The European Union Training Mission in Somalia and the Limits of Liberal Peacebuilding: Can EUTM Contribute to Sustainable and Inclusive Peace? - Oksamytna, Kseniya (The International spectator, 2011)
The European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Somalia, the EU’s mission to contribute to the training of the Somali Security Forces, was deployed in April 2010 and extended for another 12-month period in July 2011. Despite the positive assessment of the outcome of the first training period, the overall feebleness of Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government puts the political feasibility of the mission into question. EUTM Somalia can be subjected to many of the same criticisms as the liberal peacebuilding agenda in general for trying to contain rather than resolve conflict and maintaining a top-down perspective which ignores organic, indigenous local structures.
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Effective students’ involvement in public relations: a strategy for improving enrolment into technical teacher education programme in Nigeria - Okwelle, P. Chijioke (American journal of social and management sciences, 2011)
The study was undertaken to determine the strategies for improving enrolment into technical teacher education programme in Nigeria through students' involvement in school public relations activities.Two reserach questions were formulated and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 percent level of significance.Questionaire was the instrument used in data collection, while Mean and ttest statistics were used for data analysis.Results showed that the following strategies among others were identfied for improving enrolment in technical teacher education through students involvement in public relations: integrating public relations in school curriculum; proper funding of the scheme and engaging students regularly in exhibitions and job fairs.Consequently, it was recommended among other things that well coordinated and funded public relations units with well defined responsibilities of students be established in technical teacher institutions in Nigeria.
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Assessment of the Learning Commons takeoff at the University of Botswana Library - Oladokun, Olugbade (Innovation-the European Journal of Social Science Research, 2011)
This article describes and assesses the processes involved in the University of Botswana Library's decision launch the Learning Commons (LC) project. These processes include the setting up of an exploratory committee on the LC, informational trips, the delineation of the location for the project, formulation of criteria for appointment of a manager, and developing management marketing and building staff capacity. The LC project is in line with the Library's goal advance its services improve the student experience and is in accord with the University's wider strategy for excellence. Hitherto unknown in most African university libraries, the Learning Commons is part of the bid of the University of Botswana live up its vision to be a leading centre of academic excellence in Africa and the world. Despite some initial apprehensiveness and reluctance of staff, and backed by the determination and commitment of the University's Executive Management ensure the success of the project, the identification of operational partners and their expression of willingness cooperate and participate, marks a landmark toward the success of the project.
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The Role of Inquiry Teaching in Promoting Entrepreneurship at the Primary and Secondary School Levels in Nigeria - Olajide, Janet Omolayo; Tod, James (International journal of educational sciences, 2011)
In this day and age when there are inadequate white collar jobs to satisfy the teeming population of graduates at various levels in the country, training to become an entrepreneur is one of the ways the government has employed in tackling the problem of unemployment. This paper therefore highlights the fact that entrepreneurship should not be limited to the tertiary institutions but rather from the primary and secondary schools through the inquiry method. It highlights the inquiry teaching method and showed the relationship between entrepreneurship and inquiry. This means that if the inquiry method is used in teaching science and even some other subjects, introducing entrepreneurship teaching will not be difficult and it will be well taken by the students. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which the government may encourage teachers to facilitate the teaching of students using the inquiry method.
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Country Report: Citizenship Education and Curriculum Development in Nigeria - Oluniyi, Oyeleke (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011)
The article highlights the evolutionary trends of citizenship education in Nigeria. The 1914 British amalgamation of erstwhile Northern and Southern Protectorates gave birth to Nigeria as a state. The disparage ethnic composition of the new state, especially after independence, necessitated finding a common ground to promote committed citizens, against primordial ethnic cleavages and indigenization. It is not therefore surprising that the role of education in fostering national citizenship and consciousness was emphasized. Initially, social studies was used as a curriculum framework, until lately when a new subject, civics, was created in primary and junior secondary schools. The author considers the historical, cultural and political context underlining these curricular changes and identifies the current and future challenges face by the implementation of Civics curricular in Nigerian schools.
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HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH - Oluwatoyin, Matthew (Manager Journal, 2011)
This study looked at Human Capital Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria – the Role of Education. Even though there are different perspectives to economic growth, there is a general consensus that growth will lead to a good change manifested in increased capacity of people to have control over material assets, intellectual resources and ideology, and obtain physical necessities of life like food, clothing, shelter, employment, e.t.c. This is why some people have argued that the purpose of growth is to improve peoples’ lives by expanding their choices, freedom and dignity. The belief in human capital as a necessity for growth started in Nigeria during the implementation of the 1955-60 Development Plan and today, with the importance of knowledge in the economy, human capital has increasingly attracted both academic and public interest. This study made use of the Unit Root and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) tests and found out that a positive relationship exists between government expenditure on education and economic growth while a negative relationship exists between government expenditure on health and economic growth. Therefore, based on these findings, the study recommended that the Government should increase not just the amount of expenditure made on the education and health sectors, but also the percentage of its total expenditure accorded to these sectors. The ten percent benchmark proffered by the present national plan should be adopted.
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The role of school feeding programme in enhancing access to primary education in Magadi division, Kanjiado district, Kenya - Onyimbo, Dorcas Mulongo (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 87p. The LB 3479.K4O5 2007
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A Comparative Analysis of Universal Basic Education Programme in Nigeria (UBE) and the “Grundskola” Education Programme of Sweden - Opara, Jacinta A. (Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 2011)
The formation of educational policies is complex by nature. The complexity owes not only to the fact that education is asector where it is difficult to identify the underpinnings and their effects to be foreseen, but also to the diversity of interests thateducation represents for the different actors in society. In the dynamics of educational management, within the large context of aglobal quest for Education for All (EFA), the Nigerian UBE and the Swedish Grundskola programmes have a fundamentalprinciple in common. Compared to other socio-economic sectors, educational development involves more difficult andmultidimensional problems. Faced with financial constraints, governments in many countries are not able to meet the broadsocial demands without adopting restrictive measures within the education sector, while rationalising the use of allocatedresources. Because there are too many actors, variables and the interrelations between these, the result of Education for All(EFA) with the Grundskola was successful perhaps, based on some of the issues discussed while that of the Nigerian UniversalBasic Education (UBE) programme proved abortive.
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Addressing South African Pre-service Teachers’ Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns Regarding Inclusive Education - Oswald, Marietjie; Swart, Estelle (International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2011)
This article recounts the findings of a study that investigated pre-service teachers’ attitudes and concerns regarding inclusive education and their degree of comfort when interacting with people with disabilities after completing courses on inclusive education. One hundred and eighty pre-service teachers from one higher education institution in South Africa completed the Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale. They were all being prepared to teach at either the primary (41%) or secondary (59%) level of education. Pre-service teachers’ mean scores on the sentiments scale increased following the intervention (p < 0.001), as did the mean scores on the attitudes scale (p < 0.001). However, mean scores related to their concerns decreased (p = 0.01). With respect to the latter finding, as a result of the intervention the pre-service teachers became more worried about resources to support inclusive education (p < 0.001), the reality of large classes (p = 0.01) and their workload (p = 0.04). Recommendations based on the research findings are made, suggesting that the quality of courses on inclusive education should be enhanced in higher education institutions.
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Sexual and reproductive health education among dressmakers and hairdressers in the Assin South District of Ghana. - Owusu, Samuel Asiedu; Blankson, Emmanuel J.; Abane, Albert (PubMed, 2011)
This was an exploratory study on how dressmakers and hairdressers in the Assin South District of Ghana receive education on sexual and reproductive health. The respondents comprised mainly of full time female dressmakers and hairdressers as well as their apprentices (aged between 15 and 35 years, had attained basic education and were never married). Although some of the respondents were able to mention some sexual and reproductive health education programmes such as 'Mmaa Nkomo', most of them could not recall the recent topic discussed. Respondent's major sources of information on sexual and reproductive health were friends, mass media, health professionals and parents. A significant proportion of them did not consider sexual and reproductive health issues as a priority for human development and thus paid little or no attention its educational programmes. It was recommended that dressmaking and hairdressing supervisors should be regularly trained in sexual and reproductive health issues to enable them educate their apprentices.
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Evidence on inclusion and support for learners with disabilities in mainstream schools in South Africa: off the policy radar? - Pather, Sulochini (International Journal of Inclusive Education, 2011)
Abstract Since the move towards inclusion in line with international trends and South Africa’s attempts to address issues of marginalisation and discrimination amongst all learners, including those with special needs and disabilities, it has become evident on perusal of various research studies and reviews that there is an obsession with how far we have come since the introduction of an inclusive education policy in 2001 which formalises a strategy to ensure increased access and support for all learners within the system, including those with special needs and disabilities. There is an inherent assumption that we have not arrived as yet, and research suggests a continuing scepticism and lack of confidence amongst educators in mainstream settings to support children with disabilities in their schools and classrooms. This article focuses on research which shows that learners with disabilities are in fact being successfully included within one of these mainstream schools, by default and with a range of available support, despite not being designated as a ‘full‐service school’. The study is based on interviews with students with physical disabilities in a Black rural secondary school, as well as observations and interviews with staff and non‐disabled students. Findings reveal an existence of teacher, peer and community support, including from a neighbouring special school, suggesting a notion of inclusion which was about naturally putting values into action. Such practice, I argue, remains obscure and off the policy radar in South Africa. Keywords: inclusiondisabilitymainstreampolicySouth Africaruralsecondarysupportbarriers Notes Thesis completed in previous name ‘Jairaj’. Approximately 130 miles from the city of Durban. Pseudonym used to replace the real name of the school. Pseudonym used to replace the real name of the school. The National Matriculation Examinations written by all students.
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Drinking and driving and other risk taking behaviors among university students in South Africa : health and lifestyle - Phaswana‐Mafuya, Nancy; Davids, A. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
This study assesses the relationship between drinking and driving and other risk taking behaviours among university students in Limpopo, South Africa aged 17 to 24 years old. A purposive sample of 111 undergraduate university student drivers participated in the study after they had consented to participate. More than 50% of the respondents were pedi-speaking Christian women residing in rural areas. A structured questionnaire was completed by respondents. The results demonstrate that young people engage in risk taking behaviours. The mean scores reveal that engagement in risk behaviour was higher among respondents who had never engaged in drinking and driving (mean score =4.91) than among those who had engaged in drinking and driving (mean score =3.82). However, the independent-samples test showed that the mean score difference between the two groups was not significant (p=. 098). The data reveal that traffic violations and drinking frequency scores were significantly positively correlated with DD, while attitude score was significantly negatively correlated DD. The data reveal that drinking frequency was positively significantly correlated with riding with someone who has been drinking while differential reinforcement was negatively significantly correlated with riding with someone who has been drinking. Logistic regression analysis showed that traffic violations were predictive of drinking and driving. Respondents who had traffic violations were approximately six times likely to DD. This implies that prevention programmes should be broad-based and consider drinking and drinking and driving within the larger context of drinking and driving-related risk taking behaviours and traffic safety in general. Keywords: Drinking and driving, South Africa, risk behaviours and youth.
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Missed Opportunities: Examining the Literacy Experiences of African American Students Displaced by Hurricane Katrina. - Pollard, Tamica McClarty (2011)
The purpose of this study was to examine how five African American middle school students, who were displaced by Hurricane Katrina represent their literacy experiences before, during, and after their displacement. Specifically, the two research questions were: (a) What are the stories that these middle school students tell about their lives, before, during, and after their displacement, and (b) What do their stories reveal about their literacy experience before, during, and after their displacement? Narrative Inquiry was the chosen methodology for the study, which allowed the participants to tell their experiences from a first-person perspective. It also encouraged the participants to reflect upon these experiences, in order to give meaning to their thoughts and emotions. Employing a critical lens and perspective, I constructed a narrative profile for each participant, which was then analyzed using these methods. Each narrative profile detailed the literacy experiences of the participants before Hurricane Katrina, during the transition period, and current literacy experiences now that the participants are resettled and attending school in the host city. These data were supplemented by archival data such as report cards, individual education plans (IEPs), and Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) scores. Data analysis of the five participants’ literacy experiences revealed common themes. These participants have pleasant memories of school literacy before the storm and mentioned “choice” as a component of those experiences. During the transition period, few or no literacy experiences took place. Hence, there were missed opportunities for the participants to use literacy experiences to make connections to their new world. Participants reported current classroom and school experiences were controlled environments that led to controlled literacy experiences. This compartmentalization of literacy experiences is not consistent with the critical literacy perspective adopted in this study. Their interviews suggested that they that they saw no connection between school literacy and their literacy experiences outside school.
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Nurturing lifelong learning in communities through the National University of Lesotho: prospects and challenges - Preece, Julia; Croome, David; Ntene, Mankatso; Ngozwana, Nomazulu (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2011)
This paper analyses one aspect of a pan-African action research project called ITMUA (Implementing the Third Mission of Universities in Africa). This particular paper draws on the data from that project to explore the National University of Lesotho’s contribution to lifelong learning in its communities. It provides background information on the ITMUA initiative and analyses interview and focus group responses to two case studies in terms of their contribution to lifelong learning. It uses, as its analytical framework, a modified version of Mbigi’s African perspective on the four De Lors’ ‘pillars’, by adding a fifth pillar, courtesy of Torres. The paper argues that community engagement is a two-way process between universities and their wider constituencies with opportunities for mutual lifelong learning. But there are also challenges of understanding and process which must be addressed if the full range of these lifelong learning pillars is to be accommodated within African contexts. The paper provides a...
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Education for Intranational and International Understanding Awareness Building amongEducational Leaders and Educator in Madagascar - Rakotomalala, Hanitriniaina Niry; Kwon, Sungho (학습과학연구, 2011)
Today‘s national borders are becoming more and more permeable, and into a global village. The result of the globalization has been the creation of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious communities which require more demanding kinds of understanding. It is crucial that education would enhance knowledge of different cultures, peoples, beliefs and values that help individuals and communities not only to live together but also to be able to participate, to lead dialogues and to be equipped with the capacities to live a global citizen. Peace and harmony do not flow out from nowhere; these are ideals that we have to learn to build together. The objective of this study is to raise awareness of education leaders, educators and students in Madagascar on the relevance of E.I.U in both intranational and international context. We also aim at sharing inputs and experiences acquired through the fellowship at APCEIU with some secondary school teachers in Madagascar and conceptualize together with them basic E.I.U-related secondary school activities that they can use at once for a very first step toward E.I.U practice at Malagasy school.
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Assessment of Farmers’ Perceived Utilization of the Entertainment-Education Format for Sourcing Agricultural Information in Southeastern Nigeria - Rasak, Olajide B. (Journal of agricultural sciences, 2011)
Utilization of Entertainment-Education format was assessed to determine its potential use by farmers for sourcing agricultural information in southeastern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure resulted in the selection and interview of 612 farmers. Findings reveal that majority of the farmers were in their active years (70.8%), married (81.3%) and engaged more in crop farming (63.7%). Radio rates as the most easily accessible (93.7%), preferred (81.6%) and used (74.8%) entertainment medium for sourcing agricultural information. However, music (35.6%), folklores (39.4%) and drama (32.9%) were rated as highly relevant by farmers. Farmers’ sex (χ2=10.6; p< 0.05) agricultural enterprise (χ2=26.2; p< 0.05) and education (χ2=17.0; p< 0.05) had significant relationship with respect to their perceived relevance of EE media for sourcing agricultural information. It is recommended that media relevance be considered in the design and formulation of EE based agricultural programs while all EE media should be exploited for disseminating agricultural news.
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HIV/AIDS knowledge, behaviour and beliefs among South African university students - Reddy, Poovendhree; Frantz, José M. (SAHARA-J, 2011)
Globally, South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS. In the absence of cure, prevention is the only available method to reduce HIV prevalence rates. This can only be obtained through behavioural change, which is associated with a good knowledge about HIV. The study aims to determine the knowledge, beliefs, behaviours and sources of HIV and AIDS information among university students at two tertiary institutions in South Africa. The study was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative survey. Students from the Western Cape Province and the KwaZulu-Natal Province participated in the study. The main findings of the study were that although students had an adequate general knowledge on HIV/AIDS, both groups scored the lowest in the transmission modes of HIV. The media was the main source of HIV/AIDS information for students and university health care facilities need to be more proactive in informing students about the transmission of HIV/AIDS.
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An implementation evaluation study of the "My future is my choice" HIV and AIDS education programme in the Directorate of Education, Oshana Region, Northern Namibia - Salom, Nespect Butty (2011)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “My Future is My Choice” (MFMC) is an extra-curricular life skills programme in Na-mibia aimed at minimising the impact of HIV and AIDS among young people. The pro-gramme was introduced fourteen years ago and is believed to have had a significant im-pact on young people who were enrolled in and graduated from it. The programme tar-gets young people from grades 8 to 12. The purpose of this study was to assess how the “My Future is My Choice” Programme imparts knowledge and skills to young people in the Ompundja Circuit of the Oshana Directorate of Education, in Northern Namibia. This was an implementation evaluation study, following a qualitative approach to collect in-depth information. Data was collect-ed by two means: focus group interviews with an interview guide as an instrument, and analysis of documents. Purposeful sampling was used to select twenty young people from the population of young people who graduated from the programme. Young people from three secondary schools and one combined school were interviewed. The outcome of the study indicated that young people who graduated from the pro-gramme were better equipped with knowledge and skills that enable them to protect themselves from HIV infection. The study also indicated that the strategies used to im-plement the programme are crucial to the successful transfer of information to young people enrolled in the programme. However, some challenges which need immediate attention for improvement concern the number of participants, the content, a review of topics and the time allocated to the implementation of the programme. It is therefore recommended that recipients be consulted for input on what their needs are with regard to HIV and AIDS prevention. As the programme began fourteen years ago, its strategies now require updating and revision of the programme has become necessary. The revision of the programme will enable its facilitators to incorporate new ideas and methods of HIV prevention gained from over a decade of experience. It would also allow for the identification of young people’s needs and incorporate relevant topics that are not currently covered in the manual. Hence, collaboration between facilitators, learners, teachers, parents, communities and programme designers is a key element in ensuring the continued success of the “My Future is My Choice” Programme.%%%%AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: “My Future is My Choice” (MFMC) is ŉ bykomende lewensvaardigheidsprogram in Namibie wat die impak van MIV en VIGs onder jongmense wil verminder. Die program is 14 jaar gelede ingestel en het na bewering ŉ beduidende uitwerking gehad op jongmense wat daarvoor ingeskryf het en dit voltooi het. Die program is afgestem op jongmense in graad 8 tot 12. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal in watter mate die MFMC-program die jongmense in die Ompundja-distrik in die Onderwysdirektoraat van Oshana in Noord-Namibie met kennis en vaardighede toerus. Die studie het ŉ implementeringsevaluering behels, en het diepte-inligting met behulp van ŉ kwalitatiewe…
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Reflections on a workshop on popular education, direct action and the arts in tackling environmental justice struggles, held at the World Education Forum in Palestine, October 2010 - Scandrett, Eurig; Glass, Dan; Nada-Rajah, Rebecca (Journal of Arts & Communities, 2011)
ABSTRACT This case study describes a piece of emersion theatre conducted during a workshop at the World Education Forum in Ramallah, Palestine in 2010. The piece explores the relationship between three different approaches to political change: popular education; direct action and art – using the scenario of a campaign against environmental pollution. The workshop was designed to focus critically on the tensions between the three approaches with a view to understand better their contributions to radical social change. The case study describes the theoretical background as well as the insights from the workshop.
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Does Training Make a Difference? Evaluating Journalism Training Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa - Schiffrin, Anya; Behrman, Michael (Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 2011)
Media in much of sub-Saharan Africa are severely constrained by lack of resources, government pressure, the influence of media ownership, and the quality of secondary education and professional education. In many countries, newspapers are unable to perform the role of watchdog or to educate the public effectively, in part because of difficulties faced by their journalists. Into the breach have stepped myriad foreign, journalism training organizations. Some are non-governmental organizations with a development agenda that seek to promote education about their causes. Others are training arms of professional media groups or organizations that work on journalism education. As with most foreign donor-funded development programs, evidence of impact is expected. But very little academic research exists on evaluation of journalism training programs. Two new studies deployed content analysis and interviews with trained journalists to assess training's effectiveness.
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The ABC's of Literacy and Learning: A Case Study of Preschooling in Gaborone, Botswana - Sebina, Kelebogile; Ketsitlile, Lone Elizabeth (2011)
Background preschool education in Botswana The Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Program was recognized as essential in preparation of for basic education in Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE, 1994) in Botswana. The Department of Primary Education in Ministry of Education was tasked with duties of monitoring, evaluating program as recommended by Revised National Policy on Education. According RNPE, centers' should be registered, supervised, curriculum be developed, teachers trained in emergent literacy and standards set. However, according Education Statistics Unit (ESU) of Central Statistics office in Ministry of Education, almost 98% of teachers in pre-schools are untrained in Botswana. The number of untrained teachers in preschools is on rise, which is contrary expectation on quality education at all level s on trained teachers (Education Report, 2006). The RNPE promotes access education at pre-primary and primary levels, quality and relevant education. The purpose of this exercise, according RNPE, 1994, is prepare Batswana for transition from a traditional agro-based economy industrial economy that would be able compete with other countries globally. Purpose of study The purpose of this study is And out extent of teacher and caregiver interaction involving print in children's literacy and language in a preschool in Gaborone, Botswana. Literacy and learning is a process that begins or should begin in home and school as early as possible. The following research questions informed study: 1) To what extent do teachers in preschool interact with scaffold them in their literacy development? 2) What activities (if any) do teachers engages and interacts with children? 3) How do teachers interact with children? 4) What activities do engage in amongst themselves? Theoretical framework The theoretical framework that informs this study is that of Vygosky (1978). According Vygosky, childrens interaction with adults is prime their literacy and learning development. Vygosky's notion of zone proximity development posits children are seen as internalizing process practiced through participation with adults advance their individual skills (Vygosky, 1978:p. 383). This participation scaffolds children's individual literacy development. Vygosky talks about 'social construction' (p. 383) as a key element in children's' literacy development. According Vygotsky, learning is a process and talk is at heart of it. Literature review Despite efforts by United States of America (USA) federal government, school boards and educators, differences still very much exists in literacy between preschool programs and teacher experiences. Hence, inadequacy in literacy is norm not only in US schools but, in Botswana as well. Schickedanz (2003) blamed inadequate reading, less time reading and inconsistencies in writing as some of things that are lacking in literacy instruction. The International Reading Association (IRA) is very transparent in its position regarding children's reading and writing. It states that the ability read and write does not develop naturally, without carefully planning and instruction (IRA/National Association for Education of Young Children, 1988, p.6). Reading and learning read is a skill that should consciously and thoughtfully be taught. Invernizzi (2003) states that to learn read, need be aware of structures of both spoken and written language at word, phrase and sentence levels (p. 140). Letters, games, words and sentences have be taught for children's literacy develop. Games, rhythms and puzzles add color and interest this vibrant learning process. Story telling is another powerful literacy activity that is important in developing children's language and literacy (Smolkin & Conlon, 1989). …
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The Nature, Extent and Causes of Abuse of Children with Disabilities in Schools in Botswana - Shumba, Almon; Abosi, Okey (International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2011)
Studies show that the exact number of children with disabilities in Botswana is unknown. A study on child abuse sought to determine: the forms of child abuse perpetrated on children with disabilities; the extent of child abuse; and the causes of child abuse of children with disabilities. A questionnaire on child abuse was adapted and used to collect data in this study. Participants comprised a sample of 31 pupils with disabilities (15 children with vision impairment and 16 children with hearing impairment) selected from special schools in Botswana. The study found that the majority of participants were involved in doing domestic chores. They were also sexually, physically and emotionally abused by their teachers. This study showed that children with disabilities were vulnerable to child abuse in their schools.
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Pedagogical conceptions of Finnish teachers of transnational dances. Cases: African dance, Oriental dance and Flamenco - Siljamäki, Mariana; Anttila, Eeva; Sääkslahti, Arja (Nordic journal of dance, 2011)
Abstract Today, multiculturalism is increasing in the Nordic societies. It is also evidently reflected in the arts, including dance. Simultaneously, understanding different dance cultures is becoming more important in the field of dance pedagogy. This article discusses the pedagogical conceptions of Finnish teachers of transnational dances and their experiences in teaching African dance, Oriental dance and flamenco. Through a process of a phenomenographic data analysis, the authors have identified three different ways to understand the nature of transnational dances: 1) Dance is art, 2) Dance is culture open to all people and simultaneously art and physical education, and 3) Dance is a part of well-being. These different views seem to be reflected in the teachers’ pedagogical conceptions that are the main focus of the data analysis. The article includes descriptions of the different pedagogical ways of thinking of the teachers. The present findings can be used to increase the awareness of teachers who focus on teaching the dances of different cultures. They are also relevant for the future development of physical education and dance teacher programs, where cultural consciousness is considered relevant.
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Teacher Professional Development with an Education for Sustainable Development Focus in South Africa: Development of a Network, Curriculum Framework and Resources for Teacher Education - Sisitka, Heila Lotz (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011)
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Optimizing irrigated horticulture and prediction of climate change impacts by crop modeling for Niger - Sitta, Aissatou (2011)
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Impact of large-scale climate variability and change on crop yields in Africa: An observational assessment - Smoliak, Brian V.; Po‐Chedley, Stephen; Cullen, Alison C. (AGUFM, 2011)
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Climate change: causes and effects on African agriculture - Sodangi, I.A.; Izge, A. U.; Maina, Y. T. (2011)
Climate is the primary important factor for agricultural production. Science has made enormous efforts in understanding climate change and its causes, and is helping to develop a strong understanding of the current and potential impacts that will affect people today and in the future. This understanding is crucial because it allows decision makers to place climate change in the context of other large challenges facing Africa and the world. This study reviews the causes and effects of climate change on agriculture in Africa. The main interests are findings concerning the present and potential impacts to agricultural systems, role of human adaptations in responding to climate change, and potential changes in patterns of food production.
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The impact of climate change on crop production in West Africa: an assessment for the Oueme River Basin in Benin - AgClim Letters, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) - Sonneveld, B.G.J.S.; Keyzer, M.A.; Adegbola, Patrice Ygué; Pande, S. (2011)
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Cognitive behaviour therapy training in a developing country: a pilot study in Tanzania - Stone, Lydia; Warren, Fiona (The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 2011)
Abstract: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in treating mental health problems in the UK, but little has been done to evaluate the potential of CBT in developing countries. This paper aims to discuss the development and implementation of a CBT training course for clinicians working in Tanzania's main psychiatric hospital in the capital city, Dodoma. A 12-session training course in CBT was delivered to nine clinicians. An outcome evaluation was conducted using multiple measures and methods, taken before and after the training. Information on cultural adaptations of the training was obtained. All participants completed the course, but there were several obstacles to full completion of the evaluation measures. Despite this, there were significant improvements in clinicians’ basic understanding of CBT concepts, and their ability to apply the CBT model to formulate and recommend treatment strategies in response to a clinical case. Qualitative information indicated the potential of developing CBT training and implementation further. As a pilot study, this investigation shows the promise that CBT holds for mental health services in Tanzania. Further research into the training and clinical effectiveness of CBT in Tanzania is indicated.
openalex: W2029873619 mag: 2029873619
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New perspectives on multidecadal drought in East Africa during the Common Era - Tierney, Jessica E.; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; deMenocal, Peter B (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2011)
openalex: W2994598958 mag: 2994598958
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Extent of student participation in decision making in secondary schools in Kenya. - Tikoko, Betty; Kiprop, Catherine (2011)
This study investigated the extent of student participation in secondary schools in Kenya. The study was prompted by the recurrent student unrest in Kenya; often blamed in media and research to unequal decision making opportunities in schools. Data was collected by means of a survey questionnaire distributed among 300 secondary school learners and thirty teachers. The findings revealed that though there attempts to include views of students in school policy, such attempts were mainly tokenistic and did not extend to core management issues. Students were only allowed to participate in student welfare issues but were deemed to be immature and therefore unable to participate neither in administrative issues such as managing funds and budget nor in curriculum issues such as teaching methods or number of exams. It was thus concluded that student participation in secondary schools was still wanting and needed to be expanded to include issues beyond student welfare issues.
openalex: W2184191234 mag: 2184191234
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A two-stage climate adaptation framework for improving irrigation planning in the Niger River Basin - Troemel, S.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Ryzhkov, A.; Simmer, Clemens (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2011)
openalex: W3133528734 mag: 3133528734
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Practicing Teachers Perception of Undergraduate Preparation for Science Teaching in Secondary Schools in Nigeria - Udeani, Uchenna; Ejikeme, Charity (2011)
The purpose of this survey study was to find out practicing teachers' perceptions of undergraduate preparation for science teaching in the areas of content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, work habits and safety, fostering best practices and continued professional development. A focus group interview was conducted and a 4-point likert type questionnaire was administered to eight hundred and ten practicing science teachers drawn from secondary schools within Lagos West senatorial Zone, consisting of three Local Education Districts (LED). Data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The results indicated that practicing teachers perceived inadequate preparation particularly in the utilization of (i) West Africa Examination Council Examination Syllabus (ii) prescribed textbooks (iii) ICT (iv) Meta-cognitive instructional strategies, (v) science -Technology-Society approach (vi) communication skills. Teachers in the sample also mentioned inadequate exposure to work habits and safety issues and the skills that foster best practices in their training. On professional development, the teachers supported re-certification examination and the introduction of a period of mentoring for beginning teachers. The implication of the findings for improving science teacher education in the 21st century was highlighted.
openalex: W2333340844 mag: 2333340844
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Scaling relationship between corner frequencies and seismic moments of ultra micro earthquakes estimated with coda-wave spectral ratio -the Mponeng mine in South Africa - Wada, Naoyuki; Kawakata, Hironori; Murakami, Osamu; Doi, Issei; Yoshimitsu, N.; Nakatani, Masao; Yabe, Yasuo; Naoi, Makoto; Miyakawa, Koji; Miyake, Hideaki; Ide, S.; Igarashi, Toshihiro; et al. (AGUFM, 2011)
openalex: W3012575190 mag: 3012575190
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Look at That!: Using Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches to Develop and Enhance the Scientific Inquiry Skill of Observation in Middle School Students. - Wagler, Ron (Science Scope, 2011)
openalex: W327819168 mag: 327819168
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In-school physical activity patterns of primary school learners from disadvantaged schools in South Africa : health and lifestyle - Walter, Cheryl (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2011)
Guidelines for the maintenance of health and wellbeing in children recommend at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. In South Africa, community sport and recreation facilities and opportunities are meagre in areas previously disadvantaged by apartheid, so schools should be primary sites for enabling children to meet these recommendations. However, physical education has been marginalized in the curriculum and extra-curricular sports provision has declined. The purpose of this study was to investigate children's school day physical activity patterns in relation to meeting daily recommended guidelines. A total of 112 children (boys n=53; girls n=59), from Grades 3 to 6 (aged 8 to 12) from 3 disadvantaged schools participated in the study. Physical activity, representing the whole school day and recess, was measured over 5 days using ActiGraph accelerometers. Qualitative interviews were conducted on a subsample of 20 learners. The results indicated that children accumulated 35 minutes of in-school MVPA, contributing 58% of the 60 minutes of MVPA a day recommendation. Recess accounted for 37% of in-school MVPA. Boys participated in significantly more in-school MVPA than girls (boys=38.47 ± 16.10 min, girls=32.59 ± 14.03 min). Almost 90% of Grade 6s failed to accumulate 30 minutes of MVPA. Low levels of in-school MVPA among girls and the marked decline at Grade 6 are disturbing. Schools should be pivotal in the provision of physical activity to combat the health risks associated with increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Schools need to increase PA through the provision of quality physical education and find cost effective ways of promoting school-day PA.
openalex: W1507296882 mag: 1507296882
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The Case for Evergreen Agriculture in Africa: Enhancing Food Security with Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Zambia - Ward, Murray (2011)
openalex: W2758714376 mag: 2758714376
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Climate Change and Floods in Yemen: Impacts on Food Security and Options for Adaptation - Wiebelt, Manfred; Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Robertson, Richard D.; Thiele, Rainer (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2011)
This paper uses both a global and local perspective to assess the impacts of climate change on the Yemeni economy, agriculture, and household income and food security. The major impact channels of climate change are through changing world food prices as a result of global food scarcities, long-term local yield changes as a result of temperature and rainfall variations, and damages and losses of cropland, fruit trees, livestock, and infrastructure as a result of natural disasters such as recurrent storms and floods. Moreover, spatial variation in climate change impacts within Yemen means that such effects can vary across subnational regions. We develop a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model with six agroecological zones to capture linkages between climate change, production, and household incomes. We also capture changes in per capita calorie consumption in response to changing household expenditure for assessing changes in people's hunger situation as a measure for food security. Given the high uncertainty surrounding future global food prices and local yields, all simulations are run under two global climate scenarios. The results of the CGE simulations suggest that climate-change-induced higher global prices for food will lower Yemen's overall GDP growth, raise agricultural GDP, decrease real household incomes, and increase the number of hungry people. Local impacts of climate change are different for the two climate scenarios. Overall, the long-term implications of climate change (local and global) lead to a total accumulated reduction of household welfare of between US$5.7 and $9.2 billion by 2050 under MIR or CSI conditions, respectively. Moreover, between 80,000 and 270,000 people could go hungry due to climate change. Rural households are harder hit than urban households, and among the rural households the non-farm households suffer most. This household group is projected to lose an accumulated 3.5 to 5.7 billion US$ as a consequence of longer term climate change by 2050. In addition to the longer-term climate change effects, climate variability is shown to induce heavy economic losses and spikes in food insecurity. The impact assessment of the October 2008 tropical storm and floods in the Wadi Hadramout puts the total cumulated real income loss over the period 2008-12 at 180 percent of pre-flood agricultural value added. Due to the direct flood loss, farmers in the flooding areas suffer most in the year of the flood occurrence, where the percentage of hungry people living from farming spiked by about 15 percentage points as an immediate result of the flood. Action to mitigate the negative effects of climate change and variability should to be taken on the global and local level. A global action plan for improving food security combined with a better integration of climate change in national development strategies, agricultural and rural policies, and disaster risk management and social protection policies will be keys for improving the resilience of Yemen and Yemenis to climate change.
openalex: W1519649625 mag: 1519649625
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The relationship among school adjustment, gender and academic achievement amongst secondary school students in Kisumu district Kenya - Winga, Maureen Adhiambo; Agak, John; Ayere, A. Mildred (Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2011)
Poor school adjustment leads to low academic achievement, behavioural problems, discordant educational aspirations and even school dropout. The current study investigated the levels of school adjustment and its relationship with academic achievement. Gender differences in school adjustment were also examined. The theory used in the current study is the stage-environment fit theory propounded by Eccles and Midgley. A cross sectional research design was employed. The target population was 4500 students. The sample consisted of 450 secondary school students with mean age 18.38, SD 1.078. The form four classes in the selected schools were used. Questionnaires as well as official KCSE examination results were used to collect data in the study. Cronbachs' alpha as well as a pilot study was used to depict the reliability of the instrument. Face validity was also ascertained by three experts from the department. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like the mean, frequency counts and percentages. The inferential statistics that were used in the study were t-tests. The results showed that there were no significant differences between girls and boys in school adjustment, there were significant differences between high achievers and low achievers in dedication, absorption, engagement and school adjustment. The study recommends that the study environment of the low achievers be further scrutinized.
openalex: W9859061 mag: 9859061
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Evaluating technical efficiencies of lower secondary schools in Uganda :A non-parametric approach - Wokadala, James (2011)
openalex: W356052333 mag: 356052333
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Learning to "see" sound: An investigation into the intellectual and linguistic resources that urban middle school African American boys utilize in the practice of representing sound transmission - Wright, Christopher (2011)
openalex: W2989992838 mag: 2989992838
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The Response of Environmental Capacity for Malaria Transmission in West Africa to Climate Change - Yamana, Teresa K.; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2011)
openalex: W2992132111 mag: 2992132111
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Experience with the design and operation of sustainable wastewater treatment facilities for pollution control and water reuse in Morocco and Jordan - Young, Thomas C.; Brinkley, John; Copithorn, Rhodes R.; Karam, Joseph; Abu-Rayyan, O. (Water Practice & Technology, 2011)
Operating experience at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Morocco was used to develop design criteria and operating procedures for the construction of two new WWTPs in Shobak and North Shouneh, Jordan to treat septage from small communities to water reuse standards. The WWTPs use an anaerobic/settling digestion tank, facultative lagoons, intermittent or recirculating sand filters, and reed beds to remove solids, carbon, nitrogen, and pathogens. The facilities are sustainable in that they minimize the use of complex mechanical and electrical equipment, do not require chemicals or high electrical demands, and produce beneficial products for the communities which include irrigation water, reeds, and dried biosolids that can be used as a soil amendment.
openalex: W2004818120 mag: 2004818120
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Learning Methods and Problems of Qur’an Reciters (Malays and Africans) - Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja; Zainuddin, Roziati; Yusoff, Zulkifli Mohd (QURANICA - International Journal of Quranic Research, 2011)
This article tries to analyse Qur’an reciters. A survey was conducted to identify the problems in reciting the Qur’an for Arabic speakers (Malay and Africans) and non-Arabic speakers (Malay), to identify methods of teaching/learning how to recite the Qur’an, to determine whether there are any relationship between the method used in teaching the Qur’an with the problems encountered by the reciters, to determine whether there are relationship between problems in reciting the Qur’an with the age of the reciters which can be linked to the method of learning the Qur’an. The results shows that there is evidence that fluency of recitation, remembering tajwid rules and comprehending the words in the Qur’an increases with the ability to speak the Arabic language, the higher level of reciters of the Qur’an the lesser problems encountered in their recitation and problems encountered by the reciters of Qur’an can be reduced by increasing the general learning method i.e. making more effort towards learning Qur’an or providing the alternative methods on learning Qur’an.
openalex: W2757255316 mag: 2757255316
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Fluorine-, yttrium- and lanthanide-rich cerianite-(Ce) from carbonatitic rocks of the Kerimasi volcano and surrounding explosion craters, Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania - Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Chakhmouradian, Anton R.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Spratt, John; Williams, C. T.; Stanley, Chris J.; Петров, С. В.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Polyakova, E. A. (Mineralogical Magazine, 2011)
Abstract Cerianite-(Ce), ideally CeO 2 , occurs as rounded grains up to 5 μm across in a block of highly altered calcite carbonatite lava from the Kerimasi volcano, and as euhedral crystals up to 200 μm across in carbonatite-derived eluvial deposits in the Kisete and Loluni explosion craters in the Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania. X-ray powder diffraction data (a = 5.434(5) Å) and Raman spectroscopy (minor vibration modes at 184 and 571 cm —1 in addition to a strong signal at 449 cm —1 ) suggest the presence of essential amounts of large cations and oxygen vacancies in the Kisete material. Microprobe analyses reveal that the mineral contains both light and heavy trivalent rare earth elements (REE) (7.9-15.5 wt.% LREE 2 O 3 and 4.9-9.7 wt.% HREE 2 O 3 ), and that it is enriched in yttrium (7.1 — 14.5 wt.% Y 2 O 3 ) and fluorine (2.2—3.5 wt.%). Single-crystal structure refinement of the mineral confirms a fluorite-type structure with a cation—anion distance of 2.3471(6) Å. The cerianite-(Ce) is considered to be a late-stage secondary mineral in the carbonatitic rocks.
openalex: W2147951902 mag: 2147951902
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Obafemi Awolowo on Dialectic, Education and Development in Nigeria - Aboluwodi, Akinjide (Higher Education of Social Science, 2011)
Awolowo develops a theory of dialectic which rests on the principle of social justice, fairness and equity. It is a departure from the Hegelian dialectic which thrives on contradiction. For Awolowo, dialectic is about love, hence it works with the basic rule of life, namely, that good begets good and evil begets evil. In his analysis, Awolowo sees love as a basic rule of life for leaders who are desirous of achieving effective governance translatable to development. In his belief, good governance flows from an adherence to this basic principle and it is apparent in the leader’s readiness to be transparent and accountable for their actions in power. In essence, Awolowo’s dialectic is about the leader’s willingness to pursue a course of action that is capable of bringing about social justice, equity and fairness in society. Awolowo sees a symmetrical relation between education and political consciousness, hence his belief that mass education is necessary for the development of political culture in Nigeria. For him an illiterate person is a pawn in the hands of his fellow men/ women; however, with education he becomes liberated. This paper attempts to show that there is strength in Awolowo’s dialectic; hence it could contribute to the ongoing debates on good governance and development in Nigeria and Africa. Key words: Dialectic; Development; Immutable law; Universal mind; Good governance; Leadership; Mental magnitude
openalex: W2100543730 mag: 2100543730
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Transfer of Amoxicillin Resistance Gene Among Bacterial Isolates From Sputum of Pneumonia Patients Attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. - Akortha, E. E.; Aluyi, H. S. A.; Enerrijiofi, K. E. (shiraz e medical journal, 2011)
A total of 160 sputum samples were obtained from pneumonia patients (1 – 30 years) attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. The microorganisms encountered included Streptococcus viridians, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus species. S. viridans was highest in occurrence (51.5%) and Staphylococcus spp. was the least (2.9%). Their antibiotic resistance pattern revealed that streptomycin had the highest activity (94.1%) and gentamycin the least (23.8%). Amoxicillin resistance gene (amxr) was detected in 89 (88.1%) out of the total isolates. When these resistant isolates were subjected to curing using 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 73 (82.0%) lost their resistance genes. An average transfer rate of 53.88% and 33.59% were obtained for intraspecies and intergeneric transfer of amxr gene respectively. Intraspecies gene transfer rate was significantly higher than intergeneric at p<0.001, using the chi – square goodness of fit test for statistical analysis.
openalex: W3022642997 mag: 3022642997
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Prescription Errors Prevalent in Four Units of a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria - Arulogun, Oyedunni; Oluwole, Simon K.; Titiloye, Musibau A. (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
Errors in prescription in medical practice are a source of adverse events that can be prevented. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of prescription errors and predisposing factors in four units (medical out-patient, general out-patient, wards, accident and emergency) of the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Twelve error descriptors developed from literature review were used to review the 1866 prescription sheets randomly selected from the pharmacy points for the year 2006 while 10 in-depth interviews were conducted to identify the predisposing factors. Dispensing practices were also observed for detection and correction of prescription errors. A total of 1424 (76.3%) prescription errors were detected which comprised illegitimacy (52.2%), omission (23.7%), style (18.5%), wrong dose (4.9%) and irrational prescription (0.8%). More of the errors (33.6%) were found among the prescriptions from the wards while only 10% of the errors were detected and corrected during the process of dispensing. The in-depth interviews revealed that workload and non-conducive work environment adversely affected productivity of prescribers and dispensers. Regular in-service training for prescribers and dispensers, equitable distribution of workload and institution of a quality assurance mechanism for monitoring the drug use system in this institution is advocated. Key words: Prescription error, health workers, drugs.
openalex: W2143678798 mag: 2143678798
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Service delivery indicators: Pilot in education and health care in Africa - Bold, Tessa; Svensson, Jakob; Gauthier, Bernard; Mæstad, Ottar; Wane, Waly (CMI Report, 2011)
openalex: W2114765583 mag: 2114765583
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Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Secondary School Science Teachers and Learners in Namibia - Chinsembu, Kazhila C.; Kas, Choshi D.; Shimwooshili-Shaimemanya, Cornelia N. (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
Namibia’s secondary school science teachers and learners are critical to the success of the country’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics renaissance project. However, due to the high prevalence of HIV, there are fears that they may succumb to AIDS. Despite the eminent threats of HIV/AIDS on science education, there are no specific data that speak to the impacts of HIV/AIDS on science teachers and learners. In this cross-sectional study, data on the perceptions of HIV/AIDS impacts were collected from 829 secondary school science learners and 61 science teachers located in 18 schools from six education regions. The results showed that the perceived death of secondary school science teachers due to putative HIV/AIDS illnesses was low. But the perceived mortality of science teachers due to AIDS-related conditions was significantly high in the Kavango and Omusati regions. Science learners perceived to be coping with HIV/AIDS exhibited stress and poor concentration in class. With the advent of free antiretroviral therapy, the study found that the perceptions of HIV/AIDS were in transition from quantitative (mortality) to qualitative (stress) impacts. This finding points to a paradigm shift in our perceptions of HIV/AIDS impacts on education and calls for interventions to manage HIV/AIDS-related stress in schools. Key words: HIV/AIDS impacts, secondary school, science, teachers, learners.
openalex: W2104538881 mag: 2104538881
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Analysis of coital activity, number of sexual partners, and non-use of condoms among High School students in Namibia: Implications for the ABC approach - Chinsembu, Kazhila C.; Kasanda, Choshi D.; Shimwooshili-Shaimemanya, Cornelia N.; Zealand, Donovan (Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 2011)
Understanding sexual risk behaviours is important in monitoring the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS preventive interventions such as the ABC (abstinence, be faithful, and use a condom) approach. This study analysed the sexual activity, numbers of sexual partners, and non-use of condoms among Namibian High School students. A randomised cross-sectional survey was carried out in 18 High Schools located in six educational regions (a directorate headed by a director responsible for all schools in the region). Data were collected from 829 students that completed a structured questionnaire. Analysis of data was done using parametric and non-parametric statistics. The results showed that 16.1% of students had their coital debut at 8 years of age. Students that were male, in rural areas, Kavango region and Kavango ethnic group, and in Grade 9 had significantly lower ages of coital debut. Caprivi region had highest significant proportion of students that were sexually active. Male gender, Herero ethnicity, HIV testing, invincibility to HIV infection, and boyfriend-girlfriend relationships were positively associated with increased sexual activity. Students that were male and from the Damara-Nama, Lozi, and Herero ethnic groups had significantly higher mean numbers of sexual partners. The mean number of times that students did not use condoms was significantly higher in urban areas, Caprivi region, and among students from the Herero ethnic group. Determinants of condom use were also revealed. The findings of this study highlight the need for disaggregated data in order to target specific A, B, and C messages to appropriate sub-groups of Namibian High School students who are at a higher risk of HIV/AIDS infection. Key words: Coitus, sexual partners, condoms, High School students, Namibia, ABC
openalex: W2134545028 mag: 2134545028
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Pre-school children's performance in prediction and hypothesizing: a study of Isinya and Ngong divisions of Kajiado district, Kenya - Githinji, Alice W. (2011)
openalex: W1498507313 mag: 1498507313
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Promoting teacher-teacher collaboration in providing education for learners with learning disability in primary schools in Kasarani Division, Nairobi, Kenya - Kinyua, Joyce Njeri (2011)
openalex: W2562192657 mag: 2562192657
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Evidence for extreme fractionation of peralkaline silicic magmas, the Boseti volcanic complex, Main Ethiopian Rift - Macdonald, Ray; Bagiński, Bogusław; Ronga, Fiorenzo; Dzierżanowski, Piotr; Lustrino, Michele; Marzoli, Andréa; Melluso, Leone (Mineralogy and petrology, 2011)
Matrix glass and melt inclusions in phenocrysts from pantellerite lavas of the Boseti volcanic complex, Ethiopia, record extreme fractionation of peralkaline silicic magma, with Al2O3 contents as low as 2.3 wt.%, FeO* contents up to 17 wt.% and SiO2 contents ~65 wt.%. The new data, and published data for natural and experimental glasses, suggest that the effective minimum composition for peralkaline silicic magmas has ~5 wt.% Al2O3, 13 wt.% FeO* and 66 ± 2 wt.% SiO2. The dominant fractionating assemblage is alkali feldspar + fayalite + hedenbergite + oxides ± quartz. Feldspar – melt relationships indicate that the feldspar is close to the minimum on the albite-orthoclase solid solution loop through the entire crystallization history. There is petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical evidence that magma mixing may have been a common process in the Boseti rhyolites.
openalex: W2110080040 mag: 2110080040
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Pre-School teachers' use of oral instructional strategies in teaching in English : a study in Kasarani division, Nairobi province, Kenya - Mwangi, Margaret Wanjiru (2011)
openalex: W1494431465 mag: 1494431465
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Pan-African - Mediterranean Migrations: Implications for Education and Society* - Napier, Diane Brook (2011)
The purpose of this study was to examine features of the contemporary migrant and refugee flows across Africa northward to the Mediterranean and then to European countries (sometimes called the “new mass migration”), and also migrant flows southward to South Africa. In addition, the purpose was to examine dimensions of response and adaptation in receiving countries, also the interconnections between sendingand receiving countries. In the post-colonial era, a variety of political, economic, and other societal forces combined to generate increased and more frequent flows of people seeking a better life, worldwide. Migrations of Africans are part of this global phenomenon, with manifold implications for source countries in Africa and for receiving countries in Africa and Europe. This consideration of issues is framed in the context of contemporary globalization theory and migration theories including social capital theory and push-pull theory. Implications and challenges for education and society in receiving countries such as France and South Africa, and in African sending countries, are summarized, drawing on contemporary research and debate on the issues in education and other sectors of society and on policy-practice research. Prominent themes in the research literature are highlighted, including language issues, policy responses, demographic shifts and trends, transnational family relationships, labor market issues, and educational ramifications. The impacts of refugee influxes on intermediate destinations such as the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla, and Istanbul are also considered. The study results indicate that PanAfrican – Mediterranean migrations have generated a significant new landscape of interconnectedness across the macro-region and that the challenges and responses in European countries–the target destinations of the northward migrations–have counterparts in South Africa–the south-end target destination for many desperate migrants and refugees. Current recommendations are for multiple levels of response to tackle crucial issues in education and wider society, including in-country improvement of conditions but also joint responsibility between sendingand receiving countries in Africa and across the Mediterranean to Europe. There is a need for more research on the specific experiences of desperate migrants in the macro-region to expand understanding of the full extent of this contemporary migration phenomenon and its ramifications. (Contains 2 maps).
openalex: W207032719 mag: 207032719
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Factors hindering teaching of orientation and mobility to students who are visually impaired in Thika primary school for the visually impaired Kenya - Nasimiyu, Lilian Milimu (2011)
openalex: W958385047 mag: 958385047
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Utilization and impact of online sourcing of information on the academic performance of medical students in a Nigerian university - Oduwole; Adewale, Adebambo; Adetoun, Idowu (International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2011)
This study examines the use of internet facilities by medical students of the Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM) Ikeja. Apart from serving as a learning tool, the sourcing of information through the internet motivates students to undertake research and helps them to develop skills in collecting and analyzing data. A two-part questionnaire was developed and used to elicit the necessary information for the study. Three hundred and five copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the students in the College of Medicine Ikeja, Nigeria, out of which 250 copies were completed, returned and used for the study. This constitutes 81.9% response rate. Findings showed that the medical students have access to internet facilities, although majority of the respondents (46.4%) have access through cybercafes around the campus. On the average, respondents spent at least between 30 min and 1 h accessing the internet on a weekly basis. The study also revealed that medical students consulted the PUBMED database regularly and that access to myriads of online resources through the internet has a positive effect on the academic performance of the respondents. The study recommends increase in the number of computer terminals for accessing internet facility in the College including acquisition of internet ready computers for the College library. Another vital recommendation is the need for an increase in the bandwidth of the hub for the internet connectivity in the College. Key words: Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria, internet use, academic performance, students’ usage, education.
openalex: W2326652403 mag: 2326652403
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Attitudes of regular primary school educators towards inclusive education in Kisumu District-Kenya - Ogalloh, Molly Merrab (2011)
openalex: W1793650203 mag: 1793650203
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Availability and Teachers’ Use of Instructional Materials and Resources in the Implementation of Social Studies in Junior Secondary Schools in Edo State, Nigeria - Okobia, Esther Obiageli (Review of European Studies, 2011)
Social studies is a core subject offered in the junior secondary school educational system.This study is designed to assess the availability and teachers' use of instructional materials and resources in the implementation of junior secondary school social studies curriculum in Edo state.Three research questions were raised and one hypothesis was formulated.A sample of fifty social studies teachers were randomly selected from fifty junior secondary schools in five local government areas of Edo State.Data analysis was carried out using t-test for the hypothesis and simple percentages for questions one and two.The results showed that instructional materials and resources available were grossly inadequate.It was also observed that there was no difference in the use of instructional materials between specialist social studies teachers and non-specialist teachers.It is therefore recommended that instructional materials and resources be made available for the teaching of social studies.
openalex: W2061594587 mag: 2061594587
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Selected factors influencing use of thematic approach by pre-school teachers in Kasarani division, Nairobi province,Kenya - Ong’ang’a, Hudson M. Ouko (2011)
openalex: W1578274098 mag: 1578274098
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Efficacy of free primary education in withdrawing children from child labour in Kiambu District; Kenya - Ringera, Mwebia Japheth (2011)
openalex: W2582137583 mag: 2582137583
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Building regional priorities in forests for development and adaptation to climate change in the Congo Basin - Sonwa, D.J.; Nkem, Johnson; Idinoba, Monica; Bele, Mekou Youssoufa; Jum, C.N. (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2011)
openalex: W2020287500 mag: 2020287500
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Teacher related factors influencing implementation of HIV and AIDS curriculum in secondary schools in Ngong division Kajiado district, Kenya (2001-2004) - Wandera, Carolyne (2011)
openalex: W2271184977 mag: 2271184977
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Sudan maize genotypes using NPKI gene for enhancing drought stress tolerance - Abdalla, Rasha Adam Omer (2011)
Drought is one of the most important abiotic factor affecting maize production worldwide. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer technique has been established as a versatile way of improving important crops for tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors. Through this technique, the drought tolerance gene, NPK1, has been used in the transformation of temperate maize after its isolation and characterization from tobacco. Recovered transgenic events were observed to have enhanced tolerance to water stress. The accelerated adoption of the transformation technique in Africa, and indeed in Sudan, will depend on the ease with which transgenes of agronomic importance can be integrated into appropriate germplasms. This study aimed at screening important Sudanese maize inbred lines and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) for transformability via the integration of the NPK1 gene. Eight inbred lines and three OPVs were evaluated. A188 was used as the standard inbred line check while KAT was used as the local OPV check. Freshly isolated immature embryos of maize were inoculated with Agrobacterium strain EHA 101 harbouring the plasmid pSHX004 in LS infection media for 5 minutes and then co-cultivated on LS cocultivation media for 3 days. Embryos were then transferred to selection media supplemented with 250mg/l cefotaxime and 1.5mg/L bialaphos. After two weeks on this media, calli were subcultured on selection media containing 3.0 mg/L bialaphos for 4 weeks. Bialaphos resistant callus events were then transferred to maturation media supplemented 3mg/L bialaphos for 2 weeks before transferring to shooting media. Shoots were then transferred to rooting media. Plantlets with well-formed root system were transferred from the in vitro environment to green house for hardening. Hardened plantlets were transplanted to soil in the greenhouse and maintained till they set seeds. To confirm the presence of the transgene, PCR analysis was done on putative transgenic plants using the Bar primers. Out of a total of 4401 immature embryos from the 13 genotypes infected, 327 survived selection in bialaphos. Bialaphos resistant calli emerged 3-4 weeks after selection. IL3, IL15, Hudiba-2, IL1, IL38, Hudiba-1, A188 and KAT produced compact calli from their scutella surfaces while IL28, IL42, IL43, Mojtamaa-45 and IL16 established watery nonembryogenic calli. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the genotypes with respect to transformation frequency (TF). IL3 was identified as the most amenable to transformation with a TF of 31.7% and proved to be superior to A188, which recorded a TF of 5.82%. Hudiba-2 was identified as the most transformable OPV with a TF of 8.7% compared to that of 7.3% for KAT. IL1 and Mojatamaa-45 proved to be poor responders to transformation with TFs of 2.5% and 1.7%, respectively. Putative transgenics were recovered from IL3, IL15, Hudiba-2, IL1, IL38, Mojatamaa-45, A188 and KAT. The frequency of regeneration of bialaphos resistant shoots varied from 6.9% for IL38 to 100% for Mojtamaa-45. PCR analysis indicated a 540bp fragment in the DNA extracts from transgenic R₁ plants. Transformation efficiency (TE) was found to depend on the genotype used. The highest TE was observed for IL3 (3.7%), while the lowest TE of 0.0% was observed in IL42 IL43, IL16 and IL28. Various abnormalities were observed in putative transformants including dwarfism, tussel seed and lack of ear. However, plants grew to maturity and were able to establish seeds in spite of these abnormalities. In conclusion, the inbred line IL3 and the OPV Hudiba-2 proved to be the most amenable Sudanese genotypes to A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Future research in maize improvement through biotechnologies such as tissue culture and genetic transformation should be focused on these good responders.
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A Critical Analysis of the Activities of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to Promote Equity and Access in the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for Education in Ghana: 2005-2010 - Akanmori, Harriet (2011)
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Library Research Guides: Albright Institute: Climate Change, Gender, & South Africa - Barbrow, Sarah (2011)
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Awareness and use of online information resources by medical students at Delta State University in Nigeria - Baro, Emmanuel E.; Endouware, Benake‐ebide C.; Ubogu, Janet Onomeh (Library Hi Tech News, 2011)
Purpose This paper aims to present the results of a study which was carried out to find out whether the undergraduate students in the College of Health Sciences in Delta State University are aware of and fully utilize the medical databases and other online information resources within and outside the medical library. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire and interview methods were used to elicit data from the students. Findings The results revealed that majority of the students are not aware and do not use the online information resources such as: MEDLINE, HINARI, CINAHL databases, NUC virtual library as sources of information to retrieve materials related to medical literature. This could be as a result of lack of training for information literacy skills and ineffective user education programmes in the medical libraries and medical schools to equip the medical students with necessary skills to use the medical databases and other online information resources. Problems such as lack of skills to use the online information resources, lack of time, poor user education programmes, and slowness of server were mentioned by the students as some factors militating against the effective use of online information resources. Originality/value The findings will be useful for medical librarians and faculty in highlighting the need to collaborate in integrating information literacy skills into the medical school curricula in developing countries. Paper type Research paper
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Teaching styles and pupil progress: a South African case study. - Dachs, Terence Edward (2011)
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Climate Change, Globalization, and Other “Modern” Issues in Ancient Syria - Frahm, Ellery (2011)
Many topics of archaeological interest have clear relevance today, such as societal responses to environmental changes, social networks, and maintenance of cultural identity among immigrants and ethnic minorities. These issues are not as inextricably linked to “modernity” as they seem, and archaeology offers a way to explore them with time depth. Even increasing regionalization across the Near East during the third millennium BCE may be considered a sort of “ancient globalization.” By investigating how past societies adapted to social stresses, or failed to do so, we may consider societal responses to similar challenges in the modern world. Near Eastern archaeologists and contemporary Syria scholars have much more in common than it may seem initially, and these issues cross-cut the divide between “ancient” and “modern” Syria. Interfaces between past and present offer exciting lines of inquiry in Syrian studies.
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Library Research Guides: Albright Institute: Climate Change, Gender, & South Africa - Hafner, Daria (2011)
openalex: W2994982967 mag: 2994982967
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Impact of Drug and Alcohol Abuse School-based preventive Strategies on Pupils in Livingstone District of Zambia - Masiye, Isaac (2011)
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Mozambique - Technical and Vocational Education and Training : P087347 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 10 - Menezes, Ana Ruth (2011)
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Assessment of Trace Metals Pollution in Auto-Mechanic Workshop in Some Selected Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria - Odoh, Raphael; Agbaji, E. B.; Kagbu, J. A. (International Journal of Chemistry, 2011)
The determination of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils within motor parks in some selected Local Government Areas of Benue state were carried out with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique.The method developed by the United State Environmental Protection Agency for (total sobbed) heavy metals in soils, sediments and sludges was used in the preparation of the soil samples for the determination of total metal content in this study.Generally, the ranges and mean concentrations (µg/g) of metals in auto-mechanical workshop soils were 5.00 -5.93 (5.47 ± 0.29), 2.07 -2.93 (2.44 ± 0.28), 204.33 -273.83(240.29 ± 23.04), 402.00 -486.67 (436.91 ± 35.53), 17.87 -22.23 (19.23 ± 1.02), 513.00 -582.00 (567.52 ± 19.35) and 106.67 -138.33 (119.02 ± 8.77) for Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively.The enrichment factors obtained for Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in auto-mechanical workshops were 19.54, 1.80, 29.63, 3.03, 1.80, 172.50 and 12.45 respectively.The inter-element correlation was found among metals in the soils of auto-mechanical workshops using Pearson's correlation co-efficient.There were positive correlations among the metals determined.Metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn show high degree of contamination, while Co, Mn and Ni shows low degree of contamination in the study sites.
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Bilingualism and Multiculturalism in Greek Education: Investigating Ethnic Language Maintenance among Pupils of Albanian and Egyptian Origin in Athens by N. Gogonas - Spyridakis, Demetrios S. (International Journal of Multicultural Education, 2011)
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Agricultural Researchers’ Awareness of the Causes and Effects of Climate Change in Edo State, Nigeria - Banmeke, Tajudeen Oyekunle Amoo; Fakoya, Olugbenga Emmanuel; Ayanda, Ibrahim Folorunsho (Journal of agricultural science (Toronto), 2011)
The study assessed Agricultural researchers' awareness of the causes and effects of climate change in Edo State, Nigeria.Data for the study were collected from 112 respondents and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings indicated that 45.5% of the respondents were between the ages of 31-50 years with 64.2% having a work experience of 5-10 years.Results revealed that 96.4% and 94.6% of the respondents were aware of gas flaring and oil spillage as causes of climate change.Also, 98.2% and 95.5% of the respondents were aware of increase in temperature and change in rainfall pattern respectively as some of the effects of climate change.There was a significant relationship between information sources and awareness of causes of climate change (r = 0.32; p < 0.05).It was recommended that agricultural researcher should be pragmatic and proactive in the pursuit of issues relating to climate change.
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An investigation of the social identity model of collective action and the ‘sedative’ effect of intergroup contact among Black and White students in South Africa - Çakal, Hüseyin; Hewstone, Miles; Schwär, Gerhard; Heath, Anthony (British journal of social psychology, 2011)
Two studies investigated the role of intergroup contact in predicting collective action tendencies along with three key predictors proposed by the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA; Van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008 ). Study 1 ( N = 488 Black South African students) tested whether social identity would positively, whereas intergroup contact would negatively predict collective action and support for policies benefiting the ingroup. Study 2 ( N = 244 White South African students) predicted whether social identity would positively predict collective action benefiting the ingroup, and intergroup contact would positively predict support for policies to benefit the Black outgroup. Both studies yielded evidence in support of the predictive power of social identity and contact on collective action and policy support. Additionally, Study 1 confirmed that intergroup contact moderated the effects of social identity on relative deprivation, and relative deprivation on collective action. Overall findings support an integration of SIMCA and intergroup contact theory, and provide a fuller understanding of the social psychological processes leading to collective action.
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The role of social learning for soil conservation: the case of Amba Zuria land management, Ethiopia - Dessie, Yinager; Wurzinger, María; Hauser, Michael (International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2011)
Social learning plays key roles in sustainable natural resource management; however, studies on its role show mixed results. Even though most current studies highlight positive outcomes, there are also negative effects of social learning with respect to natural resource management. This paper explores the influence of social learning outcomes on the adoption of soil conservation practices in Amba Zuria, Ethiopia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and in workshops. The interviews were transcribed and analysed with the qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti. In addition, a review of pertinent documents and literature complements the analysis. We found that social learning results in positive outcomes in interactions among the actors, broader understanding on soil conservation, trust and mutual understanding, and the creation of opportunities to apply both indigenous and scientific knowledge. These outcomes, in turn, foster the adoption of stone terraces to conserve soils. No such positive results were found for farmers who were not involved in the learning process and who did not adopt stone terraces. The non-adoption can partly be explained by their exclusion from sharing the positive outcomes of social learning. The study also shows limitations related to the short duration of the learning platforms, insufficient representation of women and irregular patterns of learning schedules. Hence, Ethiopian soil conservation strategies should put emphasis on social learning in order to strengthen the collective processes of soil conservation measures.
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Teaching and learning implications on group experiments and teacher demonstrations of process to teaching of process skills in biology: A case of two Namibian secondary schools - Kandjeo-Marenga, Hedwig U. (Analytical Reports in International Education, 2011)
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Influence of islam on sports participation among muslim students in Kenya public universities - Kweyu, Issah Wabuyabo (2011)
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Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome Education for All - Fast Track Initiative Program : P114824 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 02 - Martins, Geraldo Joao (2011)
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Distribution of Primary School Teachers in Tanzania - Mkwawa, Amina (2011)
Universal Primary Education is one of the development priorities outlined in Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals. In many Sub-Saharan African countries, providing high-quality basic education to the 10-20 percent of primary age children who are still out of school is a serious policy concern. Provision of educational services for these children presents a series of problems, in particular, related to the distribution of teachers in urban and rural schools. This study finds that, there are more female primary school teachers in Ruangwa than male with close to seven out of ten adversely rating teacher recruitment, deployment and training system There is evidence to suggest that a combination of sector specific policies, inadequate salaries, attrition and personal preferences are responsible for inequitable distribution of teachers in Ruangwa, a factor that in turn adversely affects the number of available teachers in relation to pupils. This study recommends that the government devises a good strategy for motivating teachers to accept posts in remote rural areas by use of decentralization by devolution strategy
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Challenges Encountered by the University of Zambia in the implementation of University extension Education: A Case North Western province - Nduna, Mwenya (2011)
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The Costs of Climate Change: A Study of Cholera in Tanzania - Trærup, Sara Lærke Meltofte; Ortiz, Ramón Arigoni; Markandya, Anil (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011)
Increased temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns as a result of climate change are widely recognized to entail potentially serious consequences for human health, including an increased risk of diarrheal diseases. This study integrates historical data on temperature and rainfall with the burden of disease from cholera in Tanzania and uses socioeconomic data to control for the impacts of general development on the risk of cholera. The results show a significant relationship between temperature and the incidence of cholera. For a 1 degree Celsius temperature increase the initial relative risk of cholera increases by 15 to 29 percent. Based on the modeling results, we project the number and costs of additional cases of cholera that can be attributed to climate change by 2030 in Tanzania for a 1 and 2 degree increase in temperatures, respectively. The total costs of cholera attributable to climate change are shown to be in the range of 0.32 to 1.4 percent of GDP in Tanzania 2030. The results provide useful insights into national-level estimates of the implications of climate change on the health sector and offer information which can feed into both national and international debates on financing and planning adaptation.
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Causal Attributions for Failure and the Effect of Gender among Moroccan EFL University Learners - Zohri, Abdelaziz (English language teaching (Toronto), 2011)
This paper reports a study that sought to investigate Moroccan university learners' perceptions of failure.333 subjects studying English at university ranked their perceptions of failure in a Causal Attribution Scale of University Failure (CASUF).The results show that Moroccan learners attribute their failure to teachers' attitude, effort, interest and pressure.Factors like social problems, lack of teachers' help and ability were not important.The study also investigated the link between gender and causal attributions of failure.Overall, male and female students reported similar causes.Still, some gender differences were detected.
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The potential effects of climate change on the status of Seychelles frogs (Anura: Sooglossidae) - Gerlach, Justin (Journal of threatened taxa (Print), 2011)
The status of the Seychelles frogs of the family Sooglossidae was investigated, using monitoring data from 1993-2010, climate data from 1998-2010 and studies of populations and local climate effects.Climate monitoring at each plot covered rainfall and temperature, with leaf wetness and soil moisture being monitored additionally at one site.Analysis of the data and ecological modelling of the distribution identify geographical patterns in climate which explain the present distribution of the different sooglossid species.In addition it identifies a drying trend in the first quarter of the year which corresponds to frog population declines in mid-altitude forests.This is interpreted as evidence of an ongoing deterioration in the suitability of habitats for the frogs, with declines recorded in areas of marginal suitability.By extension it is assumed that currently optimal frog habitat is also undergoing a decline in suitability, due to early year decreases in moisture.Projected changes in climate were used to predict changes in ranges of the sooglossids over the next 90 years.This predicts significant declines, with the possible extinction of the palm frog Sooglossus pipilodryas by 2100.Accordingly all four sooglossid species should be categorised as Endangered, rather than their current status of Vulnerable.Captive assurance colonies have not been successfully established to date.Captive groups have been maintained with a high degree of success but breeding has not been recorded so far.Further work needed for the conservation of the frogs is outlined: development of a reliable method of monitoring the cryptic S. thomasseti and development of captive breeding techniques.
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African-American Parenting Characteristics and Their Association With Children’s Cognitive and Academic School Readiness - Watkins-Lewis, Karen; Hamre, Bridget K. (Journal of African American Studies, 2011)
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Higher Institution Students' Access to Information and Communications Technology in Nigeria: Management Imperatives for Labour Market Preparations. - Akuegwu, B. A.; Anijaobi-Idem, F. N.; Ekanem, Ekpenyong E. (European Journal of Business and Management, 2011)
This study explored higher institution students' access to information and communications technology (ICT) and their labour market preparations in Cross River State of Nigeria. This survey designed study had three hypotheses which guided the investigation. With the use of stratified random sampling technique, 450 students were drawn from students' population in the three higher institutions studied. Data collection was carried out using Students' Access to ICT Inventory (SAII) and Students' Labour Market Preparation Questionnaire (SLMPQ). Population t-test (test of one sample mean), Independent t-test, One way Analysis of Variance and its associated Fisher's LSD Multiple Comparison Test were used to statistically analyze data collected for this study. Results obtained revealed that higher institution students' access to ICT tools is significantly low; higher institution students who have access to ICT tools had better preparations for labour market than their counterparts who have not and there is significant influence of higher institution students level of access to ICT on their labour market preparation. It was therefore recommended that higher institutions in Cross River State should diversify their curriculum to reflect labour market expectations. Key words: Higher institution, students access, information and communications technology, labour market preparations, management.
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Hydrochemical characterization of complex volcanic aquifers in a continental rifted zone: the Middle Awash basin, Ethiopia - Furi, Wakgari; Razack, Moumtaz; Abiye, Tamiru; Kebede, Seifu; Legesse, Dagnachew (Hydrogeology Journal, 2011)
The Middle Awash basin is an arid region in Ethiopia where surface waters are scarce and local communities are dependent on groundwater resources for water supply. The complex hydrogeological system of this basin has been conceptualized. Multivariate statistical analysis of hydrochemical variables and water isotopes were used to study the rock–water interaction, geochemical reaction processes and the hydrological link between aquifers. Groundwaters from aquifers of the high-rainfall plateau bounding the rift are slightly mineralized, as well as depleted in δ18O and δD, and contain 3H above 0.8 TU. This suggests a low degree of rock–water interaction and that groundwater is under recharge from heavy rain that falls on surrounding highlands. On the other hand, groundwaters from aquifers of the rift floor are highly mineralized and show slight enrichment in δ18O and δD with positive oxygen shift, but contain 3H below 0.8 TU. The positive oxygen shift in rift floor groundwaters may be caused by the isotopic exchange of oxygen between groundwater and aquifer materials during rock–water interaction, whereas the low 3H content could be due to the decay of tritium along relatively long flow paths. The approach utilized in this study may be applicable to understanding hydrogeochemical processes in other complex volcanic terrains.
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Third CERN-UNESCO School on Digital Libraries, Dakar, Senegal - Kasioumis, Nikolaos; Marian, Ludmila; Oyetola, Victor (2011)
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Impact of training on employee performance : a case of non-governmental teaching staff in Kenyan public universities - Kosgei, Faith Jerop (2011)
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Knowledge sharing behaviour and demographic variables amongst secondary school teachers in and around Gaborone, Botswana - Mogotsi, Imogen; Boon, Jan; Fletcher, Lizelle (SA Journal of Information Management, 2011)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between knowledge sharing behaviour and the demographic variables gender, age, organisational tenure and professional tenure. Following a correlational survey approach, the study sourced its data from senior secondary school teachers in and around Gaborone, Botswana. Knowledge sharing behaviour was measured using an instrument sourced from the extant literature. No statistically significant relationship was detected between knowledge sharing behaviour and gender, age, or professional tenure. Only organisational tenure weakly negatively correlated with knowledge sharing behaviour. Thus, according to these findings, demographic variables do not appear to be important determinants of knowledge sharing behaviour.
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Prevalence of accidental injuries incurred in high schools in Kieni west division, Nyeri North district, Kenya - Warutere, Peterson (2011)
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University student perceptions of the relationship between university education and the labour market in Egypt and Oman - Al-Harthi, Hamood K. (PROSPECTS, 2011)
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Gender representations in English literature texts in Tanzanian secondary schools - Gwajima, Elizabeth Kilines Sekwiha (2011)
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The extent of the use of information technology in training and development : a survey of banking sector in Kenya - Kamau, Alice Wangui (2011)
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Factors influencing training and development of teachers in Kenya : a case of Teachers Service Commission Secondary School teachers in Chepalungu Constituency - Korir, M. C. (2011)
openalex: W131506657 mag: 131506657
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Employee perception of training at UNICEF Kenya Country Office. - Kuira, Rachel W (2011)
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The use of song and movement to create a multicultural curriculum for early childhood music education in Kenya - Andang'o, Elizabeth J. A. (2011)
A Thesis Submitted In Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music of Kenyatta University
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A Consideration Of IFRS Education And Acceptance From Culturally Diverse Backgrounds: A South African Perspective - Buys, Pieter; Schutte, Danie (International Business & Economics Research Journal, 2011)
Accountancys double-entry bookkeeping system has spread throughout the world over the past 5 centuries. Within each country, local accountants have adopted accountancy practices to suit their unique environment. In the modern global business environment, this uniqueness makes cross-border financial statement comparisons difficult. A key objective of a globally acceptable set of accounting standards (such as IFRS), is to enhance such trans-national comparisons of corporate performances. However, research revealed that the influence of cultural backgrounds is a key contributing factor influencing accounting practices. It is evident that culture is a key concomitant of accounting development, including accounting education. Two globally recognized authors on the importance of culture in the work environment, Hofstede and Gray, developed cultural dimensions to gauge the cultural impact in a business environment. The primary objective of this research was to consider the impact of different cultural backgrounds, as measured by Hofstede and Gray on prospective accountants in South Africa, as an early adopter of IFRS. The results of the study suggest that culture will play an important role in accounting education and acceptance in the culturally diverse South African context.
openalex: W2153183743 mag: 2153183743
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Knowledge of HBV Risks and Hepatitis B Vaccination Status Among Health Care Workers at Khartoum and Omdurman Teaching Hospitals of Khartoum State in Sudan - Gadour, Moh; Abdullah, Amo (Sudan journal of medical sciences, 2011)
HBV infection is notorious and is endemic in Sudan.Health care workers are at particular increased risk for the infection.Their knowledge and acceptance of vaccination against the virus is of at most importance for the control of the disease.Objective: To study the knowledge and vaccination status among health care workers in some central hospitals in Sudan.Methodology: Data from different categories of health workers were collected using structure questionnaire after taking informed consent.Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and T-Test.Results: Around 96.22% of surgeons knew their increased risk for infection, and 71.69% of them knew vaccine prevention.The overall screening for the virus was 32.2%.Only 26.19% of those who received the vaccination had completed the doses.None vaccination due to a none specified cause was the main reason among doctors and nurses.Knowledge about risk and vaccination was very low among cleaning staff and none of them had vaccination.Conclusion: Although knowledge about HBV risk in our health care workers was reasonable -apart from cleaning staff-, the vaccination among them was not satisfactory.Efforts have to be augmented and special care for cleaning staff is mandatory.
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Language at the brink of conflict: micro-language planning in one western Kenyan school - Jones, Jennifer (Language Policy, 2011)
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Health Education Strategy for Kenya - Kei, Robert M. (2011)
Health Education is the cornerstone to Primary Health Care but it is given low priority in National Health Development. In this book, the author explores strategies for promoting Health Education in National Health Education Development. He opines that Health Education should be given adequate support from the Ministry of Health in the areas of resource allocation; health management and training of Health Education Officers. Dr. Kei observes that for effective management of health education services in Kenya, attention should be given to: reorganization of the Division of Health Education; review of training curricula for health workers to include health education; introducing incentives and a scheme of service for Health Education Officers; and setting performance standards. He recommends research into: Health Education concepts, training models, educational materials and program evaluation. In conclusion, the author recommends that the Division of Health Education should be renamed THE DIVISION OF HEALTH PROMOTION - in charge of Health Promotion Officers and activities. This book is resourceful for lecturers, students and staff of the Ministry of Health.
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The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices in Enhancing Employee Performance in Catholic Institutions of Higher Learning in Kenya - Munjuri, Mercy Gacheri (International Journal of Business Administration, 2011)
This study focused on the effect that human resource management (HRM) practices have on employee performance.The study sought to establish the effect of training, performance-related pay, employee empowerment, job-design and job security on employee performance in catholic institutions of higher learning in Kenya.The research design used was descriptive survey research design.The target population was all the support staff of the institution.Stratified random sampling technique was used.Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages.Correlation and regression analysis was done to establish the relationship between various HRM practices and employee performance.Data was presented in form of tables, charts and graphs.Based on the findings, performance-related pay has the greatest impact on increasing employees' level of performance.Training and employee empowerment have also got an effect of increasing employees' level of performance.Job design and job security have got the least impact on performance.
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An examination of university-school partnerships in South Africa - Mutemeri, Judith; Chetty, Rajendra (South African Journal of Education, 2011)
The purpose of the study was to examine university-school partnerships in the process of teacher education. The research question that guided the study was how teacher educators partner with schools in teacher training. A qualitative study was preferred because the aim was to gather information and opinions on how teacher educators trained student teachers as well as to provide a forum for pre-service student teachers to air their views about how they were trained. Twenty- six lecturers and nine student focus groups, purposively sampled, participated in the study. An interview was used for data collection and Holliday’s thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The research revealed that there was a weak partnership between teacher education and schools. The study recommends the creation of third spaces in teacher education which involve an “equal and more dialectical relationship between academic and practitioner knowledge” in support of student teachers’ learning. Keywords: mentors; partnership; practice teaching; skills development; student teacher learning; third spaces
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Factors that influence braille learning in Thika primary school for the blind in central province, Kenya - Mwangi, Sarah Wanjiku (2011)
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Factors contributing to poor performance in mathematics at KCPE among standard eight pupils in primary schools for learners with hearing-impairement in Nyanza Province, Kenya - Owino, Cleopha Owiko (2011)
openalex: W185032484 mag: 185032484
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The international impact of Education research done and published in South Africa - Wolhuter, Charl C. (South African Journal of Education, 2011)
The aim of this article was to determine the international impact of Education research in South Africa, through a citation analysis of articles published in the South African Journal of Education from 2000 to 2010 The citation impact (nationally as well as internationally) was found to be low. The international impact has been particularly poor, both quantitatively (in terms of the number of citations) and qualitatively (in terms of the standing of the publications in which this research does get cited, seen in the context of the hierarchy of scholarly publications). The article shows that certain topics of research in South Africa fail to break through to the international arena at all, such as research on the current restructuring of education in South Africa. Research that was cited most often in international journals dealt with research methodology, creativity and entrepreneurship education, beliefs and perception studies, and language-in-education in South Africa. In conclusion, a number of recommendations are made for raising the international profile of Education research that is done in South Africa and for further research in pursuance of that objective. Keywords: Education research; impact; internationalisation; South African Journal of Education
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Training Music Teachers in Nigerian Colleges of Education - Adeoye, Julius; Daramola, Yomi (2011)
openalex: W2886060183 mag: 2886060183
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Mauritania - Higher education Project : P087180 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 17 - Diallo, Cherif (2011)
openalex: W2915910270 mag: 2915910270
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Evaluation of HIV and AIDs awareness among upper primary school pupils with hearing impairements in Central Province, Kenya - Mwangi, D. Kimani (2011)
openalex: W748352705 mag: 748352705
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Role of policies in collaborative design process for digital libraries within African higher education - Ngimwa, Pauline; Adams, Anne (Library Hi Tech, 2011)
Purpose This paper aims to explore the role of institutional and national policies in the design process of educational digital libraries developed collaboratively with key stakeholders within the African higher education context. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research project based on three case studies of universities in Africa (Uganda, Kenya, Uganda) was carried out; comprising a retrospective review of the design process of ten innovative digital libraries through 38 in‐depth interviews with key design stakeholders. The interviews were conducted between September and December, 2009, while the data were triangulated with observations and documentary evidence from key policies. Findings Institutional and national policies were found to have tremendous impact on the design process of digital libraries as well as on their sustainability. Their absence in the design process was found to stifle innovation. Research limitations/implications This research was limited to the design process of digital libraries in African higher education. The research findings suggest that policy makers are important design gatekeepers and as such digital library designers should actively review relevant national and institutional policies, incorporate the implications of policies into design processes, and help to develop relevant policies. Originality/value The paper provides an understanding of the critical impact policies have with respect to supporting the design of educational digital libraries that are developed collaboratively with stakeholders. The retrospective review of completed digital library design processes carried out offers a different methodological approach for obtaining a high level understanding of the phenomenon under investigation.
openalex: W1998627403 mag: 1998627403
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Cross-Cultural Communication And Dimensions: A Hybrid Analysis Of Horizontal And Vertical Individualist And Collectivist Tendencies Among African American And European American Management Students - Okoro, Ephraim; Cardon, Peter W.; Marshall, Bryan; Thomas, Otis (Journal of diversity management, 2011)
This article describes research about horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism (HVIC) among African American and European American university students. The survey is based on the work of Harry Triandis (1995), one of the seminal researchers of individualism and collectivism (I-C). The survey of attitude and scenario items, developed by Harry Triandis (1995), was administered to undergraduate management students in three universities in the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Many of the attitude and scenario survey items directly address preferred communication patterns. The findings are also interpreted in terms of situational preferences about I-C, including the following contexts: social events, workplace decisions, and group and work dynamics. The research is unique in that it measures four types of the I-C dimension: horizontal individualism, vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, and vertical collectivism, as conceptualized by Triandis (1995). Furthermore, it emerges from the premise that cultures are neither strictly collectivist nor individualist; rather, cultures have profiles in which individualist tendencies are prominent in some circumstances whereas collectivist tendencies are emphasized in others. Also, this article provides findings that can easily be converted into training about cross-cultural similarities and differences. Related recommendations for future research and implications for teaching are provided.
openalex: W2175907413 mag: 2175907413
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Education and Politics: A Comparative Inquiry of the Fatimids and the Ayyūbids in Middle age Egypt - Ramdane, Tahraoui (2011)
Education is the key to people’s minds, because it directs their inclinations and preferences, to the extent that the one who controls education can actually control people. This study is associated with this spectrum as it will investigate the relationship between education and politics and identify the double role of education as a politicising and a politicised factor in the two consecutive eras of the Fatimids and the Ayyūbids in Egypt. The researcher selected the Fatimid and Ayyūbid periods in Egypt as a focus for his investigation because these two periods constituted the most important episodes in Islamic history, where education and politics influenced each other. The impact of that influence was clear through the course and the sequence of the historical events in those two stages. This research is an attempt to open a small window on the great legacy of Islamic educational thought in the Middle-ages, which could contribute to the efforts of reviving the Islamic educational heritage. The research tried to lay foundations for a solid intellectual platform that aims to create a modern Islamic system of education that it is comprehensive, responsive to our current needs. To serve the purpose of this research, a causal assessment method has been utilized in order to analyze the educational and political experience of the Fatimid and Ayyūbid states on one hand, and to avoid the simplistic description which does not add any substantial information on the other hand. The study also tried to address all aspects which reflect the relationship of education with politics, through the analysis of the historical and religious circumstances that led to the establishment of the Fatimid then Ayyūbid states, with special focus on the analysis of the educational practices prevailing at the time. The study highlights the special attention that the rulers in both periods accorded to learning and learners, and it tries to reveal the political and religious motives of that patronage. In the end, the study concludes that despite the existing political and religious affiliations of each regime, formal and informal institutions of education in both periods were arenas in which power and politics received fundamental expression. This does not necessarily mean that the politicization of education during those two phases have restricted the thought and prevented it from flourishing. On the contrary, learning was accessible for all and absolutely free in both periods. Students received stipends provided by abundant income from a chain of a deeply embedded institution in the thoughts and practices of medieval Islamic societies called waqf. The religious motive was fundamental in the functioning of Islamic medieval educational process and the ultimate role of education in both, Fatimid and Ayyūbid periods was the preservation of the Islamic faith and sharī’ah. This is the spirit that should be motivating any contemporary Islamic educational project.
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Third grade African American students' views of the nature of science - Walls, Leon (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2011)
Abstract This study examined the nature of science (NOS) views of lower elementary grade level students, including their views of scientists. Participants were 23 third‐grade African American students from two Midwest urban settings. A multiple instrument approach using an open‐ended questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews, a modified version of the traditional Draw‐A‐Scientist Test ( DAST ), and a simple photo eliciting activity, was employed. The study sought to capture not only the students' views of science and scientists, but also their views of themselves as users and producers of science. The findings suggest that the young African American children in this study hold very distinct and often unique views of what science is and how it operates. Included are traditional stereotypical views of scientists consistent with previous research. Additionally, participants expressed excitement and self‐efficacy in describing their own relationship with science, in and outside of their formal classrooms. Implications for teaching and learning NOS as it relates to young children and children of color are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 1–37, 2012
openalex: W2093336281 mag: 2093336281
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A Study of Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance at the Senior School Certificate Examinations and Implications for Educational Planning and Policy in Nigeria - Adepoju, TL; Oluchukwu, EE (African Research Review, 2011)
This study assessed and investigated the academic performance of secondary school students in two principal subjects (English Language and Mathematics) at the Senior School Certificate Examinations (SSCE) in ten secondary schools typical of urban and rural locations in five randomisedLocal Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria between 2005 and 2007.The study employed a descriptive survey research design.An instrument titled: Students' Academic Performance in English Language and Mathematics Questionnaire (SAPEMQ) was used to collect relevant data for the study.The ten secondary schools involved were selected based on simple random Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.infosampling technique and the statistical tools employed to analyse the data collected were percentages, means scores and multiple regression (backward procedure).Four research questions and one null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.The result among other things revealed that, there was a marked difference in the performance of students in urban and rural schools at the SSCE with impressive means scores obtained in urban schools (Urban = 69.8,54.4 and 60.2 in 2005(Urban = 69.8,54.4 and 60.2 in , 2006(Urban = 69.8,54.4 and 60.2 in and 2007 respectively; respectively; Rural = 36.4,24.9 and 23.8 in 2005 Rural = 36.4,24.9 and 23.8 in , 2006 Rural = 36.4,24.9 and 23.8 in and 2007 respectively) respectively).The implications of the findings for educational planning and policy in Nigeria were discussed.
openalex: W2094355941 mag: 2094355941
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Social Workers' Role in the Disproportionality of African American Students in Special Education - Bean, Kristen F. (Advances in social work, 2011)
There is an overrepresentation of African American students in special education. Research on this phenomenon has primarily focused on educators within schools. School social workers are in unique positions to impact the disproportionality. Patricia Collins’ Domains-of-Power Framework is used to demonstrate how school social workers can practice transformational resistance to eliminate the overrepresentation of African American students in special education. School social workers should: 1) attend IEP meetings and conduct home visits and biopsychosocial evaluations with students who are being assessed for special education services, 2) offer to evaluate and conduct home visits with students whom teachers deem to be “at-risk” to prevent inappropriate assessments for special education, 3) create a school culture of acceptance of difference, and 4) ask themselves how they individually foster racial domination or emancipation in their daily actions.
openalex: W1918583726 mag: 1918583726
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Seroprevalence of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection among Primary school Children In Northern Nigeria - Bugaje, MA; Yusuf, Harmas Yazid; Abdulkadir, Ibrahim; Ahmed, AA (Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2011)
Seroprevalence of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection among Primary school Children In Northern Nigeriaimmunoglobulin G (IgG) using the Automation ELISA IgG Kit manufactured by Automation INC.U S A .D a t a o b t a i n e d w e r e summarized using percentages and frequency tables.Results were analyzed using Epi-info version 3.0.Three hundred and fifty three pupils were recruited for the study.The overall prevalence rate for VZV infection was 66.3% with the value in males being 68.5% and in females 63.9%.The prevalence of VZV infection increased with age in both sexes.A high percentage of children (60%) were seropositive at 4-6 years.The study shows a 66.3% prevalence of VZV infection among children in Kaduna State.T h i s h i g h p r e v a l e n c e r a t e necessitates further studies to establish the burden of the problem in Nigeria and rationalize the institution of preventive measures against the infection, particularly i m m u n o c o m p r o m i s e d y o u n g children.
openalex: W2064015689 mag: 2064015689
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Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana - Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (Journal of Sustainable Development, 2011)
This study assessed the quality of the Aboabo River and examined the anthropogenic factors that lead to river pollution.Physico-chemical and bacteriological assessment of water samples showed that water from the Aboabo river was polluted and therefore not suitable for domestic consumption.Observation, in-depth interviews, informal conversation and a cross-sectional survey of 396 households in the river basin were employed to elicit qualitative and quantitative data.Direct anthropogenic factors identified were indiscriminate dumping of refuse, channelling of raw sewage, open defecation and indiscriminate dumping of industrial waste into the Aboabo River.Remote factors identified were population growth and institutional challenges.Recommendations made include enforcement of by-laws, provision of adequate sanitation facilities and the encouragement of opinion leaders to play an active role in promoting the inculcation of environmentally friendly practices amongst residents.
openalex: W2135165839 mag: 2135165839
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Constraints facing the teaching of adapted physical education in Joytown secondary school for the physically handicapped, Thika District, Kenya - Gichia, Patrick Njau (2011)
openalex: W1480578922 mag: 1480578922
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Use of Internet and Electronic Resources amongst Postgraduate Students of a Nigerian Private University - Komolafe-Opadeji, Helen (Information Technologist (The), 2011)
A Nigerian private university is newly venturing into p ostgraduate study programs and has an enrolled postgraduate student population of about a hundred. This study evaluates the postgraduate students’ use of library; their information format preference, internet access and electronic resources used in their various research activities. Data collected fr om 48 postgraduate stude nts using structured questionnaire, and was analyzed using frequency, percentage, bar chart and pie chart. Findings indicate that the study group has regular access to the internet , and preferred using free online resources from Google and Wikipedia to institutionally subscribed academic online resources in databases such as HINARI, EBSCO Host, Questia , JSTOR and High Beam.This shows that technology alone cannot help bring about the required changes in provision of information to users. Users’ attitude and practices need to change while a cademic library policies need to include users’ training on information searching skills and aggressive marketing of library resources to users.Key Words: Electronic, Resources, Internet, Access, Library, Use, Postgraduate, Students, Private, University, Nigeria.
openalex: W1984529791 mag: 1984529791
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Teachers Use Of Information And Communication Technologies (Icts) In Teaching And Learning In Owerri Municipal Council Of Imo State, Nigeria - Mbagwu, Francisca; Opara, GC (Information Technologist (The), 2011)
The introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the secondary school system facilitates the process of teaching and learning. The objective of this study was to identify the availability and use of ICTs by teachers in the Owerri Municipal Council area. Nine secondary schools were purposively selected. The descriptive survey research design was adopted using questionnaire, interview and observation checklist as data collection methods. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 288 respondents drawn from a population of 853 teachers in Owerri Municipal Council. The data collected were analysed using tables and simple percentages. Findings revealed that availability of ICTs in Imo state secondary schools is still at infancy stage and its use in teaching and learning has not been fully implemented in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Besides, the secondary school teachers in these schools have inadequate ICT skill. The major challenges to the use of ICTs were also identified. Recommendations to ameliorate these challenges were also proffered.Key Words: Secondary, education, ICT, Teaching, Learning, teachers, Owerri
openalex: W2006198969 mag: 2006198969
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An assesment of training and safety needs of motorcyclists in Kenya - Minju, Elvis Maina (2011)
A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (Corporate Management)of the School of Business KCA University
openalex: W2521161811 mag: 2521161811
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Socio-cultural perceptions of teachers and parents on inclusive education in four selected special and intergrated schools in Kenya - Mundi, Scolastica Nkinga (2011)
openalex: W2123202846 mag: 2123202846
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Relatioship between home environment, academic achievement motivation and performance for pupils with hearing impairement in central province, Kenya - Mwangi, Lucy Wanjira (2011)
openalex: W2580082683 mag: 2580082683
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The Effect of Inter-tribal Post Election Violence Conflict Trauma on Academic Performance among Secondary School Students in Mt. Elgon District, Kenya - Nasongo, B. M; Muola, James Muthee (African Research Review, 2011)
Inter-tribal conflict in Kenya has persisted for a long time and intensifies during elections.The inter-tribal conflict in 2007-2008 in Mt.Elgon District was apparently over land dispute between the Soy and Ndorobo clans of the Sabaot tribe.This research aimed at establishing the effect of trauma as a result of inter-ethnic conflicts on academic performance among secondary school students in Mt Elgon District, Kenya.The ex-post facto research design was used.Two questionnaires, one for students and another one for teacher-counsellors were used to collect data.The sample of study comprised of 90 randomly selected students and six teacher-counsellors from six purposively sampled schools from a population of 22 secondary schools.Five (83%) out of the six sampled schools registered a negative performance Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.infoindex in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination (KCSE) for the year 2008.In addition, 98% of the respondents recorded a negative performance index in their internal examination results.More girls (70%) registered a negative drop than boys (32%).The findings showed that 70 (78%) of the student-respondents sought counseling services while 20 (22%) did not.It was recommended that trauma counseling should be entrenched in the school system.
openalex: W1968301857 mag: 1968301857
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Scientific and Technological Skills Acquisition at the Primary School Level as a Strategy to Mitigating the Challenges of Vision 2020 in Nigeria - Nbina, JB (African Research Review, 2011)
Primary science is the foundation on which subsequent science teaching and learning at the secondary and tertiary levels of education is built.The low number of graduates in science and technology from the higher institution that are independent, or self reliant shows that there is low or no skills teaching in science and technology, which have generated a lot of concern .theworld is continuously being reduced to a global village due to science and technology.There is therefore need to mobilize as many pupils as possible and the teacher as well to learn and teach science skills.This paper therefore highlights the interest and different skills which are imperative for pupils in science and technology.It discusses strategies for skills acquisition, how to demonstrate such skills, how to motivate learners to acquire science and technological skills, and how to help learners practice the new skills acquired.Recommendations are given on how the primary school teacher can get involved in the crusade that skill is imperative for pupils in science and technology.
openalex: W2064833727 mag: 2064833727
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Relative Effects of School Location, Class Levels and Gender on Reading Needs of Secondary School Students in Nigeria - Ofodu, GO (African Research Review, 2011)
This paper identified the effects of school location, gender and class levels on secondary school students reading needs.The research instrument used was a self-designed questionnaire.Four hypotheses were formulated and tested using t-test and Analysis of Covariance at 0.05 levels of significance.The findings revealed that that there was no significant difference between male and female and reading needs.There is a significant difference between urban and rural schools and the reading needs of learners.There was a significant difference between class levels and the reading needs of learners.Based on these results and conclusion, appropriate recommendations were made.
openalex: W2082693642 mag: 2082693642
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Assessment of knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors towards HIV/AIDS and other sexual transmitted infection among preparatory students of Gondar town, north west Ethiopia - Shiferaw, Yitayal; Alemu, Agersew; Girma, Amanuel; Getahun, Afera; Kassa, A. Belay; Gashaw, Alemayehu; Alemu, Abebe; Teklu, Takele; Gelaw, Baye (BMC research notes, 2011)
The first case of HIV in Ethiopia was reported in 1984. Since then, HIV/AIDS has become a major public health concern in the country, leading the Government of Ethiopia to declare a public health emergency in 2002. Although the epidemic is currently stable, HIV/AIDS remains a major development challenge for Ethiopia. The spread of HIV in any community is in part determined by the knowledge of attitude towards sexuality of its members and by their actual sexual practices. The aim of the study was to assess students' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS and STDs in Gondar, North West Ethiopia.A cross sectional study was conducted between February 1 to March 1, 2009 in preparatory high school students. Pre-tested questioner was used to generate the data and analysis was made by SPSS version 15. Chi -square value was calculated and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.All the students had heard about AIDS before the interview. Knowledge on some aspect of the disease was quite low in the study group. Only half of the students knew that at present, AIDs is incurable and that HIV infection can be acquired through sexual contact with a 'familiar' person. Knowledge about STI was also quite low, 39% knew that pus in the urine is a symptom of STI and 45.4% knew that acquisition of other STIs is increases the chance of HIV transmission following unsafe sex with known cases. 25% of the study group had previous sexual intercourse and exposed at least one risk behavior. About 34% of the respondents had negative attitude towards AIDS and STDs.Awareness about STDs and methods of prevention of HIV and STDs was low. More risk behavior was observed in male and those with alcohol and drugs of abuse.
openalex: W2019631217 mag: 2019631217
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Uganda - Post Primary Education and Training Program : P110803 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 05 - Brar, Sukhdeep (2011)
openalex: W2918023815 mag: 2918023815
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Gambia, The - Third Education Project - Phase II : P077903 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 10 - Lahire, Nathalie (2011)
openalex: W2115910706 mag: 2115910706
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Mozambique - Higher Education Science and Technology : P111592 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 03 - Menezes, Ana Ruth (2011)
openalex: W2916442429 mag: 2916442429
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Enhancing competitiveness and enterprise development needs through entrepreneurial skills training for SMEs in the South African Motor Body Repair sector - Muyengwa, Goodwell; Battle, Kimberly; Mbohwa, Charles (2011)
openalex: W1908202189 mag: 1908202189
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Higher education as an emerging strategy for actualising the vision 2020 of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) - Biao, Idowu (Educational Research Review, 2011)
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has just rolled out a document spelling out five major social, economic and environmental goals it wishes to achieve by 2020. These goals are lofty indeed but they can be achieved only with reliance on not only an enlightened citizenry but on 40% of the population that should have received university training. Consequently, university education within the sub-region is to be reappraised with the view to positioning West Africa for the actualisation of the vision. The task of revitalising university education within the countries making up ECOWAS will no more be a difficult one because, the World Bank and major development partners in the world, having discouraged for many years African leaders from embarking on a development of a higher education structure, have just affirmed their commitment to helping Africa develop a virile and relevant higher education system. Although Africa and West Africa have now been assured of the support of international development partners, finance and cost of university education would still remain a challenge for some time to come; four ways of minimising the effects of this financial challenge on the actualisation of ECOWAS vision 2020 should come through 1.) the acceptance of international development partners to supply ECOWAS countries with initial technological infrastructure that will reduce university education cost 2.) The development of a strong distance education network 3.) raising the number of teaching contact periods per academic staff and 4.) through exploiting all available cheap sources of electric energy for the purpose of ensuring steady and expanding supply of this energy. Key words: Higher education, university education, ECOWAS vision 2020, actualisation strategy.
openalex: W2115676431 mag: 2115676431
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Bank Capitalization and Economic Crisis: What Lessons can Nigeria Learn? - Akhalumeh, Paul (Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2011)
This study examines the adequacy of bank capitalization in Nigeria. This, is hoped will lead to an insight into the sector so as to provide appropriate guidance for the system. The banks in Europe and U.S are currently going through some forms of financial turbulence, and so many of them have had their credit ratings downgraded by rating institutions. Central to their problems is capital inadequacy. These bankingÂ crises are negatively impacting the economies and could more seriously impactÂ economies like Nigeriaâ€™sÂ because we do not have as strong institutions as do these more organized economies. The study uses secondary data to analyze capital adequacy in Nigerian banks. The results of the study show that the covering of depositors in the banks by equity capital is grossly inadequate suggesting that in the event of a major banking crisis, the banks will not be able to survive, which is ominous for the overall economy. It is therefore recommended that: the capitalization standards be raised for the banks; that capitalization be made a function of levels of activities; and that regulators should insist on higher standards of corporate governance in the banks particularly those principles touching on transparency and accountability. Key words: bank capitalization, liquidity, credit crisis, economic crisis, risk management
openalex: W2145801400 mag: 2145801400
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A Conceptual Analysis of School Sports Development in Nigeria - Aluko, K; Adodo, SM (African research review, 2011)
This research was undertaken to examine school sports development in Nigeria.Specifically, education and sports policies as it relates to school sports policies and implementations of these policies in Primary and Secondary schools.The paper noted that the concept of school sports as currently being used and practiced is schools is at variance with what organised and administered school sports should be.To achieve this status, qualified personnel, standardised sports
openalex: W2091764609 mag: 2091764609
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Towards a Model of E-Learning in Nigerian Higher Institutions: An Evolutionary Software Modelling Approach - Ayanda, Dauda; Eludiora, Safiriyu; Amassoma, Ditimi; Ashiru, Mohammed (Information and Knowledge Management, 2011)
This paper presents an ongoing study on the development of an e-learning scheme in a particular higher institution in Nigeria. E-learning is an evolving technology that has become a new paradigm for delivering online and distance learning programmes to users. However, the strength of recent e-learning systems lies in the emergence of Web 2.0 tools which have influenced e-learning systems in terms of pedagogy and delivery. We introduce an evolutionary software modelling in developing an e-learning platform. The paper argues that rather than developing a model with distinct phases and components that make it difficult to respond to changing users requirements, the development should be broken down into increments with required users' priority for later increments. This approach further increase efficiency and flexibility of the development as well as quality and reusability of the results. We conclude that if the scheme is fully integrated, limitations of the traditional system of learning will be eradicated in the institution of our case study and other institutions interested in adopting the scheme. Keywords: E-learning, Evolutionary modelling, Polytechnics education, Web tools
openalex: W2114961562 mag: 2114961562
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Lost in transition: the barriers to educational access for school-age Zimbabwe migrant children in South Africa and the influences of institutional and social networks on overcoming them - Buckland, Stephanie (2011)
This thesis aims to deepen our understanding of the barriers that migrant children face in accessing quality education in their host country. It has identified gaps in the research on education of cross-border migrant children in a setting which promotes integration into the host community, and which does not use camps. The research is based in a small border town in northern South Africa and focuses on the recent influx of Zimbabwean migrants into South Africa as a result of political crisis and economic collapse in their homeland. This community was chosen because it is believed to be illustrative of the broader problems faced by cross-border migrant children. The thesis is structured around three central questions, focusing on (i) understanding who these migrant children are and their reasons for migration, (ii) the barriers they face in accessing quality basic education and (iii) the social and institutional networks that influence these children and the role the networks play in overcoming these barriers. The research examines the role of the state and the international community in the provision of support for this marginalised group. It further assesses the influence of social and institutional networks on migrants and the tactics they employ to overcome the barriers to educational success. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods, with the majority of data collected through an in-depth survey of 100 migrant children, between the ages of 6 and 17, and 35 parent/guardians. In addition, focus group discussions with teachers and interviews with 12 school principals were conducted. The views of members of the local Municipality involved with migrant children were also sought. The literature review revealed that, while there has been some research on barriers to education in camp settings, there is very limited research on educational access for migrant children integrating into host communities. This study has been able to contribute to this thin body of knowledge by demonstrating that as well as facing the traditional educational access barriers (lack of infrastructure, educational costs, enrolment requirements and social exclusion), integrating migrant children are faced with additional access barriers largely linked to their legal status (civil status, residence, status of guardians). The research identified the difficulties of obtaining the necessary legal status and some important shortcomings of the current migrant classification system. Getting the right documentation to obtain legal status often placed unreasonable burdens on the children and forced them into a catch 22 situation where they needed to return to their homeland to procure documents required for admission to school but doing so automatically invalidated the claims to refugee status. This particular study also highlighted the difficulty in classifying migrants who have fled from a country (Zimbabwe) that is not officially recognised as a conflict zone despite the characteristics of the Zimbabwean migrant situation being largely indistinguishable from classical conflict driven migration. The thesis concludes by recommending steps to change the definition and typology of migrants and points to the policy changes, with regard to support of migrant children that are required. The definitions should be changed to cater for the individual needs of the children so that legal and bureaucratic requirements do not present such an impediment to education. The thesis identified the large role of both the social and institutional networks of the migrant children in overcoming access barriers. This points to an area of valuable further research, which could provide a foundation for better policy development and implementation strategies that recognise the social and institutional dynamics that influence the decisions and choices made by migrant children and their parents.
openalex: W151806265 mag: 151806265
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Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Success of Secondary School Principals in Rivers State, Nigeria - Ekeh, PU; Oladayo, OT (African Research Review, 2011)
This is an expost facto research designed to determine the influence of emotional intelligence on leadership success of secondary school principals in Rivers State of Nigeria.The population consisted 441 principals (243 in public and 198 in private) secondary schools in Rivers State.A sample of 208 principals drawn through simple random sampling technique (balloting) was used.Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study.The instruments used for data collection were Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) with a Cronbach alpha reliability co-efficient score of 0.89 by
openalex: W2058467994 mag: 2058467994
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A Survey of Teachers’ and Students’ Perception of Sexual Harassment in Tertiary Institutions of Edo State, Nigeria - Imonikhe, Justina S.; Idogho, Philipa O.; Aluede, Oyaziwo (African Research Review, 2011)
The study examined how teachers and students of tertiary institutions perceived sexual harassment.The design of the study was descriptive (survey) research.The sample of the study consisted of two hundred lecturers and 200 students of tertiary institutions in Edo state.A questionnaire, entitled Lecturers' and Students' Perceptions of Sexual Harassment Scale was used to gather data for the study.The results indicated that majority of the respondents agreed that sexual harassment is prevalent in schools and that sexual harassment impacts negatively on the academic performance of victims.Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that tertiary institutions should provide the framework where teachers and students can dialogue on issues bothering on students ' and lecturers' relationships
openalex: W2154686421 mag: 2154686421
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Infection prevention training of trained birth attendants and nurse supervisors in primary health centres in rural Cameroon - Kakute, Nwenfu Peter; Meyer, Dorothy J; Gobte, Nkwan Jacob (International Journal of Infection Control, 2011)
openalex: W4255311341
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Occupational noise explore and hearing loss in workers from selected industrial plants in Nairobi Province, Kenya - Muiruri, Simon Mwangi (2011)
openalex: W2577004480 mag: 2577004480
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The Effect of Academic Advising on Academic Performance of University Students in Kenyan Universities - Muola, James M.; Maithya, Redempta; Mwinzi, A. M. (African research review, 2011)
Although academic advising in Kenyan universities exists, no research has been done to find out how it impacts on students' educational and career goals.This research aimed at establishing the effect of academic advising on academic performance and the influence of year of study and gender on students' tendency to seek academic advising.The ex-post facto research design was used.A questionnaire was used to collect data.A random sample Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info of 187 (53, 41 and 93 first, second and third year students respectively.)participated in the study.Purposive sampling was used to select Laikipia University College of Egerton University which is one of the seven public universities in Kenya.No significant relationship (r = 0.099) was found between academic advising and academic performance.The findings showed that, first (21%) and second (27%) year students are more likely to seek academic advising than third year students (4%).An equal and low percentage (14%) of male and female students sought academic assistance from their academic mentors.The findings were attributed to the low percentage (11%) of students seeking academic advising and students' needs at different years of study irrespective of gender.It was recommended that academic advising should actively involve more students.
openalex: W2061301926 mag: 2061301926
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Work Environment and Productivity among Primary School Teachers in Nigeria - Nakpodia, E. D. (African Research Review, 2011)
This paper examined the influence of work environment on teachers' productivity in Primary schools in Nigeria.Since primary education is the starting point for the citizen's general development and also the basic foundation for subsequent levels of education, a lot is expected from the teacher.Every education system depends heavily on the quality and productivity of its teachers for improving and maintaining standards and quality.This paper tried to identify and establish the relationship between work environment and the Nigeria primary school teachers' productivity.Recommendations were made for the improvement of the work environment of Nigeria primary school teachers to greater productivity towards the attainment of the objectives of primary education.
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Curbing Electoral Violence in Nigeria: The Imperative of Political Education - Obakhedo, NO (African research review, 2011)
Both domestic and international political sociologists based on empirical investigations argue that the greatest obstacle to democratic consolidation in Nigeria is electoral violence.This is as a result of the rascal politics that the political elites engage in.Sometimes, the violence is intra-party, and most of the time, it is inter-party.Apart from that the fact that this phenomenon affects the credibility of the electoral system, the democratic system and the rule of law, the nature, extent and magnitude of violence and rigging associated with elections in Nigeria had assumed alarming proportions that necessitates intellectual excursion to the realm of possible solutions.Education has been discovered to be a major strategy and weapon to curbing this democratic impediment.To this end, this paper examines the imperative of political education in curbing this ugly trend if the nation is to enthrone enduring and sustainable democratic order that would be a delight to behold.
openalex: W2012659232 mag: 2012659232
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Evaluation of Value System and Its Effects on Nigeria Education: A Philosophical Approach - Osaat, S D; Omordu, Chidi (African Research Review, 2011)
This study concentrates on the evaluation of value system in Nigeria and its effect on education, using the philosophical approach.It employed the logical inference and ideal statements.The work was guided by four axiological questions: (a) Are values extrinsic or intrinsic?(b) Are values subjective or objective?(c)Are values relative or absolute?and (d) Is there hierarchy of values?.In order to answer the above questions raised, the various theories of moral values were therefore explained.Furthermore, the value situation in the Nigerian society and its effect on education were vividly x-rayed.Finally, the writer focuses on the Renewed Hope for the Nigerian Education.It is the writers' opinion that values are standards of conduct, efficiency or worth that the society endorses, maintains and transmits to future generation.The failure of the Nigerian education subsector is to a large extent caused by the subjectivity and relativity in which values are treated in the country.No society in the author's view can achieve its target if its values are left at the mercy of the individual's situation, circumstance and time.
openalex: W2003269336 mag: 2003269336
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Availability and Use of ICT in South-Western Nigeria Colleges of Education - Tella, Adeyinka (African Research Review, 2011)
This paper investigated the level of availability and use of ICT in someSouth-western Nigeria Colleges of Education. The study revealed low levelof usage of ICT gadgets and non-availability of some ICT equipments. Thedata for the study were gathered through a two page questionnaireadministered to 200 respondents who were accessible in the School ofEducation in all the Colleges of Education in the South-Western part ofNigeria. In total, 180 questionnaires were retrieved which represents 90%return rate. At the same time, the data were analyzed quantitatively usingSPSS. The results of the survey on College of Education staff on the level ofavailability, use of and perception of the impact of ICT on teacher educationin Nigeria revealed and suggested a low level of usage of ICT gadgets; nonavailability of ICT equipment and that the respondents were disgruntled with the sluggish use and integration of ICT.
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The Challenges of Teaching and Learning Sociology of Religion in Nigeria - Uche, Ooc (African Research Review, 2011)
The teaching and learning of Sociology of Religion in Nigeria face some grave challenges.As an academic discipline in religious studies, many who teach this specialized discipline are not experts.This makes Sociology of Religion anybody's game which does not promote sound scholarship, creativity and intellectual stimulation in the teaching and learning of the discipline.Similarly, the study of the whole society from the perspective of religion calls for a disciplined study, comparable knowledge and systematic relationships between the various groups and their effects on institutions in Nigeria.It is the purpose of this paper to identify the challenges, analyze them and suggest functional ways of re-positioning and improving the teaching and learning of Sociology of Religion.The practical involvement of religion in societal functions is open to the complementary role of primary and sociological approaches.Sociology of Religion has a clear scope, scientific methodology and identifiable challenges such as lack of specialists, basic texts, instructional materials, and funds.However, proper training, registration and membership of the proposed National Association of Sociologists of Religion (NASOR), floating and subscribing to the Journal of Sociology of Religion and dialogue are brief statements of recommendation
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War, Drought, Malnutrition, Measles — A Report from Somalia - Cabrol, Jean-Clément (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2011)
Somalia has been in the grips of disaster for two decades. Throughout this past summer, the human catastrophe dramatically worsened. Severe malnutrition and measles are rampant among Somali refugees in Kenya and Ethiopia and internally displaced people within Somalia.
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ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY AND DROUGHT PROBABILITY IN SOUTHERN REGION, ETHIOPIA - Gebremichael, Abiy (2011)
ABSTRACT Agricultural productivity could be adversely affected by high variability of rainfall and its extreme conditions because it governs the crop yields and determines the choice of the crops to be grown. Therefore, there is a need to assess the seasonal rainfall variability and drought probability in selected areas of Southern Nations Nationalities and People Regional State. Instat software version 3.36 was used to analyze the onset, end date, the length of growing Period (LGP), and the dry spell lengths variability. Trend test was made by Mann-Kendall, Spearman test and least square regression methods. Homogenous rainfall variability areas were also identified by Principal Component Analysis with varimax rotation. Similarly, Standard Precipitation and Drought Proneness Indices were used to asses seasonal and dekadal drought respectively. The result shows that, the annual rainfall in the region varied from slightly over 780 mm in Billate station to more than 2110 mm in Gerese station with mean, SD and CV as 1200 mm, 197 mm and 25% respectively. kiremt rainfall varied from 157 mm in Konso to 844 mm in Welkite with mean, SD and CV as 506 mm, 202 mm and 39% respectively. Similarly, the belg seasonal rain varied from 863 mm in Gerese to 246mm in Bue with mean, SD and CV of 409mm, 121mm and 30% respectively. CV of 15%-64% for kiremt, 17%-52% for belg and 12%- 46% for annual were observed. For Kiremt season, CV greater than 30% was observed in 18 stations; between 20-30% in 10 stations and below 20% for 5 stations. The mean onset, end and LGP were found to be at April 01, Oct. 06, and 187 days for Hosaina area; April 26, Oct. 16 and 172 days for Welkite area and at March 24, May 25 and 62 days for Gato area respectively. In addition, two homogenous areas of coherent rainfall variability, in terms of each belg and kiremt seasons were obtained. The 10 day long dry spell has probability of occurrence below 40% after March 20 and April 20 in Hosaina and Welkite respectively so that sowing crops could be shifted accordingly. Similarly, at Gato area, the probability of dry period of 10 days was below 60% after 1st dekad of March and had dropped to below 20% in April then progressing to increase to 35% in May. A non significant decreasing linear trend for 10 stations out of 16 and significant decreasing trend at Sawla (p<0.05 (-8.15 mm/yr)) and Chida (p< 0.05(-16.08 mm/yr)) were obtained. 6-month SPI showed less seasonal drought probability in Hosaina and Welkite areas. However, for the start of belg, March was unreliable in two stations while reliable in Gato area. Therefore, time of planting crops and soil and water conservation activities should be performed considering this variability.
openalex: W2590968174 mag: 2590968174
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Age‐related changes in the guinea pig auditory cortex: relationship with brainstem changes and comparison with tone‐induced hearing loss - Gourévitch, Boris; Edeline, Jean‐Marc (European Journal of Neuroscience, 2011)
Abstract Elderly people often show degraded hearing performance and have difficulties in understanding speech, particularly in noisy environments. Although loss in peripheral hearing sensitivity is an important factor in explaining these low performances, central alterations also have an impact but their exact contributions remained unclear. In this study, we focus on the functional effects of aging on auditory cortex responses. Neuronal discharges and local field potentials were recorded in the auditory cortex of aged guinea pigs (> 3 years), and several parameters characterizing the processing of auditory information were quantified: the acoustic thresholds, response strength, latency and duration of the response, and breadth of tuning. Several of these parameters were also quantified from auditory brainstem responses collected from the same animals, and recordings obtained from a population of animals with trauma‐induced hearing loss were also included in this study. The results showed that aging and acoustic trauma reduced the response strength at both brainstem and cortical levels, and increased the response latencies more at the cortical level than at the brainstem level. In addition to the brainstem hearing loss, aging induced a ‘cortical hearing loss’ as judged by additive changes in the threshold and frequency response seen in the cortex. It also increased the duration of neural responses and reduced the receptive field bandwidth, effects that were not found in traumatized animals. These effects substantiate the notion that presbycusis involves both peripheral hearing loss and biological aging in the central auditory system.
openalex: W1556705388 mag: 1556705388
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Inclusive Elite Bargains and the Dilemma of Unproductive Peace: a Zambian case study - Lindemann, Stefan (Third World Quarterly, 2011)
Abstract This article seeks to contribute to recent debates on the link between political settlements and state building. It proposes a theoretical framework that centres on the alternative concept of ‘elite bargain’ and suggests that inclusive elite bargains can be expected to facilitate both peace and economic development. Yet a detailed case study of elite bargains in Zambia shows that all good things do not always go together. While inclusive elite bargains have indeed helped to avoid civil war, they have often constrained economic development—a dilemma of unproductive peace.
openalex: W2043407571 mag: 2043407571
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Music teachers' effectiveness in instructional delivery: a case of secondary schools in central province, Kenya - Monte, Patrick Ernest (2011)
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Critical Conditions: Illness and Disability in Francophone African and Caribbean Women’s Writing - Ngue, Julie Nack (2011)
Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Staring Back: Visible Difference, Staring, and Uncertain Legibility in Marie Chauvet's Amour and Myriam Warner-Vieyra's Juletane Chapter 2: The Body Composite: Testimony and the Problematic of Integral Healing in Maryse Conde's Heremakhonon and Ken Bugul's Le Baobab fou Chapter 3: Towards a New Aesthetic of the Global: Grotesque Bodies, Circulation, and Haunting in Fama Diagne Sene's Le Chant des tenebres and Ken Bugul's La Folie et la Mort Chapter 4: Against Quarantine: Foreign Bodies in Excess in Fatou Diome's Le Ventre de l'Atlantique and Bessora's 53 cm Epilogue: In Guise of a Conclusion
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Chronic dietary aflatoxins exposure in Kenya and emerging public health concerns of impaired growth and immune suppression in children - Owaga, Eddy; Muga, Richard; Mumbo, Hazel Miseda; Aila, Fredrick (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2011)
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and contaminate various agricultural commodities either before harvest or under post-harvest conditions.Acute aflatoxin poisoning leading to casepatients and deaths has continued to occur in several parts of Kenya.However, there is emerging evidence implicating chronic aflatoxins exposure as an important factor in infant growth stunting and immune suppression.The consumption of smaller dosages overtime produces no obvious symptoms as would happen with acute dosage.Thus, it has not attracted much attention in Kenya in terms of public health priorities.Aflatoxins have been detected mainly in the staple foods such as cereals and legumes commodities, which form the main gruel ingredients used to compose weaning foods in most rural households.This suggests that children may be more exposed to mycotoxins than the rest of the population and this could be the reason for increased cases of infant malnutrition and mortality in certain areas in Kenya.The extent to which stunted growth and immune suppression contribute to the overall burden of infectious disease merits consideration.Therefore, this paper discusses dietary chronic mycotoxins exposure in Kenya and emerging public health concerns of stunted growth and immune suppression as reported in various related animal and human studies.It also highlights several factors that may enhance the dietary mycotoxins exposure especially amongst children and further explores various localized control measures and research areas within the context of food scarcity and extreme poverty experienced in rural Kenya.This paper aims at reinforcing that presence of mycotoxins within the food system should be addressed as an urgent food safety issue as they place a significant hindrance towards the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 6 on reduction of child mortality and combating of diseases, respectively.
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An anlysis of selected plays presented at the kenya schools and colleges' drama festival - Shikuku, Emmanuel Tsikhungu (2011)
openalex: W1487431280 mag: 1487431280
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Cord care practices among mothers attending immunization clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. - Abhulimhen-Iyoha, BI; Ofili, AN; Ibadin, MO (Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2011)
In developing countries, individual cases and epidemics of cord infections continue to occur, even in supposedly clean nurseries for newborns.The hazards of poor cord care are not limited to predisposition to infections.There is also the risk of bleeding from the cord which can be rapidly fatal.Empirical observation suggests that harmful traditional cord care practices abound in our community, thus placing newborn babies at risk of morbidity and mortality.In spite of this, there is paucity of data on cord care practices in developing countries 6 1 2,3 4,5 Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI Ofili A, Ibadin MO c l a m p ( 2 2 .7 % ) t o s e c u r e haemostasis at the umbilical stump.Other materials used include suture materials, strips of cloth, bandage, plaster and rubber band.Majority of the mothers practiced hand washing before (86.9%) and after (89.3%) cord care.The traditional practices of cord care in Benin City include the use of hot compress (46.1%), menthol-containing balm, herbs, native chalk, petroleum jelly, palm oil, toothpaste ( ), salt, sand and saliva.The most common single agent for cord treatment was alcohol (methylated spirit).The attendant risks associated with harmful cord care practices remain real in our communities.There is need for education of the public, using the mass media and health talks in health facilities, to discourage harmful cord care practices while reinforcing beneficial ones.
openalex: W2030442697 mag: 2030442697
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Erratum: Past climate changes explain the phylogeography of Vitellaria paradoxa over Africa - Allal, François; Sanou, Haby; Millet, L.; Vaillant, A.; Camus-Kulandaivelu, Létizia; Logossa, Zénor Ablah; Lefèvre, François; Bouvet, Jean‐Marc (2011)
Correction to: Heredity (2011) 107, 174–186; doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.5 Upon publication earlier this year in Volume 107, the authors noticed a typographical error, regarding the era of study, in the Discussion section. Within the paragraph sub headed ‘A phylogeographic pattern driven by climate changes’, a sentence on page 184 should read:
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Improving learning infrastructure and environment for sustainable quality assurance practice in secondary schools in Ondo State, South-West, Nigeria - Ayeni, Adeolu Joshua; Adelabu, Modupe Adeola (International Journal of Research Studies in Education (Print), 2011)
The current study examines the state of learning environment and infrastructure, together with their effects on teaching and learning activities and the extent to which they are being maintained.The study uses a descriptive survey design paradigm.Respondents consist of 60 principals and 540 teachers that were randomly selected using the multi-stage sampling technique from a pool of 599 public secondary schools in the Ondo State, South-West, Nigeria.Data were collected using the Learning Environment Management Questionnaire (LEMQ), the Teachers' Instructional Task Performance Rating Scale (TITPRS), and the Interview Guide for Principals (IGP).The study reveals that teachers' perception of the quality of learning infrastructure and environment ranges from 41 to 60.5%, while the schools with inadequate quality range from 19 to 59%.This implies that the quality assurance practice is at the average level in secondary schools.Result also reveals that there is a significant relationship between the teachers' instructional tasks and the students' academic performance (r = 0.645 at p<0.05).The study concluded that the school and other stakeholders in education should effectively collaborate and contribute significantly towards the development of learning infrastructure and environment, so as to create a more conducive working environment for a sustainable high-quality education assurance practices in secondary schools.
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Nocturnal Enuresis And Its Treatment Among Primary School Children In Calabar Nigeria. - Etuk, IS; Ikpeme, Offiong; Essiet, GA (Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2011)
6.0%) though this was not statistically significant (P=0.216).Treatment methods used were m e d i c a t i o n ( 1 .6 % ) , w a t e r restriction (42.8%), awaking for voiding (27.3%) use of alarm bell (0.5%), herbal medication (8.0%), while 19.8% received no form of treatment.Help seeking behavior for this condition was poor as only 2.1% of this study population ever sought medical attention for this condition.The frequency of enuresis was similar to most reports in literature.Help-seeking behavior was poor.Parental education, advocacy and awareness creation on the availability of medical help for enuresis are suggested.
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Issues in girl-child education in Nigeria: implications for library and information support - Ifijeh, Goodluck; Osayande, Odaro (Gender and behaviour, 2011)
Girl-child education has become a matter of concern to stakeholders in Nigeria. This study examines the concept of and crucial issues in girl-child education. It identifies socio-cultural patterns, religious misconceptions, poverty, teenage pregnancy and early marriage amongst others as factors militating against the girl-child education. The paper advocates that public and school libraries must begin to play relevant roles and contribute to the eradication of discriminations against women. It outlines the roles public and school libraries must play in order to improve girl-child enrollment in school as well as reduce school drop-out. In order to effectively play their roles, the study suggests that libraries should source for funds from external agencies rather than depend only on their parent institutions/organizations.Key words: Girl-child; Education; School libraries; Public libraries; Nigeria
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Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010: need, the process, and prospects - Nsubuga, Peter; Johnson, Kenneth C.; Tetteh, Christopher; Oundo, Joseph; Weathers, Andrew; Vaughan, Jim; Elbon, S.M.; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Ndugulile, Faustine; Ohuabunwo, Chima; Evering-Watley, Michele; Mosha, Fausta; et al. (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
As of 2010 sub-Saharan Africa had approximately 865 million inhabitants living with numerous public health challenges. Several public health initiatives [e.g., the United States (US) President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the US President's Malaria Initiative] have been very successful at reducing mortality from priority diseases. A competently trained public health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems is necessary to build upon and sustain these successes and to address other public health problems. Sub-Saharan Africa appears to have weathered the recent global economic downturn remarkably well and its increasing middle class may soon demand stronger public health systems to protect communities. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been the backbone of public health surveillance and response in the US during its 60 years of existence. EIS has been adapted internationally to create the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) in several countries. In the 1990s CDC and the Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with the Uganda and Zimbabwe ministries of health and local universities to create 2-year Public Health Schools Without Walls (PHSWOWs) which were based on the FETP model. In 2004 the FETP model was further adapted to create the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) in Kenya to conduct joint competency-based training for field epidemiologists and public health laboratory scientists providing a master's degree to participants upon completion. The FELTP model has been implemented in several additional countries in sub-Saharan Africa. By the end of 2010 these 10 FELTPs and two PHSWOWs covered 613 million of the 865 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and had enrolled 743 public health professionals. We describe the process that we used to develop 10 FELTPs covering 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010 as a strategy to develop a locally trained public health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems.
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Assessment of pollution trend of heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Nigerian Gas Company in Ughelli, Delta State - Nwajei, Godwin E. (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2011)
Topsoil and subsoil obtained in the vicinity of the Nigerian Gas Company were digested and analysed for some selected trace metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer of model pye unicam SP 2900.The trace metals determined include nickel, copper, iron, barium, lead, cadmium and zinc respectively.The analytical results obtained revealed that the aforementioned trace metals were detected and metal concentrations were highly varied for both topsoil and subsoil.Soil samples (topsoil and subsoil) showed significant higher metal concentrations when compared with those of the background samples.The mean concentrations of nickel, iron, barium, lead and cadmium in topsoil (0-15 cm) were lower than those values obtained in subsoil (15-30 cm).The results of this study were also compared with other similar studies within Nigeria.The results indicate significant enrichment of trace metals in the studied areas.The metal enrichment reported in this study is traceable to petroleum activities in the Niger Delta region.
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Factors influencing elective science students’ perception of their Biology classroom environment in low and high academic achieving schools in the Central Region of Ghana - Otami, Deodat Charles; Ampiah, Joseph Ghartey; Anthony-Krueger, Christian (International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 2011)
The study investigated factors influencing elective science students' perception of their Biology classroom environment in low and high academic achieving senior secondary schools in the Central Region of Ghana.The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted.Participants were 356 third-year elective science students, selection through a multi-stage sampling technique.Data were obtained using the Biology Classroom Environment Questionnaire (BCEQ).This was after the senior secondary schools that offer elective science program had been categorized into low and high academic achieving schools based on their performance in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination/West Africa Senior Secondary School Examinations for five years.Two third-year intact classes were randomly selected from four schools under each category.Data analysis includes Factor and Item Analyses, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance.The findings revealed that four factors influence elective science students' perception of their Biology classroom environment.The findings further suggested that elective science students in both school categories had a low perception of their Biology classroom environment but significantly different in favor of the elective science students in low academic achieving schools in teacher support, cooperation, and equity.Implications of the study are discussed and recommendations given.
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Financing Private Higher Education in Africa - Owusu-Dankwa, Isaac (2011)
Education is noted as pivotal in the quest of developing countries to attain economic independence. However, a major problem which seems to derail this goal is the lack of financing. This has resulted in inadequate personnel, educational institutions, infrastructure and materials, as well as the migration of current and potential students to other developed nations. To help curb this problem, private higher educational institutions have been warmly welcomed and this has led to the setting up of many of such institutions, notably those that are operated by denominational/non-denominational religious bodies. This notwithstanding, financing of education in such institutions is still problematic. The research investigated into the various forms of financing existing in some private higher educational institutions in Ghana (denominational/non-denominational). In addition, alternative forms of financing that could be employed to ensure the survival of private higher education were identified. This research work will be of immense help to students, investors and researchers interested in private higher educational financing.
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Influenza preparedness and response: Involvement of African Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs, 2009 - Preacely, Nykiconia; Nsubuga, Peter (The Pan African medical journal, 2011)
Background: The capacity of public health professionals to rapidly detect and respond to disease pandemics is critical to understand and control global disease spread.On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared H1N1 virus infection as pandemic.In May 2009, we assessed the participation of Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs (FELTPs) based in sub-Saharan Africa on pandemic influenza preparedness and response.Methods: We administered an electronic survey to directors and resident advisors of African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) member and associate FELTPs.The survey included questions on the following attributes: program involvement in suspected H1N1 investigations, experience in influenza outbreak investigations, national influenza surveillance and response plans, and H1N1 outbreak preparedness.Results: Nine countries (100%) responded to the survey; all had existing national influenza response plans.Six programs reported their trainees had participated in past pandemic preparedness and response exercise, five (83%) of them were influenza specific.Conclusion:FELTPs played an important role in H1N1 surveillance and response in sub-Saharan Africa.Continued technical assistance and support to these programs is vital to foster their capacity to monitor and control public health threats.
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Challenges to providing HIV prevention education to youth with disabilities in South Africa - Rohleder, Poul; Swartz, Leslie; Schneider, Marguerite; Eide, Arne Henning (Disability and Rehabilitation, 2011)
In South Africa, little is known how HIV prevention education is implemented in schools for learners with disabilities. This article reports on findings from a study exploring the extent to which HIV education is reached to people with disabilities in South Africa, and the challenges faced by educators providing HIV prevention education to learners with disabilities.A survey questionnaire completed by 34 schools for learners with special education needs in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Additional complimentary data were collected through interviews with a total of 21 members of staff at schools for learners with disabilities.Respondents recognise the importance of providing HIV prevention education for people with disabilities. Staff reports some challenges in providing HIV prevention education: barriers to communication; discomfort about issues of sexuality and disability; disagreements among staff about what is appropriate content for sexual health education; and fears of promoting sexual activity.There is a need for HIV prevention education to be specifically customized to the needs of the specific population. A general programme, which is included as part of a general curriculum and generally tailored to "mainstream" schools, would need to be adapted according to specific needs and disabling barriers faced.
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Articulating cultures: socio-cultural experiences of black female immigrant students in South African schools1 - Vandeyar, Saloshna; Vandeyar, Thirusellvan (Gender and behaviour, 2011)
Contests of space and place in South African „schoolscapes‟2 are now not so much about „race‟ as it is about nationalism and territoriality. While the politics of belonging unfolds and overtly manifests itself, a more covert, insidious and worrisome issue is that of the erosion of the social and cultural mores of Black3 immigrant students. Utilising social constructivism, case study approach and narrative inquiry, this study sets out to explore the socio-cultural experiences of Black female immigrant students in South African schools. It was found that the socio-cultural context of South African „schoolscapes‟ represented a site of contamination and shame; was marred by conflict and contained elements that worked towards the erosion of cultural and social mores of Black female immigrant students.Keywords: Immigrant students; socio-cultural; migration; xenophobia; schoolscape
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Opportunities and challenges for statistics education in South Africa - Zewotir, Temesgen; North, Delia (Pythagoras, 2011)
The South African educational system is in a state of transformation as the Government embarks on a process of grappling with legacies of the past, whilst balancing risks and opportunities for the future. Accordingly, a new school curriculum with outcomes-based education as the fundamental building block was introduced along a sliding scale, starting in 1997. This curriculum, with a vast statistics content, has the potential to change the face of statistics education in South Africa, as statistics had previously been virtually absent from the school syllabus. This article highlights the challenges to and opportunities for optimising the teaching of statistics across all education levels in South Africa.
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Political Leadership and the Development of Education Programme in Nigeria: Lessons for African Nations - Akindutire, Isaac Olusola; Ayodele, Joseph Babatola; Osiki, P. (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
This paper examined the implications of political leadership on the development of education programmes in Nigeria and lessons for African nations.. The political environment has a strong influence on educational policy planning and implementation in any nation . Successive governments, both during the military and civilian regimes, tend to pursue educational programmes in line with their respective ideologies and priorities. Funding of education programmes was not only found to be inadequate, it was also based on the priority of the ruling government. In addition, by the 1990s many African countries degenerated into severe political instability most in the form of open conflicts. This has compounded the problems of expenditure underspending during the later 1980s and thus resulting in policy somersaults. In order to reduce the level of illiteracy in Nigeria and also achieve the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) of achieving education for all by 2015, Nigeria and indeed all African nation's need a political leadership that is focused and vigorously pursuing the development of education programmes that will stand the test of time and move their respective nations forward technologically.
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Should complementary and alternative medicine familiarisation modules be taught in African medical schools - Akinola, Oluwole Busayo (Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2011)
Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are household sources of therapy in African communities. A large percentage of the African population uses CAMs as an alternative to mainstream medicine. This is partly due to tradition, and partly because of inability to afford conventional treatments. In the developed countries, the use of CAMs is gradually on the increase. As a result, certain medical schools in these countries are incorporating CAM familiarisation modules into their undergraduate medical curricula. In Africa, most medical schools have not taught CAM yet. However, in view of the rising use of CAMs by the African populace, and the potential CAM-conventional therapy interactions, there is the need for physicians to get familiar with those CAMs in common use. To achieve this, it is recommended that African medical schools introduce CAM familiarization modules into the undergraduate medical curricula. This would fully prepare the 21st century doctors to deliver holistic medical treatment, and thus be at par with the global trend.
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Climate change: an issue for parliamentarians in Southern Africa - Chandani, Achala; Anderson, Simon; Schoch, Corinne; Smith, Barry (2011)
Parliamentarians can play a key role in building climate resilience by bringing constituents' concerns into national forums, scrutinising how governments are responding to domestic and global climate change issues, and ensuring policy continuity. In the Southern African Customs Union, members of parliament often struggle to fulfill this role, hampered by limited understanding of the issues, fragmented policy and legal frameworks and competing priorities. Boosting parliamentarians' capacity to engage effectively with climate change in Southern Africa requires them to strengthen their research capabilities, diversify their sources of information and build cross-party groups on climate change.
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Getting African climate change research recognised - Denton, Fatima; Anderson, Simon; Ayers, Jessica (2011)
Across Africa, programmes such as the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa initiative are investigating what it means for countries and communities to effectively adapt to climate change, and how this can be achieved in practice. But research results are not always recognised by policymakers or the global research community — in part because they are not visible within the traditional hallmark of scientific scholarship and credibility, peer-reviewed literature. Greater efforts are required to encourage African scientists to engage in the peer-review process and give their research the credibility it needs to convince decision makers that robust scientific findings support the solutions offered. At the same time, decision makers themselves must find ways of assessing and making use of robust research outside the peer-review arena.
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Obstacles to the Internationalisation of Higher Education in Africa: the Case of Uganda - Kasenene, ES (Makerere Journal of Higher Education, 2011)
As the world turns into a global village, shifting from national to international higher education systems presents itself as a subject of critical concern.Thus, higher education systems and institutions are internationalizing their outlook and programs.However, in Africa, little has been published on the challenges these systems and institutions are experiencing in their efforts to internationalise their programs and outlook.Taking the case of Uganda, this study examines some of these challenges.Using a questionnaire adapted from related literature, data were elicited from 54 managers of HEIs in the country.The findings were that underfunding; inadequate government and donor support; staffing gaps; and administrative rigidity are constraining the internationalization of higher education in the country.Therefore, recommendations towards improving the institutions' funding, modes of delivery and collaboration with offshore HEIs are made.
openalex: W2043415486 mag: 2043415486
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Value added bean technologies for enhancing food security, nutrition, income and resilience to cope with climate change and variability challenges in Eastern Africa - Kimani, Paul M.; Endire, Setegn Gebeyehu; Ruraduma, Capitoline; Karanja, David; Kweka, Sostine Onesmo; Butare, Louis (2011)
openalex: W2253926834 mag: 2253926834
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Learning from learning: the experiences with implementing adaptive collaborative forest management in Zimbabwe - Mutimukuru-Maravanyika, Tendayi; Almekinders, Conny (2011)
Convinced that participatory resource management is the way forward in the conservation of natural resources, despite the increasing criticism of participatory approaches, the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) initiated a multi-country adaptive collaborative management (ACM) research programme. The programme aimed to test the approach and check whether it did indeed result in improvements in both resource conditions and human well-being. Multi-disciplinary teams were set up to spearhead the implementation of the ACM approach in collaboration with local stakeholders in eleven countries (including Zimbabwe) where the research was initiated. Adaptive collaborative management is an approach that is based on action research and learning, and aims to develop people’s capacity to adapt to the ever-changing State Forest in Zimbabwe. The chapter shows that doing collaborative research with local stakeholders is easier said than done and several challenges are faced at different levels: within the multi-disciplinary research team itself and between the research team and the local stakeholders. The chapter also shows that, though it is difficult to conduct, collaborative research can indeed result in positive improvements in both the resource status and human well-being. However, these changes will not be sustained if such initiatives fail to explicitly address issues of power and politics as well as put in place clear rules for the management of resources and the means of enforcing them.
openalex: W4388990413
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Integrated process for sustainable agro-process waste treatment and climate change mitigation in Eastern Africa - Njau, Karoli N.; Kyambadde, Joseph; Dawit; Hermogene, N. (2011)
openalex: W2212047207 mag: 2212047207
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Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Environment: A Case Study of Imo State of Nigeria - Okorie, Fidelis Chinazor; Okeke, Ifeyinwa (2011)
All countries of the world are vulnerable to climatic variations and change, and developing countries especially, those in arid, semi-arid and high rainfall regions, are particularly so. Africa is considered the most vulnerable region in the world in terms of climate change and variation, due to its physical and socio-economic characteristics. Climate variation generally occurs at local scale, regional scale, national scale and global scale. Having established that the global climate has varied slowly over the past millennia, centuries, and decades it is expected to continue to vary in future. Like the climate change, variability may be due to, national internal process within the climate (internal variability), or variations in natural or anthropogenic external forces (external variability). Evidence of climate variations is now well documented, and the implications are becoming increasingly clear as data accumulates and data and climate models become increasingly sophisticated. The fluctuations in rainfall and temperatures regimes are basically the atmospheric deriving forces that are responsible for the climate variations over Imo State and the entire southeastern part of Nigeria as the case in other regions of the world. This paper examines the impacts of climate variability and change in Imo state of Nigeria. The study employed the use of 30 years (1980-2009) precipitation (rainfall) and temperature data of Imo state recorded at Owerri (the capital) synoptic station which was acquired from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The study shows a lot of variation in rainfall and fluctuation in temperature in the area within the period under study, which have caused a lot of environmental problems in the state including sea-level rise, increased heat wave, increased coastal/soil erosion, flooding and flood –related disasters such as pollution, increased diseased vectors, communicable diseases and epidemics amongst others.
openalex: W2889809798 mag: 2889809798
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Fostering the Practice and Teaching of Statistical Consulting among Young Statisticians in Africa - Olawale, Awe Olushina (Journal of Education and Practice, 2011)
Statistical Consulting is unarguably one of the most challenging and rewarding aspects of statistics. It is both an art and a science because it involves both statistical and non-statistical skills. This article considers the usefulness of statistics, importance of statistical consulting and stresses the need to improve the practice of statistical consulting among young statisticians in Africa by including it in the curriculum of statistics programs in all African Universities and institutions of higher learning. The need to establish a statistical consulting unit in all the universities in Africa, whose activities will include providing advice for researchers on a full range of topics including statistical procedures for experiments, statistical and bio-mathematical modeling, statistical computing, and interpretation of results, is also proposed. Key Words : Empirical data, African Universities, Analysis, Curriculum, Teaching, Skills, Statistician.
openalex: W1832611496 mag: 1832611496
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Role of the African Council for Distance Education in Fostering Quality Assurance in Open and Distance Learning in Africa - Rotimi, Omolola Abidemi; Sanusi, Junedah (Makerere journal of higher education, 2011)
The African Council for Distance Education (ACDE) was established to promote research, policy and quality in open and distance learning (ODL), so as to increase access to education and training in Africa.This paper discusses the role of the council in fostering establishment of a quality assurance and accreditation agency (QAAA) aimed at addressing concerns for quality in ODL on the continent, so that the society can have confidence in it.The paper discusses the context within which establishment of the council and development of the QAAA were necessitated as well as the policy framework within which the QAAA is being developed.The challenges being experienced in implementing the project are examined and recommendations towards their resolution, and ensuring the success and sustainability of the agency, are made.
openalex: W2063542270 mag: 2063542270
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Climate change, adaptation strategies and mobility: evidence from four settlements in Senegal - Sall, Mohamadou; Samb, A.; Tall, Sérigne Mansour; Tandian, Aly (2011)
This research investigates the impact of climate change on the mobility of people in four settlements in Senegal: Ngueye Ngueye, Gandiole, the Senegal River delta and Ourossogui. A qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews and focus groups was used to determine how daily life in these communities is being affected by environmental change. Some migrants spend long periods as far afield as Mauritania, the Gambia or Spain, while others stay closer to home, going to places like Saint-Louis, Dakar and Mbour for short periods. Mobility is an opportunity for migrants to generate funds and send money home. It is a key factor in adaptation to climate change, as a strategy for survival and for diversifying incomes. The problems encountered in the ecological study zones are not entirely due to climate change, for migration is also triggered by factors such as the opening of the breach in Saint-Louis or lack of support for rural development. However, climate change is certainly accelerating disruptions and transformations in the study sites. Moreover, while migrants' financial transfers help improve daily life for some families, they also increase socio-economic inequalities between households that include migrants and those that do not. People are moving away from (but not necessarily abandoning) purely agricultural livelihoods and seeking to diversify their sources of income. This may come from migration, or from artisanal activities undertaken in the locality - such as metalwork, woodwork, sewing or hairdressing. Another option that many women have taken is using micro-credit facilities to start processing local produce, crushing groundnuts and preparing cereals to sell at the weekly markets. Other adaptation strategies are developed and adopted through technical innovations or awareness-raising and educational activities. These activities often require institutional support from the State or from NGOs involved in implementing projects and helping communities institutionalise and appropriate adaptation strategies. Although the Senegalese government has shown its political commitment by ratifying various international conventions, the implementation of policies is compromised by a lack of communication and public information on relevant programmes, which therefore have a very limited impact on those most affected by the ongoing socio-economic and environmental changes. Furthermore, policies relating to climate change take little account of the mobility of these communities.
openalex: W2189007555 mag: 2189007555
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Linking training, research and policy advice: capacity building for adaptation to climate change in East Africa - Scheltinga, Catharien Terwisscha van; Geene, J. van (2011)
openalex: W4388990364
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Mathematics in Multilingual Classrooms in South Africa: From Understanding the Problem to Exploring Possible Solutions - Setati, Mamokgethi (2011)
openalex: W345770814 mag: 345770814
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Role and challenges of satellite television as a space for informel education : a case study of the role of four highly regarded channels in cultural education in Syria - Ammon, R. H. (2011)
openalex: W4392532477
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Availability and abuse of geography Teaching/Learning resources in livingstone and Choma districts of southern province Zambia - Chilala, Collard (2011)
This study evaluated the availability and use of geography teaching/learning resources in selected high schools of Livingstone and Choma districts of Southern Zambia. The study was guided by three objectives: (i) to determine the availability of teaching/learning resources in Livingstone and Choma high schools; (ii) to assess the use of such resources in Livingstone and Choma high schools ; (iii) and to find out the most used geography teaching/learning resources in Livingstone and Choma high schools.. The research design used in this study was descriptive. Besides being descriptive it was also qualitative and quantitative in nature. The researcher used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires, while secondary data was found from the internet, the journals and geography documents. The sample size comprised of 130 pupils, 35 high school teachers and 12 Ministry of Education officials comprised of SESOs, DEBs, ESOs and DESOs. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to generate tables, graphs and charts. The study revealed that there was limited geography teaching/learning resources in most high schools of Livingstone and Choma districts of Southern Zambia. The study also revealed that teaching/learning resources most used by teachers of geography were educational boards, text books, real objects and charts .The study further revealed that most high schools under the study area were grossly under-resourced in terms of teaching/learning resources. The study recommends that the MoE should mount periodic training sessions for teachers in the use and production of teaching/learning resources. In addition, the study recommends that the MoE should be committed to providing teaching/learning resources and should partner with NGOs, private sectors, individuals and industries to assist in supplementing government efforts.
openalex: W2803019478 mag: 2803019478
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THE ROLE OF MISSIONARIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ZAMBIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION CURRICULUM - Chita, Joseph (2011)
openalex: W2188995541 mag: 2188995541
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From home to school: Bridging the literacy gap in L1 Wolof children learners of L2 French in Senegal - Fall, Moustapha (2011)
This study examines the acquisition of literacy in a second language (L2) in the absence of literacy in the first language (L1). Wolof children in Senegal—West Africa—develop their first literacy skills in their second language (L2), French or Arabic, not in their first language (L1), Wolof. The Wolof language is primarily oral, and even though a written system has been recently developed, children still do not read and write in their L1. This situation slows down the process of learning French as children have no pre-existing literacy skills to transfer from their L1 to their L2 (Ellis, 1994). The very notion of cross-linguistic transfer from L1 to L2 has been an increasingly important research topic in the field of Second Language Acquisition over the past twenty years (Ellis 1994; Odlin 1989; Kasper 1989; Cummins 2000). Of equal importance has been the notion of interdependency between L1 and L2 and the impact(s) of L1 literacy on L2 learning; a dominant theory in the 1980s (Cummins, 1979, 1984, 2000- Interdependence Hypothesis). However, it is worth noting that the vast majority of previous studies on the notion of cross- linguistic transfer and language interdependency were mostly limited to written native languages not to unwritten native languages.This was the case until the UNESCO report of 1953 and other studies presented themselves in support of the use of the mother tongue as “the best medium for teaching a child to read (UNESCO, 1953).
openalex: W1819471306 mag: 1819471306
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Leadership Identity in Ethnically Diverse Schools in South Africa and England - Lumby, Jacky; Heystek, Jan (Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2011)
This article adopts an international perspective to examine the perceptions and practice of leaders in a South African and an English primary school and the leadership implications. Both schools have experienced a relatively swift and large scale diversification of learners away from the previous white majority. In each case the educators have not diversified to the same extent. Interview data is explored to consider how diversity is conceived, and the implications for practice. Similarities and differences are identified, in order to increase understanding of context, its relation to practice and the implications for development in diverse organizations and societies. The article concludes that in both countries there are assertions that skin colour does not matter. Such blindness is a barrier to building greater inclusion.
openalex: W2113001611 mag: 2113001611
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The impact of school feeding programme on school enrollment,attendance and perfomance in selected basic schools in Mongu District of Western Zambia - Munukayumbwa, Sitali Consatance (2011)
openalex: W2567144714 mag: 2567144714
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Effectiveness of UNZA trained degree holder Geography teachers in executing the field project in Zambian high schools of Lusaka and Kafue Districts - Nakazwe, Matilda Kayampa (2011)
It has always been assumed that a person of higher qualification executes duties better than one with a lower qualification. The truth of this assumption remains a matter of debate. The training of geography teachers in teaching field project was first done at the University of Zambia under the Department of Language and Social Sciences education (LSSE).The course was introduced at UNZA in collaboration with the needs of the Ministry of Education and Curriculum Development Centre. According to a study conducted by Mundende (2007), one of the challenges faced in the then newly introduced geography field project was that a number of geography teachers teaching it were not trained to offer it. However, the study did not differentiate the work done by trained degree holder geography teachers and the untrained diploma holder geography teachers in their execution of the field project. The study merely pointed out that some teachers weren’t trained in field project but did not mention as to whether those trained in fieldwork were better at executing the field project or not. With the above background, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of degree holder geography teachers trained in field project in Zambian high schools of Lusaka and Kafue districts. The study investigated views, beliefs and challenges experienced by trained geography degree holder teachers, untrained diploma holder geography teachers and grade twelve geography pupils. It also sought the views of the lecturers training students in field project. The study was largely qualitative and descriptive, and the use of research questions unlike the use of hypotheses was employed. The research questions posed were: (a) what is expected of degree holder geography teachers trained to teach the field project? (b) How are geography degree holder teachers trained to implement field project in high schools? (c) What are pupils’ views on the effectiveness of degree holder geography teachers trained in field project? The research aimed at establishing whether degree holder geography teachers trained in field project were fully equipped to enhance the smooth teaching of the field project in Zambian high schools or not. The study also aimed at establishing whether the initial training of student geography teachers in field project had any gaps or not. This was in order to equip relevant stakeholders with necessary solutions to each of these aims. The specific objectives of this study were: (a) to find out what was expected of degree holder geography teachers regarding the field project. (b) To evaluate actual fieldwork activities undertaken by degree holder geography teachers trained in field project at high school. (c) Evaluate pupils’ views on the effectiveness of degree holder teachers trained in field project in handling the field project. Amongst the main findings were that the majority (58.1 percent) of the geography degree holder teachers trained in fieldwork did not take pupils for field experiences. The majority of the degree holder…
openalex: W2759522549 mag: 2759522549
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On-farm yield potential of local seed watermelon landraces under heat- and drought-prone conditions in Mali - Nantoumé, A. D.; Christiansen, Jens; Andersen, S. B.; Jensen, Birgit (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011)
SUMMARY On-farm yield experiments were carried out in the Tombouctou region of Mali in 2009/10 under heat- and drought-prone desert conditions with three local landraces of seed-type watermelons. The landraces, named Fombou, Kaneye and Musa Musa by the farmers, exhibited distinct characteristics for fruit morphology, but in particular for seed traits. On average, the three landraces produced a fruit yield of 11·6 t/ha and an estimated seed yield of 364 kg/ha, with no significant differences among landraces. Kaneye showed the highest stability of fruit number/ha in different field environments, suggesting this landrace is the best among the three for a poor growing environment, whereas Fombou and especially Musa Musa responded positively to more favourable environments. Seed weight revealed a different trend, with Fombou as the most responsive to favourable conditions, while Kaneye and Musa Musa were less responsive. The yields obtained suggest that these local landraces of watermelon are valuable plant genetic resources for securing food supply in arid, heat- and drought-prone areas.
openalex: W2047057770 mag: 2047057770
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Quality Assurance of University Education in Alberta and Kenya: Policies and Practices - Oloo, J. E. O. (KCA Journal of business management, 2011)
Since the introduction of degree granting institutions, Alberta and Kenya have persistently made efforts to manage and improve the quality of university education.While contexts, stakeholders, and quality assurance regimes have changed over time, debate on academic quality in both jurisdictions has continued bringing to the fore disagreements about the exact meaning of the phrase.However, many observers appreciate the importance of quality assurance and enhancement of degree programming.In this paper, we review policies and practices in quality assurance of degree education in the Canadian Province of Alberta and Kenya and the roles of Campus Alberta Quality Council and the Kenya Commission for Higher Education in assuring and enhancing quality of higher education in the two jurisdictions.Possible lessons for Kenya and other developing countries are presented.
openalex: W2051785044 mag: 2051785044
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An analysis of the training and development methods and techniques : a case of the Kenya education staff institute KESI and Kenya institute of administration KIA, Nairobi - Omara, Garise B. (2011)
openalex: W2521098418 mag: 2521098418
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Stemming the Tide: School Dropout in Ghana: A Resource for School Social Workers, Educationists and Policy Makers - Sottie, Cynthia Akorfa (2011)
openalex: W2200724703 mag: 2200724703
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