Electrification of particles in dust storms: Field measurements during the monsoon period in Niger - Sow, Mamadou; Crase, Emmanuel; Rajot, Jean-Louis; Sankaran, R. Mohan; Lacks, Daniel J. (Atmospheric research (Print), 2011)
On the first fortnight of June 2010, experiments were carried out at a millet field in Niger to address the electrification of soil particles under natural conditions. The experiments were conducted during a period of high wind erosion, resulting from the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) which generate “walls” of dust passing through the Sahel. Soil particles are lifted from the ground by the stress exerted by the wind, with a threshold for emission that is particle size dependent. These particles then collide with other particles, leading to electrostatic charging of the particles. Soil samples of either positive or negative polarity were collected from the soil surface in 3 situations: 1) during “quiet” periods (far removed from a dust storm), 2) immediately after a dust storm, and 3) 12 h after a dust storm. Our results show that immediately after a dust storm, smaller particles are predominantly charged positive and larger particles are predominantly charged negative; this effect is still evident but smaller in magnitude 12 h after a dust storm. This size dependence for the charge polarity is in apparent contradiction with previous investigations; we believe this contradiction is only apparent, because the very fine particles, which we cannot measure with our technique, are expected to be negatively charged. Our results are rationalized by combining a population balance model for charged species trapped in high energy states with the wind threshold for soil particle motion.
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Project Information Document (Concept Stage) - SOMALIA: Drought Management and Livelihood Protection - P128143 - StephaneForman (2011)
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The job satisfaction of academic staff members on fixed-term employment contracts at South African higher education institutions - Strydom, Annemi (2011)
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Regional scenarios of future climate change over southern Africa - Tadross, Mark; Davis, C; Engelbrecht, François; Joubert, A. M.; Archer, Emma Rm (2011)
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Access and Equity in the Ethiopian Higher Education Sector: Some Missing Links - Tamrat, Wondwosen (2011)
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Causes of High Dropout and its impact on access to Education at primary School level in Samburu East District,Samburu County,Kenya - Tharaka, Makero Jenipher (2011)
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Capacity for water conservation in invasive (Gerbillus nigeriae) and declining rodents (Taterillus pygargus and Taterillus gracilis) that exhibit climate-induced distribution changes in Senegal - Thiam, Massamba; Atteynine, S. A.; Traoré, Salifou; Duplantier, Jean‐Marc; Maurel, Daniel; Sicard, Bruno (Journal of arid environments, 2011)
Abstract Following the southward shift of rainfall isolines in the Sahel at the end of the 1960s, Gerbillus nigeriae appeared in northern Senegal in the mid-1990s, and two resident Gerbillidae ( Taterillus pygargus and Taterillus gracilis ) subsequently declined. We investigated the causal role of the capacity to conserve water in such climate-related shifts in the distribution of these Gerbillidae by comparing the effects of a water-poor diet on the water-efflux rate (W −out ) of freshly trapped adults pre-acclimatized to a water-rich diet. During the 12-day period of water restriction in all species, 30–50% of individuals became hyperactive and showed greater weight loss and higher W −out than the remaining inactive individuals. Such emergence of migratory strategists within populations could accelerate the expansion of G. nigeriae . On a water-poor diet, T. gracilis showed a lower capacity to conserve water (higher W −out ) than T. pygargus and G. nigeriae , in both inactive (W −out = 44.5 ± 1.8 vs 29.6 ± 0.8 vs 27.4 ± 0.7 ml kg −0.82 .day −1 , respectively) and hyperactive individuals (W −out = 60.4 ± 1 vs 45.4 ± 0.7 vs 44 ± 0.8 ml kg −0.82 .day −1 , respectively). We propose that the capacity to conserve water accounted for both expansion of G. nigeriae and decline of T. gracilis , whereas competition between T. pygargus and G. nigeriae could account for the decline of T. pygargus .
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A comparative study of the effects of selected teaching methods on performance in Early Childhood Education in Kenya - Toywa, Rodgers Wanyoi (2011)
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Access to health care, reproductive health and disability: A large scale survey in Sierra Leone - Trani, Jean-François; Browne, Joyce L.; Kett, Maria; Bah, Osman M.; Morlai, Teddy Amara; Bailey, N; Groce, Nora (Social Science & Medicine, 2011)
This is the first study to compare health status and access to health care services between disabled and non-disabled men and women in urban and peri-urban areas of Sierra Leone. It pays particular attention to access to reproductive health care services and maternal health care for disabled women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 in 5 districts of Sierra Leone, randomly selecting 17 clusters for a total sample of 425 households. All adults who were identified as being disabled, as well as a control group of randomly selected non-disabled adults, were interviewed about health and reproductive health. As expected, we showed that people with severe disabilities had less access to public health care services than non-disabled people after adjustment for other socioeconomic characteristics (bivariate modelling). However, there were no significant differences in reporting use of contraception between disabled and non-disabled people; contrary to expectations, women with disabilities were as likely to report access to maternal health care services as did non-disabled women. Rather than disability, it is socioeconomic inequality that governs access to such services. We also found that disabled women were as likely as non-disabled women to report having children and to desiring another child: they are not only sexually active, but also need access to reproductive health services. We conclude that disparity in access to government-supported health care facilities constitutes a major and persisting health inequity between persons with and without disabilities in Sierra Leone. Ensuring equal access will require further strengthening of the country's health care system. Furthermore, because the morbidity and mortality rates of pregnant women are persistently high in Sierra Leone, assessing the quality of services received is an important priority for future research.
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Prevalence of Moderate and Severe Anaemia in Children Under 5 in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Southeast Nigeria - Ughasoro, Maduka D.; Emodi, IJ; Okafor, HU; Ibe, BC (Pediatric Research, 2011)
Background and aim: More than 50% of African children are anemic. There is limited data on the prevalence of anaemia in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of moderate and severe anaemia in children under 5. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved under 5 children seen in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Standard questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics of the respondents, child's age, gender, anthropometric measurements and Packed Cell Volume. Results: Out of 581 subjects studied, 49.2% had moderate to severe anaemia. Those with moderate anaemia were 252 (43.4%) whilst those with severe anaemia were 34 (5.8%). There was association between moderate and severe anaemia and children within the age range of 6 - 12 months (59.4%, p = 0.009). There was no association between moderate and severe anaemia and gender (p = 0.62). There was no association between moderate and severe anaemia and socioeconomic status (SES) (p=0.66). There is no direct association between moderate and severe anaemia and child nutritional status (p=0.12). Conclusions: Prevalence of moderate and severe anaemia is high in children under 5 years. There is no gender, SES and nutritional status association with moderate and severe anaemia among these children. Thus efforts to reduce childhood anaemia especially among children under 5 should consider other factors other than SES and nutritional status.
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A comparison of traditional teaching versus integrated Internet — Based learning in an American style university in Nigeria - Umeh, Arthur; Salatian, Apkar (2011)
In Nigeria, as more secondary schools and tertiary institutions contemplate developing educational materials and programs for delivery via the internet in order to complement traditional classroom teaching, there is the need to assess the effectiveness of the internet as a medium for delivering educational packages. This paper describes an exploratory study that investigated the possibility of integrating e-learning with traditional methods of teaching at an American styled university in Nigeria. By discussing possible reasons for the performance and disposition of sampled students towards e-learning, we suggest implications and effects of internet-based education on student learning.
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CLUVA : preparing Africa for climate change : adapting the way we live - human settlements - Vahed, Anwar (CSIR Science Scope, 2011)
Climate change is no longer an academic conjecture; there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening and many agree that it may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet.
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Bridges and barriers: language in African education and development - Vigouroux, Cécile B. (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2011)
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Risks of adverse impacts from climate change in Southern Africa - Vincent, Katharine; Cull, Tracy; Davis, Claire; Archer, Emma Rm (2011)
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Towards developing an evaluation tool for business management information systems' success at public further education and training (FET) colleges in South Africa - Visser, Margreet (2011)
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Chwuech: Sustained Art Education among Luo Women of Western Kenya - Wadende, Akinyi (Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 2011)
This article presents the findings of a qualitative study on the Bang jomariek, a women's group in West Reru in Western Kenya who engage in the production of indigenous arts and crafts (pots, baskets, and architecture) to generate income and explore politics, medicine, and other matters that affect them and their community. The women shared their motivations for engaging in the production of these art forms and the characteristics of these educational processes and their environment. I highlight the transformative experience on their lives as a result of the arts and crafts-based adult education work. This article is significant to feminist and anti-colonial adult education as it stresses the importance of processes, potential, and goals of an African indigenous creative education amongst rural women.
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Teacher Support for Universal Secondary Education in Uganda - Werner, Jessica (2011)
University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. November 2011. Major: Educational Policy and Administration. Advisors: Dr. David W. Chapman, Dr. Joan G. DeJaeghere,. 1 computer file (PDF); iii, 117 pages, appendices A-B.
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Climate change and conflict: Conflict-sensitive Climate Change Adaptation in Africa - Yanda, Pius Z.; Bronkhorst, Salomé (2011)
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Perception of Climate Change Among Egyptians Living in Egypt and Canada - Zaki, Tarek (2011)
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Tertiary education and gender disparities in a dollarised economy: a case study of the Faculty of Social Studies at the University of Zimbabwe - Zivengwa, Tichaona; Hazvina, Fanuel; Maphosa, Nobuhle (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2011)
A study aimed at analyzing gender disparities in tertiary education at the University of Zimbabwe.
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The expenditure and foreign revenue impact of international students on the South African economy - Aloyo, Naum; Wentzel, Arnold (Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 2011)
In South Africa, there is still no clear policy of internationalisation of higher education, partly due to limited research. So far, only two efforts – at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) in 2004 and Rhodes University in 2005 – have been made to determine the expenditure and foreign revenue impact of international students on South Africa. Each of these papers sampled only a single university, so they are of limited use for national impact analysis. To build on these studies, this research was conducted at six South African universities that admit the largest number of international students and also included the economic effects of spending items hitherto neglected. We show that international students (mainly from Africa) contribute significantly to South African GDP and balance of payments, but that South Africa still lags behind in exploiting and enhancing these benefits.
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Health-related physical fitness among rural primary school children in Tshannda, South Africa - Amusa, L.O.; Goon, Daniel Ter; Amey, A. K.; Toriola, A.L. (Scientific Research and Essays, 2011)
The socioeconomic transformation in South Africa over the previous decade may have created a less active lifestyle and a decline in fitness among South African children. This study seeks to present the data on the health-related physical fitness of the Tshannda rural school children in grades 1 to 7 and to evaluate age and gender differences in physical fitness among the Tshannda children, of which information is not yet available. The stature, body mass and skinfolds of the children were measured and the Eurofit test battery was used to assess the children’s physical and performance fitness. Percentage body fats, fat mass and fat-free mass were calculated. There was progressive increase and improvement in the performance values from grade level one to seven. In the physical performance tests requiring moving the body, power and strength, the boys generally performed higher than the girls. Girls were superior to boys in the tests of flexibility. Body fat was higher in girls than in boys at all grades and increases with advancement in grades. The physical performance measures of our samples increase in grade levels and with the boys having higher values than girls as well as performing better in activities requiring physical exertion and expenditure of energy. In contrasts, the girls showed superiority in flexibility measures and accumulate more body fat than the boys. Physical fitness of these rural school children seems to be low, thus confirming the worldwide decline in fitness levels of children. Key words: South Africa, eurofit test, anthropometric measurement, physical fitness, rural children.
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Corporate governance practices at South African higher education institutions: An annual report disclosure analysis - Barac, Karen; Marx, Ben; Moloi, Tankiso (Journal of economic and financial sciences (Print), 2011)
Higher education institutions are presently facing many challenges, ranging from economic and financial constraints to social and educational issues. Accordingly, sound management and governance are essential, and this brings the governance model of HEIs more in line with business corporations. This article provides an overview of the state of governance practices at higher education institutions in South Africa, and an assessment of the corporate governance disclosures in their annual reports. This was done through a literature review of higher education developments, including a South African perspective, supported by empirical evidence obtained from assessing the annual reports of these institutions. The study found that, although most of these institutions are providing disclosure on their corporate governance structures and practices in line with the recommendations of the Higher Education Act and King II, such disclosure is often lacking in detail and could be improved.
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Community Based Education in a South African Gontext: Was Socrates Right? - Cameron, D.C. (South African Family Practice, 2011)
Overseeing medical students working in small rural clinics challenges both the students and the lecturers. How does one evaluate a learning experience that does not involve memorising facts? Socrates (470-399 BC) maintained that the teacher's role was not to impart knowledge but rather to expose ignorance and encourage a process of self-discovery. According to Socrates, the outcome of this process was a new understanding of oneself, a sense of emotional balance and an increased consciousness of one's social responsibilities. This study evolved as I participated in the process of teaching students and became forcefully struck by their comments in their rotation reports. A qualitative analysis of 150 student repofts was carried out and the major themes were highlighted. Those themes included: being overwhelmed by the difficulties and frustrations of an inadequate service, being challenged by cross cultural issues, comparing notes with traditional African medicine, reassessing compulsory community service and a changed vision about oneself and one's future career. A community-based experience in a rural clinic is definitely one way of preparing future doctors to meet the challenge of health care in South Africa.
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Evaluation of critical storm duration rainfall estimates used in flood hydrology in South Africa - Gericke, O J; Plessis, Jean du (Water SA, 2011)
Design rainfall comprises of a depth and duration associated with a given probability of exceedance or return period.The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the methods used in flood hydrology to estimate depth-duration-frequency (DDF) relationships of design rainfall in South Africa based on the critical storm duration or time of concentration (T C ) of a catchment.The influence of the type of rainfall, areal and temporal distribution of rainfall were also investigated to establish if a relationship exists between the catchment area, T C and areal reduction factors (ARFs).The DDF relationships based on the least-square regression analyses of Log-Extreme Value Type 1 distributions, the modified Hershfield equation, the regionalised South African Weather Service (SAWS) n-day design rainfall data and the Regional Linear Moment Algorithm and Scale Invariance (RLMA&SI) approach were compared in 3 distinctive T C -ranges.The results showed that the RMLA&SI approach can be considered as the preferred DDF relationship in future design flood estimations.The results also showed that a direct relationship exists between the catchment area and T C , thus ARFs can be explicitly expressed in terms of only the catchment area.
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Intestinal parasitosis and shigellosis among diarrheal patients in Gondar teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia - Huruy, Kahsay; Kassu, Afework; Mulu, Andargachew; Worku, Netsanet; Fetene, Teshome; Gebretsadik, Simon; Biadglegne, Fantahun; Belyhun, Yeshambel; Muche, Abebe; Gelaw, Aschalew; Anagaw, Belay; Yifru, Sisay; et al. (BMC Research Notes, 2011)
Diarrheal diseases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing world. Understanding the etiologic agents of diarrheal diseases and their association with socio-demographic characteristics of patients would help to design better preventive measures. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and enteropathogenic bacteria in diarrheic patients. A cross-sectional study involving 384 consecutive diarrheal patients who visited Gondar teaching hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia from October 2006 to March 2007 was conducted. Stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites and enteropathogenic bacteria following standard parasitological and microbiological procedures. Intestinal parasites were diagnosed in 36.5% of the patients. The most frequently encountered protozoan parasite was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.3%) followed by Giardia lamblia (5.0%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.8%) and Isospora belli (1.3%). The dominant helminthic parasite identified was Ascaris lumbricoides (5.5%) followed by Strongyloides stercoralis and Schistosoma mansoni (3.1% each), hookworm infection (1.8%), and Hymenolepis species (1.3%). Multiple infections of intestinal parasites were also observed in 6.3% of the patients. Among the enteropathogenic bacteria Shigella and Salmonella species were isolated from 15.6% and 1.6%, respectively, of the patients. Escherichia coli O57:H7 was not found in any of the stool samples tested. Eighty eight percent and 83.3% of the Shigella and Salmonella isolates were resistant to one or more commonly used antibiotics, respectively. Intestinal parasitosis was higher in patients who live in rural area, in patients who were washing their hands after visiting toilet either irregularly with soap and without soap or not at all, in patients who used well and spring water for household consumption, and in patients who had nausea (P < 0.05). Statistically significant associations were also observed between Shigella infections and patients who were using well and spring water for household consumption, and patients who had dysentery and mucoid stool (P < 0.05). The high prevalence of intestinal parasites and Shigella species in diarrheic patients calls for institution of appropriate public health intervention measures to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. The rational use of antibiotics should also be practiced.
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Human Resource Development and Vocational and Technical Education at Kenyatta University, Kenya - Kamau, Dominic Gitau (2011)
The European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) is organised annually by the European Educational Research Association (EERA) to provide a European forum on discourse about the latest research findings on education in Europe and world-wide. This conference aims to foster mutual work and communication amongst researchers in Europe and encourage dialogue between researchers and those involved in decision-making in both policy and practice fields.
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The need for the political representation of persons with disabilities in Ethiopia - Kedir, Abdu Abdurazak (2011)
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Achieving food security and climate change mitigation through entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria: Gender perspective - Momodu, Abiodun S.; Akinbami, Catherine Abiola Oluwatoyin; Obisanya, Joshua Funminiyi (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)
Globally, problem of food security and climate change demands innovative strategies that seek to promote an integrated approach of supporting the full continuum of production, processing and marketing of food to be done. For this reason this paper contends that rural entrepreneurial development could serve as panacea to achieving food security and climate change mitigation. Gender perspective is viewed as significant to achieving this goal since there are more females engaged in rural entrepreneurial practices than male. In 2008, agriculture contributed about 42% to the GDP with a growth rate of 6.54%. Of the 66% of the populace engaged in agriculture, 92% is male and 8% is female. Further, data shows that there are over 75 million females, both adults and children, amongst the about 150 million Nigerians. The population of people living in rural Nigeria is estimated at about 48% as at 2007, meaning that over 72 million persons live there, made up of approximately 35 million females and 37 million males. Agricultural practices through food and livestock production contribute to climate change. As at 2002, arable land in the country was about 34% of the total land mass of about 910,768 km2. As 2003 livestock and poultry inventory was estimated at about 290 million. In addition, the competing uses of the various food and cash crops, as well as grain from Nigeria’s agricultural farmland have added pressure to the need for more land for food and cash crop as well as grain production. Desert encroachment and reduced rainfall have also affected livestock production. These factors have created food security challenges, with threats of hunger and poverty: 70% of the population lives on less than N100 (US $ 0.7) per day, about 60.8% of the population is malnourished; even though smallholder farmers constitute 80% of all farm holdings their production system is inefficient and it always results in regular shortfall in national domestic production; this makes food importation a common feature in the country. Secondary data were sourced to analyze the current situation and to proffer recommendations for achieving food security and climate change mitigation. Inventory of greenhouse gases emission from agricultural practices and livestock production in the country was assessed using Inter-governmental panel of climate change (IPCC) methodology. Cost-benefit analysis was then conducted for identified options that enabled informed suggested recommendations for entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria viewed with gender perspective. Key words: Food security, climate change mitigation, rural entrepreneurship development, gender perspective
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Mantle transition zone thickness beneath Cameroon: evidence for an upper mantle origin for the Cameroon Volcanic Line - Reusch, A. M.; Nyblade, A.; Tibi, Rigobert; Wiens, Douglas A.; Shore, P.; Ateba, Bekoa; Tabod, Charles T.; Nnange, J. M. (Geophysical Journal International, 2011)
The thickness of the mantle transition zone beneath Cameroon has been mapped using data from the 2005-2007 Cameroon Broadband Seismic Experiment to evaluate models for the origin of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). Some 2200 receiver functions have been stacked using a 3-D velocity model, revealing Ps conversions from the mantle transition zone discontinuities at depths of ~410 and 660 km. Results yield a nearly uniform transition zone thickness (251 ± 10 km) that is similar to the global average, implying that any thermal anomalies in the upper mantle beneath the CVL do not extend as deep as the transition zone. This finding, when combined with regional P and S velocity models of the mantle, supports an explanation attributing the origin of the CVL to upper mantle processes such as an edge flow convection cell in the upper mantle along the northwestern side of the Congo Craton lithosphere.
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Lessons in Democracy: Mobilizations for African American Education - Worgs, Donn (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
This paper describes key historical and contemporary examples of African Americans and their allies coproducing education for their communities. I argue that such examples, which arise within contexts where the state lacks the will or capacity to meet the educational needs desired by these communities, reveal a vibrant realm of public engagement often overlooked by those who decry the lack of civic engagement. Ultimately, these examples reveal a latent democratic potential in these and similar communities that may well be a source of civic capacity for solving community problems.
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Effects of citizenship education component of social studies on civic literacy and attachment of upper basic students in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria - Yusuf, Yusuf; Abdulraheem; Agbonna; Ayorinde, Samuel Agbonna; Jekayinfa; Arinlade, Alice; Saliu; Ahmed, Shakil (African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2011)
The purpose of this paper was to find out the effect of citizenship education component of social studies on the civic literacy and attachment of upper basic students in Ilorin Metropolis. In this study, 113 students, involving 67 male and 46 female students participated in the summer school programme organised during the long vacation. The study was a quasi-experimental and pre-test post-test. The participants were subjected to treatment for four weeks on citizenship education programme. The finding showed that there was a significant difference in the mean score of the participants as a result of the treatment. It was also discovered that there was no significant difference in the mean gain scores of the participants on the basis of gender. Based on the findings, it was suggested that citizenship education that promote civic literacy and attachment for students should be organised regularly.
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Incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among Nigeria women in tight fitting underwears: The need for counseling and health education - Akpan, U. P.; Ekpenyong, Christopher E.; Ibu, J. E.; Ibu, Julie (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
This cross sectional study aimed at investigating the effect of tight fitting underwears on the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among non-pregnant women between aged 16 to 35 years. The study took place in seven health institutions between January and July 2009 in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. About 191(76.4%) of the 250 participants who were selected by sequential randomization met the inclusion criteria. Structured questionnaire were used to assess their regular patterns of dressing for the past one year and associated gynaecologic problems. Vaginal smear/swabs were taken from each participant for microscopy and culture. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13, using chi square (c2) test to compare the differences between the effects of various parameters about the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Values of P<0.01 were considered statistically significant. A high incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (76.8%) with its associated symptoms were observed among women who regularly wore nylon tight and other synthetic pants than those who regularly wore cotton tight/cotton underwear/pants(42.9%). It can be concluded that women who predominantly wear nylon tight and other synthetic underwear/pants are at a higher risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Key words: Gynaecologic problems, nylon tight pants, synthetic pants, Nigeria, vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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A critical appraisal of the right to primary education of children with disabilities in Malawi - Chilemba, Enoch MacDonnell (2011)
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Ghana - Education Sector Project : P050620 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 18 - Darvas, Péter (2011)
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A critical analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks for the realisation of the rights of persons with disabilities in Zimbabwe - Mandipa, Esau (2011)
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Reform of legal protection of persons with disabilities in Mozambique - Nhancale, Paulo (2011)
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Evaluating the experience of virtual communication in public schools in Gaza from the perspective of school principals - شقير, محمد سليمان أبو; عزيز, شادي عبد الله سالم ابو; سويرح, احمد اسماعيل سلام ابو (2011)
الملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى تقییم تجربة التواصل الالكتروني في المدارس الحكومیة من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس، كما هدفت إلى التعرف على أنماط التواصل الكرتوني المستخدمة في المدارس الحكومیة، واختار الباحثون عینة مكونة من (٢٠٠ (مدیر ومدیرة مدرسة من مدراء المدارس الحكومیة واستخدمت الدراسة استبانة مكونة من ثلاث محاور، وتناول المحور الأول البرید الالكتروني الداخليو اشمل على (١٣ (فقرة، وتكون المحور الثاني من (١٣ )فقرة، تتعلق ببرنامج الادارات المدرسیة المحوسب، أما المحور الثالث فتكون من (١١ ) فقرة تتعلق بالموقع الالكتروني للمدیریات، واستخدمت المتوسطات الحسابیة والنسب المئویة، وتحلیل التباین الأحادي، واختبار (ت)، واختبار مان ویتني، وقد أظهرت النتائج أن هناك ثلاث أنماط للتواصل الالكتروني في المدارس الحكومیة هي: البرید الالكتروني الداخلي، وبرنامج ةرادلإا الالكترونیة (برنامج ةرادلإا المدرسیة المحوسب)، ومو اقع المدیریات على شبكة الانترنت، كما وأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى تطبیق التواصل الالكتروني بلغ ٦٧ % حیث بلغ تطبیق البرید الالكتروني ٧٤ %وبرنامج ةرادلإا المدرسیة المحوسب ١.٦٧ % ومواقع المدیریات الالكترونیة ٦.٥٨ %كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائیة بین متوسط استجابات مدراء المدارس حول تطبیق التو اصل الالكتروني تبعا لمتغیر الجنس في حین كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائیة تبعا لمتغیر الخبرة لصالح الخبرة من ١٠ سنوات فأكثر. وخلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصیات من أهمها: عقد دورات تدریبیة وتثقیفیة لنشر ثقافة التواصل الالكتروني، توفیر الدعم المادي والفني لإنجاح تطبیق التواصل الالكتروني، وتوفیر مواقع متطورة للمدیرات التعلیمیة على الانترنت.
openalex: W3208301496 mag: 3208301496
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Perceived Readiness of Teachers for Online Instruction in Nigerian Universities - Obinna, Nwokike; Promise, Ihekeronye (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
The necessary skills and a good understanding of information and communication technologies is required for designing and implementing any appropriate policy for the use of online education in teaching, learning and research in the university. This study investigated the perception of teachers toward online instruction in faculty of Education, University of Ibadan. The findings revealed that teachers have a positive perception toward online instruction due to their perceived value of online instruction. Also factors found to affect the teachers' perceived readiness include his facilitation skills, enthusiasm, confidence, manpower skills, perceived benefit/drawback, time constraint, obsession, ease of use and perceived usefulness while other factors such as social pressure, classroom culture and inadequate facilities had no significant effect on teachers' perceived readiness. The study indicates that there is the need for appropriate review of information and communication policies, training programmes and infrastructural support our teachers in exploiting the use of online instruction in their faculty. Keywords; perceived readiness, teachers, online instruction, Nigeria University
openalex: W1671566594 mag: 1671566594
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Challenges for Quality Primary Education in Papua New Guinea – A Case Study - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
There is an urgent need to reform the educational system to achieve universal primary education in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Even after 35 years of Independence, PNG has been struggling to educate an estimated 2 million elementary and primary aged children and faces numerous challenges in providing Education for All (EFA). This study was conducted in four primary schools of Buma Yong area of Lae district of Morobe Province, PNG. The study revealed that the quality of education has been deteriorated over the past few decades. Many schools in PNG do not have classrooms, teachers, and basic facilities. As a result, the children loosing interest going to school. The children dropped out of school so as to assist their families in the household and agricultural activities. It also reveals that the dropout rate of girls is more than that of the boys due to the gender disparity in the country. The study recommended that budgetary allocations should be increased so as to improve the infrastructural facilities and encourage the children to attend primary school and thus achieve the Millennium Development Goal/Education For All in PNG.
openalex: W3122390429 mag: 3122390429
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Information and Communication Technology is a Catalyst in Papua New Guinean Education - Key Challenges for Development - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The most important development of the last few years in the world is the rapid growth and spread of information and communications technology (ICT) in numerous areas. It is generally accepted that ICT increases materialistic and moral value, and is widely used in areas of education, economy, health, agriculture, social life, and entertainment. Therefore one can boldly say that the ICT is a key driver of economic growth. ICT access remains a serious problem in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The PNG has a very low density of personal computers and Internet. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive theme of ICT and education in PNG. The PNG implements ICT in education as part of its educational development process. It examines the challenges that were and are faced by PNG and identifies the specific challenges of PNG IT education and provides some solutions. The study intends to contribute to the dialogue concerning ICT education.
openalex: W1835671084 mag: 1835671084
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Water Pipe and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Medical Students in South Africa - Senkubuge, Flavia; Ayo‐Yusuf, Olalekan A.; Louwagie, Goedele; Okuyemi, Kolawole S. (Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2011)
This study sought to determine the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with water pipe and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among a population of medical students in the Pretoria area, South Africa.Undergraduate medical students (N = 722) in their 2nd and 6th year of study in 2 medical schools in South Africa completed a self-administered questionnaire during 2008. Information on ever and current use of water pipe and SLT was obtained along with information on sociodemographic variables, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking status. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine factors associated with current use of water pipe and SLT.The mean age of study participants was 23 years. Of the participants, 53% were female and 55% were self-identified as Black Africans. Of the study participants, 18.6% were current water pipe users, 3.1% were current SLT users, while 17.3% were current cigarette smokers. Factors independently associated with current water pipe use were having an alcohol drinking-problem (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.48-3.40), currently smoking cigarettes (3.40; 2.04-5.67), and reporting exposure to smoking in places other than home (2.51; 1.29-4.90). Compared with Black students, White medical students were more likely to have smoked a water pipe in the past month (3.14; 1.74-5.70) but less likely to have ever used SLT (0.37; 0.19-0.73).These findings suggest that the use of alternative tobacco products is common among South African medical students and may form part of a pattern of risk-taking behavior. Furthermore, there appear to be cultural differences in the use of certain tobacco products.
openalex: W2145953011 mag: 2145953011
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How the People of Butembo (RDC) were Chosen to Embody ‘the New Congo’: Or What the Appearance of a Poster in a City's Public Places can Teach about its Social Tissue - Geenen, Kristien (International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2011)
Abstract In this article, I translate local narratives about one particular event into a reading of a city as a whole. The city concerned is Butembo, a secondary city in the North Kivu province (DRC). The incident relates to the appearance of a foreign flower in the late 1950s. This water hyacinth — named ‘Congo ya Sika’, which means ‘the New Congo’— caused severe damage to the waterways of the Belgian Congo, and the colonial authorities mobilized the population in an effort to eradicate the plague. Pamphlets and posters were spread, with the request to destroy the pictured flower when spotted. People of Butembo reacted in a most particular way to the appearance of these posters in their city, ascribing the Congo ya Sika flower mythical proportions right from the start. In their interpretation, the appearance of the flower was a sign that ‘the new Congo’ would rise in their town, endowing their place exclusively with a particular force. I scrutinize the myth's origin and analyse its social meaning, in an effort to gain a better understanding of Butembo's society. Throughout my analysis, special attention is paid to (self) representation, and to noise stuck to colonial messages. Résumé Ce travail part de récits locaux à propos d'un événement particulier pour restituer une lecture de toute une ville. Il s'agit de Butembo, une ville secondaire de la province congolaise du Nord‐Kivu. L'incident est liéà l'introduction d'une fleur étrangère à la fin des années 1950. Cette jacinthe d'eau appelée Congo ya Sika, qui signifie ‘Nouveau Congo’ a proliféré dangereusement dans les voies d'eau du Congo belge, incitant les autorités coloniales à mobiliser la population afin d'éradiquer la plante. Des brochures et affiches ont été diffusées, demandant de détruire la fleur représentée dès qu'elle était repérée. La population de Butembo a alors réagi d'une manière très singulière, donnant à la fleur Congo ya Sika une dimension mythique dès le début. Selon l'interprétation des habitants, l'apparition de la fleur était le signe que le ‘nouveau Congo’ naîtrait dans leur ville, conférant à ce site une force spécifique. Après avoir étudié l'origine du mythe, cet article analyse sa signification sociale afin d'appréhender au mieux la société de Butembo. Une attention particulière est accordée à l'(auto)représentation et aux signaux parasites qui se sont raccrochés au message des autorités coloniales.
openalex: W1525596125 mag: 1525596125
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South African students’ perceptions of Facebook: Some implications for instructors - Shambare, Richard (African Journal of Business Management, 2011)
The Facebook phenomenon has revolutionised communication patterns especially among students and youths. Young adults increasingly integrate Facebook into their daily lives. The commonly used features include chatting, uploading personal profiles, exchanging notes and study material. Several factors (for example, real-time interactive messaging, 3G mobile telephony, faster and cheaper Internet access) encourage social network sites (SNSs) and Facebook adoption. While Facebook started primarily as a social website connecting friends, many users have increasingly started using the platform for business, marketing and study purposes. However, despite the many opportunities for facilitating teaching and learning in universities, in particular promoting student instructor interaction, Facebook’s usage in classrooms is still low. It was therefore deemed opportune to investigate students’ perceptions of the SNS. The purposes of this study were to: (1) examine students’ Facebook usage habits and (2) investigate the perceived usefulness of Facebook in education. Following the introduction of Facebook in a Business Management course, students’ perceptions of Facebook were subsequently ascertained using constructs of the Rogers diffusion model. Data was collected from a sample of 194 undergraduate students using self-administered questionnaires. Findings confirm Facebook’s popularity and utility in education. Results are discussed in the context of existing literature, and the paper concludes by proposing both theoretical and practical implications. Key words: Education, Facebook, internet, social network sites, smart phones, universities.
openalex: W2320898687 mag: 2320898687
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Pollution Status and Effect of Crude Oil Spillage in Ughoton Stream Ecosystem in Niger Delta - Uzoekwe, S.A.; Achudume, A. C. (International journal of environmental protection (Online), 2011)
The present study, evaluate pollution status and the physico-chemical characteristics of Ughoton stream water as it affects the quality of water and its impact on Ughoton stream ecosystem. Surface water samples were collected at various distances, 50,100, 250, 500m downstream from an oil well. The potentially toxic elements, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb were analyzed. Other parameters including cations, coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria and Total hydrocarbon were analyzed. The study reveals most of the parameters; pH, DO, BOD, and COD are within limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) for surface water. The heavy metal concentrations in the stream water are also below the threshold levels associated with the toxicological effects and the regulatory limits. However, the high concentration of nutrients, coliform and heterotrophic bacteria confirmed high pollution status. The coliform and heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 96 to 520 and 48 to 284 per 100ml respectively. Pollution nature of Ughoton stream water is further confirmed by its oil films coated environment. The pollution load exceeded tolenrance limit of stream that empties into major river. Therefore, The Ughoton stream water is considered as a threat to Ughoton natural ecosystem.
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Perceived Stress Levels of Fresh University Students in Ghana: A Case Study - Amponsah, Mark Owusu; Owolabi, H. O. (2011)
openalex: W3217547326 mag: 3217547326
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Establishment of norms for the Bull‟s Mental Skills Questionnaire in South African university students: An exploratory study - Edwards, David J.; Steyn, B.J.M. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
In various South African academic and professional fields, such as Sport and Exercise Psychology, mental skills are measured individually and/or collectively using internationally developed scales. Local norms are needed for such measures. The purpose of this study was to establish preliminary South African norms, in the form of means and standard deviations, for one such United Kingdom developed collectively orientated mental skill measure. The Bull‟s Mental Skills Questionnaire, consists of seven mental skill subscales: imagery ability (ia), mental preparation (mp), self-confidence (sc), anxiety and worry management (awm), concentration ability (ca), relaxation ability (ra) and motivation (m), which collectively produce a total mental skills score. For the purpose of obtaining a large sample size for this exploratory study, data were collected from 419 male and female university students with a mean age of 20.18 years. Results suggested significant correlations among all subscales, except between imagery ability and anxiety and worry management, as well as significant differences between males and females for imagery ability and motivation. There were no significant differences between ages or between younger and older mean age groups. Results are compared with previous South Africa studies where the scale has been used. Recommendations for future research are made.Key words: Mental skills, Bull‟s Mental Skills Questionnaire, South African university students, exploratory study.
openalex: W2140069195 mag: 2140069195
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Expected to deliver: Alignment of regulation, training, and actual performance of emergency obstetric care providers in Malawi and Tanzania - Lobis, Samantha; Mbaruku, Godfrey; Kamwendo, Francis; McAuliffe, Éilish; Austin, Judy; Pinho, Helen de (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2011)
Objective Policy, regulation, training, and support for cadres adopting tasks and roles outside their historical domain have lagged behind the practical shift in service-delivery on the ground. The Health Systems Strengthening for Equity (HSSE) project sought to assess the alignment between national policy and regulation, preservice training, district level expectations, and clinical practice of cadres providing some or all components of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in Malawi and Tanzania. Methods A mixed methods approach was used, including key informant interviews, a survey of District Health Management Teams, and a survey of health providers employed at a representative sample of health facilities. Results A lack of alignment between national policy and regulation, training, and clinical practice was observed in both countries, particularly for cadres with less preservice training; a closer alignment was found between district level expectations and reported clinical practice. There is ineffective use of cadres that are trained and authorized to provide EmOC, but who are not delivering care, especially assisted vaginal delivery. Conclusion Better alignment between policy and practice, and support and training, and more efficient utilization of clinical staff are needed to achieve the quality health care for which the Malawian and Tanzanian health ministries and governments are accountable.
openalex: W2045817207 mag: 2045817207
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Effects of pollution on the Motoine river dams, Kenya - Miheso, Rogan Lawrence (2011)
openalex: W2254655396 mag: 2254655396
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Health risk behaviours among secondary school students in Botswana - Mokgwathi, M.M. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
Studies exploring the health risk behaviours of youth are key to understanding the challenges faced by young people today. This understanding will help to facilitate an understanding of these challenges and create interventions that will help enhance the ability of adolescents to resist risky behaviours. This study is a preliminary investigative survey which sought to establish some of the behaviours that expose adolescents to risk and might lead to injury or premature death. The participants in this study were students of four secondary schools in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. A total of 400 students who joined the study on voluntary basis were surveyed. Health risk behaviours were assessed by employing a modified version of the Youth Health Risk behaviour Questionnaire (YBRS, 2010). The results of the study show that adolescents in Botswana face similar health compromising behaviours as other adolescent‟s world wide. There is a need therefore to implement intervention strategies in order to reverse this trend.Key words: Risky behavior, health, adolescents, resilience, intervention strategies.
openalex: W2989650239 mag: 2989650239
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The readability of teaching and learning text books used for Health training programmes in the Ministry of Health in Kenya - Mwamisi, Joseph (2011)
openalex: W1012940027 mag: 1012940027
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Smoking behaviour, risk perception and attitudes toward anti-smoking legislation among a sample of South African students - Popovac, Maša; Mwaba, Kelvin; Roman, NV (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
This study sought to establish smoking behaviour, perceptions of health risks of smoking and attitudes toward anti-smoking legislation among a sample of South African university students. Undergraduates (225 women and 105 men) completed measures of behaviours, attitudes and perceptions related to smoking. The results showed that only 16% of the students reported to be smokers, of whom most were „coloured‟ females. Both smokers and non-smokers indicated knowledge of increased risks of smoking and supported the strict anti-smoking legislation that has been implemented in South Africa. However, smokers minimised their personal risk of smoking related ill effects. These results suggest that anti-smoking strategies should consider the optimistic bias among smokers that leads them to minimise their susceptibility to smoking related illnesses.Key words: Smoking, tobacco, risk perception, anti-smoking legislation, students.
openalex: W2996686365 mag: 2996686365
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Factors That Influence the Quality and Relevance of Early Childhood Education in Kenya: Multiple Case Studies of Nairobi and Machakos Districts - Wawire, Violet (2011)
openalex: W142920770 mag: 142920770
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Stress among Mansoura (Egypt) baccalaureate nursing students - Amr, Amostafa; El‐Gilany, Abdel‐Hady; El-Moafee, Hanan; Salama, Lamea; Jiménez, Cristóbal Jiménez (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
Over the last years, details regarding levels of stress and sources of stress have emerged in studies of nursing students in Western population To date, there only few similar reports on clinical stress, anxiety, depression among the Arab population .This study was conducted to examine the level of perceived stress among baccalaureate Mansoura nursing students and to highlight the possible predicting factors.In this cross- sectional study, Data were obtained from 373 students using a self-administered questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographics, list of possible stressors, perceived stress, physical wellbeing factors, anxiety and depressive symptoms.Prevalence of high stress level, anxiety and depression were 40.2%, 46.6% and 27.9%, respectively. On average each student reported a mean of 4.6 stressors and academic pressures were the most frequent stressors .In regression analysis the number of stressors and global sickness index score were predictors of high stress level.These findings call for introduction of stress management programs and psychiatric care into nursing health services of the University.
openalex: W2125139025 mag: 2125139025
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Yemen, Republic of - RY-Second Vocational Training Project : P086308 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 09 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
openalex: W1557708838 mag: 1557708838
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Gender disparities in access to University education in Kenya - Cherotich, Caroline (2011)
openalex: W2301946108 mag: 2301946108
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Differences between African American and European American first-year college students in the relationship between self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and academic achievement - DeFreitas, Stacie Craft (Social Psychology of Education, 2011)
openalex: W2043790451 mag: 2043790451
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Effectiveness of government bursary fund programme in enhancing girl child access to secondary education in Kajiado District, Kenya - Fedha, Flora (2011)
Department of Educational Administration, Planning and Curriculum Development,128p.The LB 2849.k4F55 2008
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The impact of health education on the prevalence of faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections among school children in a rural community in Cameroon - Kamga, Henri Lucien Fouamno; Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Atanga, Mary Bi Suh; Njunda, Anna Longdoh; Assob, Jules Clément Nguedia; Fon, Peter Nde; Fomumbod, Solange Akwi (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
Faecal-orally transmitted parasites are those parasites which are spread through faecal contamination of food and drinks. Infections with these parasites are among the most common in the world being responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in children. This study was carried out to determine the impact of health education on the prevalence of faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections among primary school children in a typical African rural community.An intervention study was conducted in two villages in the South-West Region of Cameroon. A total of 370 volunteer pupils aged between 5-15 years were enrolled in the study out of which 208 were from Kake II (experimental arm) and 162 from Barombi-Kang (control arm). The research was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, stool samples were collected from all participants and analyzed using the formol-ether concentration technique and health education was given to the pupils in the experimental village but not in the control village. Phase 2 was conducted six months later during which only stool samples were collected and analyzed from both villages.Before health education intervention (phase 1) faecal-orally transmitted parasites were present in 106 (50.9%) stool specimens collected in Kake II and in 84 (51.5%) of those collected in Barombi-kang. The difference in prevalence between these two villages was not significant (P>0.05). After health education intervention (phase 2), 56 (26.9%) stool specimens were positive for faecal-oral parasite in Kake II and 92 (54.7%) in Barombi-kang, and the difference in prevalence between these two villages was statistically significant (P0.05). The change in the prevalence of infection was significant in Kake II (50.9% vs. 26.9%, P0.05). Hence, health education applied in the experimental village was responsible for the drop in the prevalence observed, especially among pupils infected with Ascaris lumbricoides (24.9% vs. 3.4%, P=0.004)Health education through the framework of schools can be used as a strategy for the control of faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections among children in African rural communities.
openalex: W2118810140 mag: 2118810140
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A Kenyan perspective on the use of animals in science education and scientific research in Africa and prospects for improvement - Kimwele, Charles; Matheka, Duncan Mwangangi; Ferdowsian, Hope (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
Animal experimentation is common in Africa, a region that accords little priority on animal protection in comparison to economic and social development. The current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of animal experimentation in Kenya, and to review shortfalls in policy, legislation, implementation and enforcement that result in inadequate animal care in Kenya and other African nations.Data was collected using questionnaires, administered at 39 highly ranked academic and research institutions aiming to identify those that used animals, their sources of animals, and application of the three Rs. Perceived challenges to the use of non-animal alternatives and common methods of euthanasia were also queried. Data was analyzed using Epidata, SPSS 16.0 and Microsoft Excel.Thirty-eight (97.4%) of thirty-nine institutions reported using animals for education and/or research. Thirty (76.9%) institutions reported using analgesics or anesthetics on a regular basis. Thirteen (33.3%) institutions regularly used statistical methods to minimize the use of animals. Overall, sixteen (41.0%) institutions explored the use of alternatives to animals such as cell cultures and computer simulation techniques, with one (2.6%) academic institution having completely replaced animals with computer modeling, manikins and visual illustrations. The commonest form of euthanasia employed was chloroform administration, reportedly in fourteen (29.8%) of 47 total methods (some institutions used more than one method). Twenty-eight (71.8%) institutions had no designated ethics committee to review or monitor protocols using animals.Animals are commonly used in academic and research institutions in Kenya. The relative lack of ethical guidance and oversight regarding the use of animals in research and education presents significant concerns.
openalex: W2109155408 mag: 2109155408
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HIV exposure and related newborn morbidity and mortality in the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon - Monebenimp, Francisca; De, Nga-Essono; Ac, Zoung-Kany Bissek; Chelo, David; Ekoe, Tetanye (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
Introduction: Few studies have established the role of maternal HIV infection on neonatal disease and death.In order to determine whether neonatal morbidity and mortality were associated to maternal HIV infection, a case-control study was conducted in the neonatal unit of the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé from July 2006 to December 2007.Methods: Babies born from HIV positive mothers were recruited as cases.For each case, two babies born from HIV negative mothers were selected as controls.Informed verbal consent was obtained from the mother before inclusion of the newborn in the study.Information on demographics, history of pregnancy, diseases and outcome of the newborns were extracted from patients' files.The distribution of these parameters between cases and control was analyzed using chi-square.Association of demographics, clinical and paraclinical parameters with mortality was explored using univariate analysis and logistic regression.Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 Windows.Results: Out of 240 newborns enrolled, 80 were cases and were 160 controls.The mean age of cases was 1.69±2.73days compared to 1.46±2.36days for controls (p=0.26).Cases significantly differed from controls on mother's marital status (p=0.02),level of education (p<0.001),number of prenatal consultations (p<0.001),anemia chemoprophylaxis (p=0.01) and drug abuse (p<0.001).Cases and controls were similar for prematurity, respiratory distress, sepsis, meningitis and urinary tract infection.The death rate was identical in both groups (p=0.52).Using Univariate analysis, risk factors associated to mortality in both groups were prematurity (p<0.001) and low birth weight (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study showed no statistical difference in morbidity and mortality between newborns from HIV positive and HIV negative mothers.
openalex: W2085929884 mag: 2085929884
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Exploriing viability of decentralisation policy on public secondary schools in Kenya: Case of Vihiga District - Mukabi, Imende Thomas (2011)
openalex: W1823915382 mag: 1823915382
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The headteachers' leadership styles, effectiveness and students academic achievement in Siaya District, Kenya - Ochiel, David william Okoth (2011)
openalex: W2287904496 mag: 2287904496
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Factors influencing students' performance in mapwork in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E) examination in Gucha district, Kenya - Onserio, Ntabo Geoffrey (2011)
openalex: W2303580073 mag: 2303580073
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Sources of drug information and their influence on the prescribing behaviour of doctors in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria - Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Oreagba, Ibrahim Adekunle; Adeyemi, Olayinka (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
Background: Pharmaceutical drug promotion is a means of informing health professionals about new drugs.The approach is often times unethical and inappropriate and may promote irrational prescribing.Dearth of information on impact of pharmaceutical drug promotion on prescribing behaviour of doctors in developing African countries has necessitated this study.We therefore aimed to determine the sources of drug information for doctors working in a teaching hospital in Nigeria and to assess the self-reported impact of the sources on their prescribing behaviour.Methods: A total of 163 doctors working at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan in Nigeria were evaluated with a questionnaire for their demographics and sources of drug information.For doctors who relied on drug promotion, they were asked to self-report and self-rate their opinion on extent of interactions with pharmaceutical companies as well as how such interactions had impacted on their prescribing behaviour.Apart from the demographics, each question was evaluated with a typical five-level Likert item.Data analyses were with simple descriptive statistics.Results: Of the 400 doctors working at UCH, only 40.8% participated in the study.Drug information was sourced from colleagues (161, 98.8%), reference books (158, 96.9%), pharmaceutical sales representatives-PSRs (152, 93.2%), promotion materials (151, 92.6%), scientific papers/journals/internet (149, 91.4%), and drug promotion forum/product launches (144, 88.3%).Each source was highly utilized but there was no wide variation in their pattern of use.According to the self-report of over a half of the respondents, PSRs was an accurate and reliable drug information resource; PSRs increased their awareness of the promoted drugs; and their prescribing behaviours were influenced by information from PSRs.Conclusion: Respondents tend to rely on a broad range of drug information resources which include potentially inappropriate resources such as PSRs.Since this study was based on self-report, the influence of drug information resources reported by the respondents on their prescribing behaviour may have been underestimated.Measures should be taken to minimize interactions between PSRs and the respondents.
openalex: W2107427602 mag: 2107427602
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Global economy interacts with climate change to jeopardize species conservation: the case of the greater flamingo in the Mediterranean and West Africa - Béchet, Arnaud; Rendón‐Martos, Manuel; Rendón, Miguel A.; Amat, Juan A.; Johnson, Alan R.; Gauthier‐Clerc, Michel (Environmental Conservation, 2011)
The conservation of many species depends on sustainable economic activities that shape their habitats. The economic use of these anthropogenic habitats may change quickly owing to world trade globalization, market reorientations, price volatility or shifts in subsidy policies. The recent financial crisis has produced a global impact on the world economy. How this may have affected the use of habitats beneficial to biodiversity has not yet been documented. However, consequences could be particularly acute for species sensitive to climate change, jeopardizing long-term conservation efforts.
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RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA - Ofuoku, A.U. (Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011)
Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.
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RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA - Ofuoku, Albert Ukaro (Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011)
Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.
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Storms and heat limit the nest success of Bank Cormorants: implications of future climate change for a surface-nesting seabird in southern Africa - Sherley, Richard B.; Ludynia, Katrin; Underhill, Les G.; Jones, R.; Kemper, Jessica (Journal of Ornithology, 2011)
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Evaluation of the cost of therapy for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Suleiman, Ismail A.; Tayo, Fola (Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 2011)
Abstract Objective To determine the cost of therapy to patients of sexually transmitted infections in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Methods A retrospective drug-utilization evaluation in conjunction with cost-of-illness analysis was used. Two hundred and twenty seven case notes containing 310 prescriptions of patients with sexually transmitted infections were examined over a 1-year period between 2005 and 2006. Relevant data including demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs and dosages were extracted and the associated costs, direct and indirect, were evaluated. Key findings Disease occurrence was higher among the most productive work force group of 21–40 years (59.0%), which had 82.0% of the prescriptions. The overall average cost of antibacterial agents for sexually transmitted infection per patient (n = 227) was NGN977.85 (US$7.52) while the overall average cost per prescription (n = 310) was NGN716.04 ($5.51). The highest average cost of antibacterial agents of NGN2028.00 ($15.60) was obtained for chlamydial infection. The overall average of cost of therapy per patient (n = 227) was NGN2610.65 ($20.08). Chlamydial infection had the highest overall average cost of therapy, at NGN5408.92 ($41.60). The discounted average total cost of therapy for the year 2010 was $48.23 for chlamydial infection. Antibacterial agents constituted the highest cost component (37.5%) followed by indirect costs (26.5%). The average cost of therapy per patient of NGN2610.65 ($20.04) gave a 2010 discounted value of $23.23. Conclusion The cost of therapy for these infections to patients and the nation as a whole is huge.
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Factors contributing to primary schools' teacher turnover in Sigor Division, Bomet District, Kenya - Susu, D. Kiradi (2011)
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Subject Music in rural South African schools : challenges and solutions within a comparative context - Vuuren, Eurika Jansen van (2011)
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An Intergroup Perspective on School Success: Turkish & Moroccan Minorities in Western Europe - Baysu, Gülseli (2011)
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Privatization of Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Degefa, Demoze (2011)
This book examines global pressures for and national responses to privatization of higher education in SSA by closely analyzing the Ethiopian and Kenyan cases. It particularly focuses on the analysis of the forces that trigger privatization policy across SSA and whether and how national policy making adjusts global privatization imperatives to local conditions by focusing on issues of quality and equity in higher education. Taking the Ethiopia and Kenyan cases,it argues that privatization is a global solution for local problems of higher education in the Ethiopian and Kenyan cases. Much of the impetus for the current privatization policy comes from global opinion makers who are responsible for creating and sustaining higher education crises. National policy makers in the cases have adopted privatization policy uncritically to their respective systems only to end up in another series of higher education crises.
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Employment and education discrimination against disabled people in Cape Verde - Échevin, Damien (Applied Economics, 2011)
This article assesses the employment and school enrolment gaps between disabled and nondisabled persons using the last Cape Verdean census. The unexplained part of these gaps accounts for most of them, whatever the age group considered. Furthermore, differences in age structures between disabled and nondisabled persons have almost no effect on these gaps. Taking into account potential misclassification errors in the disability variable seems to change only marginally these results. These findings thus suggest that there is scope for programs to better target and promote employment and education of the disabled in Cape Verde.
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Optimal Size and Economies of Scale in Public Secondary Schools, Kenya - Gravenir, F.Q.; Ndiritu, John; Olembo, J. O. (2011)
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Secretory products of guinea pig epicardial fat induce insulin resistance and impair primary adult rat cardiomyocyte function - Greulich, Sabrina; Wiza, Daniella Herzfeld de; Preilowski, Sebastian; Ding, Zhaoping; Mueller, Heidi; Langin, Dominique; Jaquet, Kornélia; Ouwens, D. Margriet; Eckel, Jürgen (Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Print), 2011)
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been implicated in the development of heart disease. Nonetheless, the crosstalk between factors secreted from EAT and cardiomyocytes has not been studied. Here, we examined the effect of factors secreted from EAT on contractile function and insulin signalling in primary rat cardiomocytes. EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were isolated from guinea pigs fed a high-fat (HFD) or standard diet. HFD feeding for 6 months induced glucose intolerance, and decreased fractional shortening and ejection fraction (all P < 0.05). Conditioned media (CM) generated from EAT and SAT explants were subjected to cytokine profiling using antibody arrays, or incubated with cardiomyocytes to assess the effects on insulin action and contractile function. Eleven factors were differentially secreted by EAT when compared to SAT. Furthermore, secretion of 30 factors by EAT was affected by HFD feeding. Most prominently, activin A-immunoreactivity was 6.4-fold higher in CM from HFD versus standard diet-fed animals and, 2-fold higher in EAT versus SAT. In cardiomyocytes, CM from EAT of HFD-fed animals increased SMAD2-phosphorylation, a marker for activin A-signalling, decreased sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a expression, and reduced insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt-Ser473 versus CM from SAT and standard diet-fed animals. Finally, CM from EAT of HFD-fed animals as compared to CM from the other groups markedly reduced sarcomere shortening and cytosolic Ca(2+) fluxes in cardiomyocytes. These data provide evidence for an interaction between factors secreted from EAT and cardiomyocyte function.
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Contextualizing Theological Education in East Africa - Joshua, Stephen Muoki (2011)
The presence of religion in higher education institutions as an academic discipline has far reaching implications. Indeed, its agenda, whether it is meant to train for religious ordinances and reflect on dogma (theology) or it is a study of religious phenomena in society (religious studies) has been highly contested over the centuries. For Africa, religious enquiry is more complex on account of the missionary factor. The fast changing trends that are specific to a context such as Kenya, for instance, as well as global social processes such as globalization and secularism necessitate creative and realistic reflection on the agenda, purpose, pattern, and relevance of all what is done in the name of either theological or religious education. This book argues for contextualization of theological education using a case of the Free Pentecostal Church in Kenya (FPFK).
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Impact of water pollution on Nairobi river, Kenya - Kinyanjui, Anne Wanjiru (2011)
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High‐resolution simulation of a major West African dust‐storm: comparison with observations and investigation of dust impact - Kocha, Cécile; Lafore, Jean‐Philippe; Tulet, Pierre; Seity, Yann (Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2011)
Abstract This study focuses on the radiative impacts of dust on the thermodynamics and dynamics of a major Saharan dust‐storm that occurred between 7 and 15 March 2006. The implementation of a dust module within the convective‐scale operational model AROME permitted a 10‐day simulation at high resolution (5 km) over a large domain (6.5–30°N; 3°W–33°E). The model is able to represent most of the life cycle of this dust‐storm and of the principal dust sources. According to the comparison with a complete and comprehensive set of measurements obtained within the framework of the AMMA field campaign in 2006, the simulation succeeds in representing the main thermodynamic and radiative features of the storm both qualitatively and quantitatively. As compared with a simulation without the dust, the coupling with the dust module provides signatures of the storm that are in better agreement with radiation and temperature observations. The intense heating in the core of the dust plume (more than 2°C) resulted in a large vertical dipole of potential vorticity anomaly with higher values at low levels and weaker values at mid levels, either in the lower and the upper part of the dust plume respectively. This shows that the coupling with dust reinforces the intensity of the cold extratropical outbreak with more ascent at the cold front, more cyclonic convergence near the surface, and more anticyclonic divergence aloft. Also, the subsidence is increased at the rear of the outbreak with more northerly winds. A major result is the acceleration of the easterly along‐front flow (∼3 m s −1 ) at low levels and in the African Easterly Jet, increasing the emission of dust and its westward long‐range transport. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
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Effects of the Jigsaw Technique on the Performance of Students with Visual Impairment in Geography at Thika high School for the Blind. Kenya - Muinde, Hellen Muthio (2011)
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Challenges faced by teachers in implementing HIV/AIDS curriculum in primary schools for pupils with hearing impairments in Rift Valley Province, Kenya - Mutai, Paul Kipkorir (2011)
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Student perspectives of a graduate bridging course in astronomy and astrophysics in South Africa - Nwosu, Victoria; Demaree, Dedra; Li, Sissi; Allie, Saalih (Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2011)
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The meanings of suicidal behaviour to psychology students in Ghana: A qualitative approach - Osafo, Joseph; Hjelmeland, Heidi; Akotia, Charity S.; Knizek, Birthe Loa (Transcultural Psychiatry, 2011)
The objective of this study was to examine psychology students' attitudes toward suicidal behaviour and the meanings they assign to the act. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 final year psychology students at a university in Ghana. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the students had a generalized negative attitude toward suicide. Religious beliefs and family harmony are cultural contexts influencing the interpretation of suicidal behaviour as breach of divine and communal moralities. The implications of these meanings of suicidal behaviour for suicide prevention in Ghana are discussed.
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Human Resource Availability and Students' Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in North West Geo – Political Zone of Nigeria - Adegbemile, Oluwadare (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
The study examined the Human Resource Availability and Students` Academic Performance in North West Geo Political Zone of Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Secondary schools principals’ drawn randomly across the zone were respondents to the Human Resource Availability and Academic Performance of Secondary Schools Questionnaire (HRAAPSSQ) which was used to collect relevant data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the quality of teachers in the zone was not adequate and students' academic performance was a matter of concern; that there was a significant relationship between the quality of teachers and students' academic performance; there was a significant difference between academic performance of the male and female students. It was recommended that the non - professional and NCE teachers be encouraged to pursue in-service training. Remedial teaching is recommended for weak students. Key Words: Human Resource, Academic Performance, Teachers, Senior Secondary School and Nigeria.
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Selection Process for Third and Fourth Grade African American Gifted and Talented: A Case Study in One Urban School District - Brazile, Ruth Delories (2011)
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West Bank and Gaza - WBG: Tertiary Education Project : P083767 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 13 - Cuadra, Ernesto P. (2011)
openalex: W2916505058 mag: 2916505058
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[Realities and professional expectations of medical students attending Guinea Bissau's medical school in 2007 school year]. - Fronteira, Inês; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra; Silva, Augusto P; Mercer, Hugo; Dussault, Guilles; Ferrinho, Paulo (PubMed, 2011)
In Guinea Bissau, the majority of university level professionals are still being trained abroad and most of them do not return to their country. This was a major incentive for creating Guinea Bissau's Medical School. An observational, cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted on the second trimester of 2007 to characterize the socio-demographic, familial and educational profile of medical students, their satisfaction levels, difficulties and expectations concerning the medicine course. A questionnaire was used and a response rate of 63% achieved (81 students). Data was analyzed using SPSS v.17 for descriptive statistics. Students are very committed to their education. They tend to decide to take the medicine course early in their lives and are influenced by their relatives. They choose to be medical doctors because they like it but also for altruistic reasons and the desire to save lives. Although many face financial and material difficulties, they tend to have success in their academic live. They live with their parents, do not have children and some have side jobs to provide for extra income to help with their education. They expect their education to make them good doctors in any part of the world and want to work simultaneously in the public (to serve their country and pay their debt to the State) and in the private sector (to enhance their income). The large majority wants to work in a hospital, in Bissau, and to be a pediatrician or obstetrician. They have unreasonably high expectations concerning their future income as medical doctors.
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Assessment of agricultural drought using a simple water balance model in the Free State Province of South Africa - Moeletsi, Mokhele Edmond; Walker, Sue (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2011)
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Attitude of Nigeria Secondary School Students towards Physical Education as a Predictor of Achievement in the Subject - Orunaboka, T. T. (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
The traditional idea about physical education as jumping and running, and had no academic value have been the opinions of Nigeria parents and public. Physical education as an academic and science subject finds its self on across road. This study ascertained the relationship between secondary school students' attitudes towards physical education and their achievement in the subject. Two instruments were used; Physical Education Achievement Test (PEAT) and Physical Education Attitude Scale (PEAS) for data collection. Three research questions guided the study. 112 physical Education students from 40 secondary schools in the South-South Geo-Political zone (Niger Delta States) of Nigeria (Rivers State, Abia State, Imo State, Akwa Ibom State, Cross River State, Delta State, Edo State and Bayelsa State). The collected data were analyzed using mean score and t-test statistics. It was found that most students exhibit negative attitudes towards physical education while positive relationship was expressed between students' attitudes and their achievement in the subject. Based on the findings, four (4) recommendations were made for an improvement. Some of the recommendations were; (a)students should not be forced to read subjects or courses that do not interest them. (b)Teachers of physical education at all levels (primary, post primary and post secondary) should direct more of their effort by developing the right attitudes towards physical education as a science subject. Keywords: Physical Education Achievement test; Attitudes, physical education attitude scale, science subject, academic value.
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Technical and Vocational Education: Key to Poverty Alleviation in the Third World with Particular Reference to Nigeria - Oseni, Abubakar Idris; Ehikioya, John Osemen; Ali-Momoh, Betty (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
Education is considered to be the key to effective development strategies, technical and vocational education is the master key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life for all and help achieve sustainable development. This study sets out to examine the potency of technical and vocational education as a key for poverty alleviation. The concept and the scope of technical and vocational education was discussed as well as the causes of poverty and its alleviation through technical and vocational education. It was concluded that no meaningful poverty alleviation can be achieved by any nation without effective and efficient technical and vocational education programmes. It was therefore recommended that there should be emphasis on the practical aspect of vocational education so as to enhance the production of productive members of the nation's labour force who will be self-reliant or employable in an industry or company. The man power needs of technical and vocational schools should be met by employing people who have the basic human capacity, and knowledge of vocational courses. Proper funding of technical and vocational education by the government, nongovernmental organizations, private individuals and the society should be provided. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Poverty Alleviation, Self-reliant, Technical Education and Vocational Education.
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Organizational Learning and Sustainable Competitive Advantages (SCA): The Nigerian Experience - Oyeniyi, Omotayo (Journal of Economics and Business Research, 2011)
The purpose of this paper is to test for core competencies of organizations in achieving sustainable competitive advantage within the service organizations in a developing economy like Nigeria. The paper specifically deals with the importance of organizational learning on sustainable competitive advantage and how it can be used to achieve sustainable advantage. Despite the wide spread importance attached to building sustainable competitive advantage, the relationship between organizational learning and sustainable advantage has received scant empirical attention. The study empirically examined the relationships between organizational learning and sustainable competitive advantage as well as the impact of organizational learning on sustainable competitive advantage. The results suggest that organizational learning is positively related to sustainable competitive advantage and has the potential of improving sustainable competitive advantage.
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What Post-Qaddafi Libya Has to Learn From Afghanistan - Semple, Michael (Foreign Affairs, 2011)
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Education and Development in Zimbabwe: A Social, Political and Economic Analysis - Shizha, Edward; Kariwo, Michael T. (2011)
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The Changing Climate of Africa Part I: Introduction and Eastern Africa - Spinage, C. A. (2011)
Describing conditions similar to the twenty-first century, perhaps the earliest written record of climate in Africa is that of Theophrastus (372–287 B.C.) who wrote of the Red Sea coast that “a little north of Koptos [on the Egyptian Red Sea shore] there grows on the land no tree except that called the thirsty Acacia [A. tortilis], and even this is scarce by reason of the heat and lack of water, for it never rains except at intervals of 4 or 5 years, and then the rain comes down heavily and it is soon over” (Hort 1916–1926).
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The Changing Climate of Africa Part II: West Africa and the Sahel - Spinage, C. A. (2011)
The Sahel experienced a particularly marked increase in rainfall from 1870 to 1880, but towards 1895 a marked tendency to lower rainfall culminated in a severe drought about 1910 to 1920. Some improvement in rainfall occurred after 1920, and there was relatively abundant rainfall in the Sahel in the 1950s, but probably never reaching the optimum of the nineteenth century. After the mid-1960s a long period of severe drought ensued. At the beginning of the twenty-first century Sahel rainfall was quite stable around the 1961–1990 average of 371 mm, although this period is about 25% drier than earlier decades in the twentieth century. Nicholson (1976) concludes that a less frequently occurring drought pattern as seen in 1907, 1949, 1965, 1971, and 1973, shows much similarity to the climatic situation of about 20000–15000 B.P., with decreased rainfall over much of Africa but a large area of above normal rainfall in the north-west.
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The Changing Climate of Africa Part III: Southern Africa - Spinage, C. A. (2011)
Most of South Africa’s climate is dominated by semi-permanent high pressure cells controlling the major upper-air circulation patterns. Through the combined effects of a stable relatively persistent South Atlantic anticyclone and the cold Benguela current, the west coast experiences arid conditions. While the South Atlantic high pressure cell exhibits small irregular longitudinal fluctuations, the South Indian oceanic anticyclone moves substantially eastward in summer and shifts westward towards the east coast in winter. These differences in stable anticyclonic control produce a decline in precipitation from east to west. Recent studies have established a strong correlation between rainfall anomalies in parts of the southern Africa summer rainfall zone since 1820 and extreme high and low phases of the Southern Oscillation. High phases of the latter, cold event summers, broadly correlate with above average rainfall; while low phases, warm event summers, are associated with drought in southern Africa. Dry as opposed to wet conditions over Southern Africa result from weakening of the tropical easterlies and strengthening of expansion equatorwards of westerlies.
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The Changing Climate of Africa Part IV: Its Effects - Spinage, C. A. (2011)
Lamb (1966) showed that rainfall dropped sharply around the years 1890–1910 in tropical and subtropical latitudes throughout the world, recovering, or beginning to recover, from 1940 to 1950 after having been at a minimum in the intervening decades. Similar trends were shown in many places near to the equator. The years 1880–1895 were very wet in Africa heralding the decrease which started about the 1890s. Only since 1961 have rainfall levels been similar to the end of nineteenth century levels, and the year 2007 witnessed some of the heaviest rainfall known from east to west in Africa north of the equator, with extensive flooding in Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, and Uganda, with even worse in 2010 extending to southern Africa also.
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Improving physics problem solving skills of students of Somanya Senior High Secondary Technical School in the Yilo Krobo District of Eastern Region of Ghana - Taale, Kodjo Donkor (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
The main objective of the study was to improve the problem solving skills of physics students and for that matter increase their interest in physics and science at large. The main instrument used to collect data was test items. The test items consisted of pre-test and post-test items. A population of 16 students was involved in the study. Duration of four week's intervention plan with the class using an innovative method of teaching problem solving strategy was employed. The data collected from pre-test and post-test were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The post-test analysis manifested that there had been an improvement in the way students solve physics problems. The perception of the students that physics is too difficult appeared to have waned. Students who once feared solving physics problems now ask for more exercises and assignments after the lesson has been taught. Key words: Physics problem solving skills, West African Examinations Council, metacognition, heuristics, Competent Problem Solver Method, understanding basic mechanics method, experts and novices' approach to problem solving, action research.
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West Bank and Gaza - Teacher Education Improvement Project : P111394 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 03 - Cuadra, Ernesto P. (2011)
openalex: W2917194018 mag: 2917194018
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A Survey of the Dictionary Use of Gabonese Students 349-365 at Two South African Universities Guy-Modeste Ekwa Ebanéga and Fatima Tomba Moussavou - Ebanégar, Guy-Modeste Ekwa; Moussavou, Fatima Tomba (Lexikos, 2011)
This article presents a preliminary study on Gabonese users' knowledge, opinions, attitudes and habits of the use of dictionaries, and their dictionary culture. It is based on the principle that the lexicographer should know the target users and their needs (Householder and Saporta 1962: 279). The aim of the article is to present and discuss research findings of a lexicographic survey conducted among 100 Gabonese students at the University of Stellenbosch and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology with regard to dictionary use and culture. In this article, we discuss the objective of the research, the research subjects, the research methods, the research coverage, the research findings, the description and the critical analysis of the data.Keywords: SURVEY, QUESTIONNAIRE, GABONESE USERS, DICTIONARY CULTURE,NEEDSRésumé: Une enquête de l'utilisation du dictionnaire des étudiants gabonaisà deux universités sud-africaines. Cet article présente une étude préliminaire sur laconnaissance des utilisateurs gabonais, leurs avis, leurs attitudes et leurs habitudes de l'utilisationdes dictionnaires, et leur culture de dictionnaire. Il est basé sur le principe selon lequel le lexicographedevrait connaître les usagers cibles et leurs besoins (Householder et Saporta 1962: 279). Lebut de l'article est de présenter et discuter des résultats de recherches d'une enquête lexicographiqueconduite parmi 100 étudiants gabonais à l'Université de Stellenbosch et à l'Université CapePeninsula de Technologie en ce qui concerne l'utilisation et la culture du dictionnaire. Dans cetarticle nous discutons l'objectif de la recherche, les informants, les méthodes de la recherche,l'assurance de la recherche, les résultats de la recherche, la description et l'analyse critique desdonnées.Mots-clés: ENQUÊTE, QUESTIONNAIRE, USAGERS GABONAIS, CULTURE DU DICTIONNAIRE,BESOINS
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Assessment of annual whole-body occupational radiation exposure in education, research and industrial sectors in Ghana (2000-09) - Hasford, Francis; Owusu-Banahene, J.; Otoo, Francis; Adu, Simon; Sosu, Edem; Amoako, J. K.; Darko, E. O.; Emi-Reynolds, G.; Nani, E. K.; Boadu, Mary; Arwui, C. C.; Yeboah, Joseph Yaw (Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2011)
Institutions in the education, research and industrial sectors in Ghana are quite few in comparison to the medical sector. Occupational exposure to radiation in the education, research and industrial sectors in Ghana have been analysed for a 10 y period between 2000 and 2009, by extracting dose data from the database of the Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. Thirty-four institutions belonging to the three sectors were monitored out of which ∼65% were in the industrial sector. During the 10 y study period, monitored institutions ranged from 18 to 23 while the exposed workers ranged from 246 to 156 between 2000 and 2009. Annual collective doses received by all the exposed workers reduced by a factor of 2 between 2000 and 2009. This is seen as a reduction in annual collective doses in education/research and industrial sectors by ∼39 and ∼62%, respectively, for the 10 y period. Highest and least annual collective doses of 182.0 man mSv and 68.5 man mSv were all recorded in the industrial sector in 2000 and 2009, respectively. Annual average values for dose per institution and dose per exposed worker decreased by 49 and 42.9%, respectively, between 2000 and 2009. Average dose per exposed worker for the 10 y period was least in the industrial sector and highest in the education/research sector with values 0.6 and 3.7 mSv, respectively. The mean of the ratio of annual occupationally exposed worker (OEW) doses for the industrial sector to the annual OEW doses for the education/research sector was 0.67, a suggestion that radiation protection practices are better in the industrial sector than they are in the education/research sector. Range of institutional average effective doses within the education/research and industrial sectors were 0.059-6.029, and 0.110-2.945 mSv, respectively. An average dose per all three sectors of 11.87 mSv and an average dose per exposed worker of 1.12 mSv were realised for the entire study period. The entire study period had 187 instances in which exposed workers received individual annual doses >1 mSv, with exposed workers in the education/research sector primarily receiving most of this individual dose.
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Prevalence of sickle cell, malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among primary school children in Nyamagana District, Mwanza-Tanzania - Kamugisha, Erasmus; Manyama, Mnofu; Rambau, P. P.; Hd, Mazigo; Mshana, S. S.; Masesa, Zablon (Tanzania Medical Journal, 2011)
Background: Sickle cell disease and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency are relatively common genetic disorders in population exposed to malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of these two genetic disorders differs between different malaria transmission areas.Objectives: This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and co-existence of sickle cell, malaria and G6PD deficiency in school children and determine their association with anaemia.Methods: Venous blood samples from 385 school children aged 9 to 18 years and then fluorescent spot test, cyanmethaemoglobin, sickling test and haemoglobin electrophoresis methods were performed to determine G6PD deficiency, haemoglobin level and sickle cell traits. Two thick and one thin smear were prepared from the obtained blood samples for diagnosis of malaria parasites parasitaemia.Results: Of 385 children 63(16.4 %) were found to have malaria parasites; sickle cell traits/ disease and G-6-PD deficiency was observed in 40(10.4 %) and 20 (5.2 %) respectively. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency + malaria, sickle cell traits + malaria and sickle cell + G6PD deficiency were 6.3%, 20% and 10% respectively. Low hemoglobin (<100mg/dl) was observed in 157 (40.8 %) of children. Asymptomatic malaria and G6PD deficiency were found significantly to contribute to low hemoglobin among school children (P<0.001). Schools with higher prevalence of asymptomatic malaria had also higher prevalence of both G6PD deficiency and sickle celltraits (P<0.05). Malaria, anaemia and genetic disorders were significantly found more in peri-urban school than urban schools (p=0.0001).Conclusion and recommendation: Asymptomatic malaria infection is prevalent in individuals with G6PD deficiency and sickle cells traits in our setting, and this confirms the protection of genetic disorders against severe malaria. School children from peri-urban schools were more affected by malaria, anaemia and genetic disorders, more studies are recommended in these areas.Key words: Prevalence, sickle cell, malaria, G6PD deficiency, Tanzania
openalex: W2002090271 mag: 2002090271
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Neurodevelopmental impairment among infants born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected mothers from three peri-urban primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe - Kandawasvika, Gwendoline; Ogundipe, Enitan; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Kurewa, Edith Nyaradzai; Mapingure, Munyaradzi; Stray‐Pedersen, Babill (Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2011)
The aim of this article is to document the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) among infants enrolled in a programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in Zimbabwe using the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS).We prospectively followed up infants at three primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. Neurodevelopmental assessments using the BINS were conducted during the first 12 months of life. NDI risk category and associated risk factors were examined.Of the 598 infants assessed, 305 (51%) were female and 293 (49%) were male. Sixty-five infants (11%) were infected with HIV, 188 (31%) were exposed but uninfected, 287 (48%) were unexposed, and 58 (10%) were of unknown status. The prevalence of a high risk of NDI was 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1-11.1%): 9.2% in males and 9.6% in females. Of the 598 infants, 549 (92%) had ever been breastfed, 49% of whom had mothers infected with HIV. The risk of NDI was higher among infants infected early with HIV, i.e. by 3 months of age (p value <0.001). The NDI high-risk category included twice as many infants infected with HIV as uninfected infants (odds ratio [OR] 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.3). After adjusting for other factors, head circumference and family financial subsistence remained risk factors for NDI with an OR of 2.22 (1.04-4.82) and 2.55 (1.02-6.36) respectively.The background prevalence of high-risk NDI category of 9.4% across groups seems high but is similar to that reported previously in developing countries. Integration of an early infant neurodevelopmental screening programme into child HIV management protocols will assist in the early referral of children exposed to HIV.
openalex: W1747770219 mag: 1747770219
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Grammatical Terminology for the Teaching of African Languages at Tertiary Level - Msimang, C. T. (Lexikos, 2011)
The article addresses the question Of the elaboration and modei'nisation of ,African languages to enable them to be used as language media for the teaching of African languages, particularly grammar. Whereas all institutions at tertiary level of education have undergone' a paradigm shift from teaching African languages in English and Afrikaans to teaching them in their own medium, the necessary terms to ensure efficiency in this process are lacking. Scholars therefore need to focus on tenn creation and thereafter standardization of the terminologies. Some flaws in the creation of African tenninologies in the past are highlighted and remedies suggested. It is recomme,nded that statutory bodies such as the Council for Higher Education (CHE) or the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), or academic bodies such as the African Languages Assodation of Southern Africa (ALASA) could be entrusted with the task of the standardization of these tenninologies.Keywords: AFRICAN LANGUAGES, LANGUAGE MEDIUM, GRAMMATICAL, TERMINOLOGY, TERM CREATION,. STANDARDIZATION Of TERMINOLOGY, TEACHING ATTERTIARY LEVELOpsomming: Grammatiese terminologie vir die onderrig vall Afrikatal~ optersiere vlak. Die artikel behandeldie vraag oor die uitbouing en,modernisering van Afrikataleom hulle in staat te stel om as taalmedia gebruik te word in die onderrig van Afrik3tale, veral taalkunde.'Waar aile inrigtings or tersiere opvoedkundige vlak 'n paradigmaverskuiwing ondergaanhet vanaf die onderrig van Afrikatale in Engels en Afrikaans na die onderrig daarvan in hul eiemedium, ontbreek die'nodige tenne' om doeltreffendheid in hierdie proses te verseker. Geleerdesmoet hulle daarom toespits op tennskepping en da~rna op die standaardisering van die tenninologiee.Sommige gebreke in die skepping van die Afrikataaltenninologiee in die verlede word beligen regstellings voorgestel. Daar word aanbeveel dat statutêre Iiggame soos die Raad op Heer Onderwys(RHO) of die Suid-Afrikaanse Kwalifikasieowerheid (SAKO), of akademiese verenigingssoos die Afrikatale-Vereniging van Suider-Afrika (AVSA) met die taak van die standaardisering van hierdie terrninologiee toevertrou word.Keywords: AFRIKATALE, TAALMEDIUM, GRAMMATIKA TERMINOLOGIE, TERMSKEPPING,TERMINOLOGIESTANDAARDISERlNG, ONDERRIG OP TERSIÊRE VLAK.
openalex: W1974897118 mag: 1974897118
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South African teachers’ conceptualisations of gradient: A study of historically disadvantaged teachers in an Advanced Certificate in Education programme - Mudaly, Vimolan; Moore‐Russo, Deborah (Pythagoras, 2011)
This study looked at how a group of South African secondary school mathematics teachers regarded the concept of gradient (slope). Results are reported from nine free-response items on a paper-and-pencil test administered to practising teachers who were pursuing qualifications to teach Grades 10–12 mathematics through an Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE) programme. The findings suggest that teachers’ understanding of gradient varies greatly. A number of teachers in the study demonstrated very little to no understanding of this important concept, whilst others demonstrated a strong understanding of gradient and were able to conceptualise it in many different ways. Implications for teacher professional development are considered.
openalex: W2072217784 mag: 2072217784
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Tectonomagmatic origin of some volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from the Lower Benue rift, Nigeria - Obiora, Smart C.; Charan, Nirmal S. (Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2011)
openalex: W1975602454 mag: 1975602454
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Gender and High School Organization: Insights on Leadership Styles in the Niger Delta Region - Opara, Jacinta A.; Oguzor, Nkasiobi Silas; Adebola, Helen Ebunoluwa; Adeyemi, Tunji O. (Journal of Economics and Business Research, 2011)
The position of the school principal as a leader is incontrovertible. The problems that plagues the school system are so numerous that those who are within the educational system are so overwhelmed not to talk of outsiders who are poised to ask such a pertinent question like “are the principals leading the schools well?” If the principals among the male and female are sophisticated with the theories and practice of management, to what extent do they quantitatively involve the rightful leadership styles to direct the affairs of their various schools? The sex of the principal has equally become very important in a study of this nature. Every person within the school system looks forward to the principals to give the appropriate leadership for others to follow. The sex of the principal from previous experience reveals that the strength of character and dynamism is needed to achieve or reach some administrative goals.The female principals may be intimidated by the enormity of the school problems and get carried away or accept the situation as it is. This study examined the quality valuation among the male and female principals in their choice of leadership styles in Rivers State of the Niger Deltaregion. The principals, the teachers and the student were all required to make their contributions to ascertain what style of leadership that is commonly adopted by the male on the one hand and the female principals on the other. The analysed data shows that the female principals qualitatively involve the democratic style of leadership than the men. The female principals also involve their staff in decision-making than does the male counterpart, the male principals, who adopted the democratic and the autocratic styles of leadership are quicker at the management of crises in schools than the female principals.
openalex: W1562619451 mag: 1562619451
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The Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in West Africa: An Assessment for the Oueme River Basin in Benin - Sonneveld, B.G.J.S.; Keyzer, M.A.; Adegbola, Patrice Ygué; Pande, Saket (Water Resources Management, 2011)
Climate change studies for West Africa tend to predict a reduced potential for farming that will affect the food security situation of an already impoverished population. However, these studies largely ignore farmers’ adaptations and market adjustments that mitigate predicted negative effects. The paper attempts to fill some of this gap through a spatially explicit evaluation of the impact of climate change on farm income in the Oueme River Basin (ORB), Benin. The ORB is in many respects representative for the middle belt of West Africa where the predominantly sparse occupation leaves potential for migration from more densely populated areas. We apply a number of structural, spatially explicit relationships estimated for the whole territory of Benin to simulate conditions in the ORB proper that are similar to those currently prevailing in the drier North, and the more humid South. Our scenario results factor out for the main crops cultivated the constituent effects on yields, area, and revenue per ton. We find that under average climate change conditions the current low yields are not reduced, provided that cropping patterns are adjusted, while price increases partly compensate for the remaining adverse effects on farmer income. Consequently, without any policy intervention, farm incomes remain relatively stable, albeit at low levels and with increased occurrence of crop failures after extreme droughts. Scenario simulations show that there are also beneficial aspects that can, with adequate interventions, even turn losses into gains. Main channel for improvement would be the reduction of fallow, which is particularly promising because it requires few adjustments in prevailing farming practices, exploits the potential of uncultivated land and improves the water use efficiency. It also enables the Basin's capacity to absorb future migrant flows from more severely affected neighboring Sahelian areas.
openalex: W2101983544 mag: 2101983544
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Computer Instructional Approach and Students’ Creative Ability in Sculpture Education in Nigeria Universities: Obafemi Awolowo University as a Case Study - Abass, Bada Tayo (World Journal of Education, 2011)
This paper assessed the use of computer assisted instruction in enhancing students' creative ability in sculpture education in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.The study adopted non-randomized pretest, posttest control group.Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).The mean score were used in testing the only research hypothesis.There was no significant difference in students' creativity ability in sculpture when taught using computer instructional and conventional approach.The results of data analysis using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and scheffe post -hoc showed that students with high and average creative ability benefited most than their counterparts in conventional teaching methods.It was concluded that application of computer in learning environment has significant influence on the student's performances in sculpture.
openalex: W2047670753 mag: 2047670753
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Teachers’ Professional Development and Quality Assurance in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Ayeni, Adeolu Joshua (World Journal of Education, 2011)
This study examined the relationship between teachers' instructional tasks and their qualifications and teaching experience.The descriptive survey design was used in the study.Respondents included 60 principals and 540 teachers randomly selected from 60 secondary schools.Selection of the secondary schools was based on stratified random sampling method.Data were collected using Teachers' Instructional Task Performance Rating Scale (TITPRS), Interview Guide for Principals (IGP) and Teachers' Focus Group Discussion Guide (TFGDG).Data collcted were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation statistics.There were significant relationships between teachers' qualifications and instructional task performance (r = 0.681 at p < 0.05), and between teachers' teaching experience and instructional task performance (r = 0.742 at p <0.05).The study concluded that teachers' instructional task performance can be enhanced with a good qualification and experience in teaching, while the challenges that teachers face in the tasks of instructional inputs and curriculum delivery require effective capacity development during service, so as to improve the quality of teaching in secondary schools and the overall quality of the education system.
openalex: W2161106647 mag: 2161106647
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Optimising Learning, Education and Publishing in Africa: The Language Factor - Ouane, Adama; Glanz, Christine (2011)
openalex: W2775457500 mag: 2775457500
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The Nigerian System of Education and the Need for Pragmatic Approach - Oyebamiji, M. A.; Omordu, Chidi (World Journal of Education, 2011)
This paper attempted to reveal some inadequacies inherent in the Nigerian system of education and, how the pragmatic approach to education can help solve the problems of disfunctionality of the system.It does this by explaining the aims and features of the pragmatic philosophy of education.Furthermore, the paper gave answers to two basic questions: (i) what really went wrong in the Nigerian education system?And, (ii) How did it start?The paper used education according to the needs of the society, learning by doing, life-long education, Teaching to be related to learners' interests and experience and, the promotion of democracy in schools as canon for explaining the implications of pragmatism to the Nigerian system of education.Finally it is the opinion of the writers that the inculcation of the pragmatic approach to education will help makes the Nigerian system of education functional.
openalex: W2072054075 mag: 2072054075
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Senegal - Quality Education for All Project - Phase 2 : P089254 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 10 - Seck, Atou (2011)
openalex: W2918022278 mag: 2918022278
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Salient e-learning with web applications: the case of the faculty of ICT in a South African university - Dehinbo, Johnson; Ojo, Sunday O. (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2011)
openalex: W1492460530 mag: 1492460530
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The Development of the Online Graduate Student Panel Experience for African American STEM Graduate Students - Gosha, Kinnis; James, Melva T.; Janifer, Anthony; Gilbert, Juan E. (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2011)
openalex: W2243436785 mag: 2243436785
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Assessment of Students’ Usage of Computers Technologies by Program at Botswana College of Agriculture - Hulela, Keba (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2011)
openalex: W2266086739 mag: 2266086739
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Integrating Mobile Technology into the Learning Process: An Experiment Based on the Botswana Context - Liu, Ya Qiang; Chakalisa, A P. A. (Communications in information science and management engineering, 2011)
Botswana has continued to invest a lot in ICTs with the realization that they are critical for socio-economic development.This has been coupled with provision of computers and internet connectivity in a number of secondary schools and other education settings.The ICT platform has become an important approach in promoting meaningful teaching and learning in schools.This article argues for the use of mobile technology in teaching as a novel learning environment that could promote active learning and afford students an opportunity to broaden their understanding of the environment around them.The paper illustrates utilization of mobile technology in Botswana through an experiment on the production of schematic diagram for Botswana National Botanical Garden.It reflects on lessons learnt which could be of benefit for the school learning process when utilizing mobile technology.The paper advocates for integrated use of various mobile technologies in teaching which could assist student learning.
openalex: W2335264934 mag: 2335264934
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An investigation into the factors affecting performance of tutors in private Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya : a case of St.Mary's and St.Paul's teachers' Colleges - Mathenge, Edward Kariuki (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 51p. The LB 1778.4.K4M37 2008
openalex: W2581415640 mag: 2581415640
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Evaluating the implementation of guidance and counselling in a Zimbabwean secondary school - Mawire, Tinos Leopold (2011)
openalex: W2118632792 mag: 2118632792
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Contextualized Framework For Learning Management Systems: The Case Of a South African Hiegher Learning Environment - Molebatsi, Mpaphi; Kekwaletswe, Ray (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2011)
openalex: W2211534652 mag: 2211534652
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Effectiveness of training programmes and thier impact on employee performance : a case of Kenya Red Cross Society - Muganda, Lynette Washiali (2011)
openalex: W2586696658 mag: 2586696658
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The administrative problems that public Secondary School head teachers face in Kenya : a case study of Kitui District - Ndana, John Mbuvi (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 46 p. The LB 2970 .K4N36 2008
openalex: W1510690190 mag: 1510690190
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Teaching Newborn Resuscitation to Midwives in Ghana - Abegglen, JoAnn (2011)
openalex: W2402290401 mag: 2402290401
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Measuring Household Vulnerability in the Context of Poverty Education: Evidence from Uganda - Angemi, Diego (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
While it has long been demonstrated (Rosenzweig and Binswanger, 1993; Banerjee and Newman, 1994) that considerations of risk and uncertainty are key to understand the dynamics leading to and perpetuating poverty, it is only recently that policy makers have taken a more active interest in trying to incorporate considerations of risk and vulnerability into their strategies to reduce poverty (Christiaensen and Subbarao, 2001). The aim of this paper is to quantify the severity of vulnerability by generating the first quantitative assessment of vulnerability in Uganda, a country at the forefront of poverty analysis. The findings support the hypothesis that during the past decade, alongside sharp reductions in poverty, vulnerability to poverty in Uganda declined from 57% in 1992/93 to 25% in 1999/00. Such results highlight the importance for policy makers to distinguish between the effective implementation of poverty-prevention and poverty-reduction programmes.
openalex: W3123450522 mag: 3123450522
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The Tangiers School of Medicine and its Physicians: A Forgotten Initiative of Medical Education Reform in Morocco (1886-1904) - Antonio, Martínez; Javier, Francisco (2011)
openalex: W1169973420 mag: 1169973420
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Criteria for workplace-effective mobility of employees with disabilities in South Africa - Kasonkola, Kgomotso William (2011)
openalex: W221117325 mag: 221117325
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The impact of training and development on performance of staff in organizations, within the audit sector in Kenya : a case of Deloitte and Touche, Kenya - Kiiru, David (2011)
There is growing recognition that to develop skills is a lifelong process. Employees enter the labor force with the initial 'stock' of human capital acquired primarily through their initial formal education. Over their working lives employees maintain and upgrade their education stockthrough a 'flow' of training, reinforced by practical experience. In the same way that physical capital needs continuous investment to replace what has been depreciated and meet new production requirements, employees also need a continuous flow of training investment to maintain and upgrade their human capital. Little is actually known on basic empirical questions such as, what extent or nature of training is requiredand the impact they can have on performance. Therefore the reason for this study is to find out the impact that training and development has on performance of staff especially so for firms in the service industry. I intend to carry out my study at Deloitte and Touche a company that delivers services in four professional areas- audit, tax, consulting, and financial advisory services. The study was conducted using survey design with primary data to be collected using questionnaires from respondent working at the companies' premises in Westland's Nairobi. Secondary data was also collected from the companies past records. The completed questionnaires were edited for completeness and consistency. The data was then coded and checked for coding errors and omissions. It was then run through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Descriptivestatistics were used to analyze the data by way of percentages, proportions and mean scores for all variables in the questionnaire. From the findings, the researcher found out that there was a strong positive relationship between training and development and performance of staff in organizations.
openalex: W2581768100 mag: 2581768100
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Strategies to Improve the Quality of Nursing Doctoral Education in South Africa - Knobloch-Coetzee, Siedine; Klopper, Hester C. (2011)
openalex: W966210463 mag: 966210463
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The Effectiveness of the Interactive Learning Communication and Management System (iCAM) in the Post-Basic Programme in a South African University - Lekalakala-Mokgele, Sebi (2011)
openalex: W1913800904 mag: 1913800904
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Community Nursing: Service Learning in Ghana - McMarlin, Susan A. (2011)
openalex: W2278196598 mag: 2278196598
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African-American Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Perceptions of Nursing Programs and Factors That Support or Restrict Academic Success - Mills-Wisneski, Sharon (2011)
openalex: W2406569565 mag: 2406569565
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Malawi: Contributions to Clinical Care, Medical Education and Biomedical Research - Potchen, Michael J.; Kampondeni, Sam; Birbeck, GL; Hammond, Colleen; Andrew, Gonani; Phiri, KS; Seydel, KB; Taylor, TE (Malawi medical journal, 2011)
Advanced medical imaging technologies are generally unavailable in low income, tropical settings despite the reality that neurologic disorders are disproportionately common in such environments. Through a series of donations as well as extramural research funding support, an MRI facility opened in Blantyre, Malawi in July 2008. Resulting opportunities for studying common tropical disorders, such as malaria and schistosomiasis, in vivo are promising. The subsequent improvements in local patient care were expected and exceptional and include major revisions in basic care protocols that may eventually impact care protocols at facilities in the region that do not have recourse to MRI. In addition, advanced neuroimaging technology has energized the medical education system, possibly slowing the brain drain. Advanced technologies, though potentially associated with significant fiscal opportunity costs, may bring unexpected and extensive benefits to the healthcare and medical education systems involved.
openalex: W2105131452 mag: 2105131452
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Congo, Republic of - Republic of Congo Support to Basic Education Project : P084317 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 16 - Radji, Rachidi B. (2011)
openalex: W2916159584 mag: 2916159584
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Complications of Cataract Surgery at the University Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria - Ukponmwan, CU (Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology (Mumbai), 2011)
University of Benin Teaching Hospital from July 2007 to December 2008 constitute the study subjects.Their case notes were retrieved and data including operative complications analysed.The commonest type of surgery was extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant.The follow up period was six months.Results: There were 181 males and 189 females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.The age range was 4 to 95 years ( mean age 41.1 years).There was no intraoperative complication in 311 (84.0%) eyes.The commonest intraoperative complication was posterior capsular rent in 31 (8.4%) eyes.The commonest early post operative complication was striate keratopathy in 158 eyes.Endophthalmitis occurred in 2(0.6%) eyes with fair visual outcome.The commonest late postoperative complication, cystoid macular oedema (CMO) occurred in 9 eyes followed by posterior capsular opacification(PCO) in 6 eyes.The visual outcome was fair in 6 eyes with cystoid macula oedema and poor in 5 eyes with posterior capsular opacity.There was a significant association between the eyes with late post operative complications and the development of poor vision p<0.0001.Conclusion: The commonest intraoperative complication was posterior capsular rent with or without vitreous loss while the commonest intraoperative complication was striate keratopathy.Visual outcome was not significantly affected by the early postoperative complication, but was significantly affected by late postoperative complication.Proper management of operative complications will help in reducing their adverse effects on the eye.
openalex: W2080490327 mag: 2080490327
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Psychoactive substance use/abuse among students in Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria-new challenges. - Uwadiae, E (The Nigerian journal of general practice, 2011)
This study assessed psychoactive substance use in a private institution of learning in Nigeria with emphasis on prevalence and on medically approved substances acquiring an abuse potential. It followed an anecdotal report of the use of a cough mixture (Benylin with codeine) taking a priority attention among substances of abuse within the university community. The university has a total population of about 4,500 students and has seven colleges. Using a structured self report questionnaire, 342 (100%) students were surveyed across 5 randomly selected colleges. 323 candidates complied representing 94% reponse rate. Females 168 (52%) were over represented in the interview. The remaining 155 (48%) were males. An operational definition of abuse was drawn for this purpose to include users of a substance on a daily basis. By so doing social drinkers of alcohol and occasional users of medically approved but unprescribed medicaments for treatment purposes were excluded. For substances that do not enjoy government license to be marketed (eg. Cannabis, Heroine etc.), even a single use is regarded as abuse. Results showed that one of the traditional substances, alcohol 49 (15.2%) retained priority spot in the hierarchy of abused substances. Benylin with codeine 17 (5.3%) was next. This confirmed the verbal and unofficial report of the abuse of such medicament. Other substances of abuse were cannabis 9 (2.8%), cigarette 7 (2.2%), heroine and cocaine (0.003%). In all instances of abuse, (except for heroine which was even) males predominated. The law enforcement agencies like the Nigeria Police Force (NPF), National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) must be sufficiently informed that substances of abuse have gone beyond the conventional substances like alcohol, cannabis, cigarette etc. Efforts must be made to regulate the sales of even some apparently harmless across the counter medications.Key words: psychoactive, students, new challenges, prevalence.
openalex: W2079736113 mag: 2079736113
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Common bacterial isolates associated with semen of men attending the fertility clinic of the university of Benin teaching hospital (U.B.T.H), Benin City, Nigeria - Ekhaise, F. O. (African journal of microbiology research, 2011)
Fifty seminal samples were studied to determine the microbial influence in male infertility as well as the qualitative and quantitative features of the semen. Among the three bacterial isolates obtained from the sample, Staphylococcus aureus 7(77.8%) was found to be the most predominant isolate, other isolates were Escherichia coli 1(11.1%) and Citrobacterspp. In relation to semen concentration S. aureus was observed to be most frequently distributed among the characterized semen. The recovery frequency of organisms associated with the semen types revealed that 2(40%) of organisms were recovered of azoospermia, 6(20.68%) oligozoospermia and 1(6.25%) normozoospermia. The motility of the semen was greatly influenced by the presence of the isolated bacterial. The motility of semen was recorded to be 20, 10 and 45% for S. aureus, E. coli and Citrobacter sp., respectively, as against the normal semen motility of 50% or more. The presence and profound influence of microorganisms in semen is evidence that microorganisms played significant role in male -infertility. Key words: Semen, bacterial isolates, men, infertility and Benin teaching hospital (UBTH), Benin City.
openalex: W2116093654 mag: 2116093654
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Antibiotic susceptibility of common bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections in a Teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria - Oluremi, B. B. (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011)
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and a major cause of morbidity. However, the aetiology of UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns vary from time to time and across different areas. This study determines the frequently isolated UTI bacteria from in-patients and out-patients of a Teaching hospital in South-western Nigeria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Sixty (60) bacterial isolates from urine of patients with significant bacteriuria in UTI were collected and evaluated for their antibiotic sensitivity using modified Kirby-Bauer method. UTI was frequently encountered in females (61.7%) and older patients (50%). 55% of the isolates were from in-patients. The most common etiological organisms of UTI were Esherichia coli (46.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3%), Klebsiella spp (13.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) and Proteus spp (6.7%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found only among hospital isolates while Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from females only. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that the Enterobacteriaceae were highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (71.4 to 75%) while Nitrofurantoin demonstrated the best activity against S. aureus isolates (100%) in both community and hospital acquired UTI. All the isolates exhibited high degree of resistance to Augmentin and amoxicillin. High rate of multi-drug resistance was recorded among all isolates. In view of the increasing rate of resistance of UTI pathogens to commonly used antibiotics, rational prescription and use of antibiotics is advocated. Key words: Urinary tract infections, bacterial pathogens, susceptibility.
openalex: W2118606787 mag: 2118606787
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Vocationalization of education in Kenya: the Classroom Practice and the Learners’ Responsibilities for Change in the 21st Century - Ondigi, S. R.; Ayot, Henry O.; Kiio, Mueni; Nasibi, Mary W. (International Journal of Learning and Development, 2011)
Abstract The essence of education is to prepare an individual for lifelong experiences after schooling. Education as offered in schools today is expected to give the teacher a chance to impart knowledge and skills in the learner, and for the learner to be informed and be able to put into practice what has been gained in the course of time. The Kenyan curriculum and goals of education are clearly stipulated if followed to the latter. Basically, the classroom practice by both the teachers and the learners exhibit an academic rather than a dual system that is expected to meet the needs of both the individual and those of the communities which form subsets of the society at large. It is upon this premise that education of a given country must prepare its individuals in schools so as to meet the goals of education at any one given time of a country’s history. This paper looks at the perspective of vocationalization of education in Kenyan at this century. The history of education ever since independence in 1963 by focusing on the Ominde commission through the Koech report of 1999 have been emphatic that education must meet the national goals of education as stipulated in the curriculum. But what is edging the practice that has not revolutionalized the socio-economic, cultural and political development of Kenya? Differentiated Instruction is a teaching theory based on the premise that instructional approaches should vary and be adapted in relation to individual and diverse students in classroom aimed at achieving diversified learning and common practices in the career. The challenges herein are: where have we gone wrong as a nation, what is the practice in the classroom, when can the nation be out of this dilemma, who is to blame for the status quo and finally what is the way forward? By addressing these questions, the education system will be responsive to the changes in time and Kenya will be on the path to successful recovery.
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Congo, Democratic Republic of - Education Sector Project : P086294 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 09 - Radji, Rachidi B. (2011)
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Erratum to: Pan evaporation and wind run decline in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa (1974–2005): implications for vegetation responses to climate change - Hoffman, Margaret; Cramer, Michael D.; Gillson, Lindsey; Wallace, Michael B. (2011)
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Performance of drought tolerant three-way and top cross maize hybrids in Sudan Savanna of North Eastern Nigeria - Izge, A. U.; Dugje, I. Y. (2011)
Field experiments were conducted during the 2008 cropping season in two locations in Lokodisa, Gwoza Local Government Area and Sabongari in Damboa Local Government Area both in Borno State Nigeria. These two locations are both located within the Sudan Savanna agro-ecology of north-eastern Nigeria and the soil of the area is clay loam and are well drained. The study was conducted in order to evaluate the performance of drought tolerant maize hybrids in the drought prone areas of Sudan Savanna of Borno State, Nigeria. It is one of the Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project Regional Trials sponsored by Bill and Melinda Gate Foundation. The results indicated that performance in yield and other yield traits among hybrids were significantly different statistically at 5% level of probability. The hybrid entry number M0826-2 recorded the highest grain yield in Lokodisa, while entry M0826-9 had the highest grain yield in Sabongari. The combined results however, indicated that the entries M0826-2, M0826-6, M0826-7, M0826-9, M0826-13 and M0826-14 recorded among higher grain yields compared to other entries. Most entries which gave higher grain yields incidentally produced higher values of 1000-grain weight. In the same vein, entries having higher grain yields also flowered earlier and could have an inherent potential for early maturity, a trait highly desirable for rainfall marginal areas like this one. These entries that have shown some promise for example, M0826-2, M0826-6, M0826-7, M0826-9, M0826-13 and M0826-14 need to be further evaluated for adaptation and adoption in drought prone environments that are characterized by poor and erratic rainfall.
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The transition from high school to university and the evolution of concepts related to the calculation of pH in Tunisia - Ouertatani, Latifa; Dumon, Alain (RDST, 2011)
Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons de comparer ce que se sont approprié des élèves de terminale (grade 12) et des étudiants de première année universitaire tunisiens à propos des calculs de pH. Sont-ils capables de mettre en relation des éléments du registre empirique (valeur du pH, concentration, nature des espèces chimiques, etc.) avec des éléments du registre de la théorie-modèle (KA, pKA, formules du pH, approximations, etc.) ? Les étudiants universitaires ont été interrogés sur le sujet au début de l’année universitaire et à la fin des enseignements. Les difficultés qu’ils ont rencontrées dans leurs tentatives de se remémorer et d’utiliser des « formules » ont été mises en évidence. D’après les résultats obtenus nous constatons que la focalisation de l’attention des élèves sur la méthodologie générale du calcul des pH ne semble pas favoriser un enrichissement des connaissances conceptuelles et nous proposons de favoriser des interactions entre registre empirique et registre théorique qui se succèdent en général dans l’enseignement tunisien sans interactions et sans liens.
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Some issues in formal music education in Nigeria: A case study of Kwara State - Emielu, Austin (British Journal of Music Education, 2011)
Every educational system has its goals and objectives, curricula and modes of implementation. There is however the need for periodic assessment and evaluation. Specifically, this research paper sets out to evaluate the success or otherwise of the music education delivery system in Kwara state of Nigeria and its implications for the goals of music education in Nigeria. Data were gathered primarily from field situations using empirical and deductive methodologies and secondarily from government publications and other publications related to the subject matter. The paper observes that the noble idea of bi-musicality, a concept that stresses musical literacy in both one's own culture and that of the West is hampered by lopsidedness, crisis of perspectives and inadequate resource materials and persons. There is also a structural defect in the vertical relationship between the various levels of music education in the state. The paper further identifies public perception of music as a Christian subject as one of the obstacles to an effective music education delivery system in Nigeria. The paper concludes that until significant musical theories and conceptual approaches emerge from extensive fieldwork into Nigeria's diverse musical cultures, it will be difficult to develop and sustain an authentic and functional music education framework in Nigeria.
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Climate change and the Ethiopian economy: a computable general equilibrium analysis. - Gebreegziabher, Zenebe; Stage, Jesper; Mekonnen, Alemu; Alemu, Atlaw (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
This paper analyses the economic impacts of climate change on Ethiopia’s agriculture using a countrywide computable general equilibrium model. The impacts on agriculture are based on results from a Ricardian model where current (and future) agricultural production is analyzed as a function of temperature and precipitation. We project that the effect of overall climate change will be relatively benign until approximately 2030 and then worsen considerably. Our simulation results indicate that, over a 50-year period, the projected reduction in agricultural productivity may lead to 30 percent less average income, compared with the possible outcome in the absence of climate change. Autonomous adaptations that the farmers make and government policies in response will be crucial for Ethiopia’s future development.
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UWSSLEC LibGuides: African American History: Student Movies - Hietpas, Kevin (2011)
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The Relevance of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (STME) in Developing Skills for Self Reliance: The Nigerian Experience - Matazu, Suleiman Sa’adu (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (STME) has been proved to be an indispensable factor in the economic development of any country; and for Nigeria, it has a more critical role to play. This paper examines the relevance of science, technology and mathematics education (STME) for national development and self-reliance of Nigerian citizens. A historical overview of the interconnectivity of science, technology and mathematics education (STME) and self reliance is highlighted. The current situation and challenges facing STME in Nigeria are also highlighted to bring out the theoretical relevance of (STME) for self reliance which actually has not been practically realized. The author's recommendations include the call for training and re-training of STME teachers to update their knowledge, and the provision of long vocation/weekend programmes for out of school individuals, among others.
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Factors Influencing Early Childhood Development Teachers’ Motivation in Thika District, Kenya - Ndani, Mary N.; Kimani, Elishiba (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres comprise one of the immediate social and physical environments influencing children’s development, that Bronfenbrenner (1986, 1989) terms Microsystems. The Microsystems are made up of personal qualities of the people therein (particularly teachers) and the physical environments. In order for ECD centres to provide the necessary conditions for children’s holistic development, teachers should be well motivated and physical facilities conducive for working and learning. The sample of the study was comprised of 40 ECD centres and 46 ECD teachers. Preschool Teachers’ Motivation Questionnaire and an observation checklist were used to collect the primary data. Secondary data were obtained from various records in the ECD centres. Among the key findings was the revelation that the motivation levels of more than 50% of the teachers were below average. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education and communities work together to improve ECD teachers’ terms and conditions of service as well as the learning/teaching environment.
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ICT in Participatory Development of Teaching/Learning English as a Global Language in Nigeria: A Discourse - Njamanze, Queen Ugochinyere (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become a major issue in many language discourses today. English language is widely used in communication, education and diverse human endeavors. In Nigeria, it is the official language as well as the language of everyday use. Based on this, there is need to sustain and attain global proficiency and mastery. Being one of the parameters for measuring a nation's development, this paper emphasizes the need for the inclusion of ICT as a partner for national development. The researcher examines English as a global language, the place of ICT in Nigeria and the various technological applications and programs used in carrying out this growth, and development of English Language teaching/learning in Nigeria. The paper concludes by reaffirming the need for increased digital access and awareness in Nigeria
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Phonology in Teacher Education in Nigeria: The Igbo Language Example - Nkamigbo, Linda Chinelo (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
The goals of education cannot be achieved without language. Language is actively involved in the production of qualified teachers who will teach at various levels of the educational system. Furthermore, linguistics is the area of study that is concerned with objective and empirical study of language, and phonology undoubtedly is a crucial aspect of this set up. This paper addresses the issues of phonological facilitation and interference in both teacher training and general education in sub-Saharan Africa. These phonological phenomena are critically examined as they feature in Igbo, one of the major African languages, spoken predominantly in South-Eastern Nigeria. The sound system of Igbo influences that of the English of the native Igbo speakers. Therefore, this paper recommends that the language instructor should focus on the variations in the English of the native Igbo speakers in order to achieve a near Standard English by the Igbo speakers of English.
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Academic and Social Challenges Facing Students with Developmental and Learning Disabilities in Higher Institutions: Implications to African colleges and universities - Obiozor, Williams Emeka; Onu, V. C.; Ifeanyi, Ugwoegbu (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
African societies have much to learn from the exemplary programs and projects on disabilities, adult literacy and special education provisions in developed societies, like the United States, where effective legislations, curriculum and support services are provided at all levels for individuals with disabilities. This paper discusses the academic and social challenges facing students with developmental and learning disabilities in higher institutions; including available services in institutions of higher learning for such individuals-something that is yet to be introduced or effectively conducted in most African nations unlike in the United States. This paper noted the challenges which developmental and learning disabilities pose to students in general; as well as recognize the potentials, talents, and individual abilities of such students in contemporary institutions of higher learning which could be applicable to African universities and colleges. In this regards, recommendations on understanding student developmental and learning disabilities; application of universal design for learning (UDL), and the institutional roles needed to ensure that such students cope in class and achieve success on campus, were provided.
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Improving achievements of pupils with learning and behavior problems with co-operative teaching strategy in Aboh, Delta State, Nigeria - Obiyo, Ngozi O. (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of cooperative teaching on children with learning and behavioral problems. Determining the most effective intervention for children with learning and behavioral problems has continued to challenge educators. For this the study sought to find out how co-operative teaching will improve the achievements of pupils with learning and behavior problems in Aboh, Delta State, Nigeria. A research question and a hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance was used to guide the study. The research design was true experimental. Two groups of children were used for the study .The sample consisted of 64 primaries four and five pupils .From the study, it was found out that Experimental Group had higher mean of 76.06 against Control Group with mean of 53.84 and standard deviation of 19.2. The hypothesis was tested using t-test and showed that the performance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. It is therefore recommended that this strategy should be included in the school curriculum for children with learning and behavior problems.
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Integration and Innovation in Early Childhood Education in Nigeria: Implications for Quality Teacher Production - Onu, V. C.; Obiozor, William Emeka; Agbo, Osmond E.; Chiamaka, Ezeanwu (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
This survey research studied integration and innovation in early childhood education and implications for quality teacher preparation. The study was a descriptive survey research, with one hundred and twelve (112) sampled preschool teacher. Eight research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Early Childhood Programme Instrument on Integration and Innovation (ECPAI) was constructed, validated and used in eliciting responses from the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, and Paired Sample tests. The study revealed a significant difference in the opinions of public and private preschool teachers toward integration and innovative practices in early childhood education in Nigeria. It was equally revealed that are Early Childhood Education (ECE) programme in Nigeria is influenced by traditional, uncreative approaches. Thus, training and retraining of focus teachers and stakeholders in ECE was highly recommended
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Challenges of Education for Democracy in The Gambia - Ozor, Frederick Ugwu (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
Several theories and conceptual issues surround global education-democracy connection. Such issues include those relating to the impact of formal education on democracy in developing countries. In contributing to the growing literature on these issues, this paper argues that education for democracy can strengthen democratic structures in the Republic of the Gambia and that developing knowledge skills in democratic education among teachers could play a significant role in developing democratic awareness. The paper addresses the basic question of whether the prevailing political culture in the Gambia is supportive of the Western model of democracy, and if not, what brand of African democracy could be adopted by African education to facilitate productivity in the society. How can African learning be structured to support democracy? The paper finally discusses the contributions of gender and age in the Gambia to democracy and democratic education, as well as how they could strengthen the development of democracy in the Gambia.
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ETHNIC IDENTITY AND PROPENSITY FOR PRACTICE AMONG AFRICAN-DESCENDED MSW STUDENTS - Pierce, Walter; Singleton, Sharron M.; Hudson, Rhonda E. (Journal of Social Work Education, 2011)
This article explores the difference between ethnic identity scores for AfricandescendedMSW students who are native to this country, who are first generationborn of immigrant parents, and who are foreign-born Black immigrants.The research further explores whether ethnic identity is associated with the students'commitment to work with their own ethnic groups. Results indicate thatall three groups of students demonstrate high ethnic identity, and variability ingroup means was not statistically significant. However, statistically significantdifference existed among the 3 groups on 1 of the measures of propensity forpractice. Also determined was a significant relationship between ethnic identityand the propensity for practice items. Implications for social work educationand additional research are highlighted.
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Climate change and the long-term northward shift in the African wintering range of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica - Ambrosini, Roberto; Rubolini, Diego; Møller, Anders Pape; Bani, Luciano; Clark, Jacquie A.; Karcza, Zsolt; Vangeluwe, Didier; Feu, Chris du; Spina, Fernando; Saino, Nicola (Climate Research, 2011)
CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 49:131-141 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01025 Climate change and the long-term northward shift in the African wintering range of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica Roberto Ambrosini1,*, Diego Rubolini2, Anders Pape Møller3, Luciano Bani4, Jacquie Clark5, Zsolt Karcza6, Didier Vangeluwe7, Chris du Feu8, Fernando Spina9, Nicola Saino2 1Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy 2Dipartimento de Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy 3Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 4Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy 5British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK 6Madárgyuruzési Központ / Hungarian Bird Ringing Centre - MME / BirdLife Hungary, Költo u. 21, 1121 Budapest, Hungary 7Belgian Ringing Centre, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 rue Vautier, 1000 Brussels, Belgium 8EURING Data bank, BTO, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK 9ISPRA, Via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy *Email: roberto.ambrosini@unimib.it ABSTRACT: Recent, unprecedentedly rapid climate change has frequently been invoked as the cause of changes in the phenology of bird migration as well as population decline. Birds would be expected to respond to milder climatic conditions at their breeding grounds by reducing the length of their migration. Here, we exploit the largest ringing recovery database available for a long-distance migrant passerine bird, the barn swallow Hirundo rustica, spanning 1912−2008 and including recoveries from sub-Saharan Africa, to show that this species has shifted its wintering grounds northwards at a rate of 3 to 9 km yr−1. This shift occurred consistently in the 2 geographical clusters of barn swallows that could be identified on the basis of their migratory connectivity and could bedetected after accounting for possible differential changes in recovery probability among geographical areas. Analyses of trends in climatic conditions at the wintering grounds, based on time series of rainfall and temperature anomalies, showed that this northward shift should have caused a progressively larger proportion of barn swallows to winter in drier or warmer areas, i.e. where primary productivity is lower and therefore ecological conditions for wintering are less favourable. This shift, which may have contributed to the general decline in breeding barn swallow populations, may be due to the combined effects of selection for earlier arrival at the breeding grounds because of milder climatic conditions in the breeding areas, and constraints in other stages of the annual life cycle (e.g. timing of the annual moult) that prevent earlier departure from the wintering grounds. KEY WORDS: Barn swallow · Bird migration · Connectivity · EURING swallow project · Phenology · Wintering range Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Ambrosini R, Rubolini D, Møller AP, Bani L and others (2011) Climate change and the long-term northward shift in the African wintering range of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica. Clim Res 49:131-141. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01025 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 49, No. 2. Online publication date: October 13, 2011 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2011 Inter-Research.
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Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Patients Presenting Late at a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria - Daniyam, Comfort A; Iroezindu, MO; Shehu, Nathan Y.; Essien, Mfon; Sati, Awang K; Agaba, Emmanuel I (Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2011)
Background: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV/AIDS. This benefit that HAART confers can only be maximized if patients present early. This study was embarked upon to describe the characteristics of patients presenting late at a teaching hospital in north central Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of patients who presented late with HIV/AIDS admitted into the medical wards of the Jos University Teaching Hospital over a one year period. Late presentation was defined as patients presenting in CDC class B or C Results: 56.7% of patients who were admitted with HIV /AIDS presented late with the majority (79%) being in CDC class C. The median CD4+ cell count was 88 cells/mm3 with a range of 12 -552 cells/mm3. Reasons for late presentation included fear of stigma 35 (46.7%), financial constraints 23 (30.7%), faith in herbal / spiritual healing 8 (10.7%) and not believing in HIV treatment 5 (6.7%). No one came to hospital in late stage because of distance from hospital. Similarly HCT services were not accessed early because of fear of stigma 37 (50.7 %), not wanting to know about status 29 (39.2 %), absence of symptoms 51(68%) and seeing partner as faithful 28 (38.9%). Tuberculosis was the commonest reason for hospitalization Conclusions: Stigma was the major reason for delayed HIV testing and late presentation.. Public education and enlightenment on the need for routine HCT and early presentation for care and treatment is advocated.Key Words HIV/AIDS, Late presentation, Stigma, Tuberculosis
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Communication Skills among Surgical Trainees: Perceptions of Residents in a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria - Ibrahim, Adel; Delia, ZI; Asuku, ME; Dahiru, Tukur (Nigerian journal of surgery : official publication of the Nigerian Surgical Research Society, 2011)
ObjectiveCommunication between the surgeon and the patient is a core clinical skill.The ability to communicate with patients and their family members is very important in the optimum care of the surgical patient.Few studies have assessed communication between surgical trainees and their patients in sub-Saharan Africa.In response to this, the communication skills of residents in the department of surgery were evaluated to determine their perception of competency and perceived need for training in communication skills as a basis for developing an effective education programme. MethodA survey of patient care -related communication skills among surgery residents and assessment of competence, rating the importance and perceived need for training in communication skills. ResultsMost residents rated their skills as either fairly or extremely competent in all areas except in providing bereavement counseling.They found all skills important and indicated a need for training in them.Senior registrars rated their competence and the importance higher in skills relating to breaking bad news, educating and preparing patients and families for surgery and encouraging them to express their anxieties.(p < 0.05).There was no statistical difference in communication skills between male and female residents (p > 0.05). ConclusionResidents face difficult communication challenges with patients and their families.There is a dire need for improved education in communication skills.Understanding the surgical trainees perceptions of patient care related communication skills is the first step in designing an effective education programme. Key Words: Communication skills
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Pre-University Education Dynamics in Egypt - Abdel-Tawab, Salah (2011)
The importance of education in a developing country like Egypt is obvious. ‎Education has been the entry point to progress and prosperity in the ‎countries that have changed their status and counted among the advanced ‎ones, and is,therefore,the potential solution for any nation seeking to ‎achieve the breakthrough from a developing to an industrial nation. ‎Education has been nationally recognized as a pivotal factor in Egypt’s ‎social and economic development.This study has been organized to examine patterns and dynamics of the pre‎university education in Egypt,from a developmental and demographic ‎perspective. The subject is important enough to warrant increasing attention ‎from researchers, planners, and policy makers. Preuniversity education ‎represents the very foundation of the educational system in the country,and ‎consumes most of the educational budget; and,thus,deserves detailed ‎examination.The work is, also,deemed to be illustrative while handling the different ‎educational models and techniques utilized, so that other researchers can ‎apply them properly and efficiently using data of coming periods of time for ‎comparison purposes.‎
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An ordinary level as predictors of students' academic performance in chemistry in Nigerian universities - Kolawole, E. B.; Oginni, Omoniyi Israel; Fayomi, E. O. (Educational Research Review, 2011)
This paper examined an ordinary level as predictors of students’ academic performance in chemistry in South-west Nigeria universities. It also revealed the relationship between the academic performance of students in each level of the university examinations and their corresponding secondary school certificates examination. The sample of the study is made up of 312 chemistry students randomly selected from three universities within South-west Nigeria based on the (proprietorship satisfactory) federal, state and private universities. Ex-post facto design was adopted. The grades of all the chemistry students sampled were selected from the directorate of admission and statistics while the cumulative grade points were selected from chemistry department of the sampled universities. The results revealed that the ordinary level chemistry results related poorly with their respective universities results. The results also showed that there is little or no influence of the mode of entry on the academic performance at all levels and the two examining bodies were equivalent. Based on this finding, it was recommended that both West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) and National Examination Council (NECO) should be used as mode of entry into chemistry department. Key words: Nigerian universities, ordinary level, predictors, students’ achievement.
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The Rural Practitioner: Training and Support in Congo-Zaire - Lusi, Kasereka M (South African Family Practice, 2011)
Africa is always presented through images that shock people A and we are known only for failures and inefficiency. But Africa, for all its problems, has almost unlimited potential. In my experience, MFamMed, as promoted by MEDUNSA and continuing medical education, as promoted by Doctors on Call for Service, are the most appropriate medical teaching systems that could help Africa produce the best total health entrepreneurs for its third millennium.
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Some Issues that Confront Teachers: A Case of the United States of America and South Africa - Bantwini, Bongani D.; King-McKenzie, Ethel (Journal of emerging knowledge on emerging markets (Online), 2011)
ver the past several decades, teachers have become the major source of attention worldwide.Occasionally, they have been blamed for students' poor performance, failure, and poor implementation of new reforms (Soske, 1992;Rothstein, 1999).Soske (1992) observes that some educational reform movements have teacher blaming at their core.She views this teacher-blaming syndrome as clearly a women blaming and a feminist issue as more women are in teaching.Claudio Sanchez (May 10, 2010) from a National Public Radio asked, "When schools are failing and students are not learning, who is responsible?He argues that the answer these days appear to be teachers.When it comes to education reform, he adds, most of the current focus is on making teachers accountable for their students' performance.Sanchez questions whether it is fair to assign so much of the burden for the success or failure of schools to the teachers.
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Cameroon - Education Development Capacity Building Project : P075964 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 13 - Caillaud, Fadila (2011)
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A comparison of the effectiveness of science education in Korea and South Africa : a multilevel analysis of TIMSS 2003 data - Cho, Mee-Ok (2011)
Cho, Mee-Ok.September, 2010.A comparison of the effectiveness of science education in Korea and South Africa,Article,[Pretoria, South Africa]University of Pretoria,548
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Education for Change: Student Placements in Campaigning Organisations and Social Movements in South Africa - Ferguson, Iain; Harms-Smith, Linda (British journal of social work, 2011)
The past few years have seen renewed interest in the radical social work tradition both in Britain and internationally in response to the highly negative impact of neo-liberal policies on people's lives and on the profession itself. While these perspectives are now beginning to be included within social work academic curricula, less consideration has been given within the international literature as to how they might also inform practice placements and field education. This paper outlines the findings of a small piece of qualitative research that explored the experience of one South African social work programme of placing a small group of students within campaigning organisations and social movements concerned with addressing structural issues. Based on interviews with the students, their practice teachers and agency representatives, the research addressed the extent to which students were able to draw on their teaching to make sense of these agencies and their role within them, as well as the particular challenges to which these placements gave rise. The paper concludes by suggesting that, while students undertaking such placements may require additional support and teaching in areas such as the understanding of trauma and critical political analysis, these findings suggest that this is an initiative worth repeating.
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The participation and influence of teacher unions on education reforms in an independent Namibia - Kudumo, Marius (2011)
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An analysis of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes risk factors in Yaounde, Cameroon in 2007 for adults aged 25 years and above - Kufe, Clément (2011)
M.Sc. (Med.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011
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Schistosomiais and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Control in Niger: Cost Effectiveness of School Based and Community Distributed Mass Drug Administration - Leslie, Jacqueline; Garba, Amadou; Oliva, Elisa Bosque; Barkire, Arouna; Tinni, Amadou Aboubacar; Djibo, Ali; Mounkaila, Idrissa; Fenwick, Alan (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2011)
In 2004 Niger established a large scale schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths control programme targeting children aged 5-14 years and adults. In two years 4.3 million treatments were delivered in 40 districts using school based and community distribution.Four districts were surveyed in 2006 to estimate the economic cost per district, per treatment and per schistosomiasis infection averted. The study compares the costs of treatment at start up and in a subsequent year, identifies the allocation of costs by activity, input and organisation, and assesses the cost of treatment. The cost of delivery provided by teachers is compared to cost of delivery by community distributers (CDD). The total economic cost of the programme including programmatic, national and local government costs and international support in four study districts, over two years, was US$ 456,718; an economic cost/treatment of $0.58. The full economic delivery cost of school based treatment in 2005/06 was $0.76, and for community distribution was $0.46. Including only the programme costs the figures are $0.47 and $0.41 respectively. Differences at sub-district are more marked. This is partly explained by the fact that a CDD treats 5.8 people for every one treated in school. The range in cost effectiveness for both direct and direct and indirect treatments is quantified and the need to develop and refine such estimates is emphasised.The relative cost effectiveness of school and community delivery differs by country according to the composition of the population treated, the numbers targeted and treated at school and in the community, the cost and frequency of training teachers and CDDs. Options analysis of technical and implementation alternatives including a financial analysis should form part of the programme design process.
openalex: W2088941559 mag: 2088941559
Keywords: openalex:import

Enhancing the quality of performance assessment in agriculture in Botswana schools - Masole, Trust Mbako (2011)
openalex: W39155875 mag: 39155875
Keywords: openalex:import

Burundi - Education Sector Reconstruction Project : P064557 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 09 - Sosale, Shobhana (2011)
openalex: W2916907359 mag: 2916907359
Keywords: openalex:import

Atmosphere-land surface interactions and their influence on extreme rainfall and potential abrupt climate change over southern Africa - Williams, Charles; Kniveton, Dominic (Climatic Change, 2011)
openalex: W2017210078 mag: 2017210078
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Teaching Asia in the American South: A Case Study of An African American Teacher’s Journey - Zong, Guichun (Journal of emerging knowledge on emerging markets, 2011)
ne of the most pressing challenges teacher education faces today is the inability to produce substantial numbers of teachers from racial, ethnic, and language minority groups.Nationally, although the student population is 40% students of color, the number of minority teachers is diminishing.Only 17% of teachers are of color (with student projections of 50% by 2025) (NCES, 2003(NCES, , 2004;; NCTAF, 2003).Policy makers and researchers have called for increased numbers of minority teachers to address the cultural gap between teachers and students, particularly in urban schools (Dillard, 1994; Dilworth & Brown, 2008).Although much has been written about the problems of recruiting minority teachers into teacher education programs in recent years, still very little is known about what these teacher candidates bring to and what happens to them as they progress through their professional development programs.In this interpretive case study, I focus on the perspectives of one African American middle school pre-service social studies teacher during her senior year in an urban teacher education program in which she was enrolled, a social studies methods course and subsequently 15 weeks of student teaching.The central purpose of the study is to gain insights on African American teacher candidates' perspectives on social studies education including the primary purpose, curriculum, and effective strategies and resources to engage O 2
openalex: W2042969703 mag: 2042969703
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Household choice of schools in rural Ghana: exploring the contribution and limits of low-fee private schools to Education for All - Akaguri, L.A. (2011)
This thesis examines the factors that make the low-fee private school (LFPS) accessible to the poor. While the provision of education in developing countries has traditionally been regarded as the responsibility of the state, recent evidence on the growth of the LFPS in such contexts appears to challenge the government's role as the most viable option. The main argument of the thesis is that the poor have no real choice. The thesis also argues that fee-free public education only provides a partial solution to the financial barrier to access since there are factors other than direct costs that influence the way poor households respond to principles of supply and demand for education. The state's role in the provision of education is supported by the argument that it is a public good, and it must therefore remain the responsibility of the government to protect the poor and other vulnerable groups from denial of access. Nevertheless, private education provision is a growth enterprise in rural areas, one key reason for which is the perception that it provides a better quality of education than the state can offer. Given such expansion in an era of fee-free public education, some commentators have questioned whether those that send their children to an LFPS can really be described as poor, since school choice is clearly dependant on the ability to meet the costs. In order to understand how the cost and quality of education interact with school choice decisions, 536 households in three poor rural communities of Mfantseman District, Central Region, Ghana were surveyed. The data were used to examine the difference in cost between public and private provision, and to explore those factors associated with school choice and the related expenditure. In addition, to gain further insight into the implications of the survey's statistical outcomes, a number of participants with interests in both public and private schools were interviewed – including 38 household heads in the lowest income quintile, 6 head teachers, 14 teachers, 8 parents, 7 Parent Teacher Association (PTA) executives and 3 School Management Committee (SMC) executives with children in both school types. The findings reject the hypothesis that school choice in the communities under study was not affected by socio-economic factors, since the majority of households had no real option. In particular, the prohibitive cost of food at both types of school, but compulsoriness at LFPSs, had adverse consequences on the willingness of children to attend. However, a minority of poor households that did access LFPSs were able to do so due to school practices such as flexible fee schemes, teacher discipline and better interaction with parents, as well as through assistance obtained via social networks. In addition, the study also finds that private schools had a better track record in BECE examination than public schools in the communities under study. What is clear is that, this better BECE track record by LFPSs coupled with higher aspirations that some poor households have for their children fuelled interest in private schooling. The study concludes that the claim that the rural poor access LFPS in numbers has been exaggerated. This is because it is the relatively better-off households that enrol their children in private school, while a minority of the poor that access LFPSs are able to do so because of manipulative school practices and the nature of its interaction with parents. As a result, the study suggests that it would be in the interests of the poor if rural public schools were improved – including the provision of free school meals – given that greater state support to the private education sector would only benefit the relatively better off. Finally, fee-free public schooling facilitated by the capitation grant should ensure that schools are more accountable to the communities they serve – schools should be made to show how the grant was used to improve access and quality and together with the community set targets for improvement. Improving academic quality and teacher discipline would enable them to restore their image in rural communities and hence encourage demand for public education.
openalex: W2164231302 mag: 2164231302
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Promoting Teacher Ethics in Colleges of Teacher Education in Tanzania: Practices and Challenge - Anangisye, William A. L. (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
This paper focuses on the initiatives and challenges of promoting ethics in teacher training colleges. It draws on qualitative data; generated from Dar es Salaam, Iringa and Mbeya regions of Tanzania in East Africa. Data collected reflect views of informants, including teacher educators, school teachers, student teachers, school inspectors, Teachers Service Department (TSD) officers, and education officers. The data was generated from both interviews (primary) and documentary (secondary) sources. Analysis of data involved data reduction, organization, and interpretation (Huberman & Miles 1994). The findings unveiled two major initiatives: the use of college regulations and the teaching of religious code of conduct. Challenges, on the other hand, ranged from the absence of a course related to teacher ethics, professional "incompetence" of teacher educators, shortage of qualified teachers, lack of resources, the moral problem of society or the irresponsibility of parents and society. The study has concluded that without a well-defined education policy in favour of promoting teacher ethics education, efforts to that effect are doomed to fail
openalex: W2109227190 mag: 2109227190
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Mobile Phones for Health Education: A Case Study of Text to Change's HIV and AIDS SMS Quiz Project in Mbarara District, Western Uganda - Apunyu, Bonny (2011)
openalex: W2470173977 mag: 2470173977
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Do peer educators make a difference? An evaluation of a youth-led HIV prevention model in Zambian Schools - Denison, Julie A.; Tsui, Sharon; Bratt, John H.; Torpey, Kwasi; Weaver, Mark A.; Kabaso, Mushota (Health Education Research, 2011)
Restless Development’s youth-led model places trained Volunteer Peer Educators (VPEs), aged 18–25 years, in schools to teach HIV prevention and reproductive health (RH). VPEs also run youth centers, extracurricular and community-based activities. This evaluation assesses (i) program effects on students’ HIV/RH knowledge, attitudes and behaviors using a non-randomized quasi-experimental design among 2133 eighth and ninth grade students in 13 intervention versus 13 matched comparison schools and (ii) program costs. Intervention students had significantly higher levels of knowledge related to HIV [odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.19; P < 0.01] and RH (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.21–2.49; P < 0.01), more positive attitudes toward people living with HIV and greater self-efficacy to refuse unwanted sex and access condoms. No evidence of differences in ever having had sex was found (28% in the intervention; 29% in the comparison schools). However, intervention students were more likely not to have had sex in the previous year (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.56; P < 0.05) and to have had only one sex partner ever (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.00–2.03; P < 0.05). The average annual cost of the program was US$21 per beneficiary. In conclusion, the youth-led model is associated with increased HIV and RH knowledge and self-efficacy and lowered levels of stigma and sexual risk-taking behaviors.
openalex: W2128872797 mag: 2128872797
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An Exploration of Teachers’ Integration of Visual Literacy in the Egyptian Secondary English Language Classrooms - Mostafa, Asmaa (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
Recognizing the need for students to be literate in the more traditional areas of reading and writing, professional organizations such as the NCTE, IRA, and NCATE as well as NAQAAE, The National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education in Egypt, have put in place English language standards that address other literacies, including visual literacy. Yet, it has been unclear how secondary English language teachers feel about and understand what is expected of them in teaching non-print literacy, and if they indeed are teaching concepts related to comprehension and production of information in non-text format. This study attempts to discover teachers' attitudes toward, understanding of, and use of visual literacy concepts through a survey of the secondary English language teachers in Egypt. Based on the information from the responses to the survey, secondary English language teachers have received no formal training in teaching visual literacy and that their informal training consists mainly of discussions with colleagues and independent study; among others.
openalex: W2115216063 mag: 2115216063
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A surveillance of needle-stick injuries amongst student nurses at the University of Namibia - Small, LF; Pretorius, Louise; Walters, Althea; Ackerman, Maria (Health Sa Gesondheid, 2011)
Needle-stick injuries have the potential to change a student nurse’s life; yet they are dealt with covertly and many go unreported. This could create difficulties when evaluating a curriculum, because potential risk issues in nursing education might go undetected. In addition, needlestick injuries are inherently preventable occupational health hazards. The fact that there has been, until now, no information available on the incidence of, and context in which needlestick injuries occur amongst student nurses in Namibia, is of particular concern for nurse educators in that country. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the incidence of needle-stick injuries and to describe the context of their occurrences. A framework known as Haddon’s matrix made it possible to approach this survey from both an occupational and a nursing education perspective.The questionnaire was completed by 198 students and it was found that, during 2008 alone, 17% of student nurses sustained needle-stick injuries, but only 55% of these reported it. In addition, in 55% of the occasions on which the student nurses were injured, they were not accompanied by a registered nurse. The recommendations made are based on the three phases of Haddon’s matrix, namely pre-injury, injury and post-injury phases. These recommendations focussed on student accompaniment by registered nurses, the completion of reflective exercises, sensitisation sessions before placement in clinical areas, as well as the utilisation of independent student counsellors.OpsommingEnige naaldprik-insident kan ‘n groot omwenteling in ‘n student-verpleegkundige se lewe te weeg bring. Ten spyte hiervan word sodanige insidente nie openlik hanteer nie, en dikwels word dit nie eers gerapporteer nie. Dit mag egter kurrikulering-evaluerings kompliseer want potensiële risiko-aspekte in verpleegonderwys mag dalk nie geidentifisser word nie. Naaldprik-ongelukke is in wese beroepsgesondheidsaspekte, wat inherent voorkombaar is. Dit was dan ook ‘n bron van kommmer onder verpleegopvoeders in Namibië, aangesien geen inligting beskikbaar was oor die voorkoms en konteks van naaldprik-ongelukke onder student-verpleegkundiges in Namibië nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus on die voorkoms en konteks waarbinne naaldprik-ongelukke plaasvind te beskryf. Daar was reeds a raamwerk beskikbaar, naamlik die Haddon-matriks. Diè raamwerk het dit moontlik gemaak om die opname te benader vanuit sowel ‘n beroepsgesondheids-perspektief as ‘n verpleegopvoedkundige perspektief.Die vraelys is voltooi deur 198 studente en van die bevindings was dat gedurende 2008 alleen, 17% van die student-verpleegkundiges naaldprik-insidente gehad het, maar dat slegs 55% van die beseerdes dit aangemeld het. Daar is ook gevind dat in 55% van die gevalle, hulle nie deur ‘n geregistreerde verpleegkundige vergesel was nie. Aanbevelings wat gemaak is, is gebaseer op die drie fases van die Haddon-matriks, naamlik die voor-beserings-fase, die beseringsfase en die na-beserings-fase. Die aanbevelings is gefokus op student-begeleiding, reflektiewe oefeninge, sensitiseringsessies voor die plasings in kliniese areas, asook ondersteuning van ‘n onafhanklike berader.
openalex: W2019564726 mag: 2019564726
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Perceived Roles of Information and Communication Technologies in the Implementation of Continuous Assessment in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Akindoju, Olugbenga Gabriel; Banjoko, S.; Jimoh, Akinola Saliu (African journal of teacher education, 2011)
The study examined the roles of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the conduct of continuous assessment in secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. Adopting a survey type of descriptive research, a self developed questionnaire was administered on 240 respondents (principals, vice-principals and teachers) from 20 randomly selected secondary schools across 5 local government areas. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and t-test inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance, to answer the research questions, and test hypotheses respectively. Based on the analysis conducted, it was found that; both school managers and teachers are aware of the use of ICT for continuous assessment in secondary schools; schools do not have adequate resources for employing ICT for continuous assessment in schools; there is no significant gender difference in teachers’ awareness level on the use of ICTs for continuous assessment contrary to that of the school managers. Appropriate recommendations were made by the authors.
openalex: W1882829330 mag: 1882829330
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Universal Basic Education and Human Resource Development and Utilization in Technical Education in Nigeria - Odu, Kennedy Oji (International journal of educational sciences (Delhi) (Print), 2011)
The study aimed to identify the degree of the administrative creativity of the public principals' practice in Tafila Directorate of Education.The sample consisted of 402 teachers (male and female) chosen randomly.The instrument of this study included 36 items.Means, standard deviations, and 3 -way ANOVA were used for statistical purposes.The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences for the interaction of gender with experience, the interaction of experience with scientific qualification and the interaction of gender, experience and qualification.According to the results it is recommended that the Directorate of Education in Tafila Province should hold training courses to develop the principals' competence in administrative creativity skills, motivating the teachers who hold bachelor degrees or less to join high programs in education (General diploma, master) to develop their academic and educational knowledge.
openalex: W4241709180
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The Role of Inquiry Teaching in Promoting Entrepreneurship at the Primary and Secondary School Levels in Nigeria - Olajide, Janet Omolayo (International journal of educational sciences (Delhi) (Print), 2011)
The study aimed to identify the degree of the administrative creativity of the public principals' practice in Tafila Directorate of Education.The sample consisted of 402 teachers (male and female) chosen randomly.The instrument of this study included 36 items.Means, standard deviations, and 3 -way ANOVA were used for statistical purposes.The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences for the interaction of gender with experience, the interaction of experience with scientific qualification and the interaction of gender, experience and qualification.According to the results it is recommended that the Directorate of Education in Tafila Province should hold training courses to develop the principals' competence in administrative creativity skills, motivating the teachers who hold bachelor degrees or less to join high programs in education (General diploma, master) to develop their academic and educational knowledge.
openalex: W4238989147
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Climate change and agricultural technology adoption: the case of drought tolerant maize in rural Nigeria - Tambo, Justice A.; Abdoulaye, Tahirou (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2011)
openalex: W2022509680 mag: 2022509680
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1St Southern African Students Psychology Conference, Gaborone, Botswana - Ally, Yaseen; Letsela, Lebohang; Goldberg, D (African Safety Promotion, 2011)
The 1st Southern African Students Psychology Conference was hosted as a collaboration between the University of South Africa (UNISA) and the University of Botswana over two days, 26 and 27 June 2009, at the University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. It was well attended by students from universities across South Africa and Botswana, as well as young and senior academics from various African countries, including Zambia, Dakar, Senegal and Malaysia.
openalex: W1965145437 mag: 1965145437
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Global Climate Change Politics and its Implications for Sustainable Forest Management in the Congo Basin Rainforest - Check, Nicasius Achu (Africa insight, 2011)
This article examines the current debate on climate change within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its impact on fragile ecosystems in Central Africa. The negotiations with regard to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions have been ongoing since 1997 and no tangible targets have been reached. The article contends that the initiative for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD-Plus) has not provided the necessary financial and technological development and transfer, and capacity building to developing countries as concluded in Bali in 2007 and recognised by the 15th Conference of Parties (COP-15). The article concludes by implying that COP-15 was just another international talkshop with no significant impact on the support of action on adaptation and mitigation in developing countries’ climate change frameworks.
openalex: W2116239255 mag: 2116239255
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Prevalence and Nature of Sexual Assault among Female Students in a Tertiary Institution in Maiduguri, Nigeria – A Cross Sectional Study - Geidam, Ado Danazumi; Njoku, Anthonia E; Bako, Babagana (International Journal of Health Research, 2011)
Purpose: Sexual assault is a violent crime against both the individual and society but is largely underreported.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and nature of sexual assault among female students in the University of Maiduguri.Methods: A crossectional descriptive study using a close ended, self -administered questionnaire administered to female students of a tertiary institution in Maiduguri was used to survey 400 female students in University of Maiduguri.Results: Most of the respondents were single 349 (87.3%) and in the age range of 20-24 {202 (50.5%)}.205 (51.3%) of them reported to have been sexually assaulted.In 154 (87.2%) of the cases, the respondents had a close relationship with the assailant.The commonest location of the assault was in a party 101 (49.3%), which was followed by classroom 45 (22%).Most of the sexual assault reported (57.6%) occurred in the evenings and nights.In 35.6% of the cases, the respondents sustained extra-genital trauma, while others had psychological (24.9%) and genital trauma (15.6%).Conclusion: Sexual assault rate among female students in the University of Maiduguri is high and is associated with physical and psychological traumas.
openalex: W2096829632 mag: 2096829632
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Engaging employees for improved retention at a higher education institution in South Africa - Ngobeni, Elizabeth Kedibone; Bezuidenhout, Adéle (African Journal of Business Management, 2011)
Engaging and retaining valuable and skilled employees is a major challenge faced by South African universities. The main aim of this study was to measure the levels of engagement of staff at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) and to determine whether labour turnover can be contained through effective engagement strategies. The methodology followed included a quantitative-descriptive survey distributed to 200 employees representing both academic and administrative departments at TUT. A 58% response rate was obtained. The main findings in terms of engagement levels were that the majority of the staff knew what was expected from them, felt their jobs were important and believed that they had the opportunity to employ their skills daily. A lack of feedback regarding progress and an absence of recognition of excellence, manifested as a concern for employees. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on employee engagement and turnover by providing line managers and human resources practitioners with insight into the specific workplace practices that will have a positive effect on the engagement levels of the entire staff component at TUT. Interventions that will address the existing shortcomings can be designed based on the findings of this study. Key words: Employee engagement, turnover, higher education, university of technology.
openalex: W2137292183 mag: 2137292183
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Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women Attending the University Teaching Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon - Njunda, Anna Longdoh; Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Assob, Jules-Clement N; Kamga, Henri-Lucien F; Tafili, Richard T; Achidi, Eric A. (International Journal of Health Research, 2011)
Purpose:The study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology and associated toxoplasmosis predisposing risk factors in Cameroon.Methods: The survey took place at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital from May to June 2008.Serum samples were collected from 110 pregnant women attending the ante natal clinic using aseptic techniques after obtaining informed consent.The samples were analysed using toxo-lgG immunocomb and toxo-IgM "capture" ELISA.A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on predisposing risk factors for toxoplamosis from each patient.Data was analysed on Epi-Info using confidence intervals and chi-square statistic test. Results:The average age of the women was 27.9+5.8yearsand the mean gestational age was 4.1+0.2months.The overall IgG seroprevalence was 65.5% {95% CI: 53.7-71.7%}and that of IgG and IgM co-infection was 2.7%.The seroprevalence was 75% in the first trimester, 60.6% in the second trimester and 50% in the third trimester.No statistically significant relationships were established between anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies and abortion history, meat consumption, potable water sources, cat ownership and age. Conclusion:The prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii is high and the first trimester in pregnancy carries the highest risk.All pregnant women should be screened for toxoplasmosis and educated on predisposing risk factors during antenatal visits.
openalex: W1991083979 mag: 1991083979
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Expanding Opportunity through Intentional Equity: Transforming Higher Education in South Africa to Benefit All - Notshulwana, Velile (Africa insight, 2011)
Seventeen years after the transition from a racially divided higher education system, which was designed to uphold white privilege and black subordination, apartheid continues to rear its ugly head. There is inadequate response to the changing face of South African universities; persistent inequality in the representation of women and black people in the academe, especially in senior management positions; and enduring covert racism in the academe through obsession with black students’ perceived deficits. The purpose of this article is to review the present postapartheid higher education framework and suggest an agenda that will work towards the expansion of access, retention and success that benefits all students regardless of their family background – specifically the development of strategies to overcome overemphasis on the student deficits, rather increase the recognition of their strengths as a basis of building the next generation of academics.
openalex: W2992842781 mag: 2992842781
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Working School Children in a Nigerian Community: Revisiting the Issues - Owoaje, Eme; Ige, Olusoji Mayowa; Bamgboye, Eniola (International Journal of Health Research, 2011)
Purpose:The prevalence, risk factors and effects of work on school performance and health consequences of child labour among school children in a rapidly urbanising community in south west Nigeria was assessed.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 386 Junior Secondary School students was conducted.Questionnaires were used to obtain information on the students' socio-demographic characteristics, history of child labour activities, and recent history of illness.The academic records of the students were also reviewed. Results:The prevalence of child labour was 72.5%, the median number of hours spent working per week was 18 hours (range 2-56 hours).The main reason for working was to augment the family income (37.6%).Child labour was commoner among those: whose mothers were not educated; who had four to eight siblings, and who had a working sibling.Higher proportions of working children had repeated a class and had failed the previous term's examinations.More of the working children reported being ill and injured in the previous term.Conclusion: Child labour is quite common in this area and is associated with negative academic and health outcomes.Multidisciplinary programmes targeted at reducing the practice should be developed.
openalex: W2157561375 mag: 2157561375
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