Preparing for climate change: recognising its early impacts through the perceptions of dive tourists and dive operators in the Egyptian Red Sea - Marshall, Nadine; Marshall, Paul; Abdulla, Ameer; Rouphael, Tony; Ali, Amr (Current Issues in Tourism, 2011)
Climate change has the potential to permanently alter the attraction of many destinations and substantially impact the benefits derived from tourism. These impacts can be reduced if vulnerability to climate change is understood and operators take steps to adapt. Some of the more immediate and manageable impacts are likely to result from changes in tourist perceptions and attitudes towards climate change. We test for early impacts in the Red Sea region and for the awareness of tourism operators. We interviewed 150 tourists and 35 operators. Our data suggest that changes in tourist awareness are already apparent; yet, operators ascribe only a moderate level of environmental and climate awareness to them. This ‘perception gap’ increases the vulnerability of dive operators.
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Changes to parental consent procedures in South Africa: implications for school-based adolescent sexual health research. - Mason-Jones, Amanda J.; Zuch, Melanie; Mathews, Cathy; Henley, Lesley (PubMed, 2011)
To the Editor: How can a researcher protect the rights of adolescents who want to take part in school-based sexual health research, ensuring that informed consent to participate is properly obtained, without hindering the potentially beneficial research itself?
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Sustaining the African common position on climate change: international organisations, Africa and COP17 - Masters, Lesley (South African Journal of International Affairs, 2011)
Ahead of the ‘African Conference of the Parties’ (COP) scheduled to take place in Durban in November 2011, the ability to maintain an African common position will be paramount in providing a platform from which to pursue the continent's priorities on climate change. This article considers the role of international organisations in shaping the Africa Group's common position from COP15 in Copenhagen ahead of Durban. In addressing this role the analysis considers the position of the African Union and the regional economic communities, as well as the challenges facing the African Union from nested international organisation interests.
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The instructional leadership role of the high school head in creating a culture of teaching and learning in Zimbabwe - Masuku, Silvester (2011)
In this study, the researcher aimed to investigate and explore the instructional leadership role of the high school head in creating a culture of teaching and learning (COTL), with specific reference to high schools in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. In an attempt to realise that end, a qualitative approach drawing from ethnographic studies was used to collect data. Therefore, the research instruments included qualitative observations, individual and focus group interviews and document analysis. The participants included five high school heads, ten heads of departments (HODs), ten assistant teachers, and twenty five parents. These were drawn from the five high schools selected for the study. The main findings of the study are that a model for effective instructional leadership aimed at creating a culture of teaching and learning (COTL) consists of long-term and short-term dimensions. The long-term instructional leadership dimension comprises: visioning, communication of the school vision, value management, professional development of staff, and empowerment. The short-term instructional leadership dimension comprises of characteristics of the instructional leader, characteristics of the followers and characteristics of the situation. Characteristics of the instructional leader include his or her perception of stakeholders, task or people orientation, personality, knowledge and experience, value system and trust in followers. Characteristics of the followers include their readiness to take responsibility, motivation to excel, knowledge and experience. Characteristics of the situation include the school climate and culture, relationships among members of the school community, structuring of tasks, availability of human and material resources, and the use of incentives. The effective application of the instructional leadership model for effective practice by the high school head as the instructional leader in creating a culture of teaching and learning (COTL) takes into account both the long-term and short-term dimensions of effective instructional leadership in order to achieve meaningful educational change.
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Charting a Way Forward: Intersections of race and space in establishing identity as an African-Canadian teacher educator - McNeil, Barbara (Studying Teacher Education, 2011)
In Canada, most universities and their classrooms are often constructed as rational and neutral spaces where interaction between professors and students is free of the influences of race, class, and gender. Implicit in such a construction is the assumption that the university is a purely White space where students from the dominant racial group expect the professorate to be of similar race. The presence of a non-White teacher educator in such an environment disrupts such fictional constructions, generating tensions and resistance that complicate teaching and learning. This self-study describes my experience as an African-Canadian teacher educator and the intersections of race and space in a faculty of education landscape enmeshed in an ongoing struggle of decolonization. Along with self-study methodology, I use critical race theory and feminist post-structural theory to analyze the construction of my racial identity and relations of power in a White settler society. I explore how the intersection of race and space in my identity formation can be used to understand how my students are produced historically and culturally. The self-study provides insights into the production of teacher, student, and institution identities in a racialized place. It reveals how individuals and institutions are implicated in the work that needs to be done to enable diverse groups to interact meaningfully in critical, caring, and transformative ways.
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Machobane Farming System and its Relevance to Climate Change Policy in Lesotho - Mekbib, Sissay Bekele; Olaleye, A. O.; Mokhothu, Motlatsi N.; Johane, Masia; Tilai, Spirit B.; Wondimu, Taddese (2011)
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Peer education: The effects on knowledge of pregnancy related malaria and preventive practices in women of reproductive age in Edo State, Nigeria - Mens, Pètra F.; Scheelbeek, Pauline; Atabbi, Hind Al; Enato, Ehijie F. O. (BMC Public Health, 2011)
There is limited uptake of measures to prevent malaria by pregnant women in Nigeria which is often related to the lack of knowledge on Malaria in Pregnancy (MIP) and its effects on mother and foetus. This study, explored peer to peer education as a tool in raising knowledge of MIP among women of child bearing age. 1105 women of child bearing age were interviewed in their households using a structured questionnaire about their knowledge of malaria in general, MIP and use of preventive measures. Thereafter, a peer education campaign was launched to raise the level of knowledge in the community. The interviews were repeated after the campaign and the responses between the pre- and post-intervention were compared. In the pre-assessment women on average answered 64.8% of the question on malaria and its possibility to prevent malaria correctly. The peer education campaign had a significant impact in raising the level of knowledge among the women; after the campaign the respondents answered on average 73.8% of the questions correctly. Stratified analysis on pre and post assessment scores for malaria in general (68.8 & 72.9%) and MIP (61.7 & 76.3%) showed also significant increase. Uptake of bed nets was reported to be low: 11.6% Peer education led to a significant increase in knowledge of malaria and its prevention but we could not asses its influence on the use of preventive measures.
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Disability and cross-border mobility: comparing resettlement experiences of Cambodian and Somali refugees with disabilities - Mirza, Mansha (Disability & Society, 2011)
This paper explores disabled people’s access to cross-border mobility within the context of refugee resettlement. The research presented in this paper stems from an ethnographic study involving in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observations with 15 disabled Somali and Cambodian refugees resettled in the United States. The study combined ethnographic data with information obtained from key experts and interpretive analysis of refugee resettlement policies and guidelines. The findings revealed some shifts within refugee resettlement policies, both domestically within the United States and internationally within the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR). Corresponding to these policy shifts, the two refugee groups in the study reported disparate resettlement experiences. While the Cambodian participants reported delays and complications with getting approved for resettlement, the Somali participants described a smooth and streamlined resettlement process. The implications of these findings are discussed within the larger scheme of cross-border mobility for people with disabilities.
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THE STATUS OF LIBRARIES IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN ZAMBIA - Mulauzi, Felesia; Walusiku, Likukela; Wamundila, Sitali; Chisunka-Mwila, Chitundu P. (2011)
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Contribution Of School Lunch to Dietary Diversity and Adequacy Of Nutrients among Primary School Children during Ramadhan In Kisauni District, Kenya - Musyoka, FM (2011)
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Re-entry to School after Giving Birth: An Evaluation of the Process used to Design and Implement Policy in Zambia - Mwansa, Audrey (2011)
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Effects of Parental Involvement in Pupils Performance Nakifuma Zone Mukono District Uganda - Nankya, Susan (2011)
A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Award of Bachelor of Education Degree of Kampala International University
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Key copyright issues in African distance education: a South African case study - Ncube, Caroline B. (Distance Education, 2011)
This report draws primarily on the results of the recently concluded African Copyright and Access to Knowledge (ACA2K) Project (see http://www.aca2k.org/), which investigated copyright and access t...
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An investigation of ionospheric disturbances over South Africa during the magnetic storm on 15 May 2005 - Ngwira, Chigomezyo M.; McKinnell, Lee-Anne; Cilliers, Pierre J.; Yizengaw, E.; Opperman, Ben (2011)
The effects of the 15 May 2005 severe geomagnetic storm on the South African ionosphere are studied using ground-based and satellite observations. Ionospheric disturbances have less frequently been investigated over mid-latitude regions. Recently, a number of studies investigated their evolution and generation over these regions. This paper reports on the first investigation of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) over mid-latitude South Africa. Using Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived total electron content (TEC) variations from the South African network of dual frequency GPS receivers, we were able to examine the effects of the disturbance on the quiet-time TEC. Two TEC enhancements were observed at low- and mid-latitudes: the first observed between 30-45°S geomagnetic latitudes associated with equatorward neutral winds and the passage of a TID, and the second TEC enhancement associated with a second TID. In addition, the F-region critical frequency (foF2) values observed at two ionosonde stations show that the ionospheric response as seen by ionosondes was different from that of the TEC response during the disturbance period. The dissimilarity between the TEC and the foF2 suggests that two competing drivers existed, i.e., the westward electric field and equatorward neutral wind effects.
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Adaptive Learning of an International Non-governmental Organization in the Process of Development Projects for Internally Displaced Persons in Sudan - Nour, Osama Abu Zied Nogid El; Sugiman, Toshio (2011)
The present thesis investigated, using intensive fieldwork, three projects that were implemented by an international non-governmental organization (NGO) named the International Rescue Committee (IRC) to promote personal and social development for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Khartoum State, Sudan. The projects pioneered in the country where almost all projects by NGOs had been extended for emergency relief and rehabilitation, not for long-term development. In the first project named the Capacity Building and Organizational Capacity Assessment Project, the IRC provided workshops in which staff of national NGOs, i.e., Sudanese NGOs, participated to improve their capacities that were required to extend better services to IDPs. In the second project, named the FAIR project, the IRC focused on university graduates among IDPs and trained them to be leaders who were expected to perform educational functions in capacity building, peace building, and gender awareness in IDP communities. In the third project, named the Sudanese Youth Peace Building Initiative, the IRC attempted to transform the culture of w ar into a culture of peace by providing training sessions in which young people, including IDPs, participated to learn how problems, in politics or in everyday life, could be solved in a collaborative, not antagonistic, way. Analyzing each project from the viewpoints of adapting learning, we suggested that the IRC evolved to better the IDPs’ life, a practical necessity. The path of evolution was demonstrated by an increase of participation of IDPs in the implementation process of a project. Evolution was also observed in the way in which the IRC expanded their scope of view to reach a point where long-term and large-scale cultural transformations could be pursued in the third project. It w as expected (and hoped) that this collaborative relationship, grown among international NGOs, national NGOs, IDPs, and, Sudanese people, might change distrust into trust between international NGOs and the Sudanese
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Perception of the employees of Kenya power and lighting company ltd on the effectiveness of training and development programmes - Odhiambo, Caroline A (2011)
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Teachers’ Utilization in Ondo State Public Secondary Schools, Nigeria: Some Planning Implications - Olatoun, Akinsolu Abiodun (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
The study examined teacher's utilization in Ondo State Public Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) in Nigeria with particular reference to Ondo State from 2006/07 to 2009/2010 academic session with a view to appraising whether all these secondary schools teaching personnel were effectively utilized in their respective schools. The research design was a descriptive survey of ex post facto study. From the existing six states in the south western part of Nigeria, Ondo state was purposively sampled while proportional sampling method was used to select 136 public secondary schools. A researcher designed and validated instrument tagged 'Teachers' Utilization Questionnaire in Public Junior Secondary Schools in Ondo State (TUQPJSS) was used to collect relevant data. Test - retest method was used to obtain the reliability of the instrument and the coefficient reliability of 0.81 was obtained. Three research questions and one hypothesis were raised to guide the study. Finding revealed yearly average full time equivalent teacher pupil ratio of 1:72 as well as significant difference in teacher utilization rate in urban centre compared with their counterpart in the rural centres as at the period of study. Based on the finding, it was recommended that more teachers should be employed and evenly distributed to make teachers' utilization more effective in the state public secondary schools. Some planning implications were stressed in the paper.
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Indecent dressing on campuses of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria : implications for counseling - Omede, Jacob (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
This paper looked at indecent dressing, a dress pattern that is common among students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria particularly, the female ones by examining the various forms that these dresses appear, reasons why these students dress indecently such as poor parenting, peer pressure, wrong use of the Internet, fading values as well as demonic influence among others. The negative consequences of dressing indecently were identified to include rape, prostitution, HIV/AIDS and other venereal disease infection as well as armed robbery, lying and poor school grades. Recommendations put forward included that parents be good moral exemplars to their children, give them attention and regulate the films they watch at homes, the mass media must promote good moral values, religious leaders must preach against, counsel and deliver those under demonic influence, as well as the introduction of college or university uniforms for students.
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Participatory planning for project sustainability of environmental education projects: a case study of the Secondary Teacher Training Environmental Education Project (St^2eep) in Zimbabwe - Ongevalle, Jan Van; Petegem, Peter Van; Deprez, Steff; Chimbodza, Iris Jane‐Mary (Environmental Education Research, 2011)
Within the first year of the Secondary Teacher Training Environmental Education Project (St2eep) in Zimbabwe, project stakeholders, including lecturers, college administrators, local project coordinators, and donor representatives, expressed concern about the non‐sustainability of the project due to its over‐reliance on its international donor. In response to this challenge, a process of critical self‐reflection through self‐assessment workshops was started to give an opportunity for key project stakeholders to explore the challenge of project sustainability. Applying the principles of expansive learning theory to St2eep’s reflection processes, this paper shows how the contradictions that emerge from the interaction between different project stakeholders can be powerful sources for learning. This has resulted in new forms of activity to address the challenge of project sustainability in St2eep. The insights of this paper may be useful for other donor‐funded environmental education projects that are confronted with the challenge of project sustainability.
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Tsunami deposits in Santiago Island (Cape Verde archipelago) as possible evidence of a massive flank failure of Fogos volcano - Paris, Raphaël; Giachetti, Thomas; Chevalier, Joël; Guillou, Hervé; Frank, Norbert (Sedimentary Geology, 2011)
Massive flank failures of volcanic edifices generate tsunami waves. These low-frequency but high magnitude hazards remain poorly documented because of the scarcity of observations. Offshore deposits are studied only by geophysical surveys and the failure rheologies are poorly constrained. Marine conglomerates found at unusually high elevations in Hawaii and in the Canary Islands were previously interpreted as being the result of giant tsunami waves generated by massive flank failures. This study focuses on the search for, and interpretation of, sedimentary evidence of a tsunami around the coastline of Santiago Island, which is located 55 km east of the active Fogo volcano. The Bordeira caldera in Fogo Island, which opens to the east, was formed by the Monte Amarelo flank collapse, and the active edifice is now nested in the failure's scar. The only evidence of a tsunami was found north of Tarrafal Bay. The deposits display many similarities with the tsunami conglomerate described in Hawaii and the Canary Islands: erosive contact with the substratum; rip-up clasts of paleo-soil; marine bioclasts never found in growth or live position; internal organisation into different facies with distinct characteristics of clast-size (up to boulders), sorting (from moderately to very poorly sorted) and clast-fabrics (landward or seaward orientations). This organisation suggests that the tsunami consisted of two main waves. The absence of tsunami deposits elsewhere on Santiago Island, coupled with the relatively low elevation of the conglomerate in Tarrafal (< 15 m), indicate retrogressive failures, rather than a single massive failure. The marine fauna in the tsunami conglomerate is not typical of warm fauna such as the Senegalese fauna (interglacial stages). The age of the tsunami is bracketed by the ages of a coral branch in the conglomerate (123.6 ± 3.9 ka U–Th age) and a post-collapse lava along the Bordeira caldera in Fogo (86 ± 3 ka K–Ar age).
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Social factors and dropout in selected public primary schools in Kisumu municipality Kenya - Percy, A. W. (2011)
A Thesis presented to the School of Post graduate Studies and Research Kampala International University Kampala Uganda in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Master of Educational Management and Administration
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Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Risk Factors for Impaired Development of African American Infants in an Underserved Urban Population: A Population-Based Study - Perenyi, Agnes; Katz, Joanne; Sklar, Tzipporah; Flom, Peter L. (Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 2011)
We aimed 1) to define risk factors for adverse outcome in urban African American patients, 2) to determine whether clinical variables as risk factors are congruent with previously published data, and 3) to identify the proportion of infants with different outcomes. The study included African American infants who were born and participated in neurodevelopmental follow-up. Infants with gestational age range of 23 to 41 weeks, and birth weight (BW) range of 495 to 3,965 g were classified by developmental outcome. Among the smallest infants, BW, gestational age, gender and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly (p<.05) associated with adverse outcome. No significant risk factors were identified for adverse outcome in the two other birth weight categories. Adverse outcomes were seen more frequently in infants with BW ≤1,500 g than in larger infants. The number of infants with severe outcome was found higher than previously reported and may be related to different racial/generational origin.
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School management on academic performance of public secondary schools in Rangwe division Homa-bay County, Kenya - Rabilo, Otieno; Alfred (2011)
A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science with Education of Kampala International University
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Promoting distance education in higher education in Cape Verde and Mozambique - Ramos, Fernando; Tajú, Gulamo; Canuto, Louisette (Distance Education, 2011)
Over the past six years, the authors have been project leaders for three distance education initiatives in Cape Verde and Mozambique:•a blended learning master’s degree in multimedia in education for faculty in Cape Verdean public higher education institutions (2005–2008)•a teacher training programme for 1375 elementary teachers provided through distance education in Cape Verde (2006–2008)•a blended-learning multimedia in education doctoral programme for staff, at the Centre for Distance Education, University Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique (2008–11). This article describes the background to these projects, solutions adopted to meet the specific needs, capabilities, and constraints of the participants and institutions, and difficulties encountered. The project leaders reflect upon their experiences and the main lessons learned, while drawing conclusions that may be relevant to other higher education institutions in Africa and other developing countries embarking on planning and implementing distance education programmes and support units.
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The power of information in public services: Evidence from education in Uganda - Reinikka, Ritva; Svensson, Jakob (Journal of Public Economics, 2011)
In this paper we argue that innovations in governance of social services are an effective way to improve outcomes such as attainment of universal primary education. To test this hypothesis we exploit an unusual policy experiment: a newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing the capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with systematic information to monitor local officials' handling of a large education grant program. Combining survey and administrative data, we show that public access to information can be a powerful deterrent to the capture of funds at the local level and that the reduction in the capture of funds that resulted had a positive effect on school enrollment and learning outcomes.
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Challenging assumptions: Mobile Learning for Mathematics Project in South Africa - Roberts, Nicky; Vänskä, Riitta (Distance Education, 2011)
This article introduces the Nokia Mobile Learning for Mathematics Project in South Africa, which made use of mobile technology to support mathematics learning at 30 public secondary schools. It draws on the evaluation of this project from January to June 2010. The article discusses learner access to mobile devices, learner and teacher uptake and use of the service, the relationship between learner and teacher use, and the impact on learner results in mathematics. The article outlines the assumptions made by project participants about the uptake and use of such a service, which were not substantiated by the evaluation findings.
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The impact of future climate change on West African crop yields: What does the recent literature say? - Roudier, Philippe; Sultan, Benjamin; Quirion, Philippe; Berg, Alexis (Global Environmental Change, 2011)
In West Africa, agriculture, mainly rainfed, is a major economic sector and the one most vulnerable to climate change. A meta-database of future crop yields, built up from 16 recent studies, is used to provide an overall assessment of the potential impact of climate change on yields, and to analyze sources of uncertainty. Despite a large dispersion of yield changes ranging from −50% to +90%, the median is a yield loss near −11%. This negative impact is assessed by both empirical and process-based crop models whereas the Ricardian approach gives very contrasted results, even within a single study. The predicted impact is larger in northern West Africa (Sudano-Sahelian countries, −18% median response) than in southern West Africa (Guinean countries, −13%) which is likely due to drier and warmer projections in the northern part of West Africa. Moreover, negative impacts on crop productivity increase in severity as warming intensifies, with a median yield loss near −15% with most intense warming, highlighting the importance of global warming mitigation. The consistently negative impact of climate change results mainly from the temperature whose increase projected by climate models is much larger relative to precipitation change. However, rainfall changes, still uncertain in climate projections, have the potential to exacerbate or mitigate this impact depending on whether rainfall decreases or increases. Finally, results highlight the pivotal role that the carbon fertilization effect may have on the sign and amplitude of change in crop yields. This effect is particularly strong for a high carbon dioxide concentration scenario and for C3 crops (e.g. soybean, cassava). As staple crops are mainly C4 (e.g. maize, millet, sorghum) in WA, this positive effect is less significant for the region.
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Tradition, globalisation and language dilemma in education: African options for the 21st century - Rwantabagu, Hermenegilde (International Review of Education, 2011)
openalex: W2018234273 mag: 2018234273
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CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE WESTERN CAPE OF SOUTH AFRICA: TRENDS, PROJECTIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILL UNIT ACCUMULATION - S.J.E., Midgley; Lötze, E. (Acta horticulturae, 2011)
The Western Cape region of South Africa, a major producer of deciduous fruit, has been identified as highly vulnerable to climate change. Climatic trends were analysed on a monthly basis for 12 rural meteorological stations across the region for the period 1967 to 2007. Significant warming trends were found for midto late-summer and end-winter to spring for daily minimum temperature (Tmin), and for mid-summer, autumn and spring for daily maximum temperature (Tmax). Chill unit accumulation has decreased significantly, particularly in autumn. Air temperatures are predicted to increase by a further 1-2°C within the next 30 years, together with decreasing rainfall especially in autumn/winter. An analysis of possible impacts of regional projections of climate change on deciduous fruit production was conducted, with the emphasis on chilling accumulation and dormancy in apples. The warmer or otherwise more marginal production areas, and high chill cultivars are likely to be the first to experience negative impacts of warming. INTRODUCTION Global climate change is occurring as evidenced by warming of average air and ocean temperatures, melting of snow and ice, and rising sea level (IPCC, 2007). Mediterranean-climate regions worldwide have been identified as highly vulnerable to climate change (Baldocchi and Wong, 2006), including the Western Cape region of South Africa (Midgley et al., 2005). Climate projections for fruit regions for 2030-2040 include warming by 1-2°C, reductions in frontal autumn and winter rainfall, and a contraction of the winter season (Hewitson et al., 2005). Apples are generally grown under conditions of insufficient winter chilling; this necessitates the use of chemical rest-breaking treatments to achieve satisfactory budburst, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality (Cook and Jacobs, 2000). In the event of climate warming, we expect that accumulation of chill hours will decrease, eventually reaching a critical threshold at which apple production would no longer be commercially sustainable in currently marginal areas. However, the rate of decline in chill hours could vary intra-seasonally, with different phenological results, and between colder and warmer production areas. We set out to analyze recent historical regional-scale changes in temperature and chill accumulation, predicted reductions in chill accumulation with future warming, and implications for fruit production, particularly apples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recent Historical Temperature and Chill Unit Trends in the Western Cape Quality-controlled data for twelve meteorological stations throughout the Western Cape of South Africa (Fig. 1) were obtained from the division AgroMet of the Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa, for the period 1967-2007. The stations are spread throughout the climatically divergent fruit-growing regions. Daily minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) air temperatures, and monthly means of Tmin and Tmax were used. Langkloof Experimental Farm was excluded due to closure in Proc. IX IS on Orchard Systems
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Collaborative design and use of open educational resources: a case study of a mathematics teacher education project in South Africa - Sapire, Ingrid; Reed, Yvonne (Distance Education, 2011)
In South Africa, poor performance of learners in mathematics across the school system is a problem demanding new solutions. One possible solution is to try to raise standards through the use of open educational resources (OER). This article presents and discusses findings from a case study of a collaborative OER development project initiated by the South African Institute of Distance Education (SAIDE). In this project mathematics teacher educators from nine tertiary institutions worked collaboratively in designing OER for mathematics teacher education courses and use in a variety of other contexts. The study investigated whether the collaborative redesigning of existing materials can enhance quality while containing time and resource costs and whether such collaboration encourages buy-in to the use of OER by teacher educators and students. It concludes by offering some suggestions on OER development for policy-makers, practitioners, and researchers in the field of distance education.
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Inequality of Access to Resources in Previously Disadvantaged South African High Schools - Sedibe, Mabatho (Journal of Social Sciences, 2011)
The new South African constitution adopted following the inception of the new democracy in 1994, states that everyone has the right to a basic education. Also, the South African Schools Act (SASA of 1996) states that schools must admit all learners without discrimination. However, equality of access to education is still problematic and has remained a major problem and a challenge in South African schools. That is the reason why in this paper issues with reference to equal access to education will be explored. This is evidenced by debates from the literature stated in the proceeding sections. Schools still face problems with regard to access to resources such as Learner-Teacher-Support-Materials (LTSM) and classrooms. Grade twelve (final year of high school) learners and their teachers from three high schools in the north-west province were interviewed to examine the availability and equality of access to resources. The information obtained could assist the government and relevant stakeholders review the present situation in schools and make changes to existing policies where possible. The findings showed that there is still no equality in access to resources in previously disadvantaged high schools and that this is an educational major problem. Recommendations are made about possible ways of addressing this problem. Conclusions drawn from the review indicate that inequality to access has serious implications to the quality of education in disadvantaged schools.
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Institutional theory and the policy problem of vocational education and training and its development : the Egyptian case - Soliman, Salma (2011)
This thesis extends analysis of the policy problem of Egyptian Vocational Education and Training (VET) beyond the current supply/demand mismatch perspective and into a broader institutional analytic framework. It critically deploys concepts from Whitley‘s institutional framework (1999) and Wood and Frynas‘ (2006) Segmented Business Systems (SBS) archetype to the problem, complementing them with historical and political dimensions. These illustrate the continuities and discontinuities in key institutional features and relationships influencing VET since the military coup in the 1950s and through subsequent paradigm shifts. The institutional analysis illustrates that VET is embedded in a set of incoherent institutional arrangements that have constrained systemic development. Further, they have not supported development towards Western models suggested by international organisations. These have had limited effect. A key institutional relationship for VET; state-employer-union cooperation, is currently being developed by the ILO through its Social Dialogue Project (ILO SDP). This could, if effectively realised, enhance institutional actors‘ participation in VET and hence its effectiveness. This proposition is examined through empirical investigation of institutional actors‘ (i) mutual perceptions of state-employer-union cooperation and contributions to VET; and (ii) their perceptions of the ILO SDP and the ways in which it has influenced VET. These responses are verified on an enterprise level through two cases in the tourism sector. The investigation took place in three phases from July 2008 to April 2010 in Egypt, Switzerland and the UK, through triangulated data collection: documentation, 60 interviews, 2 focus groups and observation. The findings have theoretical and practical implications. On a theoretical level, the proposition that Egypt largely corresponds to the SBS archetype is confirmed. Suggestions for modifying Whitley‘s institutional framework include (i) a better integration of historical and political dimensions; and (ii) the inclusion of international organisations as a key institutional influence on state relations with social actors in developing countries. Practical conclusions confirm the ineffective levels of state-employer-union cooperation and contributions to VET. ILO attempts to develop these relationships through social dialogue were perceived to be largely ineffective by institutional actors. The ILO SDP has been constrained by institutional incoherencies which are difficult to change in the short- to medium term. Some positive experiences of effective state-employer-union cooperation and employer-employee interdependence were reported on regional and enterprise levels. These could possibly be expanded on by the ILO SDP as a bottom-up approach to enhancing social dialogue. Finally, the 2011 events could offer new institutional opportunities for enhanced representation of social actors in socio-economic matters which could possibly lead to their effective cooperation in VET and its development; an area which could be pursued in future research.
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P2-522 Soil transmitted helminth infections in preschool and school aged children in Ekiti and Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria - Sowemimo, Oluyomi A.; Asaolu, S. O. (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2011)
Introduction Soil transmitted helminths are among the neglected tropical diseases prevalent in developing countries, and children are the most vulnerable. The objective of the cross—sectional study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil—transmitted helminths (STHs) in preschool and school aged children in Ile-Ife and Ekiti. Methods Faecal samples (511) were collected between May and July 2010 and processed using modified Kato - katz technique. Results The overall prevalence of STH infection was 29.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides (28.4%) was the most prevalent, and were observed; 136 (26.6%) either alone or together with Trichuris trichiura and/or hookworm infections. Prevalences of A lumbricoides ranged from 6.7% to 47.5%, T trichiura from 1.3 to 4.9% and hookworms from 0.5 to 4.9% in the four schools. The prevalences of A lumbricoides, T trichiura and hookworms were 28.4, 3.1 and 1.8% respectively. Intensity determined by egg count per gram of faeces (epg) ± SEM were 939.84 ± 122.62 for A lumbricoides, 0.03 ± 0.01 for T trichiura and 0.02 ± 0.01 for hookworm. There was no significant difference between sex and prevalence of A lumbricoides. The prevalence of A lumbricoides rose from 8.1% in children aged 2–3 years and reached the peak (75.0%) in children 12 years and above. Conclusion The findings from this study showed that STH infections are endemic in the schools investigated and urgent interventions involving both preschool and school children such as deworming and health education are recommended.
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The prevalence of renal impairment among adults with early HIV disease in Blantyre, Malawi - Struik, Gerson M.; Exter, R.D. den; Munthali, C.; Chipeta, D; Oosterhout, Joep J. G. van; Nouwen, Jan L.; Allain, Theresa J. (International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2011)
We determined the prevalence of renal impairment and possible HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) in adults with World Health Organization (WHO) stages I or II HIV, presenting to the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic in a central hospital in Malawi. We enrolled 526 ART-naïve subjects, 67% women, median age 34 (17-73) years and mean CD4 count 305 (3-993) cells/μL. Blood pressure, weight, urine dipstick and microscopy, CD4 cell count and serum creatinine were measured. Creatinine clearance (CrCL) was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Possible HIVAN was diagnosed based on levels of proteinuria and CrCl. In all, 23.3% had proteinuria (≥ 1+). 57.4% had reduced CrCl (< 90 mL/minute): 18.8% had moderate (CrCl 30-59 mL/minute) and 2.2% severe (CrCl <30 mL/minute) renal dysfunction. Extrapolating from renal biopsy studies that confirmed HIVAN, the proportion of patients with HIVAN in our clinic ranges from 1.8-21.2%. We conclude that renal impairment was common, though rarely severe, among HIV-infected adults with clinically non-advanced HIV disease. Renal dysfunction has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for (early) mortality. These results are relevant for ART programmes, such as those in Malawi, where renal function is not routinely assessed.
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TESSA secondary science: addressing the challenges facing science teacher-education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Stutchbury, Kris; Katabaro, Joviter (2011)
In recent years, access to primary education in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) has improved. This is creating considerable pressure at secondary level where there is a shortage of school places and teachers. Furthermore, students’ educational outcomes are poor and not, therefore, contributing to human capability development as much as they could. TESSA Secondary Science, funded by The Waterloo Foundation, is a collaborative project, co-ordinated by The Open University with partners in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, designed to support the pre-service education of secondary science teachers. This paper describes the project and identifies the key issues for implementation. We report on the pedagogical themes identified by the group and demonstrate how these will be exemplified in specific scientific contexts. We will be building on the learning from TESSA and will argue that, whilst significant challenges lie ahead, the approach that we have adopted has the potential to make a real contribution to the problems facing secondary teacher educators in science.
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Turning the tide: a socio-critical model and framework for improving student success in open distance learning at the University of South Africa - Subotzky, George; Prinsloo, Paul (Distance Education, 2011)
The article presents a socio-critical model and framework for understanding, predicting, and enhancing student success developed at the University of South Africa. An extensive literature review indicated that predominant models from international contact institutions were of partial application in this context. Integrating socio-critical, anthropological, and cultural theoretical perspectives, the model applies the key constructs of situated agency, capital, habitus, attribution, locus of control, and self-efficacy to both students and institutions in understanding success at each step of the student’s journey. The model and framework, to be implemented incrementally during 2011, provide useful pointers for open distance learning and other institutions in pursuing greater student success.
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Comparative Essay on Returns to Education in Palestine and Turkey - Tansel, Aysıt; Daoud, Yousef (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
openalex: W4301773026
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P2-482 Evaluating a school based RCT to reduce gender-based violence among high school students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (SA) - Taylor, Marliss; Jinabhai, C C; Dlamini, Sarah; Sathiparsad, Reshma; Meyer-Weitz, Anna; Eggers, Matthew; Vries, H de (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2011)
Gender-based violence is a public health problem in South Africa associated with increased risk of HIV infection. KwaZulu-Natal is the epicentre of the HIV epidemic in South Africa with youth of 15–24 years at high risk of infection. A school based RCT aimed to develop, implement and evaluate an intervention to reduce gender-based violence, defined as verbal (belittling), physical (hitting) and sexual (forced sex) abuse, among grade 9 students. Schools (16) were randomly selected in two Districts and trained facilitators implemented a 16 module classroom-based intervention based on prior elicitation research, in 8 experimental schools. Students completed a self-reporting questionnaire at T1 and 8 months later at T2. Of 764 students, 46.7% male, both sexes reported perpetrating violence and being abused verbally, physically and sexually. Although there was a reduction in verbal abuse (belittling boy/girlfriend) and physical abuse (hitting boy/girlfriend) after the intervention programme, a reduction in hitting was reported only by female students (β coefficient 0.16, p=0.025, 95% CI−0.047 to 0.688). The study found that students who had attended the school-based intervention programme were three times less likely than the control group to report being forced to have sex (p=0.046, OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.53). These findings of a reduction in gender-based violence among students exposed to the intervention indicates that such a programme is useful for universal prevention efforts, but also highlights the importance of more focused attention on male students. In addition to school-based programmes there is a need for support at community level to reinforce school-based initiatives.
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Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa: A Review of Channels and Interactions - Teal, Francis (Journal of African Economies, 2011)
Journal Article Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa: A Review of Channels and Interactions Get access Francis Teal Francis Teal * Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK *Corresponding author: Francis Teal. E-mail: francis.teal@economics.ox.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of African Economies, Volume 20, Issue suppl_3, August 2011, Pages iii50–iii79, https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejr019 Published: 01 August 2011
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The Status of Private Provision of Higher Education in Ethiopia - Tizazu, Getnet; Tamrat, Wondwosen (2011)
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Strategies for Preventing Disproportionate Exclusions of African American Students - Tobin, Tary J.; Vincent, Claudia G. (Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 2011)
The authors studied changes in disproportionate exclusion of African American students, compared with their White peers, in relation to implementation of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support using data from 46 schools. They measured (a) exclusion through suspension and expulsion data collected with the Schoolwide Information System; (b) Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support implementation through the Effective Behavior Support Survey completed by staff members; and (c) disproportionality with the relative rate index. Standard linear multiple regression analyses with the relative rate index as the outcome variable and Effective Behavior Support Survey items as predictors indicated specific Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support strategies, such as praise and positive reinforcement, were associated with reductions in disproportionate exclusions. Follow-up analyses with a subsample of eight schools that increased their Effective Behavior Support average score while decreasing their relative rate index identified additional strategies that hold promise for reducing disproportionate exclusion of African American students.
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Planning and costing agricultural adaptation to climate change in the pastoral livestock system of Tanzania - Tumbo, Siza D.; Mutabazi, K. J.; Kimambo, A.E.; Rwehumbiza, F. B. R. (2011)
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Missionary education in West Africa: a study of pedagogical ambition - Ustorf, Werner (Journal of Beliefs & Values: studies in religion and education, 2011)
The history of the North German Mission Society (established 1836 in Hamburg) and its activity on the West African coast (from 1847 onwards among the Ewe, in what is now Ghana and Togo where it was and still is known as the ‘Bremen Mission’) mirrors neatly the various phases of the idea of ‘mission’: its composite motivation (Enlightenment, humanism and Pietism); the rejection of a narrow denominationalism (though the management of the mission was from 1850 onwards in the hands of the society’s Bremen branch which belonged to the Reformed tradition); the entanglement of mission and overseas trade; the ambivalent attitude towards imperialism; the shaping of the missionary process as a profoundly educational one; the growing independence of the African church when the German missionaries were imprisoned (World War I) and prevented from returning to their posts (one of the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles); the mission’s eventual loss of usefulness to the African church after 1945, its attempt at re-inventing itself as an agency for development and inter-church aid; and, finally, the Pentecostal rebellion of African Christians (church schisms) against the new theological orthodoxy of inculturation and Africanisation. The focus of the present article is on only one of the facets of this complex narrative – the remarkable attempt of the Bremen Mission actively to transform Africans, through a highly distinctive process of educational intervention, into African Christians. The design of this intervention was drafted by Franz Michael Zahn, the mission’s Director from 1862 to 1900.
openalex: W2004509529 mag: 2004509529
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South–South Comparisons: A Syntegrated Approach to the Teaching of the Arts for Primary School Teacher Preparation in South Africa and Australia - Vermeulen, Dorette; Klopper, Christopher; Niekerk, Caroline van (Arts education policy review, 2011)
In light of the tendency to present the arts in an integrated fashion in many education systems worldwide, this article examines the consequences of integration for discrete art forms. In particular, we investigate the advantages of adopting a syntegrated approach to the facilitation of arts in teacher preparation. A specific comparison between the implementation of arts curricula in South Africa and Australia is made. The disjuncture between policy and practice in arts education that has been reported internationally needs constant monitoring. We conclude that the heart of curriculum transfer and transformation lies in the classroom.
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O1-6.4 Partnership for Cohort Research and Training (PaCT): pilot study, South Africa - Volmink, Jimmy (Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979), 2011)
An epidemic of chronic, non-communicable diseases is growing in Africa. By 2030, according to the WHO, three of the top four causes of death in low-income countries will be heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease. No large scale epidemiologic studies investigating chronic diseases have been conducted in Africa. PaCT, a component of the Global Epidemiology Initiative established at the Harvard School of Public Health, is an ambitious project which will investigate chronic, non-communicable diseases among 500 000 people from four African countries over the next 20 years. This initiative will also provide training opportunities for African researchers. PaCT includes scientists from universities in South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria, as well as Harvard University. Pilot studies are being conducted in all four of these countries. An initial cross-sectional baseline survey, with 6 month longitudinal follow-up was planned. We aimed to recruit 800–1000 school teachers employed at public schools within the CapeTown metropolitan area. After returning a self-administered questionnaire and completed consent forms, teachers were visited at the schools by trained nurses who took physical measurements (weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure) and collected biological (blood and urine) samples. Our presentation will provide a brief overview of PaCT activities in the four African countries involved. It will then focus on practical challenges encountered in the pilot studies and how they were addressed, with special reference to the South African pilot study. These challenges include funding procurement, standardisation of methods across countries, obtaining approval for the study, participant recruitment, data collection and analysis.
openalex: W2057253483 mag: 2057253483
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Using a Self-Advocacy Intervention on African American College Students’ Ability to Request Academic Accommodations - Walker, Allison R.; Test, David W. (Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 2011)
Due to an increase in enrollment of African American students with disabilities in postsecondary education, there is a need to identify strategies that may lead to improved transition and self-advocacy skills for these students. These strategies include teaching students to request academic accommodations and to have an understanding of how their disability affects their academic learning. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth explanation of a self-advocacy strategy that was used to teach three African American male college students how to request their academic accommodations. Results indicated this strategy may be a promising intervention for African American college students with disabilities.
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Religion in education in South Africa : was social justice served? - Walt, Van der; Johannes, L (South African Journal of Education, 2011)
The promulgation of South African policy regarding the place of religion in public education was delayed until 2003, after a lively debate. The National Policy on Religion in Education effectively banned confessional, sectarian religion from public schools, but allowed for the teaching of Religion Studies as an academic subject and for religious observances, on condition that these were offered in a fair and equitable manner. Given the nature of the debate around religion and education in South Africa,1 it can be asked whether the state has served social justice through this Policy. A discussion of human rights, social justice, morality and the role of the state leads to the conclusion that although the state never actually mentioned the philosophical or moral driving forces behind the Policy, it is most likely that it applied tenets of secularism, value-plurality, pragmatic political expediency and modus Vivendi. This was probably the best route for the state to follow considering how, in the past, education suffered from the over-emphasis of divisive factors. Revised policy could arguably take cognisance of how actors on the ground dealt with this conundrum. Keywords: human rights; morality; religion; religion/religious education; religion in education; social justice; South Africa; state
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A review of mercury pollution in South Africa: Current status - Walters, Chavon; Somerset, Vernon; Leaner, Joy; Nel, Jaco (Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2011)
Abstract The present paper is a review on the status of mercury (Hg) as a pollutant in South African aquatic ecosystems. Spatial patterns of Hg distribution and bioaccumulation in water resources were investigated by collecting and analyzing multimedia samples for physiochemical and Hg-species determination from 62 sampling sites. The data presented showed a wide range in concentrations, which was expected given the array of environmental parameters, water chemistry and sources of Hg. Generally, higher Hg concentrations were measured in environmental compartments impacted by the major anthropogenic Hg sources which, in South Africa, are largely represented by emissions from coal-fired power stations (i.e. Olifants and Upper Vaal WMAs) and artisanal gold mining (i.e., Inkomati WMA). Ancillary water quality parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, DOC, EC and nutrients) were measured and regressed with the measured Hg concentrations to determine which environmental parameters most influenced regional Hg concentrations. The TotHg sed and DOC concentrations were identified as important factors controlling TotHg aq , while TotHgsed were correlated to TotHg aq . This result is indicative of the combined effects of sediment settling and resuspension in the aquatic environment. In contrast, MeHg aq was not correlated to DOC. MeHginvert were correlated to MeHg sed , while MeHg fish were correlated to MeHg aq and water quality variables (chlorides - Cl− and electrical conductivity - EC). A steady progress has been made in Hg research in South Africa. However, despite the substantial knowledge about Hg toxicity, there are still considerable knowledge gaps on the fate and transport of Hg. Hence, further environmental and human health studies are proposed. Keywords: Mercurymethylmercuryenvironmental parameterswatersedimentinvertebratesfishSouth Africa Acknowledgments This study was funded by grants from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Parliamentary Grant (PG), Strategic Research Panel (SRP), Water Research Commission (WRC) and National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa. We also thank Prof. Robert Mason and Genevieve Bernier from the University of Connecticut, USA, as well as other field and laboratory personnel.
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Enhancing knowledge retention in higher education: A case of the University of Zambia - Wamundila, Sitali; Ngulube, Patrick (SA Journal of Information Management, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to investigate how knowledge retention may be enhanced at the University of Zambia (UNZA). A quantitative case study design employing a triangulation of data collection methods was used. Data were collected using interviews and questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to determine participants for the interviews whilst stratified random sampling was employed to select the respondents for the questionnaire. The quantitative and qualitative data that was analysed using SPSS® indicates that UNZA lacked certain knowledge retention practices that might enable it to retain operational relevant knowledge. In view of the findings, the study recommends the adoption of a knowledge retention framework that could be embedded in UNZA’s knowledge management policy.
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Ending the drought: New strategies for improving the flow of affordable, effective antivenoms in Asia and Africa - Williams, David J.; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a; Calvete, Juan J.; Wüster, Wolfgang; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi; Paiva, Owen; Brown, Nicholas; Casewell, Nicholas R.; Harrison, Robert A.; Rowley, Paul D.; O’Shea, Mark; Jensen, S.; et al. (Journal of Proteomics, 2011)
The development of snake antivenoms more than a century ago should have heralded effective treatment of the scourge of snakebite envenoming in impoverished, mostly rural populations around the world. That snakebite still exists today, as a widely untreated illness that maims, kills and terrifies men, women and children in vulnerable communities, is a cruel anachronism. Antivenom can be an effective, safe and affordable treatment for snakebites, but apathy, inaction and the politicisation of public health have marginalised both the problem (making snakebite arguably the most neglected of all neglected tropical diseases) and its solution. For lack of any coordinated approach, provision of antivenoms has been pushed off the public health agenda, leading to an incongruous decline in demand for these crucial antidotes, excused and fed by new priorities, an absence of epidemiological data, and a poor regulatory framework. These factors facilitated the infiltration of poor quality products that degrade user confidence and undermine legitimate producers. The result is that tens of thousands are denied an essential life-saving medicine, allowing a toll of human suffering that is a summation of many individual catastrophes. No strategy has been developed to address this problem and to overcome the intransigence and inaction responsible for the global tragedy of snakebite. Attempts to engage with the broader public health community through the World Health Organisation (WHO), GAVI, and other agencies have failed. Consequently, the toxinology community has taken on a leadership role in a new approach, the Global Snakebite Initiative, which seeks to mobilise the resources, skills and experience of scientists and clinicians for whom venoms, toxins, antivenoms, snakes and snakebites are already fields of interest. Proteomics is one such discipline, which has embraced the potential of using venoms in bio-discovery and systems biology. The fields of venomics and antivenomics have recently evolved from this discipline, offering fresh hope for the victims of snakebites by providing an exciting insight into the complexities, nature, fundamental properties and significance of venom constituents. Such a rational approach brings with it the potential to design new immunising mixtures from which to raise potent antivenoms with wider therapeutic ranges. This addresses a major practical limitation in antivenom use recognised since the beginning of the 20th century: the restriction of therapeutic effectiveness to the specific venom immunogen used in production. Antivenomic techniques enable the interactions between venoms and antivenoms to be examined in detail, and if combined with functional assays of specific activity and followed up by clinical trials of effectiveness and safety, can be powerful tools with which to evaluate the suitability of current and new antivenoms for meeting urgent regional needs. We propose two mechanisms through which the Global Snakebite Initiative might seek to end the antivenom drought in Africa and Asia: first by establishing a multidisciplinary, multicentre, international collaboration to evaluate currently available antivenoms against the venoms of medically important snakes from specific nations in Africa and Asia using a combination of proteomic, antivenomic and WHO-endorsed preclinical assessment protocols, to provide a validated evidence base for either recommending or rejecting individual products; and secondly by bringing the power of proteomics to bear on the design of new immunising mixtures to raise Pan-African and Pan-Asian polyvalent antivenoms of improved potency and quality. These products will be subject to rigorous clinical assessment. We propose radically to change the basis upon which antivenoms are produced and supplied for the developing world. Donor funding and strategic public health alliances will be sought to make it possible not only to sustain the financial viability of antivenom production partnerships, but also to ensure that patients are relieved of the costs of antivenom so that poverty is no longer a barrier to the treatment of this important, but grossly neglected public health emergency.
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Supporting induction to the teaching profession for women in Malawi - Wolfenden, Freda (2011)
Gender parity in primary and secondary education has yet to be achieved in many countries in Sub Saharan Africa including Malawi. The presence of female teachers is recognised as one factor positively impacting on girls’ enrolment and learning success but in many rural areas in Malawi there are few qualified female teachers working in primary or secondary schools. This paper contributes to the current debates on how to address this gap in qualified female teacher recruitment and retention in rural areas. We suggest one solution to break the cycle of low female achievement in rural areas is through use of distance education to prepare local women to take on teaching roles within their own communities. In the programme reported here aspiring female teachers are supported to take on the role of ‘learning assistants’ in their local community primary school whilst studying to achieve the qualifications necessary for application to a formal primary teacher training course. Using applications, interviews and workshop data from the early stages of the programme, we explore the backgrounds and motivations of applicants to the programme and implications for the design of this distance learning programme, emerging constraints on the achievement of programme intentions and areas for further study.
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Students' expectations of motivations for studying comparative education: a comparative study across nine countries in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America - Wolhuter, Charl C.; O’Sullivan, Michael; Anderson, Emily; Wood, Laurence (2011)
1 North-West University Potchefstroom Campus Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa 2 University of Limerick, Ireland 3/4 American University of Washington DC, United States of America 5 University of Crete, Greece 6 University of Veliko Tarnova, Bulgaria 7 Enrique Jose Varona University, Cuba 8 University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania 9 University of the Western Cape, South Africa 10 Sultan Qaboos University, Oman 11 Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
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Towards a Framework for Science Education in Ethiopia - Yitbarek, Sileshi (2011)
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Time to go back to the drawing board: organisation of primary school reading development in South Africa - Zimmerman, Lisa; Howie, Sarah J.; Smit, Brigitte (Educational research and evaluation, 2011)
The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 findings highlighted concerns about reading literacy teaching quality in South African primary schools (Howie et al., 2007 Howie, S.J., Venter, E., Van Staden, S., Zimmerman, L., Long, C., Scherman, V. and Archer, E. 2007. Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 summary report. South African children's reading literacy achievement, Pretoria, South Africa: Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria. [Google Scholar]). In response, the national Department of Education (DoE, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2008d) has emphasised instructional practice improvement. However, little emphasis has been placed on the role of school organisation in learners’ reading success or failure. This article presents school organisation findings from a mixed methods study that explored South African Grade 4 teachers’ instruction practices and schooling conditions for reading literacy development. The analysis considered is based on the reclassification of the PIRLS 2006 sample according to class achievement levels on the PIRLS benchmarks and instructional language profiles. Findings from the PIRLS 2006 school questionnaire data are reported together with findings from case studies to illustrate differences and similarities in school organisation for reading literacy across a range of low- and high-performing schools.
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Prevalence, distribution and behavioural determinants of coital activity among High School students in Namibia: A cross-sectional study - Chinsembu, Kazhila C.; Kasanda, Choshi D.; Shimwooshili-Shaimemanya, Cornelia N. (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
Although HIV transmission among Namibian in-school adolescents is mainly heterosexual, previous data on sexual activity are not disaggregated, making it difficult to target interventions. This study conducted a disaggregated analysis of coital activity and explored various factors associated with coital activity among Namibian High School students. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 18 schools located in six education regions. Data were collected from 829 students through a structured questionnaire. Pearson χ2 analysis was used to determine the distribution of coital activity for students from different regions, rural-urban areas, ethnic groups, and gender. Factors associated with coital activity were established by the use of odds ratios and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Overall, 50.2% of the students never had sex before and 29.2% were sexually active. Pearson χ2analysis showed that coital activity was significantly high among students in the Caprivi region, urban areas, Lozi, Herero and Damara-Nama ethnic groups, and male gender. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the only significant factors positively associated with coital activity were Herero ethnicity, male gender, testing for HIV, thinking one could not get HIV if they were faithful to a single sexual partner, having a boyfriend of girlfriend, and drinking beer. These disaggregated results will help design targeted HIV/AIDS preventive programmes for High School students in Namibia. This can be done by targeting messages that reduce students’ coital activity by way of altering personal, peer, and social behaviours. Key words: Prevalence, distribution, determinants, coital activity, students.
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Strategies for global reforms in business teacher education towards self-reliance in Nigeria - Chris, Chukwurah C. (Vocational and Technical Education, 2011)
Nigeria as a country had advocated for the type of education that would enhance the needed self-reliance for the learners and the society. Reforming business education programme would help in achieving the much desired self-reliance in Nigeria. This paper examined the conceptual issues of Business Teacher Education such Issues are: quality of candidates for business teachers training programme, training facilities, funding, quality of lecturers and relevance of business teacher education curriculum to the needs of the society. The paper made case for strategies for global reforms that will reinvigorate business teacher education programme towards attaining self-reliance in Nigeria. Key words: Strategies, global reforms, business teacher education, curriculum, self-reliance.
openalex: W2108891500 mag: 2108891500
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Lateness: A major problem confronting school administrators in Delta State, Nigeria - Dafiaghor; Famous, Kose (International NGO Journal, 2011)
This paper is a review on lateness in public schools, which has posed a major problem to school administrators in Delta State, Nigeria, especially at the primary and secondary school levels. The author delimited his focus on students, staff and supporting staff in the school system. The salient point is that lateness to schools plagues school administrators, bringing about inefficiencies at work by way of administration. Therefore, this paper highlights the meaning, causes and effects of lateness to schools as related to the school administrator in Delta State, Nigeria. The study also highlighted various remedies to the sordid situation. This review will therefore help school administrators alleviate lateness, a hydra-headed monster plaguing schools in Delta State, Nigeria, and as such bring about easy administration of schools in the region. Key words: Censorship, information resources, information explosion, information overload, library, library materials, library resources, education, Nigeria.
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGINEERING DESIGN TEACHING MATERIAL BASED ON KENYAN ROBOT CONTEST - Hasegawa, Tasuku; Ohba, Katsuhisa (Journal of the Japan Association for College of Technology, 2011)
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Correlate of Resource Utilization and Students’ Learning Outcome in Colleges of Education in South West Nigeria - Ibukun, Williams Olusola; Akinfolarin, Comfort Ayandoja; Alimi, Olatunji Sabitu (International education studies, 2011)
This study investigated resource utilisation in vocational and technical education as a correlate of student learning outcome in selected colleges of education in south west Nigeria.The study examined the relationship between time, space and physical resource utilisation and perceived student learning outcome.The study used the descriptive research design of the survey type.The sample for the study was 687 students.Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample.Student questionnaire on correlate of resource utilisation and perceive student learning outcome was the instrument used to collect data for the study.The data collected were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regressions.All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.The study reveals that most of the physical resources were well utilised.Time for various activities in vocational and technical education were well utilised except in extra curricular activities and students forum.The perceived students learning outcome was high.There was a significant relationship between resource utilisation and perceived students learning outcome.Time, space and physical resource utilisation were significantly related to perceived students learning outcome.Recommendations were made based on the findings.
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Teachers accountability in Nigerian education system: Perceptions of teachers and administrators in Delta State - Nakpodia, E. D.; Okiemute, A. R. (International NGO Journal, 2011)
This study attempts to ascertain teacher’s accountability in Nigerian educational system as perceived by teachers and administrator. Three hundred and forty three teachers from secondary schools in Delta State participated in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used for their selection. The teachers and principals responded to the questionnaire titled “Accountability in Nigerian Educational System Perception Questionnaire” (ANESPQ) to give their views based on the research questions. The items on the questionnaire were rated with a four point Likert type scale to elicit their responses. Percentages were used to analyze the research questions. The major findings of the study were no significant differences existed between the perceptions of the student administrators and teacher’s accountability. To enhance accountability in the system, all hands should be on deck. The operatives in the educational industry both on macro and micro levels should contribute immensely in the implementation of effective accountability in Nigeria educational system. Key words: Teacher accountability, educational system, perceptions, teachers and principals, Nigeria.
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Resource Availability and Distribution in Public and Private Special Education Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria - Ntukidem, Peter James; Ntukidem, Eno Peter; Eyo, Eno Etudor (International Education Studies, 2011)
This study investigated the availability and distribution of staff and facilities/equipment in private and public special needs schools in Cross River State.Sixty-nine (69) teachers and three (3) principals of these schools constituted the sample size of the study.One hypothesis and one research question were postulated to guide the study.The instrument used for data collection was Document Survey for Special Needs Persons Questionnaire (DSSNPQ).The data was analyzed using frequency counts and chi square statistical analysis.The findings revealed that there was no significant difference between the distribution of teaching staff in public and private schools, more facilities/equipment were available in private schools than in public schools.It is therefore recommended that the private sectors, non-governmental organizations and industrial organizations be involved in providing for the needs of exceptional individuals both in public and private schools.
openalex: W1979720620 mag: 1979720620
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Open wells, sanitary features, pollutions and water qualities: case study of Ibadan slums, Nigeria - Ochieng, George M.; Ojo, Olumuyiwa Idowu; Ogedengbe, K.; Ndambuki, Julius M. (2011)
The study was carried out to assess the well waters, their sanitary features, prevailing pollutions and water qualities in some communities in the South- east Local Government Area of Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. A random selection of houses in the area with forty shallow hand dug wells grouped into eight zones was considered. Structured questionnaires and oral interviews were used to gather information and data apart from physical inspection. Sanitary features of the well considered were lining, apron, cover and water drawing buckets. Well water sampling and quality tests were done during the dry season and parameters such as total solids, suspended solids, total hardness and coli form count were determined, using various laboratory methods. Findings showed that most of the wells are grossly polluted by unsanitary practices such as unsanitary maintenance of wells and their features, proximity to potential pollution sources such as pit latrines, indiscriminate dumping of refuse and poor sanitation. These communities are therefore prone to health risks, because of their dependence on these sources, thus there is need for improvement and in some cases reconstruction of the wells and well waters treatment. Key words: Well waters, features, pollution, Ibadan slum.
openalex: W2112092047 mag: 2112092047
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Effects of cognitive restructuring and communication skills training on conflict resolution among Nigerian couples - Okwun, Christopher Kalu (International Journal of Peace and Development Studies, 2011)
The study investigated “Effects of cognitive restructuring skills training (CRT) and communication skills training (CST) on conflict resolution among Nigerian couples. Two behavioural techniques, CRT and CST, and a combination of the two techniques were used on conflicting subjects who had marital problems in Aba metropolitan city of Abia State, Nigeria. The study employed a 4 × 2 factorial design with treatment strategies on the rows and gender (male and female) on the columns. A sample of 48 subjects, with marital conflicts, were randomly assigned to, CRT, CST and a combination of both techniques (CRT/CST) and the control groups. Each treatment group comprised twelve subjects, six of which were assigned to each of the genders (male and female).The measuring instrument:- marital happiness scale (MHS), irrational value scale (IVS) and marital communication rating scale (MCRS) were administered at pre-test, post-test and follow up sessions. The experimental groups were each exposed to six sessions of treatment in CRT, CST and six sessions for CRT/CST for a period of six weeks, while the control group was instructed on marital problems. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe test were used to analyse the data obtained. Four research questions were stated and twelve null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings indicated that; 1) the subjects used in the experimental groups and the control group had marital conflicts; 2) cognitive restructuring skills training, communication skills training and a combination of both techniques had significant effect on conflict resolution among Nigerian couples when compared with the control group; 3) none of the three techniques was better than the other as indicated in the scheffe test; 4) effects of the three therapeutic techniques at one-month follow-up were significantly different from the control group. The implications of the findings were highlighted. It was recommended that pre-marital and marital guidance programmes be organized for conflicting families and intermittent workshops be organized to sensitize married couples and people intending to marry. Key words: Marriage and family, cognitive restructuring, communication skills training.
openalex: W2163808872 mag: 2163808872
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Socio-economic benefits and pollution levels of water resources, Pece Wetland, Gulu Municipality - Uganda - Opio, Alfonse; Lukale, J. K.; Masaba, I. S.; Oryema, Christine (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)
Communities are dependent on wetlands resources for income generation. However, anthropogenic activities that result into pollution of water are one of the major public health problems. Assessment of socio–economic activities and pollution levels of domestic water sources in Gulu Municipality, Pece wetland was done. The technique for socio–economic data collection was an exploratory method using transect walk along the wetland. Questionnaires and interviews were used. Domestic water sources around the wetland were sampled and analyzed according to APHA (1992). The major activities in the wetland were edge gardening, waste disposal, petty business center called ‘Owino’ market, water collection for sale, livestock grazing, agro–forestry, brick laying, papyrus harvesting and vehicle washing. The climax of some of the activities was affected by seasons. Over all, the activities contributed to > 50% of the monthly income of the respondents. A section of the wetland seems to be sacrificed for socio–economic activities due to the prevailing insecurity as evidenced in the unclear coordination and monitoring plan for conservation of the wetland. Temperature was not significantly different (p = 0.672) and pH was significantly different (p = 0.000). The values ranged from 23.4 to 26.0°C and 5.37 to 5.83 for all the water sources respectively. There was significant difference (p = 0.00 and p = 0.03) in EC and TSS that ranged from 52 to 330 μScm -1 and 0.89 to 2.93 mgL -1 respectively. Spring water had higher EC and TSS than the boreholes. Faecal coliforms ranged from 14 to 50 CFU/100 ml and was significantly higher (p = 0.006) for the spring water than the boreholes. The chloride ion concentration was significantly different (p = 0.000) in the water sources and ranged from 89.2 to 331.1 mgL -1 . The correlation for faecal coliforms and chloride ions was positive (r = 0.3577). The domestic water sources were contaminated, although the assumption in the community is that, boreholes are clean and safe. The communities should be sensitized to treat water before drinking. This could reduce the chances of infection by the pathogenic organisms. Key words: Benefits, pollution, water sources, wetlands, socio–economics.
openalex: W2127288543 mag: 2127288543
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Integrating early childhood development (ECD) into mainstream primary school education in Zimbabwe: Implications to water, sanitation and hygiene delivery - Rwatirera, Gunhu M.; Rose, Mugweni M.; Dhlomo, Thelma (Journal of African Studies, 2011)
The study sought to investigate implementation of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) deliverables by rural primary schools in Bikita District. Four school heads and eight early childhood development (ECD) teachers from four schools were interviewed. An observation checklist was used to assess the adequacy and age-appropriateness of WASH facilities. The research analyzed the capacity of WASH policies to influence the vision, and implementation of WASH in ECD. It was found that WASH related recommendations in the Statutory Instrument (SI) 106/2005 were too elicit and irrelevant to rural primary schools in Bikita. The schools did not have age appropriate toilets and rest rooms for the 3 to 5-year children. The schools were dependent heavily on donor subsidies for WASH resources and this subsequently affected the sustainability of hygiene and sanitation activities once the resources were finished, or broken down in the case of water boreholes. The teachers identified large teacher to pupil ratios, teacher attitudes, and the absence of caregivers. This paper concluded that some careful assessment is critical for the production of a research based WASH in school policy that is not only desirable but also feasible in terms of its capacity to address the educational and developmental needs of the 3 to 5-year old children. Key words: School sanitation, hygiene education, early childhood education, school, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), hand washing, sanitation.
openalex: W2994104142 mag: 2994104142
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Yemen, Republic of - RY Higher Education Quality Improvement : P110733 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 03 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
openalex: W2218588558 mag: 2218588558
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Hand Washing Practices among School Children in Ghana - Steiner‐Asiedu, Matilda; Van-Ess, S.E.; Papoe, M.; Setorglo, Jacob; Asiedu, D.K.; Anderson, Arne (2011)
The high incidence of diarrhoeal diseases and other communicable diseases among children due to poor personal hygiene and sanitation remains a concern on the public health agenda in most countries. To address the problem efficiently, an understanding of the knowledge and practices among target populations is needed to plan and design behavioural interventions. It is against this background that the present study was carried out to determine the hand washing practices among children in private and public school in the Metropolis in the Greater-Accra region of Ghana, with both private and public schools. A total of 295 school children were randomly recruited into the study. The study was cross-sectional in design and used qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographics. A check list was used during the observation of hand washing practices and an interview guide was used for the focus group discussions. The results showed that, most school children observed did not practice proper hand washing with soap, both in school and at home due to the unavailability and inaccessibility of hand washing facilities such as soap, towel and clean running water. However, majority (90.2%) of those who used the school toilet practiced hand washing with soap after defecation. Private schools were found to be 63% (p = 0.02) less likely to wash their hands after using the toilet, 51% (p = 0.03) less likely to wash their hands before eating and 77% (p ＜ 0.001) less likely to wash their hands with soap after eating compared to their public school counterparts. Parents reported the presence of hand washing facilities at home but structured observations during home visits proved otherwise. The need to extend the hand washing campaigns to private schools cannot be overemphasised. It will be useful for the Ghana Education Service to collaborate with all stakeholders; such as Ghana Health Services, National Community on Water and Sanitation Programme, health workers, and the Parents Teacher Associations (PTAs).This union will foster stronger linkages that will pave the way for educating and monitoring the school children for effective hand washing practices.
openalex: W2181837021 mag: 2181837021
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Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents in Community Secondary Schools in Rural Areas of Central Tanzania - Zakayo, M.O.; Lwelamira, James (2011)
openalex: W3199890575 mag: 3199890575
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Assessment of Land-Based Pollution Sources in the Mediterranean Sea Along Gaza Coast – Palestine - Zaqoot, Hossam Adel; Hujair, Taysir Saleem; Ansari, Abdul Khalique; Khan, Shahzad Akbar (2011)
openalex: W2235017279 mag: 2235017279
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Smallholders adaptation to climate change in Mali - Ebi, Kristie L.; Padgham, Jon; Doumbia, Mamadou; Kergna, Alpha; Smith, Joel B.; Butt, Tanveer; McCarl, Bruce A. (Climatic Change, 2011)
openalex: W2055245359 mag: 2055245359
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Egypt, Arab Republic of - Second Pollution Abatement Project : P090073 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 10 - Hamed, Maged Mahmoud (2011)
openalex: W2916322959 mag: 2916322959
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Vocational Training with HIV Prevention for Ugandan Youth - Rotheram‐Borus, Mary Jane; Lightfoot, Marguerita; Kasirye, Rogers; Desmond, Katherine A. (AIDS and Behavior, 2011)
In a pilot study, young people in slums in Kampala, Uganda received an HIV prevention program (Street Smart) and were randomized to receive vocational training immediately (Immediate) or four months later (Delayed). Youth were monitored at recruitment, 4 months (85% retention), and 24 months (74% retention). Employment increased dramatically: Only 48% had ever been employed at recruitment, 86% were employed from months 21 to 24 post recruitment. Over two years, decreases were recorded in the number of sexual partners, mental health symptoms, delinquent acts, and drug use; condom use increased. Providing employment in low income countries, in conjunction with HIV prevention, may provide sustained support to young people to prevent HIV acquisition.
openalex: W2053768220 mag: 2053768220
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Rainfall variability in southern Africa: drivers, climate change impacts and implications for agriculture - Ambrosino, Christine M. (2011)
Southern Africa is characterised by a high degree of rainfall variability affecting agriculture among other sectors. The focus of this study is to investigate such variability and to identify stable relationships with its potential drivers in the climate system. These relationships are used as the basis for the statistical downscaling of climate model (GCM) outputs. From the simulated rainfall, indices representative of growing season characteristics are computed with the final purpose of studying the implications on maize cropping under a future climate change scenario. The analysis uses generalized linear models (GLMs), which allow the investigation of the relationships between different components of the climate system (geographical and climatic drivers) simultaneously. Initially, the effects of various climate indicators upon monthly regional (for all southern Africa) precipitation occurrences and amounts are characterised. Six climate factors are found to drive part of the rainfall variability in the region and their modelled effect upon rainfall occurrences and amounts agrees broadly with previous studies. Among the retained indices, relative humidity and El Nino accounted for the highest degree of explained variability. The location and intensity of the jet stream is also found to have a statistically significant and physically meaningful effect upon rainfall variability. Although effective for the analysis of monthly regional precipitation, and used to investigate future regional projections, the models do not perform adequately at more local spatial scales such as station locations or few km grids. The same methodology is, therefore, applied to characterise daily precipitation variability at multiple locations within a smaller region. The small scale statistical models capture adequately the seasonal and annual rainfall structure in the area. Indeed, the observations can not be distinguished from the simulated time series. However, the simulated rainfall values tend to be slightly too high throughout the seasons, possibly due to the spatial correlation structure not completely appropriate for such a complex region. From the simulated rainfall sequences, seven growing season indices (including the onset and length of the growing season, proportion of rainy days and total precipitation during the growing season) are derived and their projected change investigated under a climate change scenario. There is little consensus between the 18 selected GCMs, regarding changes in growing season indices between two investigated periods in the 20th and 21st centuries. For the next couple of decades the dominant source of variation in the indices appears to be the natural rainfall variability. Such information should therefore be taken into account when planning adaptation and mitigation strategies. The research presented here emerges as the first comprehensive assessment of different climatic factors linked to southern Africa rainfall variability as well as the first attempt to evaluate the GLMs suitability for the generation of rainfall sequences for agricultural impact studies.
openalex: W197697751 mag: 197697751
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Hydrogeochemical processes in a shallow coastal plain sand aquifer and tidal river systems (Calabar, Southeastern Nigeria): tracking wastewater and seawater pollution in ground and river waters - Edet, Aniekan; Worden, Richard H.; Mohammed, E. A. Elzein; Preston, Martin (Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011)
openalex: W2031167262 mag: 2031167262
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Investigation into factors that influence students' career choice in public secondary schools: a case of Ol Joro Orok division, Nyandarua north district, Kenya - Gathigia, K.J. Mwai (2011)
openalex: W630336672 mag: 630336672
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The nature and extent of child abuse in selected residential secondary schools for students with exceptional needs in Thika district, Kenya - Gichuke, Wambui Virginia (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 90p. The HV 6626.54 .K4G5 2010
openalex: W2228808330 mag: 2228808330
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A critical assessment of quality assurance and standards on educational quality in secondary schools in the larger Mombasa district Kenya - Ismael, Barrow Mohamud (2011)
openalex: W165878318 mag: 165878318
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Perceptions of students on the status of guidance and counselling in selected universities in Kenya for minimizing students riots - K'okul, S.A. Florence (2011)
openalex: W161840749 mag: 161840749
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Scoping Mission for an English Language Training (ELT) Programme in South Sudan. Final Report - Power, Tom; Simpson, John O. (2011)
The objective of this scoping mission is to assess and prioritise the most important English language training needs in South Sudan, in the period following independence, in relation to four thematic areas: • conducting central and state level official business; • creating a new national identity; • integrating with global and regional trade and commerce; • introducing pedagogic change in the education sector. A team of two specialists gathered data from 19-22 July 2011. This consisted of meetings with representatives of Ministries, SPLA, SSPS, NGOs, DFID, USAID, BC, HEIs, TTIs, and public and private sector organisations. Whilst there are a number of current activities intended to improve competence in English language, these are typically small scale, working face-to-face with small groups (of around 20-60 people) over short time frames (typically 3-6 months). WTI are perhaps the largest provider of such training, currently reaching some 3,000 teachers, but much of the training offered appears to be in the form of ‘grammar translation’, which is not the most effective approach for improving the ability to communicate in the target language. In relation to the scale of need, current approaches seem piecemeal. There is a need for coherent and strategic activity in relation to English language teaching within South Sudan. Effective approaches need to be deployed at an appropriate scale, proportionate to need. Interventions should acknowledge the broader issues around basic literacy, numeracy and communication skills, as well as English language needs. In particular, the opportunities for using appropriate, low-cost communications technologies (e.g. radio and mobile phone) should be thoroughly explored in relation to all interventions. The role of such technologies is likely to be critical in widening exposure to spoken English language, particularly in contexts where levels of literacy are generally very low. (The opportunity to supplement such resources through print, for example, through ELT pages in newspapers, should be explored, perhaps ￼particularly for more literate audiences, such as Arabic speaking teachers, or ELT facilitators in the workplace.) In addition, for the general population, the opportunity for community based, peer-supported initiatives should be explored. “Can English really make a difference”? The short answer is “yes”: English language training is not a ‘quick fix’ for South Sudan’s problems, but it can stimulate development, is relatively inexpensive and sustainable, and may underpin a range of skills transformation projects.
openalex: W1581026607 mag: 1581026607
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Heavy metal pollution and soil magnetic susceptibility in urban soil of Beni Mellal City (Morocco) - Baghdadi, Mohamed El; Barakat, Ahmed; Sajieddine, M.; Nadem, Samir (Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011)
openalex: W2036145703 mag: 2036145703
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2 - Managing Higher Education Institutions in Contemporary South Africa: Advancing Progressive Agendas in a Neo-Liberal and Technicist World - Habib, Adam (Bulletin du CODESRIA, 2011)
Abstract
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Magnitude and variation of traffic air pollution as measured by CO in the City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Kume, Abera; Charles, Keil; Berehane, Yemane; Emmelin, Anders; Ali, Ahmed (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2011)
Background: Air pollution level in Addis Ababa is presumed to be high due to the prevalence of old vehicles and substandard road infrastructures.This study assessed CO concentration as a measure of traffic air pollution.Materials and methods: a total of 80 road side and 24 on-road daily traffic air samples during wet and dry seasons of 2007 and 2008, respectively, were taken using CO data logger.A structured checklist was used to document related data.Downloaded data from the CO sampler was used to generate summary statistics and data presentations.Data quality of CO measurement was ensured using calibration checks. Results:The mean for 15 minutes CO concentration was 2.1 ppm (GM=1.3)and 2.8 ppm (GM=2.2) for wet and dry seasons, respectively.The concentrations from season to season varied statistically.The CO temporal and spatial profiles among the two seasons were similar.The overall mean on-road CO concentration was 5.4 ppm (GM=5.3).Fifteen percent of roadside samples and all on-road samples exhibited more than 50% of the 8-hr CO WHO guideline.. Daily CO maxima were observed in early mornings and late afternoons. Conclusions:The consistency in spatial and temporal profiles and the variation on both on-road and road side traffic lines imply that vehicles are the main source of traffic air pollution.There is a concern that the CO 8-hr World Health Organization guideline might be exceeded in future.[
openalex: W2158248079 mag: 2158248079
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Current status of intestinal Schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminthiasis among primary school children in Adwa Town, Northern Ethiopia - Legesse, Lemlem; Erko, Berhanu; Hailu, Asrat (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2011)
Background: Epidemiological baseline information on the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections in a given locality is a prerequisite for development and evaluation of sound control strategies.Objective: To determine the current status of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among primary school children in Adwa Town, northern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in eight primary schools in Adwa Town between October and November 2007.Fecal samples of 386 school children in the age group 7-18 were collected and microscopically examined using the Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration methods.A questionnaire was used to identify determinants for Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminth infections.Results: The most prevalent intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children in Adwa Town as determined by Kato-Katz (58.7%) and formol ether concentration (60.6%) methods was intestinal schistosomiasis, with an overall intensity of 95.8 eggs per gram of stool.The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was higher in males (70.7%) than in females (57%), as determined by both methods.Less common parasites observed included Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm species, Hymenolepis nana, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar. Conclusion:The residents of Adwa Town represent a high-risk community with respect to intestinal schistosomiasis.Hence, mass praziquantel administration to school-age children and all adults considered to be at risk is required once a year until the level of infection falls below the level of public health importance.There is also a need to supplement chemotherapy with other measures such as environmental sanitation and health education to make the impact of chemotherapy sustainable.[
openalex: W1986788740 mag: 1986788740
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SYLLABI AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PROGRAMMES IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA AND UGANDA - Akiiki, B.K. Michael (2011)
openalex: W2291544098 mag: 2291544098
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Nature and effects of sexual harrassment of teachers in special and secondary schools in Central province, Kenya - Buluma, Michael Edwin (2011)
openalex: W2186555933 mag: 2186555933
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Gender differences in students' achievement in chemistry in secondary schools of Kakamega district, Kenya - Busolo, Akala Janet (2011)
In all developing countries sciences education is being called upon to play an even more important role in the future. More students are needed to become competent in the key science subjects of physics, chemistry, and biology. For an all round contribution, there is need to involve both men and women. This study focused on gender differences in students’ achievement in Secondary School chemistry. In addition to the main purpose, the study sought to identify the factors that contribute to gender differences in chemistry achievement levels of students and to provide more and more equal opportunities for studying chemistry and science in general to both boys and girls. The study was a crosssectional descriptive survey employing correlational methods to investigate gender differences in chemistry achievement levels of girls and boys. The study comprised twelve (12) stratified selected public secondary schools in Kakamega district. A total of 386 students responded to a five-item, chemistry Achievement Test (CHAT) comprising descriptive, mathematical and spatial ability items. The students also responded to the Attitude Sale (AS). The teachers filled the Chemistry Teachers’ Questionnaire (CTQ) on the reasons for poor performance of students in Chemistry and their possible solutions. The validity and reliability of the instruments were enhanced by a pilot study and the adoption of some already validated items. A reliability coefficient of at least 0.8 was acceptable for the study. Quantitative data obtained from the CHAT were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The statistics derived included percentages, mean, Pearson r, standard deviation, students‘t’ – Test scores and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) values. Pearson product – moment for correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between attitude and chemistry achievement. The study revealed the following findings; Gender was strongly associated with Chemistry achievement (r= 0.9880, α > 0.001). As a result, boys’ schools performed better than girls schools. Boys had a stronger affinity and interest towards Chemistry. Teacher and school factors were of little effect on Chemistry achievement with respect to gender. The key recommendation was that measures are needed to be taken as early as possible, probably already in primary education, which aim at the suppression of socialization factors known to lead to the establishment of gender differences in Chemistry achievement. It would be desirable to implement strategies in the curriculum as well as in the pre and in-service training which would help to reduce gender differences in students’ achievement in Chemistry. CHAPTER
openalex: W95066235 mag: 95066235
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The effectiveness of subsidies in enhancing optimal enrolment in public secondary schools in Kericho District, Kenya - Cheruiyot, Kiprono Charles (2011)
openalex: W2580571313 mag: 2580571313
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Migration, moult and climate change in barn swallows Hirundo rustica in South Africa - Møller, Anders Pape; Nuttall, R. J.; Piper, S. E.; Szép, Tibor; Vickers, Edward J. (Climate Research, 2011)
Phenological change in long-distance migratory birds has responded less to climate change than that in short-distance migrants and residents.A general lack of information about the timing of migration in the winter quarters has prevented progress in interpreting the causes.Here we report long-term information on first arrival of barn swallows Hirundo rustica to -and last departure from -a major roost in South Africa during 1993-2010, a period when climate change at the breeding grounds was particularly pronounced.Although first arrival in autumn advanced by more than 2 wk, there was a tendency for a delay in last departure during spring, suggesting that cues for earlier spring departure from the winter quarters were missing.During 1999-2009, timing of moult was delayed, which may explain why spring migration by trans-Saharan migratory birds did not advance in this period.
openalex: W2315054975 mag: 2315054975
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An analysis of students' knowledge and choice criteria in retail bank selection in sub‐Saharan Africa - Narteh, Bedman; Owusu‐Frimpong, Nana (International Journal of Bank Marketing, 2011)
Purpose This study aims to offers a deeper insight into bank selection of Ghanaian students so as to offer bank managers the opportunity to tailor‐measure programmes aimed at attracting and retaining customers. Design/methodology/approach The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the problem. The “drop and pick” convenience sampling method adopted resulted in 223 completed questionnaires. The mean ranking and factor analysis methods were employed to identify the major factors that influence the respondent bank selection. Findings Over all, student customers consider image, attitude and behaviour of staff, core service delivery and technology‐related factors as the major issues that influence consumers' decision to open and maintain an account. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the study relates to the student population used for the study, which limits the generalisability of the findings. The study, however, contributes to the academic knowledge of bank selection and provides insights into the critical factors considered by sample students in their bank selection decisions. Practical implications In a market where consumers respond differently to a marketing offer, market segmentation becomes a necessity and therefore differences in male and female consumers' selection criteria emanating from this study provide an excellent opportunity for the banks to adopt segmentation‐based strategies to serve the customers. Originality/value In this paper, gender and educational level provide a deeper understanding of bank selection criteria among the Ghanaian bank customers. The four constructs can be used by bank management as bases for designing marketing strategies to deliver efficient service, and engage in relationship marketing practices to attract and retain customers.
openalex: W1498878223 mag: 1498878223
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Outcome of health education on HIV/AIDS knowledge and mobile VCT uptake among students of a tertiary institution in Gindiri, north-central, Nigeria - Pm, Utoo; Ogbonna, Chimaobi Samuel; Zoakah, AI; Araoye, MO (Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, 2011)
Background: Half of all new HIV infections occur among young persons, accounting for about 2.5 million new infections annually. Their risk of exposure is compounded by the fact that they often lack adequate information about HIV and AIDS, in addition to limited access to testing services. Objective: To determine the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS, Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) and its uptake before and after health education with provision of mobile VCT service among the students. Study Design and subjects: An interventional study was carried out among 423 tertiary institution students that were selected using the multistage sampling method. A semi- structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data before and after intervention with health education and mobile VCT service. Results: Before the intervention, majority of the students 404(95.5%) were aware of HIV/AIDS, 36(8.5%) and 235(59.8%) knew the meaning of the acronym HIV and AIDS respectively . A hundred and one (23.9%) of the respondents knew that HIV status could be identified through blood test and 268(63.4%) knew that a healthy looking person could be infected with HIV. After the intervention, there was statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement in knowledge of HIV(90.3%), AIDS (93.2%) acronyms, knowing of HIV status through a blood test (86.8%) and that healthy looking persons could be HIV positive (88.2%). VCT awareness before 265(62.7%) and after 382(95.5) intervention as well as VCT uptake before 99(23.4%) and after 176(42.2%) intervention recorded statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement Conclusion: Health education with mobile VCT improved the knowledge of HIV and AIDS along with uptake of HIV test. Technical support from health institutions would assist in increasing accessibility to HIV screening amongst students of tertiary institutions.
openalex: W2098252293 mag: 2098252293
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The Lost Boys of Sudan: The reintegration process of school children associated with armed forces and groups - Røed, Merethe; Skårås, Merethe (2011)
openalex: W1018741498 mag: 1018741498
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From PALSA PLUS to PALM PLUS: adapting and developing a South African guideline and training intervention to better integrate HIV/AIDS care with primary care in rural health centers in Malawi - Schull, Michael J.; Cornick, Ruth; Thompson, Sandy; Faris, Gill; Fairall, Lara; Burciul, Barry; Sodhi, Sumeet; Draper, Beverley; Joshua, Martias; Mondiwa, Martha; Banda, Hastings; Kathyola, Damson; et al. (Implementation Science, 2011)
Only about one-third of eligible HIV/AIDS patients receive anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Decentralizing treatment is crucial to wider and more equitable access, but key obstacles are a shortage of trained healthcare workers (HCW) and challenges integrating HIV/AIDS care with other primary care. This report describes the development of a guideline and training program (PALM PLUS) designed to integrate HIV/AIDS care with other primary care in Malawi. PALM PLUS was adapted from PALSA PLUS, developed in South Africa, and targets middle-cadre HCWs (clinical officers, nurses, and medical assistants). We adapted it to align with Malawi's national treatment protocols, more varied healthcare workforce, and weaker health system infrastructure.The international research team included the developers of the PALSA PLUS program, key Malawi-based team members and personnel from national and district level Ministry of Health (MoH), professional associations, and an international non-governmental organization. The PALSA PLUS guideline was extensively revised based on Malawi national disease-specific guidelines. Advice and input was sought from local clinical experts, including middle-cadre personnel, as well as Malawi MoH personnel and representatives of Malawian professional associations.An integrated guideline adapted to Malawian protocols for adults with respiratory conditions, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and other primary care conditions was developed. The training program was adapted to Malawi's health system and district-level supervision structure. PALM PLUS is currently being piloted in a cluster-randomized trial in health centers in Malawi (ISRCTN47805230).The PALM PLUS guideline and training intervention targets primary care middle-cadre HCWs with the objective of improving HCW satisfaction and retention, and the quality of patient care. Successful adaptations are feasible, even across health systems as different as those of South Africa and Malawi.
openalex: W2129840573 mag: 2129840573
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A study of sexual abuse of school girls by male teachers in four secondary schools in Zambia in the period 2000-2003 - Shakafuswa, John (2011)
Silence and secrecy shroud the pervasive incidence of harassment and sexual abuse of schoolgirls by male teachers in many Zambian schools. Instead of schools providing a safe and conducive learning environment, schoolgirls have suffered various forms of sexual abuse at the hands of predatory male teachers. These impressionable female students, some below 16, the legal age of consent in Zambia, have been subjected to various forms of sexual abuse at a time when they have very little knowledge of their bodies and of the implications of sexual intercourse.The main thrust of this study was to gain an insight into the actual nature of abuses female pupils are subjected to by their male teachers and to examine the protective measures taken by schools and the government in this regard. This study further sought to establish the fact that there are cases of teacher-perpetrated defilement of schoolgirls younger than 16, and that these cases together with those of other forms of sexual abuse, though known by authorities, are mainly unreported and hence go unpunished. It was also the objective of this study to see whether colleges adequately prepared would-be teachers for their responsibilities in schools by sensitizing them with essential knowledge of appropriate gender relations with female students. The study was conducted between July and November 2004, covering four schools: one single-sex and one co-educational secondary school in Lusaka Province and one singlesex and one co-educational secondary in Western Province for the period 2000-2003. Of the 400 self-administered questionnaires, only 309 of which were answered. A total of 13 male and 10 female teachers were interviewed. The study also undertook 8 focus group discussions, 2 per school, involving 65 Grade 9 and Grade 12 pupils. 12 detailed case studies were also conducted.The study established that teacher-perpetrated sexual abuse of schoolgirls was common in the schools studied and that cases of teacher-perpetrated sexual abuse of students mainly go unreported because of lack of support structures and victim-friendly environments that foster reporting. And even when these cases are reported, the process of disposing of them is protracted and ineffective both as a punitive and deterrent measure against the perpetrator and would-be abusers.The study further revealed that schoolgirls who turn had down teacher's proposals and sexual demands were, among other things, ignored in class, and received harsh comments and unfair punishment, including poor grading or marking of tests and class exercises. Although corporal punishment is illegal, some girls reported being caned or slapped by teachers whose love proposals they had turned down. The teachers who were interviewed indicated that the topic of teacher-pupil relations was tackled at teachers' training colleges, but only one of them said she had seen documents that related to teachers' professional conduct. In the period under study, a total of eight male teachers were dismissed from the teaching service for…
openalex: W2594190963 mag: 2594190963
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Training Trainers in health and human rights: Implementing curriculum change in South African health sciences institutions - Ewert, Elena; Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel; London, Leslie (BMC Medical Education, 2011)
The complicity of the South African health sector in apartheid and the international relevance of human rights as a professional obligation prompted moves to include human rights competencies in the curricula of health professionals in South Africa. A Train-the-Trainers course in Health and Human Rights was established in 1998 to equip faculty members from health sciences institutions nationwide with the necessary skills, attitudes and knowledge to teach human rights to their students. This study followed up participants to determine the extent of curriculum implementation, support needed as well as barriers encountered in integrating human rights into health sciences teaching and learning.A survey including both quantitative and qualitative components was distributed in 2007 to past course participants from 1998-2006 via telephone, fax and electronic communication.Out of 162 past participants, 46 (28%) completed the survey, the majority of whom were still employed in academic settings (67%). Twenty-two respondents (48%) implemented a total of 33 formal human rights courses into the curricula at their institutions. Respondents were nine times more likely (relative risk 9.26; 95% CI 5.14-16.66) to implement human rights education after completing the training. Seventy-two extracurricular activities were offered by 21 respondents, many of whom had successfully implemented formal curricula. Enabling factors for implementation included: prior teaching experience in human rights, general institutional support and the presence of allies - most commonly coworkers as well as deans. Frequently cited barriers to implementation included: budget restrictions, time constraints and perceived apathy of colleagues or students. Overall, respondents noted personal enrichment and optimism in teaching human rights.This Train-the-Trainer course provides the historical context, educational tools, and collective motivation to incorporate human rights educational initiatives at health sciences institutions. Increased implementation of human rights instruction, both formally and extracurricularly, has demonstrated the training's significance not only within academic institutions but more broadly across the health sector. Coworkers are vital allies in teaching human rights to health sciences students, helping to alleviate institutional barriers. Training fellow staff members and those in key leadership roles is noted as vital to the sustainability of human rights education.
openalex: W2162599720 mag: 2162599720
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Developing strategies for teaching aural musicianship in Kenyan secondary schools - Mbeche, Gesare Cleniece (2011)
openalex: W2134298890 mag: 2134298890
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A critical analysis of indigenous Kenyan music procedures: developing the embedded pathway approach model for interactive learning for secondary schools in Kenya - Mushira, N. Evelyne (2011)
openalex: W2276253591 mag: 2276253591
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HIV among out-of-school youth in Eastern and Southern Africa: a review - Stroeken, Koenraad; Remes, Pieter; Koker, Petra De; Michielsen, Kristien; Vossole, Anke Van; Temmerman, Marleen (AIDS Care, 2011)
The overall decline of the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa conceals how the HIV burden has shifted to fall on areas that have been more difficult to reach. This review considers out-of-school youth, a category typically eluding interventions that are school-based. Our review of descriptive studies concentrates on the most affected region, Southern and Eastern Africa, and spans the period between 2000 and 2010. Among the relatively small but increasing number of studies, out-of-school youth was significantly associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB), more precisely with early sexual debut, high levels of partner concurrency, transactional sex, age-mixing, low sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV risk perception, a high lifetime number of partners, and inconsistent condom use. Being-in-school not only raises health literacy. The in-school (e.g., age-near) sexual network may also be protective, an effect which the better-studied (and regionally less significant) variable of educational attainment cannot measure. To verify such double effect of being-in-school we need to complement the behavioral research of the past decade with longitudinal cohort analyses that map sexual networks, in various regions.
openalex: W1999193261 mag: 1999193261
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The Educational and Social Implications of Sexuality and Sex Education in Nigerian Schools - Dienye, Victory Uchechukwu (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
With globalization, Nigeria is abreast of the trend of events all over the world. This means the exposure of our youths to the influence of foreign culture. However today, our youths with the influence of foreign permissive culture have found themselves experiencing sex at a younger age than their parents did. Bearing in mind the different constraints faced by our society with which sexuality is treated, one finds that youths fall prey to the consequences of poor sexuality and sex education due to societal reactions to issues that bother on sexuality. This paper discusses the importance of sexuality education in the Nigerian school system as a source of preventing the social problems of teenage pregnancy, which reduces the number of female students in school, a sure indication of undermining valuable human resource and therefore development. Social problems of death through abortion, destitution and spread of sexually transmitted diseases were shown to thrive in the absence of Sexuality Education. The paper suggests suitable methods of teaching sexuality related subjects at various levels.
openalex: W57357865 mag: 57357865
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Residents’ Perception of Postgraduate Radiology Training in Nigeria - Adeyekun, AA (West African journal of medicine, 2011)
literature on radiology residency in Nigeria is sparse, even for decades after its commencement. There is therefore the need to inquire into the problems and prospects of the programme, at least from the perspectives of the residents.to determine residents' perception of the radiology residency programme, residents' view on state of facilities, and their opinion on the future of radiology training in Nigeria.Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires, were given to residents to complete. Contacts were made with residents during update courses and radiologists' conferences or meetings.one hundred and twenty-five questionnaires were given out and 120 were completed and returned, giving a response rate of 96 %. Fifty-eight (48%) respondents mentioned academic interest as the major influencing factor for enrolling into the programme. Only 20 (16%) residents had made up their minds to do radiology residency as medical students. All the residents identified conventional radiography and ultrasound as the only regularly functioning modalities in their centres, while 72 (60%) respondents mentioned same for cross sectional imaging modalities; that is CT and MRI. One hundred and ten (90%) respondents had rotation through available modalities as the plank of their training programmes, and 96 (80%) did not feel happy about the state of teaching aids at their centres. Ninety-six (80%) of the residents expressed satisfaction at the efforts of the supervisory postgraduate medical colleges at organising update courses. Eighty respondents (65%) mentioned limited (or lack of) exposure to modern imaging modalities as the greatest threat to the future of radiology residency in Nigeria.nigerian radiology residents are concerned about lack of modern imaging tools, facilities at their centres, as well as opportunities for exposure overseas, and the likely impact of these on their training and the future of the specialty in Nigeria.
openalex: W2093463821 mag: 2093463821
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Parental involvement in primary education in Uganda - Berg, R. van den; Noort, L. van (2011)
openalex: W146331543 mag: 146331543
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Analysis of practices: Empowering aspects of a tailoring training for teenage girls in Burkina Faso - Bosscher, N. (2011)
openalex: W14748030 mag: 14748030
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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana: An initial report - Clegg-Lamptey, J. N. A; Amponsah, G. (West African journal of medicine, 2011)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) the preferred treatment for gallstones was not available in Ghana until 2005.To report experience from Ghana of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of galestones.In a prospective study of patients with gallstones, information was obtained on demography, duration of various stages of the operation, analgesia and complication of patients with gallstones. All patients had general anaesthesia using endotracheal intubation, muscle relaxant and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. A standard four-trocar technique and maximum pneumoperitoneum pressure of 14 mmHg were maintained during surgery.There were 50 women and two men aged 17-72 years (mean 44.2 years). All had symptomatic gallstones treated by interval LC. The main indications were biliary colic 23(44%) and previous cholecystitis 15(29%). There were scars from previous abdominal surgery in 22 (42%), mainly pfannenstiel. The Verres needle was used to obtain pneumoperitoneum in 40 (77%). Only one patient (1.9%) had the operation converted to open cholecystectomy. Most patients, 47/51 (92%), were discharged in 24 hours. The mean durations of various stages were: anaesthesia (110 minutes), pneumo-peritoneum (67.5 minutes) and reverse trendelenburg (47.8 minutes). The mean operating time reduced from 81 to 68 minutes in the last 20 patients. Complications were sore throat 11(21.6%), infection of the umbilical wound 3(5.9%), right shoulder tip pain (3; 5.9%) and bile leak 1(2%). There was no peri-operative mortality.Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed with good results in patients with symptomatic gallstones in Accra.
openalex: W2003634804 mag: 2003634804
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Late Life Function and Disability Instrument in African American Women: Function Component - Murrock, Carolyn J.; Zauszniewski, Jaclene A. (Women & Health, 2011)
Obesity, age, and comorbidity can lead to limitations in physical function, especially in middle aged, community-dwelling, African American women. To determine the clinical implications of limitations in physical function, instruments that assess physical function need to be tested in this population. The purpose of the authors in this secondary analysis was to report the internal consistency and validity of the Physical Function component of the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument in middle-aged, community-dwelling, African American women. In 2006, 126 community-dwelling African American women completed the Physical Function component, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and the 6 Minute Walk Test at baseline. Results indicated Cronbach's alphas were excellent (all >.92) for the Physical Function component and the three subscales. The Physical Function component correlated directly with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (r = .37, p < .01) and the 6 Minute Walk Test (r = .36, p < .01) but was inversely correlated with age (r = -.42, p < .01) and comorbidity (r = -.35, p < .01). However, obesity was not correlated (r = -.11, p > .05). A three-factor structure of the Physical Function component was confirmed. Thus, the Physical Function component was a reliable and valid measure to screen African American women who were at risk for function limitations. Future recommendations are discussed.
openalex: W2008406620 mag: 2008406620
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An Analysis of Listening Skills of Healthcare Students in Nigeria - Olukoga, Abiodun; Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn; Harris, Graham; Ajayi, Oluseye (West African journal of medicine, 2011)
Listening is a primary communication skill essential for human learning and reported to be positively correlated with school achievement. It enables the healthcare professional to explore fully the ideas and concerns of the patient during a healthcare encounter. It is especially needed by healthcare students and professionals in light of the study showing that the typical physician will interrupt a patient after about 18-23 seconds.The objective of this study was to measure the listening skills of the undergraduate health sciences students in a Nigerian setting and to attempt to explain different levels of individual listening skills.Selected undergraduate students in medicine, dentistry, nursing and physiotherapy who volunteered to complete a self-administered questionnaire were studied. The questionnaire contained seventeen items, ranked on a 5-point Likert scale on the various habits people adopt when listening to others and the students' three most recent academic test scores.The mean (SD) score for the seventeen items was 2.72 (1.14) out of 5. Seven items had mean scores greater than 3.00, eight items had mean scores between 2.00 and 3.00, and two items had mean less than 2.00. The students had a minimum score of 27 and a maximum score of 67 compared with a possible 17 and 85. The mean (SD) score for the listening scale by the students was 46.87 (7.33). Eighty percent of the respondents had good listening skills. There were no statistically significant associations between the listening skills scores of the students and several possible explanatory variables - age, gender, course being studied and test scores.The findings indicate that neither males nor females are the better listeners. It showed impressively high levels of listening skills among the respondents. There was the absence of explanatory variables which were significant in explaining differences between individual listening skill scores.
openalex: W2018373965 mag: 2018373965
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Availability and Accessibility of Journals to Postgraduate Students at the Universities of Agriculture Libraries in Nigeria - Salaam, M. O.; Okpeke, RO (Communicate Journal of Library and Information Science, 2011)
This study examined the extent to which journals are made available and accessible to the postgraduate students at the universities of agriculture libraries in Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. A total of 1,275 of a questionnaire were distributed among the postgraduate students of the three Universities of Agriculture in Nigeria of which there were 914 (71.69%) responses. The questionnaire sought for information on how available and accessible are the journals of the postgraduate students. The results showed that print journals were fairly available (52.0%); there were some electronic databases in two of the libraries. Journals available were accessible (68.8%) to postgraduate students. Postgraduate students did not rely on their libraries but visit other libraries for supplements. It is recommended that library administrators should pay more attention to the acquisition of relevant journals. The libraries should also form a consortium for the acquisition of electronic databases and network for resource–sharing so that journals of the libraries are accessible to others. KEYWORDS: Agricultural Libraries – Nigeria Journals – Postgraduate Students University Libraries – Journals – Nigeria
openalex: W2060437017 mag: 2060437017
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Self-reported poor oral hygiene among in-school adolescents in Zambia - Siziya, Seter; Muula, Adamson S; Rudatsikira, Emmanuel (BMC research notes, 2011)
Dental health is a neglected aspect of adolescent health globally but more so in low-income countries. Secondary analysis using the 2004 Zambia Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) was conducted in which we estimated frequencies of relevant socio-demographic variables and explored associations between selected explanatory variables and self-reported poor oral hygiene (not cleaning or brushing teeth) within the last 30 days of the completion of questionnaire.Most of the 2257 respondents were males (53.9%) and went hungry (82.5%). More than 4 in 10 respondents drank alcohol (42.2%) while 37.2% smoked cannabis. Overall 10.0% of the respondents reported to have poor oral hygiene. Male respondents were 7% less likely to report to have poor oral hygiene compared to females. Compared to respondents who never drank alcohol, those who drank alcohol were 27% more likely to report to have poor oral hygiene. Respondents who smoked cannabis were 4% more likely to report to have poor oral hygiene compared to those who did not smoke cannabis. Finally, respondents who went hungry were 35% more likely to report to have poor oral hygiene compared to those who did not go hungry.Results from this study indicate that female gender, alcohol drinking, cannabis smoking, and going hungry were associated with self-reported poor oral hygiene. The identification of these factors should guide the design and implementation of programs aimed to improve oral health among adolescents.
openalex: W2012644312 mag: 2012644312
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Provider-initiated (Opt-out) HIV testing and counselling in a group of university students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Abiona, Titilayo C.; Balogun, Joseph A.; Aderounmu, Adetokunbo (The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 2011)
Objectives The Provider Initiated HIV (Opt-out) Testing and Counselling model has rarely been tested in Nigeria. This study assessed its feasibility and uptake among a sample of Nigerian university undergraduate students.Methods Two hundred and fifty-two Nigerian university students were offered rapid ‘opt-out’ HIV tests. The participants were also interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results Two hundred and fifty-one (99.6%) students accepted to be tested and only one (0.4%) refused testing. The commonest reason given for accepting rapid ‘opt-out’ testing was the desire to find out HIV status (93.2%). Only 24 (9.5%) students had previously ever been tested for HIV; among the 228 (90.5%) respondents who had not, the commonest reasons given for not testing were lack of knowledge of where to go to (25%), fear of testing positive (24%), and perception of being unlikely to have been exposed to HIV (18%).Conclusion HIV ‘opt-out’ testing holds the prospect for rapidly increasing the coverage of HIV testing and other preventive interventions among university students in Nigeria. However, waiting time before testing and the poor disposition of medical staff to add on the burden of HIV ‘opt-out’ tests remain potential barriers to its roll-out.
openalex: W2000846906 mag: 2000846906
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Prevalence, intervention and management of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Nairobi province, Kenya - Kamau, Jane (2011)
A research thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of doctor of philosophy in the school of applied human sciences of Kenyatta University. RJ 399.C6K3
openalex: W62726873 mag: 62726873
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Performance of female Adult Learners Re-entering High School Through Academic Production Unit in Chipata and Katete Districts of Zambia,2007-2008 - Mainza-Mtolo, Pimpa (2011)
This study was aimed at identifying factors affecting performance of female adult learners re-entering high school through Academic Production Unit (APU) in Chipata and Katete districts in Eastern Province of Zambia. The concern was motivated by the prevailing poor performance of the female adult learners at Chipata and Katete Day High Schools.In this study the researcher sought to establish the factors that negatively affected the academic performance of the female adult learners re-entering high school through APU using two schools as a case study. The sample was drawn using purposive sampling and stratified sampling. The respondents for the study were the female adult learners in Grade 11 and 12 who had re-entered high school through APU, young learners, school managers and teachers who were teaching these female adult learners. Primary data was collected from the female adult learners and young-learners through focus group discussions. Additional information from the female adult learners was collected using self administered questionnaires. School managers and teachers were interviewed and secondary data was collected from class registers and mock examination results from the two schools.The findings of the study have revealed that the female adult learners performed poorly due to a number of factors categorized as school and home based. The school based factors were: class over enrollment, poor school environment and facilities, lack of teaching and learning materials, negative attitudes of teachers, and teacher-absenteeism from lessons and generally their lack of commitment to work. The findings also revealed that there was a problem on the methodology used to teach the female adult learners. On the other hand, the home based factors included domestic chores, family responsibilities, marital and financial problems.The findings have revealed that the performance of female adult learners were adversely affected by the claimed school and home factors stated above. In order to improve performance, a number of recommendations have been put forward to these schools,communities and the Ministry of Education. The aim was to improve service delivery to the female adult learners so that they may benefit more from education.
openalex: W2935691738 mag: 2935691738
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Sports participation and examination-related stress among selected Kenyan secondary school students - Muniu, R. K. (2011)
openalex: W2562252246 mag: 2562252246
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EVALUATION OF NGURORE TERTIARY VOLCANIC ROCKS FOR HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS AND CONCRETES, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA - Valdon, Y.B.; Kaigama, U.; Dorcas, G.A. (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2011)
openalex: W4291250146
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Famine and disease threaten millions in drought hit Horn of Africa - Zarocostas, John (The BMJ, 2011)
The humanitarian crisis in the drought hit Horn of Africa deepened on 20 July when the UN declared that famine is now affecting two regions of Southern Somalia and has already killed tens of thousands of people in recent months. The agency warned that the situation could worsen unless urgent action is taken, putting at risk 3.7 million people in the country, including 640 000 malnourished children out of 2.8 million people in urgent need of aid. Famine is declared if at least 20% of households face extreme food shortages, global acute malnutrition rates exceed 30%, and crude death rates exceed two per 10 000 per day. The areas affected in Southern Somalia are southern Bakool and Lower Shabelle. Dermot Carty, deputy director for emergency programmes at Unicef, told reporters: “This famine is a children’s famine: children are the most vulnerable to this crisis.” There are already 310 000 children with severe acute malnutrition (when a …
openalex: W1999413770 mag: 1999413770
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Dimensions of Academic Contingencies Among African American College Students - Griffin, Tiffany M.; Chavous, Tabbye M.; Cogburn, Courtney D.; Branch, La Toya; Sellers, Robert M. (Journal of black psychology, 2011)
Drawing from existing literature, the authors conceptualized a two-dimensional framework of African American students’ academic contingencies of self-worth. The results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with a sample of African American college freshmen ( N = 330) supported this prediction. Self-Worth Dependent academic contingencies were characterized by students’ self-worth being more wholly reliant on academic performance. Self-Worth Enhancing academic contingencies represented linkages between self-worth and academics where self-worth is reinforced by positive achievement but not necessarily diminished by negative feedback in the educational setting. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were used to test relationships between academic contingencies of self-worth dimensions, race-related factors (identity and discrimination experiences), academic outcomes, and psychological outcomes. Findings showed that Self-Worth Dependent academic contingencies predicted less positive beliefs about Blacks and worse psychological outcomes. Self-Worth Enhancing academic contingencies predicted more positive personal beliefs about Blacks and feeling more connected to Blacks. Implications for African American student motivation, achievement, and adjustment are discussed.
openalex: W1972227049 mag: 1972227049
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5139 The process of establishments and classroom constructions of primary schools in rural Kenya - Imoto, Saori; Otsuki, Takeshi (Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan. E-1, Architectural planning and design I, Building types and community facilities, planning and design method building construction system human factor studies planning and design theory, 2011)
openalex: W2564136019 mag: 2564136019
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Nitrate pollution of Neogene alluvium aquifer in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania - Kibona, I; Mkoma, SL; Mjemah, IC (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2011)
Concern over nitrate pollution of groundwater in integrated water quality management has been growing recently.The levels of nitrate in wells from septic tanks and urban agriculture with nitrogen fertilizers application may increase the potential groundwater pollution by nitrate.The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations and spatial distribution of nitrate (NO 3 -) in groundwater in Morogoro municipality.Groundwater samples were collected from 20 wells during wet season period in March-April 2010 in 6 wards namely Kihonda, Mji Mpya, Mafisa, Saba Saba, Boma and Kilakala.The spectrophotometer was used to measure the NO 3 -concentration in water samples.The minimum and maximum nitrate levels were 1.4 and 32.5 mg/L respectively in the wards studied with an average of 7.76 mg/L.These results showed that all of the groundwater samples have NO 3 -concentration below the Tanzania Bureau of Standards upper limit value and World Health Organization guideline of 75 mg/l and 50 mg/l respectively.Also, the level of nitrate concentration tends to decrease with depth for most of the places due to the anoxic condition that is available at the higher depth which facilitates the utilization of nitrate by anaerobic microorganisms.
openalex: W1992196263 mag: 1992196263
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Addressing social responsibility in medical education: The African way - Kwizera, Enoch; Iputo, Jehu (Medical Teacher, 2011)
Indigenous sub-Saharan societies have, over the millennia, lived and socialised within the unwritten ‘rules’ of the ‘Ubuntu’ or similar philosophies that emphasises holistic ‘humanness’, and which is a form of ‘social responsibility’. This article looks into some relevant social responsibility aspects of medical education in the South African context, with particular emphasis on how these aspects have been addressed. Apartheid was, by its very nature, incompatible with social responsibility for the majority of South Africans, but one medical school that was a non-complicit product of apartheid succeeded in fulfilling a socially responsible mission. Thus, this article implicitly identifies what South Africa, Africa and the global Health Professions Education community could learn from these trail-blazing experiences.
openalex: W2015341433 mag: 2015341433
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A developmental state in Africa: what can policy makers in Africa learn from the idea of developmental state ? - Subira, Larissa Ineza (2011)
openalex: W599848874 mag: 599848874
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The uses and limits of visionary scenarios: learning from the African experience - Gordon, Adam (Foresight, 2011)
Purpose There has been no shortage of rosy visions for the future of Africa or its regions. Almost without exception, these visions have been dashed by reality. The question therefore arises: “To what extent or under what conditions is visioning an ideal future a worthy exercise?” or “Under what conditions is it useful and when is it limiting?” In anticipating the future in general, and seeking a better future for Africa in particular, might foresight tools built on another (non‐visionary) basis provide better fruit? This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers this question as it applies to scenario planning in particular, by investigating recent, contrasting case studies of scenario‐building activities in Africa (Tanzania and South Africa). Findings The paper determines the appropriate uses and limits of “visionary” scenario planning, and suggests a contrasting “adaptive” basis for scenario work. Originality/value It is argued that maintaining the purpose‐platform distinction between these two modes is fundamental to getting full value out of scenario work in general, and in the African context in particular. The contrasting case studies explain how and why the adaptive‐normative distinction is important; how different purposes each demand different use of the scenario process tools that currently exist, and show why failure to fit scenario approaches to purpose greatly diminishes the efficacy of the method for either purpose.
openalex: W1987802178 mag: 1987802178
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Out of sight but no longer out of mind: A climate of change for marine conservation in Madagascar - Harris, Anna (Madagascar Conservation & Development, 2011)
With over 5,500 km of coastline spanning more than 14 degrees of latitude, Madagascar boasts a diversity of marine and coastal habitats that is unrivalled in the Indian Ocean.These ecosystems are of paramount importance to national food security, as well as the livelihoods and culture of coastal people.Yet
openalex: W1971910307 mag: 1971910307
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Peer-Mediated Social Skill Instruction for African American Males with or at Risk for Mild Disabilities - Lo, Ya‐yu; Mustian, April L.; Brophy, Alicia; White, Richard (Exceptionality, 2011)
Disproportionality of African American males in special education and for disciplinary referrals has persisted for several decades. Culturally responsive social skill instruction, designed to teach critical skills and to involve peers from the learners' cultural group, can serve as a means to promote the overall social competence of African American males. This study examined the effects of a peer-mediated social skill instruction program on (a) the skill knowledge of classroom-related and aggression-resolution social skills and (b) the inappropriate classroom behaviors of seven African American males with or at risk for mild disabilities. Using a multiple probe across instructional groups design, we demonstrated that all participants clearly improved their response accuracy on specific social skill knowledge probes when corresponding social skills were taught by peers. Further, six participants reduced their inappropriate classroom behaviors during social skill instruction implementation. Results are discussed in relation to the importance of culturally responsive social skill instruction for African American males.
openalex: W2041941764 mag: 2041941764
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A comparative study of policy implementation in early childhood teacher education institutions in Kenya - Makatiani, Maurice Ingati (2011)
openalex: W2233630604 mag: 2233630604
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Effect of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Physical Fitness of School Children in Côte d'Ivoire - Müller, Ivan; Coulibaly, Jean T.; Fürst, Thomas; Knopp, Stefanie; Hattendorf, Jan; Krauth, Stefanie J.; Stete, Katarina; Righetti, Aurélie A.; Glinz, Dominik; Yao, Adrien K.; Pühse, Uwe; N’Goran, Eliézer K.; et al. (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2011)
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis are important public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa causing malnutrition, anemia, and retardation of physical and cognitive development. However, the effect of these diseases on physical fitness remains to be determined.We investigated the relationship between schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and physical performance of children, controlling for potential confounding of Plasmodium spp. infections and environmental parameters (i.e., ambient air temperature and humidity). A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 156 school children aged 7-15 years from Côte d'Ivoire. Each child had two stool and two urine samples examined for helminth eggs by microscopy. Additionally, children underwent a clinical examination, were tested for Plasmodium spp. infection with a rapid diagnostic test, and performed a maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test to assess their maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2) max) as a proxy for physical fitness.The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium spp., Schistosoma mansoni, hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides infections was 85.3%, 71.2%, 53.8%, 13.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Children with single, dual, triple, quadruple and quintuple species infections showed VO(2) max of 52.7, 53.1, 52.2, 52.6 and 55.6 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively. The VO(2) max of children with no parasite infections was 53.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1). No statistically significant difference was detected between any groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that VO(2) max was influenced by sex (reference: female, coef. = 4.02, p<0.001) and age (years, coef. = -1.23, p<0.001), but not by helminth infection and intensity, Plasmodium spp. infection, and environmental parameters.School-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire showed good physical fitness, irrespective of their helminth infection status. Future studies on children's physical fitness in settings where helminthiasis and malaria co-exist should include pre- and post-intervention evaluations and the measurement of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and nutritional parameters as potential co-factors to determine whether interventions further improve upon fitness.
openalex: W2048330128 mag: 2048330128
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Family Literacy across Three Generations of Undergraduate Students in Africa and the United States: Relation of Family Literacy Experiences on the Grade Point Averages of Undergraduate Students at the University of Botswana, University of Pretoria in South Africa, and Vanderbilt University in the United States - Nanjee, Naveed (2011)
openalex: W2198338212 mag: 2198338212
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Uprooted: Liberian Refugee Student in a Midwest Public High School - Okom, Ogbiji Victor (2011)
openalex: W2781380043 mag: 2781380043
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Evidence-Based African First Aid Guidelines and Training Materials - Velde, Stijn Van de; Buck, Emmy De; Vandekerckhove, Philippe; Volmink, Jimmy (PLOS Medicine, 2011)
Stijn Van de Velde and colleagues describe the African First Aid Materials project, which developed evidence-based guidelines on administering first aid in the African context as well as training materials to support the implementation of the guidelines.
openalex: W2104771498 mag: 2104771498
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Sports for learners with physical disabilities in ordinary public primary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa - Wegner, Lisa; Struthers, Patricia (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
In the Western Cape, learners with physical disabilities are accepted into ordinary schools (a school that is not a special school) as a part of the inclusive education initiative. This article reports on a survey designed to determine the types of sports that are available for learners with physical disabilities in ordinary public primary schools and the factors influencing their participation in sport. The study sample included 31 learners with physical disabilities (learners with movement or mobility difficulties or who used an assistive device) attending seven ordinary public primary schools, one teacher from each school and one teacher from each of eight conveniently selected special schools. Three questionnaires were used, one for the learners, another for the teachers at the ordinary schools and the third for the teachers at the special schools. Analysis was done using SPSS Version 15. The main findings of the study were that 32% (n=10) of learners participated in sports. They were expected to participate in the type of sports that were already offered at the school. No adapted sport was offered specifically for these learners. Most learners wanted to participate in swimming. Fewer types of sports were offered in ordinary schools than in special schools. Barriers to participation included poor teacher preparation and inadequate financial support. The shortage of support from school staff, occupational therapists and physiotherapists in addition to inadequate financial support needs to be addressed by the Department of Basic Education and Department of Sport and Recreation to enable the learners to participate in sports at ordinary schools.Key words: Sports, learners, disabilities, ordinary schools, barriers to participation.
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Nigeria - Nigeria State Education Sector Project : P096151 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 10 - Adekola, Olatunde Adetoyese (2011)
openalex: W2917351215 mag: 2917351215
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Paper-Based GIS: A Practical Answer to the Implementation of GIS Education into Resource-Poor Schools in South Africa - Breetzke, Gregory Dennis; Eksteen, Sanet Patricia; Pretorius, Erika (Journal of Geography, 2011)
Abstract Geographical information systems (GIS) were phased into the geography curriculum of South African schools from 2006–2008 as part of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) for grades 10–12. Since its introduction, GIS education in schools across the country has been met with a number of challenges including the cost of purchasing the hardware and software required to elucidate the basic concepts of GIS to learners. This article examines the introduction of GIS education in schools in South Africa. The development and distribution of a paper-based GIS educational package for resource-poor schools in the country is also highlighted. Preliminary educator and learner evaluations of the paper-based GIS package are discussed and the broader learning opportunities and benefits associated with flexible teaching mechanisms are examined.
openalex: W1546654539 mag: 1546654539
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Ethnic Matching, School Placement, and Mathematics Achievement of African American Students From Kindergarten Through Fifth Grade - Eddy, Colleen M.; Easton-Brooks, Donald (Urban Education, 2011)
Educators, administrators, and policymakers focus much attention on closing the achievement gap, and various approaches have been suggested. The present study focuses on one approach being suggested: student–teacher ethnic matching. The study focused on the long-term contributions of African American ethnic matching to mathematical test scores of 1,200 African American students from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Kindergarten—fifth data set. Employing a two-level growth model, this study of impact from student–teacher ethnic matching revealed that a student having at least one teacher who ethnically matched themselves between kindergarten and fifth grade had a significant impact on mathematics achievement.
openalex: W1990125105 mag: 1990125105
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Smoking among in-school adolescents in Dar Es Salam, Tanzania: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey - Kapito-Tembo, Atupele; Muula, Adamson S; Rudatsikira, Emmanuel; Siziya, Seter (Tanzania health research bulletin, 2011)
Using data from the 2003 Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), we assessed factors associated with current cigarette smoking among adolescents. We estimated frequencies and conducted logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of current cigarette smoking. Of the 1947 students included in the study, 1893 students indicated their gender of which 53.4% were females. Most (59.7%) students were in the 13-15 years age group. Some 13.3% (95% CI: 11.8%-14.9%) reported to have ever tried or experimented with cigarette smoking and 4% (63/1827) (95% CI: 2.5-4.2%) were current cigarette smokers. Factors that were associated with current cigarette smoking were being male, having a friend or parent who smoked, owning an item with a cigarette brand logo, having used other tobacco products other than cigarettes, having some pocket money and having been offered free cigarettes by a tobacco firm representative. Having discussed the harmful effects of smoking with a family member or in school, and exposure to pro-tobacco mass media were not associated with cigarette smoking. Many of the associated factors of cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Dar es Salaam are the same as those described previously from the developed nations. However, we found that tobacco-related mass media was not associated with current cigarette smoking. This finding may suggest that the media may not be exerting much influence in facilitating tobacco use in Tanzania.
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Factors associated with water borne diseases among pupils in Kiganjo Location Nyeri District Kenya - Kathugu, N. P. (2011)
openalex: W2572111866 mag: 2572111866
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Preparing for national school‐based deworming in Kenya: the validation and large‐scale distribution of school questionnaires with urinary schistosomiasis - Kihara, Jimmy; Mwandawiro, Charles; Waweru, Beth; Gitonga, Caroline W.; Brooker, Simon (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2011)
School questionnaires of self-reported schistosomiasis provide a rapid and simple approach for identifying schools at high risk of Schistosoma haematobium and requiring mass treatment. This study investigates the reliability of school questionnaires to identify such schools and infected children within the context of a national school-based deworming programme in Kenya.Between November 2008 and March 2009, 6182 children from 61 schools in Coast Province, Kenya were asked by an interviewer whether they had blood in urine or urinary schistosomiasis (kichocho), and their results were compared with results from microscopic examination of urine samples. Subsequently, in 2009, a school-based questionnaire survey for self-reported schistosomiasis was distributed by the Ministry of Education to all schools in Coast Province, and its results were compared against results from the parasitological survey. The questionnaire survey results were linked to a schools database and mapped.Prevalence of self-reported blood in urine was lower among girls than boys among all ages. The use of a 30% threshold of reported blood in urine was both highly sensitive (91.7%) and specific (100%) in identifying high (>50%) prevalence schools in Coast Province. Questionnaires were however less reliable in diagnosing S. haematobium infection in individuals, particularly among young girls. Comparable levels of reliability were observed when the questionnaire was distributed through the existing education systems and administered by class teachers.The results confirm that blood in urine questionnaires can be reliably used to target mass treatment with praziquantel at national scales. The mapped results of the Ministry of Education survey serve to describe the spatial variation of urinary schistosomiasis and identify schools requiring mass treatment.
openalex: W2132978855 mag: 2132978855
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Land use and climate change impacts on the hydrology of the upper Mara River Basin, Kenya: results of a modeling study to support better resource management - Mango, L. M.; Melesse, Assefa M.; McClain, Michael E.; Gann, Daniel; Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011)
Abstract. Some of the most valued natural and cultural landscapes on Earth lie in river basins that are poorly gauged and have incomplete historical climate and runoff records. The Mara River Basin of East Africa is such a basin. It hosts the internationally renowned Mara-Serengeti landscape as well as a rich mixture of indigenous cultures. The Mara River is the sole source of surface water to the landscape during the dry season and periods of drought. During recent years, the flow of the Mara River has become increasingly erratic, especially in the upper reaches, and resource managers are hampered by a lack of understanding of the relative influence of different sources of flow alteration. Uncertainties about the impacts of future climate change compound the challenges. We applied the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the response of the headwater hydrology of the Mara River to scenarios of continued land use change and projected climate change. Under the data-scarce conditions of the basin, model performance was improved using satellite-based estimated rainfall data, which may also improve the usefulness of runoff models in other parts of East Africa. The results of the analysis indicate that any further conversion of forests to agriculture and grassland in the basin headwaters is likely to reduce dry season flows and increase peak flows, leading to greater water scarcity at critical times of the year and exacerbating erosion on hillslopes. Most climate change projections for the region call for modest and seasonally variable increases in precipitation (5–10 %) accompanied by increases in temperature (2.5–3.5 °C). Simulated runoff responses to climate change scenarios were non-linear and suggest the basin is highly vulnerable under low (−3 %) and high (+25 %) extremes of projected precipitation changes, but under median projections (+7 %) there is little impact on annual water yields or mean discharge. Modest increases in precipitation are partitioned largely to increased evapotranspiration. Overall, model results support the existing efforts of Mara water resource managers to protect headwater forests and indicate that additional emphasis should be placed on improving land management practices that enhance infiltration and aquifer recharge as part of a wider program of climate change adaptation.
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Climate change and human disturbance of fynbos vegetation during the late Holocene at Princess Vlei, Western Cape, South Africa - Neumann, Frank; Scott, Louis; Bamford, Marion K. (The Holocene, 2011)
Pollen analysis of a core in Princess Vlei in the Fynbos Biome near Cape Town gives a 4150 year record of vegetation and climate changes followed by disturbance by colonial settlers since c. 300 years ago. Their impact replaced climate as a major factor in changing the vegetation. The chronology is based on eight radiocarbon dates. Pollen types such as Restionaceae, Ericaceae, and Proteaceae reflect changes in fynbos. Pollen indicators at the bottom of the core suggest drier conditions followed by an increase in Morella, Cyperaceae and Carpacoce pollen, which might indicate moist conditions c. 3400–2600 cal. yr BP. Drier conditions prevail c. 2600–1900 cal. yr BP. Apparent light disturbance after c. 2000 cal. yr BP might be attributed to Khoi herders. Deeper water and damp surroundings are indicated c. 1900–1000 cal. yr BP. The top of the core shows an increase of Poaceae while Restionaceae decrease with anthropogenic disturbance, including the introduction of neophytes such as Pinus ( c. 300 years ago) and Zea mays. Charcoal percentages point to intense fires after the arrival of the Europeans. Water between 105 and 75 cm indicates the development of a floating mat resulting from changes in the hydrological system possibly connected to disturbances by settlers.
openalex: W2055602499 mag: 2055602499
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Closing The Gap In Higher Education: African American Male College Students Perceptions Of Advising At A Two Year College - Aaron, Terry L. (2011)
openalex: W2730189886 mag: 2730189886
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Mapping Transparency,Accountability and Integrity in Primary Education in South Africa - Døssing, Helle; Mokeki, Letshego; Weideman, Marinda (2011)
openalex: W3206048752 mag: 3206048752
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The Role of Education in National Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Zimbabwe - Bhebhe, Philip (2011)
openalex: W837301253 mag: 837301253
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Climate Change and Women Farmers in Burkina Faso: Impact and adaptation policies and practices - González, Ana María Soto; Adama, Belemvire; Saulière, Saya (2011)
openalex: W2183060551 mag: 2183060551
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Emotional Intelligence and Positive Affect as Protective Factors AgainstBurnout in Syrian Teachers - Hallum, Suhair (2011)
openalex: W285997562 mag: 285997562
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Eritrea - Eritrea Education Sector Investment Project : P070272 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 19 - Hirshberg, Susan E. (2011)
openalex: W2916007510 mag: 2916007510
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Burkina Faso - Basic Education Sector Project : P000309 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 22 - Ouédraogo, Adama (2011)
openalex: W1866626214 mag: 1866626214
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Teachers' Support Strategies for Lower Achievers in Basic School in Ghana - Hayford, Samuel K.; Avoke, Selete (Multicultural learning and teaching, 2011)
Students in Basic schools in Ghana manifest diverse learning needs, which require innovative approaches to enable them to succeed in learning activities. The paper is part of a larger study conducted in Ghana, which used a range of data collecting methods including questionnaires, interviews with teachers and focus groups of below average students. This report focuses on data from semi-structured interviews with 12 basic (elementary-secondary) school teachers from two districts in the central region of Ghana. This paper explores strategies basic school teachers adopt to enhance successful participation of students who score below average and achieve lower attainments in regular classrooms in the country.
openalex: W2333413485 mag: 2333413485
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The Impact of Curriculum Innovations on Pre-Service Primary Teacher Education in Zambia - Kalimaposo, Kalisto (2011)
The study investigated the impact of curriculum innovations on pre-service primary teacher education in Zambia. The study collected views from teacher educators in Colleges of Education, educational administrators from Teacher Education Department, Curriculum Development Centre, Examinations Council of Zambia, Civil Society Organizations working in primary teacher education and eminent educationists in Zambia familiar with issues in teacher education. A descriptive survey design was used to carry out the research. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques. This design involved the use of questionnaires, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and analysis of documents. The questionnaire mainly used a Likert response format. The Likert format requested respondents to indicate whether they strongly agreed, agreed, disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statements posed in the questionnaire items. The study employed purposive and snow ball sampling procedures.The study found that curriculum innovations in pre-service primary teacher education in Zambia were too rapid. Most of the respondents interviewed 124 (89%) observed that curriculum innovations in pre-service teacher education in Zambia were too rapid. Most of the respondents strongly felt that the curriculum should be allowed to run a considerable period of time before it was phased out. It was noted that the curriculum innovations in pre-service primary teacher education appeared haphazard as there were too many programmes introduced within a short period. Most college lecturers and some eminent retired educationists noted that the Ministry of Education had tried six curriculum innovations since independence, and most of these curricula had been on experimental basis. It was observed that ad hoc changes dampened the professional morale of lecturers in colleges of education as college lecturers did not have enough time to familiarize themselves with the ever changing curriculum in teacher education. On the involvement of college lecturers and colleges of education in the curriculum innovation process, it was reported that colleges of education and lecturers were not consulted in the curriculum innovation process, some lecturers indicated that they were only involved in the curriculum innovation process in the final stages to rubber stamp the programme. Some key informants noted that innovations were brought as policy packages already decided upon by GRZ and the external funding agency. Lecturers complained that they were just being used as implementation conduits. It was noted that the MoE imposed curricula changes on colleges of education and lecturers who were opposed to changes were threatened to be disciplined. The study recommended that sporadic changes of the teacher education curriculum without evaluation of programmes should be discouraged as some changes appeared haphazard. In addition, monitoring and evaluation of teacher education programmes should be encouraged in order to generate vital information to foster research…
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Attitudes and Beliefs of African‐Americans Toward Genetics, Genetic Testing, and Sickle Cell Disease Education and Awareness - Long, Katie; Thomas, Stephen B.; Grubs, Robin E.; Gettig, Elizabeth; Krishnamurti, Lakshmanan (Journal of Genetic Counseling, 2011)
Abstract Research among African‐Americans indicates this population perceives sickle cell (SCD) to be a serious disease and sickle cell trait (SCT) screening an important intervention. However, studies have consistently demonstrated a lower than desired uptake of SCD education, inadequate knowledge regarding personal and family trait status, and a low perceived susceptibility of giving birth to a child with the disease. We examined general attitudes and beliefs regarding genetics and genetic testing including prenatal testing and newborn screening; we used this information as the foundation to more specifically assess attitudes and beliefs regarding SCD and perceived barriers to SCD education and awareness. Thirty‐five African‐American adult men and women participated in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis identified that both prenatal testing and newborn screening are acceptable forms of genetic testing. Based largely on their personal experiences, participants possessed an understanding of the natural progression of SCD but had a limited understanding of the inheritance and probable risk of giving birth to a child with the disease. Barriers to education and greater awareness of SCD were classified as personal, familial, and societal. Community based interventions focused on sharing the stories of individuals with first‐hand experiences with SCD should be considered.
openalex: W2084296450 mag: 2084296450
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Intra-plate magmatism of the Al Haruj volcanic field, Libya - Nixon, Sarah (2011)
openalex: W2781995334 mag: 2781995334
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Place of a Realistic Teacher Education Pedagogy in an ICT-Supported Learning Environment in Distance Teacher Education in Uganda - Basaza, Gudula Naiga (Journal of science and sustainable development, 2011)
This article is based on a study undertaken to examine the impact of introducing a realistic teacher education pedagogy (RTEP) oriented learning environment supported by ICT on distance teacher education in Uganda.It gives an overview of the quality, quantity and training of teachers in primary and secondary schools in the country after which it positions distance learning in teacher education.Using the evidence gathered, it suggests solutions to challenges facing distance teacher education in the country.It is argued that the solutions may be relevant to distance teacher education worldwide.
openalex: W2120471935 mag: 2120471935
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Studies on the mycoflora associated with sugarcane factory waste and pollution of River Nile in upper Egypt - El‐Said, A. H. M.; Sohair, T. H. (Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2011)
Sixty-nine species and four varieties that belong to 28 genera of terrestial fungi were recovered from polluted and non-polluted water and mud samples on glucose and cellulose-Czapek's agar at 28°C. The most common species from the two substrates on the two types of media were Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A.niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella tassiana and Penicillium chrysogenum. Twenty-six species belonging to 14 genera were isolated from polluted (26 species and 14 genera) and non-polluted (17species and 10 genera) mud samples on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 28°C. The most prevalent species were Acremonium retiulum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aphanoascus fulvescens, A. terreus, Aphanoascus sp., Penicillium funiculosum and Stachybotrys chartarum.
openalex: W2118523029 mag: 2118523029
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Factors influencing teacher interventions for primary school pupils with slow learning in Kasarani division, Nairobi, Kenya - Kamunge, Jane Wangeci (2011)
openalex: W2561985151 mag: 2561985151
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Determinants of juvenile delinquency development among pupils in Machakos rehabilitation school, Kenya - Kikuvi, Nzioka Robert (2011)
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Challenges to effective learning of English braille for pupils with visual impairments in intergrated primary schools in Bomet District in Kenya - Kimeto, Cheruiyot Andrew (2011)
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Classroom interaction patterns of teachers of physics in secondary school in Nairobi province, Kenya - Masika, Martin Wekesa (2011)
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Nature and prevalance of learning diasbilities among standard three primary school pupils in Starehe division of Nairobi province, Kenya - Rasungu, K.O Grace (2011)
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Gender Equality in the Staff Composition of Higher Learning Institutions in Uganda: Gaps and Possibilities with Specific Reference to Uganda Martyrs University - Ssentongo, Jimmy Spire (Journal of science and sustainable development, 2011)
This paper analyses gender equality in the composition of Uganda Martyrs University (UMU) staff-as of the close of 2008.The analysis focuses on the University's policy and its implications for gender equality; the composition of the University's staff by gender; and explanation of the possible reasons underlying the gender setting in the University.The paper employs Turner (1986)'s typology of equality in analysing equality.This is backed by social interactions approaches, which serve as the theoretical framework.Data were collected through informal interviews with staff of the University; observation; and analysis of the UMU Personnel Handbook 2008/2009 and the UMU Staff List as of 2008.The findings were that contrary to stereotypical exemptions of women from high positions in society, women occupy key positions in the University's structure.Notwithstanding, representation of women in top management is far less than that of men and the composition of some job categories in the University's establishment is indicative of the gender stereotyping typical of the Ugandan society.Like many institutions of higher education in Uganda, the University has no gender policy but mainly runs on an equal opportunities policy.Recommendations towards the resolution of these gaps are made.
openalex: W2003848710 mag: 2003848710
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Quality of life and visual function in Nigeria: findings from the National Survey of Blindness and Visual Impairment - Tran, H. M.; Abdull, Mohammed M; Selvaraj, Sudhakar; Gudlavalleti, Murthy V. S.; Gilbert, Clare; Shah, Shreya; Ezelum, Christian; Abubakar, Tafida; Bankole, O. O. (British journal of ophthalmology, 2011)
To assess associations of visual function (VF) and quality of life (QOL) by visual acuity (VA), causes of blindness and types of cataract procedures in Nigeria.Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to identify a nationally representative sample of persons aged ≥ 40 years. VF/QOL questionnaires were administered to participants with VA <6/60 in one or both eyes and/or Mehra-Minassian cataract grade 2B or 3 in one or both eyes and a random sample of those with bilateral VA ≥ 6/12.VF/QOL questionnaires were administered to 2076 participants. Spearman's rank correlation showed a strong correlation between decreasing VA and VF/QOL scores (p<0.0001) with greatest impact on social (p<0.0001) and mobility-related activities (p<0.0001). People who were blind due to glaucoma had lower VF and QOL scores than those who were blind due to cataract. Mean VF and QOL scores were lower after couching compared with conventional cataract surgery (mean VF score=51.0 vs 63.0 and mean QOL score=71.3 vs 79.3). Finally, VF and QOL scores were lower among populations with specific characteristics.Populations with the following characteristics should be targeted to improve VF and QOL: people who are blind, older people, women, manual labourers, people living in rural areas, those living in the northern geopolitical zones, those practising Islamic and Traditionalism faith, those not currently married and those who have undergone couching.
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UWSSLEC LibGuides: Ancient Egypt: For Students - Hosemann, Robin (2011)
Explore books, other media, and web resources about the fascinating civilization of Ancient Egypt.
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UWSSLEC LibGuides: Ancient Egypt: For Teachers - Hosemann, Robin (2011)
Explore books, other media, and web resources about the fascinating civilization of Ancient Egypt.
openalex: W2602738637 mag: 2602738637
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Sudan - Multidonor Rehabilitation Education Project : P097962 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 09 - Welmond, Michel J. (2011)
openalex: W1682429643 mag: 1682429643
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Soil transmitted helminths and schistosoma mansoni infections among school children in zarima town, northwest Ethiopia - Alemu, Abebe; Atnafu, Asmamaw; Addis, Zelalem; Shiferaw, Yitayal; Teklu, Takele; Mathewos, Biniam; Birhan, Wubet; Gebretsadik, Simon; Gelaw, Baye (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2011)
In Ethiopia, because of low quality drinking water supply and latrine coverage, helminths infections are the second most predominant causes of outpatient morbidity. Indeed, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia, special in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of soil transmitted helminths and intestinal Schistosomiasis. Cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 school children of Zarima town from April 1 to May 25, 2009. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and possible risk factors exposure. Early morning stool samples were collected and a Kato Katz semi concentration technique was used to examine and count parasitic load by compound light microscope. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS-15 version and p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Out of 319 study subjects, 263 (82.4%) of the study participants infected with one or more parasites. From soil transmitted helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant isolate (22%) followed by Hookworms (19%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5%). Schistosoma mansoni was also isolated in 37.9% of the study participants. Hookworm and S. mansoni infections showed statistically significant associations with shoe wearing and swimming habit of school children, respectively. Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) and S.mansoni was high and the diseases were still major health problem in the study area which alerts public health intervention as soon as possible.
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Fallou Ngom and Roger Brisson leading a digitization training at West African Research Center in Senegal - Ngom, Fallou; Brisson, Roger (2011)
This project (EAP 334) was funded by the British Library's Endangered Archives Programme .
openalex: W3215391345 mag: 3215391345
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Human host preference of Anopheles mosquitoes collected from students hostels in a Nigerian university - Okwa, OO; Bello, B. A.; Olundegun, S. A. (South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011)
Human host preference of female Anopheles mosquitoes collected from studenthostels of the Lagos State University (LASU) in south Ã¢â‚¬Â western, Nigeriawas determined. Two hundred and seventy two (272) mosquitoes were collectedindoors out of which 219 (80.5%) female Anopheles were identifiedusing morphological characters. One hundred and thirty five (61.6%) femaleswere collected from male hostels whereas 84 (38.3%) were collected fromfemale hostels ( X2= 11.86 P<0.05). Engorged female Anopheles was identifiedby their swollen abdomens. The blood meals were analyzed using directenzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods . From the male hostels,human blood index (HBI) was low as out of 94 blood meals analyzed,only two (2.1%) fed on human , 2 on rats (2.1%), 4 (4.2%) on goat and fifteen(15.9%) were having mixed blood of rat, goat and human, whereas theremaining 61(64.8%) were not found fed on either of these host. The HBI ofAnopheles Anopheles collected from male and female hostels respectively (X2=8.64 P<0.05.) The result suggested that female students were more attractedto anthropophagic Anopheles, and therefore more vulnerable to acquiremalaria infection.collected from female hostels was significantly higher as 37(63.9%) mosquitoes were found fed on human, with 2 (3.4%) having mixedblood of human , rat and goat. The study indicated HBI of 18% and 67.2%from
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Language policy and planning in Education. The case of Amazigh (Berber) in Morocco : from sociolinguistic and didactic choices to their implementation - Abouzaïd, Myriam (2011)
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Effect of fruiting on some micronutrients, antinutrients and toxic substances in Corchorus olitorius grown in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria | Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Open Education Resources (OER) - Musa, Amanabo; Oladiran, Johnson A.; Ezenwa, Matthew I. S.; Ogbadoyi, Emmanuel O.; Akanya, Helmina O. (2011)
openalex: W3021517638 mag: 3021517638
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Outbreak of Tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar - Carod, Jean-François; Ratsitorahina, M.; Raherimandimby, Hasina; Vitrat, Virginie; Andrianaja, Vololomboahangy Ravaolimalala; Contet‐Audonneau, N. (Journal of infection in developing countries (Online), 2011)
Tinea capitis is common among schoolchildren in developing countries but underreported in Madagascar. We report the occurrence of an outbreak of gray patch tinea capitis due to Microsporum langeronii in a public primary school of Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar.Forty-two children were included, 27 (64%) of them presenting with tinea capitis and 32 (76%) with Tinea corporis. Patients were treated with griseofulvin 500 mg and Povidone-iodine 4% and followed up for four weeks.Twenty-five (93%) of the 27 children with tinea capitis presented a gray patch as the main clinical feature. All these cases were fluorescent under Wood's UV light and positive in cultures for M. langeronii. All 27 children reported a contact with infected classmates, and 19 (70%) reported to have infected brothers and sisters at home. After four weeks of treatment, all patients recovered.Appropriate treatment and improved hygienic practices reduced the occurrence of tinea in the studied school and no more cases of tinea capitis or corporis occurred after the outbreak.
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Teaching Corner: Adult Asthma in Malawi - Coleman, Matthew (Malawi medical journal, 2011)
Asthma affects millions of people worldwide. It is often considered to be benign and is therefore under-diagnosed and under-treated. In fact asthma can be a very serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Most of the deaths are in patients over the age of 45 and many deaths could have been prevented with prompt medical treatment and good long term care1. The exact incidence of asthma in Malawi is unknown but it is a common clinical diagnosis. Recognising and treating asthma appropriately will save lives.
openalex: W2054500054 mag: 2054500054
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Low folate status and indoor pollution are risk factors for endemic optic neuropathy in Tanzania - Hodson, Katherine; Bowman, Richard; Mafwiri, Milka; Wood, Mark; Mhoro, Vincent; Cox, Sharon E. (British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2011)
Aims Bilateral optic neuropathy in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania was first reported as an epidemic in 1988. Now argued to be endemic in 2010, the aetiology remains unclear. The authors investigated the hypothesis that low folate and vitamin B_12 status are associated with optic neuropathy, and also sought to investigate whether mercury, commonly used drugs, dietary factors and indoor pollution may also be risk factors. Methods 57 cases and 102 controls were recruited from two tertiary referral centres in Dar-es-Salaam. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, diet, medication history and HIV status. Folate and vitamin B_12 (holo-transcobalamin) were measured in stored serum samples. Exposure to mercury was assessed from concentrations in random urine samples. Results Cooking indoors more than twice per week (OR 54.48 (95% CI 9.30 to 319.10)) and indoor use of charcoal or firewood (OR 21.20 (95% CI 2.51 to 179.36)) increased the risk of optic neuropathy. Risk was reduced in those with a higher folate status (highest versus lowest quartile OR=0.11 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.51)) and higher protein intakes (OR=0.84 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.96). No association was found with mercury exposure or any common drug or food commodity. Conclusion This study presents the first direct evidence of low folate status and indoor pollution in the aetiology of endemic bilateral optic neuropathy in Tanzania.
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Nairobi province, Kenya - Kamau, JW; Wanderi, MP; Njororai, Wws; Wamukoya, EK (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide and has implications for a variety of diseases. This has been due to various causes such as poor nutrition, inactivity or both. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 10-15 years in Nairobi province, Kenya. The study was carried out in two phases. A cross-sectional design was used in the first phase to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI. The subjects in this phase included 2,620 males and 2,705 females aged 10-15 years in both private and public schools. A classic experimental design which involved an experimental group (48 pupils) and a control group (21 pupils) was then used for the second phase of the study, which involved further assessment of overweight and obesity using bioelectrical impedance analysis and skin fold measures. Data were analysed using percentiles, correlations, paired sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests and one way analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Post hoc tests using Tukey HSD were applied to determine inter-group differences upon obtaining significant F ratios. The results indicated that out of the 1,479 pupils in private schools 103 (6.9%) were obese while 245 (16.7%) were overweight. On the other hand, out of the 3,846 pupils in public schools 62 (1.6%) were obese, while 220 (5.7%) were overweight. Among the 2,620 male subjects, 170 (6.5%) were overweight while 67 (2.6%) of them were obese. The results also showed that out of the total 2,760 female pupils, 295 (10.9%) were overweight while 98 (3.6%) were obese. These results showed that overweight and obesity are prevalent among primary school children aged 10-15 years in Nairobi, Kenya. The results further showed significant differences in body composition between boys and girls (p.0.05) with female pupils being more susceptible to overweight and obesity as indicated by higher mean BMI scores compared to their male counterparts. The study therefore recommended that similar assessments in other cities of Kenya as well as among the older individuals above 15 years and younger population below 10 years be conducted so as to indicate the big picture of overweight and obesity in Kenya. Additionally the study recommended that studies focusing on the major factors influencing overweight and obesity amongst children in Nairobi province be assessed. This will help in forming the basis for prevention and management of overweight and obesity.
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The effect of a sport development programme on sprinting and long jump abilities among 10-15 year old black girls from farm schools in the North West Province, South Africa - Kruger, Ankebé; Pienaar, Anita E. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
Development of previously disadvantaged communities was identified in South Afria (SA) as a national priority and sport was indicated to be part of such a strategy. Farm schools are among the poorest with regards to financial resources and physical structures in SA and consequently learners are confronted with many constraints regarding sport participation. The aim of this study was to develop a sport development programme for sprinting and long jump that is time effective and requires inexpensive equipment for 10-15 year old black children from farm schools. A pre-test/post-test 2-group research design was used. All girls between the ages 10 and 15 from 2 schools (N=66) who consented to participate in the study were tested by means of the Australian Talent Search protocol and the most talented girls (top 30%) in each school were selected by rank order for further testing by means of a sport specific test battery for the motor abilities underlying successful participation in sprint and long jump. The intervention group (n=19) underwent a development programme for ten weeks conducted twice a week for 1.5 hours and their results were compared to that of a control group (n=18) who did not follow a development programme. The results were analysed by means of independent t-testing and the practical significance of differences was determined by means of effect size. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was performed to adjust for pre-testing differences. The intervention programme contributed to improved motor and physical abilities important for performance in both sprints and long jump, namely: flexibility, explosive power, muscle endurance, reaction time, speed, speed endurance, acceleration and long jump. The development programme can successfully develop motor abilities important for successful participation in sprinting and long jump despite various limitations South African farm schools have to deal with.
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What do Malawi Polytechnic first year students know and do about HIV and AIDS? - Kumwenda, Save; Kambala, Christabel; Mwendera, C; Kalulu, Khumbo (Malawi medical journal, 2011)
The Polytechnic introduced a "WHY WAIT?" course to equip first year students with skills to help reduce transmission of Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV). Training is conducted during the first week of arrival at college. The study aimed to explore existing knowledge, beliefs and attitudes in order to tailor the training programme to students' needs.This was a cross sectional study. During first day of arrival, first year students available on campus were given a structured self-administered questionnaire which was filled and submitted before the course. Out of 320 questionnaires distributed, 295 were returned representing 92% response rate.Ten percent (30) had more than one girlfriend or boyfriend. Ninety-seven percent (286) indicated that condoms are not 100% effective towards prevention of HIV while 72% (169) reported that they had never had sexual intercourse before. Of 66 students who had had sexual intercourse before, 30% indicated that they used condoms always during sexual intercourse, 40% used it occasionally while 30% never used condoms. Thirty-two percent (94) reported having an HIV test before and 19% (56) would feel uncomfortable to share a room with an HIV infected person.The Polytechnic first year students have varying knowledge and practices about HIV and AIDS. There is need to intensify "WHY WAIT?" course to first years during first week at College to help equip them with necessary knowledge and skills to protect themselves against HIV and AIDS.
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Teaching Corner: A new method of measuring mid upper arm circumference at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital, Blantyre, Malawi - Pollach, Gregor; Mndolo, Samson Kwazizira (Malawi medical journal, 2011)
Pediatric anesthesia faces many challenges in Africa. Lack of personnel, equipment and late presentation are some of them. In Malawi malnutrition is another challenge. One in five children is underweight in Malawi. It is therefore necessary for the anaesthetist practising in the Malawian setting to be aware of the effects of malnutrition on their practice.
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The effect of providing resuscitation training to front-line staff on rates of maternal and trauma mortality in two health districts in Malawi - Schnittger, Tom; Downie, Paul; Pollach, Gregor (Malawi medical journal, 2011)
Background and Goals Malawi has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, between 8071 to 11202 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, per year. Only 31% of children born to mothers who die in the peri-partum period survive infancy3. It is Malawian government policy to actively encourage women to deliver in either health centres or hospitals with a skilled attendant. However a considerable number of women still deliver in villages with no skilled attendant. Malawi, in common with much of Africa, also has a very high Road Traffic Accident fatality rate at 26 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants per year; the comparable figure for The Netherlands is 4.1.4 A district hospital usually only has 1-2 doctors on staff, a health centre none. Care is provided by nurse midwives or medical assistants (three years training) or clinical officers (four years training). The three day High Dependency, Obstetrics and Trauma management (HOT) training program evolved over a number of years to provide knowledge and skills to first responders at health centre and district hospital level. The course focuses on effective management of women with obstetric emergencies and also trauma patients, especially road traffic accident (RTA) victims. The course has been run sixteen times since 2005 and a total of 391 health care workers have successfully completed training. We set out to evaluate whether this training has impacted on care and maternal (MMR) and trauma (TMR) mortality rates. Table 1 Basic Statistics
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Handball learning with Tunisian and French girls : the contribution of verbalization - Zerai, Zeineb (2011)
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EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING PREPARATIONS ON MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT: THE CASE OF KENYA - Amadalo, Maurice Musasia; Wasike, Duncan; Wambua, Joseph Mulei (Problems of education in the 21st century, 2011)
Despite playing a central role in peoples’ daily life, the average Kenyan secondary school students’ mathematics score in national examinations has consistently averaged below 40%. The contribution of teachers’ lesson preparations and subsequent delivery leading to this poor result has not been investigated sufficiently in Kenyan secondary schools. This is especially so for topics deemed to be difficult. The present study investigated the effect of teacher preparations when teaching the topic “Vectors” to form three secondary school students. The instructional plans impact on achievement as well as on skills performance in Mathematics formed the objectives of the study. The Solomon- four experimental design was adopted. Professionally drawn Instructional Plans provided the treatment. Students’ achievement was determined using a Mathematics Achievement Test, MAT. The study determined that the use of the instructional plans improved students’ achievement and skill performance compared to the control group. Consequently use of instructional plans when teaching mathematics was recommended for improved students’ achievement. Emphasis on students’ stepwise skill performance rather than insistence on acquisition of correct answers during problem solution in mathematics was recommended. Key words: mathematics achievement, mathematics lesson preparations, skill performance, vector operations.
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Student evaluation of e‐service quality criteria in Uganda: the case of automatic teller machines - Katono, Isaac Wasswa (International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2011)
Purpose This study aims to identify the most important e‐service quality evaluation dimensions in an emerging market context, focusing specifically on automatic teller machines (ATMs). Design/methodology/approach The study employs a triangulation approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods based on a convenience sample composed mainly of students at Uganda Christian University. Instrument development was based on the results of a qualitative study. The psychometric properties of this instrument were assessed using exploratory factor analysis followed by cross‐validation using confirmatory factor analysis. This was followed by hierarchical linear regression to identify the most important dimensions of e‐service quality. Findings The study establishes that tangibles, card issues, reliability and location are the most important student service quality evaluation dimensions of ATMs in Uganda. Research limitations/implications The study utilized a convenience sample of mainly college age students; however, many of them are working and engaged in business activities. Practical implications Managers should consider the identified dimensions when designing an ATM network to encourage usage of ATM facilities and decongest their banks. Originality/value This study is one of the few of its nature in an emerging market context.
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FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSITION RATES FROM PRIMARY TO SECONDARY SCHOOLS: THE CASE OF KENYA - Kikechi, Ronald Werunga; Musera, Geoffrey; Sindabi, Oliver (Problems of education in the 21st century, 2011)
Kenya envisages being a developed nation by 2030. This calls for increased transition rates from primary to secondary school in all districts to meet its anticipated middle and high level manpower requirements. However, transition rates from primary to secondary school in some districts remain low despite the government effort to offer tuition free secondary education. This has been attributed to a number of factors among them cultural, environmental, school-based or socio-economic factors. This is a cause of concern if the government has to meet Vision 2030 as well as MDGs by 2015. This paper reports on factors affecting transition rates from primary to secondary school in Taita Taveta district, Kenya. A sample of 144 respondents consisting of 88 parents and 56 primary school head teachers in the district were used. The main tools of data collection were a questionnaire and interview schedule. Data analysis involved the use of percentages and a Chi- square. The results indicate that an average of 40% of pupils fail to transits to secondary schools every year in the district and the most affected are girls. The main reasons for non transition are lack of funds to pay school levies, early marriages, long distance to school and lack of interest in schooling. There is thus need for the government to introduce incentives such as additional allocations to the poor, include secondary education as basic education, empower the locals through poverty eradication strategies and review the curriculum to make it more responsive to students’ interests. Key words: cultural factors, environmental factors, school-based factors, socio-economic factors, transition rate.
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EDUCATION AND POVERTY, RELATIONSHIP AND CONCERNS. A CASE FOR KENYA - Maiyo, J.K.; Bawane, Jyoti (Problems of education in the 21st century, 2011)
Poverty has many dimensions and does not merely entail low levels of income or expenditure. According to Sen (1992), poverty is the lack of capability to function effectively in society. Inadequate education can thus be considered a form of poverty. Education is widely accepted as the main exit route from poverty. It is the backbone of growth and development of individuals and the nation. However, its achievement continues to elude many who are poverty stricken. This paper articulates the issues of education and poverty which is related to that of chicken-egg relationships. The study used secondary data from eight provinces in Kenya. The study correlated the poverty headcount with the educational indicators. It emerged from the data that provinces which had less poverty levels (Central-30.4% and Nairobi 29.5%) experienced high literacy rate, high enrolment and low dropout rate, while regions which had higher levels of poverty headcount (North Eastern-73.9% and Coast-69.7%) experienced low literacy rates, and poor academic performance. The study Concluded that extreme poor are denied access to education, poverty hampers learning in developing countries through poor nutrition, health, home circumstances, quality, costs and inadequate resources for education. The study recommends the government to introduce/re-introduce/strengthen school feeding programme, subsidize school uniform and address the issues of opportunity cost for the extreme poor among others. Key words: education, economic growth, poverty, relationship.
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Mathematical Counterstory and African American Male Students: Urban Mathematics Education From a Critical Race Theory Perspective - Terry, Clarence L. (Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 2011)
In this article, the author argues that the persistent underachievement of many African American male students in urban school districts requires pedagogical interventions designed to re-engage and re-orient students to mathematics as a critical cultural activity. While counterstory, a critical race theory construct, has wide application across educational research, few researchers have explored its relevance for urban mathematics education. Here, the author provides a grounded operationalization of counterstory by examining the pedagogy embedded in African American narrative on literacy. Using data from a participatory action research project involving male African Americans in South Los Angeles, the author then demonstrates how counterstory is embedded in the mathematical activity associated with graphical representation and trend analysis of data. Through the theorized approach to counterstory presented, the author provides useful direction for education researchers interested in counterstory, and for mathematics educators attempting to broaden their pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning mathematics.
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Experience of sexual coercion and risky sexual behavior among Ugandan university students - Agardh, Anette; Odberg-Pettersson, Karen; Östergren, Per-Olof (BMC Public Health, 2011)
Growing worldwide evidence shows that the experience of sexual coercion is fairly prevalent among young people and is associated with risky sexual behavior thereafter. The causal mechanisms behind this are unclear but may be dependent on specific contextual determinants. Little is known about factors that could buffer the negative effects of coercion. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the experience of sexual coercion and risky sexual behavior among university students of both sexes in Uganda.In 2005, 980 (80%) out of a total of 1,220 students enrolled in Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda participated in a self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic and religious factors, social capital, mental health, alcohol use, and sexual behavior. A validated scale of six items was used to assess the experience of sexual coercion. Logistic regression analyses were applied to control for confounders. Potential buffering factors were analyzed by testing for effect modification.Fifty-nine percent of those who responded had previously had sexual intercourse. Among the male students 29.0%, and among the female students 33.1% reported having had some experience of sexual coercion. After controlling for age, gender, and educational level of household of origin, role of religion and trust in others sexual coercion was found to be statistically significantly associated with previously had sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI; 1.1-2.3), early sexual debut (OR 2.4, 95% CI; 1.5-3.7), as well as with having had a great number of sexual partners (OR 1.9, 95% CI; 1.2-3.0), but not with inconsistent condom use.Scoring low on an assessment of mental health problems, reporting high trust in others, or stating that religion played a major role in one's family of origin seemed to buffer the negative effect that the experience of sexual coercion had on the likelihood of having many sexual partners.The findings of this study suggest that the experience of sexual coercion is common among youth/young adults in Uganda and is subsequently associated with risky sexual behavior in both sexes. The existence of individual and contextual factors that buffer the effects mentioned was also demonstrated. In the Ugandan context, this has implications for policy formulation and the implementation of preventive strategies for combating HIV/AIDS.
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The drop out experience of basic school children in rural Ghana: implications for universal basic education policy - Ananga, Eric Daniel (2011)
One of the key issues surrounding participation in basic schooling is the phenomenon of school dropout. Dropout is known not as a single event but a process that is not well understood. The rationale for this thesis argues that unless the dropout process is understood, there will be no meaningful intervention to curb it. This study therefore explores the dropout experience of basic school children in Ghana. In the context of this exploratory study, informed by the concerns of achieving education for all children by the year 2015, I sought to gain insight into the processes that lead children to drop out of school, how dropout occurs, the manifestation of dropout and the policy implications of dropout for free compulsory universal basic education in Ghana. The research inquiry is guided by two main research questions: what are the experiences of dropout children? And how is school dropout manifested? Specifically, the research questions sought to explore children‘s understanding and interpretation of dropout, how dropout occurred; what conditions within and outside school do children regard as responsible for their dropping out, and what the implications of the findings are for universalising universal basic education in Ghana. In exploring the experience of dropout children, I tracked 18 children who had initial access to basic education but stopped schooling at some point for their stories. I used multiple methods of data collection, viz. in-depth interviews, observations, photographs and school records. From the data gathered, the following are the main findings of the study: Concerning the dropout process, children experience dropout first as temporary—sporadic, event and cohort based on their economic survival needs and later permanently—unsettled and settled as a result of becoming significantly overage and the diminished value of schooling. Conditions both within school – teacher factor, school practices and processes, and outside – poverty, opportunity cost of schooling, networks among children to encourage dropout by pushing and/or pulling children out of school. As a process, pupils go through three phases – disadvantage, disaffection and disappearance to become school dropouts. It is argued that, to prevent pupils from dropping out of school and to encourage children who already dropped out to return to school. Education policy would have to focus more on addressing the peculiar needs of children who show sights of entering the dropout process. Also, it is necessary to differentiate out of school children – dropouts from out of school children –never enrolled when designing and implementing interventions for universalising basic education.
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Effects of climate change on Rwandan smallholder agriculture - Paix, Mupenzi Jean de la; Bao, Anming; Li, Lanhai; Ge, J.; Habiyaremye, Gabriel (African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011)
Considering the current impacts of climate change in the study area, it is concluded that farmers need external help and support to effectively cope with changing climate and to adapt to current and future climate change. Climate plays a central role in agriculture, which is the main stay of the Rwandan economy and community livelihood. Rwanda has experienced the irregularities of rainfall but the impact of climate has no significance on crop production. Key words: Climate change, smallholder agriculture, Rwanda.
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The contribution of student perceptions of school climate to understanding the disproportionate punishment of African American students in a middle school - Shirley, Erica L. M.; Cornell, Dewey G. (School Psychology International, 2011)
This study investigated the contribution of student perceptions of school climate to racial differences in school discipline. Four hundred middle school students completed a school climate survey. Compared to Caucasian students, African-American students were referred to the office for discipline three times as frequently and received five times as many suspensions. Regression analyses examined the extent to which differences in school punishment could be attributed to racial differences in experiences of school climate. African-American students were more likely than Caucasian students to report that their peers supported aggressive behavior and less likely to express willingness to seek help from their teachers for bullying and threats of violence. School climate differences explained 8% of the variance in discipline referrals. Race remained a significant predictor ( β = −0.29, p < 0.001) but was reduced from 11% to 8% after accounting for school climate.
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School Facilities and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Agricultural Science in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Owoeye, Joseph Sunday; Yara, Philias Olatunde (Asian social science, 2011)
The study looked at the provision of facilities as it relates to academic performance of students in agricultural science in Ekiti state of Nigeria between 1990 and 1997.The study population was results of the West African School Certificate Examinations (WASCE) conducted between 1990 and 1997 in 50 secondary schools in both rural and urban areas of the state.One validated instrument (S TQF ) was used for data collection.One hypothesis was formulated and answered.Data were analysed using mean and t -test.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the performance of students between rural and urban secondary schools in term of availability of library facilities (t = 1.79, p<0.05), availability of textbooks (t= 1.20; p <0.05) and availability of laboratory facilities (t= 1.83, p<0.05).It has been established that facilities are potent to high academic achievement of students; therefore, Ekiti State Government should provide adequate material resources to rural/urban locations to enhance teaching and learning processes.The Parent Teacher Association (PTA), philanthropist and other charitable organizations are also implored to compliment the effort of the government to boost the performance of students in SSCE.
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Exploring the Experiences of African American students with learning disabilities in the post-secondary setting - Williams, George Z. (2011)
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CLIMATE CHANGE/ ENVIRONMENT: North Africa (Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 2011)
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 48, Issue 5 p. 19117C-19118A ECONOMIC TRENDS CLIMATE CHANGE/ ENVIRONMENT: North Africa First published: 01 July 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.03933.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue5July 2011Pages 19117C-19118A RelatedInformation
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First ever CSR training in Ghana! (PACEsetterS, 2011)
PACEsetterS: July 2011 - Volume 8 - Issue 3 - p 48 doi: 10.1097/01.JBI.0000405552.08838.93
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RICE: African Training (Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 2011)
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 48, Issue 5 p. 19139B-19139C AGRICULTURAL RICE: African Training First published: 01 July 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.03963.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue5July 2011Pages 19139B-19139C RelatedInformation
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Model of E-Reading Process for E-School Book in Libya - Abubaker, Azza; Lu, Zhongyu (International journal of information retrieval research, 2011)
Defining the stages which the reader follows when reading e-resources is one of several factors which can provide significant insights into actual reading behaviours and cognitive processes of readers. Two different samples of students who study in Libyan primary schools, aged 9 to 12, were selected to investigate how students use and interact with both print and digital school books, identify the e-reading process, outline the aims of using the internet and technology, and define what students like and dislike in both versions. Furthermore, students found using the e-textbook to be more difficult than paper book and a significant difference is found in the reading process between paper books and electronic books. In addition, two reading strategies were used to read school book in both versions (electronic and paper): (1) view the text then answer the questions, or (2) view the questions than search for the correct answers.
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Trend of diabetic admissions in Tikur Anbessa and St. Paul's University Teaching Hospitals from January 2005-December 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. - Adem, Amir; Demis, Tilahun; Feleke, Yeweyenhareg (PubMed, 2011)
The prevalence of diabetes has been shown to increase especially in developing countries, over the last decades.We investigated the trend of diabetic admissions, indications, chronic complications, comorbidities and outcomes in Ethiopian diabetic patients.A retrospective study was conducted in all diabetic admissions at the Department of Internal Medicine of Tikur Anbessa and St. Paul's Specialized University teaching hospitals from January 2005-December 2009. Data were collected from medical records, diabetic clinic registries, admissions, discharges and death certificates using structured questionnaires.Total of 724 admissions, 51.7% males and 48.3%females were analyzed Among them 375 (51.8%) patients were Type-1 diabetes, 345 (47.6%) were Type 2 diabetes and the rest three were associated with Hyperthyroidism, and one with Cushing's syndrome. The median and mean age was 27.5 years, 30.1 +/- 12.6 years and 56.00 years, 55.1 +/- 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001) for Types 1 and 2 Diabetes respectively. The median and mean duration of diabetes for Type 1 before admission was 6.00, 8.7 +/- 7.6 and for Type 2 was 10.00, 11.3 +/- 7.5.years (p < 0.001). The admission rate increased serially from 51 (7.1%) patients in year 2005 to 86 (12.0%) in 2006, 144 (20.0%) in 2007, 193 (26.8%) in 2008 and 245 (34.1%) in 2009. There was no statistical significance difference between the types of diabetes (P = 0. 73, X2 = 2.0). Eleven percent and 3.6% were admitted twice and three times respectively. Commonest cause for admission was Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) (71.1%), followed by who had infections (36.3%). Among those with infection, pneumonia occurred in 67 (9.9%), UTI occurred in 55 (8.1%), diabetic foot ulcer in 70 (9.7%), tuberculosis in 42 (5.5%) other infections in 10 (1.4%) of patients. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occurred in 126 (18.4%) and Hypertension was found in 250 (34%), hypoglycemia in 1.2% diabetic patients. Diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy accounted 32% 15.5% and 12.4% respectively. Of total deaths (10.6%), CVD accounted for 28% infections for 14.8% and DKA for 5.8% In each year of the studied period, DKA persisted to be the leading cause for admission followed by infections.This study showed the serial increment of diabetic admissions over the study period Commonest causes for admission were DKA followed by infection and cardiovascular diseases. Mainly Cardiovascular diseases were the leading causes of death in hospitalized diabetic patients. So we recommend the. health policy makers to be alarmed of the growing magnitude of Diabetes Mellitus and strengthen methods of prevention and control of Diabetes Mellitus and associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Dental status of patients with mental disorders in a Nigerian teaching hospital: a preliminary survey - Adeniyi, Adekunle Oyeyemi; Ola, Bolanle; Edeh, Christopher E.; Ogunbanjo, B O; Adewuya, Abiodun O. (Special Care in Dentistry, 2011)
ABSTRACT Although individuals with mental disorders are reported to experience dental problems similar to the general population, evidence suggests they actually have higher risks of dental disease and increased oral health needs. This study describes the dental status of 105 psychiatric outpatients in a Nigerian hospital. Information was obtained from subject interviews, medical records, and an oral examination to determine their dental caries and periodontal disease status. The oral hygiene status of the study participants was poor; the mean oral hygiene index score was 2.7 ± 1.20. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth ranged from 0 to 9 with a mean of 2.3 ± 2.28. Only five subjects (4.9%) had restorations and the mean number of filled teeth was .14 ± .67. The subjects’ age was significantly related to the mean oral hygiene score ( p = .005), the mean gingival score ( p = .006), and caries occurrence ( p = .047). The oral health status of psychiatric patients in Nigeria is poor, indicating the need to provide oral health education and increase access to dental care for these patients.
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Infrastructure Services Management and Climate Change Mitigation in Nigeria - Adetola, Alaba; Goulding, Jack Steven; Liyanage, Champika Lasanthi (2011)
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Teacher Preparation and Continuing Professional Development in Africa: Learning To Teach Early Reading and Maths - Akyeampong, Kwame; Pryor, John B.; Westbrook, Jo; Lussier, Kattie (2011)
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Analyzing students Inter-language in Grammar: a case study of Yemeni 1st and 4th levels of University Students, English Departments , Colleges of Education - Al-Qoafi, Yahia Ahmed Qaid (2011)
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Spirituality and Faith-Based Interventions: Pathways to Disaster Resilience for African American Hurricane Katrina Survivors - Alawiyah, Tuti; Bell, Holly; Pyles, Loretta; Runnels, Ratonia C. (Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 2011)
Research has shown that spirituality and religion are important sources of resilience and coping in adversity such as disasters, particularly for African Americans. In addition, churches and faith-based service providers are key actors in disaster relief and recovery. After Hurricane Katrina, research on survivors has focused little on the role of spirituality and religion in their recovery. This case study illustrates that even without soliciting it, survivors who evacuated to a host city talked about the importance of spirituality and religion in their recovery process. Further, interviews and observations with local service providers illustrate that few practitioners utilized spirituality or religion as a resource and that coordination between faith-based and secular service providers was problematic. Our research highlights a neglected area of cultural competence for those providing services to Katrina survivors. We discuss the implications for social work policy and practice.
openalex: W2125962832 mag: 2125962832
Keywords: openalex:import