Agricultural adaptation, local knowledge and livelihoods diversification in North-Central Namibia | Tyndall°Centre for Climate Change Research ® - Marieange (2011)
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Impacts of climate change and sea-level rise: a preliminary case study of Mombasa, Kenya | Tyndall°Centre for Climate Change Research ® - Marieange (2011)
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Evaluation of the Start and Improve Your Business Youth Entrepreneurship Training Program in Lesotho - Ntlaloe, Tumisang (2011)
openalex: W105550154 mag: 105550154
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Chapter 10 Sense of Belonging and African-American Student Success in STEM: Comparative Insights Between Men and Women - Strayhorn, Terrell L. (2011)
This chapter draws on recent survey data from a multi-institutional sample to estimate the influence of sense of belonging (SOB) on learning and success outcomes for African-American (AA) students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. Additional information highlights differences between men and women. Qualitative data from individual and group interviews are used to make meaning of the statistical findings, yielding insights that can be used to improve educational policies, practices, and conditions for AA students in STEM.
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The Dimensions of the Learning Organization in Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza from Its Employees' Point of View - Al-Telbani, Nehayah A.; Salem, Mohammad (Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 2011)
The objective of this research is to study the existence of the attributes (dimensions) of the learning organization in Al-Shifa hospital in Gaza from its employees' point of view. A modified version of the theoretical framework of learning organizations developed by Watkins and Marsick (2003) is used in this research because it provides a clear definition of the construct of “learning organization” from an organizational culture perspective. This framework consists of a (43) item questionnaire that evaluates the following attributes (dimensions) of the learning organization: continuous learning opportunities, dialogue and inquiry, collaboration and team learning, collective vision, capture and share learning as well as environmental connection. The questionnaire was distributed to (325) employees who were randomly selected from Al-Shifa hospital’s employees. The statistical analysis of the questionnaire, using the Mean, Standard Deviation and T- Test, indicates that the dimensions of the learning organization did not exist in Al-Shifa hospital from its employees' point of view. The research concluded that to become a learning organization, Al-Shifa hospital needs to promote all the dimensions of the learning organization (i.e., continuous learning opportunities, dialogue and inquiry, collaboration and team learning, collective vision, capture and share learning as well as environmental connection).
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Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome - Adaptation to Climate Change : P111669 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 - Bettencourt, Sofia U. (2011)
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Self-medication with antibiotics among Nigerian Dental Students - Ehigiator, O; Azodo, CC; Ehikhamenor, Edeaghe (Tanzania Dental Journal, 2011)
Introduction: Health workers are societal role models.Self-medication by health workers could result in an extraordinarily negative impact in the society.Objective: To determine the prevalence of self medication with antibiotics among Nigerian dental students.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 200 dental students of University of Benin, Nigeria was performed between April and June, 2009.A self-administered questionnaire was used to enquire on self-medication by antibiotics.Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0.Associations were tested using Chi square, significance set at P<0.05.Results: Response rate was 96.2%.The age range of the respondents was 16 to 35 years and Female: male ratio was 1:1.9.The prevalence of self medication with antibiotics in the 6 months preceding the survey was 53.5%.Amoxicillin was the most commonly self medicated antibiotics.The main factors influencing the choice of antibiotics were previous experience with the same illness and advice from pharmacy staff.Diarrhea, sore throat and common cold were the major reasons for selfmedication with antibiotics.The predominant reason for self-medication among the respondents was previous experiences with similar ailments.Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among Nigerian dental students was high and amoxicillin was the most commonly self medicated antibiotics.
openalex: W2016011648 mag: 2016011648
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Correlates and Predictors of Academic Self Efficacy among African American Students - Fife, John E.; Bond, Sherrod; Byars‐Winston, Angela (Education 3-13, 2011)
Introduction Studies examining the academic development of Black college students have largely sampled those enrolled at predominantly-White institutions (PWIs). In contrast, little attention has been given to the academic development of African Americans attending historically-Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Even less attention has been paid to some of the critical cultural variables that may be responsible for the learning and academic success of African American students in the STEM disciplines. A few studies of cultural variables, like ethnic identity and other-group orientation (OGO; comfort with intercultural interactions) have been indirectly related to STEM interests and goals, through their relationship with efficacy expectations (Byars-Winston et al., 2010; O'Brien, Martinez-Pons, & Kopala, 1999), but more research is needed to understand other variables that influence the academic self efficacy of African American students. Academic Self-efficacy and Ethnic Identity Academic self-efficacy stems from Bandura's concept of self-efficacy in 1977. The notion of academic efficacy refers to belief that one can and will meet the demands of one's academic environment. Furthermore, once academic efficacy increases academic achievement will increase as well. Ethnic identity refers to how an individual perceives the knowledge, traditions, and history of their particular group (Hughes, 2009). Ethnic identity has received much attention in the last decade and a half as the U.S. has become increasingly culturally diverse (Spencer, 1990). One reason is that a strong identification with ones ethnic background has been consistently linked to a host of beneficial outcomes, such as greater self-esteem and higher academic achievement. (Phinney, 2003). Our study will examine the role of ethnic identity in the academic self efficacy of African American students majoring in science, mathematics, technology, and engineering (STEM disciplines). Fordham and Ogbu (1986) suggested a cultural-ecological framework of ethnic minority achievement. They asserts that the oppressive conditions under which African American immigrated to the United States has creates a collective group identity that rejects institutions dominated by the oppressive mainstream culture. To Fordham and Ogbu, the education system is one of those institutions that African American youth may reject. Fordham (1988) expanded this theory by proposing that African American youth seek to be high achievers must minimize their connection to their ethnic identity in order to embrace values that are consistent with mainstream academic success. According to the above theory, an understanding of ethnic identity and its influence on academic achievement and self efficacy can assist teachers and educational institutions to better understand African American students. Hackett et al. (1992) investigated the impact of ethnicity and social cognitive factors on academic achievement in engineering students. The results indicated that academic self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of academic performance. Student interest, positive outcome expectation, and faculty encouragement were positively correlated to academic self-efficacy. Smith et al., (2009) examine the role racial-ethnic identity on self perception, academic achievement and behavior among African American elementary students. The results suggested that an increased affiliation with an individual's own racial group is related to elevated levels of emerging racial identity. In addition, a significant relationship was found between academic competence and racial identity, which leads the authors to believe that African American children may associate internalized racial identity with academic success. These results suggest that there is a direct relationship between racial identity and competences related academic performance in African American students in early and middle elementary school. …
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Keeping Kids in School. Cash Transfers and Selective Education in Malawi - Hoop, Jacobus Joost De (2011)
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Quality and contents of referral letters from peripheral health centers to the dental centre of a teaching hospital, southwestern Nigeria - Ibiyemi, Olushola; Ibiyemi, Titilola S (Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2011)
Objective. Referral letters are deficient in quality and content, which may prevent ideal treatment of patients. Therefore, this study assessed the quality and contents of referral letters from peripheral health centers to the dental center of a teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods. All consecutive referral letters received at the dental center of a teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria from various peripheral health centers over a period of 1 year were prospectively reviewed using a structured questionnaire. The information extracted were patient's demographic data, addresses of referral persons, dates of referral, reasons for referral, medical and dental history, examination findings, investigations done, diagnosis and treatment given. Descriptive analyses of frequencies were done for all variables. Results. One hundred and thirty-four referral letters were received and reviewed, comprising letters from 75 (60.0%) males and 59 (40.0%) females. The patient's age ranged from 2–74 years, with a median age of 25 years. The majority, 91 (85.4%), of the letters were written by medical doctors. An appreciable number of referral letters had no name or signature of the referring health care worker. Information on reasons for referral were not available in 27 (20.1%) of the letters. A significant proportion of referral letters lacked vital information on the patient age, past medical history, past dental history, investigations done and treatment given. Conclusion. This study has shown that referral letters written from various peripheral healthcare centers to the dental centre of a teaching hospital is generally of unacceptable quality and the content could be improved upon.
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Modelling of Non-Point Source Pollution Around Lake Victoria Using SWAT Model: A Case of Simiyu Catchment Tanzania - Kimwaga, Richard (The open environmental engineering journal, 2011)
Pollutant loading in Lake Victoria is resulting from a wide range of anthropogenic activities.This study focused on Non-Point Sources (NPS) of pollution and it was carried out to identify and characterize land-use activities and to quantify the sediment and nutrient loads (nitrogen and phosphorus).The study was conducted in Simiyu catchment of Lake Victoria using land-use data of 1975 and 2006 and comparing the relative impact of land-use change on sediment and nutrient load (P and N) into the lake.Possible best management practices were also identified for those sub-basins with the highest pollution yield.Remote sensing using the package ILIWIS 3.0 was used to identify and characterize the land-use and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to quantify sediment and nutrient load from these two different land-use scenarios.Land use classification according to the SWAT model shows that Agricultural Land-Generic (AGRL) contributes about 73.43%, Range-brush (RNGB) contributes 24.42%, Pasture (PAST), 2.10% Savanna (SAVA) 0.03% and Water (WATR) 0.02% of the total catchment area of Simiyu.It was also found out that there was an expansion of agricultural land from covering 19.33% of the catchment to 73.43% at an annual change rate of 2.9%.However, average Nitrate load was higher for 1975 than 2006.The P load of 1975 was less compared to that in 2006.Model simulation at the catchment outlet for N gave 77.2 kg/km 2 .yrwhile observed values were 146 kg/km 2 .yr,simulated P was 47 kg/km 2 .yrwhile observed was 164 kg/km 2 .yr.Hence, the model underestimated nutrient yield in the catchment.Therefore, the applicability of the SWAT modelling tool in studying NPS pollution yields poor model performance due to the scantiness of data used for model calibration.More rigorous data campaigns have to be carried out along the two rivers of Duma and Simiyu for purposes of gaining enough information for model calibration and validation.With good model performance, developing management plans to control NPS pollution around Lake Victoria could be achieved using the SWAT model.
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Transfer of Training in Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya - Mukulu, Elegwa (2011)
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Efficacy of Training and Development at a Higher Institution in Namibia - Naris, Sylvia N.; Ukpere, Wilfred I. (2011)
Policies adopted by tertiary educational institutions play a key role in determining the future of an institution. When they are applied and monitored well, most of these policies bear positive results for the institution. Therefore, assessing the PoN policy and practices are imperative. The HR Code is a policy document of the PoN. The main objective of the study was to establish the effectiveness of the HR Code: SDT. The study intent to achieved the following objectives: establish the motivating factors of drafting the HR Code: SDT, and to analyse the weaknesses in order to trace whether the staff development is linked to the strategic goals of the PoN in order to assist the institution in retaining their staff as it prepares itself to become a university of technology that would need more and better qualified staff.
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“I am in School!”: African American Male Youth in a Prison/College Hybrid Figured World - Urrieta, Luís; Martin, Karla; Robinson, Courtney (The Urban Review, 2011)
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Modelling of Nonpoint Source Pollution in Akagera Transboundary River in Rwanda - Wali, Umaru Garba (The open environmental engineering journal, 2011)
In this paper, we to assess the level of pollution in the Akagera Transboundary River.The followings parameters namely NH 4 -N, NO 3 -N, PO 4 -P, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, Temperature, and Turbidity were identified and quantified.Sampling was conducted a monthly basis from March 2008 to February 2009 at eleven sampling points on the Akagera River system.The landuse and land form characteristics were studied using satellite imagery and ground truthing.From this pollution reduction factors in terms of kg/ha.yr of pollution load were developed for each landuse type and used for developing the model.Rainfall and river flow data were obtained from gauging stations in and around the river.Water quality parameters particularly values of NH 3 -N changed from 0 to 2.36 mg/l, NO 3 -N from 1.8 mg/l to 314.4 mg/l and PO 4 -P from 0.02 mg/l to 19.3 mg/l.Field observations supported with computed export coefficient values showed that bare soils are the most influencing negative factor on water quality in the Akagera River.
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Communication skills of physicians during patient interaction in an in-patient setting at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2009 - Zewdneh, Daniel; Michael, Kifle; Kebede, Sosena (The Ethiopian journal of health development, 2011)
Background: Physician-patient relationship is foremost among the numerous qualities needed for sound patient care.In the Ethiopian clinical setting, a vast majority of patients complain that physicians do not interact with them properly.Objective: Assess behavior of physicians (verbal and nonverbal) when interacting with patients.Methods: Randomly selected physicians were observed in doctor-patient interactions in an inpatient setting using a standardized check list at Tikur Anbessa Hospital in November, 2009.Mean comparison of total scores of each category as well as mean interaction and biomedical exam times were made using Pearson's Chi square, and Student's T test.Results: 211 interactions were observed.22.7% were consultants, 49.7% were residents and 26.5% were interns.Mean total score of observed behavior ranged from poor to satisfactory across category and showed statistically significant variations.Average interaction time was 7.87 minutes while average biomedical exam time was 5.05 minutes.The means showed a significant variation (p=0.001 at 95% CI). Conclusion:The study has shown that there is a reasonable ground to suggest that physician-patient interaction has deficiencies.Due attention should be given to improve communication skills of physicians.[
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National and local sources of power: important considerations for teacher education reforms in rural Malawi - Chazema, Jacqueline; O’Meara, James (Journal of Education for Teaching, 2011)
The establishment of formal teacher training systems is a relatively new innovation in some parts of Africa. Formal training of secondary teachers in Malawi commenced when the government of Malawi opened the University of Malawi in 1965. The contribution of Malawi’s ruling parties to the development of teacher education in Malawi since then is an important consideration in understanding some of the actions and outcomes of this continuing process. This paper provides a brief overview of a current teacher education initiative, linked to the National Education Strategic Plan (NESP) for the recruitment, training and deployment of quality teachers to schools in Malawi. It includes a discussion of Mann’s model of four sources of power (Mann, M. 1986. The sources of social power. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press) to offer insights as to why the some of the educational outcomes linked to the NESP are yet to be realised within rural school across Malawi. Insights on the potential impact of power groups other than the government may help to reduce the gap between the planned and realised outcome of educational reforms in Malawi and other least developed countries.
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‘Brains, means, lyrical ammunition’: hip-hop and socio-racial agency among African Students in Kharkiv, Ukraine - Helbig, Adriana (Popular Music, 2011)
Abstract In the last decade, multi-racial hip-hop scenes in Kharkiv, a predominantly Russian-speaking eastern Ukrainian city close to the Russian border, have fostered the development of socially-conscious hip-hop among African students. Drawing on musical elements from their respective home countries, the US and local hip-hop traditions, African male youths use Ukrainian-, Russian- and English-language lyrics to express concerns about socio-economic status, personal struggle and racial inclusion. This study analyses how African musicians use hip-hop as a social means through which to fight the escalating violence against dark-skinned foreigners and migrants. It draws on ethnographic data to identify several ways in which African-performed hip-hop has influenced contemporary public opinions regarding ‘black’ identity in eastern Ukraine.
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Mozambique - MZ-Education Sector Support Program : P125127 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 - Naudeau, Sophie (2011)
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Sudan - Basic Education Project : P112096 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 04 - Ninan, Elizabeth (2011)
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Senegal - Senegal Tertiary Education Governance and Financing For Results : P123673 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 - Seck, Atou (2011)
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Cost analysis of school-based intermittent screening and treatment of malaria in Kenya - Drake, Thomas L; Okello, George; Njagi, Kiambo; Halliday, Katherine E.; Jukes, Matthew; Mangham, Lindsay; Brooker, Simon (Malaria Journal, 2011)
The control of malaria in schools is receiving increasing attention, but there remains currently no consensus as to the optimal intervention strategy. This paper analyses the costs of intermittent screening and treatment (IST) of malaria in schools, implemented as part of a cluster-randomized controlled trial on the Kenyan coast.Financial and economic costs were estimated using an ingredients approach whereby all resources required in the delivery of IST are quantified and valued. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate how programme variation affects costs and to identify potential cost savings in the future implementation of IST.The estimated financial cost of IST per child screened is US$ 6.61 (economic cost US$ 6.24). Key contributors to cost were salary costs (36%) and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) (22%). Almost half (47%) of the intervention cost comprises redeployment of existing resources including health worker time and use of hospital vehicles. Sensitivity analysis identified changes to intervention delivery that can reduce programme costs by 40%, including use of alternative RDTs and removal of supervised treatment. Cost-effectiveness is also likely to be highly sensitive to the proportion of children found to be RDT-positive.In the current context, school-based IST is a relatively expensive malaria intervention, but reducing the complexity of delivery can result in considerable savings in the cost of intervention. (Costs are reported in US$ 2010).
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In fulfilment of wishes : an exploration of the daydreams of a group of South African adolescent school boys. - Erringtron, Sheri-lee (2011)
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Implications of Climate Change on Sustainable Biofuel Production in Africa - Malaviya, Sumedha; Ravindranath, N. H. (2011)
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Bioenergy and Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa - Ulsrud, Kirsten (2011)
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An investigation of multicultural provisions of the Ethiopian education policy - Mebratu, Belete (Journal of contemporary issues in education, 2011)
This study is an investigation of the multicultural provisions in the Ethiopian education policy in light of promoting inclusive education. Content analysis, thematic categorization, and interpretive stance were used to analyze the data collected from the 1994 Ethiopian education policy document. The findings of the study indicate that the policy includes provisions that address the need to promote democratic cultures of equality, justice, unity and cooperation among peoples; equality and respect of diverse languages and linguistics groups; the promotion of gender awareness in the society; and the equality, tolerance and mutual coexistence among followers of different religions in the country.
openalex: W1934900863 mag: 1934900863
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Ozone pollution during stratosphere-troposphere exchange events over equatorial Africa - Ture, Kassahun; Tsidu, Gizaw Mengistu (WIT transactions on ecology and the environment (Online), 2011)
Both natural factors such as thunderstorm events and anthropogenic activities contribute to very high ozone production.On the flight route from Johannesburg to Vienna enhanced ozone and relative humidity spikes were observed by MOZAIC (Measurements of Ozone by Airbus In service airCraft).MOZAIC recorded high resolution in-situ ozone and relative humidity at a flying altitude of 250-200 hPa at equatorial Africa.This area is one of the lightning hot spot regions of the world.We report introduction of enhanced ozone of stratospheric origin into the troposphere during two events and the resulting pollution.Vertical cross-section of potential vorticity over the region of interest showed high PV intrusion below the tropopause level.Both OLR (Outgoing longwave radiation) and vertical wind have indicated presence of strong convection.Cloud water content transport and high latent heat have confirmed the existence of thunderstorm activity coupled to PV intrusion.The two distinct events are characterized by very low ozone within the thunderstorm cloud and very high ozone of stratospheric origin outside the thunderstorm cloud.The events have produced ambient air pollution
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Potential Impact of Climate Change on Termite Distribution in Africa - Ahmed, Berhan M.; Nkunika, Phillip O. Y.; Sileshi, Gudeta W.; French, J. R. J.; Nyeko, Philip; Jain, Suman (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2011)
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A call for hermeneutical perspectives on climate change and conflict: the case of Ethiopia and Eritrea - Haldén, Peter (Journal of International Relations and Development, 2011)
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Teaching in Africa - Piercey, Bruce (2011)
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Dental aesthetic self-perception and desire for orthodontic treatment among school children in Benin City, Nigeria. - Ajayi, Emmanuel O. (PubMed, 2011)
The availability of information on the individual perception of own's dental appearance and desire to uptake orthodontic treatment is of importance in the planning of orthodontic care within a population.The subjective assessment of personal dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment was appraised among Nigerian children.The study was conducted among 91 school children (33 boys, 58 girls) aged 12 years old in Benin City, south-southern region of Nigeria. The satisfaction of the subjects with the arrangement of their anterior teeth and desire to straighten their teeth was determined using a questionnaire. The subjects were further asked to rank their dental attractiveness in relation to the photographs in the Aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The need for orthodontic treatment among the subjects was also assessed by the examiner with the Aesthetic component of IOTN. Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.The result revealed that more than three-quarters (76.9%) of the subjects were satisfied with their dental aesthetics while 23.1% desired to have orthodontic treatment. The boys expressed significantly higher level of dissatisfaction with their dental aesthetics and a greater desire to have orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). Most subjects (92.3%) rated their dental attractiveness in the "little to no need" orthodontic treatment grade on the AC scale. The normative borderline treatment need was higher than subjective borderline need but there was consistency in distribution of 4.4% in definite need treatment grade by the subjects and examiner.The majority of the children rated their teeth as aesthetically satisfactory but there were gender differences in perception of dental aesthetics and desire for orthodontic treatment among this sample of Nigerian children.
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Carcinoma of the penis: experience from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos, Nigeria. - Ajekigbe, AT; Anunobi, C C; Tijani, KH; Banjo, A A F; Nweke, I G (PubMed, 2011)
Carcinoma of penis is rare in countries where neonatal mate circumcision is the tradition and in Nigeria it is a common practice amongst almost all the tribes.This is to document the prevalence, age distribution, site and histologic types of penile carcinoma at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba over a 20 year period.Cases of the penile carcinoma recorded in the surgical pathology register of the Department of Morbid Anatomy, the Cancer Registry and the Medical Records Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a twenty year period were reviewed. Information extracted included the age, site of lesion, and histopathologic type. The histopathology slides were reexamined to confirm the diagnosis and to grade the lesion. The data was analyzed using simple statistical methods.There were 7 cases of carcinoma of the penis accounting for 1.9% of malignant lesions of the male genital tracts in LUTH, 3 (42.85%) of which were on the shaft of the penis. The ages of the patients ranged from 42-79 years with a mean of 52.2 years, majority (42.92) of the cases were inthe 5th decade. All the cases were well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.Carcinoma of the penis is rare in Lagos, Nigeria. This may be attributed to the common practice of neonatal male circumcision in Nigeria.
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Accuracy of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node enlargements. Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. - Akinde, Olakanmi Ralph; Abudu, Emmanuel Kunle; Anunobi, C C; Daramola, A O; Banjo, A A F; Abdukareem, F B; Osunkalu, Vincent Oluseye (PubMed, 2011)
The usefulness of fine needle aspiration technique for cytology diagnosis of lymph node lesions has been a subject of controversy over years.This study aims to determine the accuracy of this technique in the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node lesions, in our center, using histology diagnosis as a gold standard.The cytopathological diagnosis of 49 cases of peripheral lymph node lesions seen in the Morbid Anatomy Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos from Jan. 2000 to December 2009 were compared with their corresponding histological diagnosis. Lymph node lesions were categorized into inflammatory, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non Hodgkin's lymphoma and metastatic. The sensitivity, specificity and positive as well as the negative predictive values of the technique were determined.The overall sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 79.6%, 95.9.0%, 79.6% and 95.9% respectively. For non neoplastic lesions, FNAC has a high false negative report. For primary lymphoid neoplasm, the sensitivity, specificity and both predictive values were above 80% while the procedure produced sensitivity and specificity values of 100 and 97.1 percent respectively in the diagnosis of metastatic lesions.Despite the pitfalls and limitations of the procedure, the study demonstrated that fine-needle aspiration is a valuable tool for the evaluation of peripheral adenopathy. But FNAC technique for cytological diagnosis of lymphoid lesions using H and E and Giemsa stains alone cannot be used as the sole diagnosis of lymphoid enlargements. Its accuracy can be improved with the availability immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry.
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Juvenile delinquency among students of an approved sheltered girls' school in Lagos, Nigeria. - Ebuehi, O M; Omogbemi, K. B. (PubMed, 2011)
Juvenile delinquency is the involvement of a child younger than 18 years in behavior that violates the law. Its cost in terms of human potential, public safety and tax expenditures can be very high. Research that assesses how and why children become delinquent is a sound investment, because it can provide the foundation for effective intervention in its prevention and control.The study is to determine the factors associated with juvenile delinquency.A cross-sectional study was conducted among sixty (60) students of the approved sheltered girls' school, Idi-Araba, Lagos, using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.Findings revealed that the respondents were within the ages of 10-18 years with a mean age of 14.2 +/- 2.0 years, 70% had attained primary school education. Of the 53.3% that dropped out of school, 65.6% did so from financial problems, 6.3% as a result of poor performance and peer pressure accounted for 28.1%. A total of 71.7% of the students were brought to the school by the police; 52.5% on account of roaming while lack of parental control, stealing, robbery and fighting accounted for 16.9%, 11.9%, 10.2%, and 8.5% respectively. Majority (58.6%) of the students had both parents alive while 12.1% had both parents deceased. About 25 (41.7%) of the respondents admitted to committing a crime out of which 88% was stealing, 4% were involved in armed robbery and 8% in house breaking. Of all the socio-demographics characteristics of the respondents explored, only their educational level was found to be significantly associated (p = 0.0197) with criminal behaviour. Mother's educational level (p = 0.0245), maternal alcohol consumption (p = 0.0173) and kind of treatment (0.0245) received from step mums were significantly associated with criminal behaviour.Poor parental supervision, poverty and peer pressure played key roles in delinquency among the juveniles. An effective prevention and control of juvenile delinquency will require collective efforts involving all stakeholders (family, government and non-governmental organizations) in child development.
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Epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital, Benin City. - Egbagbe, EE; Oh, Okojie; Amaize, E (PubMed, 2011)
Poverty, overcrowding, homelessness, malnutrition and the AIDS pandemic has worsen the problem of tuberculosis in the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive with Nigeria being the fifth among the twenty-two high tuberculosis burden countries.To identify the epidemiological factors associated with the distribution of tuberculosis in Benin City, Nigeria.This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive one and carried out in two major public hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria, namely University of Benin Teaching Hospital (a tertiary hospital) and the Central Hospital (a secondary hospital) within one year period.The results of study revealed more males were affected than females (1.7:1). The mean age was 39.9 +/- 16.7 years with the largest number of patients (71.5%) being in the age groups 21 - 30 years. The major defaulters to anti-tuberculosis drugs were those with primary education and no formal education, which together constituted 80%.Tuberculosis was seen to be more common in males than females and the age group mostly affected was between 21 and 30 years. It still remains a disease of the low socio-economic status and those living in overcrowded environment. Compliance was poor amongst the uneducated and the poor.
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A Preliminary Investigation of Supplemental Computer-Assisted Reading Instruction on the Oral Reading Fluency and Comprehension of First-Grade African American Urban Students - Gibson, Lenwood; Cartledge, Gwendolyn; Keyes, Starr E. (Journal of Behavioral Education, 2011)
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Profile of amputations in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Go, Enweluzo; Giwa, Solomon O.; To, Adekoya-Cole; Mofikoya, BO (PubMed, 2011)
Amputation is a common surgical procedure for which there are several indications. There are few research works on the profile of amputation in Lagos.The study is to determine the pattern of amputation at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, and to identify the indications, types, morbidity and mortality associated with amputation.This was a retrospective study carried out at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between Jan.2007 and Dec. 2009. All records of patients were retrieved and selected data collated.A total of 127 patients presented between Jan. 2007 and Dec. 2009 with various indications for amputation. The mean age was 43.0 +/- 19.4 years. Male: female ratio was 1.7 to 1. Diabetic foot gangrene was the leading cause of amputation occurring in 55.14% of patients studied. Other major indications were trauma and malignancies. Below-knee amputation was the commonest type done (46.6%). Sepsis was the commonest complication (11.8%). The mortality rate of 11.8% was mainly due to co-morbidities.Amputation in our centre is more likely to be done on males and diabetics. Majority was below knee and was associated with significant mortality. Increasing public enlightenment and early presentation are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality as well as improve limb salvage in our population.
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Recognising Local Experiences for the Success of Vision 2030 in Kenya: Using Pen-Pals in Education as a Case - Hallberg, David (Journal of education and vocational research, 2011)
This study takes account of the everyday-life experience of a group of women in a resource-poor environment in Kenya. They are part of a group that the Kenyan Government wants to include in their investments in order to enhance social and economic equality. The overall purpose of the study is to learn about the potential impact of such investments on women in resource-poor environments in Kenya. In fulfilling its purpose the study takes into consideration (1) experiences of everyday-life among women in Lunga-Lunga and (2) maps strategies to recognise these experiences. The results of the study are expected to be fruitful as regards planning strategies that are of use for Vision 2030 and the development of Kenyan society. The study was carried out in two steps: the first consisted in participatory action research and the second was a follow-up study. To guide the study the notion of ‘experience’ is critical. During sessions and in letters to their pen-pals, the women express feelings regarding cultural, family, and health issues. For instance, some of the feelings experienced have arisen because the women are isolated from the larger world outside their own immediate environment and lack literacy skills. The study will be useful in planning governmental actions that strive to better recognise and educate citizens–especially women–in resource-poor environments.
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Intercultural adaptation to Russia of students from Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East - Ju., Chebotareva E. (Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика, 2011)
The article presents the results of empirical research revealing the cultural specificity in the levels and combinations of various aspects of intercultural adaptation of foreign students from Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and Central Asia to Russia. Students from Central Asia and Latin America have the most harmonious style of intercultural adaptation. In their structure of adaptation their outlook plays the leading role. Socialization occurs at a deeper (intrapersonal) level. Chinese students have a controversial and least effective style of adaptation. Emotional intelligence plays the leading role in it. It's very important for the Chinese to have clear goals in life and confidence in their accessibility, but uncertainty in foreign cultural environment frustrates them.
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Increasing Drought Sensitivity and Decline of Atlas Cedar (Cedrus atlantica) in the Moroccan Middle Atlas Forests - Linares, Juan Carlos; Taïqui, Lahcen; Camarero, J. Julio (Forests, 2011)
An understanding of the interactions between climate change and forest structure on tree growth are needed for decision making in forest conservation and management. In this paper, we investigated the relative contribution of tree features and stand structure on Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) radial growth in forests that have experienced heavy grazing and logging in the past. Dendrochronological methods were applied to quantify patterns in basal-area increment and drought sensitivity of Atlas cedar in the Middle Atlas, northern Morocco. We estimated the tree-to-tree competition intensity and quantified the structure in Atlas cedar stands with contrasting tree density, age, and decline symptoms. The relative contribution of tree age and size and stand structure to Atlas cedar growth decline was estimated by variance partitioning using partial-redundancy analyses. Recurrent drought events and temperature increases have been identified from local climate records since the 1970s. We detected consistent growth declines and increased drought sensitivity in Atlas cedar across all sites since the early 1980s. Specifically, we determined that previous growth rates and tree age were the strongest tree features, while Quercus rotundifolia basal area was the strongest stand structure measure related to Atlas cedar decline. As a result, we suggest that Atlas cedar forests that have experienced severe drought in combination with grazing and logging may be in the process of shifting dominance toward more drought-tolerant species such as Q. rotundifolia.
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Student anthropometric data and furniture mismatches in selected institutions in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria - Musa, Adekunle Ibrahim; Ismaila, Salami Olasunkanmi (Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2011)
This study is to determine whether design improvement and further study is required to improve the conditions in Nigeria tertiary institutions. The supplied standard government issued furniture was measured and anthropometrics measurements data were collected from 720 students of three randomly selected tertiary institutions in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, covering the age group of between 17 and 27 years. The data collected indicates a substantial degree of mismatch between the student anthropometric dimensions and the furniture they used. The chair is either too high or too deep for the students. The data also reveals that the desk is too high for most of the students. The variability between gender and age has profound impact on the mismatch level. The result is of great concern which could affect students in other institutions throughout Nigeria. Further investigations are suggested in order to provide better understanding of the problem and improve it.
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"Over and under exposures of radiotherapy patients at the A. B. U. Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria: case reports". - Olasinde, TA; Olugbemiro, AA (PubMed, 2011)
The Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria, commenced services with technical cooperation support from the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria in 1995. Brachytherapy services used to be offered at the ABUTH, Tudun-Wada, Zaria since 1995. Teletherapy and other Oncological services commenced at its Permanent Site, Shika- Zariaon Monday July, 2000.This is an incidental report of radiation over and under dose of 331 patients treated with Cobalt-60 machine (CIRUS) from July, 2000-December, 2002.105 (31.7%) of the patients received 10-20% higher doses than prescribed, 161 (48.6%) received about the prescribed dose while 65 (19.7%) of the patients received under dose.The purpose of the report is to highlight that incidents and accidents can occur with the radiotherapy equipment at any centre despite trained staff operating the equipment. Any incident or accident should be reported to the appropriate national and international atomic energy agencies.
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Sexual dysfunction among subjects with hypertension in a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Oshodi, O Y; Adeyemi, Joseph D.; Oke, David Mautin; Seedat, Soraya (PubMed, 2011)
In Africa, few studies highlight associations between sexual dysfunction and other medical conditions. It is important to know the experiences of these patients, how it affects their subsequent compliance with medications prescribed and also identify relevant factors that may be useful in planning for their care hence this study.The study is to examine the patterns of sexual dysfunction among stable hypertensive out patients.In a cross sectional descriptive study, 186 patients were enrolled. The Arizona Sexual Experiences scale (ASEX) and the General Health Questionnaire Version 12 (GHQ-12) were used.One hundred and eleven 56.7% had sexual dysfunctions, of these (33.3%) males and (66.6%) females. The mean sexual dysfunction score (on ASEX) for the hypertensive group was 14.51 (SD +/- 4.32), this was significantly higher than the figure obtained for the control group. Overall, female hypertensives experienced sexual dysfunction more than males. Males had mostly libido problems and most women had orgasmic problems.The study showed that sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent among stable patients with hypertension. Erectile dysfunction and orgasmic problems were the most common sexual dysfunctions experienced among male and female hypertensives respectively. It is recommended that monotherapy be encouraged and interventions planned for patients at higher risk.
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The Use of ICT in Education: Focus on Nigeria - Oye, N. D.; Shakil, Mohammed (Information Management and Business Review, 2011)
The use of ICT in educational settings is a catalyst for change. The paper has sought to explore the role of ICT in education as we progress into the 21st century. The first phase focuses on the conceptual framework of the use of ICT in education. In this model the dependent variable is education and its sub variables are educational level of teachers and students which is directly affected by the independent variables which are the use of ICTs, ICT infrastructure and staff development. The second phase is the pilot study to answer two major questions: (i) Is ICT mandatory or voluntary at your institutions? (ii) What are the greatest barriers to using ICT to you as an academician? The results show that majority of the academic staff (86%) responded that ICT is mandatory. However, the survey revealed that most of the part-time lecturers ticked the use of ICT as voluntary. Some of these part-time lecturers in the cadre of professors, responded to Q32 as (do not fit my program). Actually in their dispensation, lecturing was done using the chalk board only. The research confirms that two major barriers affect the use of ICT; they are lack of time to use ICT the systems and training opportunities. Respondents on these are 38% and 32% respectively. Based on these findings, the paper recommended that, all employed teachers in Federal, State and Private institutions should undertake mandatory training and retraining on ICT programmers. The government should develop ICT policies and guidelines for the application of ICT in education.
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The Role of Traditional Knowledge and Crop Varieties in Adaptation to Climate Change and Food Security in SW China, Bolivian Andes and coastal Kenya - Swiderska, Krystyna; Reid, Hannah; Song, Yougui; Li, Jingsong; Mutta, Doris; Ongugo, Paul O.; Pakia, Mohamed; Oros, R.; Barriga, Sandra (2011)
Paper prepared for the UNU-IAS workshop on Indigenous Peoples, Marginalised Populations and Climate Change: Vulnerability, Adaptation and Traditional Knowledge, Mexico, July 2011. Indigenous peoples and local communities often live in harsh natural environments, and have had to cope with extreme weather and adapt to environmental change for centuries in order to survive. They have done this using long standing traditions and practices – or traditional knowledge (TK) – relating to adaptive ecosystem management and sustainable use of natural resources. The three case studies presented provide evidence of the crucial role of traditional crop varieties, knowledge and practices in enabling adaption to changes in climate. The question is whether the climatic changes observed in these cases are human induced climate change or just natural changes. The findings show that indigenous farmers in SW China, coastal Kenya and the Bolivian Andes are already severely impacted by changes in climate, including drought, with serious consequences for crop production and food security. The scale of the changes, and the fact that they have occurred quite recently (in the last 10 or 20 years), suggests that they may be the result of human induced climate change.
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Quality of documentation of urethral catheterization in a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Tijani, KH; Lawal, A O; Ojewola, RW; Badmus, Tajudeen A. (PubMed, 2011)
Urethral catheterization is a common minimally invasive procedure with well-known complications some of which may be severe. Quite often, a clinician is invited to manage the short and long-term complications of the procedure without adequate records of the procedure itself.This study aims to determine the quality of documentation of urethral catheterization in our health institution.This prospective study was carried out over a period of 1 month. The documentations in the medical notes and nursing records with respect to urethral catheterisation were assessed using 10 different parameters with the aid of a pro-forma. Statistical analysis was done with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.A total of 89 patients were catheterised in the wards, the emergency departments and the theatre. All the catheterizations were performed by doctors. The overall quality of documentation of catheterisation was poor: It was significantly worse in the medical notes than the nursing records with 28% of all cases documented by the nurses not documented by the physicians. Documentation in the theatre and emergency were worse, while there was no documentation of aseptic technique in any patient. An 11% incidence of complications was noted.The quality of record keeping concerning urethral catheterization was inadequate. This is important not only for patients' care, but also for medico-legal purposes. We therefore recommend regular audit and introduction of protocols for proper documentation.
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Relationship between selected anthropometric variables and prevalence of flatfoot among urban and rural school children in south west Nigeria. - To, Abolarin; Ai, Aiyegbusi; Ba, Tella; Akinbo (PubMed, 2011)
Flat foot is a common reason for attendance at children's orthopaedic clinics. Its prevalence which varies from one population to the other has been reported to be influenced by various factors.This study investigated the effect of nutritional status as indicated by factors such as height, weight and BMI on the prevalence of flatfoot in school age children in urban and rural areas in south-western Nigeria.This study involved 560 children with age range 6 to 12 years. They were divided into two groups; rural and urban. The demographic and anthropometric data of all the subjects was taken. Each subject's static footprint was taken on a white duplicating paper after which the instep was measured and the footprint classified into high arch, normal, flat or severe flat. The body mass index and nutritional status of each subject was calculated from the anthropometric data. Epi Info statistical package programme version 3.5.1 (2008) was used to analyse the data.There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) prevalence of flatfoot between the rural dwelling (18.2%) and the urban dwelling (32.9%) children. Anthropometric measurements were significantly higher in urban than in rural children. Nutritional status of urban children was also significantly higher than that of the rural children.Flatfoot is more prevalent in school age children in urban area than in the rural area; age and body mass index being the primary predictors for flatfoot.
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Stressful life events, vulnerable to stress and depression among Eritrean High School students - Allam, Zafrul (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2011)
The present study was carried out to observe the difference between male and female Eritrean students on the basis of stressful life events, vulnerable to stress and depression. Stressful life Events Questionnaire, Vulnerable to Stress Instrument and Beck Depression Scale were administered to gatherinformation. The data were analyzed by using Means, Standard Deviations, and ‘‘t’-test to compare the groups. The results revealed that (i) female students showed more stressful life events than male students (ii) male and female groups were found significantly difference with stress and (iii) female students found significantly more depression than male counterparts.Based on findings researcher has given some suggestions.
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Risk factors and microbial isolates of puerperal sepsis at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria - Bako, Babagana; Audu, BM; Lawan, Zara Mairam; Umar, Jidda B. (Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2011)
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Medical education in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review - Greysen, S. Ryan; Dovlo, Dela; Olapade-Olaopa, E.O.; Jacobs, Marian; Sewankambo, Nelson; Mullan, Fitzhugh (Medical Education, 2011)
This review synthesises research published in the traditional and 'grey' literature to promote a broader understanding of the history and current status of medical education in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).We performed an extensive review and analysis of existing literature on medical education in SSA. Relevant literature was identified through searches of five traditional medical databases and three non-traditional or grey literature databases featuring many African journals not indexed by the traditional databases. We focused our inquiry upon three themes of importance to educators and policymakers: innovation; capacity building, and workforce retention.Despite the tremendous heterogeneity of languages and institutions in the region, the available literature is published predominantly in English in journals based in South Africa, the UK and the USA. In addition, first authors usually come from those countries. Several topics are thoroughly described in this literature: (i) human resources planning priorities; (ii) curricular innovations such as problem-based and community-based learning, and (iii) the 'brain drain' and internal drain. Other important topics are largely neglected, including: (i) solution implementation; (ii) programme outcomes, and (iii) the development of medical education as a specialised field of inquiry.Medical education in SSA has undergone dramatic changes over the last 50 years, which are recorded within both the traditionally indexed literature and the non-traditional, grey literature. Greater diversity in perspectives and experiences in medical education, as well as focused inquiry into neglected topics, is needed to advance medical education in the region. Lessons learned from this review may be relevant to other regions afflicted by doctor shortages and inequities in health care resulting from inadequate capacity in medical education; the findings from this study might be used to inform specific efforts to address these issues.
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Some Like It Hot: The Influence and Implications of Climate Change on Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and Coffee Production in East Africa - Jaramillo, Juliana; Muchugu, Eric; Vega, Fernando E.; Davis, Aaron P.; Borgemeister, Christian; Chabi-Olaye, A. (PLOS ONE, 2011)
The negative effects of climate change are already evident for many of the 25 million coffee farmers across the tropics and the 90 billion dollar (US) coffee industry. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), the most important pest of coffee worldwide, has already benefited from the temperature rise in East Africa: increased damage to coffee crops and expansion in its distribution range have been reported. In order to anticipate threats and prioritize management actions for H. hampei we present here, maps on future distributions of H. hampei in coffee producing areas of East Africa. Using the CLIMEX model we relate present-day insect distributions to current climate and then project the fitted climatic envelopes under future scenarios A2A and B2B (for HADCM3 model). In both scenarios, the situation with H. hampei is forecasted to worsen in the current Coffea arabica producing areas of Ethiopia, the Ugandan part of the Lake Victoria and Mt. Elgon regions, Mt. Kenya and the Kenyan side of Mt. Elgon, and most of Rwanda and Burundi. The calculated hypothetical number of generations per year of H. hampei is predicted to increase in all C. arabica-producing areas from five to ten. These outcomes will have serious implications for C. arabica production and livelihoods in East Africa. We suggest that the best way to adapt to a rise of temperatures in coffee plantations could be via the introduction of shade trees in sun grown plantations. The aims of this study are to fill knowledge gaps existing in the coffee industry, and to draft an outline for the development of an adaptation strategy package for climate change on coffee production. An abstract in Spanish is provided as Abstract S1.
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Are we addressing the health sciences education needs of sub-Saharan Africa? - Kent, Athol; Burch, Vanessa (Medical Education, 2011)
Medical EducationVolume 45, Issue 10 p. 966-968 commentaries Are we addressing the health sciences education needs of sub-Saharan Africa? Athol Kent, Athol Kent Cape Town, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorVanessa C Burch, Vanessa C Burch Cape Town, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author Athol Kent, Athol Kent Cape Town, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorVanessa C Burch, Vanessa C Burch Cape Town, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 September 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04061.xCitations: 4 Athol Kent, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7700, South Africa. Tel: 00 27 21 686 4935; Fax: 00 27 21 686 4772; E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Chen L, Evans T, Anand S et al. Human resources: overcoming the crisis. Lancet 2004; 364: 1984– 90. 2 World Health Organization. World Health Report 2006. Working Together for Health. http://www.who.int/whr/2006/en/. [Accessed 21 May 2011.] 3 Greysen SR, Dovlo D, Olapade-Olaopa EO, Jacobs M, Sewankambo N, Mullan F. Medical education in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review. Med Educ 2011; 45: 973– 86. 4 Norcini J, Burdick W, Morahan P. The FAIMER Institute: creating international networks of medical educators. Med Teach 2005; 27: 214– 8. 5 Burdick WP, Morahan PS, Norcini JJ. Slowing the brain drain: FAIMER education programmes. Med Teach 2006; 28: 631– 4. 6 Burdick W, Friedman S, Diserens D. Faculty development projects for international health professions educators: vehicles for institutional change? Med Teach 2011 (In press). 7 Burdick WP, Diserens D, Friedman SR, Morahan PS, Kalishman S, Eklund MA, Mennin S, Norcini JJ. Measuring the effects of an international health professions faculty development fellowship: the FAIMER Institute. Med Teach 2010; 32: 414– 21. 8 Burdick WP, Morahan PS, Norcini JJ. Capacity building in medical education and health outcomes in developing countries: the missing link. Educ Health 2007; 20(3):65. 9 Medical Education Partnership Initiative. http://www.fc.nih.gov/Programs/Pages/medical-education-africa.aspx. [Accessed 26 August 2011.] 10 van Heerden BB. Information about the MPhil in health sciences education at the University of Stellenbosch. African J Health Prof Educ 2009; 1: 17. http://www.ajhpe.org.za/index.php/ajhpe/article/viewFile/37/7. [Accessed 21 May 2011.] 11 The Network: Towards Unity for Health. Education for Health. http://www.the-networktufh.org/publications_resources/educationforhealth.asp. [Accessed 22 May 2011.] 12 Africa Journal of Health Professions Education. http://www.ajhpe.org.za. [Accessed 21 May.] 13 Burch V. Does Africa need another journal? African J Health Prof Educ 2009; 1: 1. http://www.ajhpe.org.za/index.php/ajhpe/article/viewFile/33/2. [Accessed 21 May 2011.] Citing Literature Volume45, Issue10October 2011Pages 966-968 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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P14.08: Teaching basic ultrasound skills at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda - Khorrami, Homa; Magriples, Urania; Galerneau, France; Namagembe, Imelda (Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 2011)
Mulago Hospital is a referral hospital located on the outskirts of the city center that is also a teaching hospital under the Makerere University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. The labor and delivery unit has nearly 31,000 deliveries occurring there in 2009. Basic ultrasound skills are useful in the assessment and management of obstetric patients. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching intervention (via pre and post test survey) that will be implemented to teach basic ultrasound skills, such as identification of fetal lie, placental position, amniotic fluid volume assessment and recognition of fetal breathing and motion, to residents, interns and medical students at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. The teaching intervention includes a combination of didactic and demonstration of skills about 1–2 hours in length total. Each participant completed a pre and post survey to assess their knowledge and skills. Data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel and SAS software. On average, scores between the pre and post test improved by 1.6 times for all participants (n = 37, P = 0.001). Participants included 12 medical students, 21 interns and 4 residents. Scores of medical students and interns improved more significantly, 2.3 times (P < 0.001) and 2.0 times (P < 0.001), respectively, than scores of residents (1.2 times, P = 0.30). This original teaching intervention was an effective method to improve knowledge and skills for medical students and interns at Mulago Hospital in the area of basic obstetric ultrasound.
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Lichens Used as Monitors of Atmospheric Pollution Around Agadir (Southwestern Morocco)—A Case Study Predating Lead-Free Gasoline - Monna, Fabrice; Bouchaou, Lhoussaine; Rambeau, Claire; Losno, R.; Bruguier, Olivier; Dongarrà, G.; Black, Stuart; Château, Carmela (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011)
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The diaspora and the reconstruction of education in Southern Sudan - Blaak, M.; Linden, C. J. Van Der (2011)
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Towards Adaptive Integrated Water Resources Management in Southern Africa: The Role of Self-organisation and Multi-scale Feedbacks for Learning and Responsiveness in the Letaba and Crocodile Catchments - Pollard, Sharon; Toit, Derick du (Water Resources Management, 2011)
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Working in Partnership to Improve Education in Niger - Tounkara, Ndeye Marianne (2011)
This case study focuses on Oxfam’s programme in the Tillaberi region of Niger, where many people have little or no access to basic services. The programme aims to improve children’s (and especially girls’) access to basic education in the pastoral and agro-pastoral communities where we work, and to improve the school environment so that fewer children drop out. Oxfam is doing this by improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities, and motivating teachers and children to promote good hygiene in schools and in homes. This study highlights the importance of engaging different stakeholders in the programme to tackle the broad range of educational challenges. This case study is part of a series designed to illustrate how Oxfam GB has been working with partner organisations, schools and communities to integrate water, sanitation and hygiene into education programmes to tackle some of the biggest obstacles that prevent children from going to school.
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Climate change and vunerability of fish farmers in Southwestern Nigeria - Adebo, Grace Modupe; Ayelari, Tolu Anthony (African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011)
Production systems and livelihoods in South Western Nigeria are at risk of climate variability and change; the fisheries sectors are no exception. The study examined the vulnerability of fish farmers in Ondo and Ekiti States of Nigeria to Climate change. A total of 120 respondents were purposively selected, interviewed and used for data analysis. Result indicated that the fish farmers in Ondo and Ekiti States witnessed unprecedented change in weather conditions as reflected in unusual excessive downpour of rain thus affecting their productivity through flooding. Most of these fish producers were young, mainly males, literates, and experienced fish farmers but relied mainly on personal savings and money borrowed from friends and relatives for fish farming. They practiced the extensive system of fish culture, utilizing local feeds and depended mainly on streams, rivers and rainfall. Fish production is concentrated in wet season. Most farm sizes were below 1 ha, and utilized earthen pond. About 65% experienced flooding with about 61.6% loosing within 3501 to 5000 fishes at a time. All categories of fishes were flooded. Majority of the fish farms were not insured by any insurance company while the few that were insured experienced untimely and inadequate compensation, also very few received compensation from the Government. Climate change resulted in low productivity, low income, starvation, poor health as well as poor standard of living of the respondents. Key words: Fish production, climate change, vulnerability, fish farmers.
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Talib or Taliban? Indonesian students in Pakistan and Yemen - Bubalo, Anthony; Phillips, Sarah; Yasmeen, Samina (2011)
This paper looks at the issue of Indonesian students who study at Islamic educational institutions in Pakistan and Yemen. Its primary goal is to understand whether the presence of Indonesian students at Islamic institutions in Pakistan and Yemen poses a risk, either in terms of radicalisation, or in the formation (or re-formation) of direct contacts between Indonesian extremist groups and counterparts in these countries such as al-Qaeda. In the last decade Indonesia has mounted a very successful counter-terrorism campaign. But while the terrorist threat is greatly reduced, it has not completely disappeared. In particular there has been a decentralisation of the terrorist threat away from large movements, notably Jemaah Islamiyyah (JI), towards smaller groups. The emergence of new terrorist threats in coming years will ultimately depend on what happens within Indonesia. Nevertheless, if al-Qaeda or similar groups were able to create new venues for the training and indoctrination of Indonesian extremists either in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen or elsewhere, this would pose a challenge for Indonesian counter-terror efforts. Not only could this improve the technical proﬁciency of Indonesian extremists or open up new sources of funding, but it would once again provide, in the cloistered atmosphere of the training camp, networks of personal loyalty and an excellent incubator for the production of hardened followers of the al-Qaeda or other extremist narratives.
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Climate Change Impact on Quiver Trees in Arid Namibia and South Africa - Guo, Daoyou; Guo, R.; Cui, Yanhong; Midgley, Guy F.; Altwegg, Res; Thiart, Christien (2011)
The climate fluctuates and changes naturally, and adding the common problems of land transformation and deforestation, its impact can be very harsh on the natural environment, and cause a decline in the biodiversity of plants and animals. Aloe dichotoma, common name Quiver tree, is an important part of the arid regions, such as Namaqualand and Bushmanland in South Africa, and in arid parts of southern Namibia. This succulent tree species occurs in rocky areas, and it can grow quite rapidly under the right conditions. Succulents are able to survive long periods of drought conditions, due to the fact succulent plants has special water-storing tissue which makes part of the plant fleshy, and the Quiver tree has succulent leaf and stem (Van Wyk and Smith, 1996). The Quiver tree has a 200 year life span, and can grow up to 9 meters tall, and it occurs in summer and winter rainfall regions, and can live under a variety of climatic conditions (Fig. 1). The Quiver tree is important to the ecosystem due to the fact that it is as a source of moisture for a wide variety of mammals, birds, and insects. Foden’s detailed study of the demographic data of the Quiver trees show that negligible recruitment has occurred in certain populations for 50 years, and the effects of non-climatic variables, such as herbivory, competition, seed availability, fungal pathogens, plant collection... are very small (Foden, 2002). Today, the Quiver trees are threatened by agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and mining, as well as droughts and other climate changes (Foden, 2002). Climate changes is one of the major factors affecting the existence of Quiver trees, while the Quiver tree will unlikely to be affected by small climatic fluctuations, but will be affected larger or long term climatic changes. The Quiver tree can potentially provide a good indication of long term climate changes in the arid regions (Foden, 2002). Previous onsite observations show that Quiver trees are very sensitive to temperature changes, and does not do well under extreme hot and dry conditions. Observations has also shown that the Quiver trees might be responding to higher temperatures by shifting its distribution range towards higher and higher altitudes, showing a preference for slightly cooler regions (Midgley et al., 2009).
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Evaluation of Motivation of Faculty in Ghana Higher Education - Gyamfi, Gerald Dapaah (2011)
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Research productivity in selected higher education institutions in Nigeria - Isola, O.O.; Siyanbola, W.O.; Ilori, Matthew O. (2011)
This paper discusses critical input and output factors of research and development (RD significantly contribute to research productivity.
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Establishing a quality culture in Higher Education: A South African perspective - Kruger, David; Ramdass, Kemlall (2011)
The merger of Higher Education Institutions (HEI's) has created monolithic organisations of inefficiency and ineffectiveness in administrative and academic processes. It was the result of mismatched and outdated processes inherited from merged institutions. The student or customer is deprived of a quality service by the unwieldy processes. The end users of the product from the HEI's are uncertain of the quality of the finished product that would be employable. Employers measure qualified students to certain quality standards. In the past-two decades industry realized to remain competitive, continuous improvement became imperative for success. HEI's is not excluded from competitive pressures. The debate currently raging is whether total quality management (TQM) principles could be applied in HEI's. The methodology of TQM has been utilized in industry over an extended period of time with impressive results. A major obstacle in applying TQM in HEI's is the argument that there are environmental differences between industry and HEI's. The aim of the article is to find common ground between industry and HEI's. The above could be achieved by tailoring the major features and potentialities of basic TQM principles and guidelines to fit HEI's.
openalex: W2150766577 mag: 2150766577
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Anal cleansing practices and faecal contamination: a preliminary investigation of behaviours and conditions in schools in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya - McMahon, Shannon A.; Caruso, Bethany A.; Obure, Alfredo; Okumu, Fred; Rheingans, Richard (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2011)
Summary Objective To learn how children in rural schools in Nyando District, Kenya clean themselves after defecation. Methods Six focus group discussions were held with boys and girls ages 12–15 in three rural schools in mid‐2009. Parents were interviewed in one setting. In early 2010, a survey of head teachers was conducted in 114 schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya, to assess the provision of anal cleansing materials and handwashing water and soap in schools. Results Anal cleansing behaviour is linked with access to materials, age, social pressure, perceived personal risk of illness and emotional factors. Materials used for anal cleansing include schoolbook paper, leaves, grasses, stones, corncobs and one’s own hands. Students have knowledge gaps in terms of personal hygiene. They were forthcoming with information on their anal cleansing practices. Almost no schools budgeted for or provided anal cleansing materials regularly. Conclusion Anal cleansing is a necessary human activity. However, because of social taboos, there are few articles on the topic. School health plans overlook it as well. Researchers need to determine if and how current practices could harm child health to inform policy.
openalex: W1534813811 mag: 1534813811
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Creating Learning Communities: Benefits and Challenges for Higher Education in Nigeria - Muhammad, Ibrahim Nuruddeen (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
Higher education plays a great role in the growth of physical and intellectual skills of individuals so vital for national development. However, for some time now, graduates from institutions of higher learning have been found wanting not only in Nigeria but also in other countries. Many university and college graduates are deficient and inadequately prepared for work and for the tasks of citizenship especially in times of crisis. This lack of competence is partly traceable to the weakness in traditional instructional design in content and method. The emergence of learning communities as an alternative approach to higher education curricular is an innovation that is promising. This paper explores this novelty that learning communities present and advocates that higher education in Nigeria stands to benefit by adopting it.
openalex: W2280878229 mag: 2280878229
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptives among Adama University Female Students, Ethiopia - Tilahun, Dejene; Assefa, Tsion; Belachew, Tefera (Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2011)
Unwanted pregnancy followed by unsafe abortion is one of the major worldwide health problems, which has many negative consequences on the health and well-being of women. Information about women's knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptives plays a major role in the reduction of unwanted pregnancy; however, there are no studies about this issue in the study area. This study assessed Adama University female students' knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptives.A cross-sectional study design was employed from February 1 to 30/2009, on 660 regular undergraduate female students of Adama University. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16.0. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between variables and emergency contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice. P-value less than 0.05 at 95% CI was taken for statistical significance.Of the total, 660 respondents, 194(29.4%) were sexually active, 63(9.4%) had history of pregnancy and 49(7.4%) had history of abortion. About 309 (46.8%) of the students had heard about emergency contraceptives and from those who heard emergency contraceptives, 27.2% had good knowledge. Majority, four hundred fifteen (62.9%) of the students had positive attitude towards it. However, only 31(4.7%) had used emergency contraceptive methods.This study demonstrated lack of awareness, knowledge and utilization of emergency contraceptives among Adama University female students. Hence behavioral change strategies should be considered by responsible bodies to improve knowledge and bring attitudinal change on use of emergency contraception.
openalex: W1983883954 mag: 1983883954
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InSAR Applied to the Study of Active Volcanic and Seismic Areas in Africa - Wauthier, C. (2011)
openalex: W45459454 mag: 45459454
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher factors and perceived assessment practices needs of social studies teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria - Ekuri, Emmanuel E.; Egbai, Julius Michael; Ita, Caroline Iserome (Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 2011)
openalex: W2000161949 mag: 2000161949
Keywords: openalex:import

Science Teachers' and Students' Dialogue in Junior High School Classes in Ghana : A Focus on Teacher Responses to Students' Incorrect Answers - Beccles, Christopher; Ikeda, Hideo (Journal of Science Education in Japan, 2011)
openalex: W258450391 mag: 258450391
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An observational study on changes in biometry and generation time of Odontophora villoti (Nematoda, Axonolaimidae) related to petroleum pollution in Bizerte bay, Tunisia - Boufahja, Fehmi; Hedfi, Amor; Essid, Naceur; Aïssa, Patricia; Mahmoudi, Ebrahim; Beyrem, Hamouda (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2011)
openalex: W2035262422 mag: 2035262422
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Uganda: Educational Reform, the Rural–Urban Digital Divide, and the Prospects for GIS in Schools - Ayorekire, Jim; Twinomuhangi, Revocatus (2011)
openalex: W61630568 mag: 61630568
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Survey of Ascaris lumbricoides among pupils of primary school in Jos south local government area of Plateau State, Nigeria - Dangana, Amos (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011)
Ascaris lumbricoides was surveyed among pupils of primary schools in Jos south local government. Four schools were visited: National Research Institute Staff Primary School, Rita Primary School, Joseph Primary School and St Andrew Primary School. A total of 471 samples were collected from pupils of these schools and processed using formol-ether concentration technique. Only 1 (0.2%) pupil from St Andrew Primary School was positive for A. lumbricoides. The prevalence of the infection among the age group showed that 1 (0.9%) in the age group (5 to 9) years was positive while the sex distribution showed a prevalence of 1(0.4%) among the male and no positive case was recorded among the females. The overall prevalence of other parasitic infections was 8.3% with hookworm having the highest prevalence of (5.3%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica with (0.6%), and Giardia lamblia (0.5%), while Hymenolepis nana and Taenia species had both a prevalence of (0.2%). Key word: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Taenia, prevalence, primary schools, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
openalex: W2098464684 mag: 2098464684
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South Africa: Teaching Geography with GIS Across Diverse Technological Contexts - Eksteen, Sanet Patricia; Pretorius, Erika; Breetzke, Gregory Dennis (2011)
openalex: W2137878523 mag: 2137878523
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Rwanda: Socioeconomic Transformation to a Knowledge-Based Economy Through the Integration of GIS in Secondary Schools - Forster, Martina; Burikoko, Theodore; Nsengiyumva, Albert (2011)
openalex: W130822857 mag: 130822857
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Evaluation of pre-service training on integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness in Ethiopia - Haileamlak, Abraham; Hailu, Sirak; Nida, Hailu; Desta, Teshome; Tesema, Tesfaye Sisay (Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2011)
Background: The Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness strategy equips health workers with essential knowledge and skills to effectively manage sick children with common neonatal and childhood diseases.Since in-service training is very demanding to achieve the desired coverage of training of health workers, preservice training is taken as a solution.At the time of the survey, most public and some private health professionals' training institutions were conducting pre-service training.However, several concerns have been expressed on the training.Therefore, this survey was conducted to assess the status of pre-service Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness training.Methods: A cross sectional survey on health professional training institutes/schools to evaluate pre-service Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness training was conducted in November 2007.Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaires, focused group interviews with teachers and students, observation of students while managing sick children using Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness guidelines, and reviews of pediatric course outlines and other teaching/learning materials.Data was entered in computer and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 12.0.1.Results: Twenty nine health professionals' training institutions (34 academic programs) which have started preservice training were included in the survey.Of the 34 programs 22 were diploma nursing, 6 Bachelor of Sciences nursing, 4 health officer and the remaining two medicine.Thirty (88.2%) programs have integrated it in their curriculum.All academic programs had at least one fulltime staff for Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness classroom instruction.Twenty nine (85.3%) programs had staff trained in case management skills.All the 34 academic programs taught health workers skills, 28(82.3%)used mixed approach.Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness was either incorporated for 21 (61.8%) or added to the previous teaching 11 (32.3%).The instructor to student ratio was low for most of the schools.Main challenges encountered in the preservice teaching were constraints with trained staff and other resources each by 28 (82.3%)programs.Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness was included in student evaluation by all programs (100%).All students and instructors (100%) rated that Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness concept is very relevant or extremely relevant but majority said the time given was short.The over all mean score of students clinical practice was 63.5%. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness was introduced into the teaching programs of most health professional training institutions.The most preferred teaching style was the mixed approach.Group discussion and demonstration were commonly used methods and Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness questions were included in students' evaluation in almost all programs.Shortage of IMNCI trained staff and teaching materials were major challenges.The use of teaching materials prepared for pre-service training like handbook and model chapter was limited.Instructors and students attitude towards IMNCI was very good.The students overall performance in managing sick child as per the IMNCI guidelines was above average.We recommend that the respective bodies at every level make every effort to strengthen IMNCI pre-service teaching through revisiting curricula, facilitating staff training, availing teaching materials and allocating adequate time.Exploring for an alternative/innovative and sustainable training approach is an assignment for all.
openalex: W2054895417 mag: 2054895417
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Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Water: Sub-Saharan Africa - Lutz, Alexandra (2011)
Current scientific consensus predicts that continuing and significant climate changes arising from increasing greenhouse gas emissions will occur in coming decades, likely resulting in widespread alterations to hydrologic conditions.Hydrologic alterations are challenging for sustainable development of water resources, because of the direct reliance on the hydrologic cycle for adequate supplies of water and the cycle's inherent vulnerability to change of temperature, precipitation, and streamflow.According to the IPCC, African countries are more vulnerable to changes of climate and resultant effects due to lack of capacity and economic development.200 million people already water-stressed in Africa.Providing access to adequate supplies of water has been a high priority on the agenda of organizations working in the international development community.Progress has been made, but some of the greatest challenges that developing nations continue to face include providing access to water, while successfully managing it as an environmental resource, and mitigating the potential effects of climate change as this resource continues to be developed.Development and management of water resources has long proceeded under the assumption of a relatively constant climate, subject to some natural fluctuation.Critical water infrastructure in developed countries, such as the Colorado River System, are designed to buffer variability in precipitation and streamflow over time scales of a few years to a decade.Water infrastructure in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa is struggling to provide adequate water to inhabitants.Variability in precipitation and streamflow, in the form of a drought, has had devastating consequences.Access to water affects complex feedback loops between natural resources, land use, hydrologic and climate cycles, policy, population growth, agriculture, socio-economics of development, and stakeholders.The combination of rapid population growth, extreme climate, and uncertainties of inadequate data will have a disproportionate effect on Africa.Already, environmental and human crises have results from inadequate, or mismanaged, access to water in both developed and developing countries.As Sub-Saharan Africa continues to grow, climate change poses uncertainties for resources.This chapter reviews aspects of population growth, agriculture, and development within the feedback loops; what is known and projected with respect to climate change; hydrologic alterations of surface water and groundwater; caveats; and planning and the path forward. www.intechopen.comClimate Change -Socioeconomic Effects 104 Feedback loops Population growthSub-Saharan Africa has some of the highest growth rates in the world ranging from 1.6 to 3.1 % per year (Taylor et al., 2009).The population is expected to double in the next thirty years.In general, the African population does not have adequate access to water.Local governments and agencies have been working to improve access to water, and progress has been made.At the current rate of work, the Millenium Development Goal of halving the proportion of people without access to water by 2015 will be not met in 2040 (Stampini et al., 2009).The rate of work cannot keep up with population growth and urbanization.Groundwater is increasingly developed as an economically viable solution to meet demand for water resources.In Uganda, for example, 70% of water supplied to 782 small towns is groundwater piped via deep boreholes (Mileham et al., 2009).Reasons for developing groundwater include: ease of developing hand-pumps in remote locales; availability during drought; superior chemical and biological quality (compared with surface water sources); and relative low price compared with methods of treating surface water (Dapaah-Siakwan and Gyau-Boakye, 2000;Gyau-Boakye, 2001).In the latter case, for instance, costs of treating water derived from surface sources is approximately twice that of groundwater for communities of less than 5,000 people (Gyau-Boakye, 2001).Surface water sources are also being developed via small dams and impoundments, but may become less reliable.Per capita surface water supplies in Mali, for instance, are projected to decline by 52% due to an increase of population and a predicted decrease in rainfall.It is anticipated that the per capita decrease in freshwater sources will intensify stress on groundwater resources.If downward climate projections reported for precipitation and surface water availability continue, there may be negative implications for long-term supply of groundwater resources. AgricultureClimate change and resultant alterations to hydrologic conditions affects agriculture via food security.The 75 to 250 million people in sub-saharan Africa could be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change and rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by 50% (Edmunds, 2009).Agricultural production may be severely compromised due to increases in temperature, evaporative demand, and rainfall.Unreliable and declining rainfall already threatens smallholder, subsistence family farms, which form the backbone of most local economies.These small farms are estimated to account for 70% of agricultural production.To have more reliable, and potentially increased, crop yields for self-sufficiency or export, "efforts should be intensified to support water resource and small-scale irrigation development" (Perret, 2006).Mechanized systems, already in place at some boreholes that access groundwater, can be optimized to extract groundwater for agriculture at much higher rates than for domestic use alone.In Ghana, for instance, there a nationwide drive towards extracting groundwater resources for irrigation of vegetables throughout the year, since over 50% of the country's gross domestic product comes from the agricultural sector, which is primarily rain-fed (Banoeng-Yakubo et al., 2009).Use of surface and groundwater for agriculture has had varying results.In the US, for example, irrigation for agriculture has led to no issues of food security, but over-extraction of groundwater resulting in groundwater declines, land subsidence, drying up of www.intechopen.com
openalex: W1539957668 mag: 1539957668
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Effect of fruiting on micronutrients, antinutrients and toxic substances in Telfairia occidentalis grown in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria | Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Open Education Resources (OER) - Musa, Amanabo; Ogbadoyi, Emmanuel O.; Oladiran, Johnson A.; Ezenwa, Matthew I. S.; Akanya, Helmina O. (2011)
openalex: W3000894894 mag: 3000894894
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Assessment of Water Pollution Levels in the Nyabugogo Catchment, Rwanda - Nhapi, Innocent (The open environmental engineering journal, 2011)
This study aims to develop a comprehensive system of pollution monitoring and control in the Nyabugogo catchment of Rwanda, which also includes the capital city, Kigali, through locating and highlighting pollution and its sources.Pollution hotspots were identified, covering areas of both anthropogenic and natural pollution.The study focused on water quality assessment especially the identification of the critical points of pollution (hotspots), by measuring selected physico-chemical parameters in the Nyabugogo River system.An extensive monthly water quality monitoring study was conducted from October 2008 to May 2009 and covered nutrients, organic and heavy metal pollutants.The parameters covered are Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), Nitric-Nitrogen (NO 2 -N), Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO 3 -N), Sulphates (SO 4 ), Phosphates (PO 4 -P), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Conductivity (EC), pH, and Turbidity.The samples were collected, preserved and analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods whilst TDS, conductivity, turbidity and pH were measured in the field using HACH field kits.The water quality study revealed that both urbanized and rural sub-catchments have serious but different types of pollution.For example, the water from rural areas is heavily contaminated with nutrients, suspended sediments (due to a lot of erosion upstream) and organic materials whilst from urban areas the predominant pollutants are heavy metals and some nutrients.It was therefore concluded that the Nyabugogo River system is very heavily polluted and urgent action to control both rural and urban pollution is required.Further studies are required to isolate and quantify the sources of this pollution.
openalex: W1967693382 mag: 1967693382
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Ghana: Prospects for Secondary School GIS Education in a Developing Country - Oppong, Joseph R.; Ofori-Amoah, Benjamin (2011)
openalex: W959806500 mag: 959806500
Keywords: openalex:import

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Graduating Female Students of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia - Tajure, N (Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2011)
BACKGROUND: Emergency contraception refers to methods that women can use to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse, method failure or incorrect use. Unwanted pregnancy followed by unsafe abortion can be avoided by using different contraceptive methods including emergency contraceptives. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraception among graduating female students of Jimma University main campus. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University main campus in 2009. The calculated sample size was allocated to each faculty proportions to size of female students. Then within the faculty the sample unit was selected by using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using self administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS for widow version 16.0. RESULTS: A total of 389 (96.5%) volunteered graduating female students participated in the study. One hundred sixty three (41.9%) were ever heard of Emergency Contraceptive, only 11(6.8%) used the method. The common sources of information were friends 60 (36.5%), radio 37 (22.8%) and television 20 (12.3%). One hundred sixteen (71.2%) agreed to use Emergency Contraceptive when they practice unintended sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: Awareness and use of emergency contraception among graduating female students of Jimma University was low. There is a need to educate adolescents about emergency contraceptives, with emphasis on available methods and correct timing of use.
openalex: W4327850807
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Gender and occupational perspectives on adaptation to climate extremes in the Afram Plains of Ghana - Codjoe, Samuel Nii Ardey; Atidoh, Lucy Kafui; Burkett, Virginia (Climatic Change, 2011)
openalex: W1970633118 mag: 1970633118
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Pollution impact of cement production on air, soil and water in a production location in Nigeria - Ogedengbe, K.; Oke, AO (Journal of the University of Science and Technology, 2011)
Environmental pollution caused by the activities of Ewekoro Cement production facility of the West African Portland Cement (WAPC, Plc), Ogun State, Nigeria was studied at some terrestrial and aquatic receptor locations within the catchments area of the production plant which has been in operation for over 40years. Air, water and soil samples of the adjoining villages (Ajobiewe, Olapeleke, Alaguntan and Wasinmi) were analyzed. High particulate matter depositions were recorded for all the sampling locations. Dusts emitted from the cement factory were rich in heavy metals. Heavy metals concentration at Ajobiewe, Olapeleke and Alaguntan were significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with those obtained at Wasimi -the farthest location from the pollution source, which served as control for particulate and soil sampling. The distribution of heavy metals in the soil sampled followed in decreasing order of Mn>Ni>Fe>Cr>Zn>Cu>Co>Pb>Cd. Heavy metals concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05) at the closest locations around the plant compared to Wasinmi (the control). Basic cations and anions in the water samples from the 3 rivers draining the area were within internationally recommended values for irrigation except the electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate (NO 3-) in Alaguntan River which were found to be above the maximum permissible limits by 5.41% and 64.30% respectively.Comparatively, heavy metals concentration were significantly higher (p<0.05) in samples from Alaguntan River than in corresponding sample from Elebute and Itori Rivers.Heavy metals concentration in these rivers were high compared to similar rivers at other places with no cement production.These elevated heavy metal levels may be a limitation to using the rivers for irrigation.
openalex: W2005085351 mag: 2005085351
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Impacts of Coastal Inundation Due to Climate Change in a CLUSTER of Urban Coastal Communities in Ghana, West Africa - Addo, Kwasi Appeaning; Larbi, Lloyd; Amisigo, Barnabas; Ofori-Danson, Patrick K. (Remote Sensing, 2011)
The increasing rates of sea level rise caused by global warming within the 21st century are expected to exacerbate inundation and episodic flooding tide in low-lying coastal environments. This development threatens both human development and natural habitats within such coastal communities. The impact of sea level rise will be more pronounced in developing countries where there is limited adaptation capacity. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the expected impacts of sea level rise in three communities in the Dansoman coastal area of Accra, Ghana. Future sea level rises were projected based on global scenarios and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization General Circulation Models—CSIRO_MK2_GS GCM. These were used in the SimCLIM model based on the modified Bruun rule and the simulated results overlaid on near vertical aerial photographs taken in 2005. It emerged that the Dansoman coastline could recede by about 202 m by the year 2100 with baseline from 1970 to 1990. The potential impacts on the socioeconomic and natural systems of the Dansoman coastal area were characterized at the Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise communities. The study revealed that about 84% of the local dwellers is aware of the rising sea level in the coastal area but have poor measures of adapting to the effects of flood disasters. Analysis of the likely impacts of coastal inundation revealed that about 650,000 people, 926 buildings and a total area of about 0.80 km2 of land are vulnerable to permanent inundation by the year 2100. The study has shown that there will be significant losses to both life and property by the year 2100 in the Dansoman coastal community in the event of sea level rise.
openalex: W2025325287 mag: 2025325287
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Positive effects of climate change on rice in Madagascar - Gérardeaux, Edward; Giner, Michel; Ramanantsoanirina, Alain; Dusserre, Julie (Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2011)
Food security in many countries is threatened due to rapid population growth. Rising temperatures and carbon dioxide, rainfall irregularity, and global warming may have serious consequences on rice production and hence food security. However, there is limited knowledge on the precise effects of global warming on crops, in particular on rice which is a major staple crop and contributor to food security. Most reports have focused on irrigated rice in India or China but much less is known about rainfed rice cropping systems in Madagascar. In the Malagasy highlands, the most populated part of Madagascar, land pressure has led to saturation of irrigated lands and the adoption of rainfed cropping systems on hilltops. The present article reports the impact of various climate changes on rice productivity in four cropping systems using the CERES-Rice model. The cropping systems include two tillages components, hand-plowed and no-tillage, and two fertilization rates: low and high nitrogen. A locally adapted rice cultivar was calibrated and validated using a dataset based on experiments conducted over a 6-year period. Daily weather data were generated for a set of 90 virtual years, from 2010 to 2099. Our results show that no-tillage systems have no advantage for climate change issues. Nitrogen was a major constraint for crops in hand-plowed and no-tillage systems. We found negative effects of climate change on soil carbon and nitrogen. By contrast, we found positive effects of temperature and increased CO2 on rice growth. The overall effects on rice yields are positive under the most pessimistic climate change scenarios but we demonstrate that the sustainability of these systems is threatened.
openalex: W2163305076 mag: 2163305076
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Clinicopathological Profile of Malignant Tumors of the Oropharynx at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria - Adoga, Adeyi A; Nimkur, TL; Oa, Silas (Journal of medicine in the Tropics, 2011)
Background: Due to recent lifestyle changes, the worldwide incidence of malignant oropharyngeal tumors is on the increase. This study focuses on the clinical and pathological profile of malignant tumors of the oropharynx as seen in a north-central Nigerian teaching hospital.Methodology: This is a descriptive retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological profile of this disease.Results: Six patients aged between 37 years and 78 years had malignant oropharyngeal tumors. There were 5 (83.3%) males and 1 (16.7%) female. All patients presented with cervical swelling, dysphagia, odynophagia and muffled voice with dental caries, oral and oropharyngeal swelling. Four (66.7%) patients presented with dyspnea and 3 (50%) with otalgia and deafness. Three (50%) patients had histologic diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(centroblastic), 1 (16.7%) had lymphoepithelioma and 2 ( 33.3%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Two (33.3%) patients died during treatment, 3 (50%) defaulted and 1 (16.7%) has been followed up for 5 years and is tumor free.Conclusion: Oropharyngeal cancer has a poor prognosis in the tropics due to late presentation. Proper health education aimed at early detection and treatment in our environment is required.
openalex: W2069528141 mag: 2069528141
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Preoperative Anaemia and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Children Undergoing Surgery under General Anaesthesia at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Adudu, PO; Imeh, Isa; Longway, FO (Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2011)
Background: Anaemia prevalence among children in Nigeria is a serious morbidity although it's prevalence in Benin has not been determined in recent times. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of preoperative anaemia, its' associated factors and blood transfusion requirements in children undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia at our facility.Methodology: A retrospective study of children aged 0 -17 years who had surgery under general anaesthesia at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin from January 2006 to June 2008, was carried out after ethical approval. The master register, anaesthetic charts and case notes of paediatric patients were used to determine the prevalence of preoperative anaemia, causes of anaemia, complications of anaemia and that of its' treatment and blood transfusion requirements. Data was analysed andsubjected to statistical tests using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.Results: Six hundred and fifty two (652) children scheduled for anaesthesia were studied. An incidence of preoperative anaemia of 12% in paediatric surgical patients was found (n=80). The complications of anemia and its' treatment include pulmonary oedema, hypotension, prolong recovery and urticaria (n=35 i.e. 44%, p
openalex: W2069591512 mag: 2069591512
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Literacy and numeracy skills and education sector reform: evidence from Ghana - Blunch, Niels‐Hugo (Education Economics, 2011)
Several African countries instituted education reforms in the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, there is only little evidence on the effectiveness of these programs. Additionally, most previous studies of the determinants of literacy and numeracy have considered the proficiency in only one language and, possibly, numeracy. This paper examines both of these issues for the case of Ghana, analyzing the trends in and determinants of four different literacy skills and numeracy. A comparison of outcomes before and after the 1987 Education Sector Reform indicates that literacy and numeracy skills levels increased following the Reform, and more so for English literacy skills than for Ghanaian literacy skills, thus confirming prior expectations. The results from linear probability models of literacy and numeracy outcomes indicate that, consistent with the objective of the Reform, the productivity of primary education in terms of literacy and numeracy increased, while the productivity of other levels of education remained constant or decreased. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of school quality and other community level factors in the creation of literacy and numeracy and therefore also the importance of incorporating these factors in empirical analyses. The results indicate that the focus of the 1987 Education Sector Reform might have been too narrow, so that future education policy in Ghana may want to focus on strengthening the quality of education above the primary level, also.
openalex: W1971515236 mag: 1971515236
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Knowledge and Attitude to Breast Self-Examination Among a Cohort of Medical Students in Nigeria - Misauno, MA; Anosike, I J; Ojo, EO; Ismaila, BO (Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2011)
Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with a gloomy outcome especially in late presentation commonly seen in developing nations. Early detection through screening however improves the prognosis and patient survival. Breast self examination is a recognized and acceptable modality for screening breast cancers especially inresource scarce settings since early detection and treatment offers appreciable benefit to the patient. The objective of this studyis to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self examination (BSE) among a group of potential healthcare givers.Methodology: This was a self administered questionnaire based study carried out on a class of final year medical students in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.Results: There were a total of 98 respondents aged between 24 and 39 years (mean = 27.4 years). There were 59 (60.2%) males and 39 (39.8%) females (M: F= 3:2). Ninety three (94.9%) respondents have heard of BSE with only 5% having adequate knowledge of BSE. Twenty nine (74.4%) of the female respondents practice BSE.Conclusion: There is poor knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE among final year medical students of the Jos University Teaching Hospital.
openalex: W2020795182 mag: 2020795182
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The Effects of Health Education on Sexual Behavior and Uptake of HIV Counseling and Testing Among out of School Youths in a Nigerian Border Market - Sekoni, AO; Onajole, AT; Odeyemi, K.A; Otoh, DO (Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2011)
Background: This intervention study assessed the effectiveness of health education and provision of free Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) counseling and testing services on sexual behavior and uptake of HIV counseling and testing (HCT) among out of school youths (15 24yrs) in a Nigerian border town market using Seme border as the study group and IdiIroko border as the control group.Methodology: One in two systematic sampling techniques was used for selecting 120 respondents in each border town market. Data was collected using a standardized validated questionnaire.Result: Both groups had similar demographic pattern, mean age of the respondents was 19 years while mean age at sexual debut was 16 years. Condom use increased from 60% to 74%, consistency of use from 15% to 19% while multiple partners decreased from 26% to 19%. Relationship was demonstrated between sexual debut and regular attendance at religious activities, alcohol consumption, having sex and multiple sexual partners. Statistically significant increase in number of youths who had done HCT post intervention from 18%to 59% (P = 0.05) was also observed.Conclusion: Provision of accessible youth friendly voluntary counseling and testing VCT services at the border as well as health education for out of school youths will help in improving uptake of VCT services and condom use among those that are sexually active.
openalex: W2065791466 mag: 2065791466
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School Fees and Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1970-2011 - Tinker, Katherine Anne (2011)
openalex: W2754030439 mag: 2754030439
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of Drought on Different Physiological Characters and Yield Component in Different Varieties of Syrian Durum Wheat - Almeselmani, Moaed; Abdullah, Feras; Hareri, Fouad; Naaesan, Mahran; Ammar, Mohammad Adel; Kanbar, Osama Zuhair; Saud, Abd Alrzak (Journal of agricultural science, 2011)
Tolerant and susceptible durum wheat varieties were grown in the 1 st and 2 nd settlement zone under rainfed conditions inDaraa province-Syria, In order to expose plants to different level of water regime, since the two zones differ in total amount of rainfall during the growing season.Plants were suffered from terminal drought stress in both zones, however, the drought was more sever in the 2 nd settlement zone.All measured parameters: chlorophyll content, MSI, RWC, Fv/Fm decreased significantly in the 2 nd compared to the 1 st zone at all growth stages, however more reduction was recorded in drought susceptible varieties.Yield all yield components also affected negatively and drought tolerant varieties have maintained good performance in the 2 nd zone.Our results proved that Chlorophyll content, MSI, RWC and Fv/Fm are good physiological indices of drought tolerance and can be used for improvement drought tolerance in wheat.
openalex: W2133797089 mag: 2133797089
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Teacher Readiness to Integrate Information Technology into Teaching and Learning Processes in Nigerian Secondary Schools: A Case Study - Aremu, Ayotola; Adediran, EM (African Research Review, 2011)
The first mission statement of Nigerian National policy for Information Technology (IT) is to use IT for education and a major underlining factor in achieving the goals of the National IT policy is the readiness of teachers to use IT.It is against this background that this study was set to investigate the readiness of teachers in Nigeria to integrate IT in instruction.Three research questions were generated and answered in the study.The study adopted the descriptive survey design using two questionnaires (Teachers Information Technology Preparedness Questionnaire and Basic Information Technology Practical Skills Activities) to collect data from a total of 470 teachers who were selected through the simple random sampling technique.Data analysis for the research questions was done through the use of simple percentage Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.infoand frequency calculation.The results revealed that majority of the teachers have low level of knowledge about IT.In the same vein, majority of teachers in the schools in this study did not have adequate IT skills.However, the teachers have positive attitude toward the use of information technology.
openalex: W2062992305 mag: 2062992305
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THE LEVELS OF TEACHERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING IN SCHOOLS IN KENYA - Chesire, Salome; Kipkoech, Lydia (Problems of education in the 21st century (Spausdinta), 2011)
Making decisions is one of the prime functions of educational management and in the current educational setup; more teachers are taking management roles in schools. This study therefore assessed the teachers’ involvement in managerial decision making in secondary schools within Keiyo district. The specific objectives were to: determine areas in which teachers are involved in decision making in secondary schools, establish levels of teachers’ involvements in decision making in secondary schools. The entire study was propounded on the basis of Vroom-Yetton-Jago Contingency Theory of participative decision making (1988). This study was conducted by cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from a sample of 17 head teachers, 17 deputy head teachers, 51 head of departments and 51 class teachers. The instruments of data collection were: questionnaires, and interviews. Findings indicate that teachers in secondary schools are involved in managerial decisions but at lower levels. The study recommends that head teachers evaluate and identify teachers’ needs on managerial decisions in order to facilitate further training on the same. This in turn would encourage teachers’ participation and enhance team spirit in decision making that would result in efficiency in management of secondary schools. Key words: decision making, education, management, participation, teachers.
openalex: W2939721546 mag: 2939721546
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An Analysis of Sociolinguistic Functional Elements in the English Language Course Books: Implications for English Language Teaching/Learning in Nigeria - Chukueggu, Coc (African Research Review, 2011)
This paper discusses the importance of exposing secondary school students to sociolinguistic functional elements, which reflect the social functions they need to perform with English language.It highlights the fact that Nigerian secondary school students lack communicative abilities in both spoken and written English, because they are not taught natural language use in the classroom.It went further to analyze the sociolinguistic functional elements that occurred in three widely used English language course books in Nigeria and found out that these functional elements were not adequately reflected in the course books.Even the few that were reflected were not given in-depth treatment.The researcher comes to the conclusion that, there is the need to reflect these sociolinguist functional elements in English language course books, so that teachers can teach them to their students.In this way students will be able to communicate in diverse communicative situations of daily living.
openalex: W1963568292 mag: 1963568292
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Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour and Use of Information Resources by Mba Students at a Nigerian University - EMMANUEL, O. IBAM; Jegede, OR (African Research Review, 2011)
This paper assesses information needs and information seeking behaviour and use of Information resources by MBA students at the Obafemi Awolowo University (O.A.U) of Nigeria.The study analyzed empirical data collected on the information requirements of MBA students.The findings showed that electronic materials are on a substantial increase cited as references on their thesis, although journals, library books, text books and conferences were also main information sources used.However, student complained on the energy and time wasted in accessing relevant information needed for their coursework and research within the stipulated period.They posited that they needed training and guidance of library attendant on how to use library database resources and their services for more efficiency as well as constitute a user group of library services distinct from the faculty model.• What are the information needs of MBA graduate students?
openalex: W2091386542 mag: 2091386542
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence and predisposing factors regarding intestinal parasitic infections among rural primary school pupils at Minia Governorate, Egypt - Ibrahium, Fatma A A (Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2011)
About 400 million school-age children are infected with roundworm, whipworm and hookworm worldwide. This study aims to assess prevalence of parasitic infections among rural primary school pupils at Minia Governorate, Egypt, and to identify relevant predisposing factors of the school and pupils to intestinal parasitic infections. A total of 264 pupils out of 1,053, aged 6-12 years, were randomly selected for parasitological investigation and the school was inspected on site for sanitary facilities and conditions of hygiene, as well as the conditions of hygiene of the pupils. The pupils were examined for ova, cysts and/or larvae of intestinal parasites using direct wet mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. Inspection of sanitary facilities and the conditions of hygiene of the school, as well pupil's conditions of hygiene, were carried out through observation checklists. Findings revealed the following intestinal parasites: Entamoeba coli (in 19.3% of pupils), Ascaris lumbricoides (3.8%), Hymenolepiasis nana (12.5%), Enterobious vermicularis (5.7%) and Giardia lamblia (12.5%), with varying percentages between male and female pupils, and a highly statistical association between pupil sex and type of parasites (P<0.001). Unapproved sanitary facilities and conditions of hygiene of the school and pupils were observed. Many intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school pupils were found. Unapproved and low inventory school sanitary facilities were observed, in addition to poor conditions of hygiene of pupils which may play a crucial role in these infections. The school facilities and sanitary conditions, especially the quality of water in the toilets, should be improved. Pupils and school personnel have a real need for health education about modes of transmission and preventive methods of intestinal parasitic infections.
openalex: W2062550155 mag: 2062550155
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Teachers' Continuing Professional Development as Correlates of Sustainable Universal Basic Education in Bayelsa State, Nigeria - Iyunade, OT (African Research Review, 2011)
The study examined the correlates of teachers' continuing professional development on universal basic education in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Using descriptive survey, a sample of 500 teachers was randomly selected from twenty (20) Basic Junior Secondary Schools and Primary Schools used for the study.The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire titled "Correlates of Teachers Continuing Professional Development Questionnaire (CCPDO) (r=.67)) four research questions were raised for study.Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages.Findings revealed that the level of teacher preparation for the universal basic education was relatively low.It was also established that teachers were not adequately prepared for the universal basic education scheme.It was concluded that Bayelsa State, has not been fully prepared for the sustenance of universal basic education.,It was recommended that the state government should recruit more qualified teachers into the primary and junior secondary schools in the state.Teachers should also be given equal opportunity to attend regular seminars, workshops and service training to enable them to acquire more skills and competence in their job performance. Background to the StudyThe maxim that no educational system can rise above the quality of its teachers clearly demonstrates the role of teachers and teachers' continuing
openalex: W2008554384 mag: 2008554384
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Climate Change Awareness and Decision on Adaptation Measures by Livestock Farmers in South Africa - Mandleni, B.; Anim, F.D.K. (Journal of agricultural science (Toronto), 2011)
This paper investigated the extent of awareness of climate change by livestock farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.It further explored the choice of adaptation measures that were followed and factors that affected adaption measures.The results indicated that marital status, level of education, formal extension, temperatures and the way in which land was acquired, significantly affected awareness of climate change.Variables that significantly affected adaptation selections were gender, formal extension, information received about climate change, temperatures and the way in which land was acquired.The study suggested that the positive and significant variables that affected awareness and adaptation measures by livestock farmers be considered when awareness and adaptation strategies are implemented.
openalex: W2148336382 mag: 2148336382
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Learning by Exporting or Self Selection? Which Way for the Kenyan Manufacturing Firms? - Muluvi, AS (African Research Review, 2011)
In this paper, firm level panel data for Kenyan manufacturing sector is used to investigate whether exporters are different from non exporters and the causal relationship between exporting and productivity.The paper uses a production function which is complemented by firm level characteristics and business environment factors.The Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression is used to estimate whether exporters are different from nonexporters while the causal relationship between exporting and productivity is determined using the concept of Granger causality test.The results obtained show some significant differences between exporters and non exporters.The results also show some evidence for learning-by-doing hypothesis and evidence for self-selection of more efficient firms into exporting.On the policy front the paper calls for more focus on improving exports in order for Kenya to industrialize
openalex: W2052680864 mag: 2052680864
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International collaboration to enhance the fight against HIV/AIDS: Report of a consultative meeting between the University of Buea in Cameroon and the Goldfarb School of Nursing in the USA - Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Rosenburg, Neal; Diesel, Holly J.; Sab, Clement M; Taliaferro, Donna (Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2011)
HIV/AIDS is a major public health pandemic affecting the development, survival and life of young people both in Cameroon and the USA. Youths are more adaptive to change and less hindered by prejudice than adults. Student-to-student peer mentoring is a non-formal way for students to learn new life skills and different cross-cultural values. We report on a two-day consultative meeting in 2010 on developing international collaboration for the fight against HIV/AIDS between Cameroonian and USA nursing students. We used adult learning approaches consisting of presentations, discussions, questions and answer sessions, role plays and demonstrations. Deliberations and resolutions from the consultative meeting enabled the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Buea to sign a memorandum of understanding with the Goldfarb School of Nursing in the USA on HIV/AIDS international collaboration paving the way forward for more developmental health projects in this domain.
openalex: W2025632513 mag: 2025632513
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOLS` INSTRUCTIONAL PLANT AND TEACHERS` TASK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS - Odufowokan, Benard Adesina (Problems of education in the 21st century, 2011)
The study examines the relationship between School Instructional Plant and Teachers` Task Performance in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area, Ogun-State, Nigeria; taking into consideration; teachers‘ educational qualification, sex, marital status and location of school. 600 teachers were randomly selected from ten secondary schools consisted the respondents and two types of questionnaire - School Instructional Plant Questionnaire (SIPQ) and Teachers` Task Performance Questionnaire (TTPQ) were developed based on a four – point Likert Scales. Five hypotheses were generated and tested in the study using chi-square to determine whether sex differences, educational qualification, marital status and location of schools affected Teacher`s perception of school instructional plant. Based on the findings, the five hypotheses were rejected showing that there is a strong relationship. Key words: Nigerian, relationship, schools` instructional plant, secondary schools, teachers` task performance.
openalex: W4323966821
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GENDER AND LANGUAGE IN SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOL TEXTS: A SINGLE CASE STUDY - Schoeman, Sonja (Problems of education in the 21st century (Spausdinta), 2011)
This study deals with gender and language in school texts; how it manifested, with what consequences and how it can be addressed. A qualitative intrinsic case study of a sample of school History texts from three textbooks published post-2004 was conducted to determine the extent of the use of gender-inclusive/exclusive language in the texts. The micro-level critical discourse analysis of the linguistic elements and texture of the texts revealed that on the 258 pages analysed, 642 occurrences of gendered language were found. All three selected texts contained occurrences of gender-exclusive language. The generic he and man were less of a problem than gender stereotyping, firstness and omission. Although the raw numbers revealed that the overall instances of gender-exclusive language in the linguistic elements were few, gender-exclusive language persisted in the texture of the texts. The solution seems to be critical literacy. Teachers are encouraged to discuss with learners why gender-exclusive language may occur in these texts and what could be done to eliminate gendered language. The procedure of this single case study could be repeated in multiple case studies of the other school subjects. Key words: critical literacy, gender-inclusive and -exclusive language, History, school texts, South Africa.
openalex: W4323966774
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The Status of Material Resources for Effective Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria - Stephen, U-As (African Research Review, 2011)
The study investigated the status of material resources for the teaching and learning of physics in Akwa Ibom State Secondary Schools.It adopted survey design.A sample size of 1400 SS3 Physics students took part in the investigation.Mean was used in answering the three research questions raised to guide the investigation.Findings revealed that some resource materials are available and adequate for the teaching and learning of physics.The study showed a low frequency of use of the available resource materials.Recommendation made was that adequate provision of resource materials should be made by state government to schools for meaningful teaching and learning of physics.Physics teachers should make use of material resources during lessons.
openalex: W1969444754 mag: 1969444754
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Early alcohol use and problem drinking among students in Zambia and Uganda - Swahn, Monica H.; Ali, Bina; Palmier, Jane B.; Tumwesigye, Nazarius Mbona; Sikazwe, George; Twa-Twa, Jeremiahs; Kasirye, Rogers (Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2011)
Excessive alcohol use is a serious public health concern worldwide, but less attention has been given to the prevalence, risk and protective factors, and consequences of early alcohol use in low-income, developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between early alcohol use, before age 13, and problem drinking among adolescents in Uganda and Zambia. Data from students in Zambia (n=2257; 2004) and Uganda (n=3215; 2003) were obtained from the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The self-administered questionnaires were completed by students primarily 13 to 16 years of age. Multiple statistical models were computed using logistic regression analyses to test the associations between early alcohol initiation and problem drinking, while controlling for possible confounding factors (e.g., current alcohol use, bullying victimization, sadness, lack of friends, missing school, lack of parental monitoring, and drug use). Results show that early alcohol initiation was associated with problem drinking in both Zambia (AOR=1.28; 95% CI:1.02-1.61) and Uganda (AOR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.11-1.98) among youth after controlling for demographic characteristics, risky behaviors, and other possible confounders.The study shows that there is a significant association between alcohol initiation before 13 years of age and problem drinking among youth in these two countries. These findings underscore the need for interventions and strict alcohol controls as an important policy strategy for reducing alcohol use and its dire consequences among vulnerable youth.
openalex: W2116826036 mag: 2116826036
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Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Secondary School Students in Benin City - Wogu; Ogbebor, NE (African Research Review, 2011)
A total of 180 secondary school students (62 males and 118 females) selected randomly from the three local government areas in Benin City were screened from March to May 2007 for the presence of bacteria in their urine.Standard bacteriological methods were used in the screening of mid-stream urine samples collected to determine significant asymptomatic bacteriuria.Results obtained from the study showed that the prevalence rate was 15% distributed into 12.78% females and 2.22 males and urine culture yielded 27 samples with isolates.The isolates were Candida sp.(48.28%),Escherichia coli (17.24%),Streptococcus faecalis (13.79%),Staphylococcus aureus (10.34%) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.34%).High occurrence of Candida sp. in the female could be as a result of intake of broad spectrum antibiotics which reduces competition in the normal flora in the female genitourinary tract thereby favoring its proliferation part of which may ascend the urethra.Good personal hygiene and de-emphasizing self prescription of drugs which could lead to antibiotics resistance are recommended measures to curtail the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in secondary school students.
openalex: W2005946038 mag: 2005946038
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An assessment of the level of awareness of the effects of climate change among students of tertiary institutions in Jalingo Metropolis, Taraba State Nigeria - Oruonye, E. D. (Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2011)
Climate change has become one of the major global challenges of the 21st century. It has been observed that the developing countries of the world (Nigeria inclusive) will suffer most from the impacts of climate change. As the world battles with measures of finding lasting solution to the problem of climate change, this study examines the level of awareness of the problem among students of tertiary institutions in Jalingo Metropolis of Taraba state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design using data collection instrument such as questionnaire was adopted. Two hundred and twenty five (225) students were drawn disproportionately from the tertiary institutions in Jalingo Metropolis. Structured questionnaire and focus group discussion were used in eliciting information from the student on their knowledge of climate change, effects of climate change on the individual and community and ways of reducing the effects of the problem. The frequency counts and item analysis method were used to analyse the data collected. The result of the findings shows that 18.2% of the students interviewed have never heard about climate change before. Of the 81.8% that have heard about climate change, 89%do not know what climate change is all about, its causes, effects, and possible adaptive or mitigative measures. This study recommends the need to establish climate change awareness club in the tertiary institutions in Jalingo metropolis of Taraba State and the nation at large so as to mobilize the students who are future leaders on the importance of bracing up to the challenges of climate change. Key words: Assessment, awareness, climate change, student, tertiary institution.
openalex: W2162344660 mag: 2162344660
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Effect of Ethnicity on Syrian and White American Teachers' Judgments of ADHD. - Stern, Benjie (2011)
openalex: W2283006784 mag: 2283006784
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Quality imperatives versus funding: A case of filial cannibalism in South African Higher Education? - Groenewald, Thomas (2011)
Filial cannibalism involves the killing and eating of one's young. This presentation will give attendees an overview of the former binary higher education system in South Africa; the differentiated funding; the cooperative education foundations of current Universities of Technology and Comprehensive Institutions and the existing quality imperatives pertaining to work integrated learning. A comparison will be made with regard to the specific quality imperatives of, among others, the Higher Education Quality Authority and international best practices pertaining to work integrated learning. These include: stakeholder-inclusivity regarding curriculum design and development; the obligation to place students where workintegrated learning is part of the curriculum; effective management and coordination; provision of adequate infrastructure; learning agreements clarifying the outcomes and the roles and responsibilities of the institution, students, mentors and employers; mentoring of students; effective communication; regular and systematic monitoring of progress of students; and academic as well as workplace based assessment. The staffing and resource-intensive implications with regard to the stated imperatives will be elaborated. The realities of discretionary grants which are potentially available for workplace experience of students studying towards scarce skills programmes will be addressed.
openalex: W1580478212 mag: 1580478212
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South African Flowering Plants; For the Use of Beginners, Students and Teachers - Henslow, George; Henslow, Rev. Professor G. (2011)
openalex: W1489753748 mag: 1489753748
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An Interview with Macalane Malindi: The Impact of Education and Changing Social Policy on Resilience during Apartheid and Post Apartheid in South Africa - Malindi, Macalane Junel; Ungar, Michael (2011)
openalex: W2217074466 mag: 2217074466
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Sociocultural Competence as a Basis for Functional Education: A Focus on Nigeria - Chukueggu, OC (African Research Review, 2011)
This paper examines the relevance of socio-cultural competence in functional education.It highlights the various roles that a good knowledge of the African cultural values can play in enhancing meaningful education of in the present Nigeria educational system.It also examines various aspects of the indigenous Nigerian culture and how teachers or educators can use them as a basis for improving the knowledge, ideas and skills that are already inherent in the Nigerian educational system.Finally, it emphasizes that we cannot alienate functional education from the socio-cultural values of the people, because most of the socio-economic and political problems in the Nigerian society today, could be traced back to the importation of the European culture and a neglect of our own socio-cultural values.
openalex: W2086310209 mag: 2086310209
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Average Distance Travelled To School by Primary and Secondary School Students in Nigeria and Its Effect on Attendance - Duze, CO (African Research Review, 2011)
This study investigated average distance travelled to school by students in primary and secondary schools in Anambra, Enugu, and Ebonyi States and effect on attendance. These are among the top ten densely populated and educationally advantaged States in Nigeria. Research evidences report high dropout rates in them. Samples of 36 primary, 21 secondary; 41 primary, 24 secondary; and 28 primary, 16 secondary schools from Anambra, Enugu, and Ebonyi respectively, were selected through simple random sampling. Data gathered through a questionnaire were analyzed to answer four research questions raised. Results revealed that students in 38.87, 36.59, and 28.57 percent of primary schools, and 23.81, 29.17, and 18.75 percent of secondary schools in Anambra, Enugu, and Ebonyi States respectively, travelled less than one kilometer to school. Others travelled up to five kilometers. Results on effect of distance travelled on attendance revealed thatfor primary and secondary schools, Anambra State recorded 77.78 and 71.43 percent, Enugu State 85.37 and 70.83 percent, and Ebonyi State 96.43 and 93.75 percent respectively. It was concluded that majority of these children travelled more than the stipulated one kilometer maximum to school, indicating that many schools were located far away from childrens homes, and this affected attendance adversely.
openalex: W1967864186 mag: 1967864186
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Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria: Funding Mechanisms - Duze, CO (African Research Review, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to search for the appropriate fundingmechanisms that would be adopted in Nigeria for effective and efficientplanning, implementation, and sustainability of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria as perceived by stakeholders in education. Entrepreneurship education is capital intensive, and if not properly funded, will result into another investment in frustration which seems to characterize Nigerias development programmes. This paper presents empirical evidence, derived from a survey of 1,750 education stakeholders selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique from a heterogeneous target population of government officials, private sector officials, educational engineers, teachers, students, and parents, on the funding mechanisms that could be adopted for effective, efficient and sustained delivery of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria. The findings revealed that all the categories of stakeholders in education strongly believed and agreed that entrepreneurship education could be funded by government through different forms of grants, effectively and efficiently if corruption, in every form, could be booted out.This way, Nigerias wealth would be better and well channeled into funding the capital-intensive entrepreneurship education to enhance economic growth and national development.
openalex: W2095052287 mag: 2095052287
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Lava flow hazard and risk at Mt. Cameroon volcano - Favalli, Massimiliano; Tarquini, Simone; Papale, Paolo; Boschi, E. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2011)
openalex: W2085241232 mag: 2085241232
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Learning amongst enemies: a phenomenological study of the South African constitutional negotiations from 1985-1998 - Heald, Geoffrey Ronald (2011)
openalex: W605897632 mag: 605897632
Keywords: openalex:import

Achieving Standard in Secondary Education through the Eradication of Examination Malpractices: The Nigerian Experience - Ifeakor, AC; Anekwe, JU (African Research Review, 2011)
Examination malpractice had been and is still a serious canker-worm to Nigerian education system.This hydra-headed monster has eaten deep into the bone marrows of Nigerians even from primary school levels to tertiary institutions.No wonder, the researchers sought to find out the opinions of principals, teachers and students in Nigeria about examination malpractices.They also attempted to ascertain strategies for the eradication of examination malpractices to achieve standard in secondary school system.The study was a descriptive survey carried out in three political zones of Nigeria.The sample size comprised 37 principals, 560 secondary school teachers and 2254 senior secondary school students.5 research questions and 3 null hypotheses tested at p < 0.05 guided the study.The results of the finding were, among others, that with examination malpractices the nation cannot achieve standard in secondary education.Based on the findings,
openalex: W2000524337 mag: 2000524337
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Enhancing the Acquisition Methods of School Library Resources in Nigeria through the Appropriate Information and Communication Technology [ICT] - Jegede, OR; Towolawi, KO (African Research Review, 2011)
The Motive of any library is to collect, organize, preserve and disseminate information to their particular users.The information that is made available to users especially in school libraries is usually presented in form of printed text, graphics, sound, animation or still pictures etc.This presentation can be enhanced by the use of appropriate Information and Communication Technology (ICT).It has made it possible to handle information in a variety of forms.Information conveyed by speech, texture materials, pictures or tables of numbers can be dealt with easily.Modern technologies in libraries create a new forum for global information access.The objectives of this paper therefore is to highlight the various methods by which information and Technology can improve the acquisition methods of school library collection Nigeria.
openalex: W2054819419 mag: 2054819419
Keywords: openalex:import

Smallholder adaptation to climate change: dynamics and limits in Northern Ghana - Laube, Wolfram; Schraven, Benjamin; Awo, Martha Adimabuno (Climatic Change, 2011)
Climate change and land degradation result in decreasing yields and crop failures in Northern Ghana and have caused further impoverishment of Ghana’s poorest region. Farmers have diversified their livelihoods to adapt to uncertain environmental conditions in various ways. While traditionally a diversification of the production and migration were the prime means of adaptation, many farmers have started to intensify their production by adopting shallow groundwater irrigation for vegetable gardening for Ghana’s urban markets. This has helped to cope with a changing environment, ameliorated poverty and reversed rural–urban migration, while the local hydrology curbed an over-exploitation of groundwater resources, commonly associated with an uncontrolled farmer-driven expansion of groundwater irrigation. This research confirms that farmer-driven small-scale irrigation can play an important role in the process of climate change adaptation. However, while farmers tried to integrate in the larger economy, they have become subject to market failures that in their essence are caused by unfair and unpredictable patterns of global trade. It is this double exposure to global environmental change and economic globalization that need to be taken into consideration when local adaptive capacities are discussed. Many convincing arguments call for the revision of some of the most unfair and devastating economic practices; however, the need to enhance adaptive capacity towards global climate change for poor parts of the population in the south should be added to the discussion.
openalex: W2057133485 mag: 2057133485
Keywords: openalex:import

Smallholder adaptation to climate change: dynamics and limits in Northern Ghana - Laube, Wolfram; Schraven, Benjamin; Awo, Martha Adimabuno (Climatic Change, 2011)
Climate change and land degradation result in decreasing yields and crop failures in Northern Ghana and have caused further impoverishment of Ghana’s poorest region. Farmers have diversified their livelihoods to adapt to uncertain environmental conditions in various ways. While traditionally a diversification of the production and migration were the prime means of adaptation, many farmers have started to intensify their production by adopting shallow groundwater irrigation for vegetable gardening for Ghana’s urban markets. This has helped to cope with a changing environment, ameliorated poverty and reversed rural–urban migration, while the local hydrology curbed an over-exploitation of groundwater resources, commonly associated with an uncontrolled farmer-driven expansion of groundwater irrigation. This research confirms that farmer-driven small-scale irrigation can play an important role in the process of climate change adaptation. However, while farmers tried to integrate in the larger economy, they have become subject to market failures that in their essence are caused by unfair and unpredictable patterns of global trade. It is this double exposure to global environmental change and economic globalization that need to be taken into consideration when local adaptive capacities are discussed. Many convincing arguments call for the revision of some of the most unfair and devastating economic practices; however, the need to enhance adaptive capacity towards global climate change for poor parts of the population in the south should be added to the discussion.
openalex: W2057133485 mag: 2057133485
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Increased structure and active learning: Can we bridge the achievement gap in South African science? - Measey, John (South African journal of science, 2011)
openalex: W2000579911 mag: 2000579911
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Internet access constrains science development and training at South African universities - Slippers, Bernard; Majozi, Thokozani; Nelwamondo, Fulufhelo V.; Steenkamp, Christine M.; Heerden, Esta van; Wright, Caradee Y. (South African Journal of Science, 2011)
openalex: W2145130543 mag: 2145130543
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IMPACT OF FREE PRIMARY EDUCATION ON MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN EMBU WEST DISTRICT IN KENYA - Wachira, C.; Mwenda, Elias Eric; Muthaa, George M.; Mbugua, Zachariah Kariuki (2011)
Establishment of Free Primary Education (FPE) in Kenya in January 2003 sought to do away with tuition fees and other levies in public primary schools. This led to high enrolments of pupils in schools. The study aimed at investigating on the impact of high enrolment on the management of pupils, teachers, physical resources and curriculum implementation. The sample comprised of sixteen head teacher, forty six teachers and two education officers. Data was collected using two questionnaires and an interview schedule. Results obtained indicated that access to education had improved and provision of text books. However FPE has negatively impacted in the management of pupils, staff and physical resources. Pupils discipline went down, available resources were not enough, teachers gave few assignments due to large numbers of pupils and lacked individualized attention. These findings are expected to stimulate Government concern in provision of a successful free primary education where education goals and objectives are achieved.
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Factors Influencing Substance Abuse among Undergraduate Students in Osun State, Nigeria - Yusuf, FA (African Research Review, 2011)
The study investigated the factors influencing substance abuse among undergraduate students in Osun State; Nigeria.A sample of 1, 200 undergraduate students were randomly selected from three tertiary institution in Osun State.Factors Influencing Substance Abuse Questionnaire (FISA) was developed by the researcher to collect the relevant data.Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The findings of the study showed that peer influence is the major factor influencing substance abuse among undergraduate students.The study also revealed that there is significant difference among male and female undergraduate students on factor influencing substance abuse.The study recommended that counselors should be organizing different programs to promote healthy living among undergraduate students.
openalex: W2083595969 mag: 2083595969
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The Drought and Food Crisis in the Horn of Africa (2011)
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An investigation into factors affecting the academic performance among learners with hearing impairment in Lambwe Division,Mbita District-Kenya - A., Charles Ojwang. (2011)
Research report submitted to the college of open and distance learning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of Bachelor’s degree in special needs Kampala International University
openalex: W3141623116 mag: 3141623116
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Sexual-risk behaviour among sexually active first-year students at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa - Abels, Melissa Dione; Blignaut, Rénette (African Journal of AIDS Research, 2011)
In South Africa, new HIV infections are concentrated among persons aged 15–24 years. The university population falls within this age group and are prone to higher-risk behaviours that place them at risk of acquiring HIV. In a study to assess this risk among sexually active students, we classified higher-risk sexual behaviours as not using condoms at every instance of sex, having had more than one sexual partner during the preceding 12 months, a relatively young age at first sexual intercourse (7–16 years), and experience of sexual violence and/or transactional sex. In total, 796 first-year students at the University of the Western Cape in Cape Town, South Africa, completed a self-administered questionnaire in 2006. The sample included 263 sexually active, unmarried students, aged 16 to 24 years. The responses showed that 62% did not use a condom for every instance of sex, 39% had two or more sexual partners in the previous 12 months, 53% had initiated sexual intercourse at a younger age (7–16 years), and 2% had ever exchanged money or gifts for sexual intercourse. Eight percent of the respondents said they did not give their consent or permission at initiation of first sexual intercourse. One in every 10 respondents claimed that they had ever been forced to have sexual intercourse, and 4% said that they had ever forced someone to have sexual intercourse. The sexually active students who reported an earlier age of initiation of sexual intercourse and having only one sexual partner during the last year were more likely to not use a condom every time, whereas the sexually active students that had experienced initiation of sexual intercourse while in an older age group (17–24 years) and who had two or more sexual partners in the last year were more likely to use a condom every time. Sexually active university students are in need of particular HIV-prevention interventions given their tendencies for poor condom usage and having multiple sexual partners.
openalex: W1978018370 mag: 1978018370
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E-reading strategy model to read E-school book in Libya - Abubaker, Azza; Lu, Joan (2011)
Abstract:- defining the stages for the reader to follow when reading e-resources is only one of several factors which can provide a significant understanding of the actual reading behaviour and cognitive process of reading. This article aims to compare reading processes that students follow when reading school books in two different media (paper and electronic). A sample of 80 students, studying in Libyan primary schools, and aged 9 to 12, were selected to investigate how students use and interact with both print and digital school–books, how they identify the e-reading process, and to define what students like and dislike in both versions. The results showed differences in the reading process between paper and electronic books read.
openalex: W2592815772 mag: 2592815772
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Teaching Effectiveness, Availability, Accessibility, and Use of Library and Information Resources Among Teaching Staff of Schools of Nursing in Osun and Oyo State, Nigeria - Adeoye, Moses Oladele; Popoola, Sunday Olanrewaju (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2011)
Introduction Background to the Study In each society there are facilities other than classrooms that can contribute in no small measure to teaching and learning process. For learning to take place learners must have access to necessary information materials and resources. They have to interact with tangible and intangible resources and institutions to ensure some levels of performance. In an academic environment like the studies study, one of the main sources of information is the library. Roberson (2005) defines a library as an institution that manages the intellectual products that individual can gain access to readily, lyanda and Salawu (2006) on the other hand sees library as a building, an instructional and self development centre, which operate as an integral part of the entire school environment. Also Ranganathan as quoted by lyanda and Salawu (2006) describes library as a public institution or an establishment charged with the care of a collection of books the duty of making them accessible to those who require the use of them and the task of converting every person in its neighborhood into habitual library goers and readers of books. Libraries provide resources for knowledge acquisition, recreation, personal interests and inter-personal relationships for all categories of users. However in an academic environment, attention is basically focused on academic and nonacademic staff, students and researchers. The philosophy of librarianship is based on the concept of library services and provision of relevant resources for users. To this end, Professional Librarians continue to strive to collect, store, organize and disseminate all forms of recorded knowledge in order to satisfy both present and future information needs of users. Library resources are the stock in trade of librarians. These are the materials in the library make services possible. They are the materials which the users come to consult, read or borrow. Library resources are many and varied, but they can be divided into two broad categories namely and non printed The printed materials are books, pamphlets periodicals, newspapers and reference resources. Non-printed materials are however, often referred to as audio-visual resources. They are the product of advanced technology, some of which require special equipment to operate. Non-printed resources can be grouped into three (i.e. Audio, visual and audio-visual). We also have electronic resources as part of resources in the libraries. Popoola and Haliso (2009) define library information resources as those information bearing materials. That are in both printed and electronic formats. Such as textbooks, journals, indexes, abstracts, newspapers and magazines, reports, CD-ROM databases, internet/E-mail, video tapes/cassettes, diskettes magnetic disk, computers, micro forms e.t.c. These information materials are the raw materials that libraries acquire, catalogue, stock, and make available to their patrons, as well as use to provide various other services. Teachers need various kinds of information for teaching and research for the purposes of impacting knowledge in students and self development. To achieve this, the right information must be available for the right person at the right time in its appropriate format. Which are the responsibilities of the library. Oguntuase and Falaiye (2004) agree with this view by observing that the most effective way to mobilize people is through the provision of required information. In the most useable form and that such information should be provided for the benefit of a large number of people. Nursing Education and Teaching Effectiveness Akinyele (1999) defines education as the process of learning in order to develop physically, socially, emotionally, intellectually and economically. An educated person is not only literate but has also developed his or her mental and reasoning powers and is knowledgeable. …
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Financing of education in Nigeria: An analytical review - Adeyemi, T. O. (American journal of social and management sciences, 2011)
In this article, the writer has examined the financing of education in Nigeria.A review of the finances on education since the advent of formal education in the country was made.The sources of financing of education in developed and developing countries were highlighted while the Nigerian external debt stock and the level of debt servicing were given.The study has shown the total revenue accruing to the Federal Government and the amount of money allocated to the education at various periods indicating deficits in the funding of the system.The findings indicated that the funding of education has not been up to 17% in any given year despite the UNESCO minimum standard of 26% of national budget.The writer therefore made suggestions on how to effectively fund education in the country and recommended other sources of funding education for future development.
openalex: W2046986392 mag: 2046986392
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Teacher shortages and surpluses in senior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria: A critical review - Adeyemi, T. O. (American journal of social and management sciences, 2011)
This paper investigated teacher shortages and surpluses in senior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria.As a descriptive research, the study population comprised all the 281 senior secondary schools in the State.The sample was identical with the population as all the schools were involved in the study.The instrument used to collect data was an inventory while the data collected were analysed using frequency counts and percentages.It was found that there were more shortages of teachers in the science subjects and the Languages than arts and social science subjects in all the schools.It was also found that shortages of teachers were more pronounced in urban schools while surpluses of teachers were more distinct in rural schools.It was then recommended that there should always be an equitable distribution of teachers to schools by the State Teaching Service Commission on the basis of class size and teacher quota per subject.Subjects in which there were teacher shortages should be given more priority in the posting of more teachers to schools while teacher surpluses should be discouraged in all its ramifications.Teachers' specialization on subjects' basis should also be taking into consideration in the posting of teachers' to schools.
openalex: W1987278339 mag: 1987278339
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Impact of heavy metal pollution on the hemogram and serum biochemistry of the libyan jird, Meriones libycus - Adham, Khadiga G.; Aleisa, Nadia A.; Farhood, Manal (Chemosphere, 2011)
The stress profiles of the hemogram and serum biochemistry were determined in the context of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb) exposure in the wild libyan jird, Meriones libycus, from one of Riyadh's polluted areas versus a reference site. Coupling the pronounced drop in platelets (PLT) (28%) and mean platelet volume (MPV) (17%) with the insignificant responses of other red blood cell indices, suggests bone marrow suppression that is characterized by thrombocytopenia as an initial abnormality. The species-specific stress leukogram for M. libycus is expressed by leukocytosis (66%), monocytosis (40%), lymphocytosis (23%) with eosinopenia (81%) and neutropenia (42%). Hyperglycemia (50%), hyper-low-density-lipoproteinemia (38%), hypocortisolism (85%) and hypotriglyceridemia (55%) depicted serum biochemistry profile. In polluted jirds, the elevated activities of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and serum marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST and creatine kinase CK) strongly suggest functional damage of the liver and/or heart. A potential role of PChE in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism is implied in the joint rise of both indices and in the recognized relationship between PChE and lipid metabolites. While increased utilization in lipid metabolism and energy synthesis could rationalize the inhibition of the normal patterns of triglycerides and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the inhibited activities of LDH could additionally be attributed to its hormetic behavior towards low and high metal concentrations. The overall findings presented here documented the relevance of M. libycus in biomonitoring and predicting the risk imposed on human populations living in polluted areas.
openalex: W2020019202 mag: 2020019202
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Learning, Misallocation, and Technology Adoption: Evidence from New Malaria Therapy in Tanzania - Adhvaryu, Achyuta (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
I show that malaria misdiagnosis, common in resource-poor settings, decreases the expected effectiveness of an important new therapy–since only a fraction of treated individuals have malaria–and reduces the rate of learning via increased noise. Using pilot program data from Tanzania, I exploit variation in the location and timing of survey enumeration to construct reference groups composed of randomly chosen, geographically and temporally proximate acutely ill individuals. I show that learning is stronger and adoption rates are higher in villages with more misdiagnosis. Subsidizing diagnostic tools or improving initial targeting of new technologies may thus accelerate uptake through learning.
openalex: W3121670152 mag: 3121670152
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Systems of Intercultural Communication among University Students in Southern Ethiopia: The Case of Dilla and Hawassa Universities - Adugna, Misrak; Zegeye, Addisu (2011)
openalex: W2912205800 mag: 2912205800
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Challenges Affecting the Effective Implementation of Vocational Education Program in Youth Polytechnics in Kenya - Agufana, Peace Byrne; Ndavula, J. O. (2011)
openalex: W2942027703 mag: 2942027703
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An African exploration of the East Asian education experience - Akyeampong, Kwame (Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 2011)
openalex: W2019719991 mag: 2019719991
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Sibling Differences in School Attendance and Child Labour in Ethiopia - Alvi, Eskander; Dendir, Seife (Oxford Development Studies, 2011)
This paper examines the effects of sibling composition on children's school attendance and participation in market and domestic work in Ethiopia. The major finding is that earlier-born males in rural areas are more likely to attend school than their younger siblings. A similar effect is apparent for rural females and urban children as well, though it is not as robust to varying estimation methods and sensitivity tests. In both areas, the chances of participation in market work are higher for older children, particularly males, while in domestic work, which remains largely the domain of female children, being an earlier-born girl also increases the odds of working. These effects of birth order on work are largely unaffected by the gender of the younger siblings or by the age difference with the last child.
openalex: W2010642180 mag: 2010642180
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Solid waste management problems in secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. - Ana, Godson; Oloruntoba, Elizabeth O.; Shendell, Derek G.; Elemile, O. O.; Benjamin, O R; Sridhar, M.K.C. (PubMed, 2011)
Inappropriate solid waste management practices in schools in less-developed countries, particularly in major urban communities, constitute one of the major factors leading to declining environmental health conditions. The objective of the authors' descriptive, cross-sectional study was to assess solid waste management problems in selected urban schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight secondary schools with average pupil populations not less than 500 per school were selected randomly. Four hundred questionnaires (50 per school) were administered. In addition, an observational checklist was used to assess the physical environment. Paper and plastics were the most frequently generated wastes. Common methods of solid waste disposal reported were use of dustbins for collection and open burning. Major problems perceived with current refuse disposal methods by the study students were odors, pest infestation, and spillages. Littering and spillages of solid waste were also common features reported. Data suggested inadequate waste management facilities and practices in study schools. The lack of refuse bins may have contributed to waste spillages and the burning practices. Odors may have arisen from both the decay of overstored organic waste rich in moisture and emissions from refuse burning. This scenario poses a community environmental health nuisance and may compromise school environmental quality.
openalex: W765366183 mag: 765366183
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Pedagogical outlines for OLPC initiatives: A case of Ukombozi school in Tanzania - Apiola, Mikko; Pakarinen, Saila; Tedre, Matti (2011)
One-to-one computing initiatives in developing countries have been criticized for ignoring pedagogical considerations and for lacking tight integration with the local educational context. Ukombozi primary school in Iringa, Tanzania, faced the same situation in 2009, when we received 100 laptop computers for pupils to use. Through a collaborative effort of local and foreign teachers we designed and tested a pedagogical approach which starts from the local educational context, and builds on theoretical literature and documented experiences of using one-to-one computing in the classroom. We developed student-centered, exploratory, and creative practices for classroom pedagogy, and we experimented on using individual (one-to-one) laptops as a support tool. We identified a number of challenges, too, and propose further research directions that extend one-to-one computer-assisted learning to other school subjects, also. This paper is aimed at educators who work and develop education in similar challenging environments, as well as educational technology researchers who wish to gain alternative views about pedagogical design.
openalex: W2065646497 mag: 2065646497
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Towards a contextualized pedagogy for programming education in Tanzania - Apiola, Mikko; Tedre, Matti (2011)
Contextualization of curriculum and course contents has been central to development of IT education at Tumaini University in rural Tanzania. However, as the development of the IT program has progressed, pedagogical challenges have become increasingly evident. The pedagogical difficulties materialize most markedly in programming courses. We identified a number of sources of pedagogical difficulties: reliance on rote learning, group dynamics that support free riding, extrinsic motivations, and greatly varying educational backgrounds. In this paper we describe a pedagogical approach that utilizes the theories and principles of creative problem solving to overcome those difficulties. Firstly, we provided optimal challenges to cognitive development by switching to an open learning environment, and we adapted course arrangements accordingly. Secondly, we encouraged intrinsic motivation and sense of autonomy by increasing the amount of affective support. Thirdly, we encouraged reflective learning processes by introducing a new concept of coding-while-lecturing. Fourthly, we stimulated the positive aspects of group work and promoted individual learning by providing adaptable multi-level exercises.
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Higher Education in Development: Lessons from Sub Saharan Africa - Ashcroft, Kate; Rayner, Philip (2011)
This book will interest readers learning about or developing strategies for improving higher education systems and institutions in developing countries. It provides an insight into sub-Saharan African higher education systems and sets out the ways that they are developing and changing. It explores the dilemmas inherent in a context of scarce resources with increasing and urgent demands for a more professionalized workforce and expert services. It examines the factors inhibiting development such as HIV/AIDS, gender issues, historical conflicts, cultural attitudes inimical to innovation, the challenges created by poor infrastructure, and the history of colonialism and authoritarianism and their legacy of centralized control and lack of autonomy and democracy. The book explores lessons from research into sub-Saharan African higher education that may be applied to other contexts. The authors have lived and worked in sub-Saharan Africa and the book draws on the authors' personal experience of higher education in Zambia, Ethiopia, The Yemen and their links in Mozambique and South Africa as well as extensive senior management experience and at the highest level within sub-Saharan higher education systems. It uses actual examples and a reflective 'case study' approach to describe reforms, and from these, develops ideas as to how to improve the effectiveness of higher education as a means to fight poverty. The book explores lessons from research into sub-Saharan African higher education that may be applied to other contexts. The authors have lived and worked in sub-Saharan Africa and the book draws on their personal experience of higher education in Zambia, Ethiopia, The Yemen and their links in Mozambique and South Africa. The authors also use their extensive management experience at the highest level within sub-Saharan higher education systems. The book includes actual examples and a reflective 'case study' approach to describe reforms, and from these, develops ideas as to how to improve the effectiveness of higher education as a means to fight poverty.
openalex: W607563679 mag: 607563679
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Dentists' knowledge and attitude towards informed consent taking in a Nigerian teaching hospital. - At, Adeyemi; Jo, Kosoko; Ju, Ifesanya (PubMed, 2011)
There has been an increase in medical and dental knowledge in the world today. More and more people are getting to know their rights and cases of medical and dental liability is on the increase. Hence a proper approach towards obtaining informed consent in dental practice has become necessary. This study assessed dentists' perception on informed consent taking for dental procedures.Self administered questionnaires were given to all dentists working in one of the teaching hospitals in the south west region of Nigeria. The questionnaires assessed the doctors' ability to properly define informed consent, knowledge of aspects relevant to informed consent taking and procedures for which they felt informed consent should be taking routinely.The result revealed 10 out of 56 dentists (17.5%) were able to rightly and fully define informed consent. Almost all the dentists (98.4%) claimed to have taken informed consent at one time or the other, out of which 31 dentists (59.6%) claim that they always take verbal informed consent on routine dental treatment. However 21 (42%) of the dentists believed that informed consent scares patients, while 31 (54.5%) believed informed consent prepares patients better for the procedure. Generally the dentists agreed that the more invasive the dental treatment procedure was the more they felt informed consent should be taken.Dentists knowledge about informed consent seems to be inadequate as only few of them were able to define informed consent. However their attitude towards informed consent seems to be more positive as almost all claimed to have taken informed consent from patients at one time or the other. Therefore regular update about knowledge and significance of informed consent should be encouraged.
openalex: W2263498686 mag: 2263498686
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Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria: A Co-integration Model Approach - Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo; Muchie, Mammo; Olatunji, G. B. (Journal of Human Ecology (Delhi) (Print), 2011)
Climatic fluctuation is putting Nigeria’s agriculture system under serious threat and stress. The study of the effect of climate change on agricultural productivity is critical given its impact in changing livelihood patterns in the country. Descriptive and co-integration analysis are the techniques used to analyze the Time series data used in this work. The finding demonstrates that the rate in agricultural productivity is persistently higher between 1981 and 1995, followed by a much lower growth rate in the 1996–2000 sub period. There was variation in the trend pattern of rainfall. Temperature was not relatively constant either. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for unit root revealed that agricultural productivity is not stationary and likewise the annual rainfall but became stationary after the differencing. Annual temperature on the other hand is stationary at its level. Temperature change was revealed to exert negative effect while rainfall change exerts positive effect on agricultural productivity. However previous year rainfall was negatively significant in affecting current year agricultural productivity. It is recommended that if agricultural productivity was to be increased and sustained, environmentally and agricultural sensitive technologies and innovations that can prevent climate fluctuation should be encouraged.
openalex: W2341104818 mag: 2341104818
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Influential Factors Affecting the Attitude of Students Towards Vocational/Technical Subjects in Secondary Schools in Southeastern Nigeria - Azubuike, Ozioma C. (Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2011)
This paper was to determine the influential factors that affects the attitude of the students towards the study ofvocational/Technical subjects (Home economics) in secondary schools. This was initiated as a result of the students apathy tothe study of vocational subjects (Home economics) in secondary schools. In carrying out the research, the focus was to identifythe variables or interest, gender, socio-economic status of the parents as it influences the students choice of the study ofvocational/Technical subjects (Home economics) were raised top guide the researcher designing the instrument to be used forthe study. Structured questionnaires was used for the data collection. A sample of hundred respondents offeringvocational/Technical subjects (Home economics) in senior secondary schools were used. The mean frequency distribution andgrand mean were used in analyzing the data collected. Major findings were made on the factors that influence the studentsattitude such as interest, gender, and socio-economic status, the qualification of teachers and instructors and guidancecouncellers motivated influence. Based on these findings, recommendations for its improvement was proffered.
openalex: W3117670504 mag: 3117670504
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Assessment of Egyptian Agricultural Technical School Instructors’ Ability to Implement Experiential Learning Activities - Barrick, R. Kirby; Samy, Mohamed; Roberts, T. Grady; Thoron, Andrew C.; Easterly, R. G. (Journal of Agricultural Education, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of ATS instructors in Egypt related to implementing experiential learning in the form of internships. In July 2007, 90 ATS instructors attended workshops focused on conducting internship experiences. Self–perceived competency of ATS instructors to implement internships was assessed immediately following inservice training. Approximately a year later (June 2008), ATS instructors’ self–perceived importance and application of internship competencies were assessed. A discrepancy score (Borich, 1980) was also calculated. Results indicated that: (a) at the conclusion of the initial workshop, ATS instructors felt competent to implement internship activities with their students; (b) a year later, ATS instructors felt that all the competencies had high importance, but their ability to apply the competencies was slightly lower; and (c) there were discrepancies on all competencies, with the largest discrepancies focused on explaining internships.
openalex: W2095292325 mag: 2095292325
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Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Mt Giluwe volcano, Papua New Guinea - Barrows, Timothy T.; Hope, Geoffrey; Prentice, M. L.; Fifield, L.K.; Tims, S.G. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2011)
The Mt Giluwe shield volcano was the largest area glaciated in Papua New Guinea during the Pleistocene. Despite minimal cooling of the sea surface during the last glacial maximum, glaciers reached elevations as low as 3200 m. To investigate changes in the extent of ice through time we have re-mapped evidence for glaciation on the southwest flank of Mt Giluwe. We find that an ice cap has formed on the flanks of the mountain on at least three, and probably four, separate occasions. To constrain the ages of these glaciations we present 39 new cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages complemented by new radiocarbon dates. Direct dating of the moraines identifies that the maximum extent of glaciation on the mountain was not during the last glacial maximum as previously thought. In conjunction with existing potassium/argon and radiocarbon dating, we recognise four distinct glacial periods between 293–306 ka (Gogon Glaciation), 136–158 ka (Mengane Glaciation), centred at 62 ka (Komia Glaciation) and from >20.3–11.5 ka (Tongo Glaciation). The temperature difference relative to the present during the Tongo Glaciation is likely to be of the order of at least 5 °C which is a minimum difference for the previous glaciations. During the Tongo Glaciation, ice was briefly at its maximum for less than 1000 years, but stayed near maximum levels for nearly 4000 years, until about 15.4 ka. Over the next 4000 years there was more rapid retreat with ice free conditions by the early Holocene.
openalex: W2051603321 mag: 2051603321
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The effect of an eight-week training programme on core stability in junior female elite gymnasts, African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 17:supp1 (Supplement) pp. 9-19 : erratum - Bassett, Susan; Leach, Llyod L. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
AJPHERD regrets the error in the article titled, The effect of an eight-week training programme on core stability in female junior elite gymnasts published in AJPHERD Supplement (June 2011), pp. 9-19, by S.H. Basset and L.L. Leach, which is now corrected as follows: S.H. Basset and L. Lloyd Leach.
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Moral Degeneration: Crisis in South African Schools? - Bayaga, Anass; Jaysveree, Louw (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
The current study explored how teachers and parents could be equipped with the skills to teach learners about morals and values. The objective was drawn from the fact that one cannot speak of values without implicitly referring to morality and moral development, neither can one mention morality without having values in mind. The approach of this study was both quantitative and qualitative. Purposive sampling of participants included parents, teachers, principals, learners and community leaders. Focus group interviews were conducted with 6 to 8 teachers per each participating school. Same was applicable to parents. Four (4) community leaders who reside in the communities where the schools are situated were selected. The findings revealed that, to an alarming extent, the moral code in South African society is on the decline. Currently, education in the home, school and community does not convey a positive value system to learners - thus perpetuating the problem of a society in decline. The recommendation is that the mindset of children needs to be changed so that they become morally clear-sighted and responsible.
openalex: W2181941693 mag: 2181941693
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Predictors of sexual-risk behaviour and HIV-preventive practices among university students in Ethiopia - Berhan, Yifru; Hailu, Dejene; Alano, Abraham (African Journal of AIDS Research, 2011)
Abstract A cross-sectional study design was used to assess sexual-risk behaviour and HIV-preventive practices among students at Hawassa University, Ethiopia, in 2009. Among 1 220 students eligible for the study, approximately 29% reported experience of sex (36.3% of the males and 9.3% of the females). Of the total sexually active respondents, 67.1% had begun sexual activity while still in secondary school. For the previous 12-month period, 42.1% said they did not use condoms during the last sexual encounter, 46.1% of the males claimed having had sex with ‘bar ladies,’ and 39% said they had an active symptom of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association of higher-risk sexual practices in the previous year with being female and having an income greater than US$30/month. Having multiple sexual partners was strongly associated with being female, having a monthly income greater than US$30, a sexual debut before age 18 and before attending university, ever having had sex for the sake of money, active STI symptoms, and attending nightclubs. Overall, the students reported sexual practices that were considerably unprotected; we surmise that this likely exposed approximately two-fifths to STIs and nearly 10% to unplanned pregnancy. We conclude that to alter university students’ sexual-risk behaviour, a great deal of relevant intervention should be carried out during earlier school years, and the observed link between a greater frequency of sexual-risk behaviour and higher income needs to be investigated. Keywords: condomsEast Africamultiple sexual partnerspreventionsexual debutsexually transmitted infectionsyoung adults
openalex: W2016571260 mag: 2016571260
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Gender in the early years: Boys and girls in an African working class primary school - Bhana, Deevia; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian; Nzimakwe, Phumzile Jane. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
Understanding the ways in which young boys and girls give meaning to gender and sexuality is vital, and is especially significant in the light of South Africa's commitment to gender equality. Yet the, gendered cultures of young children in the early years of South African primary schools remains a, marginal concern in debate, research and interventions around gender equality in education. This, paper addresses this caveat through a small-scale qualitative study of boys and girls between the ages, of 7 and 8 years in an African working class primary school. It focuses on friendships, games, and violent gendered interactions to show how gender features in the cultural world of young children. Given that both boys and girls invest heavily in dominant gender norms, the paper argues that greater, understanding of gender identity processes in the early years of formal schooling are important in, devising strategies to end inequalities and gender violence.
openalex: W2004581840 mag: 2004581840
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Towards inexpensive robots for science & technology teaching and education in Africa - Booysen, Tracy; Rieger, Michael L.; Ferrein, Alexander (2011)
As technology becomes a greater part of our everyday lives it becomes more difficult to keep young children interested and engaged using conventional educational methods. While it can be observed that youngsters have only a few problems with operating their cell phones, it does not mean that this prepares them well for the challenges of the 21st century. Additional education is required that teaches the basic principles of science and technology without scaring the youngsters away from the subject while still keeping them engaged in the learning process. Educational robotics has proven itself to be a good vehicle for educating pupils with thousands of learners participating in robotic competitions such as RoboCup Junior world-wide. In this paper we report on our first steps towards developing an inexpensive educational robot that is suited (a) for participating in competitions such as RoboCup Junior and (b) for university education and research.
openalex: W2045014441 mag: 2045014441
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Teaching K-8 students about race: African Americans, racism, & the struggle for social justice in the U.S. - Brown, Keffrelyn D.; Brown, Anthony L. (Multicultural Education, 2011)
openalex: W1497774190 mag: 1497774190
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Incidence, causes and pattern of cancellation of elective surgical operations in a university teaching hospital in the Lake Zone, Tanzania. - Chalya, PL; Gilyoma, JM; Mabula, JB; Simbila, Samson; Ngayomela, IH; Chandika, AB; Mahalu, William (PubMed, 2011)
Cancellation of elective surgical operations is recognized as a major cause of emotional trauma to patients as well as their families. This study was carried out to assess the incidence, causes and pattern of cancellation of elective surgical operations in our setting and to find the appropriate solutions for better patient management.This was a prospective hospital-based study which was conducted in a teaching hospital at Bugando medical Centre from March 2009 to February 2010.A total of 3,064 patients were scheduled for elective surgical operations. Of these, 644 (21.0%) patients' operations were cancelled. General surgery had the highest rate of cancellations (31.5%) followed by orthopaedic surgery in 25.5%. Lack of theatre space and theatre facilities were the most common causes of cancellations in 53.0% and 28.4% of cases respectively. The majority of these cancellations were attributable to hospital administration in 82.0 % and most of them were preventable in 93.8% of cases. The mean hospital stay was 28.46 days and it was significantly related to the number of cancellations (p < 0.001).Cancellation of elective surgical operations is a significant problem in our hospital. To prevent unnecessary cancellations, efforts should be made to enhance cost effectiveness through careful planning and efficient utilization of the few available hospital resources.
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Understanding the Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in the Middle East and North Africa Region: The Role of Education and Social Norms in Amman - Chamlou, Nadereh; Muzi, Silvia; Ahmed, Hanane (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
The similarities between the labor market supply of women with a Middle Eastern background living in Europe and those of women living in the Middle East is of particular interest. Indeed, empirical evidence shows that Female Labor Force Participation (FLFP) of immigrants reflects to a large extent the FLFP of country of origin, with women from more conservative societies tending to participate less in the labor market than natives or immigrants from countries with a high FLFP. This impacts the host country’s FLFP at an aggregate level. Therefore, from a European perspective, understanding the determinants of female labor supply in the conservative societies, such as countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is of particular interest, considering the high share of this group among immigrants. Hence, this empirical research focuses on the role of education, especially higher education, and social norms in MENA on the choice of women to work outside. The region has achieved substantial progress in educating women, increasingly so at the tertiary level and across disciplines, but its FLFP remains the lowest among all regions. Our paper empirically investigates the impact of education with emphasis on higher education on FLFP and the relationship between social norms and female labor supply in a representative city in MENA, namely Amman, Jordan, as a proxy for MENA. Our analysis shows that higher education (post-secondary/university/post-university) has a positive and significant impact on FLFP, whereas secondary and below do not. In addition, there is a strong negative and statistically significant association between traditional social norms and the participation of women in the labor force. The findings pose the question of whether additional policies and actions are needed to change institutions and attitudes toward women’s work in general, as well as improve the economic opportunities of women who have secondary education which affects the bulk of working age women.
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Rwanda : a case study in institutional education resilience - Claver, Yisa; Arden, Richard L. (2011)
The Education Resilience Approaches (ERA) program seeks to provides a systematic evidence-based proves to improve the capacity of education system in fragile, conflict and/or violence affected situations (FCS). In this way, the ERA program complements the existing Education Department of the Human Development Network (HDNED) Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) through the provision of context sensitive tools that support the development of academic and non-academic services leading to the protection of students well-being in context of adversity and the identification of education sector contributions to mitigate the social determinants of conflict and violence.
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Black Rage in New Orleans: Police Brutality and African American Activism from World War II to Hurricane Katrina - Crosby, Emilye (The Journal of American History, 2011)
Journal Article Black Rage in New Orleans: Police Brutality and African American Activism from World War II to Hurricane Katrina Get access Black Rage in New Orleans: Police Brutality and African American Activism from World War II to Hurricane Katrina. By Leonard N. Moore. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010. xvi, 302 pp. $35.00, ISBN978-0-8071-3590-7.) Emilye Crosby Emilye Crosby State University of New York Geneseo, New York crosby@geneseo.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 98, Issue 2, September 2011, Pages 596–597, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jar195 Published: 01 September 2011
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Leadership styles and staff development of teaching staff in public and private secondary schools in Lukaya Town Council, Kalungu District, Uganda - David, Bbmle (2011)
Thesis report presented to the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree in master of Education Administration and Management
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Globalization and its Implications for Education in Nigeria - David, Ogunjemilua Oluwafemi; Grace, Omoni; Etelbert, E (Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 2011)
Globalization as the rapid increase in cross-border economic, social and technological exchange is not limited to industry andbusiness. Education systems being part of the information business can be seen as the core of globalization. This paper provides ananalysis of the relevant literature on the implications of globalization for education in Nigeria. The nature and objectives of globaleducation and the move towards standardized curricula were highlighted. Perceived barriers to globalization of education and the Nigeriansituation were also analyzed. This paper finally provides information and recommendations to those responsible for the planning of theeducational curricula for all levels of education in Nigeria
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Faith in schools: religion, education and American evangelicals in East Africa - Davies, Lynn (British Journal of Sociology of Education, 2011)
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Magnitude and causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment in Sekoru District, Southwest Ethiopia: a survey using the key informant method - Demissie, Berhan Solomon; Solomon, Anthony W. (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2011)
There are very few population-based data on childhood blindness in the Horn of Africa. In Sekoru district, Ethiopia, we performed a whole-of-population cross-sectional survey using the key informant method to determine the magnitude and causes of childhood blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye) and severe visual impairment (SVI; presenting visual acuity <6/60 but ≥3/60 in the better eye). Forty-two key informants were trained to identify blind/SVI children aged <16 years. Identified children were examined by an ophthalmologist. Causes of blindness/SVI were established by clinical examination. Key informants visited 94% of 22,666 households, identifying 112 children, of whom 36 (32%) were confirmed to be blind/SVI by the ophthalmologist. Twenty (56%) of the 36 were male. The mean age was 10.7 years. The district prevalence of childhood blindness/SVI was 0.062% (95% CI 0.042-0.082%). Lens-related abnormalities (mainly congenital cataract) were the commonest causes. Avoidable causes of blindness accounted for 89% of cases. Paediatric ophthalmic services are required here, as elsewhere in rural Ethiopia. Assessment by key informants has an acceptable positive predictive value in this setting. This method warrants further evaluation as a tool for measuring the prevalence of other rare conditions in rural and remote populations.
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Role ambiguity, role conflict and work overload and their influence on job satisfaction of sports facilitators in public schools in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa : job satisfaction in sport - Dhurup, M.; Mahomed, Fathima Essop (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
For some educators who assume the dual role of teaching in the classroom and taking on a further role of sport facilitator within a school environment can become highly emotional. The potential for stress is high since they have to work with class sizes of 40 and more learners for long periods of time and at the same time perform other duties in terms of organising sport in public schools. This study examined the relationship between role ambiguity, role conflict, work overload and their influence on job satisfaction among educators who are sport facilitators at primary and secondary public schools in the Vaal Triangle. Data were collected from a sample of 128 sport facilitators by means of a structured questionnaire. Bivarate correlations and regression analysis were used to test the nature of the relationships between the measures of job stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict, work overload) and job satisfaction. Significant negative relationships were found between the measures of role ambiguity, role conflict, work overload and job satisfaction. High levels of role ambiguity, role conflict and work overload seem to be predictors of low levels of job satisfaction.
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Pedagogy and participation: literacy education for low-literate refugee students of African origin in a western school system - Dooley, Karen; Thangaperumal, Pavithiran (Language and Education, 2011)
For ESL teachers working with low-literate adolescents the challenge is to provide instruction in basic literacy capabilities while also realising the benefits of interactive and dialogic pedagogies advocated for the students.In this article we look at literacy pedagogy for refugees of African origin in Australian classrooms.We report on an interview study conducted in an intensive English language school for new arrival adolescents and in three regular secondary schools.Brian Street"s ideological model is used.From this perspective, literacy entails not only technical skills, but also social and cultural ways of making meaning that are embedded within relations of power.The findings showed that teachers were strengthening control of instruction to enable mastery of technical capabilities in basic literacy and genre analysis.We suggest that this approach should be supplemented by a critical approach transforming relations of linguistic power that exclude, marginalise and humiliate the study students in the classroom.
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Aggressive behaviour in sport : an application of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) to South African university student-athletes - Dubihlela, Job; Surujlal, J. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
It is well established in literature that aggressive behaviour continues to be prevalent in many sporting activities despite the potential positive contribution that sport has made to athletes, society, universities and economies. The main aim of this study was to assess the application of an adapted version of the original Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) to measure aggression and its four factors (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility) amongst South African university athletes. The sample consisted of 300 athletes from three South African universities to whom the aggression questionnaire (herein called the AQ-SA) was administered. The results of the study supported the Buss and Perry four-factor structure, indicating that the AQ-SA can be useful for the measurement of aggression in a South African setting. The results showed that most athletes expressed moderate to low physical aggression, verbal aggression and hostility; and exhibited low levels of anger during sporting events. There is a need to devise ways to preserve the positive athletic-behaviour of South African university competitors. Research limitations and implications are reported and further research suggested.
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Using the New Media as Teaching Tool in Educational Institution in Nigeria - Durodolu, Oluwole Olumide; Alabi, Adefunke O. (2011)
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Health and Lifestyle Practices Among Female Students in a South African University Setting - E, Van Niekerk; Jg, Barnard (College student journal, 2011)
Lifestyle during young adulthood is associated with a sharp decline in physical activity patterns. Exercise behaviour is a key factor and an important motivator to bring about change in the health of most people. Aims of this research included investigation into various aspects of the health practices among female university students, 18 to 27 years, over a period of three years. Random, convenience sampling was used to select 941 participants (N=941), which constituted 5% of the total Stellenbosch University student population. Original questionnaires were constructed for the research. Questions on exercise preference, exercise participation expectations, health status, health-related problems, supplementation and medication, exercise habit, motivators and barriers to exercise, were included. Smoking habit as a health-risk was also investigated. Results over a three year period revealed that the study cohort regularly exercised at an average of 88% during the research period and that weight management and weight loss were important reasons to exercise at a 45% indication. Participants reported 5% lower-back pain, 4% asthma and 4% cholesterol problems. Results highlight the importance of monitoring health-related practices among students in university and college settings. The development of effective strategies and educational programmes are important to address the specific health needs of today's students. Key words: female students; university/college setting; health status; health-related problems; exercise habit; motivators to exercise; barriers to exercise; smoking habit; weight loss. Introduction University-aged students have a high risk of making unhealthy lifestyle choices that could affect their health and wellbeing (Dawson, Schneider, Fletcher & Bryden, 2007; Taylor, McCarthy, Herbert & Smith, 2009). This is the result and influence of a variety of popular cultures among young adults, the newfound freedom they experience and the typical peer pressure encountered during these years (Bell & Lee, 2005). Uninformed, university and college students could formulate inaccurate and incomplete notions regarding health, lifestyle, physical activity and fitness, as well as practice non-recommended methods of weight loss (Dawson et al., 2007; NASPE, 2007). As the lifestyle of this vulnerable group is influenced by many factors, there is a need to educate young university students on the lifelong implications of their choices, which might later influence their health behaviour. The behavioural and lifestyle choices people make early in their life influence their subsequent health status. Despite recent attention to health promotion and illness prevention during formative years, young people continue to engage in high rates of unhealthy behaviours, including those associated with a range of chronic diseases of lifestyle (Adlaf, Demers & Gliksman, 2005; Dawson et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2009). The adoption of negative health behaviours could therefore put the young adult at risk. Shankar, Dilworth and Cone (2004) report that university and college students' exercise behaviour is indeed at risk. Their research indicated that between 40% and 50% of young adults on university campuses do not participate in structured exercise programmes. According to the latest recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) there can be enormous benefits to the health of all individuals if they adopt a more active lifestyle (ACSM, 2007). It is reported that increasing numbers of students on university and college campuses are overweight or obese (CDC, 2006; ACHA 2009) and large numbers of these students are attempting to lose weight (NASPE, 2007). The American College Health Association (ACHA) (ACHA, 2006), reports that on average, 35% of students on college campuses are overweight or obese, a further 46% of students are attempting to lose weight, suggesting false perceptions regarding personal body weight and body image. …
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Establishment of norms for the Bull's Mental Skills Questionnaire in South African university students : an exploratory study : sport psychology - Edwards, David J.; Steyn, B.J.M. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
In various South African academic and professional fields, such as Sport and Exercise Psychology, mental skills are measured individually and/or collectively using internationally developed scales. Local norms are needed for such measures. The purpose of this study was to establish preliminary South African norms, in the form of means and standard deviations, for one such United Kingdom developed collectively orientated mental skill measure. The Bull's Mental Skills Questionnaire, consists of seven mental skill subscales: imagery ability (ia), mental preparation (mp), self-confidence (sc), anxiety and worry management (awm), concentration ability (ca), relaxation ability (ra) and motivation (m), which collectively produce a total mental skills score. For the purpose of obtaining a large sample size for this exploratory study, data were collected from 419 male and female university students with a mean age of 20.18 years. Results suggested significant correlations among all subscales, except between imagery ability and anxiety and worry management, as well as significant differences between males and females for imagery ability and motivation. There were no significant differences between ages or between younger and older mean age groups. Results are compared with previous South Africa studies where the scale has been used. Recommendations for future research are made.
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Multilingual education in South Africa: the role of publishers - Edwards, Viv; Ngwaru, Jacob Marriote (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2011)
Abstract The South African constitution and related legislative tools provide a supportive framework for multilingual education. Successful implementation, however, requires appropriate learning materials and questions remain as to the vision and commitment of publishers to producing them. Based on an analysis of currently available books for children and interviews with publishers and key figures in the book value chain, this paper explores both the educational rationale for African language publishing and the issues that constrain expansion. These issues include the heavy dependence on the schools market in a society where the majority of the population cannot or do not buy books, the consequences of the slow implementation of the government language-in-education policy, and the particular challenges faced by small publishers. It argues that in order to move beyond dependence on the schools market, publishers need to look critically at the content of the materials they are producing, methods of reaching the huge, untapped markets, and pricing strategies. It also considers differing opinions about the usefulness of translation in increasing the amount of reading material in African languages. Finally, it concludes that responsibility for finding a way out of the current impasse lies with both government and the publishing industry. Keywords: African languageseducation policychildren's bookspublishingSouth Africa Acknowledgements The research reported in this paper formed part of the ‘Interdisciplinary Perspectives on African Language materials for children’, funded by the Leverhulme Trust.
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Dietary diversity and nutritional status of pre-school children from Musa-dependent households in Gitega (Burundi) And Butembo (Democratic Republic Of Congo) - Ekesa, BN; Blomme, Guy; Garming, H. (African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2011)
In sub-Saharan African countries, diets of pre-school children are predominantly based on starchy foods with little or no animal products and few fresh fruits and vegetables. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Gitega health zone (Burundi) and Butembo health zone (Democratic Republic of Congo.DRC) with the objective of establishing dietary diversity and nutritional status of pre-school children fromrural-banana dependent households. The two health zones were selected based on high dependency on bananas and plantains and the high levels of food insecurity. Through multi-stage random sampling commune/collectivity, colline/localite and villages were selected from each of the health zones; household listing was done in each of the sub-sites and systematic random sampling used to select 281 householdswith pre-school children (Butembo- 138 and Gitega- 143). Dietary diversity was assessed using the dietary diversity score (DDS) with a reference period of 24 hr. Anthropometric measurements were taken and Epi Info 2002 used to compute nutrition indices and results classified according to World Health Organization 2006 cut-off points. Findings showed that 48% and 42% of the children from Butembo (DRC) and Gitega (Burundi) respectively had consumed food items from less than 3food groups. Only 7% and 29% of children from Butembo (DRC) and Gitega (Burundi), respectively had consumed highly diversified diets (>6 food groups). In both countries the most popular food group was the roots, tubers and bananas group (>75% consumption rate). The other popular food groups were; vegetables group, cereals and grains group in Gitega (Burundi) and vegetables group and legumes group in Butembo (DRC). In both countries less than 15% of the preschool childrenconsumed food from meat, eggs or milk groups. Stunting was the most prevalent form of malnutrition with 63.57% and 78.86% of the preschool children from Gitega and Butembo, respectively being stunted (z-scores of .-2), while 20% and 3.25% of children from Gitega and Burundi, respectively were wasted. The differences in levels of underweight and stunting among children from Gitega and Butembo were notstatistically significant but the differences in wasting were significantly different at a P
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Care, Disability and HIV in Africa: diverging or interconnected concepts and practices? - Evans, Ruth; Atim, Agnes (Third World Quarterly, 2011)
Abstract Recent research and policy have recognised the central role of unpaid care-givers (often women and girls) in the global South. Disability rights perspectives, however, challenge the language of ‘care’ and ‘dependence’. Drawing on qualitative research with women living with HIV and children caring for them in Tanzania, and on learning from the National Community of Women Living with HIV and AIDS in Uganda (NACWOLA), this paper explores the divergences and interconnections between the concepts and practices of care, disability and HIV in the context of East Africa. Despite the development of interdependent caring relations, both care-givers and people living with HIV in Tanzania experience ‘diminished autonomy’. The participation of people living with HIV, including disabled people, in home-based care and in peer support groups, however, can enhance ‘relational autonomy’ for both care-givers and care-recipients. We reflect on opportunities and challenges for mutual learning and cross-movement advocacy by disabled people, people living with HIV and care-givers. Acknowledgements We are very grateful to the young people, parents/relatives and NGO staff in Tanzania for sharing their experiences. We thank Saul Becker for his support and the Economic and Social Research Council for funding the study. Our sincere gratitude also goes to NACWOLA members involved in HIV service delivery and advocacy for the enormous sacrifices they make and their expertise in improving the well-being of people living with HIV in Uganda. Special thanks to Nancy Okunu in her role as the national chairperson of the Board of Directors of NACWOLA for her exceptional leadership over the past three years. We also thank NACWOLA's donors for funding and supporting the work. We also wish to thank Harriet Ward, Helen Meekosha, Karen Soldatic, the anonymous reviewers, and especially Sophie Bowlby, for their comments and suggestions. Notes 1 F Thomas, ‘Stigma, fatigue and social breakdown: exploring the impacts of hiv/aids on patient and carer wellbeing in the Caprivi region, Namibia’, Social Science and Medicine, 63(12), 2006, pp 3174–3187. 2 E Robson, N Ansell, US Huber, WTS Gould & L van Blerk, ‘Young caregivers in the context of the hiv/aids pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa’, Population, Space and Place, 12(2), 2006, pp 93–111; and R Evans & S Becker, Children Caring for Parents with hiv and aids: Global Issues and Policy Responses, Bristol: Policy Press, 2009. 3 E Nsutebu, J Walley, E Mataka & C Simon, ‘Scaling-up hiv/aids and tb home-based care: lessons from Zambia’, Health Policy and Planning, 16(3), 2001, pp 240–247; and J Ogden, S Esim & C Grown, ‘Expanding the care continuum for hiv/aids: bringing carers into focus’, Health Policy and Planning, 21(5), 2006, pp 333–342. 4 K Bedford, ‘Harmonizing global care policy? Care and the Commission on the Status of Women’, Gender and Development Programme Paper No 7, February 2010, Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. 5 G Parker & H Clarke, ‘Making the ends meet: do carers and disabled people have a common agenda?’, Policy and Politics, 30(3), 2002, pp 347–359; and T Kröger, ‘Care research and disability studies: nothing in common?’, Critical Social Policy, 29(3), 2009, pp 398–420. 6 World Health Organisation (who), Community-based Rehabilitation: cbr Guidelines Supplementary Booklet, Geneva: who, 2010, at www.who.int/disabilities/cbr/guidelines/en/index.html, accessed October 2010; and J Hanass-Hancock & S Nixon, ‘The fields of hiv and disability: past, present and future’, Journal of the International aids Society, 12(28), 2009, at www.jiasociety.org/content/12/1/28, accessed October 2010. 7 unaids, who & Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (ohchr), Disability and hiv Policy Brief,unaids/who/ohchr, April 2009, p 1, http://data.unaids.org/pub/Manual/2009/jc1632_policy_brief_disability_en.pdf. 8 Disability Rights Commission, A Guide to the Disability Discrimination Act for People with hiv, Cancer and ms , December 2005, at www.drc-gb.org, accessed October 2010; and Hanass-Hancock & Nixon, ‘The fields of hiv and disability’. 9 S Leclerc-Madlala, ‘Popular responses to hiv/aids and policy’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 31(4), 2005, pp 845–856. 10 S Wendell, ‘Unhealthy disabled: treating chronic illnesses as disabilities’, Hypatia, 16(4), 2001, p 22. 11 J Morris, Pride Against Prejudice: Transforming Attitudes to Disability, Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1991; and Wendell, ‘Unhealthy disabled’, pp 17–33. 12 B Hughes, ‘Disability activisms: social model stalwarts and biological citizens’, Disability and Society, 24(6), 2009, pp 677–688; and D Reeve ‘Negotiating psycho-emotional dimensions of disability and their influence on identity construction’, Disability and Society, 17(5), 2002, pp 493–508. 13 H Parr & R Butler, ‘New geographies of illness, impairment and disability’, in Butler & Parr (eds), Mind and Body Space: Geographies of Illness, Impairment and Disability, London: Routledge, 1999, pp 1–24. 14 A James & J Hockey, Embodying Health Identities, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, p 10. 15 I Dyck, ‘Hidden geographies: the changing lifeworlds of women with multiple sclerosis’, Social Science and Medicine, 40(3), 1995, pp 307–320; and Wendell, ‘Unhealthy disabled’. 16 Hughes explains that Rabinow's notion of ‘biosociality’ refers to the process by which biological similarity becomes a focus of community, association and collective action. Hughes, ‘Disability activisms’, p 678. 17 N Beckmann & J Bujra, ‘“The politics of the queue”: the politicization of people living with hiv/aids in Tanzania’, 41(6), 2010, pp 1041–1064. 18 Parker & Clarke, ‘Making the ends meet’; and M Fine & C Glendinning, ‘Dependence, independence or inter-dependence? Revising the concepts of “care” and “dependency”’, Ageing and Society, 25(4), 2005, pp 601–621. 19 Bedford, ‘Harmonizing global care policy?’. 20 Fine & Glendinning, ‘Dependence, independence or inter-dependence?’, p 610. 21 Morris, Pride Against Prejudice. 22 L Keith & J Morris, ‘Easy targets: a disability rights perspective on the “children as carers” debate’, Critical Social Policy, 15(44–45), 1995, pp 36–57; and J Stables & F Smith, ‘“Caught in the Cinderella trap”: narratives of disabled parents and young carers’, in Butler & Parr, Mind and Body Spaces, pp 256–268. 23 M Wates, Supporting Disabled Adults in their Parenting Role, York: York Publishing Services, 2002. 24 Kröger, ‘Care research and disability studies’; and Fine & Glendinning, ‘Dependence, independence or inter-dependence?’. 25 J Tronto, Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care, New York: Routledge, 1993; and S Sevenhuijsen, Citizenship and the Ethics of Care: Feminist Considerations on Justice, Morality and Politics, London: Routledge, 1998. 26 EF Kittay, Love's Labor: Essays on Women, Equality and Dependency, New York: Routledge, 1999; and Kittay, ‘When caring is just and justice is caring: justice and mental retardation’, in EF Kittay & E Feder (eds), The Subject of Care: Feminist Perspectives on Dependency, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002, pp 257–276. 27 Fine & Glendinning, ‘Dependence, independence or inter-dependence?’, p 613. 28 Ibid, p 616. 29 M Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London: Tavistock, 1977. 30 R Evans & F Thomas, ‘Emotional interactions and an ethic of care: caring relations in families affected by hiv and aids’, Emotions, Space and Society, 2(2), 2009, pp 111–119. 31 This was part of a larger study funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council that investigated the experiences, needs and resilience of children caring for parents and relatives with hiv in Tanzania and the UK, led by Ruth Evans and Saul Becker, grant number RES-000-22-1732-A. 32 S Wilson, ‘“When you have children, you're obliged to live”: motherhood, chronic illness and biographical disruption’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 29(4), 2007, pp 610–629. 33 Wendell, ‘Unhealthy disabled’. 34 R Wilton, ‘Qualitative health research: negotiating life with hiv/aids’, Professional Geographer, 51(2), 1999, pp 254–264. 35 E Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, London: Penguin Books, 1963. 36 Reeve, ‘Negotiating psycho-emotional dimensions of disability’. 37 Evans & Thomas, ‘Emotional interactions’; and A Chimwaza & S Watkins, ‘Giving care to people with symptoms of aids in rural sub-Saharan Africa’, aids Care, 16(7), 2004, pp 795–807. 38 Tronto, Moral Boundaries. 39 Evans & Becker, Children Caring for Parents with hiv ; and R Bray, ‘A literature review on child carers in Angola, Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe’, unpublished report, Save the Children UK, Pretoria, 2009. 40 Ogden et al, ‘Expanding the care continuum for hiv/aids’; and Evans & Thomas, ‘Emotional interactions’. 41 Kittay, ‘When caring is just and justice is caring’, p 269. 42 Wilson, ‘“When you have children, you're obliged to live”’. 43 Kittay, ‘When caring is just and justice is caring’. 44 M Oliver, The Politics of Disablement, Basingstoke: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990. 45 Hughes, ‘Disability activisms’; and Beckmann & Bujra, ‘“The politics of the queue”’. 46 Beckmann & Bujra, ‘“The politics of the queue”’, p 1056. 47 C McIlwaine, ‘From local to global to transnational civil society: reframing development perspectives on the non-state sector’, Geography Compass, 1(6), 2007, pp 1252–1281. 48 Kittay, ‘When caring is just and justice is caring’, p 271. 49 Evans & Thomas, ‘Emotional interactions’. 50 Evans & Becker, Children Caring for Parents with hiv and aids . 51 A holistic definition of hiv care and support was recently proposed in What do we really mean by ‘hiv care and support’? Progress towards a comprehensive definition, hiv Care and Support Working Group of the UK Consortium on aids and International Development, London, 2008, at http://www.aidsconsortium.org.uk/Care&Support/Publications/C&SDoc2008.pdf, accessed 29 June 2011. 52 Beckmann & Bujra, ‘“The politics of the queue”’; and Hughes, ‘Disability activisms’. 53 Secretariat of the African Decade of Persons with Disabilities & Handicap International, Africa Campaign on Disability and hiv and aids Brochure, at www.africacampaign.info/uploads/media/campaign_brochure__english_version_pdf, accessed 30 October 2010. 54 Bedford, ‘Harmonizing global care policy?’, p 18. 55 Kröger, ‘Care research and disability studies’.
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Educational Supervision Status in the Program of Practical Education at the Department of Physical Education at Al- Aqsa University in Gaza - Fares, Abdalaleem (Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʿaẗ al-naǧāḥ al-abḥāṭ. Al-ʿul-um al-insāniyyaẗ, 2011)
This study aims at identifying the educational supervision status in the practical education training at the Department of physical education at Al- Aqsa University of Gaza. The study introduced a questionnaire to 60 male students who have experienced the training experience till its final phase. The questionnaire included six domains which were related to the aims of the educational supervision and the bases on which it relies, the teaching aids and the adopted techniques, the role and duties and their relation with the teacher students and the tasks of the hosting school headmaster. The results showed that Educational supervisors do care to provide the teacher students with the proper planning skills while emphasizing to them the importance of the practical education and he respects the points of view of the teachers and the hosting schools headmasters and takes into account the principle of flexibility in his supervision, moreover, he evaluates the teacher students without being influenced by the opinions of others. The study result showed weakness on the basics of good teaching it also showed that educational supervisors do not have scheduled periodical meetings with their student teachers for discussing the positive and negative aspects of the lessons; moreover, Educational Supervisors do not care for building good human relations with their teacher students and do not inform them about the time of their visits. The results also emphasized that educational supervisors pay no attention to the observation phase and they do not discuss the observations they recorded within the lesson with their students. The results also indicated that the headmaster do not allocate a suitable and comfortable place for them when the educational supervisor pays them a visit so as to ease the task of the educational supervisor and the students. تناولت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى واقع الإشراف التربوي في التربية العملية بكلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة الأقصى بغزة. وقد طرح البحث استبياناً على 60 طالبا من الذين مروا بهذه التجربة حتى مرحلتها الأخيرة. واشتملت الاستبانة على 6 محاور تتعلق بأهداف الإشراف التربوي، والأسس التي يقوم عليها، والوسائل والأساليب المتبعة، ودور وواجبات المشرفين وعلاقتهم مع الطلاب المعلمين، ومهام مدير المدرسة المضيفة. وأظهرت النتائج اهتمام المشرفين بإكساب الطلاب المعلمين مهارات التخطيط الجيد، وتوعية الطلاب المعلمين بأهمية التربية العملية، ويلاحظ المشرف النواحي الفنية المتعلقة بأجزاء الدرس. كما أن المشرف يحترم رأي ودور معلمي ومديري المدارس المضيفة، ويراعي مبدأ المرونة في إشرافه، ويوضح كيفية إصلاح الأخطاء للتلاميذ خلال الدرس، بالإضافة إلى أنه يشجع الطلاب المعلمين على أداء النموذج بأنفسهم أمام التلاميذ، ويقّوم الطلاب المعلمين دون التأثر بآراء الآخرين. لكن عينة الدراسة أفادت ضعف التدريب على أسس التعليم الجيد، وأن المشرف لا يحدد الاجتماعات بصورة دورية معهم لمناقشة أوجه التقدم والقصور، ولا يحرص على تكوين علاقات إنسانية معهم، ولا يعلمهم بموعد زيارته لهم. وأكدت النتائج عدم الاهتمام بمرحلة المشاهدة، حيث أن المشرفين لا يناقشون الطلاب المعلمين في الملاحظات التي قاموا بتسجيلها أثناء دروس المشاهدة، وبينت النتائج أن مدير المدرسة يتابع مع وكيله حضور الطلاب المعلمين، لكنه لا يخصص مكانا مناسبا لهم عند حضور المشرف من أجل راحتهم وتسهيل مهمة اللقاء بمشرفهم.
openalex: W646862357 mag: 646862357
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RoboCup Junior: A vehicle for S&T education in Africa? - Ferrein, Alexander; Marais, Stephen; Potgieter, Anet; Steinbauer, Gerald (2011)
One of the challenges of the 21st century is to prepare learners for the rising technological challenges in jobs and daily life. In order to be able to do so curiosity and motivation of the learners have to be stimulated. There exist initiatives such as the First Lego League or RoboCupJunior to spark interest in youngsters for science and technology. In a playful way, the children get into contact with technology and become more interested in these fields. In this paper we report on the experiences of the South African RoboCupJunior Rescue team AmaJukuJuku that participated in the 2010 RoboCupJunior in Singapore. From the first-hand experiences of this group of learners with a disadvantaged learning background, we show the positive effects and argue that such initiatives are helpful and important, particularly in the African context. We propose a scheme how such initiatives could be undertaken in the whole of Africa.
openalex: W2016533013 mag: 2016533013
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Education and Empowerment: Lessons and History of the Christian Education Network in Israel and Palestine - Frantzman, Seth J. (Digest of Middle East Studies, 2011)
Abstract Beginning in the 1850s, Christian missionary organizations established schools in Ottoman Palestine. A variety of networks developed over the years, principally those of the Anglicans and Catholics. Initially, these schools provided an education emphasizing European Christian values and subjects. Over time, however, a slow process of indigenization occurred. The first fruits of this process are illustrated by young leaders like Emil Tume and Tewfik Tubi who were prominent in the political opposition in Israel's first years of statehood. Another generation produced such notables as author Raja Shehadeh and Hanan Ashwari. In today's Israel and the Palestinian territories, the best schools, from a standpoint of matriculation, are Christian private schools that are open to all communities. Through this history, the article examines the development of a Christian school network and the political activism, involvement, and empowerment they engendered. It also provides a case study of the Rosary Sisters' school system.
openalex: W1938488629 mag: 1938488629
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Effect of health education on knowledge and oral hygiene practices of persons living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. - Gathece, Loice W; Wang’ombe, Joseph K; Ng’ang’a, P M; Wanzala, Peter (PubMed, 2011)
To assess the effect of oral health education on knowledge and oral health seeking behaviour of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).Quasi-experimental study design conducted among 195 Persons living with HIV/AIDS attending two Comprehensive Care Centres (CCC) at the Kenyatta National Hospital (intervention group) and Mbagathi district hospital (non-intervention group) in Nairobi Kenya. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling method and data collected using a questionnaire. Data was collected at baseline, at three months (review 1) and at six months (review 2).There was a significant change in oral health knowledge for KNH participants. However, no significant change in oral knowledge was recorded for MDH participants. The proportion of participants who brushed their teeth at least twice a day increased significantly from 52% to 88% for KNH. The proportion of those who had brushed the previous evening increased from 47% to 83.2%. There was no significant change in the proportion brushing at least twice a day among the non-intervention group. There was a significant association between change in knowledge and change to brushing at least twice a day among the intervention group.Oral health education led to improved oral health knowledge and oral hygiene practices among PLWHA.
openalex: W1587166964 mag: 1587166964
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Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of an alkaline volcanic area: the NE Mt. Meru slope (East African Rift – Northern Tanzania) - Ghiglieri, Giorgio; Pittalis, Daniele; Cerri, Guido; Oggiano, G. (2011)
Abstract. The objective of this study is to analyze the geochemical conditions associated with the presence of fluoride (F−) in the groundwater of an area of Northern Tanzania. The studied aquifers are composed of volcanic rocks such as phonolitic and nephelinitic lavas, basalts, lahars of various ages and mantling ash. Sedimentary rocks consisting of fine-grained alluvial and lacustrine deposits occur as well. Samples collected from springs, borehole and surface water, during two monitoring surveys, were analyzed for the various physico-chemical and isotopic parameters. The geochemical composition of water is typically sodium bicarbonate. High values of F− (up to 68 mg l−1) were recorded. The highest values of fluoride agreed with the highest values of pH, sodium and bicarbonate. Dissolution of major ions, exchange processes and precipitation of Ca2+ from super-saturated solutions joined with the local permeability and hydraulic gradients, control the fluoride mobilization and the contamination of the area.
openalex: W4238150019
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Family background, school characteristics, and children's cognitive achievement in Madagascar - Glick, Peter; Randrianarisoa, Jean Claude; Sahn, David E. (Education Economics, 2011)
Abstract This paper uses linked household, school, and test score data from Madagascar to investigate the relation of household characteristics and school factors to the cognitive skills of children ages 8–10 and 14–16. In contrast to most achievement test studies in developing countries, the study uses representative rather than school-based samples of children and combines detailed information on school and family background. Schooling of mothers matters far more for learning than schooling of fathers, perhaps reflecting differences in parental time spent with children on schoolwork. Even these effects, however, are significantly attenuated when controlling for choice of residence or school. Skills are also affected by aspects of primary schools, including teacher experience and infrastructure. Keywords: human capitaltest scoreseducation qualityMadagascar Notes Some school-based studies include, in addition to tests, brief questionnaires for students with basic questions on specific assets owned by the family and parents' education. These questions tend to be limited in number but may serve in the analysis of achievement determinants for older students. For young students, however, such as the younger group (8–10 years old) considered in this paper, such self-reported data are likely to be both too limited in scope and unreliable. Another option would be instrumental variables. The EPSPAM data collected information on parents' own family background, including the health of their parents and access to schools and health services in childhood that can be used as instruments for parental schooling. Unfortunately, due to missing data on parental family backgrounds (only available for parents actually resident in the household, unlike information on the parents' education), using these variables would entail a large and potentially selective sample reduction. In the 1998 study, the choice of schools was dictated in part by the requirement that each school have at least 20 students in both the second and fifth grades. Given high dropout rates and small overall school size in Madagascar, many schools, especially in remote rural areas, did not have 20 children in the fifth grade. In subsequent analysis, we intend to focus on the PASEC subsample only and examine the evolution of skills since the second grade in 1998. Preliminary descriptive analysis along these lines can be found in Glick et al. (Citation2005). During the survey, the coding sheets on school characteristics were lost for two clusters, hence children from those clusters were not included in the analysis. In fact, since primary school choice is fairly limited in this sample as noted earlier, community and school-fixed effects estimates are very similar. In estimating the selection probit, the sample included all children in the relevant age bracket, not just those who had been randomly selected to take the test. The data files do not distinguish between non-test takers who were asked and declined from those who were not asked. However, given that the selection process for choosing children to take the test was largely random, the parameters in our selection model are picking up the effect of declining to take the test, not of being selected for testing. Note finally, that, as expected, some children declined to take specific tests (typically written tests) while agreeing to sit for other tests (in particular, oral math and life skills). For the selection model such children are included as ‘refusers’ for the tests they did not take. In addition to the identification issue is the issue of the distributional assumption: as pointed out by a referee, the Heckman approach, while ubiquitous, restrictively assumes joint normality of the errors in the selection and outcome (test score) equations. Given the complexity of programming and estimating alternatives such as non-parametric or semi-parametric selection models, for this analysis we rely on the standard Heckman approach. This limitation should be kept in mind, however. As noted earlier, however, the large majority of sample children in a community attend/attended the same primary school, so school choice within a community is not likely to be a major source of bias in estimates of the effects of school characteristics. Instead, in this sample the endogeneity concerns would arise more from non-random sorting of households into communities with schools of different quality. The private–public differences are not large, with the exception of share of teachers with completed college or better (0.72 private vs. 0.48 public) and whether the school has separate toilet facilities for girls and boys (0.63 private vs. 0.34 public). Glick and Sahn (Citation2010) find the opposite effect for second graders in Senegal: a very strong positive interaction of being a girl and having a female teacher for that year.
openalex: W2026989328 mag: 2026989328
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Family Background, School Characteristics, and Children's Cognitive Achievement in Madagascar - Glick, Peter; Randrianarisoa, Jean Claude; Sahn, David E. (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
This paper uses linked household, school, and test score data from Madagascar to investigate the relation of household characteristics and school factors to the cognitive skills of children ages 8-10 and 14-16. In contrast to most achievement test studies in developing countries, the study uses representative rather than school-based samples of children and combines detailed information on school and family background. Schooling of mothers matters far more for learning than schooling of fathers, perhaps reflecting differences in parental time spent with children on schoolwork. Even these effects, however, are significantly attenuated when controlling for choice of residence or school. Skills are also affected by aspects of primary schools, including teacher experience and infrastructure.
openalex: W3122309830 mag: 3122309830
Keywords: openalex:import

[Aetiology of intestinal parasites in a sample of students from Mozambique]. - Guidetti, Carlotta; Ricci, Lidia; Vecchia, Luigi La (PubMed, 2011)
The purpose of this survey is to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a population of Mozambican students. Ninety five faecal samples were collected at the three schools in Marrere, Mozambique, for a period of about one week. Observations of fresh and Giemsa-stained samples were performed at the laboratory of the Geral de Marrere Hospital; observation after concentration (FEA) was performed later at the Microbiology Laboratory of the S. Maria Nuova Hospital (Reggio Emilia, Italy). The results show a high rate of intestinal parasites among the subjects examined, supported mainly by helminths (Strongyloides stercoralis and Ancylostoma/Necator americanus), and protozoa (Dientamoeba fragilis and Giardia intestinalis). Analysis of data shows that the search for pathogenic parasites with the formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) stool concentration technique shows higher sensitivity than the observation of fresh samples (60% vs 30%) and in some cases allows the presence of a second or third parasite to be detected. The high rate of parasitosis in endemic areas underlines the importance of lending greater attention to immigrant patients in Italy, due also to the fact that parasitosis is often found in asymptomatic forms.
openalex: W2401836546 mag: 2401836546
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Trends in maternal mortality in Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana. - Gumanga, S.K.; Kolbila, David; Gandau, Barnabas B. N.; Munkaila, Adam; Malechi, Hawa; Kyei-Aboagye, K (PubMed, 2011)
To determine the yearly maternal mortality ratio over the period 2006-2010 and trends in the causes of 139 audited maternal deaths from 2008-2010 at the Tamale Teaching Hospital in GhanaRetrospective descriptive review of maternal deathsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tamale Teaching HospitalData on maternal deaths that occurred over the review period were obtained from the patient folders, departmental monthly reports, midwifery monthly returns, audit reports, theatre, intensive care unit, maternity, gynaecology and the labour ward records.There were 280 maternal deaths from 1(st) January 2006 to 31(st) December 2010. The maternal mortality ratio dropped from 1870 per 100,000 live births in 2006 to 493 per 100,000 live births in 2010, a fall of nearly 74%. Using 2008 as the baseline, maternal mortality ratio dropped from 842 per 100,000 live births in 2008 to 493 per 100,000 live births in 2010, a fall of 41.4%. The main causes of 139 audited maternal deaths from 2008 to 2010 were sepsis (19.8%) hypertensive disorders(18.6%), haemorrhage (15.8%), unsafe abortion (11.5%), obstructed labour (5.7%), anaemia (8.7%), sickle cell disease (5.7%) and malaria (5.0%). The ages of the 139 audited maternal deaths ranged from 14-48 years; with mean age of 26.5 ± 4.6 years. Nearly 50% of the maternal deaths were aged 20-29 years and about 10% were 14-19 years. Eighteen(13%) of the maternal deaths were from towns over 150 km from Tamale.There has been significant reduction in maternal mortality at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, it is however still unacceptably high.
openalex: W1824158658 mag: 1824158658
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Developing a systemic approach to teacher education in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging lessons from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda - Hardman, Frank; Ackers, Jim; Abrishamian, Niki; O’Sullivan, Margo C. (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2011)
While many countries in Eastern and Southern Africa are on track for meeting the Education for All targets, there is a growing recognition of the need to improve the quality of basic education and that a focus on pedagogy and its training implications needs to be at the heart of this commitment. By drawing on three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, which are at different stages of development with regard to the reforming of teacher education, this paper explores the challenges and the lessons learned from each of the countries with regard to the development and strengthening of pre- and in-service training. The tension between quality, breadth and cost-effectiveness is explored together with a broader discussion of key principles to be taken into account when enhancing teacher education in the region as a whole.
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Alan Wieder. Teacher and Comrade: Richard Dudley and the Fight for Democracy in South Africa. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2008. 175 pp. Photographs. Glossary. Sources. Index. $65.50. Cloth. $29.95. Paper. - Haron, Muhammed (African Studies Review, 2011)
Alan Wieder. Teacher and Comrade: Richard Dudley and the Fight for Democracy in South Africa. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2008. 175 pp. Photographs. Glossary. Sources. Index. 29.95. Paper. - Volume 54 Issue 2
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Global Health Training During Residency: The Weill Cornell Tanzania Experience - Hau, Duncan K.; DiPace, Jennifer; Peck, Robert; Johnson, Warren D. (Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 2011)
In 2007, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) began annually to send approximately 30 residents in internal medicine and pediatrics to Bugando Medical Center in Mwanza, Tanzania, where they were supervised and mentored by 2 full-time WCMC faculty physicians.To describe the components of the WCMC global health elective and to evaluate the experiences of the participants.Subjects were WCMC residents in internal medicine and pediatrics from the graduating classes of 2007-2009. Electronic surveys were sent to all participants (n = 57) and to a group of nonparticipants (n = 57).Overall response rate was 58%. The most-selected, primary reasons for participation in the program were an interest in global health and a desire to serve an underprivileged population. Participants rated use of routine laboratory tests in the United States as more overused than did nonparticipants (P = .01). After the elective, 62% of participants reported a reduced use of laboratory and/or radiologic tests. All participants (100%; 39 of 39) reported the elective as having a positive effect on their knowledge of international health and tropical medicine. More than 90% of participants (36 of 39) reported the elective as having a positive effect on their physical examination skills.Participants of the WCMC global health elective report positive experiences from our multidimensional global health collaboration.
openalex: W1986939709 mag: 1986939709
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Age and Gender but Not Common Chronic Illnesses Predict Odor Identification in Older African Americans - Hawkins, Keith; Pearlson, Godfrey D. (The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011)
Loss of smell accompanies specific neurodegenerative diseases and may facilitate the early detection of these. Smell deficiency also engenders safety risks in the elderly. The Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), though clinically practical, is accompanied by limited normative data, and none for minority subjects. We sought to improve the clinical utility of the BSIT by determining the relationship between test score, demographics, and chronic illnesses in a minority cohort.We evaluated BSIT performance in a cohort of cognitively healthy older African Americans and compared our findings with all existing data for the test.General community.African Americans (N = 288) age 55-87 years living independently.BSIT score stratified by demographic predictors.Age and gender were predictive of score, but education, global cognition, hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorder were not significantly related to performance within this cognitively healthy sample. Comparison of our findings with international studies suggests reasonably consistent performance levels across diverse samples.The lack of a significant relationship between common chronic conditions, or sociocultural factors, with the BSIT score underscores the value of this test in screening for odor identification deficiencies in older subjects.
openalex: W2118029893 mag: 2118029893
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Breaking gender barriers : vocational training vouchers and Kenyan youth - Hicks, Joan; Mbiti, Isaac; Kremer, Michael; Miguel, Edward (2011)
Youth account for approximately 60 percent of the unemployed population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Seventy two percent of adolescents in the region live below the $2/day poverty line. Vocational education has been identified as a promising avenue for young adults to acquire and develop marketable skills for employment. The Technical and Vocational Vouchers Program (TVVP) was launched in an attempt to fill key knowledge gaps in Kenya. The evidence suggests that: i) by nudging women to acquire training in lucrative male dominated trades; the information intervention may boost the earnings potential for women in vocational training. Additionally, ii) among those employed at the time of survey, students with vocational training were more generously compensated, with females enjoying the greatest financial returns amongst voucher recipients.
openalex: W300380033 mag: 300380033
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Democratic Participation in Rural Tanzania and Zambia: The Impact of Civic Education. By Satu Riutta. Boulder, CO: First Forum, 2009. 225p. $59.95. - Hoffman, Barak (Perspectives on Politics, 2011)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
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Impediments to educative practicum: the case of teacher preparation in Ethiopia - Hussein, Jeylan Wolyie (Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 2011)
The study is a phenomenological case study into the lived experience of teacher candidates and associate teachers in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to gain a phenomenological sensitivity to the lived experience of the participants and through that to identify key structural and conceptual impediments to meaningful professional learning. The study presents analysis of how the problems framed as ‘structural and conceptual impediments’ have jeopardised the emotional and professional well-being of the participants. The implication of the findings for teacher education institutions that use practicum as a strategy to prepare teachers was drawn. This, in a nutshell, is the view that shared responsibility for teacher candidates’ learning is impossible without shared understanding, values and directions.
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Prevalence and correlates of gender-based violence among female university students in Northern Nigeria. - Iliyasu, Zubairu; Abubakar, IS; Aliyu, Muktar H.; Galadanci, Hadiza; Salihu, Hamisu M. (PubMed, 2011)
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health and human rights problem worldwide. The extent of this problem in educational institutions has not been explored in Northern Nigeria. Using self administered questionnaires, we determined the prevalence and risk factors for gender-based violence among 300 female university students in Kano, Northern Nigeria. The overall prevalence of gender-based violence was 58.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 52.9% to 64.5%]. Specifically, 22.8%, 22.2% and 50.8% of students experienced physical, sexual or emotional violence respectively. Religious affiliation ethnicity, indigeneship, marital status, campus residence and faculty affiliation were significant predictors of GBV. GBV awareness creation programs, legal protection and implementation of an effective redress mechanism are recommended to curb this menace.
openalex: W2099565750 mag: 2099565750
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Effect of safety education on knowledge of and compliance with road safety signs among commercial motorcyclists in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. - Johnson, Ofonime E.; Adebayo, Ayodeji Matthew (PubMed, 2011)
Compliance with road safety signs is important in the reduction of motorcycle accidents. The aim of this study was to implement health education intervention and assess its impact on the knowledge of and compliance with road safety signs among commercial motorcyclists in Uyo, Southern Nigeria.This was an intervention study among motorcyclists in Uyo, Southern Nigeria, with a control group from a similar town. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Subjects were selected through multistage sampling method. Baseline data on compliance to road safety signs was collected from both groups. Motorcyclists in the intervention group were given education on the importance of compliance to road safety signs. Data was subsequently collected from both groups 3 months post intervention and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.A total of 200 respondents participated in the study, 100 from each group. Following intervention, respondents with good knowledge score increased from 21% at baseline to 82% at 3 months post intervention in the intervention group (p<0.05) and from 19% to 21% in the control group. Compliance score in the intervention group increased from 15% to 70% (p<0.05) and from 12% to 18% in the control group.A significant increase in compliance to road safety signs was recorded among motorcyclists in the intervention group after safety education. All motorcyclists should therefore be given education on road safety signs as this will improve compliance and lead to safer road use among them.
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PERCENT OF BODY WEIGHT CARRIED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THEIR BAGS IN A NIGERIAN SCHOOL - Johnson, Olubusola Esther; Adeniji, Oluwatoyin Adenike; Mbada, Chidozie Emmanuel; Obembe, Adebimpe Olayinka; Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo (Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, 2011)
Purpose: This study reports percent of bodyweight represented by school bags carried by students in Nigeria. Method: 381 secondary school students were randomly selected in this cross-sectional study. Informed consent and assents were obtained. Weights, heights and backpack weights (BPWT) were measured by blinded researchers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Chi square and odds ratio, at 0.05 α-level. Results: The mean age, height weight and BMI of participants were 14.01±2.17 years, 1.56±0.11 m, 46.19±9.65 kg, 18.89±3.12 kg/m 2 , respectively. Average total weight of bags carried by participants was 4.48 kg, relative BPWT was 10.16%, and 65% carried bags on their back. There was no significant association between BPWT and back pain (X 2 = 0.106. p = 0.744). The relative risks [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)] of developing back pain among those that carry normal BPWT compared with those who carry above normal BPWT to school was (OR 0.805; CI 0.478–1.355), (OR 0.733; CI 0.295–1.817) and (OR 0.883; CI 0.454–1.718) for total, junior and senior secondary schools participants, respectively. Conclusion: Percent of body weights represented by the weights of bags carried by students in a Nigerian school fell between the recommended 10–15%. A 10% relative weight is recommended for secondary school students in Nigeria.
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‘It is two-way traffic’: teachers' tensions in the implementation of the Kenyan language-in-education policy - Jones, Jennifer; Barkhuizen, Gary (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2011)
This article reports on an ethnographic study which investigated the implementation of the Kenyan language-in-education policy in a school in rural Western Kenya. The study reveals the complexity of policy implementation in a multilingual and multiethnic context where language shift and civil unrest are occurring, and where there is pressure to move learners to Kiswahili and English despite the policy's support for mother tongue (MT) education in the early grades. In such a setting teachers are caught in the middle of conflicting aspirations and are left having to balance their ideals for language teaching with the complex reality of their teaching context. In order to manage the tensions which arise in this situation, teachers employ classroom practices such as code-switching and choral teaching, and endeavour to move learners as quickly as possible from the MT, in this case Sabaot, to the languages of wider communication. Included in the article is a conceptual framework which illustrates the most significant areas of tension for Sabaot teachers. This framework could serve as a guide for other groups to identify potential tensions in the fact-finding stage of language planning.
openalex: W2038646587 mag: 2038646587
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Role of school media centres in technology integration in Nigerian schools: an exploration - Kalejaiye, Olugbenga J.; Fabunmi, Adesoji F; Adeoye, Adewole J (2011)
The study examines the role of School Media Centres (SMC) in technology integration in Nigerian schools. The historical research method or what some refer as historical inquiry was adopted for the study. It found that the School Media Centres have an indispensible role to play in this regard. However, several factors were discovered to militate against the realization of the centre’s full potentials. These factors include poor implementation of ICT in schools, lack of teachers’ confidence and teachers’ computer anxiety, lack of teachers’ competency due to lack of time for training, lack of access to resources, infrastructural challenges such as erratic power supply, and lack of technical support. If these militating factors are not addressed, the Centres may never be able to contribute meaningfully to technology integration in Nigerian schools. The study, therefore, recommends that a change in government attitude to technology acquisition, integration, and use; formulation of a sound ICT integration policy distinct from the general ICT policy; and improved funding among others are required.
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Employees training and performance in organizations: a case study of Uganda breweries ltd Kampala Uganda - Kalungi, Nicholas (2011)
A research dissertation submitted to the College of Economics and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Bachelors Degree in Human Resource Management of Kampala International University
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Keywords: openalex:import

A study on inclusion of leprosy in the curricula of pre-service health training institutions in Uganda - Kawuma, H. J. S.; Nabukenya-Mudiope, Mary G. (Leprosy Review, 2011)
Objective: To establish the categories of pre-service health training institutions in Uganda that still maintain leprosy in their curricula and how leprosy training is organised. Materials and methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to the heads of 42 health training institutions including universities, paramedical and nurses’ training schools. Results: Leprosy was included in the curricula of 33 (78%) of the institutions studied but only 50% of them had organised leprosy training in the 2 years prior to the study. In 48% of cases the training was implemented by in-house trainers; the rest depended on external trainers and staff of a leprosy training centre. Course evaluation using a variety of methods was practiced by 80% of the institutions. Conclusions: Inclusion of leprosy in the curricula of pre-service health training institutions was not always followed by actual training. It is possible and acceptable to organise leprosy training within the confines of the institutions provided arrangements are made to include interaction with patients. Local leprosy control supervisors and dermatologists can be engaged to support pre-service training. In order to derive optimal benefit from this opportunity, the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme should develop a national plan for leprosy training, organise training of trainers and assure access to appropriate teaching and learning materials. There is a need for more comprehensive evaluation of the ongoing leprosy training in pre-service institutions.
openalex: W32027873 mag: 32027873
Keywords: openalex:import