AMERICAN SCHOOL FOR ORIENTAL STUDY AND RESEARCH IN PALESTINE 1903 (2011)
openalex: W4251681651
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THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MANAGING COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL FOR ORIENTAL STUDY AND RESEARCH IN PALESTINE (2011)
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Determination of HIV/AIDS Risk Behavioural Factors Among University of Dodoma Students in Tanzania - Abbas, Ismail; Akarro, Rocky R. J. (Tanzania Journal for Population studies and Development, 2011)
This study was conducted among university students at the University of Dodoma, and sought to determine whether knowledge on HIV/AIDS, attitudes and beliefs can predict practices that causes HIV infections. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered in this cross-sectional study in a sample of 547 (539 students plus 8 lecturers). The data on responses of students to HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs were analyzed preliminarily using frequencies and cross tabulations. Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) was used in analyzing the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The OLR for sex under the influence of alcohol (p<0.001) had significant contribution from gender, knowledge on transmission through sexual contact, beliefs about HIV/AIDS and attitudes toward VCT testing. The OLR for sex without condom (p<0.001) had significant contributions from gender and attitudes toward condom use. Knowledge on transmission through sexual contact, beliefs about HIV/AIDS, attitudes toward VCT testing, and condom use appeared to be common predictors of HIV/AIDS risk behavioural factors among students.
openalex: W2784831402 mag: 2784831402
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Enhancing competence of secondary school English Teachers in Yemen a need based syllabus for inset programmes - AlAhdal, Arif Ahmed Mohammad Hassan (2011)
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Education, poor antenatal care coverage and teenage pregnancy at Kassala Hospital, Eastern Sudan - Ali, AbdelAziem A.; Mohammed, Abdalla Ali; Sulaiman, Mohammed (2011)
The present study was conducted at Kassala hospital in eastern Sudan over six month’s duration (April to October, 2009) to determine antenatal care coverage, risk of anemia, obstructed labor, preterm birth and low birth weight among teenage primiparous women (<20 years) with singleton deliveries compared with the similar group of women aged 20 to 35 years. All primiparous women who delivered single babies were invited to participate in the study. Among 2115 primiparous deliveries, there were 321 teenagers (152 per 1000 deliveries). In comparison with older women, teenagers received poor antenatal care, were more likely to lack secondary education, at risk of preterm delivery and to develop obstructed labor (P value = 0.00, 0.00, 0.03 and 0.00 respectively). Health education and concept of contraception might reduce this high incidence of early motherhood and its consequences. Key words: Education, antenatal care, pregnancy, teenage, Sudan.
openalex: W2103001805 mag: 2103001805
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Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasites among Delgi school children, North Gondar, Ethiopia - Ayalew, Asrat; Debebe, Tewodros; Worku, Alemayehu (Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology, 2011)
Epidemiological information on the prevalence of various intestinal parasitic infections and identification of local risk factors in different regions/localities is a prerequisite to develop appropriate control strategies. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and risk factors among school children. A cross sectional study involving 704 school children was conducted from 27 September to 6 December, 2010. Structured questionnaire were used to identify environmental, socio demographic and behavioral factors. Stool specimens were collected from all study subjects and examined for parasites using direct smear and formol-ether concentration technique. Finally, data entry and analysis was done using Epi-info and SPSS statistical soft ware respectively. Ten species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 79.8% (562 of 704 children). The most prevalent intestinal parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides 338 (48%), Giardia lamblia 295 (41.9%),Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 192 (27.3%), Schistosoma mansoni 112 (15.9%), Hookworm 81(11.5%). Of the total positive stool samples 96 (13.6%) were single infection and 466 (66.2%) were mixed infection, from this mixed infections majority of the children had double infection 309 (43.9%). Intestinal parasite prevalence was higher in children with less educated mother, in children who have habit of eating raw/ unwashed vegetables, drinking unprotected well/spring water and who do not have hand washing practice before meal (P< 0.05). In conclusion, Intestinal parasite infection is a health problem among Delgi school children. Therefore, interventions including improvement of sanitation, provision of safe water, and health education on personal hygiene to the students and to their parents should be given. Key words: Intestinal parasites, Delgi school children, Ethiopia.
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Sociolinguistic Dimensions of Dialect use in the Algerian Education System - Azzoug, Omar (Traduction et langues, 2011)
Algeria is a diglossic community, the existence of MSA as the only means of instruction on one hand and AA, the mother tongue of the Algerian learner on the other, makes the process of learning an arduous one. The paper examines the classroom environment in primary school. It explores the teachers’ awareness, knowledge and understanding of, and attitudes and feelings towards, monolingualism, bidialectalism. The study also briefly considers whether teacher training has amply prepared these teachers for the confrontation of a bidialectal classroom. The data is discussed in terms of education and Second Language Acquisition theory and the Algerian education and language policies. The results of indicate that the teachers have two fundamental suppositions that support their action and classroom construction. (1) a lack of exposure to MSA is the primary cause of language problems for learners, (2) AA, the mother tongue, does not need to be maintained or promoted in the school environment because learners are sufficiently exposed to their L1 in the home.
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The Algerian Education System - Azzoug, Omar (Traduction et Langues, 2011)
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ETUDE D’IMPACT DES CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES SUR LES RESSOURCES HYDRIQUES DU BASSIN VERSANT DE L’OUERGHA (RIF – MAROC) IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE OUERGHA WATERSHED (RIF, MOROCCO) - Boukrim, Siham; Sadkaoui, Nezha; Lahrach, Abderrahim; Chaouni, Abdel-Ali (Le Journal de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, 2011)
RESUME : Le bassin versant de l?Ouergha etendu sur 7300 km² sur le versant Sud rifain est la region la plus pluvieuse du Maroc. Cependant, l?impermeabilite de ses terrains formes essentiellement de marnes Cretace empeche le developpement des ressources en eau souterraines. Pourtant, ses eaux de surface sont vulnerables a plusieurs contraintes naturelles et anthropiques. L?etude d?impact des changements climatiques met en evidence un rechauffement annuel de 0,15 °C et un deficit pluviometrique annuel d?environ 4 mm observe de 1982/83 a 2007/08 qui forme la periode hydrologiquement la plus seche qu?a connu le bassin de l?Ouergha. La comparaison entre les deux periodes : 1957/58-1970/71 et 1970/71-2007/08 montre une diminution des debits des oueds suivant la baisse des pluies. La reduction de ces debits a entraine des deficits hydrologiques considerables oscillant d?une station a l?autre de 40,8% a 49,5%. Le rapport entre la lame d?eau tombee et celle ruisselee montre un deficit d?ecoulement de 368 mm. Le coefficient de ruissellement de 49,4% indique que 50% de la pluie n?a pas ruissele mais est surement evaporee et evapotranspiree puisqu?elle ne peut pas s?infiltrer. Cette situation critique que subissent les ressources en eau du bassin versant de l?Ouergha, exige une bonne gestion pour minimiser la penurie surtout avec l?accentuation de la secheresse meteorologique. ABSTRACT: The Ouergha watershed covers an area of 7300 km² at the Southern side of Rif Mountains. It is the rainiest area of Morocco. The impermeability of its land formed mainly of Cretaceous marls prevents it from having valuable groundwater resources. However, the water surface of this basin is vulnerable regarding several natural hazards and anthropogenic activities. The study focuses on the impact of climate change highlighted by a warming of 0.15 °C/year and a rainfall deficit of about 4 mm/year, observed since 1982 to 2008; period characterized by the driest years in the Ouergha watershed. The comparison between the two periods: 1957/58- 1982/83 and 1982/83-2007/08 shows that the decrease in stream flow follows the same direction than the changes in rainfall. These water flows gauged at the Ouergha stations show a considerable increase of the hydrological deficits ranging from 40.8% to 49.5% from one station to another. The relationship between rainfall and water runoff shows a flow deficit of 368 mm. The runoff coefficient of 49.4% indicates that nearly 50% of this water does not flow but must be mainly evaporated and evapotranspired since it cannot penetrate underground. This critical situation of the water resources in the Ouergha watershed requires good management to minimize shortages especially with the increasing of meteorological drought.
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British colonial education policy in Africa - ccedil; Mart, ar Turul (International Journal of English and Literature, 2011)
As a result of colonization, the colonizing countries implemented their own form of education within their colonies. Colonizing governments realized that they gained strength over colonized nations not only through physical control but also mental control. This mental control was carried out through education. The colonizer’s educational goal was to expose Africans to a superior culture. Colonizers thought education would bring Africans into the modern world and education would bring them to a higher level of civilization. However the need for skilled native labor by colonizers for economic development and eagerness to propagate Christianity caused colonizers to use education as a tool to achieve social control over African people. Key words: Africa, colonial education, western culture, assimilation, inferiority, superiority.
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Gunshot injuries: A Tanzanian experience in a Teaching hospital in the Lake Zone - Chalya, PL; Mchembe, Mabula D; Gilyoma, JM; Mabula, JB; Kanumba, ES (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2011)
Background: Gunshot injuries (GSIs) are a unique form of trauma that are on increase all over the world and contribute significantly to high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, injury characteristics and treatment outcome of GSI in our local setting and to suggest preventive strategies as well as treatment protocols. Methods: This was a combined retrospective and prospective study of GSI patients who were managed at Bugando Medical Centre from April 2006 to March 2010. Data were collected from patients’ records and operation theatre registers and analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5. Results: A total of 84 GSI patients were studied. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 15.8:1. Their mean age was 29.82 ± 16.26 years. The modal age group was 21-30 years. The majority of GSIs (84.6%) were caused by armed robbery attacks and low-velocity injuries were the majority (61.9%). Most injuries were in the limbs (64.1%) and the majority of gunshot wounds were punctured wounds (56.5%) and lacerations (23.9%). Soft tissue injuries (100%) and fractures (45.7%) were the most common type of injuries sustained. The majority of patients (85.7%) were treated surgically. Wound exploration and debridement were the mode of treatment in the majority of cases. Wound infection (49.1%) and complications of fractures (21.1%) were the most common complications. The mean duration of hospital stay was 34.2 days (1 – 186 days). Mortality rate was 8.3%. Conclusion: Gunshot injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young adult males in our setting. Addressing the root causes of violence such as poverty, unemployment, and substance abuse will reduce the incidence of gunshot injuries in our environment.
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Undergraduate students perception of the effectiveness of ICT use in improving teaching and learning in Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria - Fabunmi; Adesoji, Francis A. (International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2011)
The paper evaluated undergraduate students’ perception of the effectiveness of ICT use in improving teaching and learning in Ekiti State University, Nigeria. Four research questions guided the study and the instrument used was the questionnaire, the research method used was survey. The study came out with the results that there is a preference for ICT use in improving teaching and learning, though costlier than the traditional book sources. It was also discovered that students frequently use internet centres as places of accessibility to get information through ICT teaching and learning. It concludes by affirming the need for the development of ICT use in Nigeria universities for the improvement of teaching and learning for the students. This becomes imperative because ICT culture has come to stay globally in all higher institutions. Information and Communication Technology is now the modern means of improving teaching and learning especially in the University system. Key words: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), perception, teaching and learning, Ekiti State University.
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TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES - Fasasi, Y. A. (2011)
This paper examines the teachers’ professional code of ethics and the challenges facing its implementation in Nigerian secondary schools. It highlights the roles of teacher training institutions ill fostering the knowledge and practice of the ethical code. Poor training of teachers, poor facilities in secondary schools, teachers’ ignorance of the content of the code and corruption in the society are identified as problems militating against the knowledge and practice of the code. High-level of commitment on the part of teacher-trainers, provision of adequate facilities into schools, making the code one of the statutory records to be kept in schools and getting rid of corruption in the society are recommended as ways of making the implementation of the code effective.
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CARACTÉRİSATİON DE LA SÉCHERESSE PAR LES İNDİCES SPI ET SSFI (NORD-OUEST DE L'ALGÉRİE) DROUGHT CHARACTERIZATION BY SPI AND SSFI INDEX (NORTH-WEST OF ALGERIA) - Ghenim, Abderahmane Nekkache; Megnounif, Abdesselam (Le Journal de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, 2011)
Drought induced necessarily a deficit in water supplies with dams. In this work, the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) is used for a period of 63 years. This index allows the identification of wet and dry frequencies for rainfall. Similarly, the SSFI (Standardized Stream Flow Index) is used for water supply in stream flow. The SSFI is used of detecting
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Foundation phase teacher provision by public higher education institutions in South Africa - Green, Whitfield (South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2011)
The study reported in this paper investigated foundation phase teacher provision by the public universities in South Africa, with a view to carefully and accurately determine the extent to which foundation phase teacher provision matched national as well as provincial needs. The study draws on data obtained through a survey of teacher provision at the public higher education institutions (HEIs), conducted by the national Department of Education (DoE) in 2009, as well as from data relating to teacher education qualifications and programmes in the Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS).The study confirmed perceptions that the number of new foundation phase teachers being produced by the public higher education institutions (HEIs) falls short of national and provincial needs, and that the provision of African language foundation phase teachers is particularly problematic, especially in the context of mother-tongue instruction in the early years.
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St. Ephraem the Syrian, a Spiritual Teacher for Today - Griffith, Sidney H. (2011)
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A Girls’ School in West Africa (1926) - Hayford, Adelaide Casely; Moynagh, Maureen; Forestell, Nancy (2011)
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Chapter 5. Enfranchising the Teacher of English through Action Research: Perspectives on English Language Teacher Education in Uganda - Kyeyune, Robinah (2011)
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Chapter 18. The Education of Urban Dwellers: The Kenyan Experience - Macharia, Faith (2011)
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SCHOOL PLANT CONSTRUCTION, UTILIZATION, MAINTENANCE AND SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS IN KEBBI SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA - Manga, Sani Dantani (2011)
This study investigated the relationship between school plant construction, utilization, maintenance and school effectiveness in Kebbi State secondary schools, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design conducted ex-post-facto. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 63% of 41 schools and 69% of 500 participants for this study respectively. A validated questionnaire with a reliability index of .79 was used to generate data. Results of multiple regression and analysis of variance show that school plant construction, utilization and maintenance were positively, highly and significantly correlated with school effectiveness with calculated revalue of 76.68. But in view of the poor quality of the school environment in Kebbi state secondary schools, education policy and management practices should focus on improving the quality of school plant for the attainment of school effectiveness.
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Philosophy for children in South African schools: its role for citizens-in-waiting - Mathebula, Thokozani (South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2011)
Historically, the concept ‘child’ has a Lockean (1960)connotation, as empty slates new born infants, are considered weak and helpless, until the improvement of growth and age has removed this deficient state of childhood. In modern societies, including South Africa, children are still viewed as citizens-in-waiting, and as citizens who need to be inducted into their future role. This deficit model of childhood is reflected in the construction of democratic citizenship education in post-apartheid South Africa. In this article we present a theoretical justification for Philosophy for Children (P4C) as an avenue to individual enlightenment i.e., education that entails the development of a child’s mind, of rationality or the capacity to think. In the light of a Philosophy for Children agenda as an educational pedagogy, we argue that doing philosophy with children starting from an early age has a special significance in education for democratic citizenship in post-apartheid South Africa.
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A study of student support services provided by Al Quds open university of Palestine - Mousa, Mahmoud Awad Mahmoud Saleem (2011)
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Teacher factors in the implementation of universal basic education programme in junior secondary schools in the south senatorial district of Delta State, Nigeria - Nakpodia, E. D. (Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 2011)
The study is an empirical research on teachers’ factors in the implementation of universal basic education (UBE) Programme. There were three research questions and three hypotheses to guide the study. As a descriptive survey, 205 teachers were sampled from a target population of 2,040 teachers in 120 junior secondary schools. Questionnaire was used to generate data. Data were analyzed using the mean and z-test statistic. It was found that urban teachers’ implementation of the UBE programme was significant to those in the rural areas. Also, the experienced teachers’ implementation of the programme did not differ from the less experienced teachers. In addition, the perceptions of professional and non-professional teachers in the implementation of the programme did not differ. It was recommended among others that since there is need for community recruitment of teachers, government should recruit professional teachers into the schools for students to achieve permanent literacy and communicate effectively. Seminars and workshops to be organized for teachers and government should intensify more efforts in effective supervision of teachers to acquaint them with new ideas in the implementation of the universal basic education programme. Key words: Teachers perception, universal basic education, junior secondary schools, Nigeria.
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Chapter 2. Multimodality, Social Justice and Becoming a ‘Really South African’ Democracy: Case Studies from Language Classrooms - Newfield, Denise (2011)
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Special Education Contexts, Problems, and Prospects in Nigeria - Obiakor, Festus E.; Offor, MaxMary Tabugbo (2011)
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Special Needs Education in Ethiopia - Teklemariam, Alemayehu; Fereja, Temesgen (2011)
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Instrumental and integrative motivation among undergraduate Libyan students of English as a foreign language - Zanghar, Ahmed (2011)
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A Survey of Teachers’ and Students’ Perception of Sexual Harassment in Tertiary Institutions of Edo State, Nigeria - Imonikhe, Justina S.; Aluede, Oyaziwo; Idogho, Philipa O. (Asian Social Science, 2011)
The study examined how teachers and students of tertiary institutions in Edo State of Nigeria perceived sexual harassment.The design of the study was descriptive (survey) research.The sample of the study consisted of two hundred lecturers and two hundred students of tertiary institutions in Edo state.A questionnaire, entitled "Lecturers' and Students' Perceptions of Sexual Harassment Scale" was used to gather data for the study.The results indicated that majority of the respondents agreed that sexual harassment is prevalent in schools and that sexual harassment impacts negatively on the academic performance of victims.Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that tertiary institutions should provide the framework where teachers and students can dialogue on issues bothering on students' and lecturers' relationships
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The Failure of Education in Combating Corruption in Sudan: The Impact on Sustainable Development - Ismail, Omer Hashim (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The major question this paper addresses is why education has failed in combating corruption in Sudan and, as a consequence, obstructs sustainable development. Corruption is considered a threat to development in all countries. Education is key factor in curbing corruption. However, looking into the situation in the Sudan, corruption has become a phenomenon characterizing the public sector. It pervades almost in all aspect of life. In fact, Sudan is among the five top corrupted countries in the world. A major role of educational institutions is to provide the nation with knowledgeable and skilled manpower needed to contribute to the socio-economic and political developments. Educated government officials, who are the graduates of educational institutions, are expected to fight the abuse of public office not to exercise it and become corrupted themselves. The role and the power of education in shaping the values and building the morale of citizens are not disagreeable.Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted to answer questions raised in this paper. Five Sudanese staff member at Sultan Qaboos University were interviewed using face-to-face interviews, and three faculty members at the University of Khartoum were interviewed using telephone interviews. The data collected provided answers to what needs to be done to allow education to fight the darkness of corruption for the sake of sustainable development in Sudan. Reforming the education system, developing anti-corruption education programs and raising public awareness are stated as important solutions to the problem.
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Analysis of Parents, Teachers and Students’ Perception of Teaching Profession in South-West Nigeria - Lawal, B. O. (Asian Social Science, 2011)
This study investigated the perception of the teaching profession among the parents, teachers and secondary school students in Southwestern Nigeria. Four null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level. Three potent instruments: Teacher perception of Teaching Profession Questionnaire (TPTPQ), Parent Perception of Teaching Profession Questionnaire (PPTPQ) and Students Perceptions of Teaching Profession (SPTPQ), were validated by the Department of teacher Education for content and construct validity. The test retest reliability coefficient yielded the reliability indices of 0.85, 0.81 and 0.79 respectively. The instruments were administered on 170 sample size: (50) parents, (60) teachers and (60) students. Inferential statistics of t-test and Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significance were used to test the hypotheses. The result revealed that there is significant differences in the way the participants perceive teaching profession (N=60 X=2.047, SD=1.137), (N=60 X=1.943, SD=1.007) and parents (N=50, X=1.698, SD = 0.661). It is recommended among other things that government should take the training and retraining of teachers more seriously.
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The influence of interpretations of islam on girls' access to secondary school education in Mombasa and Kwale districts, Kenya - Maina, Newton Kahumbi (2011)
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Financing puplic secondary schools development projects in Meru North district, Kenya - Mingaine, Stephen Laaria (2011)
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Factors influencing utilization of resources in teaching Kiswahili in selected public secondary schools in Transmara District, Kenya - Mogeni, Jackson Mobisa (2011)
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Self reported delinquent behaviours among students in selected secondary schools in Getembe Division, Kisii District, Kenya - Mokua, Ronald Nyaunga (2011)
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Factors influencing the prevalent and correlate of drug abuse by students of secondary schools in Gatundu division, Thika district, Kenya - Muchiri, Jonathan Kamunyu (2011)
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The prefect system in secondary schools' administration: a case study of Kajiado District in Kenya - Mugali, Justus Gesito (2011)
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Personal Hygiene and sanitation practices of pupils: A comparison between an intervention and a control site in Kajiado District, Kenya. - Mugambi, Evelyn (2011)
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Investigation of problems inhibiting access to effective participation in pre-school education of central division in Embu District (Kenya) - Mugoh, C. N. (2011)
openalex: W2581316998 mag: 2581316998
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Education, poor antenatal care coverage and teenage pregnancy at Kassala Hospital, Eastern Sudan - Ali, AbdelAziem A. (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
openalex: W4249039151
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Building Peace in the Process of Restoring Justice: A Conceptual Framework for an Inclusive Approach to Peace and Justice in Northern Uganda - Beitzel, Terry (West Africa Review, 2011)
The following attempts to provide a conceptual framework for thinking about different dimensions of justice and peace in the current context of Northern Uganda, with special focus on a proposed limited role of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the increased role of restorative justice. This study examines “who is responsible to do what” in terms of the relationship between international and third party actors and local people and indigenous and traditional means of handling justice and peace. It suggests that the ICC and international third party actors should support and assist these local practices and institutions that deal mutually with justice and peace; and proposes that the ICC specifically and the international community generally have important roles to play in Northern Uganda, but these supporting, not leading, roles. Ugandans are not recipients of justice but are resources for justice and the international community might have something to learn about this process as Uganda transitions from violence to politics.
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Economy-wide Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture – Case Study for Adaptation Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa - Calzadilla, Alvaro; Zhu, Tingju; Rehdanz, Katrin; Tol, Richard S.J.; Ringler, Claudia (2011)
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Persons with Disabilities in Malawi: - Kachaje, Rachel Kamchacha (2011)
openalex: W2943437775 mag: 2943437775
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Perception of HIV/AIDS by Primary School Pupils in Thika Municipality, Thika District, Kenya. - Mando, Kenneth Maina (2011)
openalex: W2581303819 mag: 2581303819
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The Church, Public Policy and Disability Concerns in Kenya - Masakhwe, Phitalis Were (2011)
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Persons with Disability in South Africa - Matsebula, Joy Sebenzile P. (2011)
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Preference for mathematics-based careers and attitude towards mathematics among secondary school students in Makueni district, Kenya - Maweu, Samuel Muthoka (2011)
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Teacher's use of play as medium for bridging pre-school children's mathematical experiences: a study of Kasarani Division, Nairobi, Kenya - Ng’asike, John Teria (2011)
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Drought Preparedness and Response as if Development Matters: Case Studies from Kenya - Ng, Aik Seng; Yap, Nonita T. (Journal of Rural and Community Development, 2011)
Few now question the link between disasters and development. The notion that vulnerability is the root cause of disasters and that it accrues from social processes and human decisions, is no longer contentious. However this convergence has not translated into mainstream practice of either development planning or emergency response communities. Vulnerability analysis and disaster risk reduction remain at the margins. Projects that bridge relief and development do not readily attract donor funding. Some exceptions have been documented. There are development NGOs involved in disaster response, and humanitarian assistance NGOs that have integrated vulnerability reduction in their disaster relief work. This paper adds to this body of literature. Based on field research in two drought prone communities in Kenya it assesses the effectiveness of the efforts of government and NGOs in integrating drought management and long-term development in their community interventions and their impacts on community vulnerability. Key informant interviews complemented review of documents and site visits. The paper concludes that while most initiatives, such as water conservation, livestock rearing, income diversification are successful in reducing short term vulnerability and have the potential for contributing to long-term community resilience, others appear to be creating dependency. They warrant careful study and systematic community involvement in order to develop appropriate and sustainable strategies. Keywords: vulnerability reduction, disaster risk reduction, food relief, disaster preparedness and response
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Persons with Disabilities in Madagascar - Razaka, Ralphine (2011)
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A Profile of Tanzanians with Disabilities - Rutachwamagyo, Kaganzi (2011)
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Persons with Disabilities in Uganda - Seezi, Gidudu Balayo N. (2011)
openalex: W2943614551 mag: 2943614551
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Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations among Ethiopian Farmers: Case Studies of Hagere Selam, Tigray, and Kofele, Oromia - Sørhaug, Ann-Karin (2011)
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Relationship between parental socioeconomic status and cardiovascular parameters of primary school pupils in Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Adedeji, Ganiyu Abiodun; Egwu, Michael O.; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Oyelese, O B (Journal of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy, 2011)
Socioeconomic status has been reported to affect the blood pressure of adults in Nigeria. However, it is yet to be confirmed if it also affects the blood pressure of Nigerian children. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status on the cardiovascular parameters of primary school pupils in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The weight, height, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of 1026 primary school pupils in Ile-Ife, Nigeria were measured. The body mass index, rate pressure product and ponderosity index were later calculated. An adapted structured questionnaire which assessed the socioeconomic status of the subjects’ parents was administered. The ages of the subjects ranged between 6 and 14 years. The subjects were subsequently classified into three socioeconomic groups (low, middle and upper). The results showed no significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.025, p < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.032, p < 0.05) and heart rate (r =0.018, p < 0.05). The 95 percentile th blood pressure was found to be 130/91 mmHg. It was concluded that parental socioeconomic status has no significant effect on the cardiovascular parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, rate pressure product and pulse pressure) of primary school pupils in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Key words: Parental socioeconomic status, cardiovascular parameters, school pupils, blood pressure
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Factors that influence effective lesson planning among pre-school teachers in Homa Bay District in Nyanza Province, Kenya. - Kotonya, M. Nereah (2011)
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Factors influencing attitude of Diploma Teacher Trainees towards mathematics and science in Kenya - Kungania, Martin Mwenda (2011)
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Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct in Congenital Non-Syndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Egypt - Abou-Elew, Maha H.; El-Khousht, Mostafa; El-Minawi, Mohamed Sherif; Selim, Mona H.; Kamel, Ayman Ismail (Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2011)
To estimate the frequency of isolated enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) in patients with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in an Egyptian population sample and to correlate its size with the degree of hearing loss. The study group comprised 16 patients (32 ears) suffering from non-syndromic SNHL since childhood. After a complete basic audiological evaluation, all patients were submitted to non contrast CT scan of the petrous bone in both axial & coronal planes. Vestibular aqueduct (VA) was measured at two points (midpoint & operculum) on right & left sides. The study group was divided according to VA size into three groups: group A, B and C. Group A included 6 ears (4 patients) with EVA, group B included 11 ears (7 patients) with borderline EVA and group C included 15 ears (9 patients) with normal VA size. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups as regards laterality, degree of hearing loss and audiometric configuration. There was no correlation between VA midpoint & operculum and different variables (age and average pure tone thresholds). However, a significant correlation between VA midpoint & operculum was found. EVA was diagnosed in 6 out of 32 ears (18.75%) in the study sample. EVA size was not related to the degree of hearing loss or configuration. Despite the insignificant findings, moderate and high frequency sloping SNHL were considered the most common findings seen in patients with EVA.
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Non-formal Education Programmes and Poverty Reduction among Young Adults in Southern Senatorial District, Cross River State, Nigeria - Akpama, Simon Ibor; Esang, Obal Usang; Asor, Love Joseph; Osang, William Otu (Journal of educational and developmental psychology, 2011)
The study investigated the influence of non-formal education programmes on poverty reduction among young adults in southern senatorial district of Cross River State, Nigeria between 2000-2005.Three hypotheses were postulated and tested.Data were collected using the Poverty Reduction Inventory (PRI).The stratified random sampling technique was used based on location (Local Councils and existing political wards) to select four local government areas and forty local wards.From these local government areas and wards, simple random sampling technique was employed to select two local government areas and thirty wards from which three hundred (300) youths were selected as sample for the study.Data collected were analysed using analysis of variance and independent t-test analysis.Results obtained showed that acquisition of vocational skills lead to a significant reduction of poverty among young adults, and participants' age on skill acquisition programmes significantly, influenced poverty reduction.Similarly, the results revealed that there is no significant difference in poverty reduction between male and female youths.On the basis of these findings recommendations were made.
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Cameroon - Education for All-Fast Track Initiative : P116437 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 02 - Caillaud, Fadila (2011)
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Pursuing Excellence in a ‘World-Class African University’: The Mamdani Affair and the Politics of Global Higher Education - Kamola, Isaac (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2011)
Four years after the end of apartheid, the administrators of the University of Cape Town (UCT) suspended Mahmood Mamdani, then chair of the Centre of African Studies, from his teaching obligations because they deemed his course – ‘Problematizing Africa’ – too theoretically difficult for incoming students. The ensuing showdown between Mamdani and the university administration culminated in a spirited public debate over how to best ‘trans- form’ the historically segregated university to achieve racial integration. Less commented upon, however, is the fact that this debate coincided with UCT’s efforts to brand itself as a ‘World Class African University,’ attract greater funding from foreign institutions, privatise its campus services, and adopt National Qualifications Framework (NQF) standards. In other words, UCT – like many post-apartheid universities – was busy remaking itself into a ‘global’ university. Taken in this context, Mamdani’s argument for the importance of ‘teaching Africa in an African university’ takes on a new resonance. This article re-reads the 1998 curriculum debates as also a struggle for academic autonomy within a neoliberal university. Doing so offers the op- portunity to think about the political strategies of pedagogy, while pro- viding students and faculty a compelling model for how they might resist the neo-liberalisation of higher education within their own institutions.
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Factors contributing to drug abuse in some selected public secondary schools of Kiambu District, Kenya - Kiambuthi, Kenneth Njoroge (2011)
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Attitudes of secondary school students toward seeking counselling help: the case of Thika District, Kenya - Kibui, Francis Ndung'u (2011)
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Factors influencing adolescent precocity to sexual practice: a case study of secondary school students in Nairobi province, Kenya - Kimani, George (2011)
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Burkina Faso - Post-Primary Education : P098956 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 11 - Ouédraogo, Adama (2011)
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Chad - Education Sector Reform Project : P000527 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 21 - Cissé, Boubou (2011)
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Training needs analysis of lecturers for information and communication technology (ICT) skills enhancement in Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - M, Seyf-laye Alfa-Sika; Liu, Mingzhu; Djaneye-Boundjou, i; Liu, Fei; Kamaletdinova, Lyutsiya; Bawa, Moctar Limam; Chen, Honghan (African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011)
Groundwater quality in Beijing, China was evaluated by measuring the quantities of major and minor elements, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC). Most samples contained high concentrations of NO3– (5.13 to 164.0 mg/L), which is a serious water quality issue. This NO3– originates from the soil surface and enters the groundwater by infiltration. Factor analysis modeling demonstrated that NO3−, Cl−, SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the system are produced by anthropogenic sources, but a portion of the (Ca2+, Mg2+) comes from ion exchange and mineral dissolution. The strong correlation observed between NO3− and Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO42- suggests that they have the same origin. The parameters in Factors 1–3 reflected the importance of the acid-rain recharge of the aquifers in the area, anthropogenic impact and salinity, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group the wells into homogeneous zones for future monitoring of groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to identify key parameters that described the groundwater quality, characterize spatial variability of groundwater quality data and allow future groundwater quality control studies to be performed using a reduced number of measurements on a small number of sampling points, respectively. Key words: Groundwater, hydrochemica, multivariate statistical, nitrate, contamination.
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Anatomy education in Namibia: Balancing facility design and curriculum development - Wessels, Quenton; Vörster, Willie; Jacobson, Christian (Anatomical Sciences Education, 2011)
Abstract The anatomy curriculum at Namibia's first, and currently only, medical school is clinically oriented, outcome‐based, and includes all of the components of modern anatomical sciences i.e., histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, gross, and clinical anatomy. The design of the facilities and the equipment incorporated into these facilities were directed toward simplification of work flow and ease of use by faculty, staff, and students. From the onset, the integration of state of the art technology was pursued to facilitate teaching and promote a student‐centered pedagogical approach to dissections. The program, as realized, is comprised of three 16‐week semesters with seven hours of contact time per week, namely three hours of lectures and four hours of dissection laboratory and microscopy time. Set outcomes were established, each revolving around clinical cases with integrated medical imaging. The design of the facility itself was not constrained by a legacy structure, allowing the School of Medicine, in collaboration with architects and contractors, to design the building from scratch. A design was implemented that allows for the sequential processing of cadaveric material in a unidirectional flow from reception, to preparation, embalming, storage, dissection, and maceration. Importantly, the odor of formaldehyde typically associated with anatomy facilities was eliminated outside of the dissection areas and minimized within via a high‐performance ventilation system. By holistically incorporating an integrated curriculum, facility design, and teaching at an early stage, the authors believe they have created a system that might serve as a model for new anatomy programs. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
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* Some Nigeria Students' Performance in Practical and Theoretical Chemistry Tests as Predictors of their Performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry Examinations - Achor, Emmanuel Edoja; Agogo, Peter Ogbu; Orokpo, Christopher A. (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
This study adopted the expost facto design in which the results of some Nigeria practical knowledge of Chemistry and their tests of theoretical knowledge of Chemistry were used to predict their performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry. The Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) is a terminal examination while the internal or State qualifying examination set after the pattern of SSCE is called MOCK-SSCE. Out of 33 schools in Ogbadibo LGA of Benue State Nigeria, only 15 schools met the requirements for selection as a science secondary school. Eight of these schools with a science student population of 128 were randomly selected and used as sample for this study. The instruments used for this study were the alternative to test of practical knowledge of Chemistry (SATPKC) and the tests of theoretical knowledge of Chemistry (STTKC). These instruments developed by the researchers had reliabilities of 0.94 using Kuder Richardson (K-R21) for SATPKC and .89 for STTKC. Using multiple regression analysis the result shows that performance in a test of theoretical knowledge in Chemistry does not significantly predict their performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry theory examination. SATPKC could not significantly predict MOCK-SSCE mean practical scores. The over all relationship between SATPKC, MOCK-SSCE practical and MOCK-SSCE theory was not significant (F2, 127 =1.644, p> .05). STTKC could not significantly predict mean MOCK-SSCE practical examination scores. Similarly, the overall relationship between STTKC, MOCK-SSCE practical and MOCK-SSCE theory mean scores was not significant (F2, 127 = .177, p> .05). It was recommended that Principals of schools should ensure that science students carry out their lesson on practical weekly and at the same time relating it to theory as it will go a long way to enhance their performance during practical test. Similarly, school Principals and science teachers should ensure that theoretical aspect of Chemistry should be handled with all seriousness since it is as important as the practical aspect also.
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Estimating the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Low-Income Countries: Household Level Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia - Falco, Salvatore Di; Yesuf, Mahmud; Köhlin, Gunnar; Ringler, Claudia (Environmental and Resource Economics, 2011)
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Education Program Evaluation at Multiple Primate Sanctuaries in Equatorial Africa - Kuhar, Christopher W.; Bettinger, Tamara L.; Lehnhardt, Kathy; Cartwright, Barb; Cress, Doug (International Journal of Primatology, 2011)
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Teaching African American Mysticism - Bostic, Joy R. (2011)
Epistemological theories that speak to how we know what we know are critical theories to interrogate when teaching about mysticism from the perspectives of marginalized groups. It is our epistemological bearings that help us to determine what we deem to be “legitimate” mystical experience. This chapter, which describes a course on African American mysticism, begins with an exploration of how mysticism has been historically defined in Western culture and the ways in which issues of power, race, and gender have factored into these definitions. Against this backdrop, the course gives special attention to how African Americans have viewed mystical experience, as well as the epistemological frameworks that have informed their views. These frameworks provide a lens through which we can better understand the complexity of African American mystical traditions. The course uses narrative, film, music, and field trips as pedagogical tools that can enable students to enter into and engage these traditions.
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UTME and POST-UTME as Predictors of Students’ Academic Performance in Chemistry in Nigerian Universities - Kolawole, E. B.; Oginni, I. O.; Fayomi, E. O. (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The paper examined Universal Tertiary Matriculation Examination UTME and Post Universal Tertiary Matriculation Examination POST-UTME as predictors of students’ academic performance in chemistry in Nigerian universities. It also found out the relationship and effectiveness of UTME and post UTME results in predicting chemistry students’ academic performance in universities. Ex-post facto design was adopted, since the data collected were already available without any manipulations. The instruments for the study were obtain from the records of UTME and post – UTME scores of chemistry students admitted during 2004-2005/2005-2006/2006-2007 academic session, This record contained all the cumulative grade points average (CGPA) of all the sampled students in chemistry. The findings revealed that there was very low significant relationship between the UTME scores and all levels CGPA in chemistry. Recommendations was therefore made that the improvement in the capacity building particularly Post UTME should continue to serve as moderation yardstick for possible errors committed requirement to the university.
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Mapping and Analyzing the Volcano-Petrology and Tectono-Seismicity Characteristics Along the Syrian Rift – NW the Arabian Plate - Ahmad, Bilal (2011)
The European and African continents are crossed by several N-S-trending rifts, all together major structural features at world scale. They include, from North to South, firstly the Oslo Permian rift (Norway), continued by the Neogene fracture system of Central-Southern Germany (Eifel, Rhine Graben), then the rift system of French massif Central and Rhone valley, ending finally with the great African rift, the major structure of this continent. These major crustal fractures, extending down in the underlying mantle, have been active at different times, while always keeping the same approximate N-S direction. Periods of major activity are marked by extensive volcanism, with a distinct tendency to show younger ages southwards: Permian in Norway, Neogene in Germany, Neogene to subactual in France, actual (present-day) in Africa. These ages correspond mainly to the initial stage of riftforming, whereas more ancient accidents (e.g. Norway) could repeatedly play again, at each phase of crustal extension. In direct continuity with the Dead Sea Fault, the Syrian rift links the rigid Arabian plate to the mobile ophiolite belt of Cyprus and Southern Turkey (Juteau 1974, Parrot 1977). It plays a very important role in the regional geodynamic structure. Its exact position, as well as the related fracture system, has been documented from the analysis of complete aerial photo coverage of the whole Syrian territory (Bilal and Ammar 2004). Many partial works on the different aspects of this area: tectonics, geodynamics, volcanism, crustal and mantle rocks, and seismicity have been done. But a global synthetic on these aspects are given in this research, using new data in field and laboratory. The results either of my team at Damascus university, or either those of the scientific cooperation projects, from 1998 till now, with the teams of colleagues from the French universities: professors Jean Chorowicz, and Albert Jambon, from Pierre and Marie Curie university; professor Phillipe Huchon, from Ecole Normal Superior of Paris; professor Jacques Touret, from Ecole des Mines of Paris, and professor Jean Ives Cottin from the university Jean Monnet of SaintEtienne. In addition to international works indicated in the references list. While the global work, at the macroscale, has been achieved, it still more works to do at the micro –scale: the detailed composition variations of the volcanic rocks, and their geologic process indication; the liaison between the different tectonic unities, and theirs liaison with the regional geotectonic; and the microseismic zonation in the country.
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Socio-Cultural and Economic Factors Affecting Primary Education of Maasai Girls in Loitokitok District, Kenya - Anastasia, Nkoyiai; Teklemariam, Amanuel Abraha (Western journal of black studies, 2011)
Background of the Problem United Nations (1993) and Children's Act (2001) recognize that education is a basic human right that every child must enjoy. Kenya is a signatory to these and other international conventions. The International Convention on Human Rights (1948), Article 26 (1) as well states that everyone has the right to education and that education shall be free at least in the primary stages. Further, it declares that primary education shall be compulsory. Evaluation of Education Achievements (IEA), shows a gender gap in favor of boys in many Western and Eastern Europe, Asian and North American countries (Comber and Keeves, 1973; Keeves and Kottee, 1999). A survey of this magnitude has not been conducted in African countries though studies done in Kenya by Eshiwani (1984) and Kinyanjui (1993); in Nigeria by Jegede (1996); in South Africa by Trusco (1994); in Uganda and Tanzania by Mbilinyi (1985) showed that there are gender disparities in educational opportunities and achievements, with females being disadvantaged. However, the education of girls and women is seen as essential to achieve equitable development. Mwiria (1997) pointed out five compelling reasons for investing in the education of women. First, literate women are more likely than illiterate ones to promote the education of their children. Second, it ensures gender equity as educated women have more access to formal employment than their illiterate counterparts. Third, educated women serve as role models for their children and girls in general, thus enhancing the latter's chances of enrolling in school. Fourth, educated women add to the pool of human resources available to nations confronting the difficult challenges related to environmental degradation, ignorance and disease. Fifth, increasing female literacy by 10% has the potential to lower infant mortality by the same percentage or more. According to Schultz (1961), education of women has more social returns than that of males. Similarly, the Forum for Africa Women Educationists (1998) notes that the total benefits of education multiply where there is increased female participation in schooling. Kenya's educational policy on girl's education has been spelt out in several documents, including development plans, commission reports, working party reports, and session papers (Yildiz, 2000). All these documents emphasize the primary goals of education. Moreover, the dispersed nomadic lifestyle of some ethnic groups within the country was seen to be a major obstacle in the provision of equal opportunities of education to all Kenyans. In 1973, a presidential decree abolished tuition fees for pupils in classes one to four throughout the republic. In 1998, another presidential decree abolished fees in primary schools in all classes and for all public schools in the republic. The decrees altogether resulted in significant enrolment in primary education, it took the country much closer to achieving universal primary education (Ibid). In January 2003, primary education was declared free for all implying that the government of Kenya would directly incur the cost of education. There was a massive increase in enrolment from 6.2 million to 7.4 million. However, it is estimated that approximately 3.3 million children within ages 6 to 14 are still out of school (UNESCO, 2003). Eliminating fees is not enough; more needs to be done to keep poor children and orphans in school, especially the female students. The policy framework for Education, Training and Research Session Paper No. 1 (2005) sets specific objectives for education. The following three are relevant to Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASAL) like that of Loitokitok: * To ensure that all children including girls, children in difficult circumstances and those from marginalized groups have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education by 2010. * To ensure that learning needs of all children are met by 2015. …
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What the U.S. Could Learn from South Africa about Education and Social Justice - Books, Sue; Ndlalane, Thembi (Educational Foundations, 2011)
Educational policy and practice has resided and continues reside at the vortex of social and political strife in South Africa, as in the United States. The political foundations of education in South Africa were perhaps never more evident than in 1976 when students in Soweto rebelled against the National Party's declaration that Afrikaans would become the language of instruction for mathematics and social studies in Black high schools. That rebellion helped undermine the apartheid regime, which finally lost the African National Congress (ANC) 18 years later. One of the Nationalist government's greatest failures, education, arguably is now one of the ANC's greatest challenges (van Schalkwyk, 1998). During Sue's six-month stay in Pretoria in the summer and fall of 2007, she and Thembi talked with 29 teachers working in a range of demographically and economically diverse schools across South Africa. (1) Asked about their aims and objectives as educators, the teachers overall expressed support for the momentous transformation in which South Africa is engaged. Yet this desire was tempered by anxieties among many of the White teachers about the implementation of a national curriculum and teaching philosophy that many seemingly do not fully understand or like, and by frustrations among many of the Black teachers with the slow pace of redress and broader social change. Almost all of the Black teachers shared cries for concrete help: Schools need more resources, classes are overcrowded, basic school infrastructure is missing, startling numbers of children have lost their parents HIV and AIDS and are now caring for themselves and their siblings, primary school students are targeted by drug dealers, and so on. As a teacher in a rural school in the province of Mpumalanga put it, don't feel the change. We now have democracy, but we're still in the same schools. We still have the same families, the same parents who are still poor. Although the sample of teachers is clearly too small reach definitive conclusions, the teachers' comments suggest a philosophical divide within the education profession that has important implications–both as a report card on the educational reforms that have been made in South Africa, especially with respect funding, and with respect educational reform in other countries, including the U.S. Holding up South Africa as a mirror, we see more clearly a schism within the profession of education in the U.S.–a schism born of differential access the culture of power and a silenced dialog about its educational significance (Delpit, 1988). Although school poverty and inequities among schools in the U.S. pale in comparison conditions in South Africa, the two nations have much in common, including histories of state-sanctioned segregation in schooling as well as halting efforts refashion those systems without undermining structures of advantage (Ball, 2006; Russo, Beckmann, & Jansen, 2005). Our purpose in this article, however, is not compare U.S. and South African teachers' views of educational reform, but rather consider the broader significance of the South African teachers' experience of educational reform–specifically, lessons U.S. policymakers might learn from these teachers about education and social justice. As a context for exploration of the teachers' comments about their aims as educators, the sections that follow offer a brief overview of the political and historical circumstances of schooling in South Africa and a short discussion of the theoretical foundations and methodology of the study. The article concludes with discussion of the significance of the teachers' comments for those seeking educational reform that leans towards social justice. Schooling in South Africa The Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) affirms the right to a basic education, including adult basic education, and further education, which the state, through reasonable measures, must make progressively available and accessible [Section 29(1)(a)]. …
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Gender Perception and Attitude Towards E-Learning: A Case of Business Students, University of Nigeria - Egbo, Obiamaka P.; Okoyeuzu, Chinwe; Ifeanacho, Ikechukwu C.; Onwumere, Josaphat Uchechukwu Joe (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
Evaluating students' perception on gender basis toward e-learning is important for successful development of e-learning in higher education, since attitude of user towards application of information technology is one of the most effective factors. The main aim of this research study is to clearly understand and measure students' attitudes and perceptions towards the effectiveness and acceptance of e-learning. In this paper, data from a survey of four hundred and fifteen undergraduate students at the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus about their attitude and perception to the use of e-learning in teaching, learning and research was analysed. A descriptive-correlation survey approach was used. Students (n = 415) filled in a web-based closed-question questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS. Questionnaires received were analyzed putting the students' perceptions in relation to gender, age, knowledge of computers, and attitudes to advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. Results showed that: majority of the students (respondents) were exposed to computer use prior to the adoption of e-learning; there is the tendency that female students would accept ICT use more than their male counterparts; and finally, their perception on the e-learning components as used in the research has an average rating.
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An Evaluation of Cooperative Training in Ethiopia Cooperative Agency - Haile, Biruk (2011)
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Social Learning Among Congo Basin Hunter–Gatherers* - Hewlett, Barry S.; Fouts, Hillary N.; Boyette, Adam H.; Hewlett, Bonnie L. (2011)
This chapter explores childhood social learning among Aka and Bofi hunter–gatherers in Central Africa. Existing literature suggests that hunter– gatherer social learning is primarily vertical (parent-to-child) and that teaching is rare. We use behavioural observations, open-ended and semi-structured interviews, and informal and anecdotal observations to examine the modes (e.g. vertical versus horizontal/oblique) and processes (e.g. teaching versus observation and imitation) of cultural transmission. Cultural and demographic contexts of social learning associated with the modes and processes of cultural transmission are described. Hunter–gatherer social learning occurred early, was relatively rapid, primarily vertical under age 5 and oblique and horizontal between the ages of 6 and 12. Pedagogy and other forms of teaching existed as early as 12 months of age, but were relatively infrequent by comparison to other processes of social learning such as observation and imitation.
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The impact of vocational training for rural development in Nyambene District (Kenya): a case study of Muthara Youth Polytechnic - Ibuathu, Charles Njati (2011)
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Improving maternal mortality at a university teaching hospital in Nnewi, Nigeria - Igwegbe, AO; Eleje, George Uchenna; Ugboaja, JO; Ofiaeli, R O (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2011)
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the introduction of the Service Compact with all Nigerians (SERVICOM) contract on maternal health at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria. Methods A retrospective and comparative study of maternal deaths between 2004 and 2010 was carried out. The main outcome measures were yearly maternal mortality ratio (MMR), relative risk (RR) of maternal mortality, and presentation–intervention interval. The yearly MMR and the RR of maternal mortality were compared with the figures from 2004, which represented the pre‐SERVICOM era. Results There were 4916 live births and 54 maternal deaths during the study period, giving an MMR of 1098 per 100 000 live births. Pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia was the most common direct cause (25.0%), followed by hemorrhage (18.8%) and sepsis (8.3%). Anemia (12.5%) was the most common indirect cause. There was a progressive reduction in MMR and RR of maternal mortality, with a corresponding increase in live births. The presentation–intervention interval improved significantly from 2006. Conclusion A positive change in the attitude of health workers and the elimination of fee‐for‐service in emergency obstetric care would reduce type 3 delays in public health facilities, and consequently reduce maternal mortality.
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The role of Kenya education staff institute in effective training of heads of secondary schools - Kagiri, Sammy Ndung'u (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 89p.The LB 1755 .K4K3 2005
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Evaluation of planning and managenent of distance education : a case of Kenya Institute of Special Education - Keta, Eunice Atieno (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 96p. The LC 5808.K47 2007
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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MOROCCAN NUTRITIONAL TRANSITION: THE ROLE OF PARENTAL EDUCATION - López, Pilar; Anzid, Karim; Cherkaoui, Mohamed; Baali, Abdellatif; López, Santiago Rodríguez (Journal of Biosocial Science, 2011)
Summary In Morocco, the beginning of the nutritional transition is closely linked to social and economic transformations and changes in behaviour and traditional lifestyles. The objective of this study is to describe the current pattern of food consumption and the nutritional status of adolescents in the province of Ouarzazate and its association with parents' educational level. The sample comprises 327 high school students from Ouarzazate: 135 (41.3%) boys and 192 (58.7%) girls (age range 15–20 years). For both boys and girls, the results show lower height and BMI z -scores than the WHO reference values. Adolescents whose parents have a low educational level have lower height/age and BMI/age z -scores than those whose fathers have a high educational level. No differences are observed in total daily energy intake depending on fathers' educational level, but the energy provided by lipids is higher in adolescents whose fathers have a high educational background. The quality of fats consumed (MUFA+PUFA/SFA) is better among those boys whose fathers have low education, but no differences are observed for girls. The process of nutritional transition is not uniform in the sample, but depends on the socioeconomic characteristics of population groups, which include, among others, accessibility of certain food, differences in habits and lifestyles related to energy expenditure, and higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in more favoured groups.
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The Holocene sedimentary and pyroclastic accumulations of two crater lakes (Mbalang,Tizong) of the volcanic plateau of Adamawa (Cameroon): Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction - Ngos, Simon; Giresse, Pierre (The Holocene, 2011)
This paper presents the results from field observations, geochemical and mineralogical analyses, radiocarbon dating and magnetic susceptibility of the Holocene sediments of two crater lakes, Mbalang and Tizong, located within the woody savanna of the Adamawa Plateau (Cameroon). In the Mbalang core (M4) with an age of 7318 cal. BP at the base, the first 2000 years record indicates a relatively wet climate deduced from the recurrence of quartz-rich sandy microbeds. The next millennia are marked by a monotonous sedimentation interpreted as a relatively dry phase. The accumulation rate falls from 1.00–1.40 to 0.70 mm/yr in the last 100 years. The base of the Tizong core (T2) is dated to 4105 cal. BP. The sedimentation is frequently interrupted by interstratifications of pyroclastic beds from c. 3263 to 1391 cal. BP, well evidenced by their high magnetic susceptibility values. The high accumulation rate (1.58 mm/yr) integrates both allochthonous volcanic ashes and autochthonous intense proliferation of Chlorophyceaea. The Ngaoundere region, in the southern forest region, reveals a humid phase between c. 7943 and 5603 cal. BP. The later long-lasting dry tendency makes it difficult to particularly distinguish the c. 3210–1945 cal. BP dry periods recorded in the forest region of Cameroon. Nevertheless, signs from Mbalang pollens and Tizong waters bear witness to an important drying tendency during this period. In Lake Chad, after the successive highest lake levels recorded between c. 8500 and 6300 cal. BP, the level of this lake was declining for the last three millennia.
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Dynamic Capacity Development: What Africa Can Learn from Industrial Policy Formulation in East Asia - Ohno, Izumi; Ohno, Kenichi (2011)
Abstract The essence of East Asian development experience should be sought in the methodology of policy formulation rather than individual policy measures whose applicability differs greatly across countries. East Asia approaches development as a joint process of political and economic factors. Policy formulation in East Asia is characterized by real-sector pragmatism, goal orientation, and aspiration for building the country's unique strength rather than removing general negatives. The problem of weak policy capability is overcome through focused hands-on endeavor to achieve concrete objectives, which we call dynamic capacity development, rather than trying to improve governance scores generally vis-à-vis the global standard. These features are sharply distinct from the dominant development thinking of Western donors which emphasize good governance and an early adoption of policies and institutions that copy international best practices. Examples of dynamic capacity development are presented, and four entry points for bringing this methodology to Africa are suggested.
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Effects Of Problem-Solving Method On Secondary School Students Achievement And Retention In Social Studies, In Ekiti State, Nigeria - Abdu-Raheem, Bilqees Olayinka (Journal of international education research (Print), 2011)
This study investigated the effects of problem-solving method of teaching on secondary school students achievement and retention in Social Studies. The study adopted the quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, control group design. The sample for the study consisted of 240 Junior Secondary School Class II students randomly selected from six secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The instrument used for the study is the Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT) designed and validated by the researcher. Section A of the instrument consisted of the bio-data of the respondents while section B was made up of 40 multiple-choice items designed to measure the students achievement and retention in Social Studies. Four hypotheses were raised and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data were analyzed using t-test and ANCOVA statistical tools. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the achievement mean scores of students in the experimental and control groups. There is a significant difference between the pre-test mean scores and achievement mean scores of students in the experimental and control groups. There is a significant difference between the retention mean scores of students in the experimental and control groups. There is a significant difference between the achievement mean scores and the retention mean scores of students in the experimental and control groups. It was discovered in the study that problem-solving method is more effective than conventional lecture method in improving students achievement in Social Studies. It was therefore recommended that teachers should be innovative in handling their lessons by relating them to the day-to-day life of students in such a way that the students will be challenged to put the lessons to practice as much as possible. Government should also emphasize the use of problem-solving method to teach Social Studies in secondary schools.
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Maternal education and child nutritional status in the Democratic Republic of Congo - EMINA, Jacques Be-Ofuriyua (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2011)
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Maternal education and child nutritional status in the Democratic Republic of Congo - Emina, Jacques; Ngianga-Bakwin, Kandala; Ala; Inungu, Joseph; Ye, Yazoumé (2011)
Using data from the 2001 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, this study examines association between maternal education and child nutritional status in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyses are based on chi-square tests and logit generalized estimating equations. The results showed that maternal education difference in child nutritional status depends on the nutritional status indicator used. Maternal education is associated with lower prevalence of simultaneous multiple-malnutrition. In contrast, the prevalence of single malnutrition indicators “stunting only” or “wasting only” is higher among children whose mother has secondary education or higher. However, depending on the indicator, the association disappears or appears only after controlling for the province of residence. Therefore, any study on the determinants of children nutritional status should be based on a clearly defined nutritional indicator. In addition, only national policies integrating education, access to food and use of health service are pivotal to improve child health and nutrition. Key words: Nutritional status, under-five children, maternal education, Democratic Republic of Congo, socioeconomic factors, conflict affected area.
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Deliberate strategy and the tangible link to performance: Lessons from South African higher education - Garnett, A.; Bevan-Dye, Ayesha Lian; Klerk, Natasha De (African Journal of Business Management, 2011)
The notion of deliberate versus emergent strategy has long been debated. However, researchers have failed to show which method will bring about an increase in organisational performance, which is the bottom line for business organizations. The study proposes that higher education institutions (HEIs) can be regarded as businesses, and thus, also have to be concerned about their performance within competitive environments. Using a quantitative methodology, we set out to explore the environments in four public HEIs in South Africa and sought information on their use of deliberate strategy. The study then compared their use of strategy with their performance (determined by their research outputs – an inarguable measure of performance in the current South African higher education landscape). The paper further compared two types of HEIs in South Africa, namely traditional universities and universities of technology. Statistical significance testing was done to determine mean differences between the various groups. The paper found that with regard to deliberate strategic management processes deployed, there were no significant differences between the types of institution. However, a significant finding was that more deliberate use of strategic management was likely to result in higher research outputs in HEIs. The article concludes with recommendations to policy makers regarding their strategic management directives. Key words: Deliberate, emergent strategy, performance, higher education institutions.
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Problems of pregnant teenage students and their guidance and counselling needs in Mwea secondary schools, Kirinyaga District, Kenya - Gicheru, Margaret Watiri (2011)
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Relationship between form four students' achievement motivation, self-efficacy and mathematics performance in Nyandarua District, Kenya - Gitau, M. Mugure (2011)
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Becoming Women School Leaders in Kenya: Challenges and Possibilities - Rarieya, Jane F. A. (Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 2011)
Although gender equality in education is an important policy issue in Kenya today, educational leadership remains a male preserve. Women headteachers have received minimal attention and very little is known about their experiences. The article presents findings of a study that examines the lives of women heads of schools in Kenya as well as their experiences of becoming and being school leaders. Using life history interviews, observations, focus group interviews and document analysis, it determines the implications of these experiences for fostering gender equality in schools. The article ends by centering issues of access, quality and equality in education, and how these can be addressed, with regard to school leadership.
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Library guides / Biblioteekgidse. School of Accountancy. Africa sources. - Tymbios, Hanlie Strydom Carine (2011)
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Green schools planned in Gaza - Wadvalla, Bibi-Aisha (Nature Middle East, 2011)
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The portrait of a secondary school student in a contemporary Kenyan Television drama: A study of Tahidi High - Wesonga, O. Robert (2011)
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Factors affecting implementation of inclusive education for children with special needs in primary schools in Mathioya Division, Muranga District, Kenya - Burugu, Peter Kamuri (2011)
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A comparative study of factors that influence academic achievement of students in boarding and day secondary schools of Kericho district, Kenya - Cheruiyot, Lilly Chepkemoi (2011)
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Readability of HIV and AIDS printed materials used by students in Kenyan Secondary Schools: a study of Nairobi Province - Ego, Rose Jepkorir (2011)
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Academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria - the need for health education. - Ekpenyong, Christopher E.; Davis, Kelcie; Akpan, U. P.; Daniel, Nyebuk E. (PubMed, 2011)
The aim of this study was to determine the association between academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety-three (393) female students of the University of Uyo, ages between 16 and 35 years were randomly selected from different departments in the University, and studied during the 2009/2010 academic session. Menstrual history and Student's Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SSAQ) were used for this assessment. They were distributed for participants to fill out. Prevalence of menstrual disorder among participants was 34.6%. A direct association between menstrual disorder and academic stress was observed. Commonest menstrual disorder was menorrhagia (37.5%). Others were: Pre-menstrual Syndrome (PMS 33.1%), Oligomenorrhea 19.9% and amenorrhea 5.9% (P<0.05). Those who experienced academic stress had about 2 times chances of having menstrual disorders (OR : 2.0, C.I = 1.224-2.837) at P<0.05. This study demonstrated a significant association between academic stress and menstrual disorder among females undergraduate in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria.
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Gender disparities in the flow of pupils in public primary schools in Teso District, Western Province, Kenya - Emong'ole, Akijakin Lawrence (2011)
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Financing special needs education in the context of free primary education: a study of puplic schools in Bugoma district, Kenya - Epari, Charles Ejakait (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 110p. The LC 4069.3.E6 2005
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Factors contributing to educational wastage in public and private secondary schools in Municipality Division, Nyeri District, Central Province, Kenya - Gachungi, James Muriithi (2011)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies,90p. :ill The LC 146.8.K4.G3 2005
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Benin - Education For All-Fast Track Initiative Program : P110576 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 09 - Gbaye, Hyacinthe (2011)
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Benin - Education For All-Fast Track Initiative Program : P110576 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 09 - Gbaye, Yacinthe (2011)
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Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution in Soil and Plant in the Industrial Area, West ALGERIA - Kebir, Tahar; Keltoum, Bouhadjera (Journal of The Korean Chemical Society, 2011)
Alzinc is a ursine situated in the Ghazaouet town western part of the republic of Algeria.The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of contamination which soil and plants are burdened with some heavy metals: Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe and As, then the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and plant adjacent of area the alzinc ursine was detected and the interdependence of pollution among all three regions of the environment determined .This paper analyzes the heavy metal contents within a 2-years period in the soil and plants at the beginning of the vegetation period.The presence of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe and As, in the samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES).Measurements of heavy metal contents were performed at three locations in soil and vegetative parts of three-plant types (plant alimentary) period during summer.The plant samples from the immediate environment of the dumpsite were highly contaminated with Zn, Cd and Mn.Three plants species: grape, artichoke and pepper, particularly, grape met some of the conditions to be classified as accumulators for Zn, Cu, Cd and Fe, consequently, she revealed a health risk for human and livestock due to the spread of the metal pollution from waste dumpsites to agricultural areas.
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Studies on Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Secondary School Students in North-central, Nigeria - Ndako, James A.; Nwankiti, Obinna O.; Echeonwu, Gon; Junaid, Surajudeen A.; Anaele, Onyeka; Anthony, Tiri J (2011)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection is one of the major global public health problems, with its attendant risks especially among the young adults. This study was therefore carried out to assess the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among students of a secondary school in Jagindi Tasha, Kaduna State, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety (190) apparently healthy students were screened and sera samples obtained were separated and analysed for HBsAg using a commercially available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-based kit (Dialab). Information was obtained for risk factors using structured questionnaire. Out of the 190 samples screened, 35 (18.4%) were sero-positive. Subjects aged 13-15 years recorded 6.8% positivity (x2 = 1.084; p>0.05) and male subjects had 25.5% positivity compared to 10.9% positivity for females (x2 = 6.768; p<0.05). Risk factors such as blood transfusion was 32.0% among male subjects compared to 30.0% in females (x2 =18.07; p-value = 0.113). Furthermore, alcoholic consumption, the predominant lifestyle of the youths in this community was 20.0% among male subjects as compared to none in females. Unfortunately, the prevalence of HBV appears high among the studied population. This suggests that public awareness on the virus be accorded urgent attention, while vaccination programme should be improved in the community.
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An observational survey of child car safety practices in private pre-primary and primary schools in two local government areas of Lagos State, Nigeria - Olufunlayo, Tolulope F.; Odeyemi, KA; Ogunnowo, Babatunde; Onajole, AT; Oyediran, Muriel A. (Injury Prevention, 2011)
Objective To describe child car safety practices among children aged 0–8 years. Eight schools from two local government areas (LGAs) were selected by simple random sampling. Passenger cars were observed for child seating position and restraint use at each selected school as children were being dropped off in the morning. Results Observed child restraint use was very low, as was the rate of appropriate restraint for age (10.8% and 4.2%, respectively, in Eti-Osa, and 7.0% and 1.8% in Ikeja). Child restraint use decreased with increasing age group from 25% in those below 1 year, to 12% in those aged 1–3 years, and 7.4% in those aged 4–8 years. A large proportion of restrained passengers were inappropriately restrained in a seatbelt alone. Front seating among observed child passengers was not as high as in studies from similar environments (9.4% and 17.5% in Eti-Osa and Ikeja, respectively). Factors associated with child restraint use were number of child passengers in car, and whether or not the driver wore a seatbelt. Seating position of the child was significantly associated with the relationship of the driver to the child, and driver9s gender. Conclusion The level of child restraint use observed in this study is unacceptably low. The relatively low prevalence of front seating while riding in cars should however be further reduced. The study recommends the enactment of specific country legislation on the use of child restraints, accompanied by multifaceted intervention programmes to improve the availability and use of child car safety seats and booster seats.
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Citizenship Education and Curriculum Development in Nigeria - Oluniyi, Oyeleke (JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 2011)
The article highlights the evolutionary trends of citizenship education in Nigeria. The 1914 British amalgamation of erstwhile Northern and Southern Protectorates gave birth to Nigeria as a state. The disparage ethnic composition of the new state, especially after independence, necessitated finding a common ground to promote committed citizens, against primordial ethnic cleavages and indigenization. It is not therefore surprising that the role of education in fostering national citizenship and consciousness was emphasized. Initially, social studies was used as a curriculum framework, until lately when a new subject, civics, was created in primary and junior secondary schools. The author considers the historical, cultural and political context underlining these curricular changes and identifies the current and future challenges face by the implementation of Civics curricular in Nigerian schools.
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Analysis of factors affecting achievement and enrolment in Christian Religious education in selected public secondary schools in Tiriki West Division of Vihiga District -Kenya - Amugune, A. Aggrey (2011)
A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the, Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in Curriculum Studies Kenyatta University, August 2005
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Examining the Relational Processes of a Highly Successful Teacher of African American Children - Cholewa, Blaire; Amatea, Ellen S.; West-Olatunji, Cirecie; Wright, A. Dickson (Urban Education, 2011)
Culturally responsive educational practices have arisen as effective means of increasing culturally diverse students’ academic achievement and psychological well-being; however, the relational processes involved are not well understood. Using grounded theory, this study examines the relational processes of one culturally responsive teacher and her fifth grade African American students. A dimension that emerged from the data was emotional connectedness. It includes the connective interactions between the teacher and student, the connective interactions between the teacher and the whole class, and teacher transparency and joining. Rich descriptions of each theme are provided as well as implications for teacher practice and preparation.
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Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (Concept Stage) - West Bank Gaza: Education-to-Work Transition - P129861 - Cuadra, Ernesto P. (2011)
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Impact of climate change on risk of incursion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in livestock in Europe through migratory birds - Gale, P.; Stephenson, Ben; Brouwer, Adam; Martínez, María José Martínez; Torre, Ana de la; Bosch, Jaime; Foley-Fisher, M.; Bonilauri, Paolo; Lindström, Åke; Ulrich, Rainer G.; Vos, C.J. de; Scremin, M.; et al. (Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2011)
To predict the risk of incursion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in livestock in Europe introduced through immature Hyalomma marginatum ticks on migratory birds under current conditions and in the decade 2075-2084 under a climate-change scenario.A spatial risk map of Europe comprising 14 282 grid cells (25 × 25 km) was constructed using three data sources: (i) ranges and abundances of four species of bird which migrate from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe each spring, namely Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis) and Common quail (Coturnix coturnix); (ii) UK Met Office HadRM3 spring temperatures for prediction of moulting success of immature H. marginatum ticks and (iii) livestock densities. On average, the number of grid cells in Europe predicted to have at least one CCHFV incursion in livestock in spring was 1·04 per year for the decade 2005-2014 and 1·03 per year for the decade 2075-2084. In general with the assumed climate-change scenario, the risk increased in northern Europe but decreased in central and southern Europe, although there is considerable local variation in the trends.The absolute risk of incursion of CCHFV in livestock through ticks introduced by four abundant species of migratory bird (totalling 120 million individual birds) is very low. Climate change has opposing effects, increasing the success of the moult of the nymphal ticks into adults but decreasing the projected abundance of birds by 34% in this model.For Europe, climate change is not predicted to increase the overall risk of incursion of CCHFV in livestock through infected ticks introduced by these four migratory bird species.
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Inclusive Education in Kenya: Perspectives of Special Educators - Oyugi, Lilyann (2011)
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Climate change and implications for sustainable senior secondary school (SSS) geography curriculum in Nigeria - Aderogba, Kofo (Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2011)
Teaching and learning about the subject, Geography, need to take cognizance of global warming and climate change. The objective of this work is to look into the current syllabus of the SSS geography and identify for attention, modules, topics and other items that must change in the face of global warming. The SSS geography syllabuses were reviewed and so also the texts and other materials used for teaching and learning about Geography. Subject teachers and examiners were interviewed on the scope, content and what have been affected by the climate change in the physical environment. Climate elements, vegetation, ecosystems and niches, agricultural practices, crop yields, rivers and their seasonality behaviour, animal rearing and management, human behaviour and others call for attention in the syllabuses. There are some radical departures in details found in texts and examined, and the actual. The syllabuses must identify with those salient aspects of the subject whose specific content need to be modified and/or changed and adjusted for sustainable SSS geography syllabus. Elaborate environmental education is suggested. Key words: Climate change, senior secondary school geography, sustainable curriculum, Nigeria.
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Assessing the impact of a school‐based water treatment, hygiene and sanitation programme on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster‐randomized trial - Freeman, Matthew C.; Greene, Leslie E.; Dreibelbis, Robert; Saboori, Shadi; Muga, Richard; Brumback, Babette; Rheingans, Richard (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2011)
There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008.Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT & HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up.We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21-1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention.School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings.
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PREPARING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS TO INTEGRATE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE COLLEGES OF EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF GHANA - Kojo, Abreh Might (international journal of research in computer application & management, 2011)
Stock prices fluctuate widely in the market. The stock prices are determined by the supply of and demand for securities. It is very difficult to predict stock market behavior. It is driven by media news, corporate announcements and emotions of people. It can influence the price in either direction by up and down, Positive or upward trends are considered as bull markets; negative or down ward trends are referred to as bear markets. Technical analysis is useful for predicting the short- term price movements of stocks through various technical indicators. This paper attempts to study the short term price fluctuations through the use of Relative Strength Index, Rate of Change, Breadth of the Market, charts and quantitative techniques without considering the company's financial prospects. The technical analysis has been done for Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda, which helps the investors to make short term investment decision .The Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda scripts price movements were compared with NSE index to facilitate benchmarking comparison.. The analysis has been done for the period of 4 months to study the short term period price fluctuations. The chart makes it easier for the investor to analyze correctly the technical position of stock. It also analyzes the advances and declines that have occurred in the stock market by comparing NSE as a bench marking technique. The researcher has made an attempt to emphasize the technical strength and weakness of Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda scripts through various technical indicators. KEYWORDS Charts, Public sector Bank, Investors, Short-term price fluctuation, Technical analysis. INTRODUCTION echnical analysis is the study of market price movement, primarily through the use of charts, for the purpose of forecasting future price trends”. Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity. Just as there are many investment styles on the fundamental side, there are also many different types of technical traders. Some rely on chart patterns; others use technical indicators and oscillators, and most use some combination of the two. In any case, technical analysts' exclusive use of historical price and volume data is what separates them from their fundamental counterparts. Technical analysis is based on historical data, but the limitation is that the past is not always an indication of future results, calling into question the validity of technical analysis. The short term investment decision based on technical analysis may not be give correct result because technical analysis is subjective and cannot be used to make consistent decision. Signals that indicate action in technical analysis may change over a period of time. CHART PATTERNS IS A INDICATOR OF SHORT TERM PRICE MOVEMENT Chart patterns is one of the important technical indicator used to study short term price movement of share .Chart patterns are graphical representations of historical stock price movement which form repeating patterns or shapes, and are commonly employed in the stock market. Technical analysis is the study of historical price to determine future trading strategies. Trading with technical analysis requires correctly identifying chart patterns. Chart patterns are useful gauges of momentum, support and resistance, and other indications of strength or weakness in a stock. Chart patterns help traders to determine market direction as well as time entries and exits. Technical analysts believe that price behavior repeat itself and therefore it is predictable by extrapolating past patterns. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Pinches (1970), presented a more general statement of technical analysis is as follows: 1) the market value of a security solely depends on the supply and demand of the particular security. 2) Supply and demand forces at any moment depends on many reasons, both rational and irrational. Information, opinions, moods, guesses and blind needs integrate in the price discovery process. No individual can hope to grasp and weigh them all; market automatically performs this. 3) Excepting minor variations, prices move in trends that persist for some periods. 4) Changes in trend signal an important shift in the balance between supply and demand and the same are detectable eventually in the market prices. Bessembinder H. and Chan K (1998), also found that simple forms of technical analysis contain significant power for US stock index returns. However, they cautioned that transaction costs are main hindrance in profitable opportunity from technical trades. They commented it is unlikely that trade could have used technical rules evaluated by Brock and others to improve returns net of trading costs. Thomsett, M. C (1998), said fundamental analysts often measure price by using a discounted cash flow model of future expected earnings. This approach relies on research into basic financial information to forecast profits, supply and demand, industry strength, management ability, and other intrinsic matters affecting a security's market value and growth potential. Edwards, R. D. Magee, J (2001), observed technical analysis relies on chart pattern recognition and attempts to anticipate the direction of a price movement through comparison with similar historical chart patterns. This approach assumes that security prices are determined solely by the interaction of market demand and supply, that prices tend to move in trends, that shifts in demand and supply cause trend reversals that can be detected in charts, and that chart patterns repeat themselves. Nath (2001), found presence of long-term memory while analyzing stocks traded in the Indian stock market. He found that movement of stock prices in India does not follow a random movement. Singh & Prabakaran (2008), studied the returns of the Indian stock markets using various statistical tests. They found the presence of dependencies and memory feedbacks in the returns of Indian stock market. They performed Rescaled range analysis to estimate Hurst's exponent and found that the Indian capital markets are not random. Mitra (2010), analyzed the profitability of moving average based trading rules in the Indian stock market using four stock index series. The study found that most technical trading rules are able to capture market movements in Indian stock market reasonably well and give significant positive returns. However, these returns are not exploitable fully because of real world transaction costs T VOLUME NO. 1 (2011), ISSUE NO. 10 (DECEMBER) ISSN 2231-1009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMPUTER APPLICATION & MANAGEMENT A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal Included in the International Serial Directories www.ijrcm.org.in 103 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • To examine the short-term price movement of selective banking sector scripts namely Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda through technical indicators. • To find out the advance and decline that has occurred in the stock market by comparing NSE as a bench marking technique. • To formulate buying and selling strategy for Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda through various technical indicators. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION For this purpose some data have been collected basically from secondary sources: SECONDARY SOURCE Since the study is mainly focused on short-term price movement of banking sector stock through technical analysis for 4 months and the researcher had given immense importance to collect secondary data from various investment websites. Two public sector banks were considered to analyze the short-term price movement of the company. • Punjab National Bank • Bank of Baroda TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED The following tools were applied to analysis the short-term price movement of selective banking sector scripts through technical analysis: TECHNICAL INDICATORS 1. Relative Strength Index 2. Rate Of Change 3. Breadth of the Market. STATISTICAL TOOLS 1. Beta and alpha 2. Correlation 3. Simple and Exponential Moving Average. ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL TOOLS RELATIVE STRENGTH INDEX It is an oscillator used to identify the inherent technical strength and weakness of a particular scrip or market. RSI can be calculated for a script by adopting the following formula.
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Le triptyque ‘Langue – Education – Religion’ dans les écoles missionnaires françaises de Jérusalem en Palestine ottomane et mandataire - Summerer, Karène Sanchez (Sociolinguistica, 2011)
Article Le triptyque ‘Langue – Education – Religion’ dans les écoles missionnaires françaises de Jérusalem en Palestine ottomane et mandataire was published on October 1, 2015 in the journal Sociolinguistica (volume 25, issue 1).
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Evaluation of pedagogic approaches to geography teaching in Libyan universities : an evaluation of different aspects of the way geography is taught in some Libyan universities and comparison with the approach in the UK, with particular emphasis on practical and fieldwork - Aouen, Matog Ali (2011)
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Curriculum reform and teachers' training needs: the case of higher education in Ghana - Bakah, Marie Afua Baah; Voogt, Joke; Pieters, Julius Marie (International journal of training and development (Print), 2011)
Professional development is the key to curriculum‐based reform, yet there is little empirical evidence upon which to base decisions of design or implementation of training and development programmes. This study examined the training and development needs of Ghana's polytechnic teachers in an existing curriculum reform scenario as they became involved in curriculum design. Forty‐four teachers and four heads of mechanical engineering departments and representatives of the leadership of four polytechnics granted comprehensive interviews and responded to questionnaires. Findings revealed that updating subject knowledge through industrial attachments was a major training and development need for teachers. Teachers indicated that they were keen to get more involved in curriculum design and argued for their subject knowledge to be improved to give them the confidence to do so. The results of the study suggest higher education teachers have training and development needs in relation to effective curriculum design and implementation. It is proposed that polytechnic–industry links are strengthened and that teachers should draw on teamwork to plan and undertake industrial attachments.
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Newspapers for Quality Education in Nigeria - Bello, Semiu (2011)
All over the years, newspaper has only been seen as a means of disseminating information to large and heterogeneous audience. This no doubt has been explored extensively in all parts of the world. Observation however shows that its educational role has not been fully utilized so much that many people in Africa do not believe that newspaper is a teaching and learning resource. This book therefore presents newspaper as a valuable complementary educational resource that can be used in all levels of education particularly in primary and secondary schools. Hence it is the belief of the author that if newspaper is promoted in our educational institutions as a teaching and learning resource, the standard of our education might be improved in a great deal. Therefore, the book is a useful material for teachers, parents, students and journalists alike.
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Good Schools for Some, But Why Not Better Schools for All? Sub-Saharan Africa in Transition - Bisschoff, Tom; Rhodes, Christopher; Day, Christopher (2011)
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The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Nigerian school curricula - Ejiogu, Augustine Odinakachukwu; Nwajiuba, Chinyere Augusta (Thunderbird International Business Review, 2011)
Abstract This article advocates the inclusion of entrepreneurship education as a subject in the curricula of all the educational institutions in Nigeria and other developing countries. Some innovative entrepre‐neurship education practices such as periodic entrepreneur‐pupil/student interaction and students' attachment period with established entrepreneurs are also proposed in inculcating the entrepreneurial culture. The regular interactive sessions with entrepreneurs from the organized private sector will engender consistent and systematic orientation of the young adults in acquisition of skills, competencies, and knowledge requisite for self‐employment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Permanent Hearing Loss among Professional Spice Grinders in an Urban Community in Southwest Nigeria - Olusanya, Bolajoko O.; Bamigboye, Babatunde A.; Somefun, Abayomi O. (Journal of Urban Health, 2011)
This study set out to determine the pattern and predictors of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among small-scale and self-employed chili pepper grinders in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Audiological evaluation was conducted for all participants after noise level measurement. Of 136 studied, 85 (62.5%) were confirmed with slight-to-moderate NIHL. Mean age was 40.2 years, mean years spent as grinders was 9.3 years and mean hours spent daily at work was 13.3 hours. The mean age of those with NIHL was significantly higher than those without. Spending over 10 years in commercial grinding and working ≤12 hours daily were predictive of NIHL. Questionnaire-based screening using symptoms of NIHL was associated with a sensitivity of 44.7%, specificity of 62.7%, and positive predictive value of 66.7%. In conclusion, pepper grinding is associated with high/excessive noise levels and NIHL. Hearing conservation program incorporating engineering modification of locally fabricated grinders is warranted in this and similar populations in developing countries.
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The influence of Teachers' Preparedness of Quality of Teaching HIV/AIDS Curriculum in Primary Schools in Ol joro orok Division, Nyandarua District, Kenya - Thendu, Peter Githu (2011)
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Instructional Supervision in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya - Wanzare, Zachariah (Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2011)
This article reports some findings of study regarding practices and procedures of internal instructional supervision in public secondary schools in Kenya. The findings are part of a large-scale project undertaken in Kenya to determine the perceptions of headteachers, teachers and senior government education officers regarding the practices of internal instructional supervision and staff development in Kenyan public secondary schools. Findings indicated that instructional supervision was viewed as a process of checking other people’s work to ensure that bureaucratic regulations and procedures are followed and that loyalty to the higher authorities is maintained. The benefits of supervision practices included facilitating students’ academic performance, improving the quality of teachers and teaching, and enabling instructional supervisors to monitor teachers’ instructional work. The major problems frustrating the practices of instructional supervision were those associated with a lack of consistency, questionable supervisor practices and lack of resources. Suggestions for change included developing clear policies on instructional supervision and providing needed resources, feedback and follow-up support.
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Remodeling learning on an African cultural heritage of Ubuntu (2011)
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Project Information Document (Concept Stage) - West Bank Gaza: Education-to-Work Transition - P129861 - Cuadra, Ernesto P. (2011)
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Gender Dynamics of Climate Change in Ghana: An Intersectional Perspective - Dzah, Ellen Dankwah Eyison (2011)
The study examines one strand in the debate on climate change, notably climate change and variability will cause calamities that will likely hurt many people, especially those already placed in a disadvantaged position such as women. Calamities are expected to lead to changes in their livelihoods and increase their poverty. Taking the agricultural sector in Ghana as one example, this study challenges the interchangeable use of the concepts 'women' and 'gender' and an exclusive focus on 'gender difference'. It argues that analyses of vulnerabilities and the subsequent design and implementation of adaptation measures in the context of climate change and variability that are based on a simplistic understanding of gender tend to cloud the real effect of the disaster and obscure accurate understanding of the situation, and therefore measures taken to care for all stakeholders will likely omit many aspects of intersecting social inequalities. An analysis that brings into the discussion the intersection of social relation and identities such as ethnicity, religion, descent, age or disability could present a more nuanced understanding of adaptive behaviour in a particular context. Such understanding offers researchers and policy makers the opportunity to capture the realities of diverse people in order respond appropriately to their different needs, expectations and concerns.
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Entrepreneurship Education: Views and Perspectives of Egyptian Youth - Khalil, Refki; Nagui, Nancy (2011)
The aim of this research is to explore the notion of entrepreneurship education through the eyes of the youth participating in such programs. It examines what forces and forms of help encourage young people to enrol in such programs, does it really lead them to think about the possibility of creating their own employment and opportunities for income earning after graduation. The paper gives the reader significant insight into entrepreneurship training and education in Egypt through participants’ and program providers’ point of view. The paper provides a base for further exploration on what needs to be done to facilitate entrepreneurship among youth within and beyond the education system in terms of resources and policy.
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Gender and Sexuality Notions as Determinants of School Pregnancies in Tanzania: A Case of Iringa Rural District - Kiluvia, Fatina Sunny (2011)
Pregnancy among adolescent girls is a major problem in Tanzania. It impends the government efforts to reduce gender gap in education and fight poverty, as it has become the major reason for school drop out among schoolgirls. Pregnancies among schoolgirls in Tanzania have been for decade associated with economic setback (poverty). This study describes and analyse the dominant notions of sexuality and gender, which persist in Iringa rural district in Tanzania, that shape boys, older men and girls sexual interactions, which in turn results to pregnancies. These dominant notions are the gender and sexual beliefs, values and practices, which are culturally oriented and socially constructed that shape adolescents and adults sexual behaviours. The study found out that the dominant notions on gender, which praises men and masculinity and the cultural perceptions to sexuality, which restrict girl’s sexualities, are the reasons for the persisting of pregnancy among young people, especially students. Therefore analyses for teenage pregnancy in Tanzania should try to focus on the dominant discourses on gender and sexuality which shape people’s behaviour and influence their practices since they seem to affect not only the lives of young girls, but also of young boys.
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Factors influencing South African optometry students in choosing their career and institution of learning - Mashige, Khathutshelo Percy; Oduntan, Olalekan A. (African Vision and Eye Health, 2011)
Thechoice of an appropriate career, occupation or profession is one of the most important decisions hat one makes in life and there are many factors which may influence such a decision. The purpose of this study was to establish the factors which influenced students currently studying optometry in South African institutions in deciding on the course of study and choice of institution. Data was collected with a questionnaire on demographics of the students and the factors that might have influenced their choice of optometry as a career and their institution of learning. Data was analysed with descriptive and cross-tabulation statistics. Three hundred and eighty seven students responded to the questionnaire (80.1% response rate). Their ages ranged from 17 to 40 years with a mean of 20.73 ± 2.46 years and included 30.5% males and 69.5% females. They were from the University of Free State 25.1%), University of Johannesburg (29.5%), University of KwaZulu-Natal (29.7%) and the University of Limpopo(15.7%). There were 38% Whites, 36.7% Blacks, 22.2% Indians and 3.1% Coloureds. The highest rated factors which influenced their choice of optometry were the desire to help other people (92.8%), job availability after graduation (92%), subjects passed and points obtained in the matric year (91.2%) and the potential to earn a good salary (88.6%), respectively. Few rated news and other media (20.9%) as an important factor in their decision to choose their current institution of learning while 29.5% reported that failure to gain admission to study other degrees was an important factor. These results may be useful to institutions offering optometry degrees to formulate effective recruitment strategies to attract quality students. Also, they may be useful to career counsellors in counselling prospective students on their career choice and institution of learning. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(1) 21-28)
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Exploring the mathematics that children read in the world: A case study of Grade 8 learners in a South African School - Mokotedi, Lesego Brenda (2011)
This paper presents a qualitative study in which an attempt was made to extend the debate surrounding the use of real life contexts to make mathematics more meaningful and real. The study investigated Grade 8 learners’ knowledge of number, understanding of number concepts and the kinds of connections they make between number and the context in which number is used. An important aspect of the study’s methodological approach involved an examination of the comments that learners made about what they said they know about number. A response to the question: “Why is the number in the picture?” provided a framework for establishing how learners saw relationships between number and the context in which numbers are used. A face scenario with four questions was given to learners to elicit these relationships. Results pointed to the usefulness of real life contexts as tools that have a central role in uncovering what learners know about number and how they use that knowledge to understand situations that call for proficiency in mathematics. Introduction In the physical world humans come across situations in which their knowledge of different symbols, words, number and diagrams is put into practice so that they can look at and understand what they see. Gutstein (2003:41) refers to this practice as making sense of the world in which we live. To understand the physical, social and mental world implies that our proficiency in literacy and numeracy are essential tools that help us to make sense of new experiences. Recent suggestions regarding approaches to school mathematics place a high premium on the use of contexts and situations to develop mathematical concepts and procedures, contextually-driven justifications for conjectures obtained through inductive generalizations, to demonstrate and induct learners to the field of mathematical applications and modeling (Julie, 2006:49). This is because real life contexts are believed to be platforms on which learners can use their school-learned mathematics to understand real-life situations. But how often are real life contexts used to explore learners’ understanding of numbers and number concepts? This question formed the central concern of the study. Learners were presented with an everyday situation based on which they were asked the following question: “what do you know about the number in the picture?” Design of the Study The study involved 49 Grade 8 learners from a Middle School in a semi-rural Mafikeng, South Africa. The dynamics of the learning environment were characterized by varying intellectual abilities, varying learning styles, diverse cultural backgrounds and different socio-economic status of learners. These dynamics made the classroom a melting pot of all kinds of learning diversities. The aspect of socio-economic background is critical from Cooper’s (1998:512) point of view. Cooper argues that the relationship between socio-economic status, culture and cognition is important since the use of certain items may lead to an underestimation of the mathematical capacities of children from different social backgrounds. The study therefore involved a diverse group of mathematics learners not only in terms of performance in Mathematics but also in thinking and learning styles. An important aspect of the study’s methodological approach concerned learners views and understanding of number when embedded in a real life context. Learners were presented with a real life situation in which they were expected to identify and explain in writing the mathematics which they thought was demonstrated in the scenario (see figure below). Figure 1: The face scenario (New Visions Magazine, vol. 22) Why use a picture of a numbered face in particular? The National Curriculum Statement (NCS)
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Advancing research ethics training in Southern Africa (ARESA) - Moodley, Keymanthri; Rennie, Stuart (South African Journal of Bioethics and Law, 2011)
Southern Africa is a research-rich environment in which research ethics review is critical. The research ethics review system is well establsihed but considerable variability in capacity and training exists among the various research ethics committees (RECs) in the region. The ARESA programme comprises a Postgraduate Diploma in Health Research Ethics, an annual seminar, a newsletter and an association of REC members. The programme has been developed to promote health in the region via capacity development in the field of research ethics. Southern Africa is regarded as fertile ground for a wide range of research endeavours because of the enormous burden of infectious disease in the region, highly skilled yet poorly paid medical researchers, a modest ethics review infrastructure and large numbers of treatment-naive patients.
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Frequency of Isolation of Enterobacter Species from a Variety of Clinical Specimens in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria - Mordi, Raphael M.; Hugbo, Peter G. (Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2011)
Purpose: To determine the frequency of occurrence of Enterobacter species and their antibiogram from clinical specimens of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and wound obtained from University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.Methods: Specimens were obtained from patients who were seen at the various units of the hospital during the period January 2008 to June 2010.The total number of specimens was 6632, and were obtained from 1678 adult males, 2010 adult females and 2944 children.The specimens were collected prior to commencement of antibiotic therapy, and cultured immediately using standard bacteriological methods.Growths were identified by colonial morphology and characteristics, and biochemical reactions.Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed according to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendation.The control organism was a sensitive strain of Eschrichia coli (NCTC 10418) Results: Two species of Enterobacter, namely, E. aerogenes (104; 97.2 %) and E. sakazakii (3; 2.8 %) were isolated from the four types of clinical specimens, accounting for 1.6 % of all the samples.Sensitivity to antibacterials was as follows: ceftazidime (55.0 %), ofloxacin (53.3 %) and amoxicillin clavulanate (48.3 %).They were strongly resistant to the other antibiotics used in the study, especially the cephalosporins.There was no significant difference in infection rate among the age groups (p > 0.05).However, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between isolates from cerebrospinal fluid, on the one hand, and those from wound, urine and blood, on the other hand. Conclusion:The rate of isolation of Enterobacter species in the health facility was low.Remarkable drug resistance of the organisms make them clinically significant pathogens.
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New Forms of Assessment in the South African Curriculum Assessment Guidelines: What Powers do Teachers Hold? - Mwakapenda, Willy (2011)
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Relationship between teacher altruism and the level of altruism in pre-school children in westlands division Nairobi, Kenya - Nyaga, Jane Wambura (2011)
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Effectiveness of employee training and development in Kenya: a case study of teachers service commission - Nzoma, Nthenya (2011)
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Impact assessment of social education and ethics curriculum in Kisii central district, Kenya - Onkangi, Nyabera Richard (2011)
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Two decades of optometric education in Ghana: Update and recent developments* - Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Godwin; Kio, Franklin E.; Morny, Enyam Komla Amewuho; Amedo, Angela Ofeibea; Oriowo, Olanrewaju M. (African Vision and Eye Health, 2011)
Many authors have reported on the evolution and trends of optometric education in Africa. Amongst these are articles on Optometry and optometric education in Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, and Ethiopia. This article reports the historical perspectives of optometric education in Ghana and the developments that have been made in the last 20 years. It also attempts to relate the stride made towards legal recognition of optometry in Ghana. In presenting this historical account, it is hoped that sometime in the future, one should be able to look back at the beginning of optometry training in Ghana and be able to measure the advancement or otherwise that have been made since its inception. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(3) 136-141)
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Teachers' action and training practices : analyses in grade 2 classes and in a « Cellule d’Animation Pédagogique (CAPED) » (« Pedagogical Animation Unit »(PAU)) in the Niger context - Sagayar, Moussa Mohamed (2011)
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Political Economy of Higher Education: South Africa in a comparative perspective - Shrivastava, Meenal (2011)
Dr. Sanjiv Shrivastava is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) of Physics, who teaches very large classes of nearly 1000 students at the university of the Witwatersrand. He has been using the ubiquitous smart phone technology to engage students and to impart learning to large classes of First year Engineers. Due to my interest in the political economy of higher education, in terms of government and international policies that are continually putting pressure on universities worldwide to force them to become more dependent of student fees and to keep increasing the size of their classes, I was intrigued to see how this translated on the ground and how instructors were using technology in innovative ways to cope with the fundamental changes to teaching and learning in the university environment. Therefore, we co-wrote and co-presented a paper at this conference. We had a very well attended session. The attached paper is a working draft of our ongoing research. There was lively discussion throughout the conference. Several delegates asked for copies of our paper. We were asked by the conference organizer to finalize the research and submit it as a chapter for an upcoming book. I would like to thank Athabasca University and the APDF committee for providing financial support to attend this useful conference.
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The Effect of Age, Proficiency and Task Type on Lexical Transfer: The Case of Moroccan EFL Learners - Trimasse, Naima (2011)
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South African Research Ethics Training Initiative (SARETI) - Wassenaar, Douglas (South African Journal of Bioethics and Law, 2011)
The South African Research Ethics Training Initiative (SARETI) is the oldest Africa-based Master's programme in the field of health research ethics. The programme, initially a collaboration between the University of Pretoria's School of Health Systems and Public Health and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)'s School of Psychology in association with Johns Hopkins University, equips African health professionals with the education and practical experiences needed to provide sound ethics review of the increasingly numerous and complex health studies taking place in Africa. SARETI started in 2003 and to date has graduated 1 PhD, 14 Masters (with several more close to completion), and 22 non-degree fellows, and is currently awaiting a funding decision for a third cycle of Fogarty/National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for 2012 - 2016.
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Sabin and wild polioviruses from apparently healthy primary school children in northeastern Nigeria - Baba, Marycelin; Oderinde, Bamidele Soji; Patrick, P.Z.; Jarmai, M.M. (Journal of Medical Virology, 2011)
Abstract Despite significant success of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in Nigeria, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, wild poliovirus still occurs due to persistently high proportions of under and unimmunized children. The study aimed at determining the type of poliovirus often excreted into the environment. Four hundred nine fecal samples collected from apparently healthy school children aged 5–16 years in Borno and Adamawa States, northeastern Nigeria, were tested for poliovirus by tissue culture technique. The isolates were characterized further by intratypic differentiation testing and genetic sequencing. Three wild poliovirus type, 11 Sabin type, combination of Sabin‐types 1 + 2 and 2 + 3 poliovirus, and 22 non‐polio enteroviruses were obtained. The continued excretion of wild‐type poliovirus among children above 5 years old vaccinated with oral polio vaccine contributes to the persistent circulation of these viruses in the environment and may limit the population immunity. However, the excreted Sabin poliovirus is capable of immunizing the unvaccinated children and promotes herd immunity. Similarly, the excretion of combination of two polio serotypes indicates the child susceptibility to the missing serotype (s) and therefore indicates an immunity gap. The common unhygienic practices in the environment could aid the spread of these viruses through oral–fecal route. Asymptomatic transmission of wild poliovirus among older oral polio vaccine‐vaccinated children poses a serious threat to polio eradication program in Nigeria and therefore, environmental and serological surveillance with larger sample size are important for monitoring poliovirus circulation in Nigeria. J. Med. Virol. 84:358–364, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Reappraising the Work Skill Requirements for Building Technology Education in Senior Secondary School for Optimum Performance in Nigeria - Kennedy, Odu Oji (The International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2011)
Effective handling of vocational technology education by all stakeholders pave way for sustainable development. Building construction which is one of the vocational electives in Senior Secondary School is poorly taught. It is regrettable to experience that a country crying for technological breakthroughs and emancipation cannot at this crucial time of technological age impart practical skills to the recipients of her technology education. Building construction which is an integral part of vocational technology is worst hit in this imbroglio. It is observed that the teaching of building construction is too theoretical to the detriment of the psychomotor aspect of the programme. The difficulties in imparting the practical skills in this subject is caused by the teachers not possessing adequate skills in the subject, inadequacy of teaching materials and facilities, curriculum invalidity in terms of teachability and learnability, poor teaching strategies to mention but a few. This paper, therefore, reappraise the state of affairs in the teaching of building construction and advance some strategies on how the subject can move forward.
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Teachers' and students' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS education : a study of secondary schools in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya - Mwangi, Peter Gachenge (2011)
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Linguistic variation in spoken English as used by teachers in Kenyan primary schools - Njoroge, Martin C. (2011)
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Approaches towards practical adaptive management options for selected water-related sectors in South Africa in a context of climate change - Schulze, R. E. (Water SA, 2011)
As a point of departure, the South African water-related sector is placed within the broader climate change context.Following on brief explanations of the terms adaptation, adaptive management and adaptive capacity, a summary of recent (2011) findings on projections of climate change effects on hydrological responses over South Africa is presented as the scientific cornerstone to practical adaptive management options.These options are based on the identification of major categories and subcategories in which adaptive capacity can be enhanced, the identification of 17 sectors within the broader South African water-related community which are likely to be impacted by climate change and the identification of the range of foreseen changes that these various sectors are likely to have to cope with, and adapt to, as a consequence of projected changes in climate drivers and hydrological responses.Five sectors are then selected for detailed case studies on adaptive management options, viz.national water planners, municipalities, rain-fed (dryland) agriculture, the insurance industry and aquatic ecosystems.The paper concludes by stressing the importance of adaptation to climate change and briefly outlines further plans of action in this field.
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Linking poverty, HIV/AIDS and climate change to human and ecosystem vulnerability in southern Africa: consequences for livelihoods and sustainable ecosystem management - Shackleton, Sheona; Shackleton, Charlie M. (International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2011)
Abstract People in southern Africa are facing escalating levels of risk, uncertainty and consequently vulnerability as a result of multiple interacting stressors, including HIV/AIDS, poverty, food insecurity, weak governance, climate change and land degradation, to name but a few. Vulnerability or livelihood insecurity emerges when poor people as individuals or social units have to face harmful threats or shocks with inadequate capacity to respond effectively. In such situations, people often have no choice but to turn to their immediate environment for support. Evidence suggests that rising levels of human vulnerability are driving increased dependency on biodiversity and ecosystem services, which in turn, and along with other threats, is rendering ecosystems more vulnerable. This paper explores the dynamic and complex linkages and feedbacks between human vulnerability and ecosystem vulnerability, drawing on data from the southern African region. Human vulnerability is conceptualized as a threat to ecosystem health, as driven by the interplay between a number of current and emerging factors. We focus on poverty, HIV/AIDS and more intense climate extremes as examples of stressors on livelihoods and direct and indirect drivers of ecosystem change. We discuss how some of the responses to increased vulnerability may pose threats to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem management and sustainable development, whilst considering potential solutions that rely on a thorough understanding of coupled social–ecological systems and the interplay between multiple stressors and responses at different scales. Keywords: vulnerabilitysouthern Africalivelihoodsecosystem servicesHIV/AIDSclimate change Acknowledgements We thank both the University of Florida and the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) for the invitation and financial support to attend the conferences that resulted in the development of this paper. Further funding was provided via a South African National Research Foundation (NRF) research incentive grant awarded to Sheona Shackleton. In addition to the UF conference, the ideas in the paper were also inspired by the thinking that went into the proposal development for a recently granted IDRC project on vulnerability, climate change and HIV/AIDS. The authors thank reviewers of this paper for their insights and suggestions. Notes 1. We use the MA typology of ecosystem services that recognizes: (a) provisioning services (e.g. fuel, fibre, medicines, food); (b) regulating services (ecosystem processes); (c) cultural services (the cultural, educational, spiritual, and recreational benefits); and (d) supporting services (the basic services underlying all others – e.g. primary production, soil formation) (MA 2005). 2. Poverty can be conceived as a cause, component and a consequence of vulnerability. The three are not easily separated. Here, we consider poverty primarily as cause, but also a component, of vulnerability.
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Source moment tensors of the earthquake swarm in Abu-Dabbab area, south-east Egypt - Ali, Ahmed Hosny; El-Hady, Sherif M.; Guidarelli, M.; Panza, G. F. (Rendiconti lincei. Scienze fisiche e naturali, 2011)
Seismic sources of a big swarm occurred in August 2004 have been studied by investigation of the moment tensors of 15 earthquakes with magnitudes range from 1.7 to 3.7. For each selected event, two sets of moment tensor inversions were carried out. The first one with fixed epicentral coordinates and the second one with variable epicentral coordinates. The data fit between observed and synthetic seismograms was computed for an elastic layered media, and minimized using a least squares algorithm. The obtained fault plane solution for each event is in agreement with the few reliable first arrival polarities. The resulting source time functions, characterized by one or two peaks, indicate that even small events might be associated with complex sources. The resulting focal mechanisms of the selected events represent different styles of faulting (normal and reverse with strike slip faulting mechanisms). The normal faulting events are characterized by focal depths larger than 7 km and the reverse ones are shallower with focal depths less than 6 km. A non-double-couple component, compensated linear-vector dipole (CLVD) ratio up to 35% is obtained for some events. The presence of some events with high CLVD ratio, besides the initiation of a high-level seismic activity, in the Abu-Dabbab area, without a large seismic main shock, led us to suggest that the August 2004 swarm might be due to igneous activity, increasing of fluid pressure and gases being consistent with the relatively high heat flow of the area.
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The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanic sequences of Berrechid and Doukkala basins (Western Meseta, Morocco): Volcanology and geochemistry - Bensalah, Mohamed Khalil; Youbi, Nasrrddine; Mahmoudi, Abdelkader; Bertrand, Hélène; Mata, J.; Achimi, H.E. El; Madeira, José; Martins, Léo Anderson Meira; Marzoli, Andréa; Bellón, Hervé; Medina, F.; Karroum, M.; et al. (2011)
The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanic succession of the Berrechid and Doukkala basins (Western Meseta, Morocco) comprises two lava flow fields. At the base, the Sidi Mohamed Larbi-Sidi Said Mâachou Formation is composed of 1 to 5 flows, while the upper Ain Bouhachad Formation presents 1 or 2 flows. Lavas are mainly compound pahoehoe flows showing evidence of endogenous growth by inflation, suggesting slow emplacement during sustained eruptive episodes. Textures vary vertically in each lobe (fine to medium-grained intergranular, subophitic to ophitic in the lava core, and aphanitic to glomeroporphyritic in the lava crust). The mineralogy is typical of continental tholeiites: plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite and pigeonite), and minor amounts of olivine and ferro-titanium oxides. The major and trace element concentrations and/or ratios of the two formations match, respectively, the compositions described elsewhere for the Lower and Intermediate formations of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) from the Central High Atlas and Argana basin. © 2011 LNEG - Laboratorio Nacional de Geologia e Energia, IP.
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University of Zambia lecturer's understanding of the Meaning of Adult education and their perception of its relevance in development - Chirwa, Lemekani (2011)
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Morocco - Integrating Climate Change in the Implementation of the Plan Maroc Vert : P117081 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 02 - Izzi, Gabriella (2011)
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A South African perspective: current position and challenges in health care service management and education in nursing - Jooste, Karien; Jasper, Melanie (Journal of Nursing Management, 2011)
jooste k. & jasper m. (2012) Journal of Nursing Management20, 56–64 A South African perspective: current position and challenges in health care service management and education in nursing Aim The present study discusses the current context of South African nurse managers’ working environment, exploring the challenges of disease demographics, service change and development, and educating a nursing workforce to meet healthcare delivery demands. Background Post-apartheid South Africa has a legacy of inequalities in access to healthcare; increasingly poor morbidity and mortality demographics; and inadequate numbers of qualified nurses to provide a service to meet the Millennium Development Goals outlined by the Government in 2010. Evaluation The present study discusses the current position and developments pertaining to nursing management relating to both healthcare challenges and educating a nursing workforce. Key issues Collaborative action by various stakeholders in the development of nursing management will ensure a nursing workforce and service environment fit-for-purpose in delivering the healthcare outcomes envisaged in the transformed South Africa in the future. Conclusion Different role players are involved in critical issues regarding the management and education of nursing in South Africa. Nurse managers are central to the success of service redesign, delivery and education. Implications for nursing management Nurse managers need to influence policy decisions regarding nursing service design and delivery, and the education required to prepare the next generation of practitioners for these new services.
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Relationship between nutrition knowledge and practices of pre-school teachers from Mumbuni Zone, Machakos District, Kenya - Muting'au, Nduku Jane (2011)
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Prevalence and pattern of sleep disorder among children with neurological diseases in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria - Ofovwe, GE; Ofovwe, CE; Okunola, Peter Olusola (Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2011)
Prevalence and pattern of sleep disorder among children with neurological diseases in University of Benin TeachingHospital, Benin City, Nigeria.Children were judged to have sleep disorder if the symptom were p r e s e n t f r e q u e n t l y o r v e r y f r e q u e n t l y.Va r i a b l e s w e r e aggregated as simple proportions and differences determine using chi-square test.One hundred and fifty children aged 17years and below consisting of 98 (65.3%) males and 52 (34.7%) were evaluated.The most common sleep disorders found include restlessness during sleep 68.7%, frequent awakening 66.0%, snoring 57.3%, excessive day time sleepiness 53.3% and sleep walking among others.Sleep disorders were more common in boys than in girls and those aged 5 years and below than older children.Sleep disorders are very common among children with neurological diseases.These problems have great potential of further impairing cognitive development and quality of life in these children.
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Interdependency of knowledge management and learning : the case of higher education institutions in Uganda - Turyasingura, Wilberforce (2011)
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A teamwork approach to obstetric fistula repair training in Uganda - Kelly, John; Lynch, Maura (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2011)
International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 116, Issue 3 p. 261-263 Brief communication A teamwork approach to obstetric fistula repair training in Uganda John Kelly, Corresponding Author John Kelly [email protected] [email protected] Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKCorresponding author at: Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. Tel.: + 44 121 414 2704; fax: + 44 121 414 7878.Search for more papers by this authorMaura Lynch, Maura Lynch Kitovu Health Care Complex, Masaka, UgandaSearch for more papers by this author John Kelly, Corresponding Author John Kelly [email protected] [email protected] Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKCorresponding author at: Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. Tel.: + 44 121 414 2704; fax: + 44 121 414 7878.Search for more papers by this authorMaura Lynch, Maura Lynch Kitovu Health Care Complex, Masaka, UgandaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 December 2011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.10.011Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume116, Issue3March 2012Pages 261-263 RelatedInformation
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Teaching cybercrime in the post graduate Bar course in Uganda - Mapp, Maureen (2011)
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A survey to investigate how South African Occupational Therapists in private practice are assessing and treating poor handwriting in foundation phase learners: Part II - Treatment and evaluation practices - Merwe, Joanne van der; Smit, Neeltje; Vlok, Betsie (South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2011)
Handwriting is a functional skill of paramount importance for school-going children. Difficulties with this skill can result in poor academic performance and emotional distress which can potentially lead to school drop-out. These negative effects can be prevented by early remediation of handwriting difficulties. This is the second part of a two-part paper describing a telephonic survey of 162 South African occupational therapists working with Foundation Phase learners to remediate handwriting difficulties. Part 1 describes demographic data and assessment practices. Part 2 provides a description of the treatment and progress evaluation practices of the respondents. Seventy two percent of the respondents treated learners individually and 67% utilised home programmes with every referral. The majority of therapists utilised an eclectic treatment approach, with sensory integration and psychosocial principles/techniques being most frequently used (<95%). The most popular means of evaluating progress were work sample comparisons (97%), review of treatment notes (94%), teacher interview/questionnaire (74%) and discussion with the learner (73%). The limited use of home programs may indicate an avenue for future research. KEYWORDS: Evaluation, Foundation Phase, Handwriting, Treatment, OT
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The teaching-learning of argumentation in professional communication in French for Specific Purposes : the example of the Tunisian higher education - Njah, Mohamed (2011)
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Private Cost of Education: A Comparative Study of Distance and Campus-based University Students in Nigeria - Olakulehin, Felix Kayode; Panda, Santosh (The European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 2011)
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The Science Educator and Student Achievement in Nigerian Environment: Concerns and Tasks Ahead - Opara, Jacinta A. (The International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2011)
The paper examines science quality for all students with the intention of presenting a vision of a scientifically literate populace. It identified that science education in general education in schools does not seem to help students achieve scientific and technological literacy or feel confident either in applying their knowledge or dealing with societal problems. It recommended that if the standards are going to become a reality in Nigeria, a shift will be necessary from what has traditionally been an experience in science education classroom to the inquiry techniques for quality teaching/learning. It is the contention of the researcher that the inquiry approach would enhance students' achievement in science classroom, hence the thrust of this paper.
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Teaching cybercrime in the post graduate Bar course in Uganda - Owor, Maureen (2011)
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Pollution status and effect of crude oil spillage in Ughoton stream ecosystem in Niger Delta - Uzoekwe, S.A. (Journal of ecology and the natural environment, 2011)
The present study evaluates the pollution status and the physico-chemical characteristics of Ughoton stream water as it affects the quality of water and its impact on Ughoton stream ecosystem. Surface water samples were collected at various distances, 50,100, 250, and 500 m downstream from an oil well. The potentially toxic elements, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb were analyzed. Other parameters including cations, hydrocarbonoclastic, heterotrophic bacteria and Total hydrocarbon were analyzed. The study reveals most of the parameters; pH, DO, BOD, and COD are within limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) for surface water. The heavy metal concentrations in the stream water are also below the threshold levels associated with the toxicological effects and the regulatory limits. However, the high concentration of nutrients, hydrocarbonoclastic and heterotrophic bacteria confirmed high pollution status. The hydrocarbonoclastic and heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 96 to 520 and 48 to 284 per 100 ml respectively. Pollution nature of Ughoton stream water is further confirmed by its oil films coated environment; the pollution load exceeded tolerance limit of stream that empties into major river. Therefore, The Ughoton stream water is considered as a threat to Ughoton natural ecosystem. Key words: Physico-chemical parameters, hydrocarbonoclastic and heterotrophic bacteria, freshwater stream.
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Mauritania - EFA/FTI: Education Sector Development Program : P109078 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 07 - Diallo, Cherif (2011)
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Yemen, Republic of - RY Higher Education Quality Improvement : P110733 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 04 - Braham, Kamel (2011)
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What facilitates the entry of persons with disabilities into South African companies? - Wiggett-Barnard, Cindy; Swartz, Leslie (Disability and Rehabilitation, 2011)
Purpose: The persistent high unemployment rate for persons with disabilities (PWDs) is a world-wide concern. The aim of this research was to identify facilitating factors for the entry of PWDs into the labour market. Method: A survey of Human Resources (HR) managers in South African (SA) companies was conducted to explore what would assist with hiring PWDs. The sample population of companies was identified through the Marketline Library database and supplemented with all Johannesburg Stock Exchange companies. This rendered a population size of 348. Results: A response rate of 25% (86) was achieved. Companies that have appointed PWDs in the past seem more willing to appoint PWDs in the future. Companies value information on accommodation (preparation of the environment and cost) and the impact of disability on job performance most. The use of specialised recruitment agencies, the development of targeted recruitment plans and staff sensitisation training, as well as internships are perceived as the best facilitators for the employment of PWDs. Conclusions: Rehabilitation practitioners can inform PWDs on the best strategies for approaching companies. Companies with facilitating factors already in place may also be more willing to employ PWDs and rehabilitation practitioners can target these companies as future employers of PWDs.
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Network Sampling of Hard-to-Reach Population: An Application to the Substance Abuse Problem Among Tertiary Education Students in Nigeria - Adeleke, Ismaila; Ibiwoye, Ade (International journal of Asian social science, 2011)
Traditional sampling techniques have not yielded desired results when applied to hidden or rare populations. A hidden population of considerable interest in Nigeria is that of students in tertiary institutions engaged in substance abuse because of the stigma surrounding such habits and the high heath-risk they constitute to both themselves and the communities where they are found. Earlier works on the subject have concentrated on descriptive approaches. This paper uses the Horvitz-Thompson network sampling technique to estimate the proportion of students in tertiary institutions in Lagos who partake in substance abuse.
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Peer Play Interactions and Readiness to Learn: A Protective Influence for African American Preschool Children From Low‐Income Households - Bulotsky‐Shearer, Rebecca J.; Manz, Patricia H.; Smith, Joel; McWayne, Christine M.; Sekino, Yumiko; Fantuzzo, John W. (Child Development Perspectives, 2011)
Abstract— Guided by a strengths‐based resiliency framework, this article reviews a body of research on the positive influence of interactive peer play for African American preschool children from low‐income households. This literature provides evidence for positive associations among interactive peer play experiences at home and in school, and children’s early childhood social and academic skills. It presents the development and validation of three distinct dimensions of interactive peer play with African American children attending Head Start. It reviews research examining associations between these 3 dimensions and children’s academic and social outcomes, as well as evidence‐based interventions designed to foster interactive peer play for this population. It highlights challenges and directions for future research, with emphasis on the likely research needed to extend our understanding of interactive peer play experiences for Latino and Asian American children and the complex mechanisms through which positive peer interactions during early childhood may support children’s early learning and development.
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A Community - Based Modification Intervention to Reduce Anger among Secondary School Students Living in the Five Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria - Busari, Afusat Olanike (International journal of Asian social science, 2011)
This study investigates behaviour modification intervention programme in the reduction of anger among secondary school students from five local government areas of Oyo State. Intensity of Angry Feeling Scale (IAFS) developed by the researcher was the measuring instrument used to collect the data. The participants of the study comprised of 600 final year students randomly drawn from 10 secondary schools located in 5 Local Government Area of Oyo State. Two hypotheses were tested for significance at 0.05 alpha level using t-test statistical tool. Result clearly showed that gender difference was significant when compared anger reduction level of male and female subjects after the treatment. When compared treated and untreated group, it was discovered that youths differ significantly on their level of anger reduction. It can be deduced that behaviour modification Intervention was an effective mediator in the reduction of anger level in youths. The youths exposed to Community-based Behaviour Modification Intervention exhibited high level of reduction in their anger level than the control group.
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Rapid Changes in Australian Plate Velocity Due to Collisions in New Guinea and Ontong Java Indicated by High-Resolution 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of Australian Intraplate Volcanoes - Cohen, B. E.; Knesel, K. M.; Vasconcelos, Paulo M. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2011)
Subduction zones are the most complex tectonic environments on Earth, as exemplified by the dynamic subduction systems in the southwest Pacific that have undergone numerous episodes of collisional orogenesis, slab rollback, initiation of new subduction zones, and subduction polarity reversal during the Cenozoic. One of the major challenges in modern geodynamics is to understand the timing and duration of these events within subduction zones, where the evidence may be variably obscured by difficult access in remote, rugged, vegetated, or submarine terrains, overprinting by subsequent tectonism, or even loss of evidence if rocks are subducted. A powerful approach to determine the age and duration of tectonic events within subduction zones is the record of paleo-plate velocities for the interacting plates; changes in plate velocity are recorded by deviations in the geometry and age progression of plume-derived intraplate volcanic chains. On the Australian plate high-resolution 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of hotspot-derived volcanism has resolved a 3-Ma duration (from 26 to 23 Ma) reduction in plate velocity, attributed to collision with the Ontong Java Plateau (Knesel et al. 2008, Nature vol. 454, p754-757). In this abstract, we report further geochronology of Australian intraplate volcanoes, which demonstrates an earlier episode of reduced plate velocity spanning from 30.5 to 29 Ma. This period of reduced velocity is correlated to collisional orogenesis in New Guinea or New Caledonia, which caused the cessation of convergence along the Papuan-Rennel trench and intensification of subduction along the Manus-Kilinailu-North Solomon system. The brief duration of this episode of reduced plate velocity - spanning just over one million years - underscores the rapidity with which plate boundaries can respond through the cessation of subduction along one system, and the resultant intensification of subduction along another zone.
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Language teaching is no panacea: A theoretical perspective and critical evaluation of language in education within the South African context - Jordaan, Heila (The South African journal of communication disorders. Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings, 2011)
Language competence is both the means and the end to educational achievement, and multilingualism in particular has important cognitive, academic and societal advantages. The linguistic diversity in South Africa creates an ideal context to provide learners with the educational opportunities that promote high levels of linguistic proficiency in their home and additional languages. Unfortunately, the education system has not delivered on the constitutional imperatives of promoting multilingualism. English continues to dominate as the preferred language of teaching and learning, at the expense and marginalisation of the African languages. This is regarded by many researchers as the primary reason for the disturbingly low numeracy and literacy achievement levels of the majority of South African schoolchildren. However, the effects of language-in-education practices on academic achievement are not straightforward. This paper analyses recent research pertaining to the effects of language-in-education practices and argues that the critical role of educational linguistics is neglected in the South African education system. This affects the quality of teaching irrespective of the language of instruction and has a significant impact on the achievement of our children. The purpose of this paper is to present a critical theoretical perspective on language in education in order to influence policy and practice. An additional aim is to promote the role of speech-language therapists (SLTs) in education, since these professionals are well positioned to work in collaboration with educators to enhance language learning in mainstream/ordinary classrooms. However, SLTs also need to be well informed about the challenges in education and the theory underlying language-in-education practices.
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LibGuides: Scholarly Research and Related Resources: Research Outputs Policy, 2015 (Dept. of Higher Education and Training, South Africa) - Nicholson, Denise (2011)
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Connections between Mathematics and Arts & Culture: An exploratory Study with Teachers in a South African school - Dhlamini, Joseph J (2011)
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Globalization and Its Effects on the Emerging Jurisprudence on the Right to Education in South Africa and Nigeria - Govindjee, Avinash; Taiwo, E. A. (2011)
Abstract This chapter highlights how the concepts of globalization and human rights intersect with the right to education with particular reference to South Africa and Nigeria. The chapter is divided into seven parts. Following a general Introduction, it examines the brief profiles of the two countries. The third part discusses the meanings of the two dominant terms ‘education’ and ‘globalization’. The fourth part discusses the legal framework guaranteeing the right to education globally, while the fifth examines the right to education in South Africa and Nigeria. The sixth part assesses the impacts of globalization on the right to education in the two countries, while the seventh part concludes.
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Exploring student-centered learning of biology in Japanese high schools: considering its adaptability to the Kenyan situation - Kisangi, Albert Kayesa (2011)
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An Evaluation of the Primary School Art Curriculum in Zimbabwe - Mutsambi, Tennyson P. (2011)
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Diagnostic Validity of Age and Education Corrections for the Mini-Mental State Examination in Older African Americans - Pedraza, Otto; Clark, Joy Humphreys; O’Bryant, Sid; Smith, Glenn E.; Ivnik, Robert J.; Graff‐Radford, Neill R.; Willis, Floyd B.; Petersen, Ronald C.; Lucas, John A. (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2011)
Objectives To investigate whether demographic (age and education) adjustments for the Mini‐Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) attenuate mean score discrepancies between African‐American and Caucasian adults and whether demographically adjusted MMSE scores improve the diagnostic classification accuracy of dementia in African‐American adults over unadjusted MMSE scores. Design Cross‐sectional study. Setting Community‐dwelling adults participating in the Mayo Clinic A lzheimer's Disease Patient Registry and A lzheimer's Disease Research Center. Participants Three thousand two hundred fifty‐four adults (2,819 Caucasian, 435 African American) aged 60 and older. Measurements MMSE score at study entry. Results African‐American adults had significantly lower unadjusted MMSE scores (23.0 ± 7.4) than Caucasian adults (25.3 ± 5.4). This discrepancy persisted despite adjustment of MMSE scores for age and years of education using established regression weights or newly derived weights. Controlling for dementia severity at baseline and adjusting MMSE scores for age and quality of education attenuated this discrepancy. In African‐American adults, an age‐ and education‐adjusted MMSE cut score of 23/24 provided optimal dementia classification accuracy, but this represented only a modest improvement over an unadjusted MMSE cut score of 22/23. The posterior probability of dementia in African‐American adults is presented for various unadjusted MMSE cut scores and prevalence rates of dementia. Conclusion Age, dementia severity at study entry, and quality of educational experience are important explanatory factors in understanding the existing discrepancies in MMSE performance between Caucasian and African‐American adults. These findings support the use of unadjusted MMSE scores when screening older African Americans for dementia, with an unadjusted MMSE cut score of 22/23 yielding optimal classification accuracy.
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Participatory approach in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding for drought tolerance for southern Ethiopia - Asfaw, Asrat; Almekinders, Conny; Blair, Matthew W.; Struik, P.C. (Plant Breeding, 2011)
With 3 figures and 4 tables Abstract This study employed and compared different methods for capturing farmers’ preference for common bean varieties in southern Ethiopia and tested their expressed preference using active selection of drought‐tolerant genotypes. The results showed considerable variation in farmers’ variety preferences, but the most important variation consistently focused on a fairly consistent set of variety traits. Different methods indicated that farmers considered earliness as the most important trait. Culinary qualities and marketability showed to be at least as important as drought tolerance. Comparing different methods in identifying farmers’ preference indicated that recording farmers rating or ranking for traits in breeding may not be effective or predictive of adoption for new variety and resulting variation among farmers. Real‐time participatory selection was quick, efficient and accurately revealed farmer preference. The relatively high level of coincidence of farmer selections and selections made by breeders and extensionists, combined with the relative consistent set of important traits to consider, suggest that diversity of farmers demand is not the first concern. The challenge of the common bean breeding for southern Ethiopia therefore lies in combining different mechanisms of drought tolerance with culinary attractiveness and marketability. Market in the study region shows to be fairly dynamic and as a consequence farmer preferences for grain types and colour are not static. Breeding that focuses on traditionally grown colours, shapes and sizes may therefore restrict farmers’ access to novel attractive and adapted germplasm.
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Student Performance in A-level Chemistry Examinations in Makoni District, Zimbabwe - Kazembe, Takawira; Musarandega, Admire (International Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 2011)
The case study was carried out at three high schools in Makoni District, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe, involving form six chemistry students and their teachers, during January to May 2011. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations and scrutinization of records and other document, revealing factors affecting student performance and how performance might be enhanced. The study exposed a number of issues to be addressed by curriculum planners, teachers, examining board and students to improve examination performance. Teachers and students voiced concern about the extensive nature of the chemistry syllabus and the nature of examination questions and they felt that the abstract nature of chemistry was a major source of learning problems. Some students had misgivings about the way the subject was taught, lack of suitable text books and the very limited access to practical work, attitude of some teachers who failed to motivate students toward liking the subject, and the quality of teachers. Participants gave suggestions for improvement of performance.
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An evaluation of Technology teacher training in South Africa: shortcomings and recommendations - Pool, Jessica; Reitsma, Gerda; Mentz, Elsa (International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 2011)
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The impact of education on sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of the evidence - Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons; Jukes, Matthew (AIDS Care, 2011)
Abstract Many studies have attempted to determine the relationship between education and HIV status. However, a complete and causal understanding of this relationship requires analysis of its mediating pathways, focusing on sexual behaviors. We developed a series of hypotheses based on the differential effect of educational attainment on three sexual behaviors. We tested our predictions in a systematic literature review including 65 articles reporting associations between three specific sexual behaviors–sexual initiation, number of partners, and condom use–and educational attainment or school enrollment in sub-Saharan Africa. The patterns of associations varied by behavior. The findings for condom use were particularly convergent; none of the 44 studies using educational attainment as a predictor reviewed found that more educated people were significantly less likely to use condoms. Findings for sexual initiation and number of partners were more complex. The contrast between findings for condom use on the one hand and sexual initiation and number of partners on the other supports predictions based on our theoretical framework.
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Impact of training on Disease Surveillance and Notification Officers in Nigeria - Adeoye, Olawunmi; Aman-Oloniyo, Abimbola; Nwaeke, Clement; Mbata, Angela; Oduneye, Abiola (Emerging Health Threats Journal, 2011)
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Challenges that face Kiswahili Usage in ICT in NEPAD Secondary Schools in Kenya - Akinyi, Jagero Juliet; Matu, Peter Maina (The International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2011)
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Adolescent Sexuality Education and the Cost of the Conspiracy of Silence: Lessons from Nigeria - Bammeke, Funmi O. (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
This study seeks to evaluate the extent of the knowledge of sexuality education among in-school adolescents as well as ascertain the sources of their knowledge. It also seeks to establish the relationship between knowledge of sexuality issues and sexual behavior. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, the study obtained data from 1350 adolescents in State–owned senior secondary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria. Findings from the study show that majority of the adolescents had, at one time or the other, been confused about relationship with members of the opposite sex, their bodies and even relationships with friends of the same sex. Although adolescents acknowledged that parents had prepared them for changes in their bodies more than their friends, such preparation did not include information on sex, prevention of pregnancy or what to expect in a relationship. Friends/classmates constitute adolescents’ first source of information on these issues and they are the ones from whom adolescents seek counsel when they are confused. The study underscores the need to break the silence surrounding sexuality in Nigeria as in other African societies.
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Climate Change Adaptation, Conflict and Cooperation: A Diplomatic Approach for Africa? - Bronkhorst, Salomé; Whande, Webster (2011)
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Quality and quality assurance in Ethiopian higher education - Kahsay, Mulu Nega (2011)
This book critically examines quality and quality assurance in the Ethiopian higher education context. More specifically, the main research problem that guided the study was: ‘how and under what circumstances do the public Universities in Ethiopia assure quality of their education, and what contextual factors influence their current quality assurance practices?’ Ethiopia is considered an interesting case based on the ground that it is one of the sub-Saharan African countries in which the higher education environment is characterized by rapid institutional and enrollment expansion. The study is grounded in the argument that student learning is at the center of the education mission of universities, and a quality assurance practice becomes effective when it focuses on the core educational processes and conditions that affect quality of student learning. A conceptual framework derived from the key concepts of contingency and institutional theories together with quality assurance models guided the study. We applied a mixed methods design in this research. This study found that quality of education is threatened by a number of problems, and many of the necessary conditions for quality assurance to function effectively are missing in Ethiopian universities. It is argued that establishing quality assurance aspirations, laws and regulatory bodies could not solve the quality problems in Ethiopia. The major challenge is not lack of laws, policies and structures, but rather the human element. The adoption and practice of quality assurance system at universities remains a slogan when the enabling conditions are not met. Implications of the study and suggestions for improved practices are also discussed.
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Effectiveness of the use of audiological equipment in the audiological rehabilitation of primary school pupils with hearing impairments in Nyanza Province, Kenya - Nyakado, John Abuor (2011)
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Extreme events as drivers of early human behaviour in Africa? The case for variability, not catastrophic drought - Thomas, David S.G.; Burrough, Sallie L.; Parker, Adrian (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2011)
Abstract Extreme Late Quaternary climatic events, sometimes of considerable continental extent, are being proposed as major contributors to ancestral human behaviour, particularly migration, in Africa. Most recently, a catastrophic drought in the Afro‐Asian monsoon region has been proposed for 16 000–17 000 years ago, driven by global impacts of the Heinrich event 1 (H1), with potentially significant consequences for Palaeolithic cultures. We provide a new analysis of the assertion and find, on examination of a wide set of palaeoenvironmental records, that the scale and extent of the proposed drought is not supported. While some parts of the African tropics, close to the equator, do appear dry at this time, data for the tropics as a whole suggest markedly variable terrestrial conditions, with some environmental systems experiencing very positive hydrological excursions during H1. We contend that in the quest for evidence of climate drivers of ancestral human behaviour, the variability associated with spatially and temporally complex climatic conditions is a significant factor in itself. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Determinations of under-nutrition among school-age children (6-12years) in Kawangware peri-urban slum, Nairobi province, Kenya - Chesire, Emmy Jeptoo (2011)
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Hydrological education and training needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: requirements, constraints and progress - Hughes, Denis A. (2011)
Abstract. This paper represents a perspective on the education and training needs related to hydrology and water resources science within the sub-Saharan Africa region and discusses the requirements of the region, some of the relatively recent developments and initiatives and some of the constraints that exist and remain difficult to surmount. The requirements include the development of academic research capacity and technical skill for both the private and public sector at a variety of levels. Some of the constraints that exist include a lack of adequate funding, lack of follow-up after short training courses, lack of institutional support to continue training, and competition for major water resources development projects from organizations outside the region. One of the main conclusions is that to sustain both educational and practical expertise in hydrology and water resources science within the region there is a need to build a "critical mass" of local expertise. Part of this could be achieved by increasing networking within the region and promoting the sharing of information, tools and expertise. There is also a need to promote institutional support.
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A survey to investigate how South African Occupational Therapists in private practice are assessing and treating poor handwriting in foundation phase learners: Part I Demographics and Assessment Practices - Merwe, Joanne van der; Smit, Neeltje; Vlok, Betsie (South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2011)
Poor handwriting can have a myriad of negative effects on a learner’s academic performance and emotional well-being. Appropriate assessment and early remediation of handwriting difficulties are of paramount importance in minimising these effects. This study explored, by means of a telephonic survey, the assessment practices used by South African occupational therapists in the remediation of handwriting difficulties in Foundation Phase learners. The findings show that a wide variety of informal and formal assessment methods are used. With regards to standardised performance component assessments, the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 nd edition (DTVP-2) were the preferred assessment tools. The limited use of standardised handwriting assessments is an area of concern in the light of the importance attached to providing objective evidence of the benefit of intervention on functional skills. Use of the DTVP-2 for handwriting referrals may need to be reviewed as available research has shown no significant correlation between handwriting ability and Perceptual Quotient scores on the DTVP. KEYWORDS : Assessment, Foundation Phase, Handwriting
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Parent involvement practices in special Education institutions in Zambia: A case of Bauleni Special School in Lusaka District - Musonda, Prisca (2011)
openalex: W2561943360 mag: 2561943360
Keywords: openalex:import

STUDENT FACTORS INFLUENCING CHEATING IN UNDERGRADUATE EXAMINATIONS IN UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA - Ruto, David Kiptanui; Kipkoech, Lydia; Rambaei, Daniel Kimutai (Problems of management in the 21st century (Spausdinta), 2011)
University examinations form the final and most integral part of assessing any student’s acheivement, knowledge, skills, and attitudes. However, there has been a public outcry over the rise of irreqularities in primary, secondary, and even university examinations. The purpose of this research was to investigete the student factors which influenc cheating in the undergraduate university examinations. The study design was a descriptive suvey. A sample of fifty students and ten lecturers was selected using random sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire, structured interview, and document analysis. A pilot study was carried out in the school of education in one of the public universities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics generated with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme, and were presented by use of frequency tables. The results revealed that majority of the students do not attend lectures, and factors such as lack of preparedness for examinations, peer influence, pressure from work place, and students’ lack of confidence were some of the factors contributing to cheating in examinations. Effective procedures and policies for management of examinations are also recommended to be put in place, strictly observed, and effective deterrrent measures be implemented. It was recommended that employers give off-days or study leave to staff who enroll for various courses. Key words: cheating, dishonesty, exam irregularity, integrity, management of examinations, university examinations.
openalex: W4236062177
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of climate change on the main staple crops in West Africa - Sultan, Benjamin; Philippe, René; Baron, Christian (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011)
Adaptation of agriculture to climate change requires urgent improvement of our understanding of climate impacts on crop yields, particularly in tropical regions where climate directly threatens food security. However past studies report large uncertainties because of inconsistency between climate scenarios and limited representation of the prevailing cereal production systems. More than six years of trials and surveys in Africa enabled the design of SARRA-H, a process-based crop model able to represent accurately the diversity of farmers' cultivars and practices for the two main staple crops, sorghum and millet. Conducting more than 7,000 simulations, we find that, although uncertain, future climate and potential impacts will be very different from what was observed in the recent history because of the adverse role of temperature reducing crop yields whether rainfall increases or decreases. Results demonstrate that cultivars with a high yield potential and a short, nearly constant growth cycle, as pursued by most sorghum and millet breeders until recently to reduce the yield gap in West Africa, will be less adapted to climate change than traditional cultivars selected by farmers for centuries. Breeding strategies need therefore to address the trade-off between intensification of cropping systems and resilience to climate change.
openalex: W2782207125 mag: 2782207125
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Drought Relief in North Eastern Kenya - Phase 1 - 高郁文 (2011)
Pastoralist communities living in Kenya have been severely affected by the deteriorating food security just like all the pastoralists in the horn of Africa region. The 2010/2011 Deyr and Gurains failed or performed poorly. The quality and quantity of pastu
openalex: W1494392532 mag: 1494392532
Keywords: openalex:import

Drought Relief in North Eastern Kenya - Phase 2 - 高郁文 (2011)
To continue the Phase 1 project, and besides the previous project contents, there are also several items in Phase 2 project: 1. Target households have an increased asset base through immediate short-term employment and improved community and economic infr
openalex: W2917977700 mag: 2917977700
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Libyan Public Schools’ Principals Perceptive of Their Schools as A Learning Organization - Ababneh, Saleh Ahmad (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2011)
The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of Libyan schools' principals of their schools as a Learning Organization.(36) schools principals responded to (59-items) questionnaire at 2009 spring.The results revealed that principals' perceptions of their schools as Learning Organizations were moderately to all questionnaire dimensions, except (Team Learning) which was low.There were statistical significant differences (α = 0.05) in principals' perceptions that could be attributed to school level.The results also revealed that there weren't statistical significant differences in principals' perceptions that could be attributed to their qualification and experience.The researcher recommended the Public People Committee of Education to encourage practices that help schools to change into learning organization.
openalex: W2964564393 mag: 2964564393
Keywords: openalex:import

The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa - Kemp, Chanelle; Pienaar, Anita E.; Schutte, Aletta E. (South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011)
Objective. To determine the prevalence of hypertension in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa and to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) and body composition of these children. Methods. Data were collected by means of a stratified random sampling procedure from 816 Grade 1 learners (419 boys, 397 girls) with a mean age of 6.78±0.49 years (mean±SD), in the NWCHILD-study. Height, weight, skinfolds (subscapular, triceps, calf) and waist circumference were measured. The international recommended cut-off values of Cole et al. (2000) for body mass index (BMI) were used. Hypertension, defined as the average of two separate BP (BP) readings, where the systolic BP and diastolic BP is >95th percentile for age, sex and height, was determined by means of an Omron 705CP-II. Results. The overall prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 8.5% and 24.9%, respectively. Both systolic and diastolic BP was positively associated with BMI, body fat percentage and waist circumference. Boys and girls showed a similar prevalence of hypertension. A higher percentage of black children were hypertensive compared with whites, although the difference in BP of the groups was not significant. A high percentage of children with normal weight also showed increased levels of BP. Conclusions. High prevalences of hypertension were found in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa. Small practical significant associations existed between BP and body composition. BP screening is therefore considered important in the paediatric population. Interventions which include physical activity are recommended to reduce potential cardiovascular complications and obesity among children. Other contributing factors to high BP amongst young children should also be investigated.SAJSM, vol 23 No. 4 2011
openalex: W2127211712 mag: 2127211712
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Pattern of vigorous physical activity among Egyptian freshmen university students - Montasser, Nadia Abd El-Hamed; Fattah, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany Abd El; Helal, Randah (South African journal of sports medicine (1989), 2011)
Objectives. To highlight the pattern of vigorous physical activity among freshmen university students and to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors, perceived barriers, support factors, sedentary behaviours and body mass index. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Mansoura University students at the beginning of the academic year 2008 - 2009. A total of 500 freshmen students were selected by systematic random sample. Participants responded to the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and other questions. Results. The study revealed that the prevalence of vigorous activity among the students was 9.8% (N=49) versus 90.2% (N=451) for mild and moderate activity. Body-related barriers were significantly higher among those reporting mild and moderate activities as shyness from others when doing exercise (6.9% versus 0.0%) and shyness from body looks in front of people (14.6% versus 4.1%). Lack of equipment was also perceived to be a barrier (31.0% versus 16.3%), for those doing mild to moderate versus vigorous, respectively. A significantly higher proportion of persons doing vigorous activity reported the influence of support factors such as perceived benefit for health (53.1% versus 33.7%), encouragement from others (53.1% versus 30.4%) and participation from others (51.0% versus 23.9%), compared with the more sedentary students. The majority of both groups spent <4 hours daily in front of a computer, but the overall proportion was significantly higher among those only reporting mild and moderate activity (88.0% versus 63.3%). Conclusion. The prevalence of most of the barriers studied was higher among those reporting mild and moderate activities and support factors were higher among those reporting vigorous activity. These results highlight the importance of environmental factors, social norms and intra-personal factors in determining the pattern of activity among Egyptian freshmen university students.SAJSM, vol 23 No. 4 2011
openalex: W1494418016 mag: 1494418016
Keywords: openalex:import