzed using ArcGIS 10.8 and temperature and rainfall data were interpolated to evaluate the effect of climate change on water hyacinth infestation. The result of the study shows that the area covered by water was decreased, whereas the area covered by water hyacinth was increased by 9.3%. The highest decrease −82.41% in land cover was recorded for savanna forest land which was found in the surrounding area of the lake. A significant amount of water bodies was also converted to wetlands due to the invasion of water hyacinths. The result also shows that areas with high annual temperature readings result in a high rate of water hyacinth invasion. The study also suggests that areas that receive high rainfall were characterized by having a high invasion of water hyacinth. From the study, it is possible to conclude that climate change facilitates the invasion of water hyacinths in Lake Tana. Comprehensive management strategies need to be developed by the government, policymakers, and environmentalists especially considering the positive use of water hyacinth.
openalex: W4391682362
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Introducing a Supportive Framework to Address Students’ Misconceptions and Difficulties in the Learning Mathematical Proof Techniques: A Case of Debark University in Ethiopia - Belay, Aschale Moges; Machaba, Masilo France; Makgakga, Tšhegofatšo Phuti (Research in social sciences and technology, 2024)
This research article is about "Introducing a Supportive Framework to Address Students' Misconceptions and Difficulties in Learning Mathematical proof techniques (MPT): A Case of Debark University”. This study aims to develop, introduce, and implement a supportive framework to overcome students’ misconceptions and difficulties in MPT. The framework, named IR2CP2CE, was developed, introduced, and implemented at Debark University in Ethiopia using various data-gathering instruments such as questionnaires, interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis from students and instructors. The study collected data over four months, including the implementation of a supportive framework using mixed, quasi-experimental, and pragmatism research approaches, designs, and paradigms respectively. The internal reliability of the data-gathering instruments was interpreted using Cronbach’s coefficient, Spearman-Brown, Spearman correlations, Kuder-Richardson 20 and 21, and difficulty and discrimination indices. The results showed that the implementation of the supportive framework led to significant improvements in students’ academic performance in MPT, regardless of factors such as gender, academic year category, and preliminary knowledge and proving skills. This study recommends additional imperatives for practice and future research.
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“They Do Not Perceive Us as People”: Women with Disabilities’ Access to Key Social Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Zimbabwean Case Study - Chadambuka, Patience; Muridzo, Noel Garikai; Hungwe, Chipo; Mugari, Zvenyika Eckson (Journal of human rights and social work, 2024)
openalex: W4391685379
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Origins of non-racial school sport in South Africa - Cleophas, Francois Johannes (Sport in Society, 2024)
This article explored the political-organisational origins of non-racial school sport in South Africa. The focus was on identifying key role players and events of this particular history. It begins with a presentation of political-historical themes of resistance and accomodationism in South African education during the 1950s and 1960s. Next, it proceeds with a historical layout of the formation of the South African School Sports Board. This was an ineffective organisation steeped in conservative politics and was accused by its detractors of collaboration with the Apartheid state. After its demise, the South African Senior Schools’ Sports Association and South African Primary Schools Sports Association emerged. These two organisations proved much more effective than their predecessor. The article concludes by showing how school sport organisations provided learners and teachers national participation opportunity, despite limitations on participation imposed by the Apartheid regime.
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Minimal training of fieldworkers in resource-poor settings for rapid assessment of scabies prevalence: a diagnostic accuracy study in Mopeia, Mozambique - Furnival‐Adams, Joanna; López, V.; Hurtado, Hansel Mundaca; Houana, Amelia; Macucha, Antonio; Elobolobo, Eldo; Xerinda, Aida; Munguambe, Humberto; Materrula, Felisbela; Rabinovich, I.M.; Engelman, Daniel; Chaccour, Carlos (medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2024)
Background Scabies is endemic in many tropical, resource-poor areas, causing significant morbidity. Our understanding of the true burden of scabies in Africa is very limited, and we lack tools to accurately assess its prevalence, given our reliance on highly qualified doctors and microscopy for diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of minimally trained fieldworker diagnosis of scabies, compared to diagnosis by experienced medical doctors. Methodology We trained 62 fieldworkers with a minimum of secondary school education in the diagnosis of scabies (categorized as either clinical or suspected), and in terms of severity, based on lesion count. Immediately after the training, we assessed their knowledge based on written assessments. We also assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a sub-sample of the fieldworkers in the field compared to the reference standard (experienced medical doctors). 193 individuals were assessed for scabies. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were calculated, as well as agreement (kappa coefficients) between medical doctors and between fieldworkers. Results The overall median results in written assessments were around 80%. Of the 193 people assessed for scabies, 27% were classified as having scabies according to the reference standard. The sensitivity of fieldworker diagnosis compared to the reference standard was 95% (95%CI 93 -100), and the specificity was 99% (95%CI 99-100). The sensitivity for severe scabies was lower at 64% (95%CI 51-75), and the mean specificity was 100%. Kappa coefficients were 1.00 between medical doctors and 0.95 between fieldworkers. Conclusions Fieldworkers without medical qualifications were capable of diagnosing scabies to a similar level of accuracy as experienced medical doctors, after a short period of focal training. This may facilitate rapid assessments of scabies prevalence for public health purposes and decisions about MDA implementation in similar settings.
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The qualitative and quantitative measurements of quality education for-and-against standards and indicators of high, medium and low performing primary schools in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia - Geletu, Girma Moti (Education 3-13, 2024)
openalex: W4391677045
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Review of: "Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt" - Gerbens-Leenes, P.W. (2024)
openalex: W4391684073
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Adapting a complex violence prevention intervention: a case study of the Good School Toolkit in Uganda - Grundlingh, Heidi; Kyegombe, Nambusi; Namy, Sophie; Nakuti, Janet; Laruni, Yvonne; Nanyunja, Barbrah; Muluusi, Hassan; Nakiboneka, Mastula; Mukuwa, Aggrey; Tanton, Clare; Knight, Louise; Naker, Dipak; et al. (BMC Public Health, 2024)
Abstract Background Adaptation is a key strategy to extend the reach of evidence-based interventions to prevent violence in new populations, but there is a dearth of practical case examples. The Good School Toolkit was developed by Ugandan NGO Raising Voices for use in primary schools (GST-P). We describe our systematic approach to adapting the GST-P for use in secondary schools in Uganda, and reflect on the utility of the process as well as limitations of existing adaptation frameworks. Methods We adapted the GST-P in four phases, which included: I) clarifying the logic model and core intervention components using a streamlined process; II) conducting formative research (cross-sectional survey, focus groups, etc.) to understand the new population; III) selecting and preparing new intervention components and modifying existing intervention components; and IV) pretesting new intervention components with teachers and students in Uganda. Results We identified core components using a logic model. Formative research showed results largely in line with our apriori hypotheses. Teacher violence remained highly prevalent in secondary versus primary schools (> 65% of secondary students reported past year exposure), while peer violence significantly increased (secondary = 52% vs. primary girls = 40%, P < 0.001; secondary = 54% vs. primary boys = 44%, P = 0.009) in secondary versus primary schools. Significantly more secondary girls (51%) than secondary boys (45%) reported past year dating/intimate partner violence ( P = 0.03). Inequitable, gendered educational practices emerged as a salient theme, perceived to heighten female students’ vulnerability to violence. In light of these findings, we made several adjustments to the adapted intervention. We strengthened existing teacher and peer violence intervention components. We also developed, pretested and revised new program components to prevent dating violence and promote ‘gender fairness in schools’. Finally, original activities were modified to support engagement with school administration and promote increased student agency in secondary schools. Conclusions Based on our experience, it was difficult to apply mechanistic models to clarify the intervention logic of the GST-P, a complex multicomponent intervention, and simpler methods may be sufficient. Our team had high levels of contextual knowledge before the adaptation, and formative research to understand the new target population provided only limited additional insight. In similar situations, a simplified approach to mapping the core intervention components, qualitative research to understand the new target population, and pre-testing of new intervention components may be the most informative elements of systematic adaptation processes.
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Coupled Impacts of Soil Acidification and Climate Change on Future Crop Suitability in Ethiopia - Jimma, Tamirat B.; Chemura, Abel; Spillane, Charles; Demissie, Teferi; Abera, Wuletawu; Ture, Kassahun; Terefe, Tadesse; Solomon, Dawit; Gleixner, Stephanie (Sustainability, 2024)
Agricultural sustainability faces challenges in the changing climate, particularly for rain-fed systems like those in Ethiopia. This study examines the combined impacts of climate change and soil acidity on future crop potential, focusing on Ethiopia as a case study. The EcoCrop crop suitability model was parameterized and run for four key food crops in Ethiopia (teff, maize, barley and common wheat), under current and mid-century climate conditions. To assess the impacts of soil acidification on crop suitability, a simulation study was conducted by lowering the soil pH values by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 and re-running the suitability model, comparing the changes in the area suitable for each crop. Our evaluation of the model, by comparing the modeled suitable areas with reference data, indicated that there was a good fit for all the four crops. Using default soil pH values, we project that there will be no significant changes in the suitability of maize, barley and wheat and an increase in the suitability of teff by the mid-century, as influenced by projected increases in rainfall in the country. Our results demonstrate a direct relationship between the lowering of soil pH and increasing losses in the area suitable for all crops, but especially for teff, barley and wheat. We conclude that soil acidification can have a strong impact on crop suitability in Ethiopia under climate change, and precautionary measures to avoid soil acidification should be a key element in the design of climate change adaptation strategies.
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Towards Gamification of Science and Mathematics in Upper Primary Schools in Uganda - Kanagwa, Benjamin; Kahiigi, Evelyn Kigozi; Semwanga, Agnes Rwashana; Siminyu, Samuel Ndeda; Lubowa, Paul (Research Square (Research Square), 2024)
Abstract The research involved a needs assessment study for the application of gamification technology in teaching and learning of science and mathematics in upper primary (P5, P6 and P7)- typically 10 to 13 year olds. Gamification in education has been praised to create competition, critical thinking and collaborative engagement, which support construction of new knowledge, thus creating a positive learning environment. The research aim was to establish the challenging topics (hard to understand) in Science and Mathematics developing computer based gamification that would be used to support the teaching and learning. Additionally the research was used to identify the ICT training needs of the staff. It was observed that topics that relate to systems such as digestive system, blood circulation system, reproductive system were challenging in science. Challenging topics in mathematics included integers, sets and fractions.
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Perceptions, knowledge, and perceived competencies of South African speech-language pathologists to render transgender voice and communication training - Maasz, Johan Jacobus; Linde, Jeannie van der; Milton, Carmen; Graham, Marien Alet; Toit, Maria du (International journal of transgender health (Print), 2024)
Background Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) receive extensive education and training on voice and voice disorders. Therefore, they are integral in rendering transgender voice and communication training (TVCT), as part of their scope of practice. Research has, however, identified a lack of confidence in SLPs to render this service due to a perceived lack of education, knowledge, and clinical exposure.
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The Influence of School Heads’ Motivation Strategies on Teachers’ Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Arusha Region, Tanzania - Mnjokava, Christine Elisante Mnjokava (Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education, 2024)
This study investigated the influence of school heads’ motivation strategies on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Arusha Region, Tanzania. Objectives were to; assess the status of teachers’ performance in public secondary schools and determine the influence of school heads’ motivation strategies on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Arusha Region. Motivation management and Walberg’s achievement theories guided the study. Mixed methods approach and concurrent triangulation research design were adopted. Questionnaires and an interview guide were used to collect data from 88 teachers and 8 school heads. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select teachers while school heads were purposively sampled. Validity was established through expert judgment. The reliability index, TQ; r=0.78for questionnaire was obtained using Split Half method. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferentially using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis in the SPSS version 23. Results were presented in tables. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed alongside research questions and presented in narrative forms. Findings established that many teachers were not able to cover syllabus in time which occasioned low CSEE performance, partly attributed to inadequate motivation strategies adopted by school heads. In conclusion, any form of motivation plays an important role in improving teachers’ timely syllabus coverage and improved students’ academic performance. The study recommends that school heads should create new strategies for motivating teaching staff to boost their morale. Education stakeholders should provide funds to provide conducive working environment through comfortable accommodation, accessible healthcare services and security.
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Effects of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Students’ Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Turkana County, Kenya: Research Methodology Formulation - Okumu, Thomas Opiyo (Journal of education, society and behavioural science, 2024)
The problem of drug abuse in secondary schools has various adverse effects on student learning, performance and moral habits. Unless this menace of drug abuse is minimized, the schools would become unmanageable since indiscipline cases would become very overwhelming. Investigation of drug abuse and its effects on academic performance in secondary school students in Turkana County, Kenya is still extremely limited. This paper discusses in detail drug and substance abuse in Kenya focusing on its causes, forms and effects on secondary school students. Some previous research studies were cited and presented to support the aforementioned. Various strategies of addressing the associated problems were presented using results from previous studies as yardsticks. This paper succinctly discusses on the research methodology formulations for the future study of drug abuse and its effects on academic performance in secondary school students in Turkana County, Kenya. Questionnaire and other relevant tools shall be the instruments for investigation. The study will target County Director of Education, principals, non-teaching staff, teachers/teaching staff and students in public secondary schools in Turkana County. The thorough investigation is expected to be carried out between August - November 2024 using the formulated questionnaires and interview schedules as data collection tools. In conclusion, the research methodology formulation is expected to be applicable to handle the research objectives.
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Nature's contributions to human well‐being under climate change: Evidence from Central and Eastern Madagascar - Petzold, Jan; Kosanic, Aleksandra; Joseph, Felana Rakoto; Andrianina, Princy Rajaonarivelo; Ranaivosoa‐Toandro, Sitraka Mireille; Andriamihaja, Onintsoa Ravaka; Voahanginirina, Leonnie Marcelline; Thien, Lara; Razanajatovo, Mialy (People and nature, 2024)
Abstract Anthropogenic climate change has an unprecedented impact on ecosystems and their services, with severe consequences for human well‐being, particularly for the marginalised and vulnerable members of society in the Global South. The well‐being of communities relies not only on material and regulating services ecosystems provide but also on non‐material services. In this paper, we unravel the diverse ways that climate change impacts affect Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) and the well‐being of rural populations in four sites in Madagascar—a biodiversity hotspot but one of the economically poorest countries in the world. We conducted participatory community workshops, mapping and semi‐structured interviews with local residents across social subgroups to understand the mechanisms of climate‐related degradation and the resulting impacts on different dimensions of human well‐being through an NCP lens. We found that non‐material services are generally more often associated with well‐being effects. Climate change degrades material and non‐material services through sea level rise, biodiversity loss, drought, precipitation and temperature variability, with consequences for materials, companionship and labour, food and feed, and physical and psychological experiences. Loss of land and forests is expressed through ecological grief. The outcome of our research provides evidence‐based information to local policymakers, conservation practitioners, and climate change agencies. This information can help improve government efforts toward holistic conservation and climate change adaptation by addressing the impacts on the physical and mental well‐being of the most vulnerable communities. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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Teachers’ understanding of gender-based violence in two public schools in Burkina Faso - Saini, Ruchi; Spear, Anne (Journal of gender-based violence, 2024)
Gender-based violence (GBV) in schools in Burkina Faso is a central concern for international organisations, as well as local NGOs and the national government. Yet, the voices of school teachers have received limited attention. In this article, we draw on focus group discussions and interviews conducted with school teachers at two public schools in Burkina Faso to investigate how they conceptualise GBV, as well as the factors shaping their understanding. The findings foreground the situated and subjective nature of their conceptualisation; which is shaped not just by international and national policies, but also by the sociocultural context in which the policies are enacted. Existing gender norms, the acceptance of corporal punishment as a disciplinary tool inside homes, and the practice of child marriage in Burkina Faso emerged as key factors shaping the participants’ perceptions. Based on the findings we argue that teachers must be 1) empowered to critically assess contextually relevant gender norms and cultural practices, and 2) provided with clear codes of ethical conduct in schools. It is equally important that teachers are given a seat at the table of policy formulation at regional, national and international levels, and the challenges faced by them are given consideration when designing interventions to curb GBV.
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The student voice on integrative teaching and learning of academic literacy at a South African university of technology - Ticha, Ignatius Khan; Nakhooda, Muhammad; Nkpurunma, Uloma (Discover Education, 2024)
Abstract Academic literacy skills are universally considered as a valuable and integral part of academic development in higher education, yet they often remain peripheral to or are completely absent from many qualifications. At the presently selected institution, there is little consensus on the most effective model to design for and implement as far as academic literacy is concerned, and whether this should be embedded within core curricula, or as a stand-alone, credit-bearing subject. Conspicuously absent in conversations on this matter however, is the student voice, which is what the present study seeks to draw on. An analysis of students’ reflections on an integrated model of learning and teaching of academic literacy was evaluated, where the skills are taught within the context of an academic discipline. The academic literacy component was embedded within a single course taught in a Biotechnology qualification. Upon completion of the learning activities, ten students were interviewed, and a questionnaire was administered to a further fifteen students, to gauge feedback on the usefulness of the integrated model of academic literacy. We report that the pedagogy improved and enriched the overall learning experience. Students reflected that the approach enabled better access to Biotechnology content and made the discourse of the discipline more explicit, as they unlocked academic literacy skills, compared to if an academic literacy course was taken alone. More broadly, the study highlights the need to draw on student reflection and experiences in the design and implementation of pedagogies and the value of remaining responsive to student voices.
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Review of: "Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt" - Vasconcelos, Helena Cristina (2024)
openalex: W4391692525
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Geomagnetic and Ionospheric Effects of Two Consecutive Strong Earthquakes in Morocco on September 8, 2023 - Адушкин, В. В.; Спивак, А. А.; Рябова, С. А.; Тихонова, А. В. (Doklady Earth Sciences, 2024)
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Climate change and desertification syndrome: the interaction of drivers in the drylands of Nigeria and the possibility of reducing adverse changes - Abubakar, Ahmed; Ishak, Mohd Yusoff; Umar, Nura Khalil; Zangina, Aminu Sulaiman; Imam, M. F. (Arabian journal of geosciences (Print), 2024)
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Assessment of heavy metals contamination/pollution of phosphate discharge mud in the Metlaoui region (Gafsa, southern Tunisia). - Amor, Ben (Research Square (Research Square), 2024)
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the geochemical and heavy metal contamination degree of phosphate mud in the Metlaoui region (Gafsa, southern Tunisia). These discharges are one of the sources of contamination of the region's hydrographic network to Chott el Gharssa (Tozeur) more to the south. Assessment of heavy metals pollution is based on the relatively simple principles of measuring concentrations, calculating indexes and comparing them with established standards, which vary according to the nature of the element, its toxicity, and the receiving environment. Seven mud samples were taken from the beds of the Thelja, Sebseb, Gouifla, Tarfawi, Melah and Charia wadis. Our investigations to assess the degree of heavy metal contamination focused on: zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). These metallic elements are measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. To meet our objectives, we calculated the following contamination/pollution indexes: geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (FC), degree of contamination (DC) and sediment pollution index (SPI). The index approach can be used to predict the extent of mud pollution and identify priority polluted sites. Heavy metals content in phosphate mud in the Metlaoui region shows the following order of abundance: Zn > Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu. Calculation of contamination/pollution indexes reveals at first sigt polymetallic contamination dominated by four elements. Cd (FC ranging from 8.42 to 28.75) , Cr (FC = 9.24), Cu (FC = 7.27) and Ni (FC = 5.86) are of greatest concern. Consequently, the mud analyzed is considered hazardous sediment for most of the study area.
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Does particulate matter pollution affect school attendance in South Africa? - Doumbia, Macoura (2024)
openalex: W4391631564
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Does the pattern of ICT possession exacerbate inequality in educational opportunities between students with and without disabilities? Evidence from Egypt - El‐Saadani, Somaya; Metwally, Soha; Abdelaziz, Wafaa (Review of Economic and Political Science, 2024)
Purpose This study aims to analyze to what extent distance education is feasible and efficient with the limited technological infrastructure in Egypt. The study answers this question from the perspective of households' preparedness level regarding possessing information and communication technologies (ICTs). In addition, it assesses whether the pattern of students' ICT ownership is influenced by disability- and socioeconomic-based inequality in education and whether the pattern of ICT ownership exacerbates such biases. Design/methodology/approach A three-stage probit model with double sample selection (PMDSS) was applied to estimate the factors likely to influence ICT possession, considering the selection process for school enrollment and education continuation. The authors utilized nationally representative data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018. Findings About 40% of students aged 12–25 did not have ICTs. Most socioeconomically poor households, particularly those living in Upper Egypt, were the least likely to obtain ICTs and rely on distance education. In addition, female students, particularly those with disabilities, had the lowest chance of benefitting from distance learning. Research limitations/implications The persistent structural deprivation of school enrollment and educational progression has led to the positive selection of well-off children in education, which is extended to ICT possession and internet use. Without addressing these structural biases, the study suggests that distance education will likely exacerbate educational inequalities. Originality/value The study analyzed the extent to which Egyptian families were prepared in 2018 regarding ICT possessions for distance education for their children, particularly those with disabilities. Furthermore, it investigated whether access to distance learning was influenced by disability- and socioeconomic-based inequalities in education.
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BASELINE SURVEY OF TSANGAYA QUR’ANIC SCHOOLS IN TARABA STATE NIGERIA - Karofi, Tijjani Usman (Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 2024)
This paper titled Baseline Survey of Tsangaya Qur’anic Schools in Taraba State is research on the various Tsangaya schools in Taraba State. The survey is a comprehensive mapping exercise on the existing traditional Tsangaya Qur’anic schools in Taraba State to provide concrete and verifiable data on the Tsangaya (traditional Qur’anic schools) in the entire State. The generated data was tabulated and analyzed using simple percentages as the suitable statistical method of computing the findings. The major findings of the survey were analyzed, revealing 900 functional Tsangaya Schools and their respective proprietors. While 3,409 teachers were pencilled in, 61,882 enrollment figures were recorded in the survey. The carrying capacity of the schools across the State stands at 80,749, while the total enrollment as of the period covered by this survey is 61,882, showcasing a glaring gap of 18,867. Community goodwill and support were the most pressing peculiarly needs of Tsangaya Qur’anic schools, while sanitation represented the least on the list. Thereupon, recommendations on needful measures for effective mitigation of the plights of the traditional (Tsangaya) Qur’anic school system in Taraba State were proffered, stressing the perennial need for strategic intervention/investment in Tsangaya Qur’anic schools by all relevant bodies with the view to rewind-the-past-glory-of-the-system.
openalex: W4392132098
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Review of: "Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt" - Kebour, Omar (2024)
openalex: W4391654346
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Examining the Pragmatism of Unhulized Leadership in Schools Amid Socio-Political and Economic Turbulence in Zimbabwe: The Experiences of School Heads and Teachers in Marondera District - Kgari-Masondo, Maserole Christina; Chingwanangwana, Bernard (Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2024)
This study interrogates the experiences of school heads and teachers regarding ethical conduct on “unhu/ubuntu” in primary and secondary schools, amidst the current socio-political and economic turbulences prevailing in Zimbabwe. Two primary and two secondary schools in Marondera District were used. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The findings suggested that the current turbulences drastically compromised the position of educators regarding Ubuntu and ethical leadership, making it very difficult, if not impossible for school heads and teachers, to practice Unhulized leadership. The study recommends an Unhulized multi-faceted and multi-sectoral approach to create an enabling environment in these schools.
openalex: W4391651340
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Prediction of SACCOS Failure in Tanzania using Machine Learning Models - Magashi, Cosmas H.; Agbinya, Johnson I.; Sam, Anael; Mbelwa, Jimmy T. (Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2024)
Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societies (SACCOS) are seen as viable opportunities to promote financial inclusion and overall socioeconomic development. Despite the positive outlook for socioeconomic progress, recent observations have highlighted instances of SACCOS failures. For example, the number of SACCOS decreased from 4,177 in 2018 to 3,714 in 2019, and the value of shares held by SACCOS members in Tanzania dropped from Tshs 57.06 billion to 53.63 billion in 2018. In particular, there is limited focus on predicting SACCOS failures in Tanzania using predictive models. In this study, data were collected using a questionnaire from 880 members of SACCOS, using a stratified random sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed using machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results showed that RF was the most effective model to classify and predict failures, followed by LR and KNN, while the results of SVM were not satisfactory. The findings show that RF is the most suitable model to predict SACCOS failures in Tanzania, challenging the common use of regression models in microfinance institutions. Consequently, the RF model could be considered when formulating policies related to SACCOS performance evaluation.
openalex: W4391734807
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Unraveling the path: assessing compliance and impact of accounting education in Libya with IES 3 standards on students' academic performance - Masli, Abdulhakim M.; Alfatiemy, Mohamed; Elshahoubi, Ismail; Elheddad, Mohamed (Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 2024)
Purpose This study aims to investigate the extent of compliance of university accounting programs in Libya with the International Education Standard (IES 3) and the extent of the impact of the skills included in programs of accounting education in Libya aligned with IES 3 requirements on students' academic performance and then to identify factors that can hinder the implementation of professional skills in accounting education in Libya. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was prepared and circulated among accounting graduates from public universities in Libya. A total of 116 useable responses were received from many of these universities. An exploratory factor analysis based on a pairwise polychoric correlation matrix was carried out to validate the scale. Also, it applies the regression analysis for a robustness check. Findings The findings indicate that the skills included in accounting education programs in Libya partially comply with the instructions of IES 3 (Intellectual, Interpersonal and Communication, Personal and Organizational). They provide empirical evidence that the accounting education program in Libya is a partial tool for implementing professional skills in accounting education in Libya. The findings of this study also show that there is no statistically significant relationship between the skills included in programs of accounting education in Libya aligned with IES 3 requirements and the academic performance of students. Practical implications Findings may help the government, higher education officials and accounting faculty members in Libya pay more attention to accounting education to improve its effectiveness and meet the requirements of IES 3. Therefore, it fills an information gap in the accounting literature by investigating university accounting programs and their compliance with IES 3 in Libya, a context that is still poorly understood. Originality/value Little is known about accounting education in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, where the literature shows that little research has been conducted on accounting students in the countries of this region, particularly in Libyan universities.
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Exploring Barriers to Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents and Young People with Physical Disabilities in South Africa - Mathabela, Bheki; Madiba, Sphiwe; Modjadji, Perpetua (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2024)
Despite South Africa having a progressive and liberal sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy framework, adolescents and young people with disabilities (AYPWDs) are less likely to receive sexual and reproductive healthcare, being consequently predisposed to a long-term detrimental impact on their health. Our study explored the barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services (SRHSs) in clinics among AYPWDs in Mpumalanga, South Africa. We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with twenty-seven AYPWDs in four focus group discussions using semi-structured interviews, audiotaped and transcribed verbatim, and then applied a thematic analysis of the data. Employing a socio-ecological model, the findings show a poor socioeconomic status, lack of information on SRH, and the attitudes of AYPWDs as barriers at the individual level, hindering AYPWDs from accessing SRHSs in clinics. AYPWDs also faced difficulties to talk about SRH with parents, a lack of support to seek SRHSs, improper care from family/parents, and negative attitudes of friends, at the interpersonal level. They further expressed barriers at the community/societal level as negative attitudes of non-disabled community members and poor infrastructure for wheelchair use. At the organization level, their access to SRHSs was negatively affected by HCWs’ maltreatment, described in the forms of negative attitudes, being judgmental using verbal abuse, discrimination, and bullying. Furthermore, AYPWDs described difficulties in communication with HCWs, as well as violating their confidentiality and misconceived ideas on their sexuality. Intensified efforts to strengthen public health strategies are needed to improve access to SRHSs by AYPWDs in South Africa, as well as enhancing the proficiency and communication skills of HCWs and educating AYPWDs, parents, and non-disabled community members on SRH.
openalex: W4391691543
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Review of: "Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt" - Matouq, Mohammed (2024)
openalex: W4391655398
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Gingival Health and Periodontal Diseases during Puberty in Females Students in Maal High School in Omdurman, Sudan (2021 – 2022) - Mohammed, Razan Hussien Abdelrahman; Seed, Dalia Ahmed Gasm El (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2024)
Background: Periodontal health and diseases are influenced by sex hormones, puberty, menses, pregnancy and menopause. Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors that contribute to gingivitis such as the endocrine changes associated with puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and diabetes that may exacerbate the gingival inflammatory response to plaque. Aim: To assess the effect of puberty on gingival health and periodontal diseases. Material and Methods: descriptive cross sectional study, among 85 students, in Maal high school in Omdurman, Sudan .Data collected via self administer questionnaire completed for each students. Collected data was entered into the SPSS software (version 26). Data was analyzed and results presented as proportions in table and figures Results: The results of this study showed that 95% of females students had a menstrual cycle, 60% had a good oral hygiene and 52.50% brush their teeth twice a day, majority of students86.25% brushed their teeth, gum and tongue, 62.50% used a medium tooth brush, and 50% of females students had an oral feeling during menstrual cycle, however about 50% of females did not observe any symptoms in oral cavity. Conclusion: This study indicated that hormonal changes occurring during the menstrual cycle influence the periodontium and induce inflammatory symptoms and signs.
openalex: W4391680873
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Addressing Historical Inequalities in Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa: The Government's Response to Student Protests and Movements - Musitha, Mavhungu Elias (2024)
This study investigated whether democratic South Africa embraces democratic principles to respond to domestic problems or is merely an extension of colonial and apartheid states in implementing the same brutal means to address the challenges it faces. In contrast to the colonial and apartheid policies which resolved challenges through violence carried out by police, army, imprisonment, exile, or banishment from the country against protesters who demanded democratic rights, democratic states are expected to use democratic means such as engagement, negotiation, discussion, persuasion, and participation. This is a qualitative study that used secondary data extracted through the desktop.  The reviews of journal articles, newspaper articles, and books were done to obtain data for this study. The study has found that democratic South Africa still embraced the same violence meted out by colonial and apartheid machinery to suppress demands from its citizens. Finally, it found that decolonization in South Africa was about the replacing of a ‘species’ of men with another ‘species’ of men without any change towards addressing student problems. This is revealed by the manner it handled the #FeesMustFall campaign. #FeesMustFall leaders as students were shot at, arrested, and imprisoned in the same jails built and used by the colonial and apartheid states. During the 1976 uprisings, the apartheid state unleashed its army and police on black children, with arrested, and murdered, others were forced into exile. This study recommends that South Africa should adopt democratic means that are within the parameters of human rights to resolve issues.
openalex: W4391880203
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Continuing professional development of vocational teachers in Kenya: Challenges and coping strategies - Njenga, Moses (Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 2024)
Vocational teachers participate in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to develop their professional competencies. In developing country contexts however, it is not always clear what challenges vocational teachers face in their CPD or how they attempt to resolve those challenges. This study therefore investigated the challenges vocational teachers in Kenya face in their CPD and the coping strategies they adopt. Viewing teachers as adult learners, the study adopted a concurrent mixed methods approach whereby interview and questionnaire survey data were collected from vocational teachers in six vocational institutions in Kenya’s Nairobi Metropolitan Area and analysed using thematic and statistical analysis. Vocational teachers in Kenya were found to face multiple challenges concurrently, which were categorized as lack of opportunity and access (e.g. failing to find relevant CPD), systemic restrictions (e.g. hindrances due to costs and lack of time), and personal difficulties (e.g. negative self-evaluation of ability). The strength of these challenges was found to vary with the characteristics of teachers. Coping strategies included cutting down on spending, taking loans, moonlighting, and ‘juggling time’. Findings show the need for a clear policy on vocational teacher CPD, provision of financial and non-financial support, and reworking the school calendar to create time for CPD.
openalex: W4391639018
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Reimagining STEM Education in South Africa: Leveraging Indigenous Knowledge Systems Through the M-Know Model for Curriculum Enhancement - Nwokocha, Godson Chinenye; Legg-Jack, Dagogo William (International journal of social science research and review, 2024)
This conceptual paper investigates the integration of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) into South African Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, exploring its conceptions, historical roots, significance, and the challenges and benefits associated with such integration. The objective was to understand the role of IKS in enriching STEM education and its potential contributions to global scientific knowledge. A culturally sensitive research approach was employed, with criteria set for selecting relevant literature on IKS and STEM. The results highlighted the profound historical significance of IKS in South Africa and its potential in bridging cultural gaps in education. Pedagogical innovations rooted in indigenous practices were identified as key to revitalising the STEM learning experience. However, challenges such as educational barriers, policy constraints, and institutional norms were also noted. Thus, the Multiple-ways of knowing (M-Know) model is proposed to demonstrate the possibility of using an integrated approach for the inclusion of IKS and enhancement of the STEM higher education school curriculum in South Africa. The model negotiates for a synergic or integrated arrangement between formal STEM curriculum and IKS in terms of using IKS to interrogate, complement, and consolidate the contents and pedagogy of Westernised STEM education in higher education.
openalex: W4391879416
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Review of: "Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt" - Riad, Peter (2024)
openalex: W4391647924
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Climate change linked to drought in Southern Madagascar - Rigden, A. J.; Golden, Christopher D.; Chan, Duo; Huybers, Peter (npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2024)
Abstract Southern Madagascar experienced a prolonged drought over the last five years, but whether these conditions are a manifestation of global climate change has been unclear. Here, we document trends beginning as early as 1980 towards a later rainy-season onset across three distinct remotely sensed indicators: precipitation, soil moisture, and vegetation greenness. All three indicators closely covary, particularly over the last decade when satellite observational resolution and accuracy is greatest. Furthermore, observed soil moisture trends early in the rainy season agree with the mean from CMIP6 historical and SSP5-8.5 simulations, but are distinct from pre-industrial control simulations, implicating anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing as the source of the trends. Physically, these models simulate a poleward migration of the mid-latitude jet that leads to a delay in the seasonal steering of storm tracks over Southern Madagascar. Soil moisture trends driven by anthropogenic forcing made the recent drought significantly more likely over 2017–2022 ( p < 0.01), and such droughts are expected to become increasingly likely over this century. These results indicate that, although Madagascar has not substantially contributed to global greenhouse gas emissions, farmers in Southern Madagascar will need to adapt to drier conditions early in the rainy season as a consequence of global climate change.
openalex: W4391640679
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Impact of climate change on the habitat range and distribution of Cordyla pinnata, Faidherbia albida and Balanites aegyptiaca in Senegal - Sambou, Mariama; Koné, Brahima; Sané, Seyni; Vodounnon, Mahunan Eric José; Diatta, André A.; Diatta, Lamine; Sambou, Bienvenu; Diop, Fatimata Niang; Sambou, Soussou; Diatta, Malaïny; Sambou, Hyacinthe; Goudiaby, Assane; et al. (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2024)
openalex: W4391650208
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Pattern of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly in Egypt and its relation to socioeconomic status - Tawfik, A.; Hamza, Sarah A.; Adly, Nermien Naim; Kader, Radwa Magdy Abdel (Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2024)
Abstract Background Cognitive decline is one of the aging health problems that strongly affects daily functioning and quality of life of older adults and threatens their independence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment (CI) among community-dwelling elderly in Egypt and the contribution of socioeconomic status to inequality in cognitive impairment. Methods A cross-sectional study involved 470 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 years or older living in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Subjects were recruited from home visits, geriatric clubs, and outpatient clinics. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment tools (MoCA & MoCA-B) were used to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment, Hachinski ischemic score (HIS) to investigate the type of cognitive impairment, Ain Shams Cognitive Assessment (ASCA) tool to assess the pattern of specific cognitive domain affection, and an Egyptian socioeconomic status (SES) scale to classify the SES of the study participants. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 50.2% distributed as 37.7% for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 12.5% for dementia. The most common type of cognitive impairment was the degenerative type (47.9%). Pattern of specific domain affection among cognitively impaired subjects ranged from 94% for visuospatial function to 12.7% for abstraction. Cognitive impairment was significantly higher with increasing age, female sex, marital status (single or widow), low education, higher number of comorbidities, and positive family history of cognitive impairment ( p < 0.001). Also, cognitive impairment was concentrated mainly among participants with low socioeconomic score ( p < 0.001). Conclusion In Egypt, cognitive impairment is significantly prevalent and concentrated among those who are in low socioeconomic status. Patients with mild CI were more than those with dementia, and the most common type of CI was the degenerative type. Increasing educational level of low SES population and improving their access to healthcare services are highly recommended to improve the inequity of cognitive impairment.
openalex: W4392732965
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Noise Induced Hearing Loss Among Sawmill Workers in a Sub-Saharan African Country - Yawson, Sally Mensa-; Baidoo, Kenneth; Jangu, Alhassan Adam; Kitcher, Emmanuel D.; Abaidoo, Benjamin (East African scholars journal of medical sciences, 2024)
Introduction: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a permanent sensorineural hearing loss (HL) which affects the quality of life of exposed individuals. Aim: To determine the prevalence of NIHL among sawmill workers at the Timber market and petty traders in Accra, Ghana, and to assess the difference in actual and self-reported HL among the sawmill workers. Methods: This was a comparative study of NIHL among sawmill workers at the Agbogbloshie Timber Market of Accra and petty traders whose work environment was situated remotely from the sawmill. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Demographic characteristics and pure tone audiometric testing of study participants were analysed and presented as mean±standard deviation, counts and percentages. Independent T-test was used in comparing pure tone hearing thresholds of sawmill workers and petty traders at various frequencies. Results: A total of 120 sawmill workers and 120 petty traders were studied. Sixty-four (53.3%) of the petty traders were females and all the sawmill workers were males. Mean age of the sawmill workers was 41.5±11.8 years. The prevalence of NIHL among the sawmill workers was 37.5% in the right ear and 43.3% in the left ear. Among the petty traders, the prevalence of NIHL was 12.5% in the right ear and 8.3% in the left ear. There was a statistically significant difference in NIHL between the sawmill workers and the petty traders (p-value = 0.0001). The prevalence of HL in the better ear for the sawmill workers and petty traders was 16.7% and 1.7% respectively. Sixty-nine (57.5%) sawmill workers self-reported HL compared to actual HL of 39 (32.5%) which showed a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.011). Conclusions: The prevalence of NIHL among the sawmill workers was 37.5% and 43.3% in the right and left ears. There was a significant difference between actual and self-reported HL among the sawmill workers.
openalex: W4391946433
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Trauma, Violence Prevention, and Reintegration: Learning from Youth Conflict Narratives in the Central African Republic - Zerla, Pauline (2024)
This research report is a case study on the relationship between trauma, peacebuilding, and reintegration for conflict-affected youth in the Central African Republic (CAR) following the 2019 peace agreement. Based on qualitative research fielded in Spring 2022, the study examines how youth experience conflict, trauma, and reintegration in CAR, highlighting individual experiences through a participant narrative approach. In doing so, the report provides localized insight into the challenges that impact social reintegration and cohesion in fragile, conflict-affected contexts. The report further underscores the implications of these insights for local and international efforts to establish peace and security through disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs and community violence reduction (CVR) initiatives. In addition to standard data collection methods such as interviews and focus group discussions, data collection undertaken for this report utilized a trauma-informed method called body mapping. The use of body maps—life size images of a human body with visual representations of experiences— in research can offer a means for individuals to reflect on potentially difficult experiences through a non-verbal process. Given the potential relevance of this tool in future studies examining the nexus between conflict, reintegration, mental health, and trauma, this report also includes discussion of the implementation of this method with considerations for others hoping to adapt it for their own use.
openalex: W4391616287
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Pediatric kidney care experience after the 2023 Turkey/Syria earthquake - Bakkaloğlu, Sevcan A.; Delibaş, Ali; Döven, Serra Sürmeli; Taner, Sevgin; Yavuz, Sevgi; Erfidan, Gökçen; Vatansever, Esra; Aynacı, Fatma Sercan; Yılmaz, Kenan; Taşdemir, Mehmet; Akacı, Okan; Akıncı, Nurver; et al. (Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation (Print), 2024)
Abstract Background/Aims Two earthquakes on February 6th, 2023 destroyed ten cities in Türkiye. We report our experience with pediatric victims during these catastrophes, with a focus on crush syndrome related-acute kidney injury (Crush-AKI) and death. Method A web-based software was prepared. Patient demographics, time under rubble (TUR), admission laboratory data, dialysis, and kidney and overall outcomes were asked. Results 903 injured children (median age: 11.62 years) were evaluated. Mean TUR was 13 h (Interquartile range-IQR: 32.5), max 240 h). 31 of 32 patients with a TUR of >120 h survived. The patient who rescued after ten days survived. Two-thirds of the patients were given 50 mEq/L sodium-bicarbonate in 0.45% sodium-chloride solution on admission day. 58% of patients were given intravenous fluid (IVF) at a volume of 2000-3000 mL/m2 body surface area (BSA), 40% of 3000-4000 mL/m2 BSA, and only 2% of >4000 mL/m2 BSA. 425 patients had surgeries, 48 suffered from major bleeding. Amputations were recorded in 96 patients. Eighty-two and 66 patients required ventilator and inotropic support, respectively. Crush-AKI developed in 314 patients (36% of all patients). 189 patients were dialyzed. Age > 15 years, creatine phosphokinase (CK)≥20 950 U/L, TUR≥10 h, and the first-day IVF volume < 3000-4000 mL/m2 BSA were associated with Crush-AKI development. 22 deaths were recorded, 20 of 22 occurred in patients with Crush-AKI and within the first 4 days of admission. All patients admitted after 7 days survived. Conclusions This is the most extensive pediatric kidney disaster data after an earthquake. Serum CK level was significantly associated with Crush-AKI at the levels of >20 950 U/L, but not with death. Adolescent age and initial IVF of less than 3000-4000 mL/m2 BSA were also asscoiated with Crush-AKI. Given that mildly injured victims can survive longer periods in the disaster field, we suggest uninterrupted rescue activity for at least 10 days.
openalex: W4391641559
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Implementation and Evaluation of a Training Program for Traditional Healers to Improve Knowledge of Noma (Cancrum Oris) in Burkina Faso - Baratti-Mayer, Denise; Jeannot, Émilien; Dupuis, Marc (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2024)
Noma (cancrum oris) is an orofacial gangrene affecting young children living in extreme poverty. The acute morbidity is high, and survivors suffer from physical and social sequelae. When diagnosed early, noma can be cured. Noma is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, where traditional medicine is the norm. The aim of this work was to provide 1-day training to traditional healers in Burkina Faso and to evaluate change in knowledge of noma across time. A sample of 78 healers who attended the training were asked to complete the same questionnaire before, immediately after, and 8 months after the training. A total of 66 healers completed the entire study. Before training, more than 40% of the participants did not know any of its key messages. Most of the key messages were acquired and still present after 8 months by a large proportion of the participants. Systematic intraoral examination was practiced by 7 (9.0%) of the traditional healers before training, and 43 (65.2%) reported doing so 8 months after training. The key messages aiming to improve early diagnosis as well as rapid and adequate treatment (the recognition of facilitating factors and the need to perform a systematic oral examination and to advise hospital transfer) have been well integrated. The study suggests that organizing a self-managed training program is feasible when done within an association, as was the case here, and owing to the willingness to collaborate shown by the traditional healers who participated in our study.
openalex: W4390266428
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Conservation of freshwater biodiversity in North Africa under future climate and land-cover changes - Belhaj, Abla; Mingarro, Mario; Sánchez‐Fernández, David; Bennas, Nard; Chergui, Brahim; Pallarés, Susana (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)
openalex: W4391598794
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Exploring the Integration of ICT in Promoting Inclusive Education: A Case Study of the College of Business and Economics at the University of Rwanda - Bibakumana, Gratien; Niyibizi, Onesme (Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education, 2024)
This research aimed to investigate the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in fostering inclusive education within the College of Business and Economics at the University of Rwanda, focusing on the experiences, challenges, and outcomes associated with ICT integration. The study involved 210 undergraduate students in the faculty of business administration, with a targeted sample of 84 students selected through stratified random sampling. Employing a mixed methods design, qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews, employing thematic analysis to identify patterns and perspectives. Additionally, structured questionnaires were used for quantitative data collection, focusing on the extent of ICT integration, its influence on inclusive education, and perceived barriers. The findings revealed predominantly positive outcomes, including improved accessibility, enhanced student engagement, and the importance of teacher training. However, challenges such as addressing diverse learning styles, digital literacy, and ongoing adaptation were acknowledged. Recommendations included addressing digital literacy skills, infrastructure gaps, and monitoring to ensure equitable access and positive outcomes for all students, emphasizing the transformative influence of ICT on learning experiences while acknowledging the need for continuous efforts to overcome challenges and maximize inclusivity.
openalex: W4391557445
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Augmented Botswanan Learning Experience - Denson, Cameron; Bayati, Niloufar (2024)
Abstract Augmented reality (AR) provides engineering and technology education with new and innovative opportunities to engage learners in immersive experiences that are holistic and realistic (Wu, Lee, Chang & Liang, 2013). This, coupled with the advent of education technology that allows us to teach skills-based subjects like three-dimensional solid modeling at a distance, opens up the potential to create intercontinental collaborative learning experiences between STEM institutions. The goal of the ABLE project is to create a short course enhanced-curriculum and AR media for a collaborative project between engineering graphics students at N.C State and engineering students from Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST). The enhanced curriculum will match high performing undergraduate students at State with students from the engineering program at BIUST. In the ABLE project high performing students will have the opportunity to serve as “consultants” for purposefully selected student groups in the engineering program at the BIUST University. The student consultants at State will support the stand alone short-course curriculum for students in Botswana by answering questions and troubleshooting problem areas in 3-D modeling for the Botswanan students. Using the short course materials students in Botswana will complete a truncated 6-week curriculum where they will learn 3-D modeling skills (up to Basic Assembly Modeling). The stand-alone curriculum will include newly created Augmented Reality media that will help create an immersive experience for the international students. The ABLE project will test the viability of AR-enhanced videos and student consultants to create an immersive learning experience for students.
openalex: W4391615127
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Learning and institutional support for youth in higher education institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa - Dukhi, Natisha; Sewpaul, Ronel; Zungu, Nompumelelo; Mokhele, Tholang; Sifunda, Sibusiso (Frontiers in Education, 2024)
Introduction As higher education institutions (HEIs) moved from in-person to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, various challenges were presented. Using a large online survey conducted during the pandemic, this paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 on learning and institutional support offered to students in HEIs in South Africa. Methods The study utilized a closed-ended questionnaire on a data-free online platform. The study sample included South African youth aged 18–35 years who were enrolled for some type of educational training or in higher education institutions (including private colleges). Data was benchmarked to the 2019 estimates of the youth population in educational institutions. Descriptive statistics are presented. Results Among the 7011 student participants, the main challenges experienced during lockdown were loss of study time (57.9%), insufficient money for essential personal items for studying (55.8%), loss of social contact (42.2%) and insufficient money for food (40.1%). Overall, 47.0% of students reported having free access to the internet, 49.5% used personal internet or paid for internet access and 3.5% indicated having no access to internet. The majority rated their institution’s eLearning portal as good or excellent, and 23.4% thought their eLearning portal was of poor quality. Significantly fewer (38.1%) technical and vocational education and training (TVET) college students indicated that their institution provided the capacity to conduct virtual learning compared to those enrolled at other types of institutions. Almost two thirds of students (66.2%) from TVET colleges experienced difficulty in communicating with their institutions. Half of the students (49.9%) reported that they had a suitable place to study during lockdown, while 78.6% had regular access to electricity during lockdown. Significantly more TVET and University of Technology students received transport to return home and fee refunds. Conclusion While it was encouraging that most HEIs had capacity for online learning and made provision of internet access for students, it was concerning that students who are enrolled at TVET colleges faced more learning challenges during the lockdown. This highlights the inequality in learning support at different types of institutions, and that effective support from HEIs to students during the COVID-19 pandemic was not fully implemented.
openalex: W4391610238
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Human Capital, Education, and Economic Growth in Morocco: An Empirical Investigation - -, FATIMA ZAHRA KATHIR; -, TÜRKAY BULUT (International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 2024)
The purpose of our research is to investigate the impact of human capital as a proxy for education on Moroccan economic growth. We mobilize a database derived from the World Bank and Penn World Table for this purpose. According to empirical results based on multiple linear models, human capital is a significant driver of economic growth in Morocco. Other control variables, such as domestic credit provided by the banking sector, savings level, trade openness, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality, also had a positive impact on growth, but their significance was not confirmed. Based on the study, corruption has a negative and significant impact on economic growth.
openalex: W4392732131
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Ethiopian Women Students’ Recommendations for Enhancing Their Sense of Belonging in Engineering Education - Halkiyo, Jemal Bedane; Jennings, Madeleine; Halkiyu, Sultan Bedane; Kellam, Nadia (2024)
Abstract It is well understood across diverse cultures and disciplines that students' well-developed sense of belonging is vital to their academic success, persistence, and satisfaction in their major and learning environments. Ethiopia’s Ministry of Education (MOE) has developed initiatives to educate the next generation of engineers, however, these initiatives can sometimes neglect the facilitation of inclusive environments in engineering. This qualitative study utilizes interviews with four Ethiopian women who were studying engineering in Ethiopian universities to explore how they felt their institutions could support them in developing and improving their sense of belonging in engineering. Our research question guiding this study is the following: How, according to Ethiopian women engineering students, could their sense of belonging be enhanced? What could the engineering school and university do to improve these women students’ sense of belonging, according to the students? We collected data using narrative interviews, analyzed data using a thematic approach, and used a ‘sense of belonging’ lens to guide the overall study. The findings center Ethiopian women students’ advice and recommendations to their colleges and universities for improving women’s sense of belonging in engineering education, which includes providing additional academic support for women, covering practical aspects of the engineering curricula (not just theories), creating a safe learning environment (e.g., practicing “strict” sexual harassment policy, ensuring reliable campus safety and security, building separate libraries for women), providing a well-equipped learning environment (equipping labs with resources), monitoring the teaching-learning process, creating opportunities for women (e.g., jobs, scholarships), and hiring more women faculty who could inspire and be role-models for women students. This study suggests that it takes diverse and multi-faceted measures to enhance women engineering students' sense of belonging. This study also provides recommendations for the Ethiopian government, which may help make engineering a safer and more inclusive space where students of all genders feel they belong.
openalex: W4391615718
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Conflicts in Gaza and around the world create a perfect storm for infectious disease outbreaks - Kearney, John; Thiel, Natalie; El-Taher, A. M.; Akhter, Sabreen; Townes, David A.; Trehan, Indi; Pottinger, Paul S. (PLOS global public health, 2024)
openalex: W4391594223
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Analysis of local site effects on seismic ground response under Boumerdes earthquake scenario: case study of Zeralda site of Algeria - Khiatine, Mohamed; Bahar, Ramdane (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2024)
openalex: W4391598001
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Effects of Distance Learning on African-American Students in Engineering Technology Courses During COVID-19 Pandemic - Mulay, Tejal; Khalafalla, Mohamed; Li, Chao; Regalado, Doreen; Shadravan, Behnam (2024)
Abstract Until 2019, many students enrolled in online courses for advantages such as flexibility and financial benefits. Research shows that online students made up 32% of the total enrollment in 2013. The number continued to grow for many majors; however, previous research does not investigate online learning for laboratory-based engineering courses and its effect on minority students. When the US declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in the spring of 2020, many universities in Florida suspended their in-person classes and shifted to online modality. This sudden shift happened in the middle of the semester, affecting students' educational experience and academic performance. This paper investigates the effects of distance learning on the academic performance of African American minority students' population for lecture and laboratory courses in the Electronic Engineering Technology (EET) and Construction Engineering Technology (CET) programs at Florida A&M University. This paper compares students' success in two courses (one lecture and one laboratory) from each major taught over two different modalities: distance learning and in-person learning over three academic terms. The courses selected are Introduction to Robotics and Introduction to Robotics laboratory for EET and Strength of Materials and laboratory for CET. A total of 49 students (22 from EET and 27 from CET) academic performances were measured in those two courses. The effects of student background variables (race, financial background, ease of using, and availability of the internet) and course-related variables (difficulty level of the course, available course-related resources on Canvas, lab-based vs. lecture-based course) on student success were explored through student surveys. To measure students' performance, the academic grades they received in the courses were used. To assess student satisfaction with each course, students had to take surveys. The results indicated that, for lecture-based courses, the performance remained almost similar for both modalities; for laboratory courses, student performance and satisfaction were low for the distance learning modality. Both results indicated that students needed at least some personal interaction for laboratory-based courses to understand and perform the labs. These results provided the Engineering Technology program insights into how laboratory experiments can be more effectively delivered to minority students in distance learning.
openalex: W4391616256
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History education in Ethiopian secondary schools (1943–1991): Why it could not yield the desired results? A historical analysis - Nadew, Ageru Shume; Ibrahim, Fauziah; Hailu, Aychgrew Hadera (Cogent Education, 2024)
History teaching in secondary school is intended to be a source of knowledge, hastening the nation-building process and enhancing the critical thinking and analytical skills of youth. It can serve as a tool for promoting peace and social cohesion within a nation. However, in Ethiopia, it has become a source of controversy, suspicion, hostility, and disharmony. This study investigates why history teaching in Ethiopia has not achieved its intended results, specifically its failure to prepare secondary school students to be critical thinkers and interpret the significance of the past. The study utilizes descriptive and historical research designs to explore this issue. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources, and the researchers employed the document analysis method to analyze them thematically and chronologically. The finding reveals that two main sets of ‘conundrums’, both external and internal, have prevented history from playing its desired role. These factors are interdependent: the internal issues stem from the external ones, and the external ones create fertile ground for the internal ones. Externally, factors such as foreign influences, foreign authors, and teachers played a role. Internally, factors like curriculum-based factors, disciplinary issues, ethnocentrism, the existence of competing narratives, and the state ideology of various regimes have impacted the direction of history teaching. Therefore, the combined influence of these internal and external dynamics has generally hindered the secondary school history teaching of the country from fulfilling its intended roles.
openalex: W4391614955
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A needs assessment for simulation in African surgical education - Obayemi, Joy E.; Donkersloot, John; Kim, Erin; Thelander, Keir; Byrnes, Mary E.; Kim, Grace J. (Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 2024)
openalex: W4391595627
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GreenLab Startup Weekend at Palm Institute - Incubating Student Startups in Ghana - Okantey, Peter; Kussmaul, Clif; Mensah, Esther; Eluerkeh, Eugene; Rodriguez, Oscar P. (2024)
openalex: W4391603324
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CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT PRACTICES AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA - Omuna, Macdonald Omuse (European Journal of Education Studies, 2024)
This study investigated the impact of assessment methods used in internal evaluation on students’ achievement in English grammar in secondary schools in Kenya. This study was anchored on Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory. A pragmatic paradigm was adopted using exploratory sequential mixed methods. A quasi-experimental, pre-test, and post-test design was adopted. The target population comprised of all the form two students and teachers of English in Teso North Sub-County. Stratified and simple random sampling was used to select 10 schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 509 students. Purposive and simple random were used to select 10 teachers. Data was generated using an interview schedule, observation schedule, questionnaire, and English Grammar Achievement Tests. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed using the narrative analysis technique and presented through narration and direct quotes. Findings revealed that grammar was predominantly assessed through gap-filling as well as question and answer method. Assessing grammar through cloze test and composition writing had a more positive influence (M = 16.02; SD = 3.51) than where it was not used (M = 14.12; SD = 3.33). Pearson Correlation revealed that assessment had a statistically significant relationship of r = .643, n = 509, p = .006 with students’ achievement in English grammar. The study concluded that cloze tests and composition writing are effective methods of assessing English grammar. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education should in-service teachers on the importance of assessing English grammar through these methods. This study recommends that teachers should assess English grammar using cloze tests and composition writing. Article visualizations:
openalex: W4391645090
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INFLUENCE OF ASSESSMENT METHODS ON STUDENTS’ ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH READING SKILLS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA - Omuna, Macdonald Omuse (European Journal of Education Studies, 2024)
This article examines assessment methods used when teaching English reading. The study sought to ascertain the most frequently used assessment methods in the teaching of English reading and the influence of assessment methods used on the acquisition of English reading skills in Kenya. This study employed a descriptive survey research design and involved form three students and 40 teachers of English language from 20 public secondary schools drawn from Teso North Sub-county. The sample size was obtained using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data was generated using questionnaires, interview schedules, and classroom observation schedules. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics involves the computation of frequencies, means, standard deviations, and percentages. Inferential statistics included pairwise correlation and logistic regression analysis. The results show that teachers frequently used comprehension tests, diagnostic reading, and Cloze test to assess learners’ acquisition of English reading skills. While oral presentation, timed reading, and book reports were the least used assessment methods. The study findings confirmed that there was a significant relationship between assessment methods used and the acquisition of English reading skills. The study concludes that teachers of English language should use effective assessment methods as provided in the syllabus. There is a need for teachers’ professional development in pedagogy as they require knowledge of effective assessment methods for English reading skills. Article visualizations:
openalex: W4391654065
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Investigating indigenous knowledge awareness among South African science teachers for developing a guideline - Photo, Patricia; McKnight, Marcell (Curriculum Perspectives, 2024)
Abstract This research article explores the development of preliminary guidelines for the integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into science classrooms. The study addresses the need for such guidelines to enhance learning outcomes in STEM. Grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the research investigates science teachers’ familiarity with IKS, their beliefs about its relevance, and their proposed strategies for its effective incorporation into science education. The study employed an interpretive qualitative research approach, conducting two independent case studies with a total of five teachers from primary and secondary schools in Hazyview, Mpumalanga. Through surveys and interviews, teachers’ perspectives were explored. A combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used. The findings reveal varied levels of familiarity among teachers, differing perceptions of IKS relevance, and few proposed strategies for IKS integration. Additionally, preliminary guidelines were developed to bridge a gap between cultural knowledge and scientific understanding. These guidelines aim to empower teachers to transition from the familiar (IKS) to the unfamiliar (Western science), fostering a more culturally responsive science education environment. The study acknowledges the limitations of a small sample size, emphasizing the depth of qualitative awareness over generalizability. The proposed guidelines offer a foundation for further research and practical implementation, contributing to the advancement of inclusive and culturally relevant science education.
openalex: W4391614070
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Development of Open Education Resources to Teach Oral History: Perspectives of a Sports Heritage-Engaged Scholarship Initiative in Gauteng, South Africa - Schellnack-Kelly, Isabel; Saurombe, Nampombe (Mousaion, 2024)
Gaps exist in archival practices, and developments are in progress to decolonise and transform archives by supplementing existing archival collections with oral history accounts. This is a recent development in the archival field, requiring archivists and records managers to become aware of how oral history collections should be undertaken to preserve testimonies related to socio-economic, sociopolitical, and cultural events not yet captured by South African public archivists. An open educational resource (OER) was developed in 2022 as part of an engaged scholarship initiative to instruct archivists on oral history research techniques and how to apply research ethics when undertaking such projects. The research paradigm for this study was a postmodernist qualitative study. Action-based research was used in the research design. Action research is a flexible methodology uniquely suited to research and support change. It integrates social research with exploratory actions to promote development. Action research outcomes are both practical and theoretical. The knowledge it generates directly and continuously impacts the changing practices of the participants. Data from participants were collected through recorded project workshops and meetings. The content for the OER was developed from observing online videos showcasing oral history interviews, consulting literature on OER development, and discussions with archivists and heritage collectors at the South African National Film, Video and Sound Archives, the South African National Parks Board, and the Gauteng Provincial Archives. The OER was developed to enable collaboration to ensure that the oral narratives of postcolonial Africa, particularly post-apartheid South Africa, are not lost but captured by the public archives’ services for the benefit of South Africans and other interested stakeholders.
openalex: W4391781984
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Use and Acceptance of Open Educational Resources in Library and Information Science Departments in South African Higher Education Institutions - Sibiya, S.; Evans, Neil Davies (Mousaion, 2024)
Technology advancement has caused various changes in education, a phenomenon which demands academics to keep up with these changes. Covid-19 caused multiple educational challenges, as online teaching had to be adopted and implemented quickly. The scarcity of online teaching and learning resources has been one of the major problems in South African education. The establishment of open educational resources (OERs) came with some solutions during the trying times of the pandemic, where direct contact with other people was significantly reduced. OERs are educational materials in the public domain introduced with an open licence, such as digital textbooks, research papers, lecture notes, assignments, tests, projects, audios, videos, and animations. It emerged in this study that library and information science (LIS) departments have some awareness of OER. LIS staff employ OERs in their work. However, LIS students rarely utilise them in their studies. It was discovered that LIS departments experience challenges regarding the awareness of copyright, technological problems, quality assurance, and a lack of understanding OER. It can be concluded, based on the findings, that LIS departments were not fully prepared for the changes (moving to online learning) implemented in response to the pandemic. Thus, the study recommends that there should be improved OER awareness, academic staff training, workshops, adequate ICT infrastructure, and improvement of technical skills to increase the utilisation of these resources in LIS departments. This paper depicts an overview of OER and the involvement and opportunity it holds for library and LIS professionals.
openalex: W4391781978
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Relative effects of climate factors and malaria control interventions on changes of parasitaemia risk in Burkina Faso from 2014 to 2017/2018 - Traoré, Nafissatou; Singhal, Tanu; Millogo, Ourohiré; Sié, Ali; Utzinger, Jüerg; Vounatsou, Penelope (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2024)
Abstract Background In Burkina Faso, the prevalence of malaria has decreased over the past two decades, following the scale-up of control interventions. The successful development of malaria parasites depends on several climatic factors. Intervention gains may be reversed by changes in climatic factors. In this study, we investigated the role of malaria control interventions and climatic factors in influencing changes in the risk of malaria parasitaemia. Methods Bayesian logistic geostatistical models were fitted on Malaria Indicator Survey data from Burkina Faso obtained in 2014 and 2017/2018 to estimate the effects of malaria control interventions and climatic factors on the temporal changes of malaria parasite prevalence. Additionally, intervention effects were assessed at regional level, using a spatially varying coefficients model. Results Temperature showed a statistically important negative association with the geographic distribution of parasitaemia prevalence in both surveys; however, the effects of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) use was negative and statistically important only in 2017/2018. Overall, the estimated number of infected children under the age of 5 years decreased from 704,202 in 2014 to 290,189 in 2017/2018. The use of ITNs was related to the decline at national and regional level, but coverage with artemisinin-based combination therapy only at regional level. Conclusion Interventions contributed more than climatic factors to the observed change of parasitaemia risk in Burkina Faso during the period of 2014 to 2017/2018. Intervention effects varied in space. Longer time series analyses are warranted to determine the differential effect of a changing climate on malaria parasitaemia risk.
openalex: W4391613759
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Attitude of clinical teachers towards the use of innovative technology in teaching and learning in the university of Port Harcourt medical school, South Nigeria - Wananyo, Ugboma Enighe; Ebi, Awotua-Efebo; Ibi, Erekosima (Asian journal of education and training, 2024)
The 21st century has seen a rapid increase in the use of various innovative technologies in pedagogy. The attitude of the clinical teachers affects the use of these innovative technologies in teaching and learning. The aim of this research is to find out the attitude of clinical teachers using “The Tripartite Theory of Attitude” consisting of affective, cognitive, and behavioral domains, to the use of innovative technology. A descriptive survey research design with correlational studies was done with a purposive sampling method used. A 24 item Likert questionnaire was used and distributed using Google Form. The population of the study was made up of clinical teachers in the Faculty of Clinical Sciences University of Port Harcourt. A total of 90 clinical teachers took part in the study comprising of 48 males and 42 females. 23 were professors while 51 were senior lecturers. Analysis showed the overall attitude of clinical teachers to the use of innovative technology in teaching and learning was positive. No significant correlation was seen between gender, cadre, and years of service of the clinical teacher to the use of innovative technology. Thus, incorporation of innovative technology into the classroom should be encouraged as this would aid the clinical teachers in improving learning in the classroom.
openalex: W4391784409
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Female students’ learning momentum in the aftermath of the war: the case of upper primary schools of Habru Woreda, Ethiopia - Abraha, Mollaw (Education 3-13, 2024)
The purpose of the study was to examine how upper primary school female students motivated to learn in the aftermath of the Tigrian War. To do so, a case study design was used; 40 upper primary school female students, 40 teachers, 5 school principals, and a Woreda education office head were used as data sources by using snowball, purposive, and comprehensive sampling techniques respectively. Focused group discussions (FGD), interviews, and observation were employed as the study’s data collection methods. The collected data was then thematically analysed, and the results show that female students’ post-war learning involvement was ineffectual; the schools were not suitable for carrying out educational activities. To learn successfully, according to the findings, students require ongoing psychosocial training and financial assistance. As a result, damaged schools need to be rebuilt, students need a variety of psychosocial training, and both the federal and regional governments must ensure society and put a stop to the Tigrian junta’s ongoing fighting.
openalex: W4391560336
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Depression and associated factors in adolescent high school pupils in Hossana, central Ethiopia - Amare, Feven; Erchafo, Belay; Lukas, Kristen E.; Melak, Kumilachew (Research Square (Research Square), 2024)
Abstract Background Depression is a frequent mental health issue in adolescence, marked by lack of interest or pleasure, persistent melancholy, weariness, and poor focus, which can impair an individual's ability to perform at work, school, or in daily life. Despite this, there is a scarcity of data on the magnitude and determinants of depression among teenagers in Hossana, central Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 05 to 30/2022. Totally 512 participants were selected by using multi-stage sampling technique. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used in data collection. The data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The data was analyzed by using binary logistic regression to see association between independent variables and dependent variable. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals was calculated and Variables having p value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression was considered as significantly associated. Result The prevalence of depression was 171(34.3%), 95% CI (30.15, 38.52); of which 116 (23.3%) respondents had mild, 46(9.2%) had moderate, 8(1.6%) had moderately severe and 1(0.2%) had extremely severe depression. Father educational status [AOR 2.26 (95% CI; 1.02, 4.97)], adverse childhood experience [AOR 1.90 (95% CI; 1.24, 2.91)], previous family history [AOR 1.54 (95% CI; 1.02, 2.33)] and poor social support [AOR 2.27(95% CI; 1.17, 4.41)] were significantly associated with depression Conclusion In the research area, one out of every three high school students experienced depression. Depression was substantially connected with a father's lack of education, unfavorable childhood experiences, past illness, and a lack of social support. As a result, school-based mental health services should be strengthened and appropriate interventions used to initiate and improve access to school-based mental health services.
openalex: W4391559439
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Towards ICT diffusion and trade liberalisation on inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa - Bello, Abdulwahab Ahmad; Hassan, Abubakar; Akadırı, Seyi Saint; Onuogu, Ijeoma Christina; Aliyu, Umar Shuaibu (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2024)
Abstract While the debate over the nexus between trade liberalization and inclusive growth is progressively reaching some consensus in emerging and developing economies, the empirical findings are mixed for sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Some of the SSA countries experience rapid growth in information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion manifesting in increased green wealth via the invention of new ideas, access to wider markets like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), promoting accountability, social inclusion, and e-governance among others. The present study critically assesses how ICT diffusion modulates trade liberalization on inclusive growth throughout the 2005–2020 periods for 48 SSA countries. This study contributes empirically and methodologically to literature, specifically on the construction of the ICT index, inclusive growth index, and adoption of a better befitting econometric model. The study explores the direct impacts of ICT diffusion and trade liberalization, and their indirect impacts using an interaction term on inclusive growth. Contrary to the prior expectations, trade liberalization does not lead to inclusive growth in the SSA region, but ICT diffusion has a positive and significant impact on inclusive growth. However, the interaction term of ICT and trade liberalization improves inclusive growth. Therefore, the study advocates for policies that would build a knowledge-based human capital, stimulate innovation in socio-economic systems, and develop ICT infrastructure and its penetration among others, with the expectation that as AfCFTA takes effect, ICT diffusion will facilitate intra-regional trade, enhancing inclusive growth in the African region among other sound policy suggestions.
openalex: W4391573753
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"Engineer's name is Diana": Contextualizing Secondary School Girls' Engineering Education through Engineering Self-Belief assessments in rural Zimbabwe and Senegal - Bezanson, Noah; Radhakrishnan, Dhinesh; DeBoer, Jennifer; Maïga, Nafissa (2024)
openalex: W4391561931
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Effect of Classroom Learning Environment on Students’ Academic Performance of Mathematics Subject in Public Day Schools in Rwanda: A Case of Musanze District, Rwanda - Byiringiro, Emmanuel (International journal of humanities & social studies, 2024)
This study aimed to determine the effect of classroom learning environment on students' academic performance in Mathematics subject in public day Schools in Rwanda: A case of Musanze district. The study has a correlational research design, with both quantitative and qualitative research. The target population of the study consisted of education officers in the area, including students, teachers and school headmasters. Therefore, the total number of population was 1,600. A sample size of 320 respondents was selected using random sampling techniques. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Data analysis was supported by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the classroom learning environment (r=0.714, p=0.000) was positively and significantly correlated with students' academic performance. This correlation was also statistically significant as the p-value was less than 5%. In conclusion, the study provided recommendations to improve students' academic performance. The study recommends that the management of schools should frequently visit classrooms to assess participation, involvement, and understanding of the students and offer support to those teachers who lack the competencies required to improve the learning situation and environment in mathematics classrooms due to the size of the class.
openalex: W4391846797
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Mainstreaming climate change in policy frameworks for community-based natural resource management in a semi-arid savannah environment: case study of Botswana - Chikuta, Oliver; Kupika, Olga L.; Nthoi, Olivia (Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism, 2024)
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a concept that was introduced in southern Africa back in the 1980s with the dual aim of biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction in communities endowed with natural resources. Community-based tourism (CBT), one of the major forms of CBNRM, depends on natural resources, particularly wildlife, and weather and climatic conditions. However, natural resources are under threat from climatic changes and other anthropogenic and natural disturbances. This calls for the need to interrogate the extent to which CBNRM initiatives mainstream climate change in their agenda. The main aim of this article is to assess the extent to which the climate change agenda has been mainstreamed into the policy framework of Botswana's CBNRM program. The specific objectives are to (1) document the impacts of climate change on CBNRM-related initiatives in Botswana; (2) determine the relationship between climate parameters (temperature and rainfall), extreme events (drought and extreme heat), and visitor trends in Botswana and the Okavango Delta; (3) establish a historical correlation between evolution of climate change policy and CBNRM policy and vice versa, policy initiatives, programs, strategies, and projects in Botswana; (4) explore the extent to which international, regional, national, and local climate policies mainstream CBNRM and tourism issues and vice versa; and (5) explore the challenges and opportunities related to climate change and CBNRM, with a particular focus on adaptation and mitigation initiatives. This study mostly used qualitative approaches (desktop review of policy documents and scholarly articles) as well as secondary quantitative data (time-series data) to explore the evolution of CBNRM in Botswana, providing an overview of its structure, policy initiatives, programs, and projects and how these correspond with climate change issues. A scoping review was conducted to identify relevant studies on the impacts of climate change on CBNRM initiatives published between 1992 and 2023. A total of 50 articles were identified to answer the following research question: What evidence is available regarding the impacts of climate change on CBNRM initiatives? The article further looks at how climate change–related extreme events, particularly drought, has affected tourism performance over the years. The article then zeros down on the effects of climate change on CBNRM initiatives and the challenges, threats, and opportunities, as well as the mitigation and adaptation strategies adopted by the CBNRM projects in Botswana. The findings indicate that climate change–induced events, particularly drought, have affected nature-based tourism products in Botswana. However, it was revealed that although there is no statistically significant correlation between drought and tourism performance, evidence from the literature reveals that drought has impacted tourism in Botswana. The findings from policy analysis indicate that the climate change agenda is woven into more recent key legal and policy documents on CBNRM, on one hand, while the climate change policy documents also include components that speak to CBNRM, on the other. This implies that the tourism sector can leverage these provisions to strengthen climate resilience through transformative adaptation and mitigation action.
openalex: W4391571254
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Perceptions, attitudes, and challenges regarding continuing professional development among Ethiopian Medical Laboratory professionals: A mixed-method study - Gudeta, Adugna Negussie; Sisay, Abay; Shibabaw, Agumas; Kebede, Edosa; Tesfaye, Firehiwot; Kedida, Gizachew; Deneke, Nadew; Teklu, Takele; Cheneke, Waqtola (medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2024)
Background: Medical laboratory professionals play vital role in healthcare. The growing demand for quality laboratory services and emerging technologies underscore the crucial need for Continuing Professional Development (CPD). However, there is limited information on CPD programs in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess medical laboratory professionals’ perceptions, attitudes, and challenges towards CPD and improve engagement to enhance diagnostic service quality. Methods: this cross-sectional study enrolled 228 medical laboratory professionals in Ethiopia from July to October 2023. using a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative data from an online survey and qualitative data from interviews. SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis. Results: the average age of the study participants was 32.6 +6.4 (SD) years, the majority were men (88.6%), and 44.3% have worked for more than ten years. Of the participants, 51% never had CPD training. About three-fourth of the participants perceived CPD as essential to their professional career. About 45.2% of the study participants perceived that the purpose of CPD course is to renew their license and gain knowledge and skills that are not covered in basic training. While the majority of participants had good attitudes towards CPD, about 10% of them stated that it is not important in their career growth. The majority of the study participants were not in support of the decentralized CPD system. A notable problem with finance, insufficient manpower, unsupportive employers, a lack of awareness by regulatory bodies, inadequate access to training close to their working area, were identified as significant challenges of the CPD program. Conclusion: the study highlights the perception that CPD is crucial for enhanced laboratory practices and career advancement. The study highlights the need for targeted strategies to address the identified problems and increase the engagement of medical laboratory professionals in the CPD program.
openalex: W4391558295
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Investigating Challenges and Effects of Students’ Low Enrolment on the Sustainability of Primary School Education in Eastern Nigeria - Ikwelle, Anthonia Chika; Ekwosianya, Martha Chinonye (African Journal of Humanities and Contemporary Education Research, 2024)
The enrolment into primary schools in Nigeria has been low for several years now. The aim of this study is to examine the challenges and the effects of students’ low enrolment on sustainable primary school education in Eastern Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data from one thousand and eight hundred teacher respondents of public primary schools in the region. The descriptive survey research design is employed. The gathered data were analysed using statistical mean. The results show that the socio-economic challenges of primary school students’ low enrolment include poverty, hunger, epidemics, parents’ inability to pay school fees, buy exercise books and other learning materials, the illness of a family member, early marriage and pregnancy, home services, gendered worldviews against sending female children to school, rituals, and culturally-insensitive education programmes. The effects of students’ low enrolment on primary school education include reduced efficiency in the school system, waste of human and material resources, thriving barriers to the child’s meaningful future, increased social vices, inadequate development of the individual’s potentialities, and barriers to employment and income. The study submits that primary school students’ low enrolment can be improved through the introduction of free transportation to school, free stipend for primary school children, practical school feeding programmes, free education, scholarships, and sustained effective monitoring and evaluation systems. It charges stakeholders and school management officials to be proactive and decisive on tackling the identified challenges by imbibing the aforementioned and other pragmatic measures.
openalex: W4392390708
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Social media use among basic school teachers in Ghana: exploring opportunities and challenges - Kwaah, Christopher Yaw (Cogent Education, 2024)
Social media has increasingly become a vital tool for communication and collaboration in the global education sector, including Ghana. However, there is limited empirical research on the use of social media by basic school teachers in Ghana. This study explored the use of social media by this group of teachers, focusing on the associated opportunities and challenges. Using a descriptive survey design; an online questionnaire was administered to 1,014 randomly selected basic school teachers. The study found that Facebook and WhatsApp were the most used platforms. Teachers used social media for various purposes, including communication with colleagues, parents, and students; professional development; and resource sharing. However, concerns about the effects and challenges of social media use, such as addiction, time consumption, high data expenditure, cyberbullying, and unreliable internet access, were also identified. The findings provide valuable insights into the current state of social media use by basic school teachers in Ghana and improve our understanding of the potential benefits and challenges associated with its use in education. This study suggests that the Ministry of Education should develop guidelines and policies to ensure teachers’ responsible and effective use of social media to improve teaching and learning in Ghana.
openalex: W4391575599
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Academic Interventions Promoting Learner’s Success in Secondary Schools under King Cetshwayo District, South Africa - Mahaye, Ngogi Emmanuel (International Journal of Humanity and Social Sciences, 2024)
Purpose: This study was a phenomenological study designed to make decisions using information from participants’ experiences. The purpose of the study was to develop a model which can be used to improve teaching and learning in rural secondary schools. Success oriented policies developed by SMT was studied. The contribution of efficient Students Representative Councils towards academic improvement in rural secondary schools was also studied.
Methodology: The study is underpinned by qualitative approach, interprevist paradigm, and exploratory design. Participants for the study were chosen by purposive sampling. Four rural secondary schools in King Cetshwayo district (KCD) were selected for study. Two out of the four schools were well performing schools while the other two were underperforming schools. Performance was based on pass rate in the NCS examination. Principals, deputy principals, some HODs and some learners were selected as participants for that study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using research interview schedule tool.
Findings: Data collected from participants’ response were analyzed per school and comparisons drawn between schools. Most participants appreciated academic interventions, although raised sentiments of some arriving very late. Study reveals that the performance did increase after those interventions.
Unique Contribution to the theory, practice, and policy: Conclusions were drawn from the results. A model for academic improvement was developed using results obtained from the data analysis and underpinned by the theory of Concerned Base Adoption Model (CBAM). The model can be used by underperforming schools to improve learner success.
openalex: W4392734080
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The mental health state of extended programme students at a South African university - Meintjes, Rina (South African Journal of Psychology, 2024)
Due to the widespread occurrence of mental disorders among adolescents, there is globally a recognised need to assess the mental well-being of higher education students. Those in extended programmes, dealing with self-esteem and capability challenges intensified by peer and institutional attitudes, might face heightened susceptibility to mental health issues. Moreover, research suggests that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic likely worsened students’ mental health difficulties. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health issues among students in a South African university’s extended curriculum programme in 2022 while exploring potential gender differences. Furthermore, by comparing these findings to a 2017 study, it sought to assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s potential impact on the mental health of extended programme students. Paper-based questionnaires evaluated depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among first-year extended programme students in 2017 (pre-COVID, n = 208) and in 2022 (within the pandemic, post-lockdown, n = 202). The results showed consistently high levels of mental health issues for both cohorts, with no statistically significant difference between the cohorts. However, female students in the 2022 cohort faced notably more mental health challenges than their male peers. Universities should enhance mental health education and awareness campaigns and explore new counselling methods to assist the growing number of students in need of support. Further research ought to investigate the factors behind the heightened mental health issues, especially among female students.
openalex: W4391575946
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Child labour, school attendance and orphaned children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Mihigo, Isidore Murhi; Vermeylen, Guillaume; Akonkwa, Déogratias Bugandwa Mungu (Discover Global Society, 2024)
Abstract This article contributes to the stock of scientific knowledge by showing the effect of orphan status on child labour and school attendance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the abolition of child labour is undeniably one of the major tasks assigned to the International Labour Organization (ILO) when it was founded, child labour remains a severe problem worldwide. In many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, children do not have access to school. Instead of ending up in school, millions of children are forced to engage in child labour in income-generating and non-income-generating activities. Little researchers have yet made it possible to obtain simultaneous information on child labour, school attendance and orphaned children. This paper describes the research that tries to make such a connection. Data used is from the out-of-school children and adolescents (OOSC-DRC-2012) survey organised by the Ministry of Primary, secondary and Vocational Education. Using a bivariate probit econometric model and testing the endogeneity with an instrumental variables approach, funding of the analysis supports the assumption of a significant negative relationship between child labour and school attendance. The result shows also that being orphaned reduces a child's likelihood of school attendance and increases the probability of entering the labour market. It is underlined that most children are present in non-income-generating than income-generating activities.
openalex: W4391567523
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Trends and Challenges in Environmental and Sustainability Education in Uganda - Musana, James; Bisaso, Ronald (2024)
openalex: W4391576541
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A Review of the Staging and Enactment of Environment and Sustainability Education in South Africa - O’Donoghue, Rob; Rosenberg, Eureta (2024)
openalex: W4391566649
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Education for Sustainable Development in Kenya - Shauri, Halimu; Mwakumanya, Maarifa; Lusweti, Sellah (2024)
openalex: W4391576284
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Work-In-Progress: Liberian Undergraduate Engineering Students' Perceptions of the Impact of COVID-19 on their Learning Experience - Vaye, Collins; Eze, Paul; Berhane, Bruk (2024)
openalex: W4391560965
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Mental distress, food insecurity and university student dropout during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: evidence from South Africa - Wagner, Fezile; Wagner, Ryan G.; Makuapane, Lerato P.; Masango, Mxolisi; Kolanisi, Unathi; Gómez‐Olivé, Francesc Xavier (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024)
Background Student dropout has been a key issue facing universities for many years. The COVID-19 pandemic was expected to exacerbate these trends; however, international literature has produced conflicting findings. Limited literature from Africa has investigated the impact of COVID-19 on student dropout trends, despite the documented devastation, including increased risk of food insecurity and mental distress, caused by the pandemic. Objective This work seeks to understand the impact of food insecurity and mental distress on student dropout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using a cross-sectional research design, first-year undergraduate students from a large South African university were recruited via email to participate in a survey between September and October 2020. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used to measure food insecurity and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) was used to measure mental distress. Multivariate regression was used to investigate factors associated with student dropout. Results The student dropout rate was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.2-13.2). The prevalence of severe food insecurity was 25.7% (95% CI: 22.3-29.4) and the prevalence of severe mental distress symptoms was 26.7% (95% CI: 23.3-30.4). Dropout rates and levels of food insecurity were highest among students residing in remote areas during the lockdown at 19.2% and 43.6%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that being male increased the probability of dropout almost three-fold (odds ratio (OR) = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.48-4.89, p =0.001)). Being moderately food insecure increased the odds of dropout more than two-fold (OR=2.50; 95% CI:1.12-5.55, p=0.025), and experiencing severe mental distress symptoms increased the odds of dropout seven-fold (OR=7.08; 95% CI:2.67-18.81, p<0.001). Conclusion While acknowledging that various factors and complexities contribute to student dropout, the increased vulnerability to food insecurity and mental distress, stemming from issues such as widespread job losses and isolation experienced during the pandemic, may have also had an impact on dropout. This work reiterates the importance of directing additional support to students who are food insecure and those who are experiencing mental distress in order to mitigate university student dropout.
openalex: W4391573154
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Khat chewing habit among high school students in Kabridahar City of Somali regional state, Ethiopia: prevalence and determining factors - Wali, Mahamed Abdi; Abdinasir, A; Farah, Bashir; Mohamed, Abdifetah; Warfa, Nasir (Journal of substance use, 2024)
openalex: W4391608972
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Building character strength: Using a Phenomenological approach to explore how children 4-8 years are taught gratitude in home and school settings among indigenous Kenyan Turkana and Ethiopian Amhara (2024)
openalex: W4391771352
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Effect of Employee Training on Organizational Performance in Public Sector in Rwanda. A Case Study of Rwanda Social Security Board (RSSB) (Journal of human resource & leadership, 2024)
This paper examined the effect of training on the performance of public-sector organizations using the Rwanda Social Security Board as a case study. The research approach design used in this study was descriptive, and a total of 130 questionnaires were distributed to respondents, of which 108 were fully completed and returned, and 10 interviews were conducted. The overall response rate was 90.7%. The sampling techniques used were simple random and purposive samplings. The analysis used both descriptive and inferential statistics of Pearson Correlation. Qualitative data was examined and categorized into themes, while quantitative data was coded and entered into the SPSS package.  The study found that there is a significant relationship between training and organizational performance. The first statistic, R, is .908a, indicating that there is a great deal of variance shared by the independent variables and dependent variables. The R Square value of 0.824 indicates that approximately 82.4% of the variability in the outcome variable can be explained by the predictors in the model. The unstandardized coefficients for the predictor variables show their impacts on organizational performance at the Rwanda Social Security Board. Specifically, Training regulations have a coefficient of (β= 0.285, t=5.050, p value=0.000), and types of Training have a coefficient of (β= 0.123, t=2.028, p value=0.045). The coefficients are statistically significant on Organizational Performance at Rwanda Social Security Board, as indicated by their associated Sig. Values below 0.05. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the Rwanda Social Security Board conduct training needs assessments before recommending training for its employees and establish a transparent training policy that provides equal opportunities in training Keywords: Employee training, types of training, training regulations and organizational performance
openalex: W4391538656
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Muslim education in Kenya: Challenges and opportunities - Ali, A.A. (2024)
openalex: W4391541447
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ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA - BARDI, Gloria I.; Salami, L.; Uko-Aviomoh, E. E.; Ihensekhien, Isoken (Journal of Home Economics (Lagos), 2024)
This study assessed the nutritional status of primary school pupils in Egor LGA, Edo state. The study was guided by two objectives and one hypothesis. Eight (8) schools were purposively selected out of the sixteen (16) primary schools in Egor Local Government Area. The sample size for the study was two hundred and eighty-eight (288). This study assessed the nutritional status of primary school pupils in Egor LGA, Edo state. The study was guided by two objectives and one hypothesis. Eight (8) schools were purposively selected out of the sixteen (16) primary schools in Egor Local Government Area. The sample size for the study was two hundred and eighty-eight (288). The anthropometric measurement was used to calculate the BMI. Statistical analysis was done using frequency and percentage while independent t-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis of the study at 5% significance level. The anaysis showed that 25.35% of the pupils had normal nutritional status, while 74.65% are underweight ( malnutrition) but no overweight. Forty percent (40%) of those that are underweight have mild underweight, 33% have moderate underweight and 27% have severe underweight. On the average, the primary school pupils surveyed have mild underweight. It was also found that there is a significant difference in the nutritional status of the pupils based on gender. Female pupils are more malnourished than the male pupils. The study recommended that more economic activities should be created in the local government to enable parents and guardians to work and earn wages or salaries so that they can feed their families and themselves adequately. Step-up nutrition education and sensitization, provision of quality diets as well as nutrition knowledge are imperatives to regulate and avert malnutrition among children.
openalex: W4392300828
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Noncommunicable diseases behavioural risk factors among secondary school adolescents in Urban Cameroon - Changoh, Changoh Marvel; Tatah, Lambed; Aroke, Desmond; Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Choukem, Siméon-Pierre (BMC public health (Online), 2024)
Abstract Adolescence is a crucial period for noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors, and interventions to reduce the NCD burden must target this age group. This study aimed to evaluate the NCD behavioural risk factors in adolescents attending state secondary schools in an urban setting in Cameroon. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using adapted structured questionnaires to assess the prevalence and correlates of NCD behavioural risk factors among adolescents attending selected urban state secondary schools in Douala IV, one of the six subdivisions in Douala, Cameroon. Of the 645 students who completed the study questionnaires, half of them did not have adequate knowledge about NCDs and their risk factors. Only 20% met recommended physical activity levels, nearly half lived sedentary lifestyles, and only 7% ate a healthy diet. Almost half of all participants reported drinking alcohol during the month, while 3% reported cigarette smoking. Participants with inadequate knowledge of NCDs were more likely to have elevated blood pressure values, and males had increased odds of high blood pressure. Contrarily, being male appeared to be protective against overweight and obesity. The odds of being sedentary decreased with age, and the odds of alcohol drinking seemed to grow with a higher maternal level of education. Our survey shows inadequate knowledge about NCDs and a high prevalence of NCD behavioural risk factors in adolescents in urban state secondary schools in Cameroon. These findings predict a higher NCD burden in future adults in the country, reinforcing the need for urgent public health interventions, especially regarding knowledge and sedentary living. Further research is needed to establish the transition of adolescent risk factors to adult disease through life course approaches in these settings.
openalex: W4391540000
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SOFT SKILLS TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MOROCCO: A META ANALYSIS - Elouaali, Soukaina; Hdouch, Youcef; Chana, Si Mohamed (European Journal of Education Studies, 2024)
Soft skills have become a debatable topic, and they have become one of the requirements of the workplace, especially in the era of globalization. That is to say, university graduates, for instance, need to master various soft skills before applying for a job such as communication, cooperation, leadership, and problem-solving, to mention a few. Hence, it is important to integrate and incorporate soft skills in the educational curriculum in order to enable the young generation to join the labor market. Regarding the importance of these skills, this meta-analysis is conducted to explore the situation of soft skills teaching and learning in Morocco. It is based on nine studies on soft skills teaching and learning in Morocco. The analysis supports the importance of soft skills’ inclusion in the Moroccan curriculum; the analyzed articles highly recommend role-play, problem-solving, task-based learning, and debates as effective teaching techniques for soft skills enhancement. Article visualizations:
openalex: W4391645128
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One year after the February 6 Türkiye-Syria earthquakes - Hubbard, Judith; Bradley, Kyle (2024)
openalex: W4391942080
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When the Blind Lead the Blinds - Analysing the written English Productions of Francophone Primary School Teachers’ in Far-North Cameroon and the Need for Pedagogic Reforms - Kamtchueng, Lozzi Martial Meutem; Noyomdi, François Marc (International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2024)
openalex: W4392734770
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Factors That Influence Students Learning Styles in Mathematics at Ullo Senior High School in the Jirapa Municipality, Ghana - Marifa, Mohammed Yikehere; Nabie, Michael Johnson; Acheon, Gadaff Issah (East African journal of education studies (Print), 2024)
This study sought to investigate the factors that influence students' learning styles in mathematics at Ullo Senior High School. The study hinged on the positivist philosophy and adopted the descriptive survey design. The school was purposively sampled for the study because of the persistent poor performance of the students. Simple random sampling was used to select 82 from two students who were given questionnaires to be filled out. The data was collected and analysed by means of descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, and standard deviation). Findings from the study revealed that generally, students agreed that their home background, teaching method, interest in or motivation towards mathematics, and classroom management are all factors that influence their learning styles. Another finding was that generally, students disagreed that teaching and learning resources influence their learning styles. It was therefore recommended that mathematics teachers at Ullo Senior High School should strive to create a conducive environment to meet the diverse learning needs of their students
openalex: W4391532597
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Disability and Spatial Exclusion Under COVID-19 in South Africa - McKinney, Vic; McKinney, Emma Louise; Swartz, Leslie; Ned, Lieketseng (Space and culture, 2024)
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a range of existing inequalities. People with disabilities are disadvantaged worldwide and frequently denied spaces within personal and public contexts. This article focuses on the environmental and functional experiences of people with disabilities and service providers in South Africa during the pandemic. Lockdown conditions resulted in diminished spaces and loss of agency, consequent to increased dependence on families, the state and the non-governmental organization sector. Service providers had to suspend most services and experienced a lack of government support and collaboration. Mental health issues emerged as a key concern. Despite challenges, online technology provided opportunities for ongoing support, learning, and delivery of certain services. Such findings highlight the need for greater stakeholder collaboration with people with disabilities and their organizations toward increasing their agency and representation, and assessing disability-inclusive policy.
openalex: W4391540903
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Current and future distribution of Eucalyptus globulus under changing climate in Ethiopia: implications for forest management - Mosisa, Gemechis B.; Tassie, Nega; Adula, Motuma (Environmental Systems Research, 2024)
Abstract Eucalyptus globulus is a species endemic to southeastern Australia. It has naturalized non-native ranges in other parts of Australia, Europe, Africa, and the western United States. This study is the first of its kind in Ethiopia to model and map the spatiotemporal distribution of the species using species distribution models (SDMs). A total of 874 occurrence records were used from the online Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database and field observation. Three environmental variables, including terrain, climate, and soil were used to predict the species’ distribution. The terrain, climate, and soil raster grids were resampled to a 200-meter resolution. The Global Circulation Model (GCM) HadGEM3-GC3.1 was used to extract future climate data. This GCM has a good match between the atmospheric and oceanic components showing little drift in its surface climate. Besides, it has the best coverage of Africa. Three climate change scenarios (SSPs 1-2.6, SSPs 2-4.5, and SSPs 5-8.5) were used for predicting suitable habitat of the species. The jackknife test was chosen to assess the importance of each environmental predictor variable. The model’s performance was evaluated using the Area under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The model had excellent predictive performance with an average AUC of 0.94. Altitude, rooting conditions, slope, dry-month precipitation, and temperature seasonality are the most important environmental factors in shaping E. globulus distribution. Ethiopian highlands are predicted to be more suitable to the species, but the increase in temperature seasonality may reduce suitable habitat under the high-forcing climate change scenario. Climate change is expected to create more suitable habitats for eucalyptus in the future which may encourage plantations in potential distribution areas. Consequently, ensuring long-term forest health necessitates robust management systems prioritizing native trees and responsible grower or farmer practices.
openalex: W4391534100
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Student Perspectives on Internal and External Factors Influencing Vulnerability to Risk-Taking Behaviour among Girls in Public Day Secondary Schools in Kiambaa, Kiambu County, Kenya - Mwangi, Lucy; Okemwa, Pacificah; Mwangi, Susan (African journal of empirical research, 2024)
The study investigated internal and external determinants of vulnerability to risk-taking behavior (RTB) among female students in public day secondary schools (PDSS) in Kiambaa, Kiambu County, Kenya. This was due to the high levels of RTB among secondary school girls that had been reported. The study integrated two theories, problem behaviour theory and empowerment theory. It employed a descriptive survey methodology. Using proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling procedures 96 girls participated in the study. A pilot study involving 10 students from Kiambu Sub-County was conducted to assess content and construct validity. Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.7) ensured internal consistency and reliability of variables. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, analysed using SPSS version 24 for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data, and presented via tables and figures. The findings revealed various RTB among girls, including unprotected sex, prostitution, drug use, abortion, theft, and fighting. RTB determinants encompassed factors like parental divorce, absenteeism, peer pressure, financial hardship, and lack of role models, excessive idle time, societal influences, and declining values. In conclusion, this study highlights the existence of RTB among girls in PDSS and underscores the complexity of factors influencing these behaviours. To effectively address RTB, a comprehensive approach that considers both internal and external factors is essential.
openalex: W4391529782
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The Role of Teacher Autonomy, School Climate, and “Perceptions of Value & Policy Influence” in Predicting Lower Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in South Africa - Oduro, Frederick; Parker, Deborah; Mensah, Ebenezer (Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2024)
Globally, education holds significant value, placing substantial expectations on its key players – teachers. However, the effectiveness of teachers depends largely on their job satisfaction, a factor intricately linked to commitment and the decision to persist in the teaching profession. This study, utilizing self-determination theory, explores the predictive role of teacher autonomy, disciplinary climate, teacher-student relations, participation among stakeholders, and “perceptions of value & policy influence” (independent variables) in relation to job satisfaction (dependent variable) among lower secondary school teachers in South Africa. Data from the OECD 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. Except for disciplinary climate, the results revealed significant positive associations between the independent variables and job satisfaction. Notably, teacher autonomy predicted variations in job satisfaction ranging from 3% to 5%, whereas the combined school climate factors predicted variations between 5% and 28%. Teachers’ perceptions of value and policy influence also predicted variations, ranging from 0.4% to 3.0%. These findings underscore the importance of fostering teacher autonomy, cultivating a positive school climate, and actively involving teachers in policy discussions to enhance job satisfaction. These insights provide valuable guidance for principals, policymakers, and stakeholders in creating supportive environments for educators.
openalex: W4391532005
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Noise Pollution Status in South-South Nigeria - Ohaeri, E. C.; Obafemi, A. A. (Asian Journal of Geographical Research, 2024)
Noise pollution has gotten more significant as cities have grown more densely populated. This study aimed to assess the noise pollution level in the capital cities of Awa-Ibom, Bayelsa Calabar and Rivers State, South-South, Nigeria. Noise level measurement was conducted using Noise Level Meter (NM102). Noise level measurement for all sampling locations were conducted on working days (Monday through Friday) between February 2022 and January 2023. Results showed that noise concentration in Port Harcourt ranged between 31 and 103 db(A), 31 and 103 db(A) in Calabar, 32.1-90.1 in Uyo and 30.1-83 db(A) in Yenagoa. The noise levels in Rivers, Calabar and Uyo exceeded the WHO limit of 90 db(A). This has great consequence on the comfort and health of persons residing close to areas with high noise generation. Measure to reduce noise pollution should be put in place in these cities.
openalex: W4391539493
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Armed conflict, climate change and the preparedness of international law through the lens of Mozambique - Phyffer, Jessie (2024)
openalex: W4391530419
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Modelling the potential impact of climate change on Carapa procera DC. in Benin and Burkina Faso (West Africa) - Tietiambou, Sheirita Reine Fanta; Idohou, Rodrigue; Agoundé, Gafarou; Lankoandé, Benjamin; Avocevou, C.; Ouédraogo, Amadé; Kakaï, Romain Glèlè (Modeling earth systems and environment (Print), 2024)
openalex: W4391543283
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Teaching of Forensic Dentistry in Khartoum, Sudan - Ali, Sarah Hag; Franco, Ademir; Nuzzolese, Emilio; Mânica, Scheila (Oral, 2024)
Background: Dental professionals assist with legal and criminal matters through the practice of forensic dentistry which has evolved over the past century and is now a crucial component of undergraduate dental education in many nations. The need for formal training in the subject and its inclusion in dental curricula were acknowledged and addressed in the 1960s and 1970s. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the teaching of forensic dentistry in dental universities of Khartoum, Sudan, and to propose certain topics and teaching criteria to be standardized in forensic dentistry teaching in Sudan. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive study was conducted, involving all undergraduate dental institutions in Khartoum, Sudan. Institutional websites were searched using the Google search engine to obtain the dental program curricula in English. The curricula were then analyzed to identify the presence of forensic odontology/dentistry teaching. Results: Of the 19 universities included in the study, five (26.3%) teach forensic dentistry in their undergraduate curricula, whereas 12 (63.1%) do not. Two universities (10.6%) indicated the presence of forensic dentistry teaching in their curricula but did not provide actual instruction. The teaching of forensic dentistry mainly occurred during the second, third, and fourth years of the dental program. Three universities considered it an independent subject, while two universities incorporated it into oral and maxillofacial pathology. Four universities provided lectures only, while one university combined lectures and practical sessions. Qualified forensic dentists taught the subject in four universities, while one university had general dentists as instructors. The main topics delivered are: (1) introduction to forensics, (2) human identification, (3) dental age estimation, (4) interpretation of bitemarks, (5) DNA in forensics, and (6) child abuse. Conclusion: Forensic dentistry training is currently undervalued in Sudan due to various limitations. It is recommended that all dental schools in Sudan offer opportunities for students to learn and become acquainted with forensic dentistry as part of their dental programs. The Sudanese Dental Council should establish formal coordination with academic institutions and experienced forensic dentists to ensure the quality and relevance of the proposed modular course within the educational system. Finally, additional topics including dental record-keeping and dental malpractice are suggested for inclusion in the current modules.
openalex: W4391601542
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Drought assessment and characterization using SPI, EDI and DEPI indices in northern Algeria - Brahim, H. Ben; Mohamed, Mohamed M.; Topçu, Emre; Abdelkader, Boucefiane; Abedelwahab, Rahmouni (Natural Hazards, 2024)
openalex: W4391522113
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The process of developing and piloting a tool in the Maldives and Zimbabwe for assessing disability inclusion in health systems performance - Kuper, Hannah; Heydt, Phyllis; Hameed, Sameena; Smythe, Tracey; Kujinga, Tapiwanashe (medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2024)
There are 1.3 billion people with disabilities globally. On average, they experience greater healthcare needs and more barriers accessing healthcare. Yet, health systems have failed to adequately include people with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot-test a tool for assessing disability inclusion in health system performance. We presented the Missing Billion disability-inclusive health system framework, which includes 4 system-level components and 5 service delivery components, and outputs and outcomes. We developed a tool, consisting of 48 indicators related to the framework components. We consulted international experts, who considered the framework and indicator set to be logical and comprehensive. The tool was pilot-tested in the Maldives (2020) and Zimbabwe (2021), working with local researchers to collect relevant data through document review and key informant interviews. The pilot data demonstrated that collecting data on the indicators was feasible. The tool highlighted areas where the health systems were performing well in terms of disability inclusion (e.g. governance) and other areas where there were large gaps (e.g. leadership) or lack of data (e.g. accessibility, outputs and outcomes). The indicators were updated and refined. We established a process for undertaking the assessment, highlighting the importance of leadership and ownership by the Ministry of Health, to facilitate data collection and implementation of recommendations. In conclusion, this new tool for assessing disability inclusion in health systems performance can help to identify key issues and guide and monitor action.
openalex: W4391519582
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Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Cavity of Medical Students at Shendi University, Sudan - Abdelgader, Leila M. Ahmed; Habiballuh, Ali Mohammed S.; Altoum, Azam Zaher A.; Mahjaf, Ghanem Mohammed; Hakim, Nusaiba Abdelrahman M.; Altaher, Tibyan Abd Almajed; Gorish, Babbiker Mohammed Taher (South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2024)
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming ever more prevalent in Sudan, and the proportion of MRSA to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) seems to be increasing. New strains of MRSA are ever-developing resistance to antibiotic treatment, increasing morbidity and mortality rate.
Objectives: To detect the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity of medical students at Shendi University and to detect variations of MRSA Colonization between student smokers and non-smoker students.
Methodology: 60 swabs were collected from medical students of Shendi University, culture, and direct gram stain were done, then the plates were examined for any significant bacterial growth. The isolated bacteria were then identified by colonial morphology, indirect gram stain, and biochemical tests.
Results: All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Of these, 66.7 % (40/60) were males. 33.3% (20/60) were females. The isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus 24 (40%), with no growth 36 (60%). The study showed that the overall resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Methicillin was 21 (35%) and 3 (5%) Sensitive to Methicillin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cases were found in nine (100%) of the students who smoked and twelve (80%) of the students who did not smoke. Of the pupils who did not smoke, three (20%) had Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin Sensitive.
Conclusion: The carriage rate of S. aureus is consistent with similar studies. MRSA carriage in this university study appears high as compared to the general population. Although this study did not confirm a variety of risk factors for the carriage of MRSA previously identified by others, university healthcare personnel should be aware of the changing epidemiology of MRSA and the preventive measures needed to avoid outbreaks.
openalex: W4391515066
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Psychological and socio-ecological correlates of 12-month suicide behavior among junior high school students in the greater Accra region of Ghana - Azasu, Enoch; Quarshie, Emmanuel Nii‐Boye; Messias, Erick; Larnyoh, Marcus; Ali, Elias; Joe, Sean (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2024)
openalex: W4391511854
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Teachers’ Perceptions of ICT Use in Promoting Teaching Learning Processes and Its Outcomes at Senior Secondary Level in Mbeya Region, Tanzania: A Review - Minga, Chrispin; Ghosh, Saraswati (Journal of education, society and behavioural science, 2024)
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has led to a debate between teacher-centred and student-centred approaches to teaching and learning in academia. While some teachers view ICT positively and think it makes teaching and learning exercises easier, others view it negatively and think it replaces the traditional teacher-centred approach, making teaching and learning exercises more challenging as respect for the teachers are eroding because students are using current technology to solve issues rather than depending only on teachers. The present study aims to understand teachers’ perceptions of ICT use in promoting teaching-learning processes and its outcomes at the senior secondary level in the Mbeya region, Tanzania as a conveniently designed study area for the researcher. The study is based on related reviewed materials/information which was gathered from different secondary sources between July and December 2023.
Information was analysed and presented in a descriptive form for easy perception and understanding. It showed that the majority of teachers at’ senior secondary level used ICT to enhance their teaching effectiveness. At the same time, their perception focused on learning an aspect which was easy to grasp, deep understanding and long-lasting. It enhances the interaction between students and teachers and offers more imaginative answers to many learning queries in the teaching and learning process. The study recommends that educators should use a holistic strategy when thinking about how to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) to improve the teaching and learning process and embrace a culture of flexibility and lifelong learning to improve student comprehension and engagement.
openalex: W4391510305
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Impact Analysis of Noise Pollution on Human-Health: A Case Study of Southern Region of Nigeria - Ohaeri, E. C.; Obafemi, A. A. (Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 2024)
Noise pollution, though not a new problem, has increased in recent times in reflection of human activities. Noise is an unpleasant sound capable of causing psychological and physiological problems for human health and society. This study aimed to assess the impact of noise pollution on the health of residents in the capital cities of Calabar, Port Harcourt, Uyo and Yenagoa. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire designed to get firsthand information from respondents on variables such as socioeconomic characteristics, noise effect, neighbourhood noise awareness and sources. Across all the cities, multiple choices of noise were picked by the respondents, mostly vehicular traffic and generating plants. Mental stress (16.6%) was reported as the common effect of noise pollution, followed by distraction and lack of concentration to work (13.4%), while the least effect was a risk of accident (2.1%), followed by speech interference (1.8%). Thus, it is recommended that cities with high noise generation activities should adopt noise pollution regulation policies and also have potential mitigation measures in place, which should include noise-absorbing structures.
openalex: W4391509927
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Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt - Al-Gamal, Samir (Qeios, 2024)
It's highly probable that climate change will impact food security on a global, regional, and local scale. Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. Accordingly, climate change’s impacts on both the agricultural sector reflected on food security and pose a serious threat to sustainable development. Furthermore, the total energy demand of Egypt is marked by an exponential growth of demand on electricity, at a pace much faster than that of GDP, of primary energy consumption and of population mainly due to a doubling up of the consumptions of Egypt. The expected development of the industrial sector, the accelerated access to electricity, and the improvement of standards of living (directly connected with the consumption of the residential sector) are the reasons for these consumption upsurges. The different components of climatic change such as projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity and may cause energy consumption upsurges. The main problem pertaining to climatic change and climatic variability in Egypt and even in some parts of the Mediterranean Basin is that systematic climate observation programs are, at present, inadequate to permit reliable assessment, quantification and prediction of climatic conditions and their impacts. A more accurate assessments of regional climate variability and change and their related environmental and socio-economic impacts are highly needed.
openalex: W4391469102
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Nature of student housing in Ghana: drivers of physical health condition effects on students living with disability (SWD) in Purpose-Built university housing - Appau, Williams Miller; Attakora‐Amaniampong, Elvis; Anugwo, Iruka Chijindu (Property Management, 2024)
Purpose Providing student housing designed to support students living with a disability is a global challenge. This study assesses buildings' physical health condition systems and drivers of physical health condition effects on students living with disability (SWD) in purpose-built university housing in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study used quantitative design and methods based on the theory of supportive design premises. Using the partial least square structural equation model, a survey of 301 students living with a physical disability, mild visual disability and mild hearing disability was collected in 225 student housings. Findings The study found that insect control and cleaning services are a priority in off-campus building design and management and directly positively affected the sense of control and physical health of SWD. The nature of lightning systems, noise and thermal comfort directly negatively affected SWD disability learning and discomfort. Practical implications Reviewing and enforcing student housing design drawings at the preliminary development stage by university management is critical. More broadly, physical health systems that control cleaning, noise and thermal comfort are essential for SWD health in student housing. Originality/value Studies on all-inclusive building designs have consistently focused on lecture theaters and libraries with limited attention on the physical health condition systems in student housing that support the quality healthcare of university campuses. Research on physical health condition systems in student housing is significant for all-inclusiveness and student housing management.
openalex: W4391445301
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Filling in the Blank: The Development of a Writing Screener for Elementary School Students Who Speak African American English - Byrd, Arynn S.; Oppenheimer, Kathleen; Silverman, Rebecca D.; Edwards, Jan (Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 2024)
Purpose: Clinicians are tasked with using culturally and linguistically appropriate tools to evaluate oral and written language development accurately. However, limited tools account for linguistic diversity in writing. This gap can lead to under- and overdiagnosis of students who speak nonmainstream dialects. This study addressed that gap by developing a writing task to identify nonmainstream dialect features in the writing of early elementary school students. We describe the development, feasibility, and results of pilot testing of the task. Method: One hundred fifty-one first and second graders participated in the study as part of a larger study of nonmainstream dialect use. Students completed standardized literacy and language assessments and the researcher-developed writing task. The writing task used a novel fill-in-the-blank format to identify morphological features that vary between Mainstream American English and nonmainstream varieties such as African American English. Results: Second-grade students performed better on the writing task than first graders, and writing performance was strongly related to standardized literacy scores. Literacy skills were the strongest predictor of Mainstream American English use in writing, but spoken dialect use also correlated with written dialect use. Conclusions: The writing task captured dialect use in early elementary school students' writing, and students' performance on standardized literacy measures predicted written dialect features. These results are a first step toward developing a standardized measure to help professionals appropriately diagnose written expression disorders within linguistically diverse students. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25079891
openalex: W4391466363
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Planning Strategies and Learning Reflection Practices among Pre-Service Teachers in Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria - Charles, Bernard; Opunne, T. A. (British journal of education, learning and development psychology, 2024)
The study investigated the relationship between planning strategies and learning reflection practices among pre-service teachers in upper basic education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State, Nigeria. Two (2) specific objectives and research questions posed were answered, and corresponding null hypotheses were formulated, stated, and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. A correlation research design was adopted for this study, and the population consisted of seventy-three (73) pre-service teachers, comprising 27 student-teachers and 47 corps members deployed to Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State. No sampling method was employed, as the entire population served as a sample for the study. Two (2) sets of instruments titled "Questionnaire on Planning Strategies (QPS) and Learning Reflection Practices Scale (LRPDS)” were used for data collection, which were validated by three experts in educational management, measurement, and evaluation. The reliability indexes of 0.83 and 85 were obtained, respectively, using the test-retest method. Research questions were answered using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and a transformational test was conducted to ascertain if the null hypotheses were significant or not. It was found out that there was a significant relationship between lesson plan quality and learning reflection practices among pre-service teachers in Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State, and a significant relationship between instructional methods and learning reflection practices among pre-service teachers in Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the government should develop integrated training programs for pre-service teachers that explicitly emphasise the symbiotic relationship between lesson planning, instructional methodologies, and learning reflection.
openalex: W4391483035
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School Counselors Addressing Racial Disparities in Education Among African American Students Through an Intersectional Lens: A Conceptual Framework - Dowden, Angel Riddick; Williams, T. Franklin; Oliver, S. (International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 2024)
openalex: W4392785408
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Towards Sustainable Nigerian Architectural Education - Enwerekowe, Ebelechukwu Obianuju; Doyle, James R.; Adetula, & Ifeoluwa Adebola (African Journal of Humanities and Contemporary Education Research, 2024)
Architectural education comes from a long tradition of technical and artistic apprenticeship which is evolving in Nigeria and around the world. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between design education (what), learning styles (how) and personality types (who) in a bid to develop sustainable, inclusive teaching strategies for the 21st century and beyond. The quantitative study assessed the preferred learning styles and predisposition for the five genetic personality traits in students of Architecture at the University of Jos, and juxtaposed the findings against their performance in design studio. The study findings showed that Accommodators and Divergers who were the highest performers in design studio were also the more likely to exhibit openness and conscientiousness. Convergers were more willing to accept criticism from their mentors and peers, and Assimilators were more prone to neurosis displayed as fear of disappointment and anxiety when they performed lower than their contemporaries. The study findings encourage continued monitoring of evolving teaching and learning styles, as well as cognisance of students' distinctive personality types to guide educators in developing teaching modules and methods that will be enduring and effective for holistic architectural education.
openalex: W4392391005
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Unpacking the Food Security Crisis in the Ecologically Fragile and Conflict-Ridden Lake Chad Basin: Interrogating NGOs' Response to the Climate Change-Security Nexus - Fonjong, Lotsmart; Wanki, James Emmanuel (The Journal of Environment & Development, 2024)
A 2018 United Nations report [Citation need] highlights the growing need for funding and assistance to the Lake Chad Basin (LCB). The food security crisis in the LCB is a blend of complex factors relating to the declining water of Lake Chad and protracted insecurity fanned by Boko Haram insurgency. Unfortunately, development agencies sometimes focus less on how the climate change-insecurity nexus is becoming increasingly consequential in explaining the LCB’s profile in fragility. This paper considers the extent to which international agencies and nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) respond to multiple crises, integrating both climate change and security facets in their analysis and response to the food crisis besetting the LCB. Findings from interviews in Cameroon, Chad, and Niger reveal that NGOs fail to sufficiently take climate change into account in their policies and strategies, in that many food assistance programs are climate change neutral in content and focus.
openalex: W4391472959
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Looming Earthquake Threat in Ghana - Klu, Albert Kafui; Asare, Edmund Nana; Seidu, Jamel; Opoku, Nicholas (2024)
The earthquake catalogue of Ghana since the first recorded earthquake and recently collected seismic data in earthquake-prone locations of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana’s capital, are covered in this chapter. This study lists the locations, periods, magnitudes, and intensities of 44 earthquakes and tremors from the past 408 years using the country’s seismic inventory. The HoliSurface approach was also utilised to conduct Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) surveys to collect seismic data from 22 sites in the southern Greater Accra Region’s seismically active zones. The earthquake catalogue data and geophysical data will help determine if Ghana is facing a major earthquake. This analysis shows that consistent earth tremors over the previous few years increase the risk of a devastating earthquake. The Gutenberg-Richter relations further emphasise the probabilities of a looming earthquake threat in the Ghana. The geophysical investigations also revealed areas with relatively weak subsurface materials that might contribute to more destruction in the event of an earthquake. The fundamental periods of the sites being in resonance with the buildings is also another disaster in waiting.
openalex: W4391650844
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English-medium instruction in higher education in Egypt - Latif, Muhammad M. M. Abdel (2024)
openalex: W4391471225
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Reflexive praxis and systemic factors influencing teaching and learning in the accounting discipline in South Africa - Makhathini, Lungani Rudolph (2024)
This study reports on a small-scale, qualitative evaluation of learning through teaching in two undergraduate modules in accounting at the Mangosuthu University of Technology, together with analysing systemic factors influencing the teaching and learning of financial accounting within South Africa. This study outlines my narrative self-study stance in the form of reflexive praxis toward research and pedagogy to explore my personal lived experience as a novice higher education financial accounting teacher. I illustrated my research journey by tracing the development of key research questions and re-examining the research and subject matter curriculum design processes. I used the medium of a ‘narrative reflexive-praxis research’ to represent and engage with a range of data derived from my experience teaching in the two modules. Financial accounting higher education in the country will benefit from the study’s unique contributions. The methodological contribution is the use of a textual collage, which draws on visual and accounting language-based approaches to educational research as a medium for data representation. The creation of the collage and its presentation in this dissertation contribute to the ongoing development and exploration of alternative forms of data representation in higher education accounting research. The conceptual contribution of the dissertation is the conceptualisation of my teaching-learning-researching experience as an accounting engagement. This conception of accounting engagement offers a new way of looking at financial accounting pedagogy and research in an academic teaching environment. In addition to these two unique contributions to the field of accountancy, the dissertation adds further understanding and impetus to the growing body of work that seeks to explore and value the teacher self and teacher reflective study in the context of lived, relational accounting discipline experience. The research highlighted the complex nature and realities of the continuous changing nature of university leadership and strategies leading to the perpetually changing trials of lecturers’ pedagogical choice-crafting and deed because of that complexity. It also pinpointed the realities of practice, people collaboration, engagement and wider societal settings as well as shapes influencing higher education accounting teachers' individual, day-to-day action. It demonstrated the crucial, artistic and continued investigation in which the lecturer’s reflection could improve pedagogical action as well, as a result, making the qualitative variation towards individual practice within academic situations, ultimately improving his practice or action. Furthermore, the dissertation demonstrates the ways a reflective exercise is conducted by a teacher at an institution of higher learning. The findings can illustrate important academical ideas which have reflection outside the self as well as can theme towards paths of study and growing in the larger academic field within a department of higher education and training.
openalex: W4391482573
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Can Extensive Training Transform a Mouse into a Guinea Pig? An Evaluation Based on the Discriminative Abilities of Inferior Colliculus Neurons - Martin, Alexandra; Souffi, Samira; Huetz, Chloé; Edeline, Jean‐Marc (Biology, 2024)
Humans and animals maintain accurate discrimination between communication sounds in the presence of loud sources of background noise. In previous studies performed in anesthetized guinea pigs, we showed that, in the auditory pathway, the highest discriminative abilities between conspecific vocalizations were found in the inferior colliculus. Here, we trained CBA/J mice in a Go/No-Go task to discriminate between two similar guinea pig whistles, first in quiet conditions, then in two types of noise, a stationary noise and a chorus noise at three SNRs. Control mice were passively exposed to the same number of whistles as trained mice. After three months of extensive training, inferior colliculus (IC) neurons were recorded under anesthesia and the responses were quantified as in our previous studies. In quiet, the mean values of the firing rate, the temporal reliability and mutual information obtained from trained mice were higher than from the exposed mice and the guinea pigs. In stationary and chorus noise, there were only a few differences between the trained mice and the guinea pigs; and the lowest mean values of the parameters were found in the exposed mice. These results suggest that behavioral training can trigger plasticity in IC that allows mice neurons to reach guinea pig-like discrimination abilities.
openalex: W4391470552
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TEACHERS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN THE TEACHERS' TRAINING COLLEGES IN FAKO DIVISION, CAMEROON - Mbeng, Etang Samuel Manyi (European Journal of Education Studies, 2024)
The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ characteristics and their impact on students’ professional training in some teacher training schools in Fako Division, the south west region of Cameroon. This study employed a descriptive survey research design with a target population of 100 teachers in two teachers’ training colleges as respondents. Three research objectives were formulated for that purpose which was later transformed into research questions. Data was gathered through the use of questionnaires and was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The findings reveal there was a positive relationship between teachers’ content mastery, communication, motivation, and personality on student’s professional training. Thus, based on the findings the following recommendations were made; teachers should communicate instructions in simple and clear language so that students will be able to understand also government should constantly organize seminars that will enable teachers to upgrade their knowledge, learn new skills, and become productive. Article visualizations:
openalex: W4391645151
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Risk Behaviors and Practices Toward Dental Health of School Children at Selected Primary Schools in Rwanda - Mukabizimana, Janviere; Kayiranga, Dieudonné; Katende, Godfrey; Bosco, Munyemana Jean (Research Square (Research Square), 2024)
Abstract Background and Aim: Dental diseases present a global health issue, impacting both individuals and economies. Despite preventive measures, dental diseases remain neglected, contributing to systemic health issues and socioeconomic burdens. This study aimed to assess the risk behaviors and oral health practices among Rwandan school children in urban and rural communities. Materials and Methods A quantitative cross-sectional approach was employed, collecting data from two public primary schools. Data analysis was conducted using SSP version 21. Results The study reveals variations in dental health behaviors and practices between urban and rural populations. High frequency in sugar consumption, less time spent brushing, and inappropriate timing for dentist visits have been identified as the main risk behaviors toward dental health. Practices related to poor dental health include the use of inappropriate materials for tooth brushing, a long time before changing them, and non-standardized techniques used to brush teeth. Urban children had higher frequencies of dentist visits than rural children (p = 0.026). However, children from urban areas have the habit of consuming sugary drinks compared to their rural counterparts (p = 0.002). Additionally, significant differences in materials used for brushing teeth were observed, with urban children using toothbrushes and toothpaste, while rural children use charcoals (p = 0.001). The time for changing toothbrushes was statistically significantly different in these two groups (p = 0.011). Conclusion Children from urban areas have a higher frequency of sugar consumption compared to children from rural areas. Most children from rural areas have never visited a dentist, and the majority of them reported using things other than toothbrushes to clean their teeth. The findings indicate the need to enhance educational efforts about dental care by involving parents, the community, schools, and health facility levels.
openalex: W4391473980
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Modeling future (2021–2050) meteorological drought characteristics using CMIP6 climate scenarios in the Western Cape Province, South Africa - Ngwenya, M. Patrick; Simatele, Mulala Danny (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2024)
Abstract Consistent drought modelling under plausible shared socioeconomic–representative concentration pathways (SSP–RCPs) are crucial for effectively managing future drought risk in agricultural environments. The Western Cape (WC) is one of South Africa’s main agro-based provinces and faces a mounting threat of water insecurity due to recurrent drought. The objective of this study was to predict meteorological drought hazard for 2021–2050 based on three CMIP6 scenarios: SSP5–8.5, SSP2–4.5 and SSP1–2.6. Precipitation simulations generated by the sixth version of Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC6) under the SSP5–8.5, SSP2–4.5 and SSP1–2.6 scenarios were used from fifteen stations across the six AEZs of the WC province. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) was computed at 12-month timescales. Trend analysis of precipitation datasets and the SPI-values were done at p < 0.05 using the Mann–Kendall (M–K) test. The findings revealed negative precipitation trends of − 7.6 mm/year in Ceres, while positive trends of 0.3 mm/year were observed in Malmesbury. These findings indicate an improvement from − 7.8 and − 6.4 mm/year in the same regions, respectively, compared to historical trends observed between 1980 and 2020. The results suggest that in 2042 and 2044, Bredasdorp will experience − 2 < SPI < − 1.5 under the SSP2–4.5 scenarios, while Matroosberg in 2038 under the SSP5–8.5 will experience SPI > − 2. The findings of this study will assist in the development of proactive planning and implementation of drought mitigation strategies and policies aimed at reducing water insecurity in AEZs.
openalex: W4391469073
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English-medium instruction in higher education in South Africa - Rooy, Susan Coetzee‐Van; Botha, Werner (2024)
openalex: W4391471200
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“Will I Be Celebrated at the End of This Training?” Inclusive Research in Kenya - Wanjagua, Rachael W.; Heumen, Lieke van; Harris, Sarah Parker (Social sciences, 2024)
The development and practice of inclusive research with people with intellectual disabilities is complex, revealing challenges and lessons that inform innovative and novel methodological approaches. In Africa, inclusive research still lags for various reasons. First, due to societal misconceptions that portray people with intellectual disabilities as unable to self-advocate or as lacking agency and self-determination; second, due to a lack of trained researchers and ethics committees on inclusive research practices. This paper critically reflects on and discusses the strategies and methods used to conduct an inclusive research study in Kenya. The focus was on the methodological approach of including people with intellectual disabilities as researchers in Kenya. Two people with intellectual disabilities were trained as research assistants. This paper describes the experiences with Institutional Review Boards, the processes and experiences while training this research assistants using a UK-developed curriculum, and fieldwork experiences while piloting interview guides, conducting interviews, and conducting focus groups with this research assistants. This study findings indicate the need to culturally adapt co-researcher training, the importance of working with support personnel who empower researchers with intellectual disabilities, and the need for greater advocacy to change negative attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities that hinder their participation in research.
openalex: W4391470720
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Dual sport career experiences of student-athletes studying in South Africa and the USA - Zyl, Louis Jacobus van (African journal of career development, 2024)
Background: Institutions of higher education are hubs for student-athletes pursuing dual careers, in sports and higher education. The concepts of dual careers, transition models and support systems for student sports provide the conceptual framework for this study. Objectives: The study investigated the dual sports career experiences of South African track and field student-athletes who studied at universities in South Africa and the United States of America (USA). Objectives determined satisfaction in terms of student-athlete support systems in their chosen localities. Method: This qualitative study used a purposive sample of 12 participants from a general population of South African junior track and field athletes who pursued dual careers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The respondents found the US National Association Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports system superior to the South African sports system. The dual-career student-athletes transitioning through the last two stages of the South African Long-Term Athlete Development model reported a lack of support that negatively impacted the success of their dual career balance. Conclusion: The South African context of student sport is not generally conducive to creating and enabling a dual sports–academic career environment because of insufficient contextual, processional and sports-specific factors. The participants perceived the NCAA system of student sport as holistic and supportive of their dual-career development. Contribution: This study adds to the limited pool of knowledge relating to the dual-career development of student-athletes, and provides a base line for future research studies.
openalex: W4391474166
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Delivering Schools and Clinics in Rural Senegal (2024)
This chapter employs an original, geocoded dataset of social service investments to estimate the effect of precolonial centralization on a village's likelihood of receiving a new local public good between 2002 and 2012. I find robust evidence that falling within the territory of a precolonial state increases a village’s chance of receiving local infrastructural investments from the local state. This result is robust to a number of alternative explanations and model specifications, affirming the argument that there is something different about how local governments respond to demands for and deliver these public goods in formerly centralized areas even when accounting for similar objective need. The chapter thus documents that we are witnessing the emergence of subnational variation in the spatial logics of local public goods delivery.
openalex: W4306155374
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Retraction: Ectopic expression of ROR1 prevents cochlear hair cell loss in guinea pigs with noise‐induced hearing loss (Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2024)
openalex: W4391718682
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Using GIS and NDVI applications to evaluate Storm Daniel impacts on El-Gabal El-Akhdar Area-Libya: Wadi El-kof as example (مجلة العلوم الانسانية والطبيعية, 2024)
openalex: W4391474453
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Comparative Analysis of the Learning Abilities of Students Who Play Computer Games with Students Who Do Not Play Computer Games in Ogun State, Nigeria. - Aduloju, Elizabeth Titilayo; Soyege, Charles Olawale (International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2024)
openalex: W4392391614
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Role of Community Resources in Education Planning and Delivery in Ghana - Ahasu, Emmanuel Kwame; Kwao, Moses Paafio; Anim, Christian Lawerh; Zang, Paulina Lamisi (Acta educationis generalis, 2024)
Abstract Introduction: This study explored the involvement of community resources in education planning and delivery in Ghana. It focused on how the involvement of community resources have had an impact on educational planning and development in the Ada East District of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Methods: A qualitative method was used, and data collected through structured interview from fifteen participants of parents, teachers, and education officers. The participants were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed qualitatively as per the themes that emerged. Results: The findings indicated that communities contribute to the development of effective educational policies by providing insights and perspectives through various channels, such as community forums, advisory committees, and public hearings. Also, communities celebrate and embrace cultural diversity, fostering inclusivity within educational settings. Discussion: To maximize community involvement in education, it is essential to establish collaborative partnerships with community organizations, PTA, SMC, businesses, and institutions. Community organizations, businesses, and institutions can provide a wide range of resources, such as funding, expertise, facilities, and educational materials. These resources can greatly benefit schools and students, improving the quality of education. Limitations: With just 15 participants, it may be challenging to generalize the findings to the entire population of Ghana, or even a specific region. The small sample size may not adequately represent the diversity of experiences and perspectives within the country. Conclusions: It was recommended that there was a need to establish of strong partnerships between schools, parents, community leaders, and local organizations by the Ghana Education Service is crucial to promote collaboration and shared responsibility in education planning and delivery.
openalex: W4391644990
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Assessment of Quality of Diabetic Care in Teaching Hospitals in Ethiopia: In Comparison to International Guidelines - Akale, Mengesha; Berhe, Trhas Tadesse; Arega, Balew (Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2024)
Background: Comprehensive high quality of care is critical in preventing diabetic complications and improving quality of life. This needs compliance with guidelines and focused therapy. There is no data in Ethiopia evaluating the quality of diabetes care using standard guidelines (American diabetic association and international diabetic federation) as a reference. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College (YHMC) to assess the process and outcome quality indicators of diabetic patients. Data were collected from outpatient clinics between May and July 2022 over a period of 3 months. Diabetic patients with at least one year since diagnosis were selected using systematic random sampling. Both the process and outcome of diabetic quality care indicators were measured and compared with standard guidelines (ADA and IDF). Both descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The P-value < 0.05 was used as statistical significance. Results: About 250 diabetic patients with a mean age of 53± 15 were included. The majority were type 2 diabetes mellitus (83.2%). HbA1c was determined for 128 (51.2%) patients with the recent mean value of 8± 1.6. Only 52 (40.6%) of patients achieved target HbA1c. Annual comprehensive feet examination, urine albuminuria test, and retinal examination were done for 54 (21.6%), 52 (20.8%), and 122 (48.8%), respectively. Single marital status (AOR = 5.76; 95% CI; 1.02– 32.36) P = 0.047, determining HbA1c level at least twice a year (AOR = 6.27; 95% CI; 2.18– 17.73) P = 0.001, and medication adherence (AOR = 7.1; 95% CI; 2.61– 19.01)P = 0.001, were significantly associated with good glycemic control. Conclusion: The overall quality of diabetic care was found suboptimal both in process and outcome quality indicators. Thus, awareness creation about quality indicators for caregivers, compliance with guidelines, wise resource utilization, and cooperation with different stakeholders like hospital management teams, and government officials is needed. Keywords: quality care, process and outcome indicators, diabetes mellitus, glycemic control
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New insights into crustal and geological structures beneath the Southern Benue trough of Nigeria and parts of Cameroon Volcanic Line from tailored gravity data - Apeh, Ojima Isaac; Tenzer, Robert; Pham, Luan Thanh; Ghomsi, Franck Eitel Kemgang; Ribeiro‐Filho, Nelson (Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2024)
We utilized a high-resolution tailored gravity dataset to investigate the geological structure beneath the Southern Benue Trough of Nigeria and along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). The tailored gravity data was obtained by applying a stochastic combination technique to integrate global gravity field model, terrestrial gravity data, and residual gravity data over the study area. We then carried out gravity techniques to compile the Bouguer gravity map and to estimate the crustal thickness. To obtain suitable estimates of the reference depth and density contrast of the Moho interface, we fitted the gravimetrically determined Moho geometry to the seismic estimates by minimizing the Root-Mean-Square of their differences. A minimum RMS of 3.6 km at a reference depth of 26 km and a density contrast of 450 kgm−3 was achieved over the study area. Our results revealed a dense magmatic feature criss-crossing the central portion of the study area. This phenomenon led to a thinning of the crust and formation of various geological structures, mainly at the southern end. We could see a very thick sedimentary cover within some of these structures possibly occasioned by compressional and extensional tectonic forces acting at the southwest end. Our study reveals that these compacted sedimentary covers could be important habitats for mineralization. We have also been able to refine and depict the lateral extent of the crustal architecture at a fine scale using our tailored gravity dataset. We concluded that the tectonic events beneath the study area are complex and point to several geophysical factors earlier revealed in published studies. However, a narrowing of two or more conjugate plates (margins) propelled by an upward force may have primarily led to the upward displacement of some of the magmas in-between those plates forming the intrusive rocks.
openalex: W4390115847
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Enabling asset-based community development solutions: Pro-poor urban climate resilience in Kumasi, Ghana - Appau, Pius Kwabena; Asibey, Michael Osei; Grant, Richard H. (Cities, 2024)
openalex: W4389808074
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Validation of the Scale of Reflective Practice in Clinical Settings among Nursing Students in Morocco - Atmani, Zineb El; Milouk, Fatima Zahra; Sfendla, Anis; Hmidani, Mohamed; Madrane, Mourad; Janati‐Idrissi, Rachid (Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 2024)
The Clinical Practice Reflection Questionnaire (CPRQ) for Nursing Students is a reliable assessment tool used to evaluate students’ reflective practice in clinical settings. However, its validation in the French and Moroccan context and its utilization in nursing education require further investigation. This study aims to verify the validity of the French version of the CPRQ, specifically translated and adapted for nursing students. The study included two purposive samples of nursing students from the Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (HINPHT) in Fez, along with its affiliated campuses in Meknes and Taza. The first sample consisted of 400 nursing students from various academic backgrounds in their second or third year of study. The second sample comprised 800 nursing students. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the sample of 400 participants to identify the underlying factor structure. The EFA revealed six factors, which were further validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the larger sample of 800 participants. The principal factor analysis showed that the CPRQ consists of six factors, explaining 80.78% of the total variance. These factors are essential dimensions of the CPRQ, capturing a significant amount of variability in the scores. The reliability analysis indicated a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.720, indicating good internal consistency. The model's fit indices in the CFA demonstrated high levels of agreement, confirming the strong performance and favorable fit of the measurement model. The CFA also confirmed the original structure proposed by Bijani et al. in 2021, encompassing factors such as professional competence, internal sources of motivation, stimulating clinical context, dynamic organizational atmosphere, reflection-based self-management, and dynamic professional growth. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the French version of the CPRQ scale as an effective tool for evaluating nursing students’ reflection skills in clinical practice. The validated scale can be confidently employed by nursing educators to assess students’ reflective abilities in a rigorous and consistent manner.
openalex: W4391512043
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Towards more inclusive community landscape governance: Drivers and assessment indicators in northern Ghana - Bayala, Eric Rega Christophe; Ros-Tonen, M.A.F.; Yanou, Malaika; Djoudi, Houria; Reed, J. Michael; Sunderland, Terry (Forest Policy and Economics, 2024)
Community-based approaches to landscape governance are considered more legitimate, equitable, and inclusive ways to manage natural resources and more effective in achieving conservation and livelihood goals than centralised and top-down approaches. In Ghana, the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission devolved decision-making authority over natural resources through the Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) governance system. While there is a growing body of literature on the CREMA governance model, few studies have examined the inclusiveness of its decision-making processes. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying the drivers that hinder or foster the inclusiveness of community governance in the Western Wildlife Corridor of northern Ghana and developing a set of inclusivity assessment indicators. Based on data collected through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, we found that several stakeholder groups remain at the margins of the CREMA governance system and feel excluded, particularly Fulani herders, women, and youth. Based on our findings and the literature, we present a set of assessment indicators for inclusive CREMA governance. However, these indicators are unlikely to be fully met because of persisting socio-cultural barriers and power asymmetries. We argue that measures such as capacity building, empowering marginalised social groups, promoting their participation in decision-making, and a bottom-up approach towards creating CREMAs are needed to improve the inclusiveness of CREMA governance. Beyond the CREMAs, the inclusivity indicators developed in this study have broad applicability to environmental and landscape governance.
openalex: W4390123164
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Stratigraphy and eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano, Central Main Ethiopian Rift - Bedassa, Gemechu; Ayalew, Dereje; Getaneh, Worash; Fontijn, Karen; Emishaw, Luelseged; Melaku, Abate A.; Tadesse, Amdemichael Zafu; Demissie, Zelalem; Swindle, Andrew L.; Chamberlain, Katy J. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2024)
Gedemsa caldera is a peralkaline volcanic depression located in the Central sector of the Main Ethiopian Rift. An integrated volcanological study of stratigraphic sections was carried out in order to constrain the eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano (GCV), Ethiopia. Textural analyses on plagioclase crystals together with field observations shed light on magma chamber processes feeding the volcanic complex. A multi-vent eruption is ascribed to the pre-caldera volcanic products, as can be seen from the varying caldera wall sequences comprising lavas and pyroclastic deposits. At least three major caldera-forming eruptions are identified producing: 1) a lower ignimbrite, 2) extensive pumice fall and pyroclastic density current deposits, and 3) an upper ignimbrite exposed in different areas of the caldera, indicating a sector collapse. We identified 20 individual pyroclastic deposits found outside and within the caldera that erupted after the climactic caldera collapse. The most recent volcanic activity at Gedemsa is characterized by rhyolitic lava domes and pyroclastic deposits from eruptions through numerous vents aligned with WNW-ESE pre-existing cross-cutting structures. Macrocryst disequilibrium textures such as fine-scale oscillatory zoning (FOZ), sieve textures, glomerocryst, and synneusis indicate that magma reservoir is characterized by repeated magma injection, convection flows, and mixing.
openalex: W4389752852
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Vulnerability of household livelihoods to climate variability and change in the central rift valley sub-basin of Ethiopia - Bedo, Denbel; Mekuriaw, Abate; Bantider, Amare (Heliyon, 2024)
Ethiopia, despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions, is consistently cited as one of the most vulnerable countries, not only in Sub-Saharan Africa regions but also globally, to climate variability and change. The country's farming households are most vulnerable because of their climate-sensitive livelihoods and limited resources to finance adaptation measures. This study aimed to assess the livelihood vulnerability of communities reliant on a mixed crop-livestock agricultural system and natural resources in the Central Rift Valley sub-basin of Ethiopia to climate variability and change. Structured interviews were used to collect quantitative data from 339 randomly selected households. Livelihood Vulnerability Index was developed to assess the degree of livelihood vulnerability between the two districts. The survey results were supported and substantiated by focus group discussions. The findings show that farm households living in the sub-basin experience different levels of vulnerability to climate variability and change because of their varying adaptive capacities. Considering the aggregate Livelihood Vulnerability Index, Arsi Negele district is considered to be more vulnerable to climate variability and change. The livelihood Vulnerability Index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change results also show that Arsi Negele is more vulnerable since its exposure scores exceed its adaptive capacity. Several factors contribute to the weak adaptive capacity of farmers in Arsi Negele. These factors include lesser adoption of agricultural technology, a low level of knowledge and education, insufficient social networks, less diversification of livelihood strategies, and higher socio-demographic vulnerability. In contrast, Adami Tullu Jido Kombolcha district has a higher sensitivity score due to its limited access to potable water, housing, and land ownership. Strategies that minimize households' degree of sensitivity and enhance their adaptive capacity should be promoted. Such strategies should include the adoption of improved agricultural technologies, strengthening awareness and technical capacity, promoting better soil and water management, accessing credit options, and building community networks. Diversifying household income and establishing alternative livelihoods should also be encouraged.
openalex: W4391515317
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Irrigation strengthens climate resilience: Long-term evidence from Mali using satellites and surveys - BenYishay, Ariel; Sayers, R.D.; Singh, Kaushlendra; Goodman, Seth; Walker, Madeleine; Traoré, Souleymane Sidi; Rauschenbach, Mascha; Noltze, Martin (PNAS nexus, 2024)
Abstract Agriculture in the Sahel and much of sub-Saharan Africa remains to a large extent rainfed. At the same time, climate change is already causing less predictable rainfall patterns in the region, even as rising temperatures increase the amount of water needed for agricultural production. We assess to what extent irrigation can strengthen the climate resilience of farming communities. Our study sample consists of nearly 1,000 distinct locations in Mali in which small-scale, river-based irrigation was introduced over the past two decades, as weather conditions worsened and political upheaval erupted. Using the staggered roll-out of the irrigation and repeated observations over 20 years allows us to compare the pre- and postirrigation outcomes of locations while adjusting for confounding factors. We geospatially link data on irrigation interventions with agricultural conditions measured using satellite imagery and surveys, as well as child nutrition and health outcomes and conflict event data. Using a two-way fixed effects model to quasi-experimentally estimate counterfactual outcomes, we find that the introduction of irrigation led to substantial increases in agricultural production on supported fields, with these gains persisting even a decade later. Children in nearby communities are less likely to be stunted or wasted due to the irrigation, and conflict risks decrease in the closest communities. Some of these gains are offset by worsening conditions farther away from the newly installed irrigation. These findings suggest that, even with political conflicts in semi-arid areas already increasing, sustainable irrigation may offer a valuable tool to improve communities' long-term well-being and social cohesion.
openalex: W4391788210
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Climate Change and Water Resources Management in Ghis-Nekor Watershed (North of Morocco) – A Comprehensive Analysis Using SPI, RDI and DI Indices - Benyoussef, Said; Arabi, Mourad; Yousfi, Yassine El; Cheikh, Boumediene Ben; Abdaoui, Abdellali; Azirar, Maryam; Mechkirrou, Latifa; Ouarghi, Hossain El; Zegzouti, Younes Filali; Boughrous, Ali Ait (Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 2024)
openalex: W4390445378
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Measure for clinical supervision practices as factors of predictive indicators of teachers’ professional identity development in Tanzania - Chaula, Linus (Heliyon, 2024)
Developing teachers' professional identity is an ongoing process requiring multiple factors. However, the literature lacks a relationship between measures for clinical supervision practices and predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity development. Therefore, the study explored the opinions of school heads and teachers on measures for better school heads' clinical supervision practices and predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity development in Tanzania public secondary schools. A qualitative approach and multiple case research design governed the study in Njombe Region. Twelve informants participated in the semi-structured interviews and sixteen in focus group discussions. The analysis approach was content-structured analysis for the quantification of informants' responses. The study found major adjustments focused on pre-observation, classroom observation, and supervisory feedback. Clinical supervision adjustments in the mentioned dimensions are factors for developing predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity, such as loving the teaching profession, working for greater peace and freedom, feeling the teaching work is respected, and improving self-efficacy relative to teaching-learning efficiency. Minor adjustments were found in academic professional development for teachers and post-observation clinical supervision. Consequently, the development of predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity. Such as preserving professional skills and image and being prepared to have commitments to educating students. The study concludes that clinical supervision adjustments are indicators of teachers' professional identity development. The government is recommended to encourage clinical supervisory innovations to promote and enhance teacher professional identity development. Study findings provide a better understanding of a growing body of knowledge about improving clinical supervision practices to develop teachers’ professional identity.
openalex: W4391691760
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Source model of the 2018 MW7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake constrained by InSARmeasurements: Insight into a blind rupture beneath the New Guinea Highlands - Chen, Wei; Sheng, Tianchen; Xiong, Wei (Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2024)
The Southern Highland Fold and Thrust Belt (SHFTB), the boundary of the Australian plate and the New Guinea Highland block, significantly contributes to the convergent deformation along the plate boundary. However, due to the lack of observation data, the detailed slip pattern of the SHFTB and the orogenic mechanism beneath the New Guinea Highlands remains controversial. On 25 February 2018, the MW7.5 Papua New Guinea (PNG) earthquake struck the southeastern segment of the SHFTB. The detailed rupture characteristics of this event is significant for further clarifying the inter-seismic slip pattern along the SHFTB. Here, the coseismic deformation field of this earthquake was obtained using high-resolution ALOS-2 satellite images. We find that the 2018 MW7.5 PNG earthquake ruptured a large-scaled fault (SHFTB) extending to the lower crust (deeper than 20 km) beneath the New Guinea Highlands, with a dip angle of 24°. The slips on the fault plane are equivalent to moment magnitudes of MW7.51. Three major asperities with thrust-dominated slip of up to 3.94 m are detected on the fault plane. This finding implies that the slip pattern on the eastern segment of the SHFTB is dominated by thrust, rather than with significant sinistral movement, as previously reported. The tectonic deformation across the New Guinea Highlands is possibly concentrated on the large-scale fault SHFTB and primarily controls the intra-continental orogeny in the central Papua New Guinea.
openalex: W4391754422
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A Socio-Ecological Exploration of Sub-Saharan Migrant Students in Moroccan Public Schools - Chentoufi, Hicham; Allame, Yamina El Kirat El (International Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2024)
Education and migration intertwine as complex issues, impacting historical, social, cultural, economic, and political domains. While migration studies in the global north have extensively explored education trends among migrants, research in the global south, particularly in Morocco, where public schools host a significant number of Sub-Saharan migrant students, remains scarce. This study seeks to delve into the experiences of four Sub-Saharan students in Moroccan public schools, examining how they navigate the educational environment and the multifaceted impacts it generates. The study gathered data through in-depth, individual interviews with these migrant students. Utilizing a qualitative approach and drawing on the theory of social ecology of human development, the analysis reveals that despite a strong self-awareness, these minority students have unmet academic and non-academic needs. Their development is notably influenced by the diverse structures within their environment. Additionally, the study highlights how the interplay between conflicting microsystems, such as the school and the family, alongside broader macro-level structures like culture and belief systems, hampers the progress and education of these individuals. However, their personal attributes and support from key figures, notably teachers, play a pivotal role in assisting them in overcoming challenges within and outside the school environment. Consequently, the presence of cultural and religious minority students in Moroccan public schools represents a growing trend requiring thoughtful planning and targeted interventions.
openalex: W4391448942
Keywords: openalex:import

Potential geothermal reservoir systems in the Kenyan Great Rift Valley and volcanic region assessed by ambient noise analysis - Chhun, Chanmaly; Tsuji, Takeshi; Ikeda, Tatsunori (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2024)
To identify potential geothermal reservoirs in the Kenyan Great Rift, we analyzed ambient noise data to reveal seismic velocities and map azimuth-based Rayleigh-wave phase velocities. We extracted phase velocity dispersion curves from the ambient noise cross-correlation using the zero-crossing method and constructed S-wave velocity models using 3D surface-wave tomography. S-wave velocities were lower under Silali and Paka volcanoes (i.e., in magmatic regions) and in fractured areas (i.e., geothermal reservoirs) normal to the rift axis. We detected magmas at depths of >3 km beneath the volcanoes. Low-velocity anomalies may be related to fluid migration pathways. Most potential geothermal reservoirs are located above magma bodies and below the rift axis and are associated with intensive fracturing and porous rocks. Our approach used a limited number of seismometers, making it useful for application in areas with restricted access and challenging deployment; therefore, it could be used for the assessment of preliminary results in other magmatically active regions.
openalex: W4389827704
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher Attitudes and Perceptions of Inclusive Education: A Case of Ghana - Chitiyo, Jonathan; Brobbey, Gordon; Asare, Kwame Bediako (The journal of international special needs education, 2024)
Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge and perceptions of 145 teachers from three regions in Ghana regarding inclusive education. The results show that the teachers have moderate knowledge of inclusive education practices and processes. Additionally, slight moderate positive relationships were found between participants’ level of training in inclusive education and their knowledge of inclusive education. From the findings, we argue for stakeholders in teacher education to, as a matter of necessity, reconsider the curriculum and practicum for preparing special and general educators to focus on inclusive practices to effectively prepare pre-service teachers to succeed in inclusive settings. There is also a school leadership imperative, in view of site-specific challenges and needs, to influence school-based strategies to advance inclusionary practices. Successes of such initiatives could be replicated in other schools to advance inclusive education in Ghana. Implications of the study for teacher professional development and inclusive education practice in pre-tertiary educational institutions are underscored.
openalex: W4390612908
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Mental Health and Substance Abuse: An In-Depth Analysis of the Damaging Effect on Students in Colleges of Education in Anambra State, Nigeria - Chukwuemeka, Anuonye Julian (International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2024)
openalex: W4391918172
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Factors Affecting Contraceptives usage among Pupils in Selected Secondary Schools within Chingola District, Zambia - Clayson, Mwaka; Lukose, Elizabeth (EAS journal of nursing and midwifery, 2024)
Background: The contraceptives usage among pupils remains a topical issue globally, regionally and locally. Zambia is underpinned by Christian principles and values and despite that, the country continues to record high levels of unplanned pregnancies among pupils and this hampers the education of a girl child. The study has established that most pupils are sexually active and this puts them at a higher risk of getting unplanned pregnancies and consequently dropping out of School. Objective: The study aimed at investigating the “Factors Affecting Contraceptive Usage Among Pupils in Selected Secondary Schools within Chingola District, Zambia”. Methods and Materials: The study used a cross- sectional study design in which 52 pupils from Chingola and Sekela Secondary Schools were included in a study. The study employed semi-questionnaires and interview guides. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Conclusion: The study has revealed that pupils are at a higher risk of unplanned pregnancies as well as sexually transmitted diseases despite them having knowledge of contraceptives usage. The study has also indicated that 63.5% of pupils were aware of the existence of contraceptives and their functions as a means of prevention of pregnancies. Therefore, there is need of deliberate move by Ministry of Health through District Health offices to promote accessibility to various methods of contraceptives by pupils especially those in Secondary Schools who are sexually active.
openalex: W4391535546
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Survival rate of cervical cancer: a five year review at a Major Teaching Hospital in Ghana, West Africa - Daniels, Joseph P.; Asante, K; Tackie, Judith Naa Odey; Kyei, Kofi Adesi (Ecancermedicalscience, 2024)
openalex: W4391440735
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How motivation and enjoyment spread their wings during English Foreign Language learning: A pseudo-longitudinal investigation into Moroccan learners - Dewaele, Jean‐Marc; Meftah, Rachid (Learning and motivation (Print), 2024)
The current study uses a pseudo-longitudinal design to investigate the trajectory of three lower-order dimensions of Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE): FLE Teacher, FLE Personal and FLE Social (Botes et al., 2021) as well as 11 items/scales reflecting attitudes and motivation in the mini- Attitudes/Motivation Test Battery (Tennant & Gardner, 2004) of 85 Beginner, 322 Intermediate and 95 Advanced Moroccan English Foreign Language learners. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. One-way ANOVAs revealed a significant but non-linear increase for the values of three FLE dimensions across skill levels. Further one-way ANOVAs showed that the values of seven positively oriented motivation scales increased significantly and that the two anxiety scales decreased significantly across skill levels (very small effect sizes). Scheffé post-hoc tests confirmed that the strongest increase happened between Beginner and Intermediate levels for the FLE dimensions before levelling off at an Advanced level. This non-linear pattern was less clear-cut for the motivation scales. Correlation analyses revealed stronger relationships between the FLE dimensions and motivation scales at higher skill levels. We argue that FLE and motivation gradually reinforce each other at high skill levels. Some pedagogical implications are formulated.
openalex: W4391067785
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Outdoor learning environment as a teaching tool for integrating education for sustainable development in kindergarten, Egypt - El-Aasar, Marwa; Shafik, Zeinab; Abou-Bakr, Dalia (Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2024)
Despite the importance of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), there is a lack of emphasis on integrating ESD principles into the learning/physical environment, particularly in early childhood education. Underutilized school grounds and limited outdoor learning opportunities, uninvolved school stakeholders and community hinder the realization of the full transformative potential of education and disconnect learners from real-world experiences. Thus, this study explores how to transform the school grounds into outdoor learning that teaches ESD. To achieve this aim, a quasi-experiment method approach was implemented at Gamal Abdel Naser experimental school in Egypt based on a proposed theoretical framework. The framework adopts UNESCO roadmap for ESD, and integrates it with adaptation in the built environment to reach a “Whole-Institution Approach” indicated in Anne Taylor’s theory “Learning Environment as a 3D Textbook”. The findings demonstrate the transformation of the existing traditional school from individual decision-making to whole institution stakeholder participation including schoolchildren, from subject matter discipline to integrated SDGs 7, 12, 17 within the existing curriculum utilizing the outdoor learning environment as a teaching tool, where enhancing active learning experience in the real context compared with previous passive learning. It also emphasizes the crucial role of architects beyond design in shaping the learning environment and educating the teachers and schoolchildren. The study contributes practical insights for the collaboration of architects, policymakers, and educators involved in early childhood education. It proposes the revision of the codes and standards of to the General Authority for Educational Buildings to integrate ESD in the existing school buildings.
openalex: W4391569194
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Millions more Egyptians will be exposed to drought by 2100 under the goals of the Paris climate agreement - El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M.; Nashwan, Mohamed Salem; Eltahan, Abdelhamid Mohamed Hamdy; Shahid, Shamsuddin (International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2024)
The Paris climate agreement, one of the most promising global agreements on climate change, aims to limit global warming to 2.0 °C by 2100, with an even more ambitious goal of limiting it to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels. Achieving these goals would result in the least severe impacts of climate change. This study assessed the future exposure of the Egyptian population to various drought events. An ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement (SSP1-1.9 and SSP1-2.6), was used to simulate future changes. The Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was employed to calculate drought conditions in two timeframes: early (2020–2059) and late (2060–2100). The findings revealed that even under these low-emission scenarios, an additional 33 million Egyptians would experience an increased frequency of droughts. However, the magnitude of this increase would be less for longer and more severe droughts. By 2100, the number is expected to remain almost the same for SSP1-1.9, while it would rise to 44 million for SSP1-2.6. Furthermore, the frequency of droughts would increase by 3.90 % and 2.65 % in the two futures for SSP1-1.9 and by 4.83 % in the late future for SSP1-2.6. These climate change signals were found to be robust. Overall, the study suggests that short-term droughts are likely to increase more significantly compared to longer-term droughts. The future climate projections presented in this study can provide valuable insights for developing strategies to monitor, adapt to, and mitigate the impacts of climate change in Egypt.
openalex: W4390660784
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Highlighting Volcanic Outcrops by Mapping Geological Lineaments Using Satellite Data in the Saka Region, North-East Morocco - Elaaraj, Abdallah; Lhachmi, Ali; Tabyaoui, Hassan; Alitane, Abdennabi; Yousfi, Yassine El (Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 2024)
openalex: W4390445321
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Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment Among Nigerian Children: A Systematic Review - Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony; Obasuyi, Osamudiamen Cyril; Salihu, Dora Valerie; Bature, Mustapha; Yeye-Agba, Olabisi Olayemi; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem (Clinical ophthalmology, 2024)
Background: Low/middle-income countries have the highest burden of blindeness and visual impairment, which directly affects the children and indirectly affects their community. Furthermore, the number of blind years suffered by children with low vision or blindness creates a self-perpetuating ripple effect on their development, health and the socio-economic development of their communities. This systematic review aims to interrogate the existing evidence on the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Nigerian children to provide evidence to drive health policy. Methods: This was a systematic review without meta-analysis (SwiM) using a narrative synthesis of the evidence reported using the PRISMA guidelines. All primary cross-sectional studies (in English) reporting the prevalence and causes of visual impairment among Nigerian children under 20 years old between 2003 and 2022 were included in this review. PUBMED, AJOL, BASE and ProQuest databases were searched for eligible studies between 6 June and 15 July 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the AXIS tool. Results were extracted and summarised using descriptive statistics. Visual impairment and blindness using the presenting visual acuity in the better eye were reported using the WHO classification. Results: Seventeen studies, involving 16,924 children from 13 states across five geo-political zones in Nigeria, were included in the final analysis of this review. The prevalence of visual impairment was 3.9%, 2.7% and 0.3% for mild, moderate and severe visual impairments, respectively, due to ametropia, cataracts, glaucoma, etc. The prevalence of blindness was 0.2% due to cataracts, corneal scars and optic atrophy. Conclusion: Blindness and visual impairment is still a significant clinical and public health burden among Nigerian children. Hence, there is still a need for clinicians, especially opthalmologists, public health specialists, policy-makers, and other relevant stakeholders to intensify efforts towards the prevention and control of this burden. Keywords: visual impairment, blindness, childhood blindness, childhood visual impairment, Nigeria, systematic review
openalex: W4391388145
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Climate change as a veiled driver of migration in Bangladesh and Ghana - Fernández, Santiago Huerta; Arce, Guadalupe; García‐Alaminos, Ángela; Cazcarro, Ignacio; Arto, Iñaki (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)
openalex: W4392159634
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Relevance and effectiveness of primary school teachers’ professional development policy and practices in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia - Geletu, Girma Moti (Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 2024)
The study evaluated the relevance and effectiveness of primary school teachers’ professional development policy and practices in Oromia Regional State. The researcher used a mixed method with concurrent triangulation design. The researcher selected a total of 618 samples of the study using different sampling techniques such as purposive, convenience, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques. The data were collected from primary sources of data such as teachers, mentors, principals, supervisors, coordinating committees, and parents using questionnaires, interview, focus group discussion, document examination, and observation. The researcher analyzed the data using mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test, and thematic narration. The findings of study showed that teachers’ professional development practices were powerless to update professional competencies and improve professional and innovative pedagogical practices in classrooms. Primary school teachers were not learning proficiently from continuous professional development practices to ensure basic and specific professional competencies required in classrooms. The implementations of reflective activities such as action researches, classroom observation, differentiated learning, collaborative learning, microteaching, and lesson studies couldn’t contribute to practical changes. The study forecasts the requirement of context specific policy framework and practical toolkit for newly deployed and experienced teachers rather than focusing on the generic policy document.
openalex: W4391482692
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Predicting the core determinants of cloud-edge computing adoption (CECA) for sustainable development in the higher education institutions of Africa: A high order SEM-ANN analytical approach - Hiran, Kamal Kant; Dadhich, Manish (Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2024)
In the recent past, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the determinants affecting cloud computing adoption at different institutional levels. The study aims to identify how technological, organizational, environmental, and socio-culture factors influence the adoption of cloud edge technologies. The proposed theoretical framework is based on the main determinants of the TOE theory and extends it by incorporating a socio-cultural predictor. Eighteen core manifests were extracted from previous literature and the standard theories. The researcher used a proper validation process to create a valid questionnaire. Two-stage analytical methods, i.e., SEM and ANN, test the proposed model. SEM is applied to test all core hypotheses, and identified significant predictors are considered input items to the neural network model to ascertain the relative magnitude of each manifest in a subsequent stage. The outcomes of the quantitative investigation outline the relationship between chosen constructs and cloud-edge computing adoption (CECA). The study supports all core hypotheses using SEM. The study is one of the novel attempts to empirically confirm and estimate the synergy of multimodal structure to elucidate the relative importance of manifests to be considered by top management of HEIs.
openalex: W4389215991
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Toothbrush Contamination and Disinfection Among Undergraduate Students in Selected Universities in Somalia - Hussein, Sonay; Hussein, Abdirahman; Nur, Ahmed; Ali, Atif; Mohamed, Yahye Garad; Ali, Anees Janee (Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 2024)
openalex: W4392053669
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Assessing the Integration of E-Learning Platforms in Achieving Effective Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Colleges of Education in South-East Nigeria, A Case Study of Anambra and Imo States - Ibe, Franklin Nnanna (International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2024)
openalex: W4392391590
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Why Nigeria should ban Single-use Plastics: Excessive Microplastic Pollution of the water, sediments and fish species in Osun River, Nigeria - Idowu, Gideon Aina; Oriji, Adewumi Yetunde; Olorunfemi, Kehinde Oluwasiji; Sunday, Michael Oluwatoyin; Sogbanmu, Temitope O.; Bodunwa, O. K.; Shokunbi, Oluwatosin Sarah; Aiyesanmi, Ademola Festus (Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 2024)
The Osun River serves as a source of drinking and domestic water for some communities in Osun State Nigeria, in addition to providing a source of “healing water” for the worshippers of the Osun goddess. The sacred river has earned the status of a UNESCO world heritage centre for the worldwide attention it receives, as a result of the yearly Osun-Oshogbo worship festival. In this study, an initial investigation of microplastic pollution of the river water, sediments and fish species was conducted. Abundance of microplastics in the river water samples, at a maximum of 22,079 ± 134 particles/litre, represents the highest reported so far for a river water globally. FTIR analyses revealed seven polymer materials, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), that have not been commonly reported for river environments. Microplastics ranged from 407 ± 244 to 1691.7 ± 443 particles in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of six fish species analysed, with silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) having the highest concentration. Levels in the fishes are higher than those reported for fishes in Asia and Europe, but similar to some other plastic pollution hotspots in Africa. This study recognizes the uncontrolled and indiscriminate disposal of single-use plastics as a key factor in the level of microplastic pollution of the Osun river. We emphasize the need by Nigerian government to ban certain single-use plastics, as a step towards reducing plastic pollution of Nigerian rivers, that shelter important fish species and provide water for religious and domestic purposes.
openalex: W4391222308
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Land use planning and climate change adaptation in river-dependent communities in Nigeria - Joseph, Enamuthu; Ngang, Eric; Ekott, Idibeke (Environmental Development, 2024)
Land use planning and climate change adaptation are critical for ensuring sustainable development and resilience in river-dependent communities in Nigeria. This study examines land use planning and climate adaptation in river-dependent communities in the Lower Niger River region of Nigeria. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach. Data for the study were gathered from 198 households through surveys, complemented by 17 qualitative interviews and remote sensing techniques to assess land use dynamics and community perceptions. Findings reveal a notable trend where impoverished farmers face heightened vulnerability to climate change due to financial constraints, hindering their adoption of adaptive land use strategies. Specifically, more than half of the households possess individual land for agricultural purposes yet lack the resources to effectively mitigate climate-related risks. Among the studied communities, Odekpe emerged as particularly vulnerable, with a prevalence of vulnerability at 32.3% and higher exposure to flood-prone zones. The quantitative analysis delineates community engagement in land management practices, showcasing proactive resource allocation and conflict resolution efforts among over 60% of participants. However, a significant portion (57.6%) lacked awareness of hydrological changes, potentially impeding effective land use planning and adaptation measures. Further analysis through remote sensing and mapping techniques revealed shifts in land use land cover, highlighting a transition from predominantly vegetated areas to built-up regions over the past three decades. The flood vulnerability assessment maps underscored substantial vulnerability across the Lower Niger basin, especially in downstream regions, indicating heightened risks due to proximity to the Niger River and heavy rainfall. Qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews identified challenges impeding effective land use planning, including uncertain climate projections, insufficient data, institutional capacity constraints, and conflicting priorities. Additionally, participants emphasized the need for resilient land use decisions to address urbanization impacts, altered drainage patterns, and diminishing green spaces. The study recommends several key actions to enhance the effectiveness of land use planning and climate adaptation in the Lower Niger River region. These include the imperative to strengthen institutional capacities, improve stakeholder engagement processes, integrate traditional knowledge and practices into planning efforts, fortify legal frameworks governing land use, and prioritize the promotion of sustainable livelihoods among local communities.
openalex: W4391849266
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The Jurassic climate change in the northwest Gondwana (External Rif, Morocco): Evidence from geochemistry and implication for paleoclimate evolution - Kairouani, Hajar; Abbassi, Anas; Zaghloul, Mohamed Najib; Mourabet, Mohamed El; Micheletti, Francesca; Fornelli, Annamaria; Mongelli, Giovanni; Critelli, Salvatore (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2024)
The present work deals with Jurassic deposits belonging to the External Rif chain. It is well known that the Jurassic time was a crucial period in the earth's history as witness of significant climate changes. This work aims to provide a preliminary reconstruction of the regional Jurassic paleoclimate of the northwest Gondwana hinterland and its global paleogeographic context. We used diverse geochemical proxies to unravel paleoclimate of the Jurassic sediments accumulated in the Atlantic and Tethysian hyperextended passive margins bordering the northwest Gondwana. We reconstituted their paleo-humidity, paleo-precipitation, paleo-weathering, paleo-productivity, paleo-floral landscape distribution in the Gondwanaland, the paleo-redox, paleo-oxygenation and paleosalinity of the bordering oceanic sinks. The obtained results indicate that the early Jurassic climate was cool with low rainfall and productivity, while the middle Jurassic was characterized by a semi-moist warm climate with high chemical weathering and subsequent seaward terrigenous supply. The Uppermost Jurassic climate was warm, semi-moist to moist with a return to an arid cold climate marked by high rainfall amount which yielded more terrigenous material to the bordering Tethysian and Atlantic hyperextended passive margins around the northwest Gondwana hinterland. The result of this research reveals, among others, the control of the first-order geodynamic processes on the Jurassic mid-latitude climate change, such as plate tectonics reorganization, oceanic seafloor spreading, and subsequent volcanic activity. The latter may triggered a climate shift from early Jurassic dry “cool” to middle-late Jurassic wet warm “greenhouse” climate conditions around the northwest Gondwanaland. Besides, the Jurassic climate change may have been also controlled by successive mega-monsoons that occurred through the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ICZ) over margins and oceanic realms bordering the northwest Gondwanaland.
openalex: W4392021613
Keywords: openalex:import

Compounding challenges for Syrian refugees in Türkiye in the wake of the earthquake - Kaloti, Rasha; Diab, Jasmin Lilian; Alkhalil, Munzer; Rayes, Diana; Abbara, Aula (The Lancet Global Health, 2024)
The earthquake that affected southern Türkiye and northern Syria on Feb 6, 2023, had devastating consequences, particularly impacting vulnerable communities across these areas. These vulnerable communities include 1·7 million of the 3·8 million Syrian refugees in Türkiye.1Karlsen V The earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria: a crisis within the crisis. UNHCR, April 3, 2023https://www.unhcr.org/neu/97487-the-earthquakes-in-turkiye-and-syria-a-crisis-within-the-crisis.htmlDate accessed: February 1, 2024Google Scholar With a staggering number of aftershocks (29 600) and reported deaths (54 000), the earthquake caused widespread destruction and exacerbated the already complex sociopolitical and economic context. Although Türkiye's policies toward Syrian refugees have been supportive of their rights to health care and work compared with other countries in the region, prolonged conflict in Syria leading to the refugees' extended stay in Türkiye, and a changing social, political, and economic landscape, have presented challenges for the refugees.2Mavrouli M Mavroulis S Lekkas E Tsakris A An emerging health crisis in Turkey and Syria after the earthquake disaster on 6 February 2023: risk factors, prevention and management of infectious diseases.Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 111022PubMed Google Scholar Health-care access for Syrian refugees falls under Temporary Protection regulation, a component of the 2003–13 Health Transformation Project that revolutionised the Turkish health system and established the General Health Insurance Scheme.3Kayali N Syrian refugees navigate Turkey's shifting health care terrain. MERIP, Nov 24, 2020https://merip.org/2020/11/syrian-refugees-navigate-turkeys-shifting-health-care-terrain/Date accessed: April 20, 2023Google Scholar Despite this scheme offering health-care services and medications equivalent to those provided for Turkish citizens, obstacles persist for Syrian refugees due to language barriers, differences in medical culture, and travel distances.3Kayali N Syrian refugees navigate Turkey's shifting health care terrain. MERIP, Nov 24, 2020https://merip.org/2020/11/syrian-refugees-navigate-turkeys-shifting-health-care-terrain/Date accessed: April 20, 2023Google Scholar The EU has funded Türkiye with €6 billion through the EU Facility for Refugees in Türkiye to support projects in many areas, including health care, infrastructure, humanitarian assistance, and education.4European CommissionThe EU Facility for Refugees in Turkey.https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-08/frit_factsheet.pdfDate: 2023Date accessed: July 20, 2023Google Scholar For health care, 190 migrant health centres were established in Türkiye over the last few years, where Syrian refugee doctors could work as generalists, mitigating some of the language barriers faced by refugees.4European CommissionThe EU Facility for Refugees in Turkey.https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-08/frit_factsheet.pdfDate: 2023Date accessed: July 20, 2023Google Scholar However, economic downturns, inflation, and rising health-care needs have hampered the programme's reach. The earthquake led to the collapse of hospitals, destruction of infrastructure, and immediate homelessness for 1·5 million people in Türkiye.5Qu Z Wang F Chen X Wang X Xhou Z Rapid report of seismic damage to hospitals in the 2023 Turkey earthquake sequences.Earthq Res Adv. 2023; 3100234Crossref Scopus (4) Google Scholar Displaced Syrians faced worsening discrimination in accessing services, given the stark and overwhelming emergency and health-care needs and the existing challenges they already faced; the social and political atmosphere worsened subsequent to the earthquake, with political actors exploiting the issue, leading to an increase in anti-Syrian sentiment.6Gebeily M Kucukgocmen A Chacar H Earthquake fans anti-Syrian sentiment in Turkey amid desperate conditions. Reuters, Feb 13, 2023https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/earthquake-fans-anti-syrian-sentiment-turkey-amid-desperate-conditions-2023-02-13/Date accessed: August 13, 2023Google Scholar Due to the earthquake, there were also economic impacts, shortages of housing and shelter, and job losses exacerbating the situation for Syrian refugees; these had wider impacts, such as on health-care access. Turkish authorities established Family Health Centres and Primary Health Care Units in response, deploying emergency medical teams and initiating humanitarian efforts.7Subramaniam T Haq SN Upright E et al.February 9, 2023, Turkey–Syria earthquake news. CNN, Feb 9, 2023https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/turkey-syria-earthquake-updates-2-9-23-intl/h_2700d06892d3c9707c61820e6d21ab22Date accessed: July 20, 2023Google Scholar However, challenges persisted for Syrian refugees, especially for particularly vulnerable groups, such as women and girls who faced shortages in reproductive health care and supplies.8Berdyklychev B Türkiye earthquakes: six months of resilient response and support. World Health Organization, Aug 1, 2023https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/01-08-2023-turkiye-earthquakes-six-months-of-resilient-response-and-supportDate accessed: June 13, 2023Google Scholar Such challenges to accessing health care in the wake of natural disasters often have a gender and intersectional element. For women and girls, the threat of gender-based violence escalated, and for older or disabled people—especially among refugees—the hurdles in accessing health care became more pronounced than before the earthquake.9CARE InternationalRapid gender analysis policy brief: Türkiye & northwest Syria earthquake response.https://www.care-international.org/resources/rapid-gender-analysis-policy-brief-turkiye-northwest-syria-earthquake-response#:~:text=Earthquakes%20are%20gender%20neutral%20%2D%20they,of%20disasters%20exacerbate%20gender%20inequalityDate: Feb 16, 2023Date accessed: May 10, 2023Google Scholar In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, there were evident and substantial mental health and psychosocial needs for both citizens and refugees alike, including grief and secondary trauma, placing a substantial burden on first responders and caregivers. It is less clear how those needs have been met in the longer term, particularly among refugees who are affected by the already low numbers of mental health specialists in Türkiye, particularly those who speak Arabic. These shortages of mental health professionals present barriers to access to mental health support for both Turkish and Syrian populations.10Karaoğlan Kahiloğulları A Alataş E Ertuğrul F Malaj A Responding to mental health needs of Syrian refugees in Turkey: mhGAP training impact assessment.Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020; 14: 84Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar More than 100 countries supported emergency humanitarian efforts in Türkiye in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake;10Karaoğlan Kahiloğulları A Alataş E Ertuğrul F Malaj A Responding to mental health needs of Syrian refugees in Turkey: mhGAP training impact assessment.Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020; 14: 84Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar in contrast, no international aid entered northern Syria for at least 7 days after the earthquake. Northwest Syria, the area most affected by the earthquake, is essentially besieged; the Turkish border is on one side, and areas under Syrian government control on the other, with a virtually impermeable border. Despite the dire situation on both sides of the border, when the borders opened several days after the earthquake, allowing people to enter Syria, many chose to re-enter given their grave losses in Türkiye and challenges of accessing health care, shelter, and other services. Policies that support universal health coverage and equitable health-care access, and strengthen the focus on primary health-care services, can support both host and refugee populations in their recovery. The aftermath of the earthquake in Türkiye has starkly illuminated the multifaceted challenges encountered by Syrian refugees, necessitating a holistic approach that extends beyond immediate health-care needs to encompass broader socioeconomic and political determinants, which is essential for both the refugee and host populations. Improved access to health care can be achieved through focus on the improved integration of Syrian refugees and other vulnerable populations into the Turkish health-care system, fostering inclusivity and advancing universal health care for all, rather than developing a parallel health system. For this integration to occur, addressing the language and cultural barriers that Syrian refugees face through availability of translators and cultural mediators, and increasing integration of Syrian health-care professionals into the Turkish health system, continue to be paramount. Although Türkiye has policies that support the integration of Syrian health-care professionals are among the best in the Eastern Mediterranean region, obstacles persist such that some health-care professionals base themselves in Türkiye but cross into northwest Syria to work, instead of working in Türkiye. Effectively addressing these issues in the wake of the earthquake could be essential for successful investment in the right to health for all vulnerable populations in Türkiye. DR is funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, which supports her doctoral studies, including contributions to the manuscript; she is also the chair of the Syria Public Health Network. All other authors declare no competing interests. Editorial note: The Lancet Group takes a neutral position with respect to territorial claims in institutional affiliations.
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Effects of climate change on the distribution of the native Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Morocco - Kassout, Jalal; Chakkour, Soufian; Ouahrani, Abdeltif El; Hmimsa, Younes; Fatehi, Salama El; Yang, Yanzheng; Hadria, Rachid; Ariza-Mateos, David; Palacios-Rodríguez, Guillermo; Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.; Ater, Mohammed (Research Square (Research Square), 2024)
Abstract Climate change is expected to alter many natural ecosystems around the world, by affecting plants growth and distribution. This is particularly emphasized for several Mediterranean plant species and communities. In this study, we investigate the suitable habitat and geographical distribution of a remarkable Mediterranean tree, Ceratonia siliqua L. (Leguminosae), in Morocco. We hypothesized a reduction in the carob tree suitable habitats under climate change scenarios. To this end, we applied the maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) to generate current and future models using 303 occurrence points coupled with 19 bioclimatic variables. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) by 2050 and 2070 were considered as future input scenarios. The maximum entropy model provides satisfactory results, with a high value of the Area Under Curve equal to 0.987 (±0.001). Jackknife tests indicate that precipitation followed by temperature play a significant role in the biogeographical dynamics of the Moroccan carob tree. Thus, the obtained results confirm our hypothesis of a reduction of the suitable area under the projected climate change scenarios by 2050 and 2070. The approaches developed in this study is promising to predict the potential distribution of native Mediterranean species and can be an effective tool to support conservation and restoration programs.
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A systematic review of recent estimations of climate change impact on agriculture and adaptation strategies perspectives in Africa - Koné, Sita; Baldé, Alpha Bocar; Zahonogo, Pam; Sanfo, Safiétou (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2024)
openalex: W4392245567
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Assessing the influence of climate variability and land cover change on water resources in the Wami river catchment, Tanzania - Lalika, Christossy; Mujahid, Aziz Ul Haq; Lalika, Makarius C.S. (Environmental Earth Sciences, 2024)
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Observations from the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence in Türkiye and Syria - Lubkowski, Z.; Hiçyılmaz, Kubilây (Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 2024)
Early last year major earthquakes devastated parts of Türkiye and Syria, killing nearly 60 000 people and destroying 84 000 buildings. Seismic experts Ziggy Lubkowski and Kubilây Hiçyılmaz of Arup summarise the various international reports on the disaster and the lessons learned.
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Examining Digital Divide in Secondary and Primary Education Online Content Users Based in Tanzania - Lubua, Edison Wazoel (University of Dar es Salaam Library journal, 2024)
This paper determined the digital divide among secondary and primary education online platforms in Tanzania. The study addressed three key aspects: first, it determined the contribution of facilitating conditions in the digital divide among secondary and primary school learners. Secondly, it determined how the quality of existing secondary and primary education digital platforms defines the current status of the digital divide. Lastly, the study provides steps to be taken by stakeholders of education in addressing the digital divide in the context of secondary and primary education. The study used the qualitative approach. First, it used government reports and other organisational publications to obtain statistical information on facilitating conditions for educational digital services. Secondly, it studied 302 online reviews by users of seven (7) digital platforms for secondary and primary education contents in Tanzania. In the first set of results facilitating conditions such as ownership of smartphones, computers, Televisions, and access to the Internet still contribute to the digital divide among users of secondary and primary education platforms. In the second set of reviews, the study observed the following nature of reviews submitted by users to studied online platforms. The first category had a positive view of digital platforms. This is a positive view submitted to the platform on its usefulness. In all platforms, users were of the view that the platforms were useful. Another category was that of poor technical quality. This view reflects the perception of viewers that the quality of the accessed platform was poor. In this category, users were more uncomfortable with the inability of the platform to launch appropriately. The third category was about the quality of the contents. In all platforms, users suggested that the contents were inadequate. With the guidance of policies, all stakeholders need to engage together in addressing observed issues of the digital divide.
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Climate and biodiversity change constrain the flow of cultural ecosystem services to people: A case study modeling birding across Africa under future climate scenarios - Manley, Kyle; Egoh, Benis N. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)
Global change is currently impacting ecosystems and their contributions to people (i.e. ecosystem services). These impacts have consequences for societies and human well-being, especially in Africa. Historically, efforts have focused on assessing global change from a social or biophysical perspective, treating them as separate entities. Yet, our understanding of impacts to social-ecological systems remains limited, particularly in the Global South, due to a lack of data, tools, and approaches accounting for social and ecological aspects of ecosystem services. This is especially relevant for cultural ecosystem services as they are less tangible. We use a simple indicator and important provider of a multitude of cultural ecosystem services, birding, to understand how climate, biodiversity, and land use change will impact cultural ecosystem services across Africa. We explore how emerging tools and data can overcome limitations in mapping and modeling cultural ecosystem services, particularly in analyzing human preferences and behavior at large spatiotemporal scales and in data-poor regions. Leveraging crowdsourced data from eBird and using machine learning techniques we map and model recreational birding to assess the underlying social-ecological relationships and the impact of future climate and environmental change. We show that bird species richness, protected areas, accessibility, and max temperature contribute most to birding suitability across the continent. Further, we show spatial shifts in the suitability of birding under three future climate scenarios (SSP126, 370, and 585). Models suggest climate and biodiversity change will increasingly constrain the flow of birding related cultural ecosystem services across Africa. This has implications for human-nature interactions, development of countries, management of protected areas, and overall human well-being in the future. More generally, we highlight opportunities for crowdsourced datasets and machine learning to integrate non-material ecosystem services in models and thus, enhance the understanding of future impacts to ecosystem services and human well-being.
openalex: W4391755693
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How does the weather and climate change affect firm performance in low-income countries? Evidence from Uganda - Mawejje, Joseph (Sustainable Futures, 2024)
This study examines the impacts of weather and climate shocks on firm performance in Uganda, a low-income country that shares many characteristics with countries at similar levels of development. The analysis exploits panel methods on novel quarterly business climate data. The results are threefold. First, weather and climate shocks are negatively associated with business performance. Second, these effects are stronger among micro and small enterprises, and among firms in the agricultural and industrial sectors. Third, poor business environments characterized by excruciating constraints exacerbate the impact of climate shocks on business performance. The results are robust to alternative econometric model specifications.
openalex: W4391691361
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Can We Unlearn Racism? What South Africa Teaches Us About Whiteness Can We Unlearn Racism? What South Africa Teaches Us About Whiteness By Jacob R. Boersema Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press , 2022, 299 pp., $110.00 (hardback), $28.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9781503627789 (paperback). - Metcalfe, Jody (Journal of Development Studies, 2024)
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Fostering Students Mastery of Culinary Competencies through Computer-Based Scaffolding in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Minishi, Lusanji Liza; Mugo, Chomba Bernard; Elizabeth, Naliní; Florence, Abuyeka Miima (Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2024)
openalex: W4392565141
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Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education in Ethiopia: An Exploratory Qualitative Study - Mohammed, Abdull; Zegeye, Robel Tezera; Dawed, Hikma; Tessema, Yenuse (Advances in medical education and practice, 2024)
openalex: W4391929055
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Improving road damage maintenance in South Africa using deep learning - Mothilall, Devesh; Zyl, Terence L. van (2024)
openalex: W4392981720
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Correlates gender traits and mindset on the choice of physics subject at high school in Kenya - Mugendi, Eunice Ruraa; Gitonga, Ciriaka Muriithi; Rugano, Peter; Ndwiga, Zachary Njagi (International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 2024)
Higher education and training in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are important for the industrial growth and development of any nation. Physics subject provides the basics for training in many STEM areas. However, failure to pursue physics to the end of high school denies learners opportunities in STEM courses. This research employed a correlational design and survey method to examine the relationship of gender traits (GT) and mindset (MS) with learners’ intention to choose physics among 378 high school students randomly sampled. The study adopted the gender traits test and mindset questionnaires. The Chi-square test for the relationship of GT and MS with the intention to choose a physics subject yielded p>0.05. These results revealed that no student is deprived of an opportunity to pursue physics to higher levels on account of their GT or MS. Thus, attempts to increase the number of learners who can potentially pursue STEM courses by studying physics in high school should focus on other known factors other than GT and MS.
openalex: W4389696880
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Differences in behavior problems and academic achievement between students with and without health impairments in Ethiopia - Muluneh, Birhanu; Bejji, Tekalign Deksissa (Cogent psychology, 2024)
Students with health impairments (SWHIs) are at greater risk of academic and behavioral difficulties in comparison to their peers without health impairments. However, school-based comparative studies with regard to differences in behavior problems and academic achievement between students with and without health impairments are quite rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between behavior problems and academic achievement among students with and without health impairments; and examine whether behavior problems were related to academic achievement among SWHIs. A random sample of 483 students with and without health impairments have participated in the study. The total difficulties scale of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess behavior problems and average aggregate marks were used to measure academic achievement of students. Descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were utilized to analyze the data. The result demonstrated significant differences in behavior problems and academic achievement between students with and without health impairments. Behavior problems had a significant negative relationship with academic achievement of SWHIs. SWHIs in Addis Ababa are at increased risk for higher rates of behavior problems and lower scores of academic achievement. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
openalex: W4391479892
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Online Learning and Professional Development for Faculty and Staff at Makerere University in Uganda - Nabushawo, Harriet Mutambo; Aguti, Jessica Norah (2024)
The study set out to establish why the uptake of e-learning among faculty at Makerere University is low in spite of numerous efforts by the university to scaffold staff by putting in place appropriate policies, infrastructure and supporting staff trainings through higher degrees, short courses and workshops. The main research question that guided the study was to establish the contribution of training in eLearning in transforming academic staff practices in course design, delivery and assessment. In order to understand the current academic staff’s pedagogical practices and how these have been influenced by the training in eLearning that has been conducted over the years, the study utilized mixed research approaches to gather data from faculty, university administrators and students. The results indicate that majority of faculty at Makerere University have received training in elearning to enable them to transform their pedagogical practices however, the delay in the uptake of e-learning is tagged to heavy workload, inadequate motivation for e-content development process and inadequate opportunities continuous professional development. Looking at the few available courses on the institutional Learning Management System (LMS) revealed that courses are not well designed to support online learning because they are not interactive in nature. While using interactivity model to check on the quality of the courses online, the study established that all the courses on the LMS are at level one of interactivity, which does not give students a high degree of interaction (Gutierrez 2012). Most of the course shells have just course outlines and reading materials in form of PowerPoint presentations, PDF files, journal articles, videos and Audios. The study therefore concluded that as much as online pedagogy is making inroads at Makerere University, it is a relatively new mode of study and therefore there is need for continuous sensitisation and training of both staff and students so as to acquire the necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes for effective adoption of eLearning.
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Effectiveness of the continuous professional development training on upper primary mathematics and science and elementary technology teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Rwanda - Nkundabakura, Phéneas; Nsengimana, Théophile; Uwamariya, Eugenie; Nyirahabimana, Pascasie; Nkurunziza, Jean Baptiste; Mukamwambali, Concilie; Dushimimana, Jean Claude; Batamuliza, Jane; Byukusenge, Céline; Iyamuremye, Aloys (Discover Education, 2024)
Abstract This research aimed to determine the influence of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) training offered by Rwanda Quality Basic education for Capital Human Development Project (RQBEHCD) sub-component 1.2 on upper primary teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in mathematics and science, and elementary technology (SET) subjects. The study adopted an explanatory sequential design to collect and analyze data. Quantitative data were collected from Mathematics and SET achievement tests while qualitative data were collected from semi-structured interview. Quantitative data were collected from 290 participants including 166 male and 124 female teachers. On the other side, the qualitative data were collected from 20 teachers including 12 males and 8 females selected randomly. Descriptive and inferential statistics (repeated measures Analysis of Variance were used to analyze quantitative data while interpretive and thematic analysis were used to analyze qualitative data. The results found high statistical significance in mean scores of mathematics teachers between pre and post-test, with a p < 0.001, medium learning gain of 0.37, and an effect size of 0.450. However, there were no significant differences found between male and female teachers ( p > 0.05). Likewise, SET teacher's results showed a significant difference in mean score between pre and post-test with p < 0.01, learning gain of 0.20, and effect size of 0.432 but no significant difference was found between male and female teachers ( p > 0.05). In addition, the qualitative results indicated that the CPD program enhanced engagement, interest, confidence, and self-efficacy in teaching Mathematics and Science. Thus, we recommended that the CPD program should be done nationwide to maintain teachers’ PCK in mathematics and science.
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Smart classrooms and education outcomes: Evidence from Rwanda - Nsabimana, Aimable; Nganga, Muthoni; Niyizamwiyitira, Christine (2024)
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Review of renewable energy in Nigeria for climate change mitigation - Obada, David O.; Muhammad, Mamuda; Tajiri, Bala; Kekung, Mkpe O.; Abolade, Simeon A.; Akinpelu, Shittu B.; Akande, Akinlolu (Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2024)
The reality of climate change is a fact that cannot be disputed. Its impact is felt globally on nature and humans. Drought, flooding, delayed or excessive rainfall, extreme heat conditions, rising sea levels, hurricanes, etc. Have been linked to global warming and climate change. Anthropogenic activities, especially in energy exploitation, are a major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) driving climate change. As such, to combat climate change, continued energy sourcing from fossil fuels with the emission of greenhouse gases must be replaced by cleaner renewable energy (RE) options. Climate change and its effects are a global phenomenon and require concerted effort by all nations to combat. Nigeria is one of the countries most affected by climate change given frequent floodings and other climate change related disasters. Also, Nigeria is a signatory to the Paris Climate Accord. However, the country is facing severe electricity shortages necessitating increased use of fossil fuels. How can Nigeria meet its commitment to climate change mitigation and the energy need in the country? This paper reviews the current energy situation in Nigeria, the Nigerian RE program, the RE sources in Nigeria, climate change mitigation initiatives, and the challenges of RE technologies in Nigeria and proposes the way forward. The study identifies RE potentials like wind, biomass, hydro, and solar technologies, and how they could be harnessed for climate change mitigation. Increasing the use of such energy sources in Nigeria will drastically cut off emissions of carbon dioxide and in that way stem climate change. In conclusion, the paper enumerates recommendations to conserve the present energy generated in the country using energy-efficient products and practices.
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Assessing literacy on the interconnection between non-communicable diseases and climate change among youth in Nairobi, Kenya: An interventional study - Oduor, Kevin; Ogweno, Stephen Odhiambo; Koech, Naila Chebet; Ayallo, Harrison; Otieno, O Fredrick (MOJ Public Health, 2024)
This study investigates the efficacy of mixed-method educational interventions in enhancing literacy levels among youth in Nairobi concerning the intricate relationship between climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The education methods used in this study included a continuous trainer-of-the-trainer approach, and peer learning combined with digital health interventions including the NCDs 365 App and the NCDs for Public Health Online course. Utilizing a rigorous methodology, the study engaged 70 participants at baseline and 65 at endline, with a minimal attrition rate. The study focused on key indicators, including literacy levels, positive behavioral changes, and the integration of digital health technologies. Results indicate a commendable increase in literacy levels, with 95.4% of respondents accurately recognizing NCDs at the endline, compared to 81.4% at baseline. Positive shifts were evident in the understanding of examples and major risk factors of NCDs. Climate change awareness notably improved, with 76.9% defining it as a long-term shift in weather patterns at the endline, compared to 44.3% at baseline. The association between climate change and NCDs was acknowledged by 86.2% at endline, up from 57.1% at baseline. Attitudinal and behavioral changes were prominent, as 95.4% expressed intent to participate in NCDs and climate change activities at the endline, compared to 81.4% at baseline. Digital health technologies demonstrated substantial engagement, with 87.7% downloading the NCD365 app. Further, 93.8% enrolled in the online course, and 75.4% frequently used the NCD365 app. Encouragingly, 94.7% would recommend the app to friends. The study concludes that educational interventions significantly enhance knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to climate change and NCDs among youth in Nairobi. Recommendations include expanding similar initiatives, incorporating interactive elements, and continuous monitoring for long-term impact assessment. This research contributes pivotal insights to addressing 21st-century challenges through targeted education and technological integration.
openalex: W4391781725
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COVID-19 and child education outcomes in southern Ghana - Okyere, Charles Yaw; Otchere, Frank; Darko, Joseph Kujo; Osei, Christian Kwaku (Heliyon, 2024)
openalex: W4391849304
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Effect of temperature, pretreatments, gibberellin (GA3), salt and drought stress on germination of Thymus satureioides coss of Morocco - OUBLID, Hanane; Hamza, Mohamed Aït; Boubaker, Hassan; Hamdaoui, Abdellah El; Yaagoubi, Mohamed El; Abbad, Imane; MOUTAOUAKIL, Mina EL; Msanda, Fouad (Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2024)
Thymus satureioides Cosson is an endemic medicinal and aromatic plant species of both Morocco and Algeria, holds significant cultural and economic importance. It is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases and also as a culinary spice herb. T. satureioides has become a key export for Morocco. However, increasing market demand and the effects of climate change have led to a decline in its wild populations, raising concerns about the scarcity of this valuable natural resource. To address these challenges, a comprehensive understanding of the environmental requirements for the germination of T. satureioides is essential for planning and prioritizing conservation efforts in its native habitats. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the combined effects of various pretreatments and temperature and of salinity, drought stress, and gibberellin on the germination parameters of T. satureioides. Seeds were collected from a wild plant population in the Anti-Atlas Mountains. The tests included five pretreatments (mechanical scarification, sulfuric acid (95%), dry heat, boiling water and hydrogen peroxide) in conjunction with five temperature conditions (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C). Additionally, six concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and a 200 mM), six water potential levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) (0, -0.07, -0.14, -0.22, -0.32 and - 0.53 MPa) and six concentrations of gibberellin (0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) were tested. Results showed that seeds can germinate without any treatment. However, seeds treated with dry heat followed by incubation at 20°C improved all the germination parameters. In addition, germination parameters progressively decreased and delayed with increasing levels of both salt and water stress. Without stress, the germination percentage was 100%, with increasing salt stress to 200 mM germination was completely inhibited. Although, seeds showed a low germination percentage (5,67%) at the highest osmotic potential (-0.53 MPa).
openalex: W4388567342
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Genetic diversity of glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from school-age children in Kinshasa, DRC - Paul, Kamaldeep; Simpson, Shirley V.; Nundu, Sabin S.; Arima, Hiroaki; Yamamoto, Taro (Parasitology International, 2024)
Malaria infections in school-aged children further make it difficult to control the disease's spread. Moreover, the genetic diversity of glutamate-rich protein, potentially a candidate for vaccine development, has not yet been investigated in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Therefore, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of the immunodominant C-terminal repetitive region (R2) of Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein gene (pfglurp) among school-age children living in Kinshasa, DRC. We conducted nested PCR targeting R2 of pfglurp and the amplicon were directly sequenced. We summarized the prevalence of mutations of bases and amino acids and indicated the amino acid repeat sequence in the R2 region by the unit code. We then statistically analyzed whether there was a relationship between the number of mutations in the pfglurp gene and attributes. In 221 samples, haplotype 1 was the most common (n = 137, 61.99%), with the same sequence as the 3D7 strain. Regarding the number of base mutations, it was higher in urban areas than rural areas (p = 0.0363). When genetic neutrality was tested using data from 171 samples of the single strain, Tajima's D was −1.857 (p = 0.0059). In addition, FST as the genetic distance between all attributes was very small and no significant difference was observed. This study clarified the genetic mutation status and relevant patient attributes among school-aged children in the DRC. We found that urban areas are more likely to harbour pfglurp mutations. Future research needs to clarify the reason and mechanism involved.
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Evaluating Study Approach of Dental Students in Palestine using a Study Process Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study - Rabi, Tarek; Arandi, Naji Ziad; Rabi, Hakam; Assaf, Mohammad (Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2024)
A BSTRACT Background: Learning approach strategies are an important factor to obtain knowledge in any professional course. Surface approach learning and deep approach learning are two main types of learning strategies. Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the study approach strategies of dental students in Palestine. Materials and Methods: The present study follows a cross-sectional study design, which includes 250 students from first year to fifth year at Al Quds University. The present study evaluated the study approach using a questionnaire called R-SPQ-2F that was filled by all the students using Google forms. The assessment scores from the curriculum assessment examination were also compared with the scores of the R-SPQ-2F questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze data. Results: The results of the ANOVA show that the students in the fifth years had significantly higher mean scores of deep learning approaches than other years ( P < 0.001). The students having curriculum assessment scores above 80% showed significantly more deep learning strategies than surface learning strategies ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Deep learning approach can provide better academic outcome. Newer teaching strategies that enhance the deep learning approach should be encouraged in the dental curriculum.
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Medical schools in Africa: seeing momentum - Rosenberg, J.; Juvonen, Miina; Ng, Melanie Gorman; Arinzeh, Nneka; Adanu, Theodosia; Ninsiima, Herbert Izo; Temesgen, Rodas; Ajuwon, Grace Ada; Abiodun-Asanre, Oluwaseun A; Pellegrom, Sara; Weintraub, Rebecca; Hailu, Tadiwos (BMJ global health, 2024)
openalex: W4392059752
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Microplastic pollution and risk assessment in surface water and sediments of the Zandvlei Catchment and estuary, Cape Town, South Africa - Samuels, William B.; Awe, Adetunji; Sparks, Conrad (Environmental Pollution, 2024)
Microplastic (MP) (plastic <5 mm) pollution in South Africa is widespread but few studies have been done in catchments and estuaries of the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance, characteristics and risks posed by microplastics in the Zandvlei Catchment and Estuary in Cape Town, South Africa. Water and sediment were sampled between 2019 and 2021, during wet and dry seasons, MPs extracted and identified using microscopy and fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analyses. MP abundances were 70.23 ± 7.36 (standard error) MPs/Kg dw in sediment and 2.62 ± 0.41 MP/L in water samples for the study period. Lower reaches of the catchment and upper reaches of the estuary can be considered sinks for MP contamination as these sites recorded higher MP abundances. MPs were mainly transparent fibres smaller than 0.5 mm. Polyethylene (46%) followed by polypropylene (16%) fibres were the most common polymers recorded. Pollution load indices in MPs were categorised as dangerous in both water and sediment. MP polymer risk indices ranged from moderate in catchment sediment to very high in catchment water. Pollution risk indices were categories as dangerous in water (catchment and sediment) and sediment estuary but low in catchment sediment. Ecological risk assessments hence indicated that polymers in water and sediment were mostly dangerous and poses a threat to the ecological health of both the catchment and estuary studied.
openalex: W4389042494
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Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Sudan-Sahel Region in West Africa – Insights from Burkina Faso - Sawadogo, Windmanagda; Neya, Tiga; Semde, Idrissa; Korahiré, Joël Awouhidia; Combasséré, Alain Combasséré Alain; Drissa, Traoré; Ouedraogo, Pamoussa; Diasso, Ulrich Jacques; Abiodun, Babatunde J.; Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald (Environmental Challenges, 2024)
The Sudan-Sahel region has long been vulnerable to environmental change. However, the intensification of global warming has led to unprecedented challenges that require a detailed understanding of climate change for this region. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change for Burkina Faso using ten climate indices that are highly relevant to Sudan-Sahelian societies. The full ensemble of statistically downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models (25 km) is used to determine the projected changes for the near (2031-2060) and far future (2071-2100) compared to the reference period (1985-2014) for different SSPs. Validation of the climate models against state-of-the-art reference data (CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) and ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5)) shows reasonable performance for the main climate variables with some biases. Under the SSP5-8.5, Burkina Faso is projected to experience a substantial temperature increase of more than 4.3°C by the end of the century. Rainfall amount is projected to increase by 30% under the SSP5-8.5, with the rainy season starting earlier and lasting longer. This could increase water availability for rainfed agriculture but is offset by a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. The country could be at increased risk of flooding and heavy rainfall in all SSPs and future periods. Due to the pronounced temperature increase, heat stress, and cooling degree days are expected to strongly increase under the SSP8.5 scenarios, especially in the western and northern parts. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5, the projected changes are much lower for the country. Thus, timely implementation of climate change mitigation measures can significantly reduce climate change impacts for this vulnerable region and strengthen population resilience for a sustainable future.
openalex: W4391648673
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Ostracoda and Foraminifera as bioindicators of (aquatic) pollution in the protected area of uMlalazi estuary, South Africa - Schmitz, O.; Mehlhorn, Paul; Finch, Jemma; Haberzettl, Torsten; Hahn, Annette; Hill, Trevor; Kretschmer, Kevin; Frenzel, Peter (Revue de Micropaléontologie, 2024)
To mitigate ecological and health risks, implementing a comprehensive multidisciplinary monitoring strategy is imperative. This approach aims to effectively identify and record potential declines in water quality and ecological conditions. Utilizing cost-effective and efficient monitoring tools is crucial, especially for developing nations. Despite the previously reported uMlalazi River's pristine status within a protected natural reserve at South Africa's eastern coast, our findings challenge the assumption of its cleanliness, emphasizing the need for ongoing proactive monitoring. Here we reassess the pollution levels and ecological status of aquatic life of the river, and use this to enhance the indicator value of microfauna in South Africa. We analysed 25 surface sediment samples from the uMlalazi estuary, covering a salinity range from oligohaline to euhaline, with a focus on marginal marine Ostracoda and Foraminifera as potential indicators. All samples contained Ostracoda and Foraminifera, with the exception of two. Among the identified ostracod species, there were 17 species belonging to 14 genera. Typical taxa are the brackish water species Perissocytheridea estuaria, Sulcostocythere knysnaenis, and Australoloxoconcha favornamentata. We identified 19 Foraminifera species from 16 genera, with dominant taxa such as Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp., and Miliolinella sp. Three distinct assemblages were observed: A) Ammonia sp. and Quinqueloculina sp., with very low diversity and abundances in general, located along the river course at stations exceeding Pollution Load Index (PLI), which indicates deterioration of sites quality; B) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp., and Sulcostocythere knysnaenis associated with higher salinity and lower PLI; C) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina agglutinans, and Cribroelphidium articulatum located in mudflats with minimal PLI. Our findings align with the commonly observed diversity trend, which indicates reduced species diversity corresponding to elevated pollution levels. Notably, the examined samples revealed a range of Foraminiferal Abnormality Index (FAI) up to 23%, exhibiting anomalies such as multiple tests, changes in coiling, and abnormal chamber shapes. Geochemical analysis indicates that the catchment is subjected to substantial anthropogenic pressure, as evidenced by elevated concentrations of heavy metals, sulphur, and microplastic. Sugarcane farming, urban sewage, titanium mining, and fish farming are the primary sources of pollution in the catchment area. Ongoing investigations in South African estuaries are expanding our dataset and will contribute to a better understanding of the species-specific responses of Ostracoda and Foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure. Pour atténuer les risques écologiques et sanitaires, la mise en œuvre d'une stratégie globale de surveillance multidisciplinaire est impérative. Cette approche vise à identifier et enregistrer efficacement les déclins potentiels de la qualité de l'eau et des conditions écologiques. L'utilisation d'outils de surveillance rentables et efficaces est cruciale, en particulier pour les pays en développement. Malgré le statut pur de la rivière uMlalazi au sein d'une réserve naturelle protégée le long de la côte est de l'Afrique du Sud, nos résultats remettent en question l'hypothèse de sa propreté, soulignant la nécessité d'une surveillance proactive continue. Ici, nous réévaluons les niveaux de pollution et l'état écologique de la vie aquatique de la rivière, et utilisons cela pour améliorer la valeur indicatrice de la microfaune en Afrique du Sud. Nous avons analysé 25 échantillons de sédiments de surface de l'estuaire d'uMlalazi, couvrant une gamme de salinité allant de l'oligohaline à l'euhaline, en mettant l'accent sur les foraminifères marins marginaux et les ostracodes comme indicateurs potentiels. Tous les échantillons contenaient des ostracodes et des foraminifères, à l'exception de deux. Parmi les espèces d'ostracodes identifiées, il y avait 17 espèces appartenant à 14 genres. Les taxons typiques sont les espèces d'eau saumâtre Perissocytheridea estuaria, Sulcostocythere knysnaenis et Australoloxoconcha favornamentata. Nous avons identifié 19 espèces de foraminifères appartenant à 16 genres, avec des taxons dominants tels que Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp. et Miliolinella sp. Trois assemblages distincts ont été observés: A) Ammonia sp. et Quinqueloculina sp., avec une diversité et des abondances en général très faibles, situées le long du cours de la rivière dans des stations dépassant l'indice de charge de pollution (PLI), ce qui indique une détérioration de la qualité des sites; B) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp. et Sulcostocythere knysnaenis associés à une salinité plus élevée et à un PLI inférieur; C) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina agglutinans et Cribroelphidium articulatum situés dans des vasières avec un PLI minimal. Nos résultats s'alignent sur la tendance de diversité couramment observée, qui indique une diversité réduite des espèces correspondant à des niveaux de pollution élevés. Notamment, les échantillons examinés ont révélé une gamme d'indice d'anomalie des foraminifères (FAI) allant jusqu'à 23%, présentant des anomalies telles que des tests multiples, des changements dans l'enroulement et des formes anormales de chambre. L'analyse géochimique indique que le bassin versant est soumis à une pression anthropique importante, comme en témoignent les concentrations élevées de métaux lourds, de soufre, de microplastique. La présente étude a identifié la culture de la canne à sucre, les eaux usées urbaines, l'exploitation minière du titane, la pisciculture et l'impact anthropique des colonies voisines comme les principales sources de pollution dans le bassin versant. Il est important de souligner que les organismes vivants servent d'indicateurs de l'environnement actuel, ce qui est précieux à des fins de surveillance. En revanche, les marqueurs géochimiques de pollution trouvés dans les sédiments de surface refléteront une période de temps nettement plus longue, même si la durée exacte reste incertaine. Les enquêtes en cours dans les estuaires sud-africains élargissent notre ensemble de données et contribueront à une meilleure compréhension des réponses spécifiques aux espèces d'ostracodes et de foraminifères à la pression anthropique.
openalex: W4391973163
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Drought risk attitudes in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Kenya - Schrieks, Teun; Botzen, Wouter; Haer, Toon; Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. (Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2024)
Pastoral and agro-pastoral communities are among the most vulnerable groups in the world for increased drought risk caused by climate change. Risk preferences play a key role in drought adaptation decisions, but little research has been done on risk preferences in (agro-)pastoral communities. This study therefore examines risk attitudes among Kenyan (agro-)pastoralists, which can inform the development of effective adaptation policies. A hypothetical multiple price list experiment, framed as farming decisions under drought-risk scenarios, is employed to measure utility curvature and probability weighting. Varying rainfall scenarios are presented to assess changes in risk-taking behaviour if climate change increases the probability of drought. We included three psychological factors and several socioeconomic variables in the analysis to understand variations in risk attitudes between individuals. The respondents are, on average, risk-averse and overweight high probabilities. An increased drought risk due to climate change is expected to amplify risk-averse behaviour. An internal locus of control and high drought-risk perceptions are associated with risk-averse behaviour, whereas receiving emergency drought support is associated with less risk-averse behaviour. Policies promoting anticipatory risk-reducing behaviour could emphasise the effectiveness of individual actions, increase awareness of the problem, and minimise reliance on emergency assistance.
openalex: W4389161983
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Prevalence and causes of ocular disorders and visual impairment among preterm children in Ethiopia - Sherief, Sadik Taju; Muhe, Lulu; Mekasha, Amha; Demtse, Asrat; Ali, Asim (BMJ Paediatrics Open, 2024)
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, causes of ocular disorders and visual impairment among preterm children previously admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and analysis A prospective screening survey was conducted from February to June 2019 at the paediatric eye clinic of Menelik II Hospital. Children who were preterm at birth and who attended the eye clinic were included in the study. Data on demographic and neonatal characteristics, neonatal and maternal comorbidities and ocular disorders were collected. OR and univariate analysis were used to identify predictors of ocular diseases and visual impairment. Results There were 222 children included in the study with a mean age at presentation of 2.62 years (range 2.08–6.38 years), mean gestational age 34.11 weeks (range 30–36) weeks and mean birth weight 1941.72 g (range 953–3500 g). Nearly two-thirds had ocular disorders with refractive error (51.8%), strabismus (11.3%) and a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (7.2%) being more common. One-fourth of the children had visual impairment, and the prevalence of amblyopia was 40.1%. Uncorrected refractive errors, strabismus and ROP were causes for visual impairment. Conclusion Visual impairment and amblyopia are common in Ethiopia. There is a need to develop a screening protocol for ocular disorders for preterm children to enhance early detection and prevention of childhood visual impairment.
openalex: W4391596884
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Temporal rainfall variability and drought characterization in Cheleka Watershed, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia - Shitu, Kasye; Hymiro, Adibar; Tesfaw, Mengesha; Abebe, T. Frew (Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 2024)
Cheleka Watershed, lower Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. The lower part of Awash River (Cheleka Watershed) with an area of 1744.48 km2 has limited rainfall temporal variability and drought incidence data. So, the study analyzed the temporal rainfall variability and drought incidence from five meteorological station starting from1988 up to 2017. Coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index, mean and standard deviation were computed to analysis the temporal variations of rainfall; frequency and severity of droughts were characterized through rainfall anomalies indexes (RAI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI). The study found that, mean annual rainfall with a range value of 908.90 mm - 1181.48 mm in Batie and Majetie station respectively. Kiremt rainfall total with the highest coefficient of variation (22.93–29.12%) next to Belg rainfall total (39.31–52.43%) and the lowest variations of annual rainfall total (15–22.59%). Frequency of drought in 12 month’s interval indicates severely dry droughts, most frequently next to moderately dry drought. The maximum frequency for severely dry (8.61%) and moderately dry (11.39%) drought were occurred in Kemisse station. The longest duration and the highest magnitude drought were occurred in Kombolcha station next to Kemisse. As recommendation, since, this study was focused only temporal rainfall variability and drought characteristic, it is better that, future research will be conducted to evaluate the spatial rainfall variability and hydrological drought severity nature and its impact on socio-economic and human well-beings in the area.
openalex: W4390717218
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Impact of climate change on agriculture and adaptation strategies in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis - Sinore, Tamrat; Wang, Fei (Heliyon, 2024)
Ethiopia is a rainfall-based agricultural country that is susceptible to the impacts of climate change and risk. Floods and droughts, which happen more frequently and intensely, significantly and negatively influence agricultural production. The objective of the meta-analysis is to identify impacts on various sectors, adaptation strategies, and the challenges of climate change in the Ethiopian context. Twenty-three peer-reviewed articles were identified from ScienceDirect and Web of Science, followed by PRISMA guidelines, and analyzed using Stata version 13. The results reveal that climate change negatively impacts agriculture (by changing crop suitability, phenology, and productivity), the environment, and society, resulting from shifting temperature and rainfall patterns. Temperature variations, patterns of precipitation, and severe weather conditions have profound implications for agricultural productivity, water resources, ecosystems, and human well-being, which are multifaceted and interlinked. In addition, the reviewed articles informed us that farmers have used different coping strategies in response to climate change, such as soil and water conservation, agroforestry practices, integrated soil fertility management, small-scale irrigation, the application of improved crop varieties, the use of improved livestock, mixed cropping, early and late planting, and the practice of income-generating activities. The random effects meta-regression result shows that effective implementation of the above-mentioned practices reduces the risk of climate change in different sectors. The assessment also points out many challenges to the realization of these approaches, such as the lack of financing, institutional support, insufficient stakeholder involvement, ecological and sociocultural factors, and limited access to weather information. The meta-analysis concludes that addressing challenges requires holistic and integrated approaches that encompass adaptation strategies, sustainable land and water management, and social resilience-building to help the resilience of Ethiopian communities and ecosystems in the face of a changing climate.
openalex: W4391787570
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Contribution of Industry Players in Transitioning Vocational Training Graduates to Employment in Turkana County, Kenya - Stephen, Eregea; Likoko, Sarah; Kipkenei, Simon (International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2024)
openalex: W4392391652
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Dynamics of mitigation measures in urbanizing Africa: Challenges and opportunities for future climate change - Sun, Jian; Weng, Lingfei (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024)
Africa stands at a critical crossroads, grappling with the complex interplay between global climate targets and urbanization dynamics. The rapid growth of urban populations coupled with unsustainable urban planning practices exacerbates inherent conflicts, impeding our collective efforts to mitigate carbon emissions. In this context, we systematically decompose the key demographic, economic, and technological drivers of emissions, evaluating their contributions and spatial variations within African city boundaries from 2000 to 2020. By integrating three shared socioeconomic pathways (i.e., SSP119, SSP245, SSP434) and two urbanization strategies (i.e., linear and urbanization-led), we aim to assess the disparities in carbon mitigation outcomes that correspond to varying urban development trajectories by the year 2060, all while adhering to the same climate targets. Our findings reveal that the pursuit of urbanization may result in a substantial reduction in carbon mitigation efforts, with potential reductions ranging from 34% to a staggering 95%. In the "Middle Road" scenario (SSP434), we posit that land productivity must witness an increase of 26%–46% to attain mitigation outcomes comparable to those achieved through a linear trajectory. This implies that the concurrent efforts to urbanize and mitigate carbon emissions may narrow disparities among cities, limiting diversity of existing mitigation measures. The proactive planning of sustainable urban clusters and the provision of localized subsidies for clean energy are imperative to fortify urban climate resilience.
openalex: W4392133454
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Zircon and cassiterite U-Pb geochronology and petrochemical characteristics of early Tertiary tin mineralization at Mayo Darlé, Cameroon Volcanic Line - Tantoh, Solange Bih; Lehmann, Bernd; Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Ngatcha, Ralain Bryan; Zhang, Rongqing; Cottle, John M.; Nwamba, Maurice Njiganga; Belyatsky, B. V.; Goldmann, Simon (Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2024)
Tin mineralization at Mayo-Darlé in the Cameroon Volcanic Line is associated with highly evolved anorogenic ferroan granite magmatism with a pervasive hydrothermal overprint. Mineralization occurs as cassiterite-quartz-muscovite stockwork and disseminated in quartz-mica and quartz-topaz greisen in low-Ca alkali feldspar granite with a composition near the 1 kbar haplogranitic thermal minimum. The trace element composition of zircon indicates elevated temperature (880 ± 55 °C) and very low oxidation state below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) identifies a partly disturbed U-Pb system for igneous zircon (U and Th contents >1000 ppm) but defines Tera-Wasserburg concordia ages and common-lead-corrected weighted 206Pb/238U ages of about 54 Ma, similar to a previous 87Rb/86Sr vs 87Sr/86Sr regression with a date of 56.1 ± 1.7 Ma (MSWD = 58; n = 9) and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7085 ± 0.0035 (2 s). Hydrothermal cassiterite gives a pooled LA-ICPMS Tera-Wasserburg concordia age of 56.7 ± 0.6 Ma on two samples (each about 20 points, MSWD = 0.54 and 1.3). These new age data define a period of early Cenozoic intraplate calc-alkalic felsic magmatism as a precursor to abundant Oligocene to Recent alkali basalt volcanism along the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data suggest that the granitic rocks from Mayo Darlé were largely derived by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic basement and modified by strong differentiation, all likely powered by heat (and possibly fluids) from the mantle. The Tertiary age of the rare-metal magmatism sets this system apart from the widespread Late Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic rare-metal pegmatites and granites in the Pan-African collisional belts of Africa, and also from the anorogenic Mesozoic ring complexes in Central Nigeria.
openalex: W4389264975
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Classroom practices in primary schools’ mathematics teaching supported by the Interactive Mathematics Software for Rwanda - Uwineza, Innocente; Uworwabayeho, Alphonse; Yokoyama, Kenya (International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 2024)
Over recent decades, the integration of technological resources in education increased growingly. However, studies about the assessment of information and communications technology integration in primary school mathematics activities remained few. This research intended to comparatively examine the aspects of classroom practices observed during the implementation of the Interactive Mathematics (IM) Software in primary schools in Rwanda. Designed as quasi-experimental, it involved the experimental groups from Primary-2, Primary-3, Primary-4, and Primary-5 and analyzed aspects of school statuses, the school years, and the educational cycles. Data collected using Likert-scale measurements from 63 classroom observations were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and a two-sample t-test analysis was conducted to determine if the significance of mean differences. The findings revealed no significant difference between lower and upper primary based on a p-value of 0.829368908 (p-value>.05) and between the 2019 and 2020 teaching periods (considering the same teacher) based on the p-value=0.324542 (p-value>.05). However, the findings revealed that private and public schools’ mean differences were significant based on the calculated p-value equal to 0.007144 (p-value<.01). The study made various recommendations towards using IM software to promote quality mathematics education in primary schools in Rwanda and pre-service teacher training to boost the initiation process of their technology-enhanced pedagogy knowledge to teach mathematics.
openalex: W4389696989
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An age-depth model for Lake Bosumtwi (Ghana) to reconstruct one million years of West African climate and environmental change - Vinnepand, Mathias; Zeeden, Christian; Wonik, Thomas; Gosling, William D.; Noren, Anders; Kück, Jochem; Pierdominici, Simona; Voigt, Silke; Abadi, Mehrdad Sardar; Ulfers, Arne; Danour, Sylvester; Afrifa, Kweku; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)
Situated within a 1.07 million-year-old meteorite crater, Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana stands as a pivotal location for comprehending climatic, ecological and environmental fluctuations within the sub-Saharan region of West Africa. The region's susceptibility to seasonal environmental shifts and climate oscillations is heightened by the annual movements of the tropical rain belt driven by atmospheric circulation. Yet, there is no satisfying age-depth model available for the entire sedimentary sequence strongly limiting our understanding of changes in this circulation pattern and associated (broad-scale) environmental responses during the last million years in the local to regional context of Lake Bosumtwi. To overcome this, we statistically examine the cyclicity in total natural gamma ray (NGR) data on a core from the lake's centre and create a cyclostratigraphic age-depth model. The calculated maximum age of 946 ka agrees well with the meteorite impact age (∼10 % offset). In order to refine this purely statistical approach, we also perform a correlative age-depth model using 33 tie points accounting for the complexity of climatic and environmental imprints to the NGR record that may exceed direct insolation related effects. Special attention is paid to the core's robustly dated (14C, OSL, U/Th) uppermost part covering the last 200 ka. Here, high NGR and co-varying K counts coincide with warm periods (except of the water-saturated and unconsolidated Holocene part) and the inverse for glacials and stadials. Based on this, we define tie points for correlating our NGR data to the age-depth model of a NE Atlantic SST record. Comparing our results to the correlation target, other global climate records and Sahara dust flux data reveals striking similarities and supports a proxy understanding with increased in wash of K-enriched terrigenous material from the crater rims in warm and moist periods (high NGR) and K-depleted dust input in stadials possibly contributing to low NGR values in addition to reduced input of K-enriched sediments from the crater rims. Our correlative age model results in precession amplitudes matching eccentricity well, providing further support especially because an over-tuning is unlikely with the used 33 tie points. Overall we provide crucial chronological context to numerous datasets along with environmental constrains that can be used to study the potential habitat availability of early anatomically modern humans in West Africa.
openalex: W4390392821
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A nonlinear African vulture optimization algorithm combining Henon chaotic mapping theory and reverse learning competition strategy - Wang, Baiyi; Zhang, Zipeng; Siarry, Patrick; Liu, Xinhua; Królczyk, Grzegorz; Hua, Dezheng; Brumerčík, František; Li, Zhixiong (Expert Systems with Applications, 2024)
As a new intelligent optimization algorithm, the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA) has been widely used in various fields today. However, when solving complex multimodal problems, the AVOA still has some shortcomings, such as low searching accuracy, deficiency on the search capability and tendency to fall into local optimum. In order to alleviate the main shortcomings of the AVOA, a nonlinear African vulture optimization algorithm combining Henon chaotic mapping theory and reverse learning competition strategy (HWEAVOA) is proposed. Firstly, the Henon chaotic mapping theory and elite population strategy are proposed to improve the randomness and diversity of the vulture's initial population; Furthermore, the nonlinear adaptive incremental inertial weight factor is introduced in the location update phase to rationally balance the exploration and exploitation abilities, and avoid individual falling into a local optimum; The reverse learning competition strategy is designed to expand the discovery fields for the optimal solution and strengthen the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution. HWEAVOA and other advanced comparison algorithms are used to solve classical and CEC2022 test functions. Compared with other algorithms, the convergence curves of the HWEAVOA drop faster and the line bodies are smoother. These experimental results show the proposed HWEAVOA is ranked first in all test functions, which is superior to the comparison algorithms in convergence speed, optimization ability, and solution stability. Meanwhile, HWEAVOA has reached the general level in the algorithm complexity, and its overall performance is competitive in the swarm intelligence algorithms.
openalex: W4386401373
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Sleep habits and sleep hygiene practices of South African primary school-aged children: an exploratory study - Wood, Tanya; Rampf, Nadine (Sleep Medicine, 2024)
openalex: W4391778424
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What Africa Teaches Us (2024)
Political scientists strive to be “real” scientists. This ambition to imitate the natural sciences, however, has its limitations. Politics has its own dynamic, one that is not really captured once and for all in a single theory. Instead, theories come and go. Comparativists cannot sit back and enjoy more than a moment of “normal science”. Their search for fresh knowledge is open-ended and as reliant on new theoretical insights as it is on already established theory. The temptation to formalize theory into a single construct, however, has increased with the availability of standardized meta data sets. It is in this context that countries that are structurally and culturally different from the mainstream Western model of politics lose their position as entities of interest for their own sake. This book reluctantly acknowledges this reality of the field and uses Africa as an example to highlight the limits of comparisons based on theories derived from the political experience of already developed and democratic societies. The premise that democracy is “the only game in town” is a case in point. It has made Comparative Politics turn almost exclusively into comparative democratization – at the expense of attention to how and why countries change. This final chapter is meant to highlight the many significant omissions that follow from relying primarily on a democratic theory lens. African politics, like that of other developing and democratizing regions, is much more varied and complex. Above all, the social forces that drive it are foremost local. The interesting issue, therefore, is not how well countries score on a global democracy scale but how existing structures accommodate the presence of democratic values and norms. Democracy is no longer the independent variable that best explains politics on a global scale. Today it is best approached as dependent variable.
openalex: W4390564677
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How the Learning Disabilities Cause Psychosocial Problems among children in South Sudan: A Case of Jamjang Refugee Camps - Achiek, Abraham Ngor; Selugo, James (2024)
The study on the learning disabilities and associated psychosocial problems among children in South Sudan started in 2022 to 2024. The deepening loneliness and vulnerability of the children with the learning disabilities that influence the psychosocial problems among children resulted from the conflict in Sudan, which scattered families, social fabric, community structures, and pushed the families to seek international protection. The families have limited access to livelihood and highly dependent on relief services that exacerbate the situation for nurturing children. The study aimed at ascertaining the presence of the learning disabilities, associated psychosocial problems and the ways to mitigate and address a growing phenomenon among refugee children in Jamjang camps. The study employed qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographical/anthropological method to explore the growing phenomenon. The tools used in the design includes questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The study ascertained the presence of the learning disabilities among children which consists of dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, auditory processing disorder, visual and perceptual disorder. These conditions were manifested in deficiency to write, spell, comprehend, articulate written point, grammatical errors, arithmetic calculation, and inattention. The study confirmed how the learning disabilities cause the psychosocial problems which includes low self-esteem, lack of confidence, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, bully, stigma, and neglect. The finding confirmed the phenomenon can be addressed through mental health support, multisensory approaches, and Skinner’s Operant conditioning theory; Cognitive Behavioral theory of Bandura are crucial in reducing the adverse effects of the phenomenon. Keywords: Anxiety, Dyslexia, Depression, Dysgraphia, Learning Disabilities, Psychosocial.
openalex: W4391401009
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Teaching Programming Experience at Primary and Secondary School students in the Namibian context: A SWOT Analysis - Adolfo, Diaz-Sardinas; Rafael, Rodríguez-Puente (Journal of African education, 2024)
openalex: W4391402143
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Effect of Socio-Cultural Factors on Women’s Participation in Leadership of Higher Education in Rwanda: A Case of Rwanda Polytechnics - Agirumubyara, Flavia; Ngabonziza, Jean de Dieu Amini (African journal of empirical research, 2024)
This study explored the effects of social cultural factors on women’s participation level in leadership positions. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Data was collected using questionnaires. A sample of a total of 72 respondents was used in this study. These included 72 female teachers of 5 IPRCs in Rwanda. The data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS. The findings showed that socio-cultural factors were affecting women in IPRCs and resulting in their underrepresentation in leadership positions in Polytechnic Institutions in Rwanda (r=0.661). In addition, this meant that the relationship between socio-cultural factors of women and their participation in Polytechnic Institutions in Rwanda was strong. The R- squared of 0.550 implied that a unit change in socio-cultural factors predicts 0.767 changes in the participation of women in Polytechnic Institutions in Rwanda. The F-value of 36.241 and the corresponding p-value (p = 0.001) which is less than 0.05 implied that socio-cultural factors affects the representation of women teaching in Polytechnic Institutions in Rwanda. The study concluded that family responsibilities regulated by socio-cultural norms, women involvement, various cultural aspects and religion have an influence on their participation in leadership. The study strongly recommended that all appropriate stakeholders should make a concerted effort to ensure that the different institutions of society (families, schools, universities, communities and the government) respect Rwandan women’s rights. This request to meet their needs and requirements by means of laws, rules policies, economic empowerment, up-skilling, procedures, standards, daily practices and national forums on gender inequality. It also requires identifying and developing strategies for dealing with the existing gender issues and concerns in higher educational institutions in order to increase women’s participation in leadership positions.
openalex: W4391405139
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Review of: "Implications of Large Class Size on Effective Teaching and Learning in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: Lecturers’ Perception" - Alemu, Mekbib (2024)
openalex: W4391392757
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