A study on inclusion of leprosy in the curricula of pre-service health training institutions in Uganda - Kawuma, H. J. S.; Nabukenya-Mudiope, Mary G. (Leprosy Review, 2011)
Objective: To establish the categories of pre-service health training institutions in Uganda that still maintain leprosy in their curricula and how leprosy training is organised. Materials and methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to the heads of 42 health training institutions including universities, paramedical and nurses’ training schools. Results: Leprosy was included in the curricula of 33 (78%) of the institutions studied but only 50% of them had organised leprosy training in the 2 years prior to the study. In 48% of cases the training was implemented by in-house trainers; the rest depended on external trainers and staff of a leprosy training centre. Course evaluation using a variety of methods was practiced by 80% of the institutions. Conclusions: Inclusion of leprosy in the curricula of pre-service health training institutions was not always followed by actual training. It is possible and acceptable to organise leprosy training within the confines of the institutions provided arrangements are made to include interaction with patients. Local leprosy control supervisors and dermatologists can be engaged to support pre-service training. In order to derive optimal benefit from this opportunity, the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme should develop a national plan for leprosy training, organise training of trainers and assure access to appropriate teaching and learning materials. There is a need for more comprehensive evaluation of the ongoing leprosy training in pre-service institutions.
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Motivation of volunteers at disability sports events: A comparative study of volunteers in Malaysia, South Africa and the United States - Khoo, Selina; Surujlal, J.; Engelhorn, Rich (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
Understanding the motivation of individuals who volunteer for disability sport events is important for the continued success of these activities. Very few cross-cultural comparisons have been done to assess the motivations of volunteers at similar events. This study explored the key factors that motivate volunteers to provide humanitarian services at disability sport events in Malaysia, South Africa, and the United States. Participants in the study were volunteers at the 13 th Malaysian Paralympiad (n= 301), the first USA National Special Olympics (n= 289) and three Special Olympics events in South Africa (n=152). They were randomly contacted via direct mail or through direct distribution of surveys at the orientation sessions. Self-addressed, stamped envelopes were given to each participant to facilitate return of the mailed surveys. A modified version of the Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale (SEVMS) was used to determine the motivation of the volunteers. Frequencies, means and standard deviation were used to report on the demographic data. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between the groups. Differences were deemed statistically significant at p<0.05. The results indicated that volunteers were generally motivated by altruistic motives. However, while the main reason for volunteering in South Africa and the USA was to make a contribution to the community and help make the event a success, the Malaysian volunteers were motivated by self-improvement and gaining experience. Event managers can thus use a matching strategy where volunteers‟ tasks could be matched with their motives in order to recruit and retain them.
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View point: Episodes of mass hysteria in African schools: a study of literature. - Kokota, Demobly (PubMed, 2011)
Mass hysteria is the common term used to describe a situation in which various people all suffer from similar unexplained symptoms1. Hysterical contagion consists of a quick dissemination within a collection of people of a symptom, or a set of symptoms for which no physical explanation can be found2. Mass hysteria typically begins when an individual becomes ill or hysterical during a period of stress. After this initial individual shows symptoms, others begin to manifest similar symptoms3. Symptoms recorded during outbreaks of mass hysteria include abdominal pains, chest tightness, dizziness, fainting, headaches, hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting, palpitations; anxiety, conversion disorder and screaming. Mass hysteria is a social phenomenon often occurring among otherwise healthy people who suddenly believe they have been made ill by some external factor. It spreads by sight and or sound and occurs most often among adolescents or preadolescents4. In groups of students, its incidence is reportedly higher among girls than boys. Symptoms often follow an environmental trigger or illness in an index case and spread rapidly by audiovisual cues, often aggravated by a prominent emergency or media response5. Symptoms frequently resolve after patients are separated from each other, removed from the environment in which the outbreak began and after being convinced that the illness is over or never existed. Literature suggests that mass hysteria episodes have frequently occurred in Africa. This paper provides a literature review of documented episodes of mass hysteria in African schools.
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Pre-service teachers’ attempts at debating contemporary issues in science education: A case study from Botswana - Koosimile, Anthony Tsatsing; Suping, Shanah Mompoloki (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
This paper constitutes an attempt to explore trends, issues and challenges that emerge when three different cohorts of pre-service teachers debate contemporary issues in science education at the University of Botswana. Apart from the author's experience of teaching the course, the impetus for this study also comes from a growing interest in the contemporary literature in the need for teachers who, in the context of globalization and knowledge economy, are ‘self-reforming’ through continually addressing the key issues of their profession. Unfortunately, the current situation is such that this burden of interrogation falls heaviest on teachers, despite their lack of skills in undertaking the task. The study suggests that pre-service teachers were generally reluctant to debate issues outside the realms of their experiences; instead, they made ‘parallel contributions’ that generally lacked critical reflection and thorough analysis. This makes it a challenge to assess whether the pre-service teachers have developed the requisite conceptual clarity and skills for handling contemporary issues. However, further research needs to focus on their learning strategies to help to unravel the mystique behind these ‘parallel contributions’ – this may help us to understand the strategies adopted by pre-service teachers, and also what they make of our instructional methods.
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Effectiveness of teacher advisory centre tutors in curriculum implementation in public secondary schools: Case of Chepalungu District, Kenya - Kosgey, Milgo Joyce Chelangat (Educational Research Review, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Teacher Advisory Center (TAC) tutors in curriculum implementation of secondary schools in Chepalungu District. The study aimed at determining ways in which TAC tutors, participate in implementation of secondary school curriculum and to establish whether teachers in secondary schools make use of TAC centers. The study adopted a descriptive design. The study targeted all the 24 public secondary schools in the district. A sample size of 7 schools was randomly selected for the study. All the seven TAC tutors in the district were purposely selected and each one of them represents a zone. This study found out that TAC tutors were not quite effective in implementation of secondary school curriculum. The recommendation in this study include the need to recruit highly qualified TAC tutors to handle secondary school curriculum and the need to equip the centers with enough resources and facilities to handle secondary school curriculum.
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Potential of Nassarius nitidus for monitoring organotin pollution in the lagoon of Bizerta (northern Tunisia) - Lahbib, Youssef; Abidli, Sami; González, Pablo Rodríguez; Alonso, J. Ignacio García; Menif, Najoua Trigui El (Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011)
Imposex and butyltin burden were assessed in Nassarius nitidus, Bolinus brandaris and Hexaplex trunculus collected at five stations in the Bizerta lagoon. Biological analysis showed that imposex followed type (a) in N. nitidus (distal evolution), against type (d) in the two muricids (proximal evolution). Imposex indices were higher in sites located nearby sources of tributyltin and N. nitidus was the least affected species of the five sites, followed by B. brandaris and H. trunculus. Butyltin analysis showed lower accumulation in N. nitidus followed by H. trunculus and B. brandaris. This study has allowed the gathering of data on imposex in a snail studied for the first time in Tunisia (N. nitidus). It suggests the possibility of using such snail as a complementary species for organotin monitoring programs in the Mediterranean and further confirmed that H. trunculus is the most suitable species for such investigations.
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Decomposing pollution? Corpses, burials, and affliction among the Meru of central Kenya - Lamont, Mark (2011)
Across Africa, funerals and events remembering the dead have become larger and even more numerous over the years. Whereas in the West death is normally a private and family affair, in Africa funerals are often the central life cycle event, unparalleled in cost and importance, for which families harness vast amounts of resources to host lavish events for multitudes of people with ramifications well beyond the event. Though officials may try to regulate them, the popularity of these events often makes such efforts fruitless, and the elites themselves spend tremendously on funerals. This volume brings together scholars who have conducted research on funerary events across sub-Saharan Africa. The contributions offer an in-depth understanding of the broad changes and underlying causes in African societies over the years, such as changes in religious beliefs, social structure, urbanization, and technological changes and health.
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Teaching Emergency and Essential Surgical Care in Sierra Leone: A Model for Low Income Countries - Leow, Jeffrey J.; Groen, Reinou S.; Kamara, Thaim B.; Dumbuya, Sheiku S.; Kingham, T. Peter; Daoh, Kisito S.; Kushner, Adam L. (Journal of Surgical Education, 2011)
Surgeons OverSeas (SOS), a New York-based organization with a mission to save lives in developing countries, conducted a surgical needs assessment in Sierra Leone in 2008 which identified a large gap in surgical knowledge. We hypothesized that knowledge transfer could be improved by conducting workshops with significant local faculty participation. Description of emergency and essential surgical care workshops (EESC) workshops and follow-up. Freetown and Bo, Sierra Leone. International and local health providers in Sierra Leone. SOS organized EESC workshops in collaboration with significant local surgeons' support. Data on subsequent workshops were recorded. Fifteen instructors were identified and assisted with teaching. Nine of the instructors were specialists from Sierra Leone. Each workshop lasted 3 days. Feedback was gathered after these workshops Subsequent to the SOS workshops, 8 other workshops were undertaken by local surgeons in Sierra Leone, 5 of which were organized and taught solely by local surgeons working for the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation. Three other workshops were organized with external support. EESC workshops organized with significant local input are useful for knowledge transfer and empower local surgeons to conduct subsequent workshops on their own.
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Voices from the ranks of the South African teachers union on discipline - Lessing, Ansie; Witt, MW de (Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 2011)
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A Cross-Sectional Exploration of the Relationship between Undergraduate Nursing Student Wellness and Academic Outcomes at a South African Higher Education Institution - Lingen, Johanna M Van; Douman, D.L. van; Wannenburg, I (South African Journal of Psychology, 2011)
As a first step towards a more holistic approach to the development of undergraduate nursing science students at a South African Higher Education Institution, student wellness levels and their relationship to academic performance were explored. An exploratory, quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used to obtain convenience samples of students across academic year levels. Wellness assessment data were collected using a newly developed South African Wellness Questionnaire for Higher Education. Group differences in wellness mean scores as well as the relationship between wellness profiles and academic performance categories were explored using descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques. A clear pattern of highest and lowest wellness dimension scores was found. The wellness profile of students assessed revealed physical and environmental wellness as the weaker areas, while group strengths pertained to social, emotional and spiritual wellness. Although no direct relationship between wellness profiles and academic performance was found, there were tentative indicators that students with higher levels of wellness performed better academically than those with medium wellness levels.
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Students Compose Narratives froml a Wordless Picturebook: The Red Book Travels to Ghana, China, and Back to the United States - Liu, Xiaoming; Akrofi, Amma; Janisch, Carole; Napoli, Mary (Childhood Education, 2011)
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South African female headteachers: gender and motherhood in relation to leading schools - Lumby, Jacky; Azaola, Marta Cristina (2011)
The Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration and Management (CCEAM), supported by the Commonwealth Foundation, the Matthew Goniwe School of Leadership and Governance, and the University of Southampton, have established a long-term plan to map women’s representation in CCEAM affiliate members’ countries, to record their experience and to use the data to make recommendations on how women can be further supported and empowered to lead schools. This paper reports on the pilot project to establish in two provinces of South Africa, in relation to women head teachers’ experience, the gender factors and other related factors (such as language, culture, religion or ethnicity) which impact on being appointed to a principal and on enacting the role. The paper draws on interviews with 54 female head teachers in the Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa. Since a mothering style of leadership was self-reported by over half of the participants in our study (29 in total), this paper aims to explore the diverse ways in which motherhood was constructed and the outcomes of these constructions on women’s approach to leadership. Drawing on concepts such as gender (West & Zimmerman, 1987); (Corsun & Corsten, 2001) and mothering (Nakano, 1994), the paper focuses on how women position themselves as mothers at the workplace and how this shapes their relationship with students, parents and other members of staff. It concludes by suggesting that in the ongoing struggle to achieve greater equality for women school leaders, homogenising western interpretations of doing and undoing gender are inappropriate
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Inclusive educational practices in Kenya: Evidencing practice of itinerant teachers who work with children with visual impairment in local mainstream schools - Lynch, Paul; McCall, Steve; Douglas, Graeme; McLinden, Mike; Mogesa, Bernard; Mwaura, Martha; Muga, John; Njoroge, Michael (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
This article presents a findings from an investigation of the work of 38 specialist itinerant teachers (ITs) supporting the educational inclusion of children with visual impairment in Kenya. The research was designed around a participatory action research framework involving in-country researchers and participants (teachers) working in collaboration with researchers in the United Kingdom. Following an introductory training workshop, participants kept research journals over a 2-month period in which they recorded details of their itinerant duties (including the processes and content of their visits). Findings provide information about local practices of ITs support for children with visual impairment in mainstream schools and raise broader questions about the barriers to learning and development facing children with disabilities in mainstream schools in Kenya and other developing countries.
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HIV protective strategies among college students in Durban, South Africa - Maharaj, Pranitha; Cleland, John G.F. (SAHARA-J, 2011)
There is growing concern about the high level of HIV infection among young people in South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the HIV protective strategies used by college students with specific emphasis on variations by race group. The data for the study come from a self-administrated survey that was conducted with 3 000 college students in Durban in order to understand the strategies they use to protect themselves against the risk of HIV infection. Overall, students perceived a far greater risk of pregnancy than HIV infection. The results show that abstinence is the most common protective factor among Indian and White students. Among African students, there is great concern about HIV but abstinence is less common. Among sexually active men and women, the majority report having more than one sexual partner (with the exception of Indian females). Female students among all groups were more likely than male students to report that they were faithful to their partners. In Africans the contrast is stark: 25% for women versus 6% for men. Condoms are the most commonly used method by students but are not used in every sexual encounter. Consistent condom use was highest among Indian males (46%) and lowest among White females (13.7%). More effort needs to be directed at promoting correct and consistent condom use in order to avoid the negative consequences associated with unprotected sexual intercourse including unwanted pregnancy and HIV/AIDS.
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HIV protective strategies among college students in Durban, South Africa : original article - Maharaj, Pranitha; Cleland, John G.F. (SAHARA : Journal of Social Aspects of HIV / AIDS Research Alliance, 2011)
There is growing concern about the high level of HIV infection among young people in South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the HIV protective strategies used by college students with specific emphasis on variations by race group. The data for the study come from a self-administrated survey that was conducted with 3 000 college students in Durban in order to understand the strategies they use to protect themselves against the risk of HIV infection. Overall, students perceived a far greater risk of pregnancy than HIV infection. The results show that abstinence is the most common protective factor among Indian and White students. Among African students, there is great concern about HIV but abstinence is less common. Among sexually active men and women, the majority report having more than one sexual partner (with the exception of Indian females). Female students among all groups were more likely than male students to report that they were faithful to their partners. In Africans the contrast is stark: 25% for women versus 6% for men. Condoms are the most commonly used method by students but are not used in every sexual encounter. Consistent condom use was highest among Indian males (46%) and lowest among White females (13.7%). More effort needs to be directed at promoting correct and consistent condom use in order to avoid the negative consequences associated with unprotected sexual intercourse including unwanted pregnancy and HIV / AIDS. On observe des preoccupations croissantes quant au fort taux d'infection par le VIH chez les jeunes en Afrique du Sud. L'objectif de cette etude est d'etudier les strategies de protection contre le VIH utilisees par les etudiants en hautes ecoles en s'interessant tout particulierement aux variations entre les differents groupes raciaux. Les donnees utilisees dans cette etude sont issues d'un questionnaire auto-administre distribue a 3 000 etudiants en haute ecole a Durban, en vue de comprendre les strategies utilisees par ces derniers pour se proteger du risque d'une infection par le VIH. Globalement, les etudiants percevaient le risque de grossesse comme etant nettement superieur au risque d'une infection par le VIH. Les resultats indiquent que l'abstinence constitue le facteur de protection le plus commun chez les etudiants indiens et blancs. Chez les etudiants africains, le VIH constitue un sujet particulierement preoccupant, mais l'abstinence est moins courante. Chez les hommes et femmes sexuellement actifs, la majorite d'entre eux indiquent avoir plus d'un partenaire sexuel (a l'exception des femmes indiennes). Tous groupes confondus, les etudiantes etaient plus susceptibles d'affirmer etre fideles a leur partenaire que les etudiants. Chez les Africains, le contraste est fort: 25% pour les femmes contre 6% pour les hommes. Les preservatifs constituent la methode utilisee la plus couramment par les etudiants, mais ne sont pas utilises a chaque rapport sexuel. L'utilisation reguliere du preservatif etait la plus elevee chez les hommes indiens (46%) et la moins elevee chez les femmes blanches (13.7%). Davantage d'efforts doivent etre consacres a la promotion d'un usage correct et regulier du preservatif afin d'eviter les consequences negatives associees aux rapports sexuels non proteges, y compris les grossesses non desirees et le VIH/Sida.
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Key Motivations for Bank Loyalty Among University Students in Ghana - Mahmoud, Mohammed Abdulai; Tweneboah–Koduah, Ernest Yaw; Danku, Cynthia Esinu (Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 2011)
The purpose of this study is to rate the extent of influence of certain key factors on university students’ bank loyalty. The survey method was employed. Based on a purposive sampling a total of 558 final year students at the University of Ghana Business School (UGBS), Legon, Accra, Ghana responded to the study. A questionnaire consisting of closed ended questions was the main instrument used for data collection. Students were to rate a range of 22 factors indicating which of them mostly influenced their loyalty to their various banks. The findings reveal that accessibility, proximity, local and regional networks and reputation were found to be the top most reasons for bank loyalty among the students. Some key implications as well as recommendations and future research directions have been suggested.
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Learners’ Views on the Effects of Disciplinary Measures in South African Schools - Maphosa, Cosmas; Mammen, Kuttickattu John (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
This paper is a part of a larger study on learner indiscipline in South African schools. The study was a descriptive survey and made use of a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The paper is based on learners’ views on the effects of disciplinary measures used by teachers in South African schools. The sample consisted of 280 learners who were selected through stratified random sampling from 15 independent schools in Mthatha district in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data whilst phenomenological interviews were used to collect additional qualitative data. SPSS statistical package was used to analyze the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis and emerging key issues led to themes that guided analysis. The paper documents learners’ reports on the different kinds and forms of punishment currently used in schools. In general, the conclusions from the learners’ views were that the different disciplinary measures used to deal with indiscipline seemingly failed, inter alia, to: help the offenders to understand disciplinary problems; teach responsible behaviour, behaviour accountability, respect for the rights and feelings of others or conflict resolution; avoid resentment of educators; deter offenders. The study also found that the learners view that the disciplinary measures which are currently used in schools largely led to negative rather than positive effects. The study recommends the use of supportive, proactive and cooperative disciplinary measures to deal with learner indiscipline. Such measures ensure positive and long-lasting effects necessary for the development of self discipline and responsible behavior amongst learners.
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Responding to the Ideals of Lassallian Education in the 21st Century: A Case Study of St. Paul's Secondary School in Marsabit, Kenya - Marius, Boya François; Teklemariam, Amanuel Abraha; Akala, Winston (Journal of education & Christian belief, 2011)
DE LA SALLE BROTHERS are Christian educators operating in more than 80 countries, including Kenya. The purpose of this study was to find if the ideals of Lasallian education are being realized in the 21st century in Kenya and to establish whether the findings concur with the Lasallian philosophy of education. The study was conducted at St. Paul's Secondary School in Marsabit using qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The findings showed that in line with the Lasallian philosophy, the Brothers were running the school to reach the poor, teaching Christian values, and carrying out educational and pastoral care activities; furthermore, their students were high academic performers and well disciplined. However, the school admits only adherents to the Catholic faith and depends mainly on foreign donations for its operations, in regards to which some recommendations for improvement are made.
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Increased structure and active learning: Can we bridge the achievement gap in South African science? - Measey, John (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011)
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Increased structure and active learning : can we bridge the achievement gap in South African science? : news and views - Measey, John (South African Journal of Science, 2011)
Haak and colleagues detail a huge paradigm shift in the way that science can be taught in order to bridge the achievement gap in the teaching of science to USA undergraduates by discarding the traditional professorial lecturing approach that so many of us grew up with, and replacing it with active learning. Their result: an overall increase in the achievement of all students, and especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Not only did they achieve what many of us have struggled to implement over the years, but they did it in a way that is more cost-effective than the traditional supplementary instruction and mentoring models.
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Education collaboration to promote school participation in northern Ghana: A case study of a complementary education program - Mfum‐Mensah, Obed (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
This study explores the perceived benefits and challenges of the collaboration model of a complementary education program which operates in marginalized communities in northern Ghana. The scope of the paper includes the background, collaboration as a transformative process, research methodology, findings, and discussion. The study revealed that: (a) the collaborative partners’ “shared values” were a major drive of the collaboration; (b) the collaboration model was fluid, contextual, and an unstructured process; (c) the process provided new strategies promoting school participation in northern Ghana; and (d) the collaborative partners’ idiosyncrasies posed a major challenge to the collaboration.
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Including Deaf Children in Primary Schools in Bushenyi, Uganda: a community-based initiative - Miles, Susie; Wapling, Lorraine; Beart, Julia (Third World Quarterly, 2011)
Abstract Bushenyi District Education Department in Uganda, east Africa, is supporting 123 deaf children registered in 14 units attached to primary schools—eight per cent of deaf children in Bushenyi. Yet fewer than two per cent of deaf children attend school in Uganda as a whole. The history of this ground-breaking, parent-led, yet government-funded, community-based initiative is explored in the light of global efforts to promote Education for All. It is argued that government commitment to teacher education, parent involvement and Sign Language development has led to more positive attitudes towards deaf children and their right to attend school in their communities. Furthermore, community involvement is essential in achieving quality education for all for deaf and disabled children, and attempts to implement Northern policies and practices on inclusive education are likely to fail. The imaginative use of community-based human resources can lead to more genuine forms of educational inclusion. Notes 1 unesco, World Declaration on Education for All, Paris: unesco, 1990. 2 United Nations, United Nations Millennium Declaration, A/RES/55/2, New York, 2000, at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Indicators/About.htm#Declaration, accessed 13 November 2010. 3 unesco, efa Global Monitoring Report: Reaching the Marginalised, Paris: unesco, 2010. 4 Ibid. 5 unesco, efa Global Monitoring Report: Strong Foundations—Early Childhood Care and Education, Paris: unesco, 2007. 6 S Peters, Education Notes—Education for All: Including Children with Disabilities, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003. 7 P Lei, ‘Making the grade? A review of donor commitment and action on inclusive education for disabled children’, International Journal of Inclusive Education, in press. 8 E Karangwa & M Kobusingye, Consultation Report on Education of the Deaf in Rwanda, Kigali: Kigali Institute of Education and Ministry of Education, 2007. 9 K Kristensen, M Omagar-Loican, N Onen & D Okot, ‘Opportunities for inclusion? The education of learners with special educational needs and disabilities in special schools in Uganda’, British Journal of Special Education, 33(3), 2006, pp 139–147. 10 I Lewis, ‘Report to norad on desk review of inclusive education policies and plans’, Enabling Education Network (eenet), Manchester, 2008. 11 E Karangwa, S Miles & I Lewis, ‘Community level responses to disability and education in Rwanda’, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 57(3), 2010, pp 267–278. 12 E Karangwa, P Ghesquière & P Devlieger, ‘The grassroots community in the vanguard of inclusion: the Rwandan perspective’, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 11(5–6), 2007, pp 607–626. 13 S Okwaput, 2001, ‘A conducive environment for inclusive education: some experiences from north-eastern Uganda’, African Journal of Special Needs Education, 6(2), pp 95–98. 14 L Wapling, ‘Evaluation of the Bushenyi District Inclusive Education Programme’, Deaf Child Worldwide, London, 2009. 15 A Ndeezi, ‘Universal primary education in Uganda’, Enabling Education, 4, March 2000, p 7, at http://www.eenet.org.uk/resources/eenet_newsletter/news4/page7.php, accessed 8 November 2010. 16 Uganda Society for Disabled Children, Report of a Baseline Survey on Disability in Uganda, 2005–6, Kampala: Uganda Society for Disabled Children, 2006. 17 Deaf Child Worldwide, East Africa Strategy Paper, January 2010, London: Deaf Child Worldwide, 2010. 18 Voluntary Services Overseas Uganda, ‘Needs assessment’, Kampala, 2002. 19 A Howes, ‘Learning in the contact zone: revisiting neglected aspects of development through an analysis of volunteer placements in Indonesia’, Compare, 38(1), 2008, pp 23–38. 20 K Wilson, S Miles, & I Kaplan, Family Friendly, London: Deaf Child Worldwide, 2008, at http://www.deafchildworldwide.info/learning_from_experience/resource_library/family_friendly.html, accessed 8 November 2010. 21 J Peckett, Uganda Trip Report, January 2010, London: Deaf Child Worldwide, 2010. 22 Wapling, ‘Evaluation of the Bushenyi District Inclusive Education Programme’. 23 CJ Johnstone & DW Chapman, ‘Contributions and constraints to the implementation of inclusive education in Lesotho’, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 56(2), 2009, pp 131–148. 24 eenet, Researching Our Experience: A Collection of Writings by Zambian Teachers, Mpika, Zambia, Manchester: eenet, 2003, at http://www.eenet.org.uk/resources/docs/rsrching_experience.pdf, accessed 25 February 2011. 25 S Miles, ‘Engaging with teachers' knowledge: promoting inclusion in Zambia’, Disability and Society, 24(5), 2009, pp 611–624. 26 Wapling, ‘Evaluation of the Bushenyi District Inclusive Education Programme’, p 30. 27 Miles, ‘Engaging with teachers’ knowledge’. 28 L Wapling, ‘Research into inclusive education in Ethiopia: an internal report’, Handicap International, France, 2010. Additional informationNotes on contributorsLorraine Wapling Lorraine Wappling is a freelance development consultant. Email: consultant@wapling.me.uk Julia Beart Julia Beart works for Basic Needs. Email: juliapeckett@hotmail.com.
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Global influences in educational policymaking: Free Secondary Education in Kenya - Milligan, Lizzi O. (Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 2011)
The global discourse of human capital theory has long dominated educational development commitments. There is a huge body of literature which critiques how this discourse and associated global trends and targets have created a standardised blueprint for how education in low income countries should be carried out. While most attention has been given to the primary sector, this article shifts the focus to post-compulsory secondary education. The study investigates how quality is conceptualised in Kenyan secondary education policy documents, and critically examines the influence of the global discourse of educational development on these conceptualisations. Situated within a postcolonial framework and using thematic discourse analysis, findings suggest that neo-imperial power relations continue to exert significant influence in the formulation of the Kenyan secondary education policy. Conclusions point to the need for more local participation in the policymaking process if qualitative improvements are to be successful in promoting sustainable development.
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Health risk behaviours among secondary school students in Botswana : : physical activity and health - Mokgwathi, Martin M. (2011)
Studies exploring the health risk behaviours of youth are key to understanding the challenges faced by young people today. This understanding will help to facilitate an understanding of these challenges and create interventions that will help enhance the ability of adolescents to resist risky behaviours. This study is a preliminary investigative survey which sought to establish some of the behaviours that expose adolescents to risk and might lead to injury or premature death. The participants in this study were students of four secondary schools in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. A total of 400 students who joined the study on voluntary basis were surveyed. Health risk behaviours were assessed by employing a modified version of the Youth Health Risk behaviour Questionnaire (YBRS, 2010). The results of the study show that adolescents in Botswana face similar health compromising behaviours as other adolescent's world wide. There is a need therefore to implement intervention strategies in order to reverse this trend.
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From training and visits to advice for family farms in Benin: Break or continuity? - Moumouni, Ismaïl; Nouatin, Guy Sourou; Baco, Mohamed Nasser (Cahiers Agricultures, 2011)
The advice to family farms is increasingly considered as a promising alternative in West Africa where the Training and Visits System has been the cornerstone of the extension systems since the 1980s. This paper presents a comparative analysis between the Training and Visits and the advice for family farms based on the Benin experience. With regard to its principles and approach, advice for family farms has many similarities with the Training and Visits which is widely accepted as a directing system. Future criticisms against the advice for family farm enterprises in developing countries may be similar to those of the Training and Visits.
openalex: W1791091164 mag: 1791091164
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Embracing teen sexuality: Teenagers’ assessment of sexuality education in Uganda - Muhanguzi, Florence Kyoheirwe; Ninsiima, Anna B. (Agenda, 2011)
abstract Scholars in the related literature show that sexuality education contributes to positive sexual outcomes among teenagers, including reduction in risky sexual behaviour, construction of positive images of responsible behaviour, and reduced rates of sexual abuse and unplanned teenage pregnancies. Other benefits include increased contraceptive use and greater confidence in negotiating sexual encounters and self-esteem. In Uganda there is evidence that teenagers are increasingly engaging in risky sexual behaviours, as shown by high rates of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS among this age group and high rate of unplanned teenage pregnancies, an indicator of limited sexual knowledge about their developing sexuality. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with teenagers, teachers and parents, the article examines the extent to which sexuality knowledge drawn from home and school address teenagers’ lived sexual experiences. It is evident that the education offered is inadequate, largely prescriptive and feminised, generally divorced from teenagers’ personal experiences, and sometimes even contradictory. The article illuminates the need for a rigorous re-examination of the current sexuality learning resources and advocates an empowerment approach that integrates considerations of gender dynamics throughout the teaching of sexuality matters to address both boys’ and girls’ sexual needs.
openalex: W1521801862 mag: 1521801862
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Participatory variety selection of drought tolerant dry bean genotypes in Mwea, Kirinyaga south district of Kenya - Munyasa, J. Aufa; Nderitu, JH; Mburu, M. W.; Kimani, P. M.; Kabutbei, J. I.; Chemining’wa, George N. (2011)
openalex: W2271527867 mag: 2271527867
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Prevalence of asthma symptoms in adult university students and workers in Elobeid – West Sudan - Musa, Omer A; Magzoub, Aamir; ElSony, Asma I (European Respiratory Journal, 2011)
Introduction: Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire the prevalence of asthma was found to be higher in Khartoum state (capital of Sudan) compared to the rural areas in children. The prevalence of asthma in adults in the capital was found previously to be 9%. Objectives: To find the prevalence of asthma among Sudanese university students and adults and validate the diagnosis by pulmonary function tests in a rural area in Sudan. Method: A cross-sectional study performed in Elobeid town about 650 Km western Khartoum, during 2010. A modified ISAAC questionnaire was distributed to university students and adults chosen by stratified random sampling.412 subjects were included. Any subject with a positive response to asthma symptoms was interviewed by another questionnaire covering asthma symptoms, allergy symptoms and environmental factors. In addition, lung function tests had been performed to all those having asthma symptoms. Results: 412 subjects were included. Prevalence of asthma according to wheeze hearing in the last 12 months was 6.7%. Wheezing is the most prevalent asthma symptom (96.6%), followed by breathlessness (76%). Most of the patients have intermittent symptoms. Validation of ISAAC questionnaire by reversibility test was 57% in asthmatic group. Conclusion: 1.Prevalence of asthma among Sudanese adult university students and workers living in Elobeid town (West Sudan) is 6.7%. is less than the capital. 2.Extra pulmonary function tests are needed for validation in intermittent asthma.
openalex: W2159945000 mag: 2159945000
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Perceptions of the Dwindling Appeal of the Teaching Profession: A South African Case-Study - Naong, Matsidiso Nehemia (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
openalex: W2769028957 mag: 2769028957
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Learning Styles as Perceived by Learners of English as a Foreign Language in the English Language Center of the Arab American University - Jenin, Palestine - naqeeb, hassan; Awad, A. (An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 2011)
Learning styles play an indispensable role in determining the teaching styles. Accordingly, this study investigated the perceptual learning styles as perceived by the students studying English as a foreign language at the English Language Center at The Arab American University in Palestine. It aimed to explore the learning styles to be the baseline for teaching English as a foreign language at AAUJ. Accordingly, the researchers attempted to answer the following questions: What are the learning styles of the EFL students at AAUJ? Are their significant differences at (&=.05) in the learning styles due to the academic level, gender and English level? To achieve this, the researchers developed a 20- item questionnaire, which was distributed amongst 190 male and 196 female students at AAUJ. This sample represented 30% of the study population. Analyzing the data, the researchers used standard deviations, means, independent T-test and One-way Anova. The researchers concluded that: AAUJ students (females and males) mainly auditory in addition to other secondary learning styles, each academic level has his own learning styles, no differences were found among the students regarding their level in English. The researchers recommended: auditory activities should be prioritized in English teaching at ELC at AAUJ, language Labs should be enriched to suit this most prevalent learning style, native and non-native instructors of English should evenly be trained to incorporate the various learning styles while teaching, more studies should be conducted to investigate the relationship the learners' residence (city, town, village, camp) and their learning styles. تلعب دراسة أنماط التعلم دورا فاعلا في تحديد أساليب التدريس المتبعة في تدريس اللغة الانجليزية كلغة أجنبية في الجامعات. وبناء على ما سبق، جاءت هذه الدراسة لتحديد أنماط التعلم التي يفضلها طلبة مركز اللغات في الجامعة العربية الأمريكية في جنين- فلسطين. ولتحقيق ذلك قام الباحثان بطرح مجموعة من الأسئلة: ما هي أنماط التعلم التي يستخدمها طلبة مركز اللغات في الجامعة العربية الأمريكية ؟ هل توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية على مستوى 0.05 في أنماط وعادات التعلم تبعا ل: متغير الجنس، والمستوى الجامعي، ومستوى الطلاب في اللغة الانجليزية (مبتدئ، متوسط، متقدم)؟ وللإجابة على هذه الأسئلة، طور الباحثان استبانة مكونة من 20 فقرة، وزعت على 190 طالب و 196 طالبة من طلبة مركز اللغات في الجامعة العربية الأمريكية. وقد مثلت العينة المختارة عشوائيا ما مقداره 30% من مجتمع الدراسة. ولفحص الفرضيات، استخدم الباحثان اختبار ت، وتحليل التباين الأحادي، الانحراف المعياري والمتوسطات الحسابية. أظهرت النتائج أن طلاب مركز اللغات في الجامعة العربية الأمريكية يعطون أولوية لأسلوب التعلم السمعي، فيما اعتبرت ا نماط التعلم الأخرى فرعية. وأظهرت الدراسة أيضا عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في أنماط وعادات التعلم لدى الجنسين وكذلك الحال بالنسبة إلى المستوى في اللغة الانجليزية (مبتدئ، متوسط، متقدم). وفي المقابل، وجدت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في أساليب التعلم لدى الطلاب تبعا للمستوى الأكاديمي (سنة أولى، ثانية، ثالثة، رابعة). وبناء على نتائج الدراسة، يوصي الباحثان باستخدام مزيدا من الأنشطة السمعية في تدريس اللغة الانجليزية في الجامعة العربية الأمريكية، إلحاق المدرسين الأجانب والعرب بدورات تدريبية حول توظيف أنماط التعلم المختلفة في تدريس اللغة الانجليزية. كما وأوصى الباحثان بإجراء مزيد من الدراسات لتبيان اثر مكان السكن (مخيم، قرية، والمدينة) في أنماط وعادات التعلم.
openalex: W110296140 mag: 110296140
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Group Processes in Experiential Training Groups in Botswana - Nitza, Amy (The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 2011)
Abstract While group counseling has the potential to be an effective form of intervention in sub-Saharan Africa, research on group processes that would help guide group interventions in the region is scarce. This study investigated therapeutic factors and group climate in experiential training groups in Botswana. The Critical Incident Questionnaire (CIQ; Bloch, Reibstein, Crouch, Holroyd, & Themen, 1979) and the Group Climate Questionnaire–Short (GCQ–S; MacKenzie, Citation1983) were collected from participants during three sessions of training groups in a group dynamics course. CIQ results indicated that group members prefer Cognitive Insight-oriented groups (Kivlighan & Holmes, Citation2004). The factor structure of the GCQ–S was not a good fit with this population, suggesting that cultural differences influence group climate variables. Keywords: Botswanagroup climategroup counselingtherapeutic factors Acknowledgments This manuscript was supported in part by the Fulbright Scholar Program of the U.S. Department of State, as well as the Association for Specialists in Group Work Research Committee. Notes a Three participants withdrew from the course associated with this study after the first data collection point. Because the data was collected anonymously, their responses could not be removed from the data. b One participant did not attend the final group session. Additional informationNotes on contributorsAmy Nitza Amy Nitza, Ph.D., is an associate professor with the Department of Professional Studies, Indiana University—Purdue University Fort Wayne.
openalex: W2127322290 mag: 2127322290
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Restructuring the Gambia Hotel School into a National Training Institute Project Report – Business Plan - Novelli, Marina; Burns, Peter (2011)
openalex: W1764602289 mag: 1764602289
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Strengthening Pharmaceutical Care Education in Ethiopia Through Instructional Collaboration - Odegard, Peggy Soule; Tadeg, Hailu; Downing, Don; Suleman, Sultan; Bedada, Worku; Paulos, Getahun; Mekonnen, Hailemeskel; Negussu, Mekonnen; Bartlein, Rebecca; Stergachis, Andy (American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2011)
Glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) is a rare histologically aggressive cancer subtype of the cervix that is associated with poor prognosis. Only 16 cases of endometrial GCC (EGCC) have been described in the literature to date. The data on prognostic factors and management of EGCC are limited and no optimal treatment protocol has been established. We describe a case of a 67-year-old woman who presented with postmenopausal bleeding and was diagnosed with stage IA EGCC. The patient’s risk factors included histology, age and lower uterine segment involvement. The patient was successfully treated with total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic node dissection followed by adjuvant sandwich chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient has no evidence of disease recurrence for 18 months. This is the first case of EGCC management with adjuvant multimodality therapy.
openalex: W2066858761 mag: 2066858761
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Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitive teeth among a group of Nigerian undergraduate students. - Oderinu, O H; Savage, KO; Uti, Omolara; Adegbulugbe, IC (PubMed, 2011)
To determine the prevalence of self reported hypersensitive teeth and relate this to the frequency and quantity of consumed carbonated drinks among a group on Nigerian dental and medical undergraduate students and the management of the condition by the students.Self administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demography, consumption of carbonated drinks, hypersensitivity of teeth and its management from students. Students were chosen using stratified sampling method. Each level of study was taken as a stratum and students were then chosen from each stratum by systematic sampling.A total of 387 questionnaires were returned. Hypersensitivity of teeth was reported by 33.8% while 52.7% of them were bothered about the condition, half (50.0%) of those bothered by the condition had done nothing about it. About a third (29.7%) of the respondents, (16.3% consumed once daily and 13.4% consumed 2/more times daily) consumed carbonated drink at least once a day. A great majority (77.0%, 17.2%) either consumed 1-2 bottles (35cl/bottle) or 1-2(30cl/glass) of carbonated drinks per day respectively. Tooth sensitivity occurred more commonly among students who consumed carbonated drinks most frequently (i.e. 2 or more times a day) but there was no significant statistical association between frequency and quality of carbonated drink consumption and self-reported dentine hypersensitivity. (p>0.05)Hypersensitivity of teeth was common among the students studied but request for treatment was poor. There is need for increased public awareness on prevention and management of common dental conditions.
openalex: W3083179563 mag: 3083179563
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Government Spending on Education, Economic Growth and Long Waves in a CGE Micro-Simulation Analysis: The Case of Nigeria - Odior, Ernest Simeon (2011)
This paper analyses the dynamic (direct and indirect) effects of government policy on education and its relation to the cyclical economic growth in the long run. The basic objective is to simulate if government expenditure on education would help to improve economic performance in Nigeria in the long run-2015. The paper used an integrated sequential dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the potential impact of increase in government expenditure on education in Nigeria. The model is calibrated with a 2004 social accounting matrix (SAM) data of the Nigerian economy. The result shows that the re-allocation of government expenditure to education sector is significant in explaining economic growth in Nigeria. This paper therefore recommends that in order to achieve a steady economic growth, investment in education service should receive the highest priority in the public investment portfolio. The policy implication of the study is that, the Nigerian government should be able to move resources from other sectors to provide quality education for her citizens. This type of expenditure not only has a large impact on poverty per Naira spent, but also produces greatest growth in human productivity. The study concludes that if government policy is going to substantially increase growth, then future expenditure has to be pro-growth. Investing in education is one of the pro-growth policies for promoting economic growth.
openalex: W163912274 mag: 163912274
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Survey of Barriers Affecting the Use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) among Distance Learners: A Case Study of Nigeria - Ofulue, Christine I. (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2011)
The use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) to bridge the communication gap between teacher and learner has been identified as a major characteristic of Open and Distance Learning (ODL). In many developing counties, including Nigeria, several barriers prevent OD learners from maximising the potentials of ICTs to enhance their learning. This study seeks to identify these barriers and consequently, strategies to overcome them within the Nigerian context. Subjects of the research are OD learners in three selected distance learning institutions in Nigeria. Responses from administered questionnaires and interviews constitute the data, which were analysed using appropriate statistical instruments. The findings of this study which form part of an ongoing regional research on the use of ICTs by distance learners, show that  much of ODL instructional delivery is still primarily print based;  there is some significant progress has been made especially with regard to encouraging the use of some non traditional ICTs through ODL; and  although Nigeria has embarked on implementing computer literacy at all levels, the issue of affordability, bandwidth, and infrastructural facilities like constant electricity remain barriers.
openalex: W2097904731 mag: 2097904731
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Library Use Education as a Correlate of Use of Library Resources in a Nigerian University - Ogunmodede, Thomas Ayinla; Adio, Gboyega; Odunola, O. A. (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2011)
Introduction is very important in the practice of librarianship; processes revolve around the users. Users must be constantly asked to assess the services and resources provided, this will help the to improve upon its services. No matter how large the stock of a is, if the services and its resources are not fully used, such a will be a white elephant. Ignoring satisfaction is done at the library's peril. provides use to equip users with knowledge. This will enable the to use the resources effectively and efficiently. Library processes may be so complex that the average may not easily comprehend how to use available resources. As a result of the era of information explosion in which we are, information is expanding at a very fast rate and new resources are being introduced into the (Aina, 2004). With the advent of Information Technology (IT), which has permeated almost all the activities of libraries, it is important to explain the working of a to a new in detail. ultimate objective is to enable users exploit the resources of a to the fullest. Fjallbrant (1990) defines the concept thus: The teaching of those skills that will enable students to locate and use materials effectively, and feel confident in using the library. Also, its aim is to acquaint users with the use of materials in the libraries. Similarly, Fleming (1990) defined use as various programmes of and exploration provided by libraries to users to enable them to make effective, efficient and independent use of information sources and services to which these libraries provide access Bello (2003) corroborated the view of Fjallbrant, by stating that use is a device by the librarians to educate users on how to use the resources available in the in a result oriented ways. Thus it is concerned with information retrieval, since the objectives of the use according to Osagie (2003) are follows: (1) to enable users to know how to use the catalogues independently in any with particular references to the Author/Title and subject catalogues. (2) to enable users to understand the classification schemes in any so to be able to locate materials (books, journals, audio visual materials etc) with little or no problem; (3) to be able to see catalogues indexes to the entire collection and use them such, and (4) to enable the users to see the a repository of knowledge that determines the success of the students academic programme because it is not possible for an individual to have the collection of a library. Literature Review Over the years, there have been various terms referring to teaching effective use of the and its resources. These terms include library use education reader instruction, user library orientation, and library education. All these terms refer to organized programmes practiced across various types of libraries to enable to acquire skills to allow them to use the resources effectively (Lwehabura, 1999). instruction in the use has roots far back profession itself. origin of can be traced back more than 170 years ago. earliest evidence of instruction was seen in a librarian lecturing to undergraduates was found at Harvard College in the 1820s. It was reported that most academic librarians were professors with part-time appointments who taught the use of for academic purposes. It was in early 1900s that William Warner Bishop and William Fredrick Pole espoused the concept of instruction that are still valid today, with the aim of making students independent learners and to clarify the role of the in the University. …
openalex: W1535117986 mag: 1535117986
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Computer Usage as Instructional Resources for Vocational Training in Nigeria - Oguzor, Nkasiobi Silas (Contemporary educational technology (Online), 2011)
The use of computers has become one of the driving forces in the delivery of instruction of today’s vocational education and training (VET) in Nigeria. Though computers have become increasingly accessible resources for educators to use in their teaching activities, most teachers are still unable to integrate it in their teaching and learning processes. Computers are used to improve teaching quality where quality is very expensive to reproduce, or to substitute for the lack of teachers, or schooling opportunities that cannot be made available with conventional teaching methodologies. This paper examines the challenges of integrating ICT into instructional practices in VET and the barriers confronting implementation. Hence, the need for compatible computer education policies, suggestions to integrate ICT into teaching and learning practices are provided to assist the teachers to the use of computers in order to help the students acquire theoretical knowledge, grounded in real practice. It is the contention of this paper that though creating an ICT environment for teaching and learning in Nigeria may seem difficult, it would enhance students’ achievement in vocational education and training.
openalex: W3005797546 mag: 3005797546
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Psychological Predictors of Attitude towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help in a Nigerian University Student Population - Ojedokun, Oluyinka (South African Journal of Psychology, 2011)
Although research on the relationship between psychological factors and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help has been conducted in a wide range of settings, some psychological factors remained unexplored, especially among Nigerian university students. Therefore this study investigated predictive powers of psychological factors (health locus of control, mindfulness, openness to experience, personal growth initiative, and sense of coherence) on atitude towards seeking professional psychological help among 452 students in a Nigerian university. The study was comprised of 234 (51.77%) males and 218 (48.23%) females with mean age of 22 years ( SD = 2.16). Participants completed measures of health locus of control, mindfulness, openness to experience, personal growth initiative, sense of coherence, and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help. Results reveal significant independent and joint influence of health locus of control, mindfulness, openness to experience, personal growth initiative, and sense of coherence on attitude towards seeking professional psychological help. Findings from this study suggest that professionals in the areas of mental health and psychological well-being might improve students' engagement in psychological counseling through changing their attitudes toward seeking professional help by modifying their unfulfilled psychological, emotional, and social needs.
openalex: W2070345279 mag: 2070345279
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HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitude and Risk Perception among Pregnant Women in a Teaching Hospital, Southwestern Nigeria. - Ojieabu, Winifred A; Femi-Oyewo, MN; Eze, Uchenna I. H. (PubMed, 2011)
The rising HIV infection rates among women especially of child bearing age particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa expose children to increased HIV risk even before they are born. Without effective measures or awareness campaigns to deal with mother-to-child transmission, 390 000 out of the global 430 000 children newly infected with HIV during 2008 were from sub-Saharan Africa This study was undertaken to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and risk perception among pregnant women in Tertiary hospital, Southwestern Nigeria.The study was carried out using a 43- item self administered questionnaire, pretestd and administered to 403 pregnant women during ante-natal clinic sessions.High HIV/AIDS awareness level (97%) was recorded, 77.7% had correct knowledge of the cause of the disease but knowledge on the modes of vertical transmission during pregnancy (57.5%) and prevention during breast-feeding (62.3%) was not encouraging A lot of misconceptions about the cause of the HIV/AIDS, modes of contact, transmission, prevention and anti-retroviral therapy were recorded.The survey revealed that a lot needed to be done to improve the knowledge, attitude, perception and behavioral changes among the populace especially in this particular group. This calls for urgent and proper response in order to stem the tide of HIV/AIDS.
openalex: W2271484762 mag: 2271484762
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Sewage pollution in the Coastal waters of Mombasa City, Kenya: A norm Rather than an Exception - Okuku, Eric Ochieng; Ohowa, Boaz O.; Mwangi, Stephen; Munga, Daniel; Kiteresi, Linet Imbayi; Wanjeri, V.O.; Okumu, S.; Kilonzo, Joseph (International Journal of Environmental Research, 2011)
openalex: W2154599683 mag: 2154599683
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Depression underdiagnosis and the effects on quality of life in outpatients with HIV at a Nigerian university teaching hospital - Olisah, Victor Obiajulu; Baiyewu, Olusegun; Sheikh, Taiwo Lateef (African Journal of AIDS Research, 2011)
The study aimed to determine the frequency of depressive disorder in a sample of patients with HIV and its level of underdiagnosis by attending physicians. The study also explored the effect of depressive disorder on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with HIV. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered to patients with HIV attending a medical out-patient clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, central northern Nigeria. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to screen for depressive symptoms, and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) was used to confirm the diagnosis of depressive disorder. The patients' medical records were screened for documentation of depressive symptoms or previous treatment with antidepressants by an attending physician. The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment short version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure six domains of QOL. A total of 310 patients with HIV participated in the study; of these, 14.2% (n = 44) met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder, according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). All of these cases of depressive disorder had not been previously recognised by any attending physician. Of the 310 participants, 58 (18.7%) had a 'poor' score and 252 (81.3%) had an 'average or above' score for overall QOL. Of the 44 with depressive disorder, 28 (63.6%) were among those with a poor score for overall QOL. A fairly similar pattern was observed for all the other domains, with patients with depressive disorder accounting for greater proportions of the participants with poor domain scores. Thus, the authors found that depression is common but seldom clinically recognised in people with HIV, and that it is associated with a reduction in quality of life. Identifying and treating depression in patients with HIV will improve functioning and general wellbeing.
openalex: W2084533084 mag: 2084533084
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Globalization, Information And Communication Technologies (ICTS) And Open/Distance Learning In Nigeria: Trends, Issues And Solution - Olusola, Akande Joshua; Alaba, Sofowora Olaniyi (DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2011)
The main thrust of this paper is to discuss the development of open and distance education in Nigeria and the major manifestations of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education in open and distance learning. This study further discusses the importance and use of ICTs in open and distance learning in making education accessible to a larger population of students. From that vantage point this paper reviews the phenomenon of ICTs in open and distance learning in developing countries such as Nigeria.
openalex: W2146411148 mag: 2146411148
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Molecular Characterization and DNA Fingerprinting of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Isolates from Climate Change Prone Areas in East Africa - Onasanya, A.; Kiepe, Paul; Basso, A.; Nkima, Germain; Nwilene, F. E.; Ingelbrech, I.; Lamo, J.; Ekperigin, M. M.; Onasanya, R.O.; Oyelakin, O. O.; Winter, Stephan; Seré, Y. (Research journal of environmental sciences, 2011)
openalex: W2317798635 mag: 2317798635
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Quality and productivity of teachers in selected public primary schools in Apac district Uganda - Ongol, Tego R. S (2011)
A thesis report presented to the school of postgraduate studies and research Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Educational Management and Administration
openalex: W3081896080 mag: 3081896080
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Health Status and Measurement of Some Haematological Parameters of New Secondary School Students in Benin City, Nigeria - Onyeagwara, NC; Ntaji, MI; Akerele, JO (Annals of Biomedical Sciences, 2011)
Background: A good school health programme is necessary to optimize the educational opportunities and make appropriate adjustments for optimal development of the school child. This study was done to determine some haematological parameters as a correlate of health status of new entrants in two mission owned secondary schools in Benin City.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 150 students of two mission-owned secondary school in Benin City in which the packed cell volume, Rhesus factor, the Hemoglobin, genotype and blood group were analyzed.Results: Of the 150 students studied, 75.3% were males while 24.7% were females. The mean ages of the students were 10.5%EF%BF%BD 1.0yrs. Eighty-nine per cent of the students had a packed cell volume of between 33% and 42%. Ninety seven percent (96.7%) were rhesus D positive, 77.3% were of genotype AA, while 56.7% of them were of blood group O.Conclusion: Majority of the students were of good health status and had haematological profile similar to report of studies conducted elsewhere in Nigeria
openalex: W1993947439 mag: 1993947439
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Parents’ socio-economic status and pupils’ academic attainment in selected primary schools in Malaba town council-Uganda - Onzima, Robert E. D. (2011)
A thesis presented to the school of postgraduate studies and research Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Educational Management and Administration
openalex: W3037073200 mag: 3037073200
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Door Of Hope Or Despair: Students' Perception Of Distance Education At University Of Ghana - Oteng-Ababio, M. (DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2011)
Distance Education has globally become one of the important solutions for increasing admission into the universities, decongesting campuses and efficient utilization of time and space. To ensure the sustainability of the programmes‘ noble objectives calls for periodic re-evaluation of its modus operandi including the assessment of the perception of its intended beneficiaries. Using exploratory factor analysis, this study analyzes the perceptions of DE students from the University of Ghana. The results of the study show that students have positive perception on the usefulness, satisfaction and flexibility of the programme but have a negative attitude towards examination related issues. The underlying factors include the untimely delivery and poorly edited modules as well as poor arranged examination schedules.
openalex: W2129934256 mag: 2129934256
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Stop Violence Against Girls in School : A cross country analysis of baseline research from Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique - Parkes, Jenny; Heslop, Jo (2011)
This report presents findings from baseline studies carried out in three districts in Kenya, Ghana and Mozambique for Stop Violence Against Girls in School, a five year project (2008-2013) led by ActionAid. The study aimed to provide a baseline with which to measure and evaluate change over the course of the project, as well as building in depth knowledge of gender, violence and education in the project areas in order to inform decision making about community intervention, advocacy and research priorities in the project, and contributing to the international literature on gender violence in schools. Data was collected in 2009 in 13 primary schools and communities in Ghana, 16 in Kenya and 15 in Mozambique. A total of 2757 respondents participated in the baseline study, including girls and boys, teachers and head teachers, parents, SMC members, community leaders and women’s group leaders, District Education Officers, District Health Officers and Police. The studies combined quantitative and qualitative methods, and a desk review of the legal and policy frameworks. The baseline study confirmed that primary schoolgirls in the project areas experience multiple forms of violence in their schools, homes and communities. Gender violence is closely linked to poverty, with forms of punishment, early marriage, and transactional sex related to the demands on girls to provide support for their families in a context of economic hardship. Across the three project sites, we see disconnects between legal and policy change and local implementation. While Education For All messages are clearly impacting at local levels with increasing access and reducing gender gaps at school, attitudes to and action on gender and violence seem harder to shift. There is some evidence of change (possibly related to recent NGO work in the areas), but apparent changes in awareness or knowledge are often not matched by changes in behaviour. For example, teachers condemning corporal punishment in Kenya and Mozambique, and girls speaking out against female genital cutting and other forms of violence against girls in Kenya may be influenced by policies and interventions, yet these seem to be having little impact on changing practice. Whilst girls being able to openly condemn violence, at least with each other, is an important step in challenging violence in schools and communities, without wider change girls may be placed at increased risk of violence by speaking out in an unsupportive environment. Opportunities for reflection on deeply ingrained beliefs about gender and violence and on how these beliefs relate to practice, as well as opening spaces for different groups at different levels to come together in dialogue and action is likely to be needed to effect wider change.
openalex: W136846328 mag: 136846328
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Early smoking initiation and associated factors among in-school male and female adolescents in seven African countries. - Peltzer, Karl (PubMed, 2011)
This report examines the prevalence and common correlates of early smoking initiation among male and female school children across seven African countries.The total sample included 17,725 school children aged 13 to 15 years from nationally representative samples in seven African countries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between early smoking initiation, health compromising behaviours, mental distress, protective factors and socio-economic status variables.Overall 15.5% had experienced smoking initiation before age 14, with the percentages 20.1% among boys and 10.9% among girls. In multivariable analysis, early smoking initiation was among boys associated with ever drunk from alcohol use (OR = 4.73, p = 0.001), ever used drugs (OR = 2.36, p = 0.04) and ever had sex (OR = 1.63, p = 0.04). Among girls, it was associated with higher education (OR = 5.77, p = 0.001), ever drunk from alcohol use (OR = 4.76, p = 0.002), parental or guardian tobacco use (OR = 2.83, p = 0.001) and suicide ideation (OR = 2.05, p = 0.02).The study found a high prevalence of early smoking initiation among 13-15 year-olds in seven African countries. Various risk factors have been identified in boys and girls who initiate smoking before age 14, forming a distinct risk group in this setting. Specific interventions are needed for boys and girls in the preteen years, before smoking initiation.
openalex: W1568970244 mag: 1568970244
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Dysmenorrhoea and coping strategies among secondary school adolescents in Ilala District, Tanzania. - Pembe, Andrea B.; Ndolele, Ntaholija T (PubMed, 2011)
Dysmenorrhoea is common problem among adolescents worldwide. Its prevalence varies greatly in different populations and ethnic groups. Adolescents with severe dysmenorrhoea may miss classes and other social activities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and coping strategies for dysmenorrhoea among secondary school adolescents in Ilala municipal, Tanzania.A cross sectional study was conducted in eight public and private secondary schools in Ilala municipal. A total of 880 girls in form II and form III who had attained menarche were interviewed using a self administered questionnaire between August and October 2007.The mean age at menarche was 13.3 years with the youngest at nine years and the oldest at sixteen years. Six hundred fifty two (74.1%) girls had dysmenorrhoea. Backache, breast tenderness and non specific joint pains were significantly more common symtoms among adolescents with dysmenorrhoea than without dysmenorrhoea. Medication was used by 362 (55.5 %) girls to relieve dysmenorrhoea. Commonest medications used were paracetamol and diclofenac. Adolescents who missed school due to dysmenorrhoea were 154 (23.6%) and 140 (21.5%) missed social activities.High proportion of secondary school adolescents has dysmenorrhoea in Ilala municipal with a significant number missing school and social activities. Reproductive health education in primary and secondary schools should be enhanced to increase awareness and care seeking.
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Mixing of mineral dust with urban pollution aerosol over Dakar (Senegal): impact on dust physico-chemical and radiative properties - Petzold, A; Veira, A.; Mund, S.; Esselborn, M.; Kiemle, C.; Weinzierl, B.; Hamburger, T.; Ehret, G.; Lieke, K.; Kandler, Konrad (Tellus B, 2011)
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Challenges Counselors Face While Practising in South African Schools: Implications for Culturally Relevant in-Service Training - Pillay, Jace (South African Journal of Psychology, 2011)
The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the challenges counselors face while practising in South African schools. An ecological systems theoretical approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with school counselors from six different schools, in various education districts in Gauteng. These interviews were transcribed and analysed for recurrent themes. The findings highlight three main characteristics that are essential for counselors within the South African context. These are the ability to fulfill multiple roles and responsibilities in a multicultural context; taking responsibility for their own as well as others' personal and professional development; and the ability to establish internal and external collaborative networks. All these characteristics allude to an ecosystemic way of thinking and functioning which is embedded in community participation and support. Hence, there are implications for culturally relevant in-service training.
openalex: W2144637745 mag: 2144637745
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Constructing dressing rooms in urban schools: Understanding family through book clubs with Latino and African American female adolescents - Polleck, Jody (Journal of poetry therapy, 2011)
Because adolescence is a difficult transition where teenagers work to establish autonomy, an understanding of family becomes essential when exploring students' social contexts. The purpose of this article is to examine the space of book club as a metaphorical and actualized “dressing room,” where for one year 12 urban Latina and African American females used adolescent literature and conversations to understand their lives, communities, and families. These discussions were essential in that families function as part of their identities and as systems of both support and conflict. Ultimately, the girls used textual family relationships and each other as guides for their present situations and future potentialities.
openalex: W2085168693 mag: 2085168693
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Smoking behaviour, risk perception and attitudes toward anti-smoking legislation among a sample of South African students : physical activity and health - Popovac, Maša; Mwaba, Kelvin; Roman, Nicolette V. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
This study sought to establish smoking behaviour, perceptions of health risks of smoking and attitudes toward anti-smoking legislation among a sample of South African university students. Undergraduates (225 women and 105 men) completed measures of behaviours, attitudes and perceptions related to smoking. The results showed that only 16% of the students reported to be smokers, of whom most were coloured females. Both smokers and non-smokers indicated knowledge of increased risks of smoking and supported the strict anti-smoking legislation that has been implemented in South Africa. However, smokers minimised their personal risk of smoking related ill effects. These results suggest that anti-smoking strategies should consider the optimistic bias among smokers that leads them to minimise their susceptibility to smoking related illnesses.
openalex: W2118067330 mag: 2118067330
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Influenza preparedness and response: Involvement of African Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs, 2009 - Preacely, Nykiconia; Nsubuga, Peter (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011)
openalex: W4300758143
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The Development of an African-Centered Urban High School by Trial and Error - Robinson, Theresa Y.; Jeremiah, Maxine (Schools: Studies in Education, 2011)
As part of the Small Schools movement in Chicago Public Schools, a high school dedicated to African-centered education was chartered. The virtues of Ma’at and the Nguzo Saba, otherwise known as the seven principles of Kwanza, were the foundational principles of the school and were to be integrated into all of the practices and policies of the school. What the teachers faced was student resistance to participate in school rituals, school-wide violence, teen pregnancy, truancy, and student drug and alcohol use. These factors led the teachers to the decision to experiment with changes to the curriculum and instruction. The teachers thought that modeling and direct instruction of the virtues and principles would create a school culture reflected in the virtues. Student work provided evidence of some change in individual students; however, students continued to struggle with violence and at-risk behaviors.
openalex: W2087467182 mag: 2087467182
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Whose Deficit Is This Anyhow? Exploring Counter-Stories of Somali Bantu Refugees' Experiences in "Doing School" - Roy, Laura; Roxas, Kevin (Harvard Educational Review, 2011)
In this article, Laura Roy and Kevin Roxas draw from two studies with Somali Bantu refugee families in South Texas and Michigan. Findings from both study sites revealed a disconnect between how educators perceived the Somali Bantu families'educational goals and Somali Bantu families' actual views of education. In contrast to educators' perceptions, Somali Bantu caregivers stressed the high value they placed on education through their storytelling practices in the home that related past struggles, including experiences of violence and poverty. The stories told and advice given by parents and elders showed an embedded value of education within the community and a counter-story to the way in which Somali Bantu families were viewed by the majority of their teachers. The authors conclude that the discourse employed by educators was grounded in a deficit-based paradigm that created missed opportunities for connecting with Somali Bantu parents and marginalized students by blaming them rather than evaluating the lack of education provided to families in how to "do school" in the American context.
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Impact of Schistosoma haematobium infection on urinary tract pathology, nutritional status and anaemia in school-aged children in two different endemic areas of the Niger River Basin, Mali - Sacko, Moussa; Magnussen, Pascal; Kéita, Adama Diaman; Traoré, Mamadou; Landouré, Aly; Doucouré, Aïssata; Madsen, Henry; Vennervald, Birgitte J. (Acta Tropica, 2011)
The aim of the present study was to contribute to define urinary schistosomiasis-related morbidity indicators and to understand the relationship between infection intensity and disease burden among school-aged children in different endemic areas of Mali. A cross sectional study was undertaken in two different endemic settings: Koulikoro district, along the river and Selingué dam area in the Niger River Basin in order to compare and describe morbidity related to Schistosoma haematobium infection. A total of 667 children aged 7-14 were enrolled in the study. Among these, 333 were from Koulikoro district (175 boys and 158 girls) and 334 from Selingué dam area (169 boys and 165 girls). The overall prevalence of S. haematobium in the two areas was 91.5%; Koulikoro (97.0%) and Selingué (85.9%) and this difference was significant after adjusting for age, sex and clustering within villages. Prevalence of heavy infection (≥ 50 eggs per 10 ml of urine), 57.6% in Koulikoro and 43.8% in Selingué, did not differ significantly after adjusting for age, sex and clustering within villages. The transmission of Schistosoma mansoni was mainly confined to Selingué dam area (12.5%) and was nearly absent in Koulikoro district (1.1%). Blood in urine was the most frequently reported clinical symptom, more common in Koulikoro (76.8%) than in Selingué (57.6%). In a multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for sex, age group, egg intensity category and clustering within villages, Selingué had higher prevalence of macro-haematuria, urinary tract pathology, upper urinary tract pathology and total pathology than Koulikoro, while micro-haematuria did not differ between the two areas. Morbidity measures increased to some extent with egg intensity category, especially micro-haematuria. The results obtained from this study are of importance for planning intervention as for monitoring and evaluation of control in different endemic settings in Mali.
openalex: W2008582982 mag: 2008582982
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Provenance of conglomerate clasts from the volcano-sedimentary sequence at Wadi Rutig in southern Sinai, Egypt as revealed by SIMS U–Pb dating of zircon - Samuel, M.D.; Be’eri-Shlevin, Yaron; Azer, Mokhles K.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Moussa, Hilmy E. (Gondwana research, 2011)
The volcano-sedimentary succession at Wadi Rutig, Sinai, at the northernmost segment of the Arabian Nubian Shield comprises early Ediacaran volcanic rocks interbedded with immature sediments including variable sized conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones. We report new SIMS U–Pb ages of zircons separated from conglomerates of various levels in the succession and from single cobbles of these conglomerates. The age probability patterns of two conglomerate samples reveal major contribution from 600 to 860 Ma components with a prominent gap at 640–710 Ma and some contribution from ca. 900 to 1100 Ma components. Single cobbles of granitic and dacitic compositions yield ages of ca. 615 Ma and 629 Ma respectively. The provenance patterns are compatible with major derivation from known ANS age material in Sinai (600–850 Ma), but also indicate that pre-870 Ma components of dominantly latest Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic were more widespread in the northernmost ANS than previously appreciated. The 640–710 Ma age gap supports a lull in magmatic activity at this time in the northernmost ANS especially in Sinai, which is in marked contrast with the evolution of more southerly ANS segments. The ca. 710–740 Ma age detrital zircons in the Rutig conglomerates are interpreted to reflect magmatic source of this age range, hitherto not identified in the northernmost ANS. U–Pb ages of youngest detrital zircons combined with other evidence indicate that deposition of conglomerates can be confined to ca. 620–610 Ma and 600–590 Ma. The recognition of two erosion–deposition phases is discussed within the context of a changing geodynamic setting during post-collisional collapse of the ANS orogen after ca. 630 Ma. Both provenance patterns and basin evolution are compared to other late Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary successions of the northernmost ANS.
openalex: W2128361353 mag: 2128361353
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A review of climate change adaptation initiatives within the Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group members - Seimon, Anton; Watson, James; Dave, Radhika; Gray, Elizabeth M.; Oglethorpe, Judy (2011)
openalex: W2734868568 mag: 2734868568
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Firm Sponsored Training and Productivity in Morocco - Sekkat, Khalid (Journal of Development Studies, 2011)
ABSTRACT Using a sample of around 500 large and small firms covering six industries in Morocco, the article investigates the relationship between a firm's training decision in 1999 and labour productivity in subsequent years. The analytical framework allows output to depend on unobserved-time-invariant firm characteristics and assumes that technical progress depends on training. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity among firms and correcting for potential self-selection and endogeneity bias, the estimation shows that the intensity of training has a significant and positive impact on productivity in small and medium enterprises. The finding is robust to the introduction of various control variables.
openalex: W2012817732 mag: 2012817732
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Basic Education for Children with Special Needs in Zambia - Serpell, Robert; Jere-Folotiya, Jacqueline (Psychology and Developing Societies, 2011)
Zambia’s national policy on the formal education of children with special educational needs (CSEN) began to evolve following the completion of a nation-wide campaign to reach disabled children (ZNCRDC), which was spurred by the UN declaration of 1981 as the International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP). The campaign generated epidemiological estimates of the prevalence of various types of disability among the population of basic school age (5–15 years), that showed that existing special educational provisions were reaching less than 10 per cent of those ascertained as severely disabled. The first phase of public policy focused on programmatic expansion in the 1980s of the number of units, located within the premises of existing basic schools, and offering specialised educational support to children with one particular broad type of disability (hearing, intellectual/learning, physical/mobility, or visual). This expansion programme was retarded by a number of fac-tors: resource constraints arising from a severe, national economic recession; refocusing of the principle of affirmative action to ensure equity to prioritise action to redress the disadvantages faced by girls (PAGE), and by children orphaned by the AIDS pandemic (OVC); and heightened emphasis on the principle of inclusion, which was often operationalised in the form of mainstreaming. Concurrently with the expansion of specialised units for CSEN, the quality of instruction and certification for specialist teachers was upgraded by the re-staffing and rehabilitation of the national college (LCTH/ZAMISE). Despite the enlarged output of qualified teachers from the College, staffing of CSEN units has remained problematic, largely due to poorly managed deployment of the college’s graduates. A recent shift in policy at the college in response to this problem has involved preparing graduates with skills to address the special educational needs of children with all four broad types of disabilities. Several lines of evidence are reviewed on these trends, including government policy documents and statistical reports, as well as a qualitative analysis of interviews with a sample of key informants. Major challenges currently faced by the government in attaining its policy objectives are itemised and some strategic options for addressing them are presented.
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A nephrology fellowship training program in Sudan: the goals and challenges. - Shigidi, Mazin Mohammed Taha (PubMed, 2011)
openalex: W2464119810 mag: 2464119810
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Student Teachers’ Perceptions of the Nature, Extent and Causes of Child Abuse by Teachers in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools - Shumba, Almon (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
This study sought to determine: (a) student teachers’ perceptions of child abuse within the school context; (b) forms of child abuse perpetrated by teachers on pupils in secondary schools; and (c) causes of child abuse by teachers in schools. A retrospective study was conducted using a purposive sample of 28 participants (15 male, 13 female; aged 21 to 45 years) who were attached to experienced teachers as their mentors for a whole year during their teaching practice. Participants were asked to reflect on how teachers interacted with their pupils in schools. The study assumes that since the perpetrator was no longer present, participants were free to verbalize without fear how their mentors treated their pupils during teaching practice. Participants were asked to write an essay explaining: (i) what they understood by child abuse from the school context; (ii) to indicate forms of child abuse that they observed being perpetrated on pupils by teachers in schools; (iii) to suggest causes of child abuse by teachers in schools; and (iv) to recommend the action that could be taken against child abuse perpetrators in schools. Data were analysed using content analysis. The study found that participants conceptualised child abuse as the maltreatment of pupils by teachers sexually, physically, emotionally and making pupils do domestic activities for teachers at their houses. It is clear from the study that pupils are vulnerable to child abuse and hence there is need to protect them against abuse in schools.
openalex: W2188179218 mag: 2188179218
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Internet access constrains science development and training at South African universities : correspondence - Slippers, Bernard; Majozi, Thokozani; Nelwamondo, Fulufhelo V.; Steenkamp, Christine M.; Heerden, Esta van; Wright, Caradee Y. (South African Journal of Science, 2011)
As a group of young scientists whose future careers depend increasingly on access to Internet resources, we are extremely concerned by the apparent lack of understanding of the stranglehold that current approaches to Internet pricing are placing on the development of science in South Africa.
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BEST PRACTICES FOR PROMOTING PARTICIPATION AND LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABILITY: LESSONS FROM COMMUNITY-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN KENYA AND TANZANIA - Spaling, Harry; Montes, Jesse; Sinclair, A. John (Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 2011)
This paper establishes best practices for community-based environmental assessment (CBEA) in Kenya and Tanzania and examines what participants in community-centered approaches to environmental assessment have learned. Three CBEA cases involving water supply projects were studied using interview methods and action research. Findings show that best practices for encouraging meaningful community involvement include providing access and adequate notice to participants, fairer cost sharing, broader representation of women and youth, participant understanding of the CBEA facilitator and culturally appropriate sharing of findings. Learning outcomes attributable to the CBEA process included technical skills for erosion control, new information about environmental assessment (EA) regulations and shared values of environmental sustainability and community unity. An application of selected best practice approaches in a test case, in order to encourage greater participation and learning, had mixed success. For example, attempts at providing early notice still resulted in it being far too late for most participants and only about one-third of the participants were women. However, a pictograph functioned as an effective tool for reporting CBEA results to the community and demonstrating learning outcomes.
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Strengthening Universal Primary Education in Uganda: The potential role of an asset-based development policy - Ssewamala, Fred M.; Wang, Julia Shu‐Huah; Karimli, Leyla; Nabunya, Proscovia (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
This paper is divided into three complementary parts. First, we examine the challenges to the Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy in Uganda, including insufficient instructional materials and family-level poverty. Second, guided by asset theory, and based on a systematic review of studies on asset-based development programs and interventions, we assess the potential of these programs in addressing the challenges of UPE, and improving access to UPE. Third, we conclude with a discussion of the implication of using asset-based development as one structural-level approach that may strengthen the UPE policy.
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Effects of internal control systems on financial performance in an institution of higher learning in Uganda : a case of Uganda Martyrs University - Ssuuna, Pius Mawanda (2011)
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Actual and perceived substance use of health science students at a university in the Western Cape, South Africa. - Steyl, Tania; Phillips, Julie (PubMed, 2011)
Substance use among youth is a worldwide epidemic that impacts negatively on the health sector as well as the family and society. Early student life is a time of tremendously high motivation to conform to the behaviours, values, and attitudes that are valued by the youth culture. They observe their peers' behavior and alter their own behaviour with their peers' norms and expectations. This compliance with perceived peer norms can however lead to increased smoking, alcohol and drug use.To determine and analyze risky and health promoting behaviour of health science students at a university in the Western Cape, South Africa. In this paper the association between actual risk and perceived risk for substance is discussed.A self-administered questionnaire containing items from both the NCHRBS and the ACHA-NCHA were administered to 201 health science students at a South African university.When perceptions of typical student behaviour were compared to actual reported behaviour, overestimated consumption patterns for the typical student was found for smoking, alcohol and drug use.The misperceptions of peer norms have important educational or prevention program implications. These findings clearly indicate that educational and awareness programs regarding alcohol and drug use should take perceptions of peer alcohol and drug use into consideration.
openalex: W2104443355 mag: 2104443355
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HIV/AIDS Knowledge Scores and Perceptions of Risk among African American Students Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities - Sutton, Madeline Y.; Hardnett, Felicia; Wright, Pierre; Wahi, Sagina; Pathak, Sonal; Warren-Jeanpiere, Lari; Jones, Sandra (Public Health Reports, 2011)
Objective. African American young adults are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and often unaware of their personal risk for HIV. Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) enroll 25% of college-educated African American young adults and can play an important role in HIV prevention. We examined HIV/AIDS knowledge of students at HBCUs to inform and strengthen our HIV prevention efforts at HBCUs. Methods. African American undergraduate HBCU students completed online surveys assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge and behaviors, and we analyzed data to assess their knowledge and behaviors. Results. A total of 1,051 of 1,230 surveys completed (85.4%) were analyzable. Eighty-two percent of students had average/high HIV knowledge scores. Seventy-nine percent of students surveyed perceived themselves to be at low risk for HIV infection; 64% of those who had at least two or more sex partners had not used a condom at last sex encounter. In the final model, significant independent effects were identified for average/high knowledge of HIV risk, including agreeing with assessing a potential partner's HIV risk by all of the five actions listed (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7, 4.3) and never using a needle to inject drugs (AOR=5.6, 95% CI 3.2, 9.7). Conclusions. Educating students about effectively assessing sex partner risk will improve HIV knowledge and prevention efforts at HBCUs.
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The rise and attenuation of the basic education programme (BEP) in Botswana: A global–local dialectic approach - Tabulawa, Richard (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
Using a global–local dialectic approach, this paper traces the rise of the basic education programme in the 1980s and 1990s in Botswana and its subsequent attenuation in the 2000s. Amongst the local forces that led to the rise of BEP were Botswana's political project of nation-building; the country's dire human resources situation in the decades following Independence in 1966; and its propitious economic climate in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Global forces included the global circulation of the World Bank's educational discourse on the primacy of primary education as a public ‘investment’ option and Botswana's desire to be a member of the influential transnational social structure. BEP's attenuation can similarly be traced back to both local and global forces. Local forces included the growth of youth unemployment, and a sluggish economy. Global forces included the globalization of neo-liberalism which called for cost-sharing/recovery measures, and, ironically, Botswana's ‘promotion’ to a ‘middle income status’ country. While conceptually the attenuation represents a case of policy reversal and in some ways a sense of ‘loss’, empirically, the attenuation has not been of material consequence to access to ‘basic’ education. This is attributed to the ambiguous position (best captured by the term ‘doublethink’) the Botswana government1 has adopted in relation to the issue of school fees.
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International climate change policy: background and significance of upcoming COP17 meeting for South Africa - Thambiran, Tirusha; Wright, Caradee Y.; Archer, Emma Rm; Garland, Rebecca M. (2011)
Upcoming: 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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Iatrogenic ureteric injuries in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital- experience in the last decade - Tijani, KH; Onwuzurigbo, KI; Ojewola, RW; Afolabi, Bosede Bukola; Akanmu, NO (East African Medical Journal, 2011)
Background: Ureteric injury is one of the most serious complications of any abdominal or pelvic surgery with significant morbidity. The medico-legal consequences are also becoming areas of concern in our environment. Traditionally abdominal hysterectomy was responsible for most cases. While recent reports from the west have however indicated a change in the pattern of these iatrogenic injuries with urological endoscopy being the major source, recent literature from the sub-Saharan Africa is relatively sparse, with the few ones available also indicating a change in pattern however of a different variety with a high incidence of injuries arising from gynaecological, non-hysterectomy causes. Objectives: To determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and outcome managements of iatrogenic ureteric injuries in our centre. Design: A retrospective descriptive study. Setting: Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects: Twenty patients managed for iatrogenic ureteric injuries between January 2000 and June 2010. Results: A total of 20 patients were managed for 24 iatrogenic injuries. Total abdominal hysterectomy was responsible for 15 (75%) of the patients. Six patients had the injury from the referring hospital in four of whom the gynaecological operations were performed by general practitioners (GP). Twelve patients developed injury after operation in our centre. Excessive intra-operative bleeding and emergency surgery in critically ill patients referred by the GP or traditional birth attendants were the most common predisposing factors. All but one patient had open surgical intervention. All patients with delayed diagnosis were operated immediately they were fit for anaesthesia irrespective of the time of injury. Outcome was satisfactory in all patients who had surgical intervention. There was one mortality whic h occurred in one patient who presented late and died before surgical intervention. Conclusion: Total abdominal hysterectomy still accounts for most cases of iatrogenic ureteric injuries in our environment. Open surgical intervention gives satisfactory results in all cases. Early surgical intervention is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality.
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The impact of HIV/AIDS on primary education in Botswana: educating children as agents of change - Torstensson, Gabriella; Brundrett, Mark (Education 3-13, 2011)
HIV/AIDS can no longer be regarded solely as a public health issue as its impact extends well into all spheres of life, sectors of society and levels of the education system. This paper argues that not only is it paramount to draw on children's understanding of the impact of AIDS on their lives, but it is equally important to draw on their solutions in order to foster their agency. Using the ‘draw and write’ methods, this research explores children's perception of the impact of HIV/AIDS and their understanding of the capabilities needed in order for them to become active change agents. The findings indicate that short-term intervention programmes are insufficient in curbing the HIV trends and in mitigating its impact. The authors argue that there is now a paramount need to re-evaluate the role and goal of education to allow it to serve as a prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS.
openalex: W2069607610 mag: 2069607610
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Time Mangement and School Administration in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects - Ugwulashi, Chima Sebastine (Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2011)
It is quite obvious that time is always used as an excuse by many policy planners and implementers for not meetingtheir expected targets. Others complained about time for other reasons. This paper tries to examine the relative importance oftime as a resource available to both planners and administrators in course of carrying out policy formulations and implementationof educational activities to achieve educational goals. It also emphasized that proper time management facilitates qualitativeteaching and learning in accomplishing educational goals and objectives. It started with an overview of time, definition of timeand time management, application of time management in school administration, scheduling of activities and time tablingprocess. Finally summary and some recommendations on how to improve school administration through proper timemanagement were highlighted.
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Transforming education for girls in Nigeria and Tanzania (TEGINT) : A cross country analysis of baseline research - Unterhalter, Elaine; Heslop, Jo (2011)
This report analyses data from the Baseline Study conducted for the Transforming Education for Girls in Nigeria and Tanzania (TEGINT) project between 2007 and 2009. The study sought to identify key aspects of gendered, educational and socio-economic processes and conditions that affect education for girls in Tanzania and Nigeria. Data was collected from survey interviews and questionnaires distributed to 1,053 respondents from 57 schools in six districts of Northern Tanzania and 1,735 respondents from 72 schools in eight states of Northern Nigeria in 2008. Follow-up in-depth interviews were carried out at 14 schools in Tanzania and 16 schools in Nigeria in 2009. Administrative data from school records was collated in 2008 and 2009 and a range of observations were made of school facilities. The study found that girls have high aspirations for their education in both Northern Tanzania and Northern Nigeria. Poverty, gendered division of labour, pregnancy and child marriage are amongst some of the key obstacles articulated by girls that could prevent them from achieving their aspirations. Girls are more able to identify more political, longer-term solutions (e.g. abolishing fees and levies) in areas of relative inequality compared to areas of absolute poverty. Women are underrepresented on school governing committees in Tanzania, but much more so in Nigeria where many committees had no female membership in 2008. Higher levels of female membership seem to translate into higher gender parity in enrolment, attendance, progression and completion at schools in Tanzania, with a weaker relationship in Nigeria, perhaps because so many committees were not active at the time of the study. Girls widely reported violence in the study, but action was either not taken or was rarely in the best interests of the girls. There are troubling silences, gender, generation and school-community gaps in responding to the needs of girls in school. Two new composite gender indicators, developed for the Transforming Education for Girls project, shed new light on issues of gender and schooling: the gender profile score (measures girls opportunities and outcomes relative to boys using enrolment, attendance, progression and attainment data) and the gender management profile score (measures teacher training, school outreach, SMC training and monitoring).
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Transforming education for girls in Nigeria: : Baseline research summary report - Unterhalter, Elaine; Heslop, Jo (2011)
The data from the baseline study suggests that TEGINT is working in complex local environments and that the picture of girls’ education is different in particular locations. However, girls identify a number of key obstacles they encounter, and the support given by the school to learning and teaching, progression and exam performance may be an important aspect of helping girls to be clearer about these obstacles and what to do about them. There appear to be important links between girls’ attainment and capacity to reflect with teachers’ qualifications and in-service training. There also appears to be an association with training of parents and girls’ outcomes, suggesting this may be a key focus area. Both areas need further investigation, as do the form of levies charged, and the effects of how schools have worked on aspects of HIV. Several problems were identified with school committees: a lack of training for many, lack of capacity to monitor administrative records, and very few women - both on the committees and involved in making decisions on issues such as school fees or the content of education. The work of the school committees did not seem to have major effects on girls’ outcomes, but this may be partly because many are dysfunctional and when action does take place it may not be strategic or take into account the needs and rights of girls. The relationship between girls’ aspiration and understanding of change and processes associated with school organisation and management is a key area for further research and action. There were concerning levels of violence reported and little knowledge by school communities, girls or their parents about what steps to take. There appeared to be some association between gender-based violence and the imposition of school fees, as some girls reported being forced to engage in transactional sex for school fees. While early marriage was mentioned by all groups as a matter of concern, more needs to be known about how and why this is practised, and what it tells us about gender relations and schooling. The study confirms the importance of further investigation into working in a sustained and strategic way at multiple levels with teachers, parents, Village Heads, school committees, communities and girls themselves to transform the education of girls. It highlights the importance of looking at both in-school and out-of-school factors to bring about significant change for gender equality.
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Transforming education for girls in Tanzania: : Baseline research summary report - Unterhalter, Elaine; Heslop, Jo (2011)
The data from the baseline study suggests that TEGINT is working in complex local environments in which educational and socio-economic contexts vary considerably. However, girls identify a number of common obstacles to education, and the support given by the school to learning and teaching, progression and exam performance is an important aspect of helping girls to be more aware and articulate about these obstacles and how to overcome them. The generation gap between girls, members of the SMC and VEOs, is an important area for further discussion and work. The relationship between girls? aspiration and understanding of change and a number of processes associated with school organisation is a key area for further research and action. There appear to be important links between girls? attainment and capacity to reflect and teachers? qualifications, outlook, and their work in classroom. There also appears to be an association with the outreach work by SMCs and the presence of women in those organisations. Both areas need further investigation, as do the form of levies charged, and the effects of how schools have worked on aspects of HIV. The findings suggest that working to improve teaching and learning in school is as important as working to support extra-curricular activities like girls? clubs. The baseline study confirms the importance of further investigation into the form of working in a sustained and strategic way at multiple levels with teachers, parents, VEOs, school management committees, communities and girls themselves to transform the education of girls. It highlights the importance of looking at both in-school and out of school factors to bring about significant change for gender equality.
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Near Real-Time Disturbance Detection in Terrestrial Ecosystems Using Satellite Image Time Series: Drought Detection in Somalia - Verbesselt, Jan; Zeileis, Achim; Herold, Martin (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
Near real-time monitoring of ecosystem disturbances is critical for addressing impacts on carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and socio-ecological processes. Satellite remote sensing enables cost-effective and accurate monitoring at frequent time steps over large areas. Yet, generic methods to detect disturbances within newly captured satellite images are lacking. We propose a generic time series based disturbance detection approach by modelling stable historical behaviour to enable detection of abnormal changes within newly acquired data. Time series of vegetation greenness provide a measure for terrestrial vegetation productivity over the last decades covering the whole world and contain essential information related land cover dynamics and disturbances. Here, we assess and demonstrate the method by (1) simulating time series of vegetation greenness data from satellite data with different amount of noise, seasonality and disturbances representing a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems, (2) applying it to real satellite greenness image time series between February 2000 and July 2011 covering Somalia to detect drought related vegetation disturbances. First, simulation results illustrate that disturbances are successfully detected in near real-time while being robust for seasonality and noise. Second, major drought related disturbance corresponding with most drought stressed regions in Somalia are detected from mid 2010 onwards and confirm proof-of-concept of the method. The method can be integrated within current operational early warning systems and has the potential to detect a wide variety of disturbances (e.g. deforestation, flood damage, etc.). It can analyse in-situ or satellite data time series of biophysical indicators from local to global scale since it is fast, does not depend on thresholds or definitions and does not require time series gap filling.
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Higher education and the poor in South Africa - Villiers, Pierre de (2011)
CITATION: De Villiers, P. 2011. Higher Education and the Poor in South Africa. Unpublished paper delivered at The Economic Society of South Africa. 7 September, Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch University.
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A conversation on teenage desire with teenage girls and boys at Waterford Kamhlaba School in Swaziland - Vletter, Boniswa de (Agenda, 2011)
Guest Editor's comment: I find it interesting that the girls associate desire with something that is forbidden, while the boys seem to see it in terms of material wants. What comes to your mind whe...
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INFLUENCE OF GENDER ROLES ON STUDENTS PURSUING MODULE II PROGRAMS IN KENYAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES. - Wainaina, Michael (2011)
Module II programs in Kenyan Public Universities have grown over the last ten years giving expanded access to many Kenyans hitherto unable to access higher education. Since the programs are being offered in an educational setting with already well documented gender disparities, this paper argues that research focus in higher education needs to be directed to the gender trends in Module II programs, to ensure that the gender is not relegated to the periphery of the discourse surrounding Module II programs. Neglecting the gender angle may lead to an undesirable situation where Module II programs will perpetuate the gender disparities that currently characterize the educational sector, or worse still, create new ones that will diminish or undermine any gains that could have been made towards gender parity in tertiary and other levels of education The paper thus reports groundbreaking research that seeks to call attention to the implications of gender in Module II programs,. The paper explores how the traditional gender roles influence students enrolled in the programs. Two public Universities were sampled through stratified random sampling and data collected from students undertaking courses under the Module II program. Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data. The paper demonstrates that gender roles influence both men and women in different ways, making it necessary for Universities to consider gender barriers while advertising and mounting Module II programs.
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Screening for drought resistance in large seeded common bean in Kenya - Wambugu, J. M.; Narla, R D; Ombaka, J. O.; Kimani, P. M.; Mburu, Mary W. K. (2011)
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Diversification of educational provision and school-to-work transitions in rural Mali - Weyer, Frédérique (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
Based on an approach focusing on actors and in particular on educational trajectories, this paper analyses the effects of diversification of educational provision on inequalities in rural Mali. It shows that there are considerable gaps in the skills acquired by students, including within formal education. These gaps are perceived as illegitimate by education stakeholders. The skills developed though the familial apprenticeship – which is simultaneous with schooling – play a prominent role in workplace integration. At the same time, the skills acquired through schooling are put into practice for productive activities. Consequences of these results for education policies are also analyzed.
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The behavioral consequence and functional neuroanatomy of social learning in male Syrian hamsters - Yu, Wei-Chun; Chang, Chia‐Yuan; Kuo, Ming-Tsung; Lai, Wen-Sung (Neuroscience Research, 2011)
This work investigates the secrecy performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system that operates in the presence of cooperating eavesdroppers. The multi-antenna access point’s transmission is used for information-decoding by a multi-antenna node and for energy-harvesting (EH) by multiple single-antenna nodes. However, some of the nodes authorized for EH only attempt to eavesdrop on the ongoing information transmission by utilizing a generalized on–off power splitting architecture. We derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability of the considered Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Multiple-Eavesdroppers system. Theoretical and simulation results are provided to validate the derived results.
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The Provision of Basic Levels of Computer Literacy and Education to the Neediest Community in South Africa - Ziphorah, Ramorola Mmankoko (International journal for e-learning security, 2011)
Computer literacy plays an increasingly important role to people's lives and to socioeconomic development.Computer is a technology that has emerged, and globally been adopted quickly.It is important that computer literacy and education be part of the curriculum for children in all parts of the world, in order to bridge the digital divide.Unfortunately, many South Africans, especially in disadvantaged communities and townships have never interacted with a computer before and the majority of children are growing up in a computer illiterate environment.This paper reports on the results of a case study conducted in an urban township of South Africa.The study investigates the teaching and learning strategies that children aged between eight and thirteen years used to acquire basic levels of computer literacy and education in a minimal way.I outlined the teaching and learning strategies in South Africa with relation to the Indian minimally invasive education.I report the results of a qualitative study, in which some of my participants were computer illiterate.My results support the view that a computer can provide equal opportunity and required context to children from all types of socioeconomic and cultural background to achieve basic levels of literacy and education.
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Pollution effect of pit latrines on shallow wells at Isale-Igbehin community, Abeokuta, Nigeria - Adejuwon; Joseph, Osnick; Adeniyi; David, Otto (2011)
The study examined the pollution effect of pit latrine on shallow wells at Isale-Igbehin community, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The study was carried out in September, 2007. Both the bacteriological and physiochemical components of the water were analyzed. These include the total coliform count, fecal coliform, taste, odour, colour, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, total hardness, total alkalinity, total titratable acidity, chloride and nitrate. The samples were analyzed using titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Correlation analysis was applied as part of analytical tool in this study. Findings showed that all the 12 samples tested positive to coliform count while 5 of the samples tested positive to fecal coliform. Half of the samples produced foul odour as 4 samples tasted sour. Most of the physico-chemical parameters fell within World Health Organization and European Union permissible standard for potable water. Significant relationship exists between the bacteriological and some of the physico-chemical parameters. The polluted water in most of the locations is capable of resulting in health problems, therefore not good for human consumption. Key words: Pollution, pit latrine, shallow well, bacterial, potable water.
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Students’ preparedness to integrate Information and Communication Technology tools and resources for the learning of Organic Chemistry concepts in the District of Masvingo, Zimbabwe - Bhukuvhani, Crispen; Zezekwa, Nicholas; Sunzuma, Gladys (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2011)
ABSTRACT Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools form an important component in the teaching-learning process. The research surveyed 100 A' Level students' views on the availability of ICT tools and resources and their preparedness in terms of computer literacy to successfully integrate ICT resources in learning organic chemistry concepts. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data complemented by in-depth interviews and in-situ observations. Data collected was analysed using SPSS Version 15 to find frequencies of commonly held views. The study revealed students had no ready access to computers. Computer usage for learning purposes and other uses was relatively low. Schools had no Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) software. However, the students agreed to a larger extent that integrating ICT in teaching and learning of Chemistry enhances conceptual understanding of Organic Chemistry. The researchers recommend that it must not only be the role of the teacher to encourage for the increased use of ICT tools but all stakeholders (parents, government, industry) to realise fruits from this noble endeavour. Keywords: ICT Integration, ICT Tools, Organic Chemistry, Advanced Level INTRODUCTION Bell (1973), Reich (1991), and Toffler (1980) cited in Reigeluth (1995) have identified several massive changes that today's society has undergone, from the agrarian age to the industrial age, and now the information age. These drastic changes have certainly affect today's education systems at various levels (Goktas and Yildrim, 2003). The need to incorporate Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into education is now inescapable (Goktas and Yildrim, 2003). In this context, integration of ICT into education is a critical issue. ICT has had a critical role in enhancing the quality of education. The role of ICT is to serve education in particular, by helping students to learn and teachers to perform their teaching profession more effectively (Goktas and Yildrim, 2003). It is also important to note that despite the abundance of these technologies, effective use of them is a critical issue. In Zimbabwe, Advanced Level ('A' Level) is a two-year secondary education course (i.e. fifth and sixth years of secondary school education) equivalent to grades 11-12 in South Africa or AS Level in Britain. Chemistry is believed to be a challenging discipline at TV Level by many people. Erduran and Scerri (2003) noted that ?' Level Chemistry students experience difficulties with many Chemistry sub-disciplines which include among others inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and physical chemistry. Erduran and Scerri (2003) provide an insight into how an understanding of the structure of chemical knowledge could improve teaching and learning in the subject. Some concepts need to be developed in a linear manner as in organic chemistry, but in inorganic chemistry there may be no clear relationship between the concepts under study. As a result organic chemistry has troubled many teachers and students. Green (2002) in her study analysed the content of chemistry sub-disciplines and revealed that there is a difficulty in methodology and approaches of teaching organic chemistry concepts. Consequently, 'A' Level examiners' reports, have also reported on poor performance in organic chemistry questions, (e.g. UCLES 1993; UCLES 1994; UCLES 1997; UCLES 1998; UCLES 1999a; UCLES 1999b; UCLES 2000a; UCLES 2000b; UCLES 2001a; UCLES 2001b; UCLES 2004a; UCLES 2004b; ZIMSEC 2005). This has pointed to a pedagogical issue that has prompted the need for and provides an opportunity to look at the art of teaching and learning of organic chemistry at ?' Level. It is an indisputable fact that the learning of chemistry is very dependent on the use of student-centred methods, participatory methods and problem solving approaches for both theoretical and practical lessons (Skemp, 1987; Jaji, 1994). Integrating computers into the teaching and learning of organic chemistry can go a long way in solving the above problem, since it is an alternative approach available to the teachers and students in the study of chemistry (Anderson 2002; Gyongyosi 2005). …
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Schooling Citizens: Education, Citizenship, And Democracy In Mali - Bleck, Jaimie (2011)
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An assessment of the effect of industrial pollution on Ibese River, Lagos, Nigeria. - Eruola, A. O.; Ufoegbune, G. C.; Awomeso, J. A.; Adeofun, C. O.; Idowu, O. A.; Abhulimen, SI (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)
This paper deals with pollution aspect of environmental management and monitoring of the river for its sustainable development. The water quality assessment of Ibese River, which is the principal river of the Igbogbo Abayeku Areas of Ikorodu in Lagos, was performed. Assessment was undertaken according to different physical and chemical parameters including biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, acidity, total hardness (TH), grease content, major cation and anion, and some heavy metals. Results showed that the river, which was of good water quality at its upstream, in terms of the aforementioned parameters, becomes progressively polluted by the waste materials discharged along its course. A general downstream trend of increase in organic and inorganic pollution was declared. Thus, Ibese River currently faces a number of serious environmental and ecological challenges. Urbanization and industrialization of the watershed at Ibese area in Ikorodu contributed to the water quality deterioration with regional consequences on the aquatic ecosystem and on the health of the downstream’s user groups. This synergetic effect is of concern for the sustainable use of the resources. Key words: Nigeria, Ibese River, water pollution, major cation and anion, heavy metals, water quality deterioration.
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Editorial introduction: Doctoral education in South Africa - research and policy - Herman, Chaya (Perspectives in Education, 2011)
From text: The doctorate has a long history in South Africa. The first doctorate was in law and was awarded at the University of the Cape of Good Hope in 1899 to William Alison Macfadyen. Since then, South African universities have awarded nearly 30.000 PhD degrees, about two-thirds of which in the past two decades. Despite this long history, doctoral education in South Africa has been an unknown phenomenon, mostly conducted behind closed doors, as a private affair between the doctoral student and a supervisor. Knowledge about the doctorate was anecdotal and informal. Furthermore, until the late 1980s, such education in South Africa was the privilege of elite, white, mostly male students.
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Infection prevention training of trained birth attendants and nurse supervisors in primary health centres in rural Cameroon - Kakute, Nwenfu Peter; Meyer, Dorothy J; Gobte, Nkwan Jacob (International Journal of Infection Control, 2011)
The Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board (CBCHB) Life Abundant Primary health care program (LAP) received the 2010 IFIC-Covidien Grant. The primary project objectives were (1) to provide infection prevention training to Trained Birth Attendants (TBAs) who deliver women in rural Primary Health Centres (PHC) and to Nurse Supervisors who supervise and monitor the medical and maternity care provided in the PHCs, and (2) to implement pilot infection prevention programs in 5 PHCs. The training pre-test showed that 15% of the TBAs had adequate knowledge of infection prevention. Upon completion of the training, 82.5% of TBAs exhibited adequate knowledge of infection prevention on the post-test. The Nurse Supervisor’s knowledge also increased from 54.5% having adequate knowledge on the pre-test to 100% upon the post-test. Infection Prevention Pilot Programs were implemented in 5 PHCs with each PHC maintaining appropriate infection prevention practices and equipment/supplies after 6 months. Introduction Cameroon is a country in sub-Saharan Africa with a population estimated at more than 19.5 million (2009).1 It consists of many tribal groups, each with its own unique language and culture. The climate varies with the terrain, from tropical forests along the coasts to semiarid and hot in the north. It is estimated that 56% of deliveries occur in rural areas of Cameroon with 44.2% of rural women delivered by skilled birth attendants.2 In 2008, the Cameroon maternal mortality ratio was estimated to be 705 per 100,000 live births with an Infant mortality Rate of 74 per 1000 live births.3 Corresponding author Dorothy J. meyer 7409 Bullion Hill Road, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA email: DotJmeyer@aol.com
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Combating Climate Change in Uganda - Kasimbazi, Emmanuel (2011)
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Relative importance of common bean attributes and variety demand in the drought areas of Kenya - Katungi, Enid; Sperling, Louise; Karanja, David; Farrow, Andrew; Beebe, Steve (Journal of development and agricultural economics, 2011)
The analysis assessed the relative importance of production and consumption attributes to different wealth groups of households and tested the effect of attribute preference and that of other factors on common bean variety demand in the drought areas of Eastern Kenya. Variety demand was conceptualized within the agricultural household framework and attributes were incorporated into the model according to the Lancaster (1966) consumer theory. Empirical analysis was based on primary data collected from two districts of Eastern Kenya using the stated preference and revealed preference methods. A factor analysis was used to cluster a set of common bean variety attributes that are highly preferred by households into those related to consumption flavour and yield related characteristics. The effect of consumption and production attributes and those of other factors were estimated through applying ordinary least squares regression. The study findings reveal that varietal adaptation to environmental stresses should also strive to reduce the cooking time as well as enhance the keeping quality and grain colour for better benefits to the poor but trade-offs are feasible. Prioritizing the improvement of production attributes as a short term goal seems an efficient strategy when multi-attribute based breeding is a long process. Key words: Common bean, relative importance of variety attributes, variety demand, drought areas, Eastern Kenya.
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Teacher evaluation of the Principal’s leadership characteristics related to computer studies implementation in Rongo District, Kenya - Makewa, Lazarus Ndiku; Role, Elizabeth; Nyamboga, Richard (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the principal’s leadership characteristics related to computer studies implementation in selected secondary schools in Rongo district, Kenya. The study investigated the principal’s computer proficiency and attitude towards the computer studies in their schools. This study adopted a comparative descriptive research design which compared the variables influencing the implementation of computer studies in schools that were teaching computer studies and those that were not. Twelve selected secondary schools participated in this study of which six (6) had implemented and six (6) had not implemented computer studies. One hundred and forty three (143) teachers sampled from the 12 secondary schools took part in the principals’ evaluation. The data for the study was collected using questionnaires and were subsequently analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The analyzed data was presented in form of tables. It was then interpreted and findings were highlighted. The teachers of the schools that have not implemented computer studies have higher evaluation of the risktaking leadership characteristics of their Principals than the teachers of the schools which have implemented computer studies. However, the Principals of both schools have similar teacher evaluation of their computer proficiency and attitude toward computer studies. These findings imply that computer studies implementation in secondary schools does not necessarily depend on leadership or personal characteristics. Possible further research areas related to technology leadership are suggested: the influence of contextual factors on leadership, technology leadership as viewed from perspectives of different stakeholders, and relationships among various leadership factors.
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Girls' Education as a Means or End of Development? A Case Study of Gender and Education Policy Knowledge and Action in the Gambia - Manion, Caroline (2011)
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Strategies to retain and motivate employees in Africa: Examining the case of the ministry of education in Zambia - Masaiti, Gift; Naluyele, Pamela Nachona (African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2011)
This research paper analyzes the employee’s perception on incentives and motivation for the employees of the ministry of education (MOE) in Zambia. Concerns about educator turnover and attrition are reported widely as a global phenomenon. The study mainly followed a qualitative and was supplemented with quantitative designs. A self administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (n = 436) employees in the ministry of education. The results showed that a large portion of the respondents 308 (70.6%) perceived their job as routine and less satisfying. Perception of recognition programs and rewards, in terms of pay checks, benefits and non-monetary rewards seemed to be high among the respondents, 336 (77.0%) agreed to the use of recognition programs as a form of retention. The paper highly recommends that policy makers during the policy making process should carry out consultations in form of dialogue among identifiable employee groups. Each category of workers should come up with proposals concerning the forms of recognition and rewards they would want to receive. By so doing, employees will feel motivated and own the decisions through the bottom up approach. Key words: Zambia, Ministry of education, retain, motivate, incentives.
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KENYAN CIVIC EDUCATION: A SOURCE OF EMPOWERMENT? - Mburu, Wangui Janet (2011)
Guided primarily by critical constructivism as the theoretical framework, this dissertation examines the extent to which civic education in Kenya creates dialogic spaces where issues of social difference, peace and democracy are addressed. The participants of the study included four history and government teachers; four Form 1 classes; principals of the two high schools and one curriculum developer. History and government was selected because one of the course‟s objectives is to develop responsible and active citizens who would participate in fostering peace and democracy. In this study, peace is conceptualized as the absence of both direct and structural violence, and democracy is conceived, not merely as majority rule, but as exercising one‟s opinions where citizens‟ contributions influence decisions and have control over public policies that govern their lives. Using observations, interviews and document analysis, the study focuses on pedagogical practices, educators‟ and students‟ views about civic education in two public schools in Nairobi. The two sites were selected because the students came from diverse social and ethnic backgrounds and the schools offered co-education. Therefore, the schools‟ student demographics provided the kind of social differences that are the focus of this study. In the analysis, attention was paid to the official curriculum and the way teachers enacted the curriculum to foster peace and social justice. Findings indicate that although the official
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Factors affecting the training of farm workers in Free State Province, South Africa - Mmbengwa, Victor; Botes, Lucius; Gundidza, M. B.; Nephawe, Khathutshelo Agree; Maiwashe, Norman (Journal of development and agricultural economics, 2011)
Farm workers are amongst the workers that are central to the productivity and efficiency of food production. Food and agricultural sector in South Africa cannot achieve their global competitiveness without a properly skilled and technologically wise farm workforce. In order for this sector to effectively prevent food insecurity in South Africa and in Southern African Development Communities (SADC), famers and other stakeholders needs to prioritize farm workers’ training programme. This study examined the training gaps that exist within the farm worker communities in Free State Province, South Africa. The research was carried out in three different regions of the aforementioned Province. An intensive investigation incorporating desktop studies, qualitative and quantitative research methodologies revealed that the absence of dedicated training institute, sponsors and training programs limit the farm workers’ human capital development. It was also revealed that there is a significantassociation (P<0.10) between training and funding of farm workers. To unlock the economic marginalization of these farm workers, the study recommends that training facilities aim at empowering farm workers should be within their reach. A properly designed and supported farm worker training programmes with a particular emphasizes on managerial training, agro-processing and value addition of agro-products be canvassed. Key words: Skills, development, farm, workers, training, Free State.
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Factors prompting pupils' academic performance in privately owned Junior High Schools in Accra, Ghana - Okyerefo, Michael Perry Kweku; Fiaveh, Daniel Yaw; Naa, Steffi; Lamptey, Linford Odartey (International journal of sociology and anthropology, 2011)
The increasing poor performance of most public schools in Ghana has made the task of Government in meeting Basic Education needs a daunting one. This study, therefore, examined, from the perspectives of pupils and teachers/heads of schools in three selected privately owned Junior High Schools in Accra, the influencing factors on their higher academic performance as compared to public schools. Findings from this study could serve as a blueprint for improving academic performance in publicly owned Junior High Schools in Ghana. Overall, 121 respondents were interviewed using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The study found that parents and role models played a crucial role in pupils’ academic performance. Key words: Academic performance, Junior High Schools, privately owned Junior High Schools, publicly owned Junior High Schools, education.
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Education for maintenance culture in Nigeria: Implications for community development - Olufunke, Adedokun Mary (International journal of sociology and anthropology, 2011)
Infrastructural development is the bedrock of any development in the modern world. However, without a strong maintenance culture, efforts at infrastructural development will amount to nothing. This study looked into the issue of maintenance as practiced by Nigerians. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The survey design used for the study are sample of 120 men and women at various governmental levels which were randomly selected from Oyo State Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Works and Services Ibadan North Local Government and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. A 12-item questionnaire called Maintenance Culture for Development scale was constructed on a four-point Likert-type scale and used for data collection. The data was analyzed using chi-square statistical tool. The result indicated that there was a significant relationship between maintenance of facility and development and that education has a significant impact on maintenance culture. Based on the result, it was recommended that people should be educated and encouraged to adequately and properly maintain facilities in their care so as to facilitate rapid process of development. Key words: Maintenance, culture, infrastructural facilities, development, community.
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Determinants of Exposure to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke (SHS) among Current Non-Smoking In-School Adolescents (aged 11–18 years) in South Africa: Results from the 2008 GYTS Study - Peltzer, Karl (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011)
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) among 6,412 current non-smoking school-going adolescents (aged 11 to 18 years) in South Africa. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008 in South Africa within the framework of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Overall, 25.7% of students were exposed to SHS at home, 34.2% outside of the home and 18.3% were exposed to SHS at home and outside of the home. Parental and close friends smoking status, allowing someone to smoke around you and perception that passive smoking was harmful were significant determinants of adolescent's exposure to both SHS at home and outside of the home. Identified factors can inform the implementation of public health interventions in order to reduce passive smoking among adolescents.
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Information for education policy, planning, management, and accountability in Ghana: Report of findings of the data capacity assessment of Ghana’s education sector, June 2011 - Perry, Heather; Mulcahy-Dunn, Amy; Cummiskey, Christopher; Spratt, Jennifer (2011)
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Foreign Language Teacher Training in the Sudan: Past, Present and Strategies for Future Recruitment Policies - Siddiek, Ahmed Gumaa (International Journal of English Linguistics, 2011)
The qualifying of teachers secures the attainment of the national educational objectives, but to achieve these goals, strict criteria about teacher quality must be utilized.However, it is quite clear that whatever measures are to be adopted to deal with these educational issues, it is always the teachers who will have to put these objectvies into reality.This paper is suggesting some ideas to improve the teaching profession.The recent recruitment policy of teachers in the country attracts only the poor achievers, who are unwilling to teach but they aspire to just get a degree.This paper suggests abolishing all colleges of education and encouraging the future teacher to join a one-year training course after s/he has got his/her BA or B.Sc.This policy will attract the willing persons who are serious to take teaching as their profession.Then the candidates can spend this one academic year to be equipped with necessary pedagogical knowledge to qualify to manage his/her classroom efficiently and carry out effective classroom presentation.By this recruitment policy, we can guarantee the sustainability of the process, and that only the willing persons will come to take teaching as their future career.
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Zambian Teachers' Unions in education policy making. - Wauben, J. (2011)
Despite worldwide recognition of the fact that education is one of the most substantial affairs in life, many children lack access to quality education. Quality education begins with decent education policy. In order to improve the quality of education policies, contributions of those working in the field of education, should be encouraged. Under the Sector Wide Approach and later the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, donors brought the concept ‘civil society participation in policy making’ to Zambia. This research is concerned with the participation of Teachers’ Unions in the education policy making process. The description of the degree of participation is based on the ladder of Arnstein. She distinguishes eight rungs, from non participation to participants’ power. The degree of Teachers’ Unions participation in education policy making in Zambia is between these extremes. The participation is mainly placation, in other words: fake participation or symbolic participation. In some stages of the policy cycle, the degree of participation is higher or lower than placation. Besides degrees, there are the different types of participation. Participation of the Teachers’ Unions of Zambia in the education policy making process is both performed alone and performed shared, within a coalition. And the participation is direct, face to face negotiations, and indirect, when other measures to influence the policy are practiced. For the explanation of the degree of participation, the distinction is made between factors that promote or hamper the degree of participation at the level of the government, the level of the Teachers’ Unions and the level of donors. At the level of the government, the factors that can promote or hamper participation, are the level of democracy, and the willingness and capacity of the government. At the level of the Teachers’ Unions, the capacity in terms of institutionalization, legitimacy and concerning the participation process is investigated. The relationship between donors and the government, donors and the Teachers’ Unions, and the activities of donors, are the factors that can determine the degree of participation at the level of donors. The factors hampering most, are the poor level of democracy in Zambia, expressed in limitations of the freedom of speech, and the unwillingness of some government officials. At the level of the Teachers’ Unions, it turned out that they lack legitimacy within their own organization and capacities with regard to the participation process. At the level of donor; donors provide facilities to improve participation.
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The determinants of household education expenditure in Ghana - Donkoh, Samuel A.; Amikuzuno, Joseph (2011)
The role of formal education in the socio-economic development of a country cannot be over-emphasized. It is in this light, that over the years, governments of Ghana and other organizations have supported the education sector in many ways. Despite the efforts, many people think that a lot more can be done, but resources are not unlimited. Against this backdrop, it will be helpful if stakeholders are in the known as to what sections of the populace need urgent support. This is the primary motivation for this study. A logit model was estimated to find out the socio-economic determinants of a household’s probability of spending on education. The data used was the 2006/2007 Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Five (GLSS-V). We found that high education expenditure does not necessarily mean high probability of spending on education. Two categories of households with high probability of education expenditure were identified. The first category consists of households whose heads have formal education, households who own land, vehicles, and other durable assets, as well as households living in the forest belt. The second category includes: female-headed households; households with greater number of children of school going age; rural households; and households living farther away from the nation’s capital. Households in the second category are those that must be targeted for urgent support. Governments support in the form of capitation grant, free feeding and free supply of uniforms and stationery are in the right direction, but this must be stepped up in a sustainable manner. Key words: Education expenditure, households, Logit model.
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Behavior of Shore Protection Structures in Alexandria, Egypt, during the Storm of December 2010 - El-Sharnouby, Bahaa A.; Soliman, Akram (2011)
Recently, December 2010, a severe storm hit Alexandria city, Egypt, and directly attacked its shoreline. Wind gusting to 65 kilometer per hour lasted for about two days creating a deep water wave of a height of 7.5 meter for the first time in the last 100 years. This paper documents the different types of shore protection structures and methods (sand nourishment, revetment, groins, sea walls, emerged and submerged breakwaters) used to protect Alexandria coastline at the area of study and their behavior during this storm. This study concluded that the submerged breakwater used to protect Miami to Montaza beach, east of Alexandria, showed good efficiency concerning wave transmission and shore protection at storm times. It is recommended to apply the submerged offshore rubble mound breakwater and / or submerged offshore artificial reefs, to induce wave breaking and energy dissipation and to limit the wave heights to protect Alexandria coastline.
openalex: W2099308184 mag: 2099308184
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Vulnerability Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Salinity in the Nile Delta Coastal Region—Egypt - Elshinnawy, Ibrahim A.; Abayazid, Hala (2011)
Though gifted with the Nile River, limitation in fresh water resources compared to expanding development activities add pressure to groundwater for fulfilling essential supply in Egypt. Therefore, attention is paid in groundwater management in facing development process pressures as well as initiated extra concerns of climate changes. Being hydraulically connected with the sea, groundwater in coastal aquifer has special water characteristics and flow conditions. This study presents a vulnerability assessment for a study area that acquires a strategic environmental and socio-economic importance, located in the North-Eastern sector of the Nile Delta, with special reference to the impact of Climate Change-related Sea Level Rise (SLR) on salt water intrusion into aquifer. The study tracks changes in sea water intrusion in terms of advancement of saltwater/freshwater interface inland. Analytical methods as well as numerical modeling approaches have been considered for modeling saltwater/freshwater interface behavior. Accordingly, interface dynamics and potential lateral and upward groundwater movements in the region of study in face of predicted SLR in years 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100 have been investigated. Results showed that saltwater/freshwater interface advancement of 35 meters by year 2025, 180 meters in 2050, 509 meters in 2075, and 1065.8 m by year 2100 are predicted within the study area as a result of projected climate change and SLR; if no adaptation measures are implemented. While considering ground levels, soil characteristics and land-use patterns, vulnerability analysis for the study area highlighted particular sub-regions at risk within the study area as being more susceptible to difficulties and deserves priority in precautionary management actions. In view of the concluded results, a review of prospective adaptation measures to be considered for alleviating adverse impact of Climate Change-related SLR are discussed in order to safeguard socio-economic assets and environmental state. However, it is recommended to investigate potential effectiveness and viability of alternative measures with periodic monitoring.
openalex: W2315256551 mag: 2315256551
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Transforming Education and Development Policies for Pastoralist Communities in Kenya through the Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems - Ogachi, Ibrahim Oanda (2011)
openalex: W2232770169 mag: 2232770169
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The Foundations of Adult Education in Africa - Robinson, Petra A. (Journal of European Industrial Training, 2011)
openalex: W1548144095 mag: 1548144095
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Predictors of emergency contraceptive use among Regular Female Students at Adama University, Central Ethiopia - Tilahun, Faten Dejene; Assefa, Tsion; Belachew, Tefera (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
One of the key interventions to reduce unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion outlined in the national youth strategy is availability of emergency contraception. However, there are no studies which document emergency contraception use and the factors influencing the use of emergency contraceptives among university girls in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to assess emergency contraception use and its predictor factors among regular female students at Adama University.A cross-sectional study was conducted during the month of February 2009, among randomly selected 660 female students of Adama University Central Ethiopia. Data were collected through pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify variables predicting emergency contraception use.One hundred ninety four (29.4%) students were sexually active and 63 (9.4%) had a previous history of pregnancy. And most of the pregnancies (92%) were unintended. Majority (77.7%) of pregnancies were terminated by way of induced abortions carried out by untrained persons. Only 26.7% of those who had unprotected sex used emergency contraception. Lack of knowledge, fear of being seen by others, and inconvenient service delivery were pointed out as the main reasons for not using emergency contraceptives. Previous use of contraceptives (AOR: 1.953; 95% CI = 1.72- 6.345), being married (AOR: 9.254; 95% CI = 2.538-20.73) and age of 20 years and above (AOR: 2.372; 95% CI = 1.102-7.246) were significant predictors use of emergency contraception, while poor knowledge of emergency contraception was a significant predictor of non-use of emergency contraception (AOR: 0.09; 95% CI = 0.041-0.189).The study pointed out the need for increasing the knowledge of university-going young women about emergency contraception, and the need for availing youth friendly reproductive health services to promote preventive behavior.
openalex: W1992712525 mag: 1992712525
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Chronic Hepatosplenomegaly in African School Children: A Common but Neglected Morbidity Associated with Schistosomiasis and Malaria - Wilson, Shona; Vennervald, Birgitte J.; Dunne, David W. (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2011)
Chronic hepatosplenomegaly, which is known to have a complex aetiology, is common amongst children who reside in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Two of the more common infectious agents of hepatosplenomegaly amongst these children are malarial infections and schistosomiasis. The historical view of hepatosplenomegaly associated with schistosomiasis is that it is caused by gross periportal fibrosis and resulting portal hypertension. The introduction of ultrasound examinations into epidemiology studies, used in tandem with clinical examination, showed a dissociation within endemic communities between presentation with hepatosplenomegaly and ultrasound periportal fibrosis, while immuno-epidemiological studies indicate that rather than the pro-fibrotic Th2 response that is associated with periportal fibrosis, childhood hepatosplenomegaly without ultrasound-detectable fibrosis is associated with a pro-inflammatory response. Correlative analysis has shown that the pro-inflammatory response is also associated with chronic exposure to malarial infections and there is evidence of exacerbation of hepatosplenomegaly when co-exposure to malaria and schistosomiasis occurs. The common presentation with childhood hepatosplenomegaly in rural communities means that it is an important example of a multi-factorial disease and its association with severe and subtle morbidities underlies the need for well-designed public health strategies for tackling common infectious diseases in tandem rather than in isolation.
openalex: W2001818858 mag: 2001818858
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Bilingual Education in Africa: An Overview (2011)
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Constructing Elites in Kenya: Implications for Classroom Language Practices in Africa (2011)
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Literacies In and Out of School in South Africa (2011)
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Policy, Practice and Power: Language Ecologies of South African Classrooms (2011)
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Second and Foreign Language Learning in South Africa (2011)
openalex: W4241084738
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Innovative Second and Foreign Language Education in the Middle East and North Africa - Al‐Khatib, Mahmoud A. (2011)
openalex: W207867949 mag: 207867949
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Cerebral hydatidosis, a rare clinical entity in Ethiopian teaching hospitals: case series and literature review. - Assefa, Getachew; Biluts, Hagos; Abebe, Mekdess; Birahanu, MH (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2011)
Background: Cerebral hydatidosis (CH) is a rare disease and unlike other body organs cerebral involvement is very uncommon and if it occurred it is often seen in pediatric patients. The aim of the study is to show the clinical and imaging features and neurosurgical outcome of CH in East African setup. Methods: Chart and imaging (MRI, CT, US) review of four intra-operatively proven cerebral hydatidosis, three pediartric and one adult, patients was made. Results: There were 3 pediatric cases between the age of 5 and 10 years, 2 female and 1 one male, and an adult, 29year, with cerebral hydatidosis. All of them presented with hemiparesis, nausea and vomiting and one of the pediatric patients presented in addition to the aforementioned with visual loss and seizure. All of the patients came from rural south Ethiopia (Arsi and Bale) except the adult patient but who used to live his childhood in same area came from an urban town (Dire Dawa), South East of the country. All had history of contact with pet animals (dogs). On imaging (CT and MRI) done with and without contrast there were solitary cerebral cysts with and without daughter cysts in each of the patients measuring between 6x5cm minimum and 11x11cm maximum. Two patients images showed post contrast rim enhancement with peri-lesional edema and likely to be infected cases, and the other two patients showed no enhancement and are likely to be non-infected. One of the pediatric patients had postoperative recurrence of hydatid and adjacent brain abscess and was re-operated and the cyst was removed and the abscess drained. All had uneventful postoperative recovery except one of the pediatric patient who had postoperative recurrence and brain abscess who had residual visual impairment and chronic seizure disorder. Conclusion: Extra cerebral Hydatidosis is endemic and common in rural Ethiopian and East African settings and therefore clinicians and in particular radiologists should be aware of cerebral hydatidosis, especially in a pediatric population, if imaging reveals spherical brain cysts.
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The van Hiele levels of understanding of students entering senior high school in Ghana - Baffoe, Eric Yaw; Mereku, Damian Kofi (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2011)
This study was an attempt to measure the Van Hiele levels of geometric thought attained by SHS 1 students on entering Senior High School in Ghana. In all, 188 SHS Form 1 students from two schools were involved in this study. These students were given the Van Hiele Geometry Test adapted from the ‘Cognitive Development and Achievement in Secondary School Geometry Test’ items and an aptitude test, both in the fourth week of their entry to the SHS. The results showed that 59% of the students attained Van Hiele level 1. Out of 59%, 11% reached level 2 and only 1% reached level 3 by the theory. This indicates that the Van Hiele level of understanding of (i.e. over 90%) Ghanaian students before entering SHS is lower than that of their colleagues other countries.Keywords: van Hiele levels, geometric thinking, secondary school geometry
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Wax Impaction in Nigerian School Children. - Eziyi, J.A.E.; Amusa, Y B; Nwawolo, C C; Ezeanolue, BC (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2011)
Background: Impacted wax has been classified as an ear disease. It can cause pain, itching, tinnitus hearing loss or otitis externa. The prevalence of cerumen impaction varies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted ear wax in primary school children and to determine, if there is any association between socioeconomic status and the occurrence of wax impaction among these school children. Methods: A multi-staged stratified sampling technique was used to select 630 pupils from 15 primary schools in Ile-Ife using the Local Education Authority (LEA) list for common entrance code as the sampling frame. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered on each selected pupil with clarification from parent/ guardian where necessary and were examined. Each pupil was placed in the upper, middle and lower socioeconomic class based on Oyedeji’s classification. Results: Three hundred and one (47.8%) were females and three hundred and twenty-nine (52.2%) were males. Forty-two point two percent (42.2%) of the pupils were from the lower socioeconomic class, 31.6% (199) were from the middle class and 26.6% (164) were from the upper class. Wax impaction had a prevalence of 46.7% and significantly higher in the lower socioeconomic status (p=0.036). Conclusion: Wax impaction is a problem amongst Nigerian primary school children. There is a significant relationship between wax impaction and low socioeconomic status. Regular otoscopy of school children is being advocated for early detection and subsequent treatment to prevent the attendant problem of hearing impairment which leads to poor school performance.
openalex: W1550713637 mag: 1550713637
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Applying mathematics in real-life problems: A case study of two senior high schools in Ghana - Fletcher, JA (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2011)
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent to which senior high school students could apply mathematics in real life situations by examining the relationship between their performance on “routine” mathematical calculations and that on a “shortwriting” task related to the application of mathematics. It involved thirty boys and thirty girls from two Senior High Schools in Accra, the capital of Ghana in West Africa. All the sixty participants were in Form 1 (SHS1) at the time of the study. Data for the study was collected between June and August 2008 using tasks and interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques were used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed no significant gender differences in the students’ performance on both the routine and the short-writing tasks but showed marked differences between the students’ performance on the routine calculations and that on the short-writing task. The students’ mean score for the routine calculations was significantly higher than their mean score for the short-writing task as the difference between the two mean scores was statistically significant at the 0.1% level. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the students’ performance on the two different tasks. The implications of the results for the teaching and learning of mathematics are discussed.Keywords: problem-solving, application, routine, task-oriented
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Language Policy and Education in Southern Africa - Heugh, Kathleen (2011)
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Nigeria - Lagos Eko Secondary Education Project : P106280 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 04 - Garcia, Marito (2011)
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Eritrea - Eritrea Education Sector Investment Project : P070272 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 20 - Hirshberg, Susan E. (2011)
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Benin - Education For All-Fast Track Initiative Program : P110576 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 08 - Gbaye, Hyacinthe (2011)
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Benin - Education For All-Fast Track Initiative Program : P110576 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 08 - Gbaye, Yacinthe (2011)
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Recent developments in family practice in the UK - can South Africa learn by example? - Magennis, Sharon; Gibbs, Trevor; Hellenberg, Derek (South African Family Practice, 2011)
South Africa is just one of the many countries trying to balance the conflict between the seemingly unlimited demand for health care and the limited resources available. As government and health service managers battle to persuade clinicians to adhere to financial controls, clinicians throughout the system try to produce quality service. Although, historically, doctors have proved remarkably resistant to changing their behavior in response to management pressure, opportunities to bring about effective change do arise. In the United Kingdom, such opportunities have arisen as a result of public and governmental pressures due to medical negligence: 2003 has seen the introduction of radical new interventions that demonstrate a huge commitment of increased resources to primary care and the acceptance by the majority of the United Kingdom's general practitioners of a new contract with tight managerial controls. This paper describes the background that led up to this change and discusses the possible lessons to be learned for South Africa.
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Yemen, Republic of - RY-Second Vocational Training Project : P086308 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 08 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
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Yemen, Republic of - Secondary Education Development and Girls Access Program : P089761 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 07 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
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Analysis and Remediation of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Pollution in Selected Surface Water Bodies of Enugu State of Nigeria - Charles, Campbell; Okorie, Ikechukwu Alexander; Ekanem, E. J.; Kagbu, J. A. (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 2011)
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Factors determining secondary school students' enrolment for commerce and economics in Nairobi and Machakos districts-Kenya - Kilonzo, Paul Muli (2011)
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DETERMINANTS OF PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS TEACHING IN THIKA MUNICIPALITY, KENYA - Kinuthia, Florence Njeri (2011)
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Effect of Selected Marketing Communication Tools on Student Enrolment in Private Universities in Kenya - Messah, Omboi Bernard; Immaculate, Mutali. J. Namulia (European Journal of Business and Management, 2011)
Student recruitment has become competitive; forcing institutions to find efficient, fast and effective means of providing prospective students with information while they are in the process of deciding. The significance of this study is represented by its attempt to identify the effect of selected marketing communication tools in terms of enhancing student enrolment in private universities in Kenya. Independent variables under study are; public relations, advertising, personal selling and direct marketing; the dependent variable is student enrolment. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Correlation was undertaken to determine the relationship between the dependent (student enrolment) and independent variables (public relations, advertising, personal selling, and direct marketing) addressing the effect of selected marketing communication tools on student enrolment in private universities. Probability-simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 125 respondents from 25 private universities in Kenya. Descriptive data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Chi-Square test of significance). Statistical program for social sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The results reveal that print media; newspapers, brochures and alumni networks were rated highly as the most effective marketing communication tools to provide information to prospective students. This is due the wide reach and reliability of these tools. The study found out that advertising plays a critical role in enhancing student enrolment in private universities. The study also found out that most universities have not embraced the use of social networks to use as student recruitment tools. Technological advancements are changing how student recruitment is being conducted in higher learning institutions in targeting the techno-literate prospective students. The study established that internet use through university websites had a high usage rate which was equally indicated by student use in accessing university information. Websites are therefore effective marketing communication tools in enhancing student enrolment numbers. Traditional marketing communication tools like billboards, posters, radio, university newsletters, and alumni magazines were rated as less effective tools to reach and provide information to prospective students in bid to increase student enrolment numbers. It is a descriptive rather than an evaluative study of marketing aspects as practiced by Kenyan private universities. This study therefore is of significance to University management and policy makers to use the study findings to formulate effective student enrolment strategies, product development, forecasting, admissions and recruitment policies, strategic planning process and expansion of academic programmes. The study found out that Public relations influence student enrolment. It is crucial that higher learning institutions understand the perceptions and expectations of students and translate them into marketing activities that would attract and retain students. The need to provide value for money to the students and to be responsive to their needs has necessitated universities in general and marketing units in particular to look beyond marketing paradigms and customer approach in the HE sector. Declaring how their products are positioned against benchmarks and other ratings has already begun in many HEIs. Public Relations, a university's public image and its customer satisfaction index are important aspects in enhancing student enrolment because satisfied and happy clientele speak well of the institution and influence others to enrol with the institution. The study established that apart from an institutions academic excellence, exhibitions and university image are key tools in increasing student enrolment. Several aspects that need to be coordinated among quality assurance departments, academic staff, and the marketing departments in an effort to accomplish these needs. The study recommends that universities top management should incorporate a greater market orientation into their strategic planning and frequently revise marketing communication tools to determine their effectiveness in order to have a competitive advantage and gain a big market share.
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Yemen, Republic of - Yemen: Basic Education Development Program : P076185 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 12 - Miyajima, Tomomi (2011)
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Determinants of enrolment and performance in physics in selected secondary schools in Murang'a district, Kenya - Nderitu, Moses Kariuki (2011)
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Valorising the voice of the marginalised: exploring the value of African music in education - Nompula, Yolisa (South African journal of education, 2011)
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‘We teach plastic lessons to please them’: The influence of supervision on the practice of English language student teachers in Kenya - Ong’ondo, Charles Ochieng’; Borg, Simon (Language teaching research, 2011)
This article analyses the process of supervision by teacher educators and its influence on English language student teachers during a practicum in Kenya. The student teachers were enrolled in a four-year Bachelor of Education course for teaching English at secondary school level. Drawing on the perspectives of teacher educators, co-operating teachers and student teachers, this analysis suggests that supervision was brief and un-coordinated and that the feedback student teachers received was mainly evaluative, directive and focused on general, rather than subject-specific pedagogy. Student teachers’ concerns during the practicum were related largely to pleasing their supervisors and obtaining a pass mark, and this limited the extent to which student teachers developed the pedagogical reasoning that is considered to be the main goal of teaching practice by both the Kenya government and current literature in the field of language teacher education (LTE). This study has implications for the conduct of teaching practice on pre-service language teacher education courses in Kenya and more generally.
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Religion in education in South Africa: was social justice served? - Walt, J.L. Van der (South African Journal of Education, 2011)
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Financial model for projecting educational expenditure for primary schools in Ghana - Acheampong, Monica Owusu (2011)
A project work submitted to the Department of Mathematics, KNUST in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Msc. in Mathematics
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Entrepreneurship Education Curriculum Content for Undergraduate Students in Nigerian Universities - Anene, J. N.; Imam, Hauwa (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
University education in Nigeria, like in other developing countries, is to produce graduates grounded in generic skill and, quality education for the nation's economic development. University curriculum therefore, should reflect research about what works, as opposed to what is popular today or tomorrow. This implies that the curriculum content should enable students to attain the society's expectations, and perhaps most importantly, their needs. This work is an attempt to identify potentially viable skills for curriculum development for entrepreneurship education at undergraduate levels in Nigerian Universities, through providing 66 skills from which 550 undergraduate students of the University of Abuja were tasked to rank. The first twenty most acceptable skills ranked by students was recommended for Universities in Nigeria as the basis upon which they could select entrepreneurship curriculum contents for their students.
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TRAINING ZAMBIAN MIDWIVES IN BASIC NEWBORN CARE SAVES LIVES AND IS COST‐EFFECTIVE - Bond, Sharon (Journal of midwifery & women's health, 2011)
Journal of Midwifery & Women's HealthVolume 56, Issue 5 p. 512-513 Updates from the Literature TRAINING ZAMBIAN MIDWIVES IN BASIC NEWBORN CARE SAVES LIVES AND IS COST-EFFECTIVE Sharon Bond CNM, PhD, Sharon Bond CNM, PhDSearch for more papers by this author Sharon Bond CNM, PhD, Sharon Bond CNM, PhDSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 August 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-2011.2011.00102_1.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume56, Issue5September/October 2011Pages 512-513 ACNM Members ACNM Members: Click here to log in RelatedInformation
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Rwanda Masquerade: Public and Hidden Identity among students in Higher Education - Breemhaar, S. (2011)
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Ethical Issues in Education and Training in Kenya: A Critical Analysis of Teaching Methodology - Githui, Donatus Mathenge (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
The main objective of this paper was to diagnose the ethical and moral issues in the teaching and training modalities offered by higher learning institutions in tune with relevance to entrepreneurship among the graduates in Kenya. The paper sought to explore the success of Vocational education training institutions in Kenya in producing human capitals, with greater emphasis on teaching and training methods. Education is judged on how well the trainees secure formal and informal employment. The paper employed ethical theories such as Virtue ethics, Deontological ethics, Ethical learning and growth and Teleological ethics to build its content. The research involved survey approach to get responses from 20 education and training institutions 50 Lecturers and 200 students, 10 Leading managers and 30 government officers working in different ministries and government agencies in Mt Kenya region. An analysis of the data was carried out using principal component analysis. From the diagnosis of the study, it was found that ethics as a discipline of critical thinking and learning has not been widely integrated in the current training and education system. . It was found that students who undertake ethical and critical thinking are more productive because of the high memory comprehension, retention and awareness of reality. From our recommendation, in order to spur innovation and Invention among trainees in Kenya, so as to develop the spirit of entrepreneurship, then ethical thinking and learning should be integrated in all the training and educational programmes. The findings and recommendations indicated that the research objectives had been achieved.
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Striving for Knowledge and Dignity: How Qur’anic Students in Kano, Nigeria, Learn to Live with Rejection and Educational Disadvantage - Hoechner, Hannah (The European Journal of Development Research, 2011)
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What Does It Mean to Learn Oral and Written English Language: A Case Study of a Rural Kenyan Classroom. - Lisanza, Esther Mukewa (2011)
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Climate Change and the Management of Natural Systems in Cameroon - Ndenecho, Emmanuel Neba (2011)
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Factor influencing performance in chemistry practical work among secondary schools in Nairobi province, Kenya - Orado, Grace N. (2011)
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Free Primary Education in Kenya and its challenges in fighting Illiteracy - Otike, Fredrick; Kiruki, Beatrice W. (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
For a country to realize full economic potential education is paramount. A population with ability to read and write compounded with technology savvy is key ingredients for growth. One of the pillars identified in the MDG is among others universal primary education for all. It is within this pretext that the government of Kenya introduced free primary education in Kenya. The main aim of introducing free primary education was to fight illiteracy; five years down the line a lot of facts still have to be addressed so that the appropriate scheme could be addressed in real time to fight the real problem at hand. Though a noble gesture, it has had its share of challenges and pitfalls. The current study highlights the challenges of free primary education in fighting illiteracy. Some of the challenges identified included Under Staffing, Poor working conditions, inadequate funding, Kenya's primary Education system and acquisition of literacy and Lack of school libraries. The study concludes that a clear policy on FPE implementation that defines the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders must be stipulated. For the program to succeed there must be continuous dialogue with stakeholders such as parents, school committees, and local communities to inform them from the onset of their specific roles in supporting the policy.
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Factors that contribute to students' poor achievement in KCSE biology in secondary schools of Migori District, Kenya - Owiti, Atieno Eunice (2011)
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Application of the Attitude Toward Enterprise (ATE) test on scondary school learners in South Africa - Steenekamp, André Gerard; Merwe, S. P. Van Der; Athayde, Rosemary (South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 2011)
The main aim of this research paper was to discuss the application of the Attitude Toward Enterprise (ATE) Test1 developed by Kingston University, London on secondary school learners in South Africa. A total of 1 748 usable questionnaires were gathered from grade 10 learners in the Sedibeng District and utilised for statistical analysis. Five factors with eigen-values greater than one describing the entrepreneurial attitudes of young learners were extracted during exploratory factor analysis. Tests for reliability and construct correlation produced satisfactory results to recommend the Enterprise Attitude Questionnaire for further use on young learners in South Africa. A comparison of the mean differences between the constructs for demographic variables produced statistically significant differences in a number of instances, but no visible effects or practical significance to suggest that these differences have any effect in practice. Practical recommendations are offered for further employment of the Enterprise Attitude Questionnaire in entrepreneurship research on young learners.
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Challenges of Somali Refugee Girls to Access Primary Education - Wondie, Adane (2011)
Literacy is a human right unequally distributed among world's population. Illiteracy hinders economic prosperity of poorest societies in this digital age. Aware of gender relations influence to girls' access to education, Jomtien Declaration (1990) in its Article Three called for universalizing access and promoting equity nothing that the most urgent priority is to ensure access to, and improve quality of education for girls and women.... There is a need to integrate gender in humanitarian response particularly provision of primary education since women, men, girls and boys have specific needs depending on their social and cultural position. Research findings revealed that Somali pupils' access to primary education in Nakivale is largely influenced by gender relations within households.Although girls and boys dropout for different reasons, girls withdraw from school at an earlier age compared to boys. The study further indicates that value to girls' education among Somali is largely measured against girls' ability to remain sexually pure.
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Blood lead level as biomarker of environmental lead pollution in feral and cultured African catfish (Clarias gariepinus ) - Adeyemo, Olanike K.; Adedeji, Olufemi Bolarinwa; Offor, CC (Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011)
Research has demonstrated a positive link between the presence of lead in freshwater, sediments or food organisms and the onset of sub-lethal effects characterized by neurological defects, kidney dysfunction, endocrine disruption, reproductive/developmental defects, behavioural abnormalities and anemia in demersal aquatic fauna.Considering the significance of haematological parameters as indicators of fish health, this present work assessed the blood lead level (BLL) and haematological parameters of feral and cultured African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Ibadan, a metropolitan city.BLL and haematological parameters of fifty Clarias gariepinus were determined.Each set of ten fish were randomly collected from three different fish ponds and two rivers.BLL was relatively higher in feral fishes than those from fish ponds; while all the haematological parameters (PCV, HB, RBC, MCH, MCV and MCHC) were non-significantly (p<0.05)higher in fishes sourced from cultured environment relative to those from surface water and vice versa for immunological parameters (WBC and differential counts).The BLL observed in this study (0.85 ± 0.38 mg/dl and 0.90 ± 0.6 mg/dl) from cultured and feral fish respectively is indicative of lead pollution of the culture water and environment.The ideal blood lead level is now considered to be zero.Lead pollution of the study area has serious consequences on aquatic fauna and humans who consume such contaminated fish.It is therefore recommended that human and animal health surveillance and environmental monitoring of lead should be initiated.
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The Impact of Socio-Demographic and Religious Factors upon Sexual Behavior among Ugandan University Students - Agardh, Anette; Tumwine, Gilbert; Östergren, Per-Olof (PLOS ONE, 2011)
More knowledge is needed about structural factors in society that affect risky sexual behaviors. Educational institutions such as universities provide an opportune arena for interventions among young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and religious factors and their impact on sexual behavior among university students in Uganda.In 2005, 980 university students (response rate 80%) were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Validated instruments were used to assess socio-demographic and religious factors and sexual behavior. Logistic regression analyses were applied.Our findings indicated that 37% of the male and 49% of the female students had not previously had sex. Of those with sexual experience, 46% of the males and 23% of the females had had three or more sexual partners, and 32% of the males and 38% of the females did not consistently use condoms. For those who rated religion as less important in their family, the probability of early sexual activity and having had a high number of lifetime partners increased by a statistically significant amount (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.4 and OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3, respectively). However, the role of religion seemed to have no impact on condom use. Being of Protestant faith interacted with gender: among those who had debuted sexually, Protestant female students were more likely to have had three or more lifetime partners; the opposite was true for Protestant male students.Religion emerged as an important determinant of sexual behavior among Ugandan university students. Our findings correlate with the increasing number of conservative religious injunctions against premarital sex directed at young people in many countries with a high burden. of HIV/AIDS. Such influence of religion must be taken into account in order to gain a deeper understanding of the forces that shape sexual behavior in Uganda.
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Internet Web Communication Technology (WCT) and Information Communication Technology (ICT) Development and Use for Veterinary Medicine Education in Nigeria (2000 -2009) - Babalobi, Olutayo Olajide (Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011)
Internet web communication technology (WCT) usage inNigeria has increased tremendously over the last decade.Veterinary education and practices in Nigeria have also profited largely from advances in internet WCT mainly, in last two decade.Veterinary Medicine Electronic Journals such as Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA), African Journal Online (AJOL), and Health Information Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) are available free online.In particular, the (the official email group of the Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association NVMA), the interactive electronic mail communication network for members of the Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), has greatly stimulated Nigerian Veterinarians worldwide to active utilization of Internet WCT.The phenomenal increase in internet usage in education is attributable to massive collaborative support by such funding body as the MacArthur Foundation, working along other partners in the project "Partnership for Higher Education in Africa (PHEA)".Contrarily, the level of ICT use in Nigerian education system, including veterinary medicine education, is still very low, with an estimated 90% of Nigeria's educational institutions still at the emerging/infancy stage due to low funding, paucity of ICT infrastructure, irregular and low quality power supply and high cost of ownership of ICT facilities including the capital and operational costs.There is a pertinent need to focus research into and actively promote the usage of ICT in enhancing research and education in developing countries, with collaborative funding by International Organizations.
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Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors for Functional Low Vision in Nigeria: Results from the National Survey of Blindness and Visual Impairment - Entekume, Gabriel; Patel, Jaymini; Selvaraj, Sudhakar; Gilbert, Clare; Ezelum, Christian; Murthy, Gudlavalleti V S; Rabiu, Mansur (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2011)
To estimate prevalence and describe causes of functional low vision (FLV) among a nationally representative sample of Nigerian adults, assess socioeconomic risk factors, and estimate the number of adults in Nigeria who might benefit from low vision assessment or rehabilitation services.Multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size procedures were used to identify a nationally representative sample of 15,027 persons aged 40 years or older. Distance vision was measured using a reduced logMAR tumbling E-chart. All participants with presenting acuity of <6/12 in one or both eyes had their corrected acuity measured and underwent detailed clinical examination to determine the cause. FLV was defined as best corrected vision <6/18 in the better eye, after excluding those with no light perception in both eyes and those with treatable causes. Analysis took account of the clustered design.In all, 13,591 individuals were examined in 305 clusters (response rate, 89.9%). The crude prevalence of FLV was 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.1-3.9%). This was lower than the prevalence of blindness, which was 4.2%. Glaucoma was the most common cause and age the most important risk factor. There are estimated to be approximately 5000 adults with FLV per million population and 340 who are totally blind. Only 9.3% of those with FLV were of working age and literate.These are the first data on the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for FLV from Africa. Results support studies from Asia that the prevalence of FLV is lower than previously thought. Because the majority of adults with FLV in Nigeria live in rural areas and are elderly and not literate, further research is required to assess the nature of the interventions required and who might best deliver them.
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Sexual abuse of children: a study of primary school pupils in Nakuru municipality, Kenya - Githinji, Peris Wanjiru (2011)
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An Investigation of Community Participation in the Development of Schools and Income Generating Projects in Rural Areas in Kenya - Kimani, Elishiba; Kombo, D. K. (2011)
Background: There is a worldwide realization that development beneficiaries are important resources in the rural development process. Many countries in their development policies have stressed the need to encourage communities to participate in their development agenda. The rationale for this is that communities, especially those in rural setting cannot prosper fully without full engagement of its members. To achieve this, community members must be allowed to take initiative and action that is stimulated by their own thinking and deliberations so that they are able to exert effective control of their development. Enhancing community participation in development projects involves effective co-ordination of local activities to enable people come together to achieve common development goals. Aim: The major task of this study was to investigate factors, which may enhance community participation in the development of schools and income-generating projects in Kiambu District, Central Province of Kenya. Methodology: Kiambu District, which is in Central Kenya was purposively selected to represent rural areas in Kenya. The study was both a case study and exploratory. The study sample comprised of schools and income-generating projects, selected in each of the seven divisions in the district. The projects selected were in four categories, primary schools, secondary schools, youth polytechnics and income generating projects. From each of the selected projects, ten ordinary members were selected as respondents, to a total of 280 members, although only 275 were successfully interviewed. Three project officials from each project were also interviewed, giving a total 84. Also interviewed were 59 divisional local Case Study
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Examining Education, Media, and Dialogue under Occupation: The Case of Palestine and Israel. Critical Language and Literacy Studies. - Nasser, Ilham; Berlin, Lawrence Ν.; Wong, Shelley (2011)
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A survey of the factors influencing welfare programs in public Secondary Schools in Nairobi Kenya - Owade, Jeniffer Ulalo (2011)
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Essentials of indigenous languages to journalism education in Nigeria - Salawu, Abiodun (Global Media Journal: African Edition, 2011)
This paper advocates for compulsory inclusion of indigenous languages in the mass communication/journalism curricula in Nigeria.Emphasising the point that every educational programme should be socially relevant and culturally sensitive, the paper argues that while it is not out of place for a journalist to be global in orientation and application, thereby equipping himself with proficiency in a very international language like English, it will, however, be out of place for him not to be able to communicate effectively with his very own people.This report concludes by calling for appreciation of the indigenous languages and support for the media's use of them, from both the people and the governments.
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Kenyans suffer in East Africa drought - Shenk, Tim (2011)
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Internationalizing Higher Education in South Africa and the United States: Policy and Practice in Global, National, and Local Perspective. - Dolby, Nadine (2011)
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Prevalence of and Risk factors for Stunting among School Children and Adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria - Senbanjo, Idowu O; Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O.; Njokanma, OF (Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 2011)
Stunting adversely affects the physical and mental outcome of children. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with stunting among urban school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Five hundred and seventy children aged 5-19 years were selected using the multi-stage random-sampling technique. Stunting was defined as height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of < -2 standard deviation (SD) of the National Center for Health Statistics reference. Severe stunting was defined as HAZ of < -3 SD. The mean age of the children was 12.2 + 3.41 years, and 296 (51.5%) were males. Ninety-nine (17.4%) children were stunted. Of the stunted children, 20 (22.2%) were severely stunted. Identified risk factors associated with stunting were attendance of public schools (p < 0.001), polygamous family setting (p = 0.001), low maternal education (p = 0.001), and low social class (p = 0.034). Following multivariate analysis with logistic regression, low maternal education (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.20-4.9; p = 0.015) was the major contributory factor to stunting. Encouraging female education may improve healthcare-seeking behaviour and the use of health services and ultimately reduce stunting and its consequences.
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Electronic learning and open educational resources in the health sciences in Ghana - Adanu, Richard; Adu‐Sarkodie, Yaw; Opare-Sem, Ohene; Nkyekyer, K.; Donkor, Peter; Lawson, Andrea; Engleberg, N. Cary (Ghana Medical Journal, 2011)
To determine whether a group of Ghanaian students are able to easily use electronic learning material and whether they perceive this method of learning as acceptable.The University of Ghana Medical School (UGMS) and the School of Medical Sciences (SMS), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and fifty third year medical students at SMS and nineteen fifth year medical students at UGMS METHODS: Two e-learning materials were developed, one on the polymerase chain reaction and the other on total abdominal hysterectomy and these were distributed to selected medical students. Two weeks after the distribution of the programmes, a one-page, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the target groups of students at the two institutions.Ninety three percent (139) of respondents at KNUST and 95% (18) at UG report having access to a computer for learning purposes. All of the UG students viewed the TAH programme; 82% (130) of the KNUST students viewed the PCR animations. All students who viewed the programmes at both institutions indicated that the e-learning pro-grammes were "more effective" in comparison to other methods of learning.Computer ownership or availability at both medical schools is sufficient to permit the distribution and viewing of e-learning materials by students and the medical students considered both programmes to be very helpful.
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Awareness and use of and barriers to family planning services among female university students in Lesotho - Akintade, OL; Pengpid, Supa; Peltzer, K (South African Medical Journal, 2011)
Background. Unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young women can be prevented through dual protection (i.e. condom use plus another method). Unmet needs for contraception and rates of unintended pregnancy among young women are high in the developing world. Aim. To assess the level of awareness of contraceptives and utilisation of family planning services among young women, and barriers that hinder effective use of such services. Methods. In a quantitative descriptive survey, 360 female undergraduate students at the National University of Lesotho responded to a hand-delivered self-administered questionnaire. Results. Awareness of family planning was high (97.5%). The condom was the most commonly known and used family planning method. The level of sexual experience and the prevalence of contraceptive use were high. Access to services was good. There were some misconceptions, e.g. that contraceptives other than the condom, such as natural family planning (4.7%), the vaginal ring (3.3%) and male or female sterilisation (2.8%), can prevent STIs. Married status was associated with current use of contraceptives, and having been formally taught about family planning was associated with the belief that it causes cancer. The unmet contraceptive need in the sample was 24.9%. Conclusion. Levels of awareness and utilisation of family planning services are high among female students at the University of Lesotho. There is a need to introduce family planning teaching based on accurate facts into the school curriculum.
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Kawasaki disease in Ghana: Case reports from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital - Badoe, Ëben; Neequaye, Janet; Oliver-Commey, J.O.; Amoah, Joe; Osafo, Alexandra; Aryee, I.; Nyarko, Mame Yaa (Ghana Medical Journal, 2011)
Kawasaki disease, an acute febrile vasculitis, predominantly affects children under the age of 5 years and is thought to be a rare disease in the developing world. It has previously never been reported in Ghana. We report 3 cases from February, 2007 to February, 2008. This potentially serious disease has no definitive diagnostic test and it is not unusual for diagnosis to be delayed with serious consequences. Any child with irritability and persisting fever (>5 days) not responding to antipyretics and antibiotics, accompanied by a rash and non purulent conjunctivitis should be suspected to have Kawasaki disease.
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Higher Education and the Rise of Early Political Elites in Africa pdf - Bassey, Magnus O. (2011)
Missionaries were the precursors of formal education in colonial times in Africa because schools were their main avenue s for conversion. A Roman Catholic missionary in Nigeria indeed once said, ‘Those who hold the schools hold the country, hold its religion, hold its future.’ And a recent author has concluded that, ‘Formal education soon became the bait with which the youn g generation was enticed to Christianity ’ in Africa. This article argues that Western education and more precisely higher education, was the launching path to political elite status in Africa.
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Substance use and its predictors among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia - Deressa, Wakgari; Azazh, Aklilu (BMC Public Health, 2011)
Substance use remains high among Ethiopian youth and young adolescents particularly in high schools and colleges. The use of alcohol, khat and tobacco by college and university students can be harmful; leading to decreased academic performance, increased risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. However, the magnitude of substance use and the factors associated with it has not been investigated among medical students in the country. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substance use and identify factors that influenced the behavior among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia.A cross-sectional study using a pre-tested structured self-administered quantitative questionnaire was conducted in June 2009 among 622 medical students (Year I to Internship program) at the School of Medicine. The data were entered into Epi Info version 6.04d and analyzed using SPSS version 15 software program. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization and presentation. Differences in proportions were compared for significance using Chi Square test, with significance level set at p < 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the magnitude of associations between substance use and socio-demographic and behavioral correlates.In the last 12 months, alcohol was consumed by 22% (25% males vs. 14% females, p = 0.002) and khat use was reported by 7% (9% males vs. 1.5% females, p < 0.001) of the students. About 9% of the respondents (10.6% males vs. 4.6% females, p = 0.014) reported ever use of cigarette smoking, and 1.8% were found to be current smokers. Using multiple logistic regression models, being male was strongly associated with alcohol use in the last 12 months (adjusted OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.22-3.76). Students whose friends currently consume alcohol were more likely to consume alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.50-4.08) and whose friends' use tobacco more likely to smoke (adjusted OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.83-8.30). Khat use within the past 12 months was strongly and positively associated with alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 15.11, 95% CI = 4.24-53.91). Similarly, ever use of cigarette was also significantly associated with alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 8.65, 95% CI = 3.48-21.50).Concordant use of alcohol, khat and tobacco is observed and exposure to friends' use of substances is often implicated. Alcohol consumption or khat use has been significantly associated with tobacco use. While the findings of this study suggest that substance use among the medical students was not alarming, but its trend increased among students from Year I to Internship program. The university must be vigilant in monitoring and educating the students about the consequences of substance use.
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An investigation into factors hindering Kenya Airways Training and development from achieving customer satisfaction goals - Egesa, Samson Omuke (2011)
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How African American Teachers' Beliefs About African American Vernacular English Influence Their Teaching - Jones, Gregory S. (The Journal of Pan-African Studies, 2011)
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The Political Economy of African Higher Education - Majavu, Mandisi (2011)
This essay examines how the IMF, the World Bank and Globalisation have shaped and influenced the structure and the content of education that universities in Africa offer. The findings suggest that the IMF and the World Bank are establishing their own higher learning institutions in Africa to produce a subservient elite class that supports the free-market system ideology, which, through structural adjustment programmes, has in effect rolled out a neo-colonial project. The study concludes that globalisation, as a vehicle for a free-market system, has had a negative effect on African education.
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Factors affecting cash management in public secondary schools in Kenya - Namasambu, Andrew Simiyu (2011)
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‘Youth in a void’: sexuality, HIV/AIDS and communication in Kenyan public schools - Njue, Carolyne; Voeten, Hélène; Ahlberg, Beth Maina (Sex Education:Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2011)
The disappearance of traditional sex education during rites of passage in African societies has left many youth uncertain of where to look for information. Against this backcloth, the objectives of this study were to identify knowledge gaps amongst adolescents in Kenya regarding sexuality, HIV/AIDS and reproductive health. A thematic analysis was conducted of questions posed by 735 school youth aged 12–18 years from Meru and Kajiado Districts. Results show that many questions showed curiosity and anxiousness. Knowledge appeared to be fragmented and sometimes revealed misconceptions, which may put youth at risk. The raised themes differed by gender and age. Questions on saying no to sex, sexual violence and female circumcision were a great concern for girls. Boys were more concerned with managing boy–girl relationships, preventing STI/HIV infection, and condoms. Concern about transition to adulthood, sexuality, STI and HIV/AIDS, myths and misconceptions, and intergenerational communication cut across both genders. Older teens were more concerned with questions on boy–girl relationships, norms and values regarding sexuality, and STI. Younger teens ( < 15 years) wanted to know about reproduction, saying no to sex, HIV/AIDS, condoms, sexual violence and female circumcision. Compounding these challenges was the lack of intergenerational communication. The study identified important knowledge and communication gaps in sexual and reproductive health among in-school adolescents in Kenya. There is a need for sex education interventions for different age groups and genders. These interventions should work with parents, teachers and health professionals.
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Penetrating abdominal injuries in adults seen at two teaching hospitals in Ghana - Ohene-Yeboah, Michael; Dakubo, Jonathan C. B.; Boakye, Faith; Naeeder, S B (Ghana Medical Journal, 2011)
The incidence of penetrating abdominal injuries (PAI) has increased in the West African sub-region.To determine the pattern and management outcome of penetrating abdominal injuries (PAI) in the two main teaching hospitals in Ghana.A prospective and retrospective descriptive study.Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra.Relevant details of all adult patients admitted with penetrating abdominal injuries over a 11-year period were recorded at KATH and KBTH in Accra. The study in KATH was prospective pro forma based and that in the KBTH was a retrospective case review of all penetrating abdominal injuries.There were 411 patients, mostly men (M: F-8:1). The peak age of patients was 20-29 years, 164 patients (39.9%). Abdominal stab wound injuries accounted for 251 (61.1%). Three hundred and thirty - one patients (80.5%) had an emergency laparotomy. Twelve patients required 16 emergency thoracotomies. The small bowel (23.2%), stomach (12.9%), colon (10.2%), the liver (10.0%), were the most commonly injured organs. In 92 patients (29.0%) no significant intra-abdominal injury was detected at laparotomyStab wounds are the main penetrating abdominal injuries seen mostly among young male adults in Ghana. Management was by a mandatory laparotomy after clinical assessment. The overall mortality was 4.4%. Selective non-operative management of abdominal stab wounds is possible.
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The effects of training on employee performance in the public healthcare facilities in Kenya : a case of Mbagathi District Hospital - Orina, Emily Odera (2011)
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Continuous Assessment , Practicum, and the Quality of Business Education Programmes in Nigeria - Ubong, Bassey; Wokocha, A. M. (2011)
Periodic assessment of students in the process of teaching the curriculum content, otherwise known as Continuous Assessment, was introduced into the Nigerian educational system in 1981 through the National Policy on Education. The method seeks to even out academic effort by ensuring that students do not wait for end of semester or certificate examinations to exert study effort but rather sustain learning throughout a period, for instance, a term or a semester. This method of assessment is very good for a practical programme such as Business Education and should be magnified. This paper reviews the philosophy and current practice in Business Education in the College of Education system in Nigeria and submits that a higher weight should be accorded Continuous Assessment rather than the current practice of emphasizing end of semester examinations. The paper also advocates more emphasis on practicum by way of more contact hours for practical work and very importantly, more attention to industrial attachment. These measures, it is hoped, would ensure higher quality of the Business Education programme.
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Outbreak news. Outbreak of illness in schools, Angola. (PubMed, 2011)
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Impact of climate change on sea level rise in Lagos, Nigeria - Fashae, Olutoyin Adeola; Onafeso, Olumide (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011)
Sea level rise and ocean surge are the major potential impacts of climate change in the rapidly growing urban Lagos in Nigeria. Coastal inundation is, however, expected to increase problems of flooding and intrusion of sea water into freshwater sources and ecosystems, thereby heightening the social conflict already prevalent in this area. This article examines the historical trend in the coastal extent of one of the most populous coastal cities in the tropics and projects the potential impact on coastline change using geographic information system (GIS) techniques coupled with scenario-based climate change predictions from three different general circulation models (GCMs). This study aims, therefore, to provide empirical reasoning for the development of sea defence policies which would help in the reduction of possible loss of life or capital asset damage by suggesting adequate and cost-effective flood warning systems as well as by discouraging inappropriate infrastructural development in areas at risk from flooding and coastal erosion.
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The Paradox of Mission Education for Contemporary African Identity - Mensah, Ephraim (2011)
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An investigation of drought characteristics and assessment of mitigation measures in the Gwembe valley, Zambia - Mwenda, Rabson (2011)
There has been an increased frequency of drought occurrence in the Gwembe Valley in recent years.The situation, however, has not been addressed adequately due to lack of enough research on drought effects, especially the assessment of appropriateness and effectiveness of the mitigation measures that had been recommended and implemented to reduce the impacts. This study was carried out in the Gwembe Valley in the period September, 1999 to February 2000, covering the three districts of the valley namely Siavonga, Gwembe and Sinazongwe.The objectives of the research were: (i) to determine the drought characteristics; (ii) to assess drought impacts on agriculture and water supply and (iii) to determine appropriate measures of reducing drought vulnerability of local communities.Some of the analyzed data was collected from participants who included households of peasant farmers and village headmen. Other data came from civil servants working for the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries (MAFF), the Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Meteorology in the Ministry of Transport and Communications and also from the Water Affairs Department of the Ministry of Energy and Water Development and from the Ministry of Health(MOH). Civic leaders included Member of Parliament (M.P.) for Gwembe (who was later appointed Deputy Minister for Southern Province) and District Council officials.Both qualitative and quantitative types of data were collected. Interview, questionnaire and observation methods were used while analysis involved the 'run-methodology' and magnitudefrequency approaches. Results revealed that the droughts were not due to shortfall in expected total amount of rainfall per season alone but that the duration of dry-spells in the rain season and the actual number of rain days per month, contributed. The impacts of the droughts were manifested in crop failure and depleted food stocks. Water scarcity leads to many diseases and livestock deaths. Human reactions like failure to act quickly in the wake of drought signs, cultivation of inappropriate crop and in some instances, sheer laziness by people who depended on receiving free food-aid (especially) were among the accentuating factors to hardships local people faced. The study also suggested that drought occurrence was not random and had increased slightly since 1980, impacting agriculture and water supply more severely.The recommendations to individuals emphasized the need to intensify the current mitigation measures being pursued while government was being urged not to procrastinate in implementing measures suggested to it as this derailed progress. It was observed that triumph in the fight against drought would need establishing a permanent body for drought mitigation and management. This body should be composed of professionals in matters on drought and who should be ready to address the issue whenever it showed signs of re-surfacing. The other contingency measures already adopted such as food aid and use of drought resistant crop varieties were to…
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A Far-Reaching Faith: Evidence of an Inclusive Religious Doctrine among African Americans - Shelton, Jason E.; Emerson, Michael O. (2011)
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Non-standard features in English in Anglophone Cameroon New Writing: dilemmas for the education system - Ayafor, Miriam (English Today, 2011)
One of the ways a language is learned, especially a foreign language, is by personal extensive reading. When people read widely, they are exposed to the linguistic structure of what they read and so learn it consciously or unconsciously. What they come across in their reading remains in their minds and adds to their general knowledge. This includes knowledge of the language they read. General wide reading reinforces the language students have been formally taught in their language classes. Exposure to grammatically correct language would improve their language skills. On the other hand, exposure to incorrect language would negatively affect the language skills of foreign learners and cause them to use wrong language comfortably, not knowing that they are erroneous in their usage.
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Regional Impacts of Climate Change: Africa - Bhattacharjee, Ranjana; Ntare, B. R.; Otoo, Emmanuel; Yanda, Pius Z. (2011)
Climate change is eminent, and Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions in the world to this change and variability. This is a situation that is aggravated by the interaction of ‘multiple stresses’, occurring at various levels, with low adaptive capacity. The vulnerability and limitations of poor countries to adapt to the emerging challenges of climate change have been highlighted in the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Although the exact direction of climate change in not known however, there is a general agreement that the continent will experience a projected increase in temperature between 1.5° - 6°C by 2100, and this warming will be greatest over the interior of semiarid margins of the Sahara and central southern Africa. The impact of such a change will lead to drought, increasing poor and degraded soils, shortening of rainfall season and growing season among others. All crops therefore must adapt to this changing environment or be wiped out. Strategic and novel approach by all stakeholders' are needed to counter the numerous effects of climate change. The Governments and individuals should realize the huge challenge climate change poses and adapt more innovative approaches to research, management and conservation of the environments.
openalex: W1518085169 mag: 1518085169
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‘From School to Adulthood’? Young People's Pathways Through Schooling in Urban Ethiopia - Camfield, Laura (The European Journal of Development Research, 2011)
openalex: W2008629596 mag: 2008629596
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Nigerian secondary school children’s knowledge of and attitudes to mental health and illness - Dogra, Nisha; Omigbodun, Olayinka; Adedokun, Tunde; Bella, Tolulope; Ronzoni, Pablo; Adesokan, Adekunle O. (Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011)
Children tend to lack knowledge of, and hold negative attitudes towards mental illness. However, most of the work undertaken in Nigeria has been done with adults.To establish the views and knowledge about mental health and illness in pupils at four secondary schools in rural and urban Southwest Nigeria.A cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire previously used in the UK and adapted to Nigeria.Data from 145 Nigerian schoolchildren showed little knowledge of, negative attitudes and social distance towards persons with mental health problems. Urban participants and boys appeared less knowledgeable than rural children and girls.Nigerian schoolchildren, as with Nigerian adults and young people in Western countries, show stigma towards mental illness. This may be underpinned by a lack of knowledge regarding mental health problems. Educational interventions need to be appropriate to area, age and gender to effectively improve mental health literacy, which in turn will influence attitudes and social distance. However, the fact that the schoolchildren were optimistic about recovery is a strength that could be built upon.
openalex: W2038484253 mag: 2038484253
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TEACHERS AWARENESS AND INTERVENTION FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN MAKADARA DIVISION KENYA - Gateru, W. Agnes (2011)
openalex: W2255941474 mag: 2255941474
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E-learning readiness among public primary teacher training collegs in Kenya - Joseph, Soita Maruti (2011)
openalex: W59976011 mag: 59976011
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A study of the roles played by deputy head teachers in ensuring discipline in selected secondary schools in East Wanga Division of Mumias District, Western Province, Kenya - Kanga, James Philip (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy and Curriculum Studies, 59p. TheLB2831.926 .k4k3 2010
openalex: W169867777 mag: 169867777
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The impact of alcohol use on health and academic performane of students in Kenya Medical Colleges in Central Province - Kibui, Mary Muthoni (2011)
openalex: W100502216 mag: 100502216
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Drug and substance abuse in secondary schools and implications for student discipline: a case of Embu district Kenya - Kinyua, Esther W. (2011)
openalex: W2566251274 mag: 2566251274
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A proposed localized geography curriculum which engages upper basic school pupils in issues of environmental protection of the Luangwa district of Zambia - Lungu, Thomson H (2011)
openalex: W2607795470 mag: 2607795470
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An examination of factors influencing employee turnover: a case of TSC teachers in public secondary schools in Kirinyaga District, Kenya - Mugo, Jane wamuyu (2011)
openalex: W2563124535 mag: 2563124535
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Implementation of Geography field project in Zambian high schools: A survey of Livingstone and Monze of Southern Province - Mundende, Kasonde (2011)
openalex: W2530879082 mag: 2530879082
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Factors influencing inclusion of learners with special needs in regular primary school in Rachuonyo district, Kenya - Mutisya, Celina Muthili Syanda (2011)
openalex: W2330169767 mag: 2330169767
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The use of school assets in generation of supplementary income for secondary schools: a case of Nairobi province, Kenya - Namai, Obuchere Joab (2011)
openalex: W2570123662 mag: 2570123662
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