A feasible Open Learning framework: The case of the National University of Rwanda - Pavalam, S. M.; Sapsford, Roger; Jawahar, M. (2010)
Open Learning (OL) comes as a promising strategy for Higher Education in developing countries, especially Africa and particularly in Rwanda. The resources needed for conventional lecture driven presentation like buildings, libraries, learning platform, Software, Internet Connectivity are scarce given at the rate of expansion that Rwanda needs. However, web-based systems are also not practical as yet, because connectivity is unreliable and limited in geographical coverage (though networks are being improved at a fast pace), so a `low-tech' but electronic solution has been adopted by the National University of Rwanda (NUR) which we think will be viable even in remote areas. A strong blended learning system is being put in place to deliver multi-disciplinary degrees in the first instance, but with the intention of expanding into continuing professional development at all levels and to open routes to higher education for those who missed out or dropped out at the appropriate time. The system is in its infancy, but it looks promising as a solution to some of Rwanda's educational problems.
openalex: W2037050589 mag: 2037050589
Keywords: openalex:import

Surface displacement of the Mw 7 Machaze earthquake (Mozambique): Complementary use of multiband InSAR and radar amplitude image correlation with elastic modelling - Raucoules, Daniel; Ristori, B.; Michele, Marcello de; Briole, Pierre (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2010)
In this paper we investigate the surface displacement related to the 2006 Machaze earthquake using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and sub-pixel correlation (SPC) of radar amplitude images. We focus on surface displacement measurement during three stages of the seismic cycle. First, we examined the co-seismic stage, using an Advanced SAR (ASAR) sensor onboard the Envisat satellite. Then we investigated the post-seismic stage using the Phase Array L-band SAR sensor (PALSAR) onboard the ALOS satellite. Lastly, we focussed on the inter-seismic stage, prior to the earthquake by analysing the L-band JERS-1 SAR data. The high degree of signal decorrelation in the C-band co-seismic interferogram hinders a correct positioning of the surface rupture and correct phase unwrapping. The post-seismic L-band interferograms reveal a time-constant surface displacement, causing subsidence of the surface at a ∼ 5 cm/yr rate. This phenomenon continued to affect the close rupture field for at least two years following the earthquake and intrinsically reveals a candidate seismogenic fault trace that we use as a proxy for an inversion against an elastic dislocation model. Prior to the earthquake, the JERS interferograms do not indicate any traces of pre-seismic slip on the seismogenic fault. Therefore, slip after the earthquake is post-seismic, and it was triggered by the Machaze earthquake. This feature represents a prominent post-seismic slip event rarely observed in such a geodynamic context.
openalex: W2149003545 mag: 2149003545
Keywords: openalex:import

Open and distance learning models and management: Assessing the Nigerian diversity issues - Reju, Comfort O.; Alaneme, Gloria C.; Olayiwola, P.O. (2010)
Nigerian experience of open and distance learning (ODL) serves as a pace setter for many emerging ODL institutions in most African countries, especially the West African sub-region. The paper therefore investigates institutional models and management practices with respect to some critical aspects of ODL in the seven frontline institutions that engage in distance learning programmes in Nigeria. A descriptive comparison study of these practices reveal notable diversities, most of which are critical to the characteristic philosophy of open and distance learning. The paper discusses these issues with a proposal for unifying the good practices in various institutions in order to enhance management and delivery of ODL programmes in Nigeria.
openalex: W1969587887 mag: 1969587887
Keywords: openalex:import

Upper mantle structure beneath Cameroon from body wave tomography and the origin of the Cameroon Volcanic Line - Reusch, A. M.; Nyblade, A.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Shore, P.; Ateba, Bekoa; Tabod, Charles T.; Nnange, J. M. (Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2010)
The origin of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), a 1600 km long linear volcanic chain without age progression that crosses the ocean‐continent boundary in west‐central Africa, is investigated using body wave tomography. Relative arrival times from teleseismic P and S waves recorded on 32 temporary seismic stations over a 2‐year period were obtained using a multichannel cross‐correlation technique and then inverted for mantle velocity perturbations. The P and S wave models show a tabular low‐velocity anomaly directly beneath the CVL extending to at least 300 km depth, with perturbations of −1.0 to −2.0% for P and −2.0 to −3.0% for S. The S wave velocity variation can be attributed to a 280 K or possibly higher thermal perturbation, if composition and other effects on seismic velocity are negligible. The near vertical sides of the anomaly and its depth extent are not easily explained by models for the origin of the CVL that invoke plumes or decompression melting under reactivated shear zones, but are possibly consistent with a model invoking edge‐flow convection along the northern boundary of the Congo Craton lithosphere. If edge‐flow convection in the sublithospheric upper mantle is combined with lateral flow channeled along a fracture zone beneath the oceanic sector of the CVL, then the oceanic sector can also be explained by flow in the upper mantle deriving from variations in lithospheric thickness.
openalex: W1956538056 mag: 1956538056
Keywords: openalex:import

Barrier Removal in Increasing Physical Activity Levels in Obese African American Women with Disabilities - Rimmer, James H.; Hsieh, Kelly; Graham, Benjamin C.; Gerber, Ben S.; Gray, Jennifer (Journal of Womens Health, 2010)
Background: This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention to increase physical activity in obese African American women with mobility disabilities by targeting the removal of barriers to participation. Methods: Severely obese (mean body mass index [BMI] = 49.1 kg.m2) African American women (n = 33) with mobility disabilities completed a 6-month telephone-based physical activity coaching intervention. Results: The major environmental/facility barriers at preintervention were cost of the program (66.7%), lack of transportation (48.5%), not aware of fitness center in the area (45.5%), and lack of accessible facilities (45.5%). The major personal barriers were pain (63.6%), don't know how to exercise (45.5%), health concerns (39.4%), don't know where to exercise (39.4%), and lack of energy (36.4%). Despite only two personal barriers being significantly lower at posttest (don't know where to exercise and don't know how to exercise) (p < 0.01), total exercise time increased from <6 minutes/day to 27 minutes/day at posttest (p < 0.001), and total physical activity time (structured exercise, leisure, indoor and outdoor household activity) increased from 26 minutes/day to 89 minutes/day at posttest (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Interventions aimed at increasing physical activity participation among obese African American women with mobility disabilities should start with increasing their awareness/knowledge on where and how to exercise. Other reported barriers (e.g., cost, transportation, finding an accessible facility, health concerns, pain) may not be as critical to alter/remove as identifying where participants can exercise (i.e., home, outdoors, gym) and providing them with a variety of routines that can be performed safely in their desired setting.
openalex: W2065142101 mag: 2065142101
Keywords: openalex:import

Prioritizing climate change adaptation and local level resilience in Durban, South Africa - Roberts, Debra (Environment and Urbanization, 2010)
This paper describes the institutional and resource challenges and opportunities in getting different sectors in eThekwini Municipality (the local government responsible for planning and managing the city of Durban) to recognize and respond to their role in climate change adaptation. The Headline Climate Change Adaptation Strategy launched by the municipality in 2006 did not catalyze the development of sectoral plans or significantly influence the Integrated Development Plan, the key document through which the municipal government sets and implements development priorities. Possible causal factors for this include limited human and financial resources and more immediate and urgent development needs. To address the situation, the municipality’s Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department encouraged and supported three pilot sectors to develop their own municipal adaptation plans. This more sectoral approach encouraged greater interaction among the sectors and provided each with a clearer understanding of their needs and roles from an adaptation perspective. It also highlighted how climate change adaptation could be used as a tool to address development priorities. This work will be extended through research into the cost-benefits of Durban being an “early adapter”. Work has also begun on community-based adaptation (including support for reforestation projects that provide “green jobs”) and on responses to slow onset disasters, food security and water constraints.
openalex: W2121265154 mag: 2121265154
Keywords: openalex:import

Prioritizing climate change adaptation and local level resilience in Durban, South Africa - Roberts, Debra (Environment and Urbanization, 2010)
This paper describes the institutional and resource challenges and opportunities in getting different sectors in eThekwini Municipality (the local government responsible for planning and managing the city of Durban) to recognize and respond to their role in climate change adaptation. The Headline Climate Change Adaptation Strategy launched by the municipality in 2006 did not catalyze the development of sectoral plans or significantly influence the Integrated Development Plan, the key document through which the municipal government sets and implements development priorities. Possible causal factors for this include limited human and financial resources and more immediate and urgent development needs. To address the situation, the municipality’s Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department encouraged and supported three pilot sectors to develop their own municipal adaptation plans. This more sectoral approach encouraged greater interaction among the sectors and provided each with a clearer understanding of their needs and roles from an adaptation perspective. It also highlighted how climate change adaptation could be used as a tool to address development priorities. This work will be extended through research into the cost-benefits of Durban being an “early adapter”. Work has also begun on community-based adaptation (including support for reforestation projects that provide “green jobs”) and on responses to slow onset disasters, food security and water constraints.
openalex: W2121265154 mag: 2121265154
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Consumer Demand in the Egyptian Market of University Education - Shahin, Amany I. (International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management, 2010)
This study explores consumer demands in the Egyptian market of university education. Three aspects discussed are the value of university education in Egyptian culture, consumer perceptions regarding the quality of university education, and consumer preferences regarding the university education service. Results of the empirical investigation indicate that university education is highly regarded in Egyptian culture, however, consumer’s perception of its quality is moderate. Consumers prefer university studies in courses taught in the English language, universities in a nearby geographical location, governmental universities, and top class faculties. The study focuses on university education in Egypt and the authors hope to shed light on higher education in countries that share the same cultural characteristics. Many studies investigated higher education in different cultures, yet relatively few have considered it in an emerging nation. The present study addresses this gap.
openalex: W2015775771 mag: 2015775771
Keywords: openalex:import

A 30-MONTH PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF RETINOBLASTOMA IN THE GABRIEL TOURÉ TEACHING HOSPITAL, BAMAKO, MALI - Shields, Carol L.; Lally, Erin (Evidence-Based Ophthalmology, 2010)
Wills Eye Institute Philadelphia, PA Original study reprint requests: Dr Togo Boubacar, Paediatric Service of Gabriel Touré Hospital, Bamako BP 267, Mali. E-mail address: [email protected].
openalex: W3134335006 mag: 3134335006
Keywords: openalex:import

Effects of mothers' racial socialization and relationship quality on African American youth's school engagement: A profile approach. - Smalls, Ciara (Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2010)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between profiles of adolescents' reports of their mothers' racial socialization (e.g., racial pride and racial barrier messages) and feelings toward their mothers' parenting (e.g., providing a warm, positive climate; using child-centered strategies) and youth engagement. This research addresses the paucity of literature that examines the impact of mothers' parenting as a buffer to declines in school engagement for African American youth. Given that parenting is embedded in a specific cultural niche, this study examines the synergy between racial socialization and mother-child relationship quality. Engagement outcomes consisted of a participant's ability to persist on task in the face of obstacles (task persistence) and their interest and active participation in class (academic engagement). Latent profile analysis on the sample of 94 self-identified African American youth (ages 11-14) revealed three profiles of racial socialization and affective relationship quality. The profiles and their associations with adolescent engagement are discussed. The findings support the importance of examining racial messages in tandem with broad parenting.
openalex: W2116556789 mag: 2116556789
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of ALSO training on the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania - Sørensen, Bent; Rasch, Vibeke; Massawe, Siriel; Nyakina, Juma; Elsass, Peter; Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2010)
Abstract Objective To evaluate the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care before and after Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) training. Methods Staff involved in childbirth at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania, attended a 2‐day ALSO provider course. In this prospective intervention study conducted between July and November 2008, the management and outcomes of 558 deliveries before and 550 after the training were observed. Results There was no significant difference in the rate of cesarean deliveries owing to prolonged labor, and vacuum delivery was not practiced after the intervention. During prolonged labor, action was delayed for more than 3 hours in half of the cases. The stillbirth rate, Apgar scores, and frequency of neonatal resuscitation did not change significantly. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in newborns given to their mothers within 10 minutes, from 5.6% to 71.5% (RR 12.71; 95% CI, 9.04–17.88). There was a significant decrease from 6 to 0 neonatal deaths before discharge among those born with an Apgar score after 1 minute of 4 or more ( P = 0.03). Conclusion ALSO training had no effect on the management of prolonged labor. Early contact between newborn and mother was more frequently practiced after ALSO training and the immediate neonatal mortality decreased.
openalex: W2010874665 mag: 2010874665
Keywords: openalex:import

The use of computers in the teaching and learning of functions in school Mathematics in Eritrea - Swanepoel, Cassie; Gebrekal, Zeslassie Melake (Africa Education Review, 2010)
Abstract This article reports on an empirical investigation in which quantitative and qualitative methods were utilised to determine the effect of the use of computers on Grade 11 Eritrean Mathematics learners' mastery of the quadratic function concept. MS Excel and RJS Graph software were used to teach this topic, which is usually regarded as difficult subject matter, to an experimental group. The results of this study indicated that the use of computers had a positive impact on learners' achievement, problem-solving skills, exploration of mathematical ideas, motivation, attitude, and classroom interactions. In particular, computer use reduced the tedium of creating tables and drawing graphs and enabled learners to analyse functions and their graphs more easily, represent functions in different ways and solve real life problems using these programmes. Moreover, learners were more motivated to explore the nature and properties of functions and their graphs both on their own or in a group, make conjectures, and verify their findings. Taking into consideration the limitations in schooling in developing countries, the utilisation of computer technology can contribute to the advancement of Mathematics learning, which is a very important issue.
openalex: W1987927781 mag: 1987927781
Keywords: openalex:import

Hands-On Research School in Africa - Swinney, Harry L. (APS, 2010)
openalex: W3020680502 mag: 3020680502
Keywords: openalex:import

Seeds of Their Struggle: The Features of Under- and Overage Enrolment among Grade 4 Learners in South Africa. CREATE Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 47. - Taylor, Nick; Mabogoane, Thabo; Shindler, Jennifer; Akoobhai, Bina (2010)
openalex: W241613778 mag: 241613778
Keywords: openalex:import

LANGUAGE PRACTICES AND PERCEPTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF SIX SOUTH AFRICAN TEACHERS - Thomson, Carol; Stakhnevich, Julia (Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2010)
Using a critical perspective as its framework, this article reports on a case study that explored language practices and perceptions of six South African teachers who participated in a professional development workshop entitled “Language Across the Curriculum.” The study reveals the conflicting attitudes of the teachers toward the role of language in education and demonstrates that in contexts where the vast majority of learners do not have English as their mother tongue, a recourse to, and engagement with, the mother tongue becomes an unavoidable pedagogical necessity. Moreover, the data provide evidence to support our argument that even when working against dominant social discourses about language and race, often teachers implicitly re-inscribe them through their own discursive practices.
openalex: W2085163755 mag: 2085163755
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Financial Capacity of Older African Americans With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment - Triebel, Kristen L.; Okonkwo, Ozioma C.; Martin, Roy C.; Griffith, H. Randall; Crowther, Martha R.; Marson, Daniel C. (Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 2010)
This study investigated financial abilities of 154 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (116 white, 38 African American) using the Financial Capacity Instrument (FCI). In a series of linear regression models, we examined the effect of race on FCI performance and identified preliminary predictor variables that mediated observed racial differences on the FCI. Prior/premorbid abilities were identified. Predictor variables examined in the models included race and other demographic factors (age, education, sex), performance on global cognitive measures (MMSE, DRS-2 Total Score), history of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia), and a measure of educational achievement (WRAT-3 Arithmetic). African American patients with MCI performed below white patients with MCI on 6 of the 7 FCI domains examined and on the FCI total score. WRAT-3 Arithmetic emerged as a partial mediator of group differences on the FCI, accounting for 54% of variance. In contrast, performance on global cognitive measures and history of cardiovascular disease only accounted for 14% and 2%, respectively, of the variance. Racial disparities in financial capacity seem to exist among patients with amnestic MCI. Basic academic math skills related to educational opportunity and quality of education account for a substantial proportion of the group difference in financial performance.
openalex: W2038394998 mag: 2038394998
Keywords: openalex:import

Gendered vulnerability to climate change in Limpopo Province, South Africa - Vincent, Katharine; Cull, Tracy; Archer, Emma Rm (2010)
Copyright: 2010 Taylor and Francis. Permission is for non-exclusive, English language rights and covers use on The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa, Online Institutional, not for profit Repository. Links: www.tandf.co.uk; eBookstore at www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Many Taylor & Francis and Routledge books are now available as eBooks.
openalex: W7171975 mag: 7171975
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Social and Cultural Factors Influencing Teenage Pregnancies Among Secondary School Students in Gucha District of Kenya - Wanjohi, Anthony M. (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Teenage pregnancies and the eventual dropping out of school has been and still is a major problem bedeviling the education sector in many parts of developing countries. There are various factors that have been associated with teenage pregnancies. Among these factors are social and cultural factors that have not been fully explored in the light of the prevailing teenage pregnancies in secondary schools in Kenya. The main purpose of this study was therefore to examine the influence of these factors in teenage pregnancies among secondary school students in Gucha District of Kenya. The study examined the influence of these factors on teenage pregnancies and the interventions that can be adopted to curb the prevalence. The study employed survey research design. The sample consisted of eighty (n=80) form four students and four (n=4) teachers from four girls’ secondary schools that were selected to participate in the study. From each of the form 4 classes in respective schools, twenty (20) students were selected using systematic sampling procedure. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the students while interview method was used to collect data from teachers. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, employing both quantitative and qualitative approach. Data from the students were purely analysed quantitatively and presented in frequencies and percentages while data from teachers were analysed qualitatively. From the analysis, the study revealed the following: there are certain social-cultural related factors that influenced teenage pregnancies among secondary school students in Gucha District. These included erosion of African traditional norms and values on sexual behaviour, inadequate involvement of women in decision making (especially on reproductive health matters) and prevalence of female circumcision. In regard to the effects, the study revealed that teenage pregnancies are associated with healthy risks, school drop outs among students in the District. The study suggested all stakeholders in education to work together towards implementation of sound community and school based programs to address the issue of social-cultural aspects that are associated with teenage pregnancies among secondary school students.
openalex: W153259196 mag: 153259196
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The relationship between self-concept and academic performance of physically challenged students: a case of special secondary schools for students with physical disabilities in Kenya. - Wekesa, Violet (2010)
openalex: W2411080477 mag: 2411080477
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Fostering Linguistic Habits of Mind: Engaging Teachers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward African American Vernacular English - Wheeler, Rebecca (Language and Linguistics Compass, 2010)
Abstract This article outlines one linguistically based approach – contrastive analysis and code‐switching – for teachers of students who speak African American Vernacular English (AAVE). I discuss obstacles to bringing these linguistic insights and strategies to teachers in training and in the classroom. Across four scenarios from a teacher education program and from middle school classrooms, I describe (i) a grammatical construction or a linguistic insight covered in classes or professional development sessions with pre‐service and in‐service teachers and (ii) teachers’ work products (e.g. code‐switching charts) implementing their new knowledge. Analyzing the mismatch between (i) and (ii), I unpack teachers’ knowledge and ways of thinking about grammar, AAVE and Standard American English (SAE). This analysis reveals that teachers’ dominant language ideology and prior lack of training in the structure of English stand as limiting factors in the classroom, constraining their ability to implement a linguistically informed approach to stigmatized dialects, and constraining the linguist’s ability to communicate core linguistic principles. Finally, I show how this analysis led to adapting the core graphic organizer, the code‐switching chart, and to increasing the specificity of grammatical explanations to help teachers take steps toward building a linguistically informed language arts classroom.
openalex: W1589437084 mag: 1589437084
Keywords: openalex:import

Toxicology: Current levels of heavy metal pollution in Africa - Yabe, John; Ishizuka, Mayuni; Umemura, Takashi (日本獣醫學会会誌, 2010)
openalex: W627149779 mag: 627149779
Keywords: openalex:import

Bacteriological profile and resistant pattern of clinical isolates from pediatric patients, Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. - Yismaw, Gizachew; Abay, Solomón Mequanente; Asrat, Daniel; Yifru, Sisay; Kassu, Afework (PubMed, 2010)
Infectious diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in the developing world Antibiotic resistance is increasing. Knowledge of pathogens causing infection in pediatrics patients is essential for devising management strategies.To assess the bacteriologic profile and the resistance pattern of clinical isolates from pediatric patients in Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Retrospective analysis was done on different clinical specimens that were submitted and processed for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing during a period of September 2000 and October 2007.A total of 823 bacterial pathogens were isolated from 7886 different clinical specimens. The overall culture positivity rate was 10.4%. The three most frequent isolates were S. aureus (30%), E. coli (16.5%) and Shigella spp. (11.7%). All isolates showed intermediate level of resistance (60-80%) to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. Low level of resistance (< 60%) observed to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. Majority of the isolates (80.3%) showed multiple drug resistance (resistance to two or more drugs). In general ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs against the tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.This study shows resistance to the commonly accessible and affordable drugs has been observed in most bacterial pathogens. The detection of multi drug resistant isolates may further limit therapeutic options. Timely microbiologic surveillance and assessment of antimicrobial resistance is important for dealing with pediatric infections.
openalex: W119879892 mag: 119879892
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Kerimasite, Ca_3Zr_2(Fe_2^3+Si)O_12, a new garnet from carbonatites of Kerimasi volcano and surrounding explosion craters, northern Tanzania - Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Williams, C. T.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Кузнецова, И. В.; Spratt, John; Петров, С. В.; Keller, Jörg (Mineralogical Magazine, 2010)
Abstract Kerimasite, ideally is a new calcium zirconium silicate-ferrite member of the garnet group from the extinct nephelinitic volcano Kerimasi and surrounding explosion craters in northern Tanzania. The mineral occurs as subhedral crystals up to 100 μm in size in calcite carbonatites, and as euhedral to subhedral crystals up to 180 μm in size in carbonatite eluvium. Kerimasite is light to dark-brown in colour and transparent with a vitreous lustre. No cleavage or parting was observed and the mineral is brittle. The calculated density is 4.105(1) g/cm 3 . The micro-indentation, VHN 25 , ranges from 1168 to 1288 kg/mm 2 . Kerimasite is isotropic with n = 1.945(5). The average chemical formula of the mineral derived from electron microprobe analyses (sample K 94-25) and calculated for O = 12 and all Fe as Fe 2 O 3 is (Ca 3.00 Mn 0.01 Ce 0.01 Nd 0.01 ) Σ3.03 (Zr 1.72 Nb 0.14 Ti 0.08 Mg 0.02 Y 0.02 ) Σ1.98 ( Ti 0.09 ) Σ3.00 O 12 . The largest Fe content determined in kerimasite is 21.6 wt.% Fe 2 O 3 and this value corresponds to 1.66 a.p.f.u. in the tetrahedral site. Kerimasite is cubic, space group with a = 12.549(1) Å, V = 1976.2(4) Å 3 and Z = 8. The five strongest powder-diffraction lines [ d in Å, ( I / I o ), hkl ] are: 4.441 (49) (220), 3.140 (91) (400), 2.808 (70) (420), 2.564 (93) (422) and 1.677 (100) (642). Single-crystal structure refinement revealed the typical structure of the garnet-group minerals. The name is given after the locality, Kerimasi volcano, Tanzania.
openalex: W2317865484 mag: 2317865484
Keywords: openalex:import

Opportunities and Challenges for Public Primary School Head Teachers in the Implementation of Free Primary Education in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya: An Analytical Assessment. - Akech, Benta Achieng' Opul; Simatwa, Enose M.W. (Educational Research Review, 2010)
This study investigated opportunities and challenges for public primary school head teachers in the implementation of Free Primary Education in Kisumu municipality. Being a descriptive research, the study population consisted of 114 head teachers, 17,100 class seven and eight pupils in the municipality. Out of this, a sample of 37 head teachers and 456 class seven and eight pupils was selected through stratified random sampling method. Four instruments were employed in data collection for the study. These included: Questionnaire, Interviews, Observation and Focus Group Discussion. Qualitative data collected from open ended items in the questionnaire were analyzed on an ongoing process as themes and sub themes emerged from the data, while quantitative data collected from closed ended items in the questionnaire were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics in form of percentages, frequencies and means. The findings showed that head teachers had a number of opportunities and faced many challenges in the implementation of Free Primary Education. High enrolments, inadequate government funding, inadequate physical facilities, inadequate teaching and learning resource materials, poor teaching, overcrowded classes, poorly constructed classrooms, heavy workload for teachers due to understaffing, uncooperative parents, student indiscipline and poor financial management skills were some of the challenges that head teachers faced. The opportunities available included continuing and former street children, curricula and co-curricula materials and facilities that were in place before introduction of Free Primary Education and teachers. The head teachers adopted coping strategies in the implementation of Free Primary Education including dividing classes into streams, Parents Teachers Associations employing more teachers and providing other resources that were required. It was however, established that head teachers had a number of opportunities and strategies they could employ in implementing Free Primary Education. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Ministry of Education should address the challenges faced by head teachers in the implementation of Free Primary Education. Teachers Service Commission should also employ more teachers, and the Ministry of Education should sensitize parents on their role in the implementation of Free Primary Education, allocate more funds and train head teachers in financial management. Key words: Opportunities, challenges, free primary education, head teachers, primary, Kisumu municipality, Kenya.
openalex: W2104073282 mag: 2104073282
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Education leadership in a globalized economy: A Kenyan perspective - Ayiro, Laban P.; Sang, James K. (International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, 2010)
The 21st century has ushered in a new revolution in education leadership structures which have become the occasion of less hierarchical - more flattened, more fluid organizations. Today's management and leadership are driven by relationships that make the most of people's knowledge and enabled by networks with improved connectivity. Changing management structures, flatter organizations and new partnering arrangements implies more roles for 21st century leader, multiple stakeholders and an increasingly fragmented job where they continually face trade-offs in time, energy and focus. Their challenges include matching their leadership style to a fast-moving, complex, technology enabled education sector; holding multiple points of view without being overloaded; working with others in virtual teams, globally; articulating a compelling future vision; guiding distinct groups of people to deliver education goals. A leader in the 21st century must of necessity embrace persuasion and negotiation in order to obtain support from those under their supervision. Such leaders must be able to motivate, empower, articulate and innovate. This paper examines and highlights some of the skills. It argues out the necessity of developing and employing these skills in the Kenyan education sector for quality outcomes. Key words: Education, leadership, globalized economy, innovation, partnering arrangements, persuasion, negotiation.
openalex: W2136360705 mag: 2136360705
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Mentorship as an Initial Teacher Preparation Programme in Colleges of Education in Ghana : Views of Mentees from OLA College of Education, Cape Coast, Ghana - Esia-Donkoh, Kweku (2010)
The study was to find out the perception of mentees from OLA College of Education on mentorship programme as an initial teacher preparation in Colleges of Education in Ghana. The purposive sampling was used to select 120 mentees from OLA College of Education who were on their internship in the Mfantseman Municipality and Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese District, all in the Central Region of Ghana. The major findings were that the mentorship programme was of great benefit as an initial teacher preparation programme since mentees and teachers of the partnership schools gained a lot of knowledge, skills, and experience in the teaching and learning process. The challenges faced by the mentees include poor interpersonal relationship with some members of the community. Respondents rated the mentorship programme as very good and were of the view that it should be continued even though some improvements should be made. Among the recommendations are that series of workshops should be organized for headteachers and teachers of partner schools on their roles in the mentorship programme, so that mentees are not overburdened.
openalex: W1492539817 mag: 1492539817
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Troubling Diversity in South African Education - Francis, Dennis (2010)
openalex: W3088181388 mag: 3088181388
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A study of the general perceptual ability of mainstream and high-risk students in Nigeria - Jamabo, Atubobaralabi; Jamabo, Tamunoimama (International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences, 2010)
This study investigated whether or not academically high-risk students of Junior Secondary School 2 students in Rivers State of Nigeria differed from their mainstream counterparts with regard to their perceptual organisation. The ex post facto research design was used with a hypothesis guiding the study. Stratified random sampling was used in drawing a sample of 1,205 subjects. The survey utilized the Perceptual Organization Visual Battery Test (POVBT) for data collection. The major finding of the study was that there is a significant difference between high-risk and mainstream students in general perception as a complex psychological phenomenon. Recommendations included identifying and fitting the perceptual structure of the learner to the entire learning situation and exposing such instructional techniques to the learners in which they would benefit more. Key words: Nigeria, perceptual ability, high-risk students, mainstream students.
openalex: W2993332969 mag: 2993332969
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Influence of family attachment styles on premarital sexuality of secondary school students in Rivers state, Nigeria - Jamabo, Atubobaralabi; Jamabo, Tamunoimama (International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences, 2010)
This study is aimed at determining the influence of family attachment style on premarital sexuality of secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The survey data collected from a sample of 1000 secondary school two (SS2) were used for the study. Face and construct validity using factorial design to determine the factor structure of the instrument Cronbach-Alpha consistency coefficients at 0.73; and test-retest reliability determined as 0.87, so the instrument is considered valid and reliable. The one-way analysis of variance was used in testing the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results obtained showed a significant influence between family attachment style and premarital sexuality. The pattern of significant influence of family attachment styles on premarital sexuality is explored using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc pair wise multiple comparison analysis. It was recommended among others that parents should encourage the development of a secure and enduring attachment relationship with their children. Key words: Family attachment, premarital sexuality, peripheral sexual activities, coition, Nigeria.
openalex: W3006962100 mag: 3006962100
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An assessment of the organic pollution indicator levels of River Benue in Adamawa State, Nigeria - Maitera, O. N.; Ogugbuaja, V. O.; Barminas, J. T. (Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2010)
The assessment of organic pollution Indicator levels of River Benue in Adamawa State was carried in ten sampling stations. The sampling was done in the months of February, March, and April 2007, representing dry season, while the months of August, September, and October 2007, represent the wet season. The water and sediment samples collected were analysed using standard procedures. The pollution indicators determined includes: Dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). The results for River Benue showed the following concentrations of the parameters assessed: The BOD5 values ranged between 1.55 ± 0.68 and 3.72 ± 0.51 mg/l for dry season and 0.89 ± 0.11 and 1.70 ± 0.72 mg/l for wet season indicating that values were higher during dry season than wet season. Likewise the COD values were between 2.97 ± 0.47 and 3.57 ± 0.97 mg/l for dry season and 2.49 ± 0.47 and 2.90±0.31 mg/l for wet season. This shows high COD values during dry season than wet season. The TOC values ranged between 1.01 ± 0.06 and 1.52 ± 0.16% for dry season and 0.35 ± 0.06 and 0.56 ± 0.08% for wet season, while the DO values were between 5.27 and 6.41 mg/l for dry season and 6.32 and 8.32 mg/l for wet season. This showed that the DO was high during wet season than dry season. The BOD5, COD and TOC were high during dry season, while the DO was low and vice versa. The correlation between BOD5 versus COD gave a positive correlation of 0.652 and that of COD against TOC gave a positive correlation of 0.743 because all of them are products of oxidation. The correlation of DO against BOD5 gave a negative correlation of 0.693. The values of the organic indicators studied were within the allowable limits of WHO and NAFDAC. Key words: Organic indicators, pollution, River Benue, parameters, sediment, assessment
openalex: W2099619584 mag: 2099619584
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Changes in the quality of life of Tanzanian school children after treatment interventions using the Child‐OIDP - Mashoto, Kijakazi Obed; Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug; Skeie, Marit Slåttelid; Masalu, Joyce R. (European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2010)
Mashoto KO, Åstrøm AN, Skeie MS, Masalu JR. Changes in the quality of life of Tanzanian school children after treatment interventions using the Child‐OIDP. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 626–634. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci This study aimed to examine the evaluative properties of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child‐OIDP) inventory and to estimate treatment‐associated changes in the OIDP and self‐reported oral health following atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and oral health education (OHE). A total of 1,306 school attendees in Kilwa, Tanzania, completed the Child‐OIDP inventory before, and 6 months after, treatment. The post‐treatment questionnaire assessed change in perceived oral health. Complete baseline and follow‐up data were obtained for 104, 117, and 1,085 participants who received, respectively, ART fillings (Group A), ART fillings and tooth extraction (Group B), and OHE only (Group C). The longitudinal validity, responsiveness, and treatment‐associated changes were calculated using anova , effect sizes, and repeated general linear models (GLM). The follow‐up prevalence was 73.8%. The mean changes in the OIDP total‐ and subscale scores were negative within those who reported ‘worsened’ oral health, and positive in subjects reporting ‘improved’ oral health. Effect sizes for the total OIDP score ranged from −0.2 within the category ‘worsened’ to 0.4 within the category ‘improved’. Changes following treatment were more extensive in Group B compared with Groups A and C, and in Group C compared with Group A. The Child‐OIDP showed promising evaluative properties and responsiveness to change following ART fillings, ART fillings and tooth extraction, and OHE.
openalex: W1506216008 mag: 1506216008
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Entrepreneurship Education and Ethnic Minorities: The Case of North African Entrepreneurs in France - Nekka, Hadj; Fayolle, Alain (2010)
This important Handbook takes an international perspective on entrepreneurship education. The contributors highlight the contextual dimension of entrepreneurship education and training, and provide strong insights into how researchers and educators can learn from international practice diversity. The volume covers a wide variety of pedagogical objectives and settings in entrepreneurship education while providing a plurality of cultural and institutional points of view.
openalex: W3021585793 mag: 3021585793
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Impact of educational policy changes on home science education in secondary schools in Kenya: 1981 to 2005 - Nyangara, K. N.; Indoshi, Francis Chisikwa; Othuon, Lucas (Vocational and Technical Education, 2010)
Home science is a pre-vocational subject in the Kenyan secondary school curriculum. It is designed to equip the learner not only with theoretical concepts, but also with skills that may lead to self employment. However, impact of the educational policy changes on home science education is yet to be established. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of policy changes between 1981 and 2005 on home science education in secondary schools in Kenya. Specific objectives of the study were to find out policies guiding home science education, examine changes in home science education and assess impact of the policy changes on home science education. The study was conducted in secondary schools in Nyanza Province of Kenya. Respondents were 30 home science teachers and 151 form four home science students. Research instruments were questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis guide. Results of the study indicated that policy changes led to evolution of the home science education in Kenya in terms of structure but very few changes occurred in terms of the content. Gains made include localization of content and textbooks. However, the curriculum has increasingly become more theoretical, yet it was meant to be practical. Teachers expressed concerns about lack of in-service training whenever new changes were introduced into the curriculum. The findings raise questions about the process of vocationalization of the curriculum in relation to planning, implementation and evaluation strategies in Kenya. Key words: Home science education, contextual policy analysis, impact, curriculum evaluation.
openalex: W2982601131 mag: 2982601131
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Profile of academic and senior non-teaching staff in a Nigerian university - Yusuf, Octavany; Adebowale, Ayo Stephen; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Bamgboye, Elijah A.; Oyediran, A. B. O. O (International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2010)
This study determined whether there has been any significant change in the profile of academic and senior non-teaching staff of the University of Ibadan recruited between 1961 and 2000. A retrospective study of these two categories were examined for their qualifications, dates of first appointment and the year of promotion to the grades of assistant lecturer, lecturer 2, lecturer 1, senior lecturer, professor positions and administrative officer, assistant registrar, senior and principal registrar positions for the non-teaching staff. The time intervals to move from one position to another were calculated and these were used to obtain probabilities of attaining these positions using the Kaplan-Meier survivorship model. The mean interval between year of first appointment and year of becoming senior lecturer increased significantly with increasing cohorts for the assistant lecturers. However, there was no appreciable change in the other categories of staff. The mean interval between year of first appointment and year of becoming senior assistant registrar decreased significantly with increasing cohorts. The study showed that there has been a change in the career progression of both academic and non-teaching staff. This change in the profile of staff could affect the quality and interrelations between the different categories of staff. Key words: Profile, university of Ibadan, staff.
openalex: W2119454941 mag: 2119454941
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Effects of Team Teaching on Students Performance in Introductory Technology in Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria - Akpan, GA; Usoro, HS; Akpan, IG; Ekpo, AB (African research review, 2010)
This pre-test post-test non randomized experimental study investigated the effects of team teaching on students' performance in Introductory Technology.A total 316 Junior Secondary School Two students were randomly selected from four schools in Akwa Ibom State for the study.Data for the study was collected using Introductory Technology Achievement Test (ITAT) which was developed and validated by the researchers.The obtained data were analysed with t-test statistics for research results.Students taught Introductory Technology through team teaching approach performed significantly better than students taught by a single instructor.It was
openalex: W2035372194 mag: 2035372194
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Diglossia and Code Switching in Nigeria: Implications for English Language Teaching and Learning - Chukueggu, Coc (African Research Review, 2010)
This paper discusses a sociolinguistic phenomenon, 'diglossia' and how it relates to code-switching in bilingual and multilingual societies like Nigeria.First, it examines the relevance of the social and linguistic contexts in determining the linguistic code that bilinguals and multilinguals use in various communicative situations.It goes on to give a detailed description of the term 'diglossia' and highlights the distinctive features of a diglossia situation.It also examines the peculiar features of the varieties of languages that are involved in diglossic situations.Furthermore, it discusses the issue of code switching and the way it takes place in diglossic situations.It then explores the various diglossic situations that exist in Nigeria and the patterns of code-switching in each diglossic situation.Lastly, the paper points out the implications of the diglossic situations in Nigeria for English language teaching and learning.
openalex: W2033611401 mag: 2033611401
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Awareness, Perception And Practice Of Female Genital Mutilation Among Expectant Mothers In Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, North-Central Nigeria - Dattijo, Lamaran Makama; Nyango, Dalyop D.; Osagie, Osayande E (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2010)
WHO estimates that some 130 million women worldwide are affected, and every year another 2 million girls and young women are at risk of undergoing the practice of FGM. Although Nigeria has a prevalence of 19% in 2003,a reduction from 25% prevalence of 1999 national survey, it still has high absolute number of cases with wide regional variation. The awareness and perception of expectant mothers may give an insight as to what awaits their unborn daughters and have a bearing on the future of the practice.Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 260 expectant mothers at the antenatal clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital between 1st and 31st July 2007.Majority of the respondents (94.6%) were aware of FGM. Mass media was the main source of information. Majority (83.8%) wanted the practice to be discontinued, 31.3% reported having had FGM, most done by traditional healers. About 14.6% have a plan to circumcise their daughters citing tradition, marriage prospects, and faithfulness to husband as their reasons. Only 16.2% wanted the practice to continue.There is high level of awareness of the FGM among respondents who also have negative attitude to the practice, even as the practice is still prevalent. More health education is needed to illustrate the dangers of the practice in order to safeguard the health of the girl-child.
openalex: W2055147871 mag: 2055147871
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Climate Change Impacts on East Africa - Hussein, Muawya Ahmed (2010)
Africa contains about one-fifth of all known species of plants, mammals, and birds, as well as one-sixth of amphibians and reptiles. These species make up some of the world’s most diverse and biologically important ecosystems, such as savannahs, tropical forests, coral reef marines and freshwater habitats, wetlands, and montane ecosystems. These globally important ecosystems provide the economic foundation that many Africa countries rely on, by providing water, food, and shelter. However, because of climate change, these ecosystems and the livelihoods that depend on them are threatened. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the major impacts of climate change on conservation for East African countries including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda. As this paper illustrates, climate change in Africa is not only a conservation problem, but a socio-economic issue that must be dealt with on a global scale.
openalex: W64201655 mag: 64201655
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Self-concept and Academic Achievement of Delinquent and Non-delinquent Students in Imo State, Nigeria - Ikediashi, A (African Research Review, 2010)
This study investigated self concept and academic achievement of delinquent and non-delinquent students. A total of 120 subjects comprising of 60 non-delinquent students randomly selected from two secondary schools and 60 delinquent inmate from Boys Approved Remand home for delinquents in Imo state were used for study. The 120 students (60 delinquents and 60 non-delinquents) responded to two research instruments namely Adolescent Personal Data Inventory (APDI) for self concept and Achievement Test Battery (ATB) for academic achievement. Three hypotheses were formulated and statistically tested. Result of analysis of variance (Anova) and Sheffe’s multiple comparison testing indicate that there is a significant difference between self concept of delinquent and non-delinquent students and their academic achievement.There is also significant difference between delinquent and non-delinquent students academic achievement and furthermore result indicate a significant difference between the self concept of delinquent and non-delinquent students. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that government should provide professional psychologists and counselors to schools, and that such should be concerned with the development of self concept of their students for better academic achievement.
openalex: W2023382166 mag: 2023382166
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Evidence for the effects of environmental engagement and education on knowledge of wildlife laws in Madagascar - Keane, Aidan; Ramarolahy, Andriamahatsiaro A.; Jones, Julia P. G.; Milner‐Gulland, E. J. (Conservation Letters, 2010)
Abstract Rules are fundamental to the implementation of conservation policies, but cannot change behavior if they are not known or understood. Despite this, few studies have investigated knowledge of conservation rules or factors influencing it. Here, we quantify the effects of involvement with tourism and community‐based natural resource management, education and demographic factors on local people's awareness of Madagascar's species protection laws. Knowledge of the laws was generally low. However, those who worked as tourist guides, hosted tourists, and were involved in local forest management committees were almost twice as likely to classify correctly a species as protected compared with individuals not exposed to conservation messages in this way. This year marks 50 years since Madagascar introduced its first species protection law. It is time to recognize that rules are necessary, but not sufficient, for species protection and to devote more attention to the communication, and enforcement, of conservation rules.
openalex: W1530023348 mag: 1530023348
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Promoting Creativity and Entrepreneurship in Education: The Panacea for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria - Okoye, K. R. E.; Eze, TI (African Research Review, 2010)
Poverty among Nigerian people has been noted to be devastating to the extent that Nigeria was ranked 12 th among the poorest nations in the world by World Bank in its 2000 World Bank Atlas (Ohia, 2000).Findings also show that most Nigerians live on less than 1 Dollar per day.With poverty, hunger sets in with its attendant crime, corruption and many other social vices.These anomalies are prevalent among Nigerians because of the neglect meted out to TVET, which objectives hinge on the use of head and hands for wealth creation.This paper gives clue to phenomena about creative abilities and entrepreneurial spirit by which possession, one would expectantly become job creator rather than job seeker and as well raise his living standard above poverty level.In conclusion, the paper sadly pointed out that traditional ideas and primitive techniques that served well in the past are relegated in preference for foreign ideas and foreign made goods with minimal concern by Nigerians to improve on local capabilities.What should be done to achieve success were proffered.
openalex: W2088928562 mag: 2088928562
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Relationship between Creativity and Academic Achievement of Business Administration Students in South Western Polytechnics, Nigeria ( - Olatoye, Rafiu Ademola; Akintunde, S.O.; Ogunsanya, EA (African Research Review, 2010)
This study investigated relationship between students' creativity and academic achievement as measured by the CGPA scores. Two instruments; Nicolas Holt Creativity Test (NHCT) and Student CGPA Information Format (SCIF) were respectively used to collect data on creativity and students' CGPA scores of a sample of randomly selected 235 HNDII business administration students of Polytechnics in the South Western States ofNigeria.There was a very low negative insignificant relationship between creativity and CGPA scores (r=-0.004,p>0.05).Thus, the higher the students' creativity, the lower the CGPA score.A creative person may not necessarily be a high achiever in school.In searching for people to carry out
openalex: W2153533959 mag: 2153533959
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Education and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Granger Causality Analysis - Omojimite, Ben U. (African Research Review, 2010)
This paper examines the notion that formal education accelerates economic growth using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2005.Time series econometrics (cointegration and Granger Causality Test) are applied to test the hypothesis of a growth strategy led by improvements in the education sector.The results show that there is cointegration between public expenditures on education, primary school enrolment and economic growth.The tests revealed that public expenditures on education Granger cause economic growth but the reverse is not the case.The tests also revealed that there is bi-directional causality between public recurrent expenditures on education and economic growth.No causal relationship was established between capital expenditure on education and growth and primary school enrolment and economic growth.The paper recommends improved funding for the education sector and a review of the primary school curricula to make it more relevant to the needs of the Nigerian society.
openalex: W2089554344 mag: 2089554344
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Sub-Saharan Northern African climate at the end of the twenty-first century: forcing factors and climate change processes - Patricola, Christina M.; Cook, Kerry H. (Climate Dynamics, 2010)
A regional climate model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, is forced with increased atmospheric CO2 and anomalous SSTs and lateral boundary conditions derived from nine coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models to produce an ensemble set of nine future climate simulations for northern Africa at the end of the twenty-first century. A well validated control simulation, agreement among ensemble members, and a physical understanding of the future climate change enhance confidence in the predictions. The regional model ensembles produce consistent precipitation projections over much of northern tropical Africa. A moisture budget analysis is used to identify the circulation changes that support future precipitation anomalies. The projected midsummer drought over the Guinean Coast region is related partly to weakened monsoon flow. Since the rainfall maximum demonstrates a southward bias in the control simulation in July–August, this may be indicative of future summer drying over the Sahel. Wetter conditions in late summer over the Sahel are associated with enhanced moisture transport by the West African westerly jet, a strengthening of the jet itself, and moisture transport from the Mediterranean. Severe drought in East Africa during August and September is accompanied by a weakened Indian monsoon and Somali jet. Simulations with projected and idealized SST forcing suggest that overall SST warming in part supports this regional model ensemble agreement, although changes in SST gradients are important over West Africa in spring and fall. Simulations which isolate the role of individual climate forcings suggest that the spatial distribution of the rainfall predictions is controlled by the anomalous SST and lateral boundary conditions, while CO2 forcing within the regional model domain plays an important secondary role and generally produces wetter conditions.
openalex: W2083315513 mag: 2083315513
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Pattern of Ototoxicity in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Salisu, Abubakar Danjuma; Hasheem, Muhammad Ghazali (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2010)
Ototoxicity is a preventable cause of irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. This paper aims to highlight the pattern of ototoxicity seen in a tertiary health institution.A retrospective study of patients with ototoxicity seen over a seven year period at ENT department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Case notes were retrieved and studied.Fifty nine patients made up 37 males and 22 females were seen with 86% in the age group 20-60 years. The commonest ototoxic drugs were aminoglycosides (37.3%), loop diuretics (27.1%), antimalarials (23.7%) and traditional concoctions (11.9%). The commonest presentation from most drugs was permanent sensorineural hearing loss (50-85%). Associated comorbid conditions included "febrile illness" (475%), hypertension (30.5%), diabetes mellitus (13.6%), renal disease (5%). Follow-up was poor. Only 18 patients presented for review beyond a second hospital visit, only those with ototoxicity from antimalarials recovered hearing. There were no effective audiometric and serum drug monitoring mechanism in place before, during or after therapy with ototoxic medications.Ototoxicity is not uncommon and attempts at prevention are feeble. Increased awareness of this condition is advised. High frequency audiometric assessment, otoacoustic emission and serum drug monitoring facilities should be provided at health institutions. Caution should be exercised when prescribing ototoxic drugs in the presence of other risk factors.
openalex: W2092776760 mag: 2092776760
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Where Are All the Black Male Students? African Americans' School Achievement, the Social Psychology of Denial, and Arts Education as a Mediating Influence - Walton, Calvin Wesley; Wiggan, Greg (2010)
openalex: W2290575688 mag: 2290575688
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Imported tungiasis in a Japanese student returning from East Africa - Yotsu, Rie Roselyne; Tamaki, Takeshi; Ujiie, Mugen; Takeshita, Nozomi; Kanagawa, Shuzo; Kudo, Kohsuke; Hayashi, Toshihiko (The Journal of Dermatology, 2010)
Ectoparastiosis by Tunga penetrans is becoming more common in non-tropical countries as people travel more to endemic areas. We present here a classic case of imported tungiasis including a history of visit to an endemic region and its typical presentation. Diagnosis with dermoscopy, treatment and prevention are discussed.
openalex: W1523275615 mag: 1523275615
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Female leadership and school effectiveness in junior high schools in Ghana - Agezo, Clement Kwadzo (Journal of Educational Administration, 2010)
Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine female principal leadership practices that are considered crucial in the effectiveness and improvement of schools and school administration in Ghanaian junior high schools. Design/methodology/approach The study was qualitative and interpretive. Five principals of junior high schools were interviewed, their schools observed over a period of three months, and schools' records examined. Findings The schools had shared visions and missions that were well articulated by the principals and other stakeholders. The principals created a work environment that encouraged creative thinking; designed and implemented new and cutting edge programs; and challenged the status quo. Research limitations/implications As a male researching into female leadership, the researcher's gender might influence some of the findings. The sample size is not large enough for any meaningful generalization to be made beyond similar context and geographical contexts. Practical implications The female principals were transformational leaders, a leadership style demanded in organizations during the twenty‐first century. Originality/value At the time that this research was conducted, it was the first study on female principal leadership in junior high schools in Ghana.
openalex: W1976839617 mag: 1976839617
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The contribution of the eBioKit to Bioinformatics Education in Southern Africa - Fuxelius, Henrik; Bongcam, Erik; Jaufeerally, Yasmina (EMBnet.journal, 2010)
As bioinformatics has been making major progress and contributing to the development in the rest of the world, it has still not yet fully integrated the tertiary education and research sector in the countries of Southern Africa. In this context SANBio (Southern African Network for Biosciences) launched a project in 2009, on capacity building in this area so as to address the immediate needs of the scientific community within the region.
openalex: W2015920745 mag: 2015920745
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University students’ context-dependent conscious attitudes towards the official South African languages - Hilton, Nanna Haug (Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2010)
Abstract This paper considers the results of an empirical investigation of overt language attitudes held by students attending North-West University, South Africa. Attitudes elicited from 325 students with mainly Setswana, Sesotho, Afrikaans and English as home languages are analysed comparatively. The study explores the relationship between language preferences in an educational environment and language preferences in other domains of students’ daily lives. The study thus indicates how different languages fulfil different roles in a multilingual university environment. The results presented are compared with findings reported in earlier attitudinal investigations from the Eastern Cape. In addition, a comparative analysis of attitudes by Afrikaans speakers is conducted considering students attending classes at two different campuses of the North-West University. At the traditional Afrikaans university campus, Potchefstroom, students show a higher regard for Afrikaans than students who attend classes at the Vaal Triangle. These findings are used in a discussion of context dependency of overt language preferences.
openalex: W1981942512 mag: 1981942512
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The EFL Essay Writing Difficulties of Egyptian Student Teachers of English: Implications for Essay Writing Curriculum and Instruction - Ahmed, Abdel Hamid Mohamed Abdel Hamid (2010)
openalex: W636187947 mag: 636187947
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Hydrological model and data analysis support for climate change adaptation strategies within a South African water board - Hughes, D.; Muller, Waldo (2010)
openalex: W2312938555 mag: 2312938555
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COMPARING SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION FOR HIGHER LEARNING IN CANADA AND NIGERIA - Kola‐Olusanya, Anthony; Glazebrook, Trish (2010)
openalex: W2276002169 mag: 2276002169
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Information Seeking Behavior of the Off-Campus Students at the University of Botswana: A Case of Two Satellite Centers - Oladokun, Olugbade (Journal of Library Administration, 2010)
ABSTRACT The focus of this study is on the information-seeking behavior of the off-campus students in 2 of the 7 satellite centers of the Centre for Continuing Education, the outreach arm of the University of Botswana. Although the university deeply committed itself to the project, the university library could not afford to establish branch libraries in all the off-campus centers. With the nearest university branch libraries located some 160 km and 200 km away from the centers of study and only branch offices of the public library available, the findings revealed that the library and information needs of the students were not significantly met. As printed sources were revealed as their preferred choice of information format, e-mail and the Internet sources were not given much priority, even though there was evidence that suggests the students were adequately equipped through the teaching of information skills. Questionnaire and interview tools were used.
openalex: W2169623618 mag: 2169623618
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Presentation and Follow-up Patterns of Child and Adolescent Patients attending a Teaching Hospital Psychiatric Clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. - Oshodi, OY; Erinfolami, AR (Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010)
Background: Child and Adolescent Mental Health is a fast developing subspeciality of psychiatry in low income countries. Units in tertiary hospital settings are well positioned to be useful referral centres for young patients from other areas of medicine in such hospitals. Aim: The authors aimed at describing the ways in which the children/ adolescents presented at the psychiatric out patient clinics and their follow up attendance patterns. Method: The study was retrospective in nature, with data gathered basically from the case file records. All the records of patients that were aged below 16 years old at first presentation and were registered between January 1993 and December 2008 were included. Results: A total of 106 cases were included in the study. Mean age was 8.84 + / - 3.5) years and 60.4% were male and 39.6 female. For majority of them, the key informant at presentation was the mother (55.3%), followed by the father (19.4%) and in some cases both parents (15.1)%. It was seen from this study that more than half (55.6%)of the patients seen in the unit were referred from the paediatric neurology clinic within the teaching hospital, while another quarter (25.5%) were from child guidance centres in the community; only 15.1% walked in from the community on their own initiative. Abnormal behaviours , seizures and restlessness were the commonest reasons for presenting. Over 88% had stopped attending the clinic over the years while about 11% were still attending regularly. The average total number of clinic visits was 7.65 + - total 8.5). Conclusion: Child and Adolescent units are relevant referral units for patients with developmental or neurological problems identified from other hospital units and community child service providers. Default rates in clinic attendance is however high.Key Words: Child, Adolescent, Psychiatry, Africa, Hospital
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Tackling the drought in Syria - Solh, Mahmoud (Nature Middle East, 2010)
openalex: W2319450325 mag: 2319450325
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Impacts of a changing climate on hydrology and water supply in the Mgeni catchment, South Africa - Summerton, Mark (2010)
openalex: W2322420212 mag: 2322420212
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Fruits and vegetables consumption and associated factors among in-school adolescents in seven African countries - Peltzer, Karl; Pengpid, Supa (International Journal of Public Health, 2010)
To present data on fruits and vegetables consumption and associated factors among African in-school adolescents. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire from nationally representative samples (total 17,656) of school children aged 13–15 years in seven African countries. Thirty-six percent (36%) and 23% of 13–15-year-old boys and 32.6 and 22.3% of the 13–15-year-old girls had inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (less than once per day). In multivariate analysis, inadequate fruits consumption was associated with distal factors such as going without food (OR = 1.50, P = .001), being male (OR = 1.23, P = .012) and higher education (OR = 1.56, P = .001), proximal factors including lack of care giver connectedness (OR = 1.41, P = .000), and smoking (OR = 1.52, P = .004), and inadequate vegetables consumption was associated with lack of care giver supervision (OR = 1.57, P = .000), no close friends (OR = 1.55, P = .000) and having less education (OR = 0.73, P = .002). The results stress the need for intervention programmes aimed at increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, targeting proximal factors such as the family environment, distal factors by aiming at reaching adolescents from lower socio-economic groups and integrating other risk factors such as substance use and mental distress into health promotion among adolescents.
openalex: W2044095587 mag: 2044095587
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Dummy auxiliaries in the second language acquisition of Moroccan learners of Dutch: Form and function - Craats, I. van de; Hout, R.W.N.M. van (Second Language Research, 2010)
This study examines an interlanguage in which Moroccan learners of Dutch use non-thematic verbs in combination with thematic verbs that can be inflected as well. These non-thematic verbs are real dummy auxiliaries because they are deprived of semantic content and primarily have a syntactic function. Whereas in earlier second language (L2) research only patterns with ‘be’ were found for learners of three Germanic languages with various first language (L1) backgrounds, an alternative dummy auxiliary pattern was observed with ‘go’ in the data of the Moroccan learners of Dutch. We argue that the auxiliary pattern with ‘go’ is bootstrapped by the unique similarities between Dutch (L2) and Arabic (L1). The emergence of dummy auxiliaries precedes movement of the thematic verb, and it turns out that adult L2 learners can be plainly focused on expressing syntactic properties.
openalex: W2114851712 mag: 2114851712
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Indoor Air Pollution and African Death Rates (2010)
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Conflict resolution in Somalia : learning from failed mediation processes - Makhubela, Lucas Mahlasela (2010)
openalex: W784251025 mag: 784251025
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UNIVERSITY DIVERSITY TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT: THE PERSPECTIVES OF AFRICAN, LATINA/O, ASIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDER, AND NATIVE AMERICAN STUDENTS - Monago, Emily Ann (2010)
Lynda D. Dixon, Advisor Communication scholars have acknowledged that racial diversity does not receive adequate examination from organizational communication scholars. This study examined racerelated diversity training at a predominantly white Northwest Ohio university from the perspectives of undergraduate African, Latina/o, Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native American (ALANA) students. Research demonstrates that on predominantly white campuses, ALANA students may face unique challenges that may differ from the experiences of their white peers. However, race-related diversity training programs are frequently developed without assessing the needs of ALANA people. This research used open-ended surveys with 127 ALANA students, audiotape recorded interviews with seven ALANA students, and a diversity training manual. Grounded theory was used to develop themes. The manual themes were compared to ALANAgenerated themes to assess whether students needs were being met by the current diversity training program. There were three race-related themes that materialized as unmet needs for the participants. The three unmet needs were assistance with coping with the biases of others; the ability to recognize support and develop richer interpersonal relationships; and the obligation to educate others about ALANA people while simultaneously representing all people from their respective ALANA groups. There were two themes that manifested differently in the manual and student data. These themes were examining natural behaviors and actions and making connections with life experiences. In conclusion, the diversity training activities contained in the manual do not fully meet the needs of ALANA students. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of the findings, implications, and future recommendations.
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IDENTIFICATION OF READING DISABILITIES AND TEACHER-ORIENTED CHALLENGES: IN TEACHING READING TO STANDARD FIVE LEARNERS IN NYERI AND NAIROBI DISTRICTS, KENYA - Runo, Mary (2010)
A Research Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Special Education of Kenyatta University, March 2010
openalex: W2120122164 mag: 2120122164
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Drought Coping and Adaptation Strategies: Understanding Adaptations to Climate Change in Agro-pastoral Livestock Production in Makueni District, Kenya - Speranza, Chinwe Ifejika (The European Journal of Development Research, 2010)
openalex: W2038179365 mag: 2038179365
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Intergenerational Transmission of Chronic Illness Self-care: Results From the Caring for Hypertension in African American Families Study - Warren‐Findlow, Jan; Seymour, Rachel B.; Shenk, Dena (The Gerontologist, 2010)
African Americans often experience early onset of hypertension that can result in generations of adults managing high blood pressure concurrently. Using a model based on the Theory of Interdependence, this study examined whether intergenerational transmission of hypertension knowledge and self-efficacy would affect hypertension self-care of older parents and their adult children.We recruited 95 African American older parent-adult child dyads with hypertension. We constructed separate logistic regression models for older parents and adult children with medication adherence as the outcome. Each model included individual demographic and health characteristics, the partner's knowledge, and self-efficacy to manage hypertension and dyad-related characteristics.Parents were more adherent with medication than adult children (67.4% vs. 49.5%, p < .012). There were no significant factors associated with parent medication adherence. In adjusted models for adult children, medication adherence was associated with child's gender (odds ratio [OR] = 3.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-8.59), parent beliefs that the child had better hypertension self-care (OR = 4.36, 95% CI = 1.34-14.17), and child reports that the dyad conversed about hypertension (OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.18-10.29). Parental knowledge of hypertension and parent's self-efficacy were weakly associated with adult children's medication adherence (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.99-1.84 and OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 0.94-7.12, respectively).Interventions should consider targeting African American older adults to increase self-care knowledge and empower them as a primary influencer of hypertension self-care within the family.
openalex: W2166681886 mag: 2166681886
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A Case of a Mother Tongue and Another Mother Tongue in School: Efforts at Revitalization of Olusuba Language of Kenya - Obiero, Ogone John (The Journal of Third World Studies, 2010)
INTRODUCTION An alarming decline in the number of languages has been reported in various scholarly works around the world. (1) The concern over the disappearance of languages could actually be dated back to the 5th Century. (2) In the case of Hebrew, for example, the decline was already felt by the 3rd Century. (3) On the African continent, language decline has largely been accelerated by language contact between some minority and dominant indigenous languages. For instance, Swahili replaced several community languages in Tanzania, Somali in Somalia; and Arabic in the Maghreb region. In some other contact situations, languages of wider communication which were not necessarily colonial languages took over. This is perhaps the case with the hegemony of Amharic in Ethiopia, Bambara in Mali, Hausa in Niger and Nigeria and Wolof in Senegal over other indigenous languages. But in other cases in Africa, languages of retreating speech communities are suffocated by other relatively small indigenous languages with which they come into contact. Brenzinger (4) reports the Ethiopian case in which Ongota is replaced by Ts'amakko, Kwegu by Mursi, Shabo by Majang' and Harro by Bayso. Batibo (5) probably has the most comprehensive compilation of all the endangered languages across the African continent. Despite such cases of widespread decline of languages, several minority groups are putting in place a spirited battle for cultural sovereignty, featuring language revival. Though a number of these revival attempts may sometimes bear political sentiments, most of them tend to begin with a language project. As is the case with language decline, language revival projects have also been widely reported across the world. There are dozens of accounts on language revival attempts reported with varying degrees of success or failure. (6) Yet in Africa, apart from reports on cases of language decline on the continent, clear-cut accounts of language revival projects are yet to be posted: very little has been documented on the process of language revival or revitalization in an African context. (7) It would thus be accurate to add that where there is scanty documentation on the process of revival as is the case with the African continent, evaluative studies on revival projects can only be near non-existent. The Problem is further compounded by the fact that whatever projects that may be launched to save an indigenous African language would come in the typical fashion of first attempts, which are bound to be haphazard, to say the least. In Kenya, for instance, of the 56 indigenous languages, about 13 are highly endangered while a dozen are either extinct or nearly extinct. Among the highly endagererd languages in Kenya are Boni, Dahalo, Burji, Daasanach, Digo, Konkani, Malakote, Nubi, Sagalla, Sanye, Chifundi, Vumba and Olusuba. The extinct are Elmolo, Okiek, Yaaku, Omotik, Kore, Bongom, Degere, Kinare, Loekoti, Segeju, Sogoo and Ware. This is not to say that the dominant indigenous languages in Kenya are any safer. In Kenya as in other African states, indigenous languages suffer the disadvantage of existing alongside either English (a former colonial language) or Kiswahili (a lingua franca), which may be attributed to the difficult choices based on the politics of language policy in a multi-lingual set up. But this unequal contact is worse within the school system in which Kenya's language policy for early primary appears to systematically suffocate the indigenous languages. As it were, the school curriculum here provides for the use of mother tongue as language of instruction between classes 1 to 3. At these stages, English and Kiswahili are taught as subjects, but may also be used for instruction where the mother tongue is not the language of the catchment area. In the current dispensation, the mother tongue is not only allocated little time but also discontinued once the pupils reach standard four. …
openalex: W305522675 mag: 305522675
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Book Review: Habtamu Wondimu - "Handbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia" - Olika, Tafesse (Ethiopian journal of the social sciences and humanities, 2010)
In this work the author, Professor Habtamu Wondimu has treated an interesting issue in a lucid fashion using clear language and methodology of presentation.The issue is not only topical seen from the Ethiopian context, a country that has embarked on a socio-political transition from military dictatorship with its basis in feudal autocracy to a federal democratic polity where great efforts to realize social justice, peace and development through guaranteeing citizens democratic and human rights have to be made in practice, not in rhetoric.This is what this work will contribute to and what makes it interesting and topical and for what the author deserves credit.To be precise, Habtamu has to be congratulated for having made a kick-start to producing a material of national importance of the type of his Handbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia.To be sure, the challenges that confront these lofty ideal of promoting peace, human rights, and democracy are many and diverse.This is what Habtamu tries to make.The Handbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia also discusses in a clear and lucid manner with clear language and methods of presentation the issues of the rights of the child upon which the future fate of the Ethiopian polity rests in earnest.This is what Habtamu dwells on with details in the first chapter of the work.What the author tries to underscore in the chapter is the fact that respect of the rights is the collective responsibility of members of the society.Habtamu also has made assessment of the history, categories of rights, and international instruments of human rights, which Ethiopia has also signed.These are presented in an impressive clarity -understandable to students, educators, and all interested-with the intention to show that the issue of the rights of the child is national, regional and global in nature.Moreover, the author has provided a glossary of relevant technical terminologies used in his work and a long list of references that can also serve as materials for further reading are provided at the end of the work.Indeed, this is not what is not expected of Professor Habtamu owing to the fact that he is a professional and experienced educator in social psychology.All these however do not suggest that this Handbook is without flaws.For example, in his overview of the socio-political background to this work, where he has tried to put in perspective the need for peace and human rights education in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) (pp.1 -3), Habtamu does not seem to have given emphasis to the fact that the bad legacy of the past still has its shadow on the present.
openalex: W2036514161 mag: 2036514161
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How I was like a Nigerian high-school girl (Physics Today, 2010)
<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> Five years ago the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics conducted a web-based survey of women physicists around the world. The survey coincided with the second International Conference on Women in Physics, which was convened in Rio de Janeiro by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics.</xhtml:span>
openalex: W288336585 mag: 288336585
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An Investigation into Professional Practical Knowledge of EFL Experienced Teachers in Egypt: Implications for Pre-service and In-service Teacher Learning - Abdelhafez, Ahmed (2010)
openalex: W818162902 mag: 818162902
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Profile and professional expectations of medical students in Mozambique: a longitudinal study - Ferrinho, Paulo; Fronteira, Inês; Sidat, Mohsin; Sousa, Fernando; Dussault, Gilles (Human Resources for Health, 2010)
This paper compares the socioeconomic profile of medical students registered at the Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (FM-UEM), Maputo, for the years 1998/99 and 2007/08.The objective is to describe the medical students' social and geographical origins, expectations and perceived difficulties regarding their education and professional future. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to all medical students.The response rate in 1998/99 was 51% (227/441) and 50% in 2007/08 (484/968).The main results reflect a doubling of the number of students enrolled for medical studies at the FM-UEM, associated with improved student performance (as reflected by failure rates). Nevertheless, satisfaction with the training received remains low and, now as before, students still identify lack of access to books or learning technology and inadequate teacher preparedness as major problems.There is a high level of commitment to public sector service. However, students, as future doctors, have very high salary expectations that will not be met by current public sector salary scales. This is reflected in an increasing degree of orientation to double sector employment after graduation.
openalex: W2117733143 mag: 2117733143
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Indoor Air Pollution and Health Risks among Rural Dwellers in Odeda Area, South-Western Nigeria - Oguntoke, Olusegun; Opeolu, Beatrice O; Babatunde, N (Ethiopian journal of environmental studies and management, 2010)
This study monitored the concentration of five greenhouse gases and examined the health outcome among the exposed rural residents. A total of 15 villages were randomly selected from the list of villages without electricity supply in Odeda local government area, Ogun State (southwestern Nigeria). Gasman auto sampler was used to monitor indoor air quality in houses selected through systematic random sampling. Air monitoring was observed in replicates over a period of three months. In order to elicit information on energy utilization and occurrence of air pollution related health problems among the rural dwellers, one questionnaire was administered to a male or female household head in each selected house. Due to absence of reliable health records in the area, recall method was used collect information on the health problems treated and or experienced by village dwellers. The mean values of SO2, NO2, CO, H2S and CH4 are 0.05±0.005, 0.21±0.013, 82.5±1.98, 0.15±0.009 and 0.15±0.01 among the fifteen villages. Although there were no significant variations in the concentration of these gases among the villages, they were all above the recommended National Ambient Air standards. The trend of indoor air pollution may not be unconnected with 83.3 percent of the residents depending on fuel-wood for energy supply. Overall, more than one-quarter of the residents cook within their dwelling units. Prevalent health problems among the residents included sneezing (44%), nausea(34%), headache (34%), dizziness (31.1%), eye irritation (23.3%), and catarrh (24%) among others. These health problems are largely consequences of human exposure to high concentration of gaseous pollutants in the air. Intervention to control rural indoor air pollution requires urgent attention so as to preserve the health of teeming rural inhabitants and safeguard the overall environment.Key words: Indoor environment, air quality, rural health, fuel-wood
openalex: W2001336546 mag: 2001336546
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Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa: A Phenomenographic Study of Students' Conceptions at the University of the Witwatersrand - Ojo, Emmanuel (2010)
openalex: W616901810 mag: 616901810
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Education–Occupation Mismatch Status Among Immigrants in South Africa and the United States - Thomas, Kevin J. A. (Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2010)
In this study, a comparative–international approach is used to examine race–ethnic disparities in education–occupation mismatch status among immigrants. Using data from the USA and South Africa, this study finds that immigrants are most likely to be undereducated, or have less schooling for their jobs, when their racial characteristics are similar to those of the local racial majority. Black immigrants in South Africa and White immigrants in the USA are the most likely to be undereducated. Having racial characteristics similar to those of the local racial majority is associated with a lower likelihood of overeducation among immigrants.
openalex: W1988052214 mag: 1988052214
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Improving waste management through a process of learning: the South African waste information system - Godfrey, Linda; Scott, Dianne (Waste Management & Research, 2010)
Piloting of the South African Waste Information System (SAWIS) provided an opportunity to research whether the collection of data for a national waste information system could, through a process of learning, change the way that waste is managed in the country, such that there is a noticeable improvement. The interviews with officials from municipalities and private waste companies, conducted as part of the piloting of the SAWIS, highlighted that certain organizations, typically private waste companies have been successful in collecting waste data. Through a process of learning, these organizations have utilized this waste data to inform and manage their operations. The drivers of such data collection efforts were seen to be financial (business) sustainability and environmental reporting obligations, particularly where the company had an international parent company. However, participants highlighted a number of constraints, particularly within public (municipal) waste facilities which hindered both the collection of waste data and the utilization of this data to effect change in the way waste is managed. These constraints included a lack of equipment and institutional capacity in the collection of data. The utilization of this data in effecting change was further hindered by governance challenges such as politics, bureaucracy and procurement, evident in a developing country context such as South Africa. The results show that while knowledge is a necessary condition for resultant action, a theoretical framework of learning does not account for all observed factors, particularly external influences.
openalex: W2035265039 mag: 2035265039
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AQUIFERES SUPERFICIELS ET PROFONDS ET POLLUTION URBAINE EN AFRIQUE : Cas de la communauté urbaine de Niamey (NIGER) - Hassane, Aissata Boubakar (2010)
L'etude est menee au Sud-Ouest du Niger, en bordure du fleuve Niger, en milieu semi-aride, sur les aquiferes de la ville de Niamey et de ses environs immediats. Les differents aquiferes sont contenus dans les formations birimiennes du socle precambrien qui forment le substratum de la ville, les formations sablo-argileuses du Continental Terminal 3 qui s'elevent sur le plateau de la rive gauche et les alluvions quaternaires de la vallee du fleuve et de ses affluents. Au milieu des annees 1980, un severe etiage du fleuve Niger a motive le creusement de 120 forages captant les aquiferes du socle fissure afin d'assurer l'alimentation en eau de la ville. Une pollution nitratee, liee a l'urbanisation incontrolee et a la deforestation, a ete mise en evidence. En effet, le developpement des infrastructures urbaines (extension des reseaux d'assainissement et d'alimentation en eau) n'a pas pu suivre la croissance demographique (4,5%.an-1, 1988-2001), ce qui laisse craindre une accentuation de la pollution des eaux souterraines alors que la demande en eau de la ville est croissante. L'objectif principal de ce present travail est donc de faire un etat des lieux de la qualite des eaux souterraines a travers une etude croisee de la piezometrie et des parametres physico-chimiques. Dans cette optique, un suivi piezometrique et physico-chimique mensuel sur une annee (70 chroniques piezometriques saisonnieres -1047 mesures-, 80 chroniques de conductivite -1200 mesures-) et quatre campagnes d'echantillonnages (232 echantillons) pour l'analyse des ions majeurs, completes par une campagne de 21 jours pour des analyses bacteriologiques (50 echantillons) ont ete entrepris sur 3 annees. Ces donnees sont completees par celles deja existantes sur la zone d'etude dans le but de mettre en evidence les evolutions de la ressource en eau a une echelle pluridecennale aux plans quantitatifs et qualitatifs. La faible profondeur de la nappe (0,5 a 30 m) et la mise en evidence des variations saisonnieres du niveau piezometrique sur tous les puits de la zone captant les aquiferes superficiels (reservoir d'alterites et CT3) montrent que la zone d'etude est une zone de recharge. Cette caracteristique concourt a favoriser le transfert des polluants. Au plan de la qualite des eaux, les sources et les processus de la mineralisation des eaux des differents aquiferes ont ete precises en utilisant les techniques statistiques multivariees (ACP, CAH, AFD), les diagrammes binaires, les rapports ioniques et la distinction des facies chimiques. La pollution nitratee deja mise en evidence a ete confirmee avec 44% des points d'eau echantillonnes presentant des teneurs superieures a la norme OMS de potabilite de l'eau de boisson (50 mg.L-1), et des valeurs atteignant 816 mg.L-1 soit plus de 16 fois superieures a cette norme. 14% des forages echantillonnes ont montre une evolution de la pollution nitratee sur une vingtaine d'annees. D'une maniere generale, les eaux souterraines localisees en centre ville et au niveau de la vallee du fleuve presentent les plus fortes teneurs en elements dissous, indiquant ainsi que l'urbanisation est l'un des principaux facteurs controlant la modification de la mineralisation naturelle des eaux. Mots cles : urbanisation, nappe libre, piezometrie, geochimie, nitrates, milieu semi-aride, Niamey, Niger.
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AQUIFERES SUPERFICIELS ET PROFONDS ET POLLUTION URBAINE EN AFRIQUE : Cas de la communauté urbaine de Niamey (NIGER) - Hassane, Aissata Boubakar (2010)
openalex: W4392181019
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University medical education in Kenya: The challenges - Ndetei, David M.; Mathai, Muthoni; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Mutiso, Victoria; Mbwayo, Anne (Medical Teacher, 2010)
There are two medical schools training doctors in Kenya: the Moi University established in 1984 and the University of Nairobi established in 1967. The University of Nairobi has so far produced the majority of Kenyan doctors. Both are public universities with the Government being the main financier. The increased demand for university education and the inability to meet these demands has led to the introduction of a system of training self-sponsored medical students alongside Government-subsidised students. One other public university has started a medical school. The pressure to increase the number of schools and students in the absence of increased resources poses a particular challenge to the country.
openalex: W2017751081 mag: 2017751081
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Climate Change Surge: Implementing Stringent Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in South Africa - Odeku, Kola O.; Meyer, Edson L. (Journal of African Law, 2010)
Abstract This article examines how the South African government, realizing the country's vulnerability to climate change, deemed it necessary to strengthen adaptation and mitigation measures and put in place legal and institutional frameworks to ensure implementation and compliance. Government must take responsibility for industry's inaction by implementing policies on climate change and, more importantly, through a visible change in government policy to hold industry accountable. The stringent policies and strategies being put in place are reducing vulnerability and also enhancing a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, climatic, resource and economic perturbations. The article further reviews state of the art methods and tools available to strengthen mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures in the areas of the existing frameworks regarding climate change. It also considers various measures by Eskom in particular, and strategies embarked upon by South Africa's national and local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
openalex: W2033306326 mag: 2033306326
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An assessment of the value of simulation based learning within an aeromedical service in Johannesburg, South Africa - Partridge, Gayle Anne (2010)
openalex: W2296438536 mag: 2296438536
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Health worker performance in the management of paediatric fevers following in-service training and exposure to job aids in Kenya - Wasunna, Beatrice; Zurovac, Dejan; Bruce, Jane; Jones, Caroline; Webster, Jayne; Snow, Robert W. (Malaria Journal, 2010)
Improving the way artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is provided to patients attending clinics is critical to maximize the benefit of this new medicine. In 2007, a new initiative was launched in one part of Kenya to improve malaria case-management through enhanced in-service training and provision of job aids. An evaluation of the intervention using pre- and post-intervention cross sectional health facility surveys was conducted in Bondo district. The surveys included: audit of government health facilities, health worker structured interviews and exit interviews with caretakers of sick children below five years of age. The outcome indicators were the proportions of febrile children who had AL prescribed, AL dispensed, and four different dispensing and counseling tasks performed. At baseline 33 government health facilities, 48 health workers and 386 febrile child consultations were evaluated. At follow-up the same health facilities were surveyed and 36 health workers and 390 febrile child consultations evaluated. The findings show: 1) no health facility or health worker was exposed to all components of the intervention; 2) the proportion of health workers who received the enhanced in-service training was 67%; 3) the proportion of febrile children with uncomplicated malaria treated with the first-line anti-malarial drug, artemether-lumefantrine (AL), at health facilities where AL was in stock increased from 76.9% (95%CI: 69.4, 83.1) to 87.6% (95% CI: 82.5, 91.5); 4) there were modest but non-significant improvements in dispensing and counseling practices; and 5) when the analyses were restricted to health workers who received the enhanced in-service training and/or had received new guidelines and job aids, no significant improvements in reported case-management tasks were observed compared to baseline. In-service training and provision of job aids alone may not be adequate to improve the prescribing, dispensing and counseling tasks necessary to change malaria case-management practices and the inclusion of supervision and post-training follow-up should be considered in future clinical practice change initiatives.
openalex: W2114344363 mag: 2114344363
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Influence of Maternal Education on Child Immunization and Stunting in Kenya - Abuya, Benta A.; Onsomu, Elijah O.; Kimani, James; Moore, DaKysha (Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2010)
openalex: W2006337495 mag: 2006337495
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Who takes responsibility for the ‘Reitz four’? Puzzling our way through higher education transformation in South Africa - Soudien, Crain (South African journal of science, 2010)
South Africa finds itself in the midst of challenging developments, particularly in the realm of the university community. There is a deep sense of confusion around position-taking, both at the personal and at the social level. This manifests itself obviously, particularly in the university, around political positions and around the broad commitments that individuals and groups choose to make in relation to particular political parties. It manifests less obviously in what would have been relatively un-contentious issues in the past, such as the meaning of patriotism, language, sexual orientation and gender, 'ethnic' group and other social or collective indicators such as 'my people'.
openalex: W2112236120 mag: 2112236120
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ASSESSING PUPILS’ LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN A BILINGUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME: INSIGHTS FROM TWO PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MALAWI - Chimpololo, Andrew (The Buckingham journal of language and linguistics, 2010)
Assessment in bilingual education is fundamental as far as cognitive academic language competence (CALP) is concerned. Teachers have to continuously evaluate the level of their pupils’ linguistic competence to accordingly tailor instruction towards the attainment of CALP (Cloud, Genesee and Hamayan 2000). This paper presents the findings of a study that investigated the assessment techniques used by teachers at two primary schools in Malawi’s transitional bilingual education programme. The results indicate a monotonous use of standardized assessment tools such as written exercises, oral assignments and end-of-term tests. The teachers seem not to realize that performance evaluation is an on-going process that constantly provides important feedback on pupils’ academic language proficiency. The teachers also ignore the focus on high-level cognitive abilities in their assessment. Furthermore, there is little variety in their choice of assessment methods to accurately measure different aspects of the pupils’ linguistic competence. To the contrary, research advocates that varied and continuous assessment techniques are the best ways of evaluating pupils’ academic performance in bilingual education programmes.
openalex: W1526618564 mag: 1526618564
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Domestic violence during pregnancy reported by women attending a university teaching hospital in Nigeria for antenatal care - Ezebialu, Ifeanyichukwu U.; Nwora, Obiechina; Eke, Ahizechukwu C. (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2010)
This article discusses a study which aimed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy as reported by women attending a university teaching hospital in Nigeria and to assess the types of and risk factors for domestic violence. Copyright © 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
openalex: W1978121968 mag: 1978121968
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Disability culture in West Africa: qualitative research indicating barriers and progress in the greater Accra region of Ghana - Reynolds, Stacey (Occupational Therapy International, 2010)
In 2006, Ghana passed a Disability Rights Bill which proposes that by 2016 Ghana will provide disabled persons in the country with a variety of services and equal employment opportunities. This article presents interviews conducted with community leaders from the Greater Accra region of Ghana in 2009, examining the current views of persons with disabilities in the country. Using qualitative analytic methods, these interviews were coded for themes and examined in relation to historical perceptions of disabled persons in Ghana. The results suggest that there appears to be a growing acceptance that people with disabilities have rights as human beings and that the Disability Rights Bill is a positive step in the right direction for Ghana. There was no consensus, however, on what these basic rights entail, and who is responsible for enforcing and funding new policies. A potential barrier to progress included non-biologically based beliefs about what causes disability, which were reported to resonate strongly with many Ghanaians.
openalex: W1972079177 mag: 1972079177
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Challenges Facing the Administration of Educational Assessment Measures at the Secondary School Level in Nigeria - Abdullahi, O.E.; Onasanya, S.A. (Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010)
openalex: W2038579469 mag: 2038579469
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Forests and climate change adaptation policies in Cameroon - Bele, Mekou Youssoufa; Somorin, Olufunso A.; Sonwa, D.J.; Nkem, Johnson; Locatelli, Bruno (Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 2010)
Nowadays, adaptation has become a key focus of the scientific and policy-making communities and is a major area of discussion in the multilateral climate change process. As climate change is projected to hit the poorest the hardest, it is especially important for developing countries to pay particular attention to the management of natural resources and agricultural activities. In most of these countries such as Cameroon, forest can play important role in achieving broader climate change adaptation goals. However, forest generally receives very little attention in national development programme and strategies such as policy dialogues on climate change and poverty reduction strategies. Using a qualitative approach to data collection through content analysis of relevant Cameroon policy documents, the integration of climate change adaptation was explored and the level of attention given to forests for adaptation analysed. Results indicate that, with the exception of the First National Communication to UNFCCC that focused mostly on mitigation and related issues, current policy documents in Cameroon are void of tangible reference to climate change, and hence failing in drawing the relevance of forest in sheltering populations from the many projected impacts of climate change. Policies related to forest rely on a generalized concept of sustainable forest management and do not identify the specific changes that need to be incorporated into management strategies and policies towards achieving adaptation. The strategies and recommendations made in those documents only serve to improve understanding of Cameroon natural resources and add resilience to the natural systems in coping with anthropogenic stresses. The paper draws attention to the need to address the constraints of lack of awareness and poor flow of information on the potentials of forests for climate change adaptation. It highlights the need for integrating forest for adaptation into national development programmes and strategies, and recommends a review of the existing environmental legislations and their implications on poverty reduction strategy and adaptation to climate change.
openalex: W2115570146 mag: 2115570146
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Anxiety Disorder amongst Secondary School Children in an Urban City in Nigeria - Frank-Briggs, Angela Ine; Alikor, E A D (International Journal of Biomedical Science, 2010)
Anxiety is a source of concern to the clinicians as it is co morbid with other mental disorders, particularly depression and learning disabilities, and it causes low self-esteem. The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety disorder amongst secondary school children in Port Harcourt. A two-staged stratified sampling method was used to select the schools. Structured questionnaire based on Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale for anxiety and depression symptoms was use in evaluating the students. The questionnaires administered to the students were filled with the assistance of the researchers and the classroom teachers. Direct verbal interview was conducted for those noted to have symptoms of any of the various types of anxiety disorders and fears. Out of 885 students, 91 met the criteria for the diagnosis of anxiety/ depression disorder; prevalence was 10.28%, age range was 9-18 years. There were 37 males and 54 females giving a male: female ratio of 0.69:1. Majority 52 (57.14%) of the children lived with their parents, 28 (30.77%) of them lived with family relations and 11 (12.09%) of them were working as house helps to other families. The reasons given for being anxious were poor self image, fear of death, repeated physical and sexual abuses by their care givers and other adults. Learning disability was the major associated co morbid disorder (18.68%). Generalized anxiety was the most common type of anxiety disorder identified (32.97%). Anxiety disorders are debilitating chronic conditions. When it affects school aged children it contributes significantly to poor academic performance.
openalex: W4386990643
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Lost in globalization Education and the stranded Egyptian elite - Mehrez, Samia (2010)
Abstract In June 1999, in keeping with its twice-yearly tradition, the American University in Cairo (AUC) awarded Edward Said an honorary doctorate. On that occasion, Said delivered a commencement address that focused on the idea of a university to the very last class of the twentieth century. He dispelled the notion that liberal education is a European or western mode of study and reminded his audience that the principle of ijtihad, i.e. the central role of individual effort in study and interpretation, constituted the core of the Arab-Islamic culture. He proceeded to note the special status that every society assigns to the academy “whether it exempts it from intercourse with the everyday world or whether it involves it directly in that world”. The rest of this chapter looks at the changing faces of AUC in Egypt since its establishment in 1919.
openalex: W2477023361 mag: 2477023361
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African Philosophy of Education in the Search of Sense - Mikhalina, Oksana; Александровна, Михалина Оксана (RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 2010)
In the article specificity and modern problems of African Philosophy of Education are presented. The special attention is given the concept «ubuntu», playing important role as in African Philosophy of Education as in African philosophical discourse.
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Options for adapting to climate change in livestock-dominated farming systems in the greater horn of Africa - Notenbaert, An Maria Omer; Mude, rew; Steeg, Jeannette van de; Kinyangi, James (Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2010)
The greater horn of Africa is one of the least developed regions in Africa. Livestock are an important economic resource and an essential asset for poor farmers in this region. Climate variability, population growth, low economic development, limited market integration, and low fertilizer use, amongst others put serious pressure on livestock production. The sustainability of the livestock production in the rangelands and the integrated crop-livestock systems is further jeopardised by climate change. The uncertainties associated with climate change impacts call for interventions that empower communities to effectively cope with current climatic variability and to adapt to unexpected future consequences. Risk management and climate-robust development both appear to be promising approaches. Index- based livestock insurance, for example, offers innovative opportunities for protecting farmers’ assets, while diversification in the arid- and semi-arid regions might turn into economically viable livelihood strategies. These adaptation options will only be adopted if the right systems of incentives and policies are put in place. Key words: Climate change, livestock, diversification, insurance, farming systems, greater horn of Africa.
openalex: W2266526261 mag: 2266526261
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Development impact evaluation initiative : the effects of social mobilization and peer-education on counseling and HIV testing in Senegal - Olvera, Orozco; Hugo, Víctor (2010)
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) constitutes an entry point for various interventions, from the treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis to psycho-social assistance for sero-positive individuals. Most non-governmental organizations (NGOs) use social mobilization techniques to encourage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. In 2008, Senegals national HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) agency planned to replace social mobilization with peer education strategies, having shown the latter to be more effective in some contexts. In the peer-mentoring approach, the information will be transmitted to only a third of beneficiaries and request them to mentor at least two other individuals in the community. It is hoped that transmitting the information to two-thirds of the target individuals through the mentors will allow the mentors to be trained in a more intensive manner, and ensure that the recipients absorb the material in a more user-friendly manner. Peer mentoring proved to be more effective for HIV positive individuals, while social mobilization proved to be more effective in increasing the number of partners of HIV positive individuals who come and get tested.
openalex: W213585241 mag: 213585241
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The Entrepreneurial Mind-Set of University Students: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Namibia and Germany - Rena, Ravinder; Haase, Heiko; Lautenschläger, Arndt (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
The objective of this article is setting a cornerstone to compare and understand the phenomenon of graduate entrepreneurship in developing and developed countries. Our central research questions are: Are there differences in the entrepreneurial intentions of university students? What are the factors that might explain potential differences in their entrepreneurial mind-set? In response to these questions, we performed a cross-sectional study exploring the prospective career paths of 2,353 university students from Namibia as well as from Eastern and Western Germany. We found that Namibian students have a higher entrepreneurial intention compared to their German counterparts. We detected several differences between both countries and revealed explanatory factors. However, they are not sufficient to explain the ‘regional dimension’ of the higher entrepreneurial intentions in Namibia. Several implications are presented.
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Learning as transformation: Women's HIV & AIDS education in Malindi, Kenya - Spaling, Melisa Alice (2010)
ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Purpose 2 Research Questions 2 Language and Representation 5 Layout of the Thesis 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review 9 Mapping the Epidemic in Kenya 9 Problematizing Cross-cultural Research 10 Transformative Learning Theory 11 The Role of Support 14 The Centrality of Dialogue 17 Peer Education and Transformative Learning 19 Education and Rural Kenya 21 Chapter 3: Method 25 Rationale for Approach and Method 25 Data Collection 28 Partnership with Pwani 28 Host Community Selection 30 Sampling Strategies 35 Description of Participants 36 Individual Interviews 39 Document Collection 41 Data Management and Analysis 42 Recoding and Transcribing 42 Interim Analysis 43 Document Analysis 44
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A Heart for the Work: Journeys through an African Medical School - Wendland, Claire (2010)
Burnout is common among doctors in the West, so one might assume that a medical career in Malawi, one of the poorest countries in the world, would place far greater strain on the idealism that drives many doctors. But, as A Heart for the Work makes clear, Malawian medical students learn to confront poverty creatively, experiencing fatigue and frustration but also joy and commitment on their way to becoming physicians. The first ethnography of medical training in the global South, Claire L. Wendland's book is a moving and perceptive look at medicine in a world where the transnational movement of people and ideas creates both devastation and possibility. Wendland, a physician anthropologist, conducted extensive interviews and worked in wards, clinics, and operating theaters alongside the student doctors whose stories she relates. From the relative calm of Malawi's College of Medicine to the turbulence of training at hospitals with gravely ill patients and dramatically inadequate supplies, staff, and technology, Wendland's work reveals the way these young doctors engage the contradictions of their circumstances, shedding new light on debates about the effects of medical training, the impact of traditional healing, and the purposes of medicine.
openalex: W573529475 mag: 573529475
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Storytelling in African Teacher Training - Perrow, Susan (2010)
This thesis explores processes that have helped me as a white Australian in post-apartheid South Africa to collaboratively develop storytelling courses for black South African early childhood teachers. The study is an action research project that documents, in narrative style, my journey of learning and change as a teacher-trainer in the townships of Cape Town from 1994 until 1999. In the literature review the importance of storytelling as a teaching and learning tool has been researched, and the effects of South African history on the storytelling culture of the African people has been investigated. To help understand my own ‘way of being' in a different culture, components and complexities of working and communicating in cross-cultural situations have been explored, as well as reflection on myself, my ‘whiteness' and aspects of whiteness. The research journey has involved two main cycles of planning, acting, observing and reflecting, the first one retrospective. Qualitative data has been documented from in-depth interviewing, open-ended questionnaires, reflexive journals and feedback from critical friends and course participants.
openalex: W2802326837 mag: 2802326837
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The transformative effect of managing for results in primary education in Madagascar - Tan, Jee‐Peng (2010)
Over the past decade there has been impressive progress in access to primary education in Madagascar. However, enormous challenges remain to improve pedagogy. Within primary schools, many aspects of the pedagogical processes are poorly managed and tasks that are essential for student learning are neglected. Results from a 2005 survey confirmed that in many schools student absenteeism and student academic performance are poorly monitored and that teachers fail to conduct essential pedagogical tasks such as preparation of lesson plans. The Ministry of Education thus moved to implement AGEMAD (Amelioration de la Gestion de lEducation a Madagascar), a far reaching program to improve workflow processes in the school system, and increase results focus. The program stressed responsibilities and accountability processes through provision of management training, tools and guides. It also facilitated school-community interactions and promoted accountability for results through school report cards. Report cards became the basis for school meetings discussion for developing school improvement plans. This is the first study that has put a precise value on to improving neglected school tasks. It has also shown that there is no quick fix. Improving school management requires a concerted effort from all administrative levels in the education system to support the work of teachers and school heads at the front lines of service delivery.
openalex: W1832933790 mag: 1832933790
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Impact of Some Environmental Education Outdoor Activities on Nigerian Primary School Pupils’ Environmental Knowledge - Ajiboye, Josiah O.; Olatundun, Sunday Adekojo (Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 2010)
This study investigated the impact of outdoor educational activities on pupils’ knowledge of some environmental issues and problems. A pretest, posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. Four hundred and eighty primary 5 pupils from 12 randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, constituted the subjects for the study. The instrument used was an Environmental Knowledge Test (r= 0.86). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, means and standard deviation, and inferential statistics of ANCOVA. Treatment had significant main effect on pupils’ environmental knowledge (F(1,471)= 137.37; p< .05). Pupils exposed to outdoor educational activities with discussion performed better in knowledge ( X = 19.59; SD = 1.78). Outdoor educational activities with discussion proved more effective at improving pupils’ knowledge of environmental issues and problems.
openalex: W1981881820 mag: 1981881820
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Abolishing school fees in Africa : lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Mozambique The World Bank, UNICEF Washington D.C. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank, 2009, 280 p. - Hénaff, Nolwen (Autrepart, 2010)
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Examining the Influence of Perceived Discrimination During African American Adolescents’ Early Years of High School - Thompson, Aisha R.; Gregory, Anne (Education and Urban Society, 2010)
Research has identified successful transitions from middle to high school as critical for students’ academic success. Identifying risks and protective factors associated with challenge or success in the early years of high school is crucial, especially for African American students who are disproportionately represented in the ranks of adolescents who underachieve in academics, receive school discipline sanctions, and drop out of high school. The present study examined risks associated with perceived discrimination and the protective function of school racial support and two aspects of African American adolescent identity (identification with academics and racial centrality). This study followed a sample of 46 low-achieving African American students through the first 2 years of high school. Findings showed that over and above the negative influence of discrimination and levels of ninth-grade classroom engagement, students’ identification with academics in the ninth grade was a strong predictor of tenth-grade classroom engagement. This finding points to the promise of identification with academics as a protective factor which could help adolescents reach their academic potential.
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Does teaching methods and availability of Teaching resources influence pupils’ Performance: evidence from four Districts in Uganda - Guloba, Madina; Wokadala, James; Bategeka, Lawrence (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
ABSTRACT This paper explores ways of improving education quality in Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools in Uganda. Following the introduction of UPE in Uganda in 1997, primary school enrolment increased tremendously, leading to a strain on existing teaching resources such as classrooms, teachers’ accommodation, toilets, teachers, chalk, and students’ furniture among others. The inadequacy of teaching resources partly attributes to the low quality of education in UPE schools as reflected in the Primary three and six pupils’ performance in literacy and numeracy. Accordingly, Government responded by increasing supply of teaching resources with the hope of improving the quality of education in UPE schools. The major findings of the paper include: i) Supplying more teaching resources in the current Uganda context should not be the number one priority intervention if the quality of education in public primary school is to be improved. Paradoxically, supply of teaching resources is found to have adverse effects on education quality. This suggests that the supply of teaching resources in these schools seem to be done at the expense of effective teaching. ii) Primary school teachers employ teacher-centred methods of teaching, which are less effective. The study finds that child-centred methods of teaching are more effective for both males and females as regards improvement of education quality. Yet, teachers in UPE schools hardly employ child-centred approaches to teaching, which mainly explains the poor quality of education in UPE schools. iii) There is urgent need for the ministry in charge of education to focus more on teacher supervision to compel teachers to attend to their duties and use child-centred methods of teaching. This calls for increased budget for school inspection and teacher supervision. Key words: Teaching methods, teaching resources, pupil performance
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HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION - EFFECTS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN GHANA - Aggrey, Ebenezer (2010)
This book focuses on final year students' own assessment of the effect of human rights education on their social lives at school.The results of the study indicated a high level of knowledge and understanding of human rights concepts and principles: favourable perception of human rights but low perception of human dignity: students active engagement in sexual harassment and that minorities, especially ethnic minorities within Senior High School setting are not guaranteed equal rights, respect for dignity and freedoms, which could lead to manifestations of gross human rights violations in Schools; majority of students practice discrimination, specifically, discrimination based upon ethnicity: As a result, the study called for pragmatic programmes to give meaning to human rights education, promote the culture of human rights in order to build an inclusive school community and facilitate full enjoyment of every student's right to education.This is a book for researchers, teachers, parents, human rights activists, education and school authorities. This is a book that will excite, educate and inform all who read it.
openalex: W2782133165 mag: 2782133165
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"Education for All” Policy and Actual Educational Practices among the Maasai of Tanzania - Bonini, Nathalie (2010)
openalex: W2738458964 mag: 2738458964
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A phenomenological study of top performing 12th grade African-American high school students - Galbraith, Carla Therese (2010)
Dissertation (Ed.D., Educational Leadership) – California State University, Sacramento, 2010.
openalex: W2170692351 mag: 2170692351
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“You Still Need to Give Her a Token of Appreciation”: The Meaning of the Exchange of Money in the Sexual Relationships of Out-of-School Adolescents in Rural Southwest Uganda - Nobelius, Ann-Maree; Kalina, Bessie; Pool, Robert; Whitworth, Jimmy; Chesters, Janice Evelyn; Power, Robert (Journal of Sex Research, 2010)
This article challenges the pervasive assumption that exchanging gifts and money in adolescent sexual relationships is transactional. Data were derived from a multi-method, qualitative sexual health needs assessment of 31 out-of-school adolescents in rural southwest Uganda. Grounded theory analysis allows contextual meanings of exchange to emerge. Adolescents have developed gendered courting and exchange models that parallel marital relationships in this cultural context. Whereas exchange is considered transactional and immoral in some types of relationships, in adolescent relationships, it is not. Young women are not ashamed of, or stigmatized by, the exchange; they are proud of it. The exchange signifies several things: self-respect and a partner's willingness to wait for the relationships to become sexual and, therefore, that they are valued and respected by their partners. This demonstrates commitment from a partner, whose role is as a provider. To expect no gift or to have sex for pleasure are the hallmarks of the worst kind of woman-a malaya. "Need" is the only acceptable rationale for extramartial sex for any woman in this sexual value system. Interventions promoting longer courting and sustained support for one partner would encourage a delay in debut for young women and encourage greater monogamy in young men.
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The use of performance composition on African music instruments for effective classroom music education in Africa - Nzewi, Odyke Emeke Sunny (2010)
openalex: W109614689 mag: 109614689
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A Review of Gender Performance of Graduating Students in a Private Christian Mission University in Nigeria between 2008 and 2010 - Omonijo, Dare Ojo (2010)
Abstract This study was carried out in a Private Christian Mission University in Nigeria to find out the current position of male-female performance in higher education. Moreover, it finds out whether there is gender difference in the performance of students in natural, humanity, business and social sciences between 2008 and 2010. It employed descriptive approach in analyzing data collected. However, our results show that there is a shift in the long standing male-female performance in higher education within the period of study. Thus, female students emerged as the best students in the overall result between 2009 and 2010. Secondly, they emerged as the best students in the existing three colleges. Thirdly, they emerged as the best students at departmental level in 2008 and 2010. Fourthly, they have highest number of first class and second class upper degrees. Finally, there is gender difference in the performance of students in natural and social, business and humanity programmes. Therefore, female students performed excellently in social, business and humanity programmes than their male colleagues while males did well in natural sciences than their female counterparts.
openalex: W1913144821 mag: 1913144821
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Integration of the Practice of Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor Within Training and Service Implementation Programming in Zambia - Vivio, Donna; Fullerton, Judith T.; Forman, Rosha; Mbewe, Reuben; Musumali, Masuka; Chewe, Patrick M. (Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 2010)
Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of pregnancy‐related mortality (cited at 591 per 100,000 Zambian women), and is responsible for up to 60% of maternal deaths in developing countries. Active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) has been endorsed as a means of reducing the risk of PPH. The Ministry of Health/Zambia has incorporated the use of AMTSL into its reproductive health guidelines. Methods: Midwives employed in five public hospitals and eight health centers were interviewed (N = 62), and 82 observations were conducted during the second through fourth stages of labor. Results: Data from facilities in which oxytocin was available (62 births in 11 settings) indicated that a uterotonic was used in 53 of the births (85.5%); however, AMTSL was conducted in strict accord with the currently recommended protocol (a time‐specific use of the uterotonic, controlled cord traction, and fundal massage) in only 25 (40.4%) of births. Discussion: Midwives have concerns about risks of maternal to newborn HIV blood transfusion; it is doubtful that they will adopt the currently recommended practice of delayed cord clamping and cutting. Infrastructure issues and supply shortages challenged the ability to correctly and safely implement the AMTSL protocol; nevertheless, facilities were generally ready to support it.
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Fighting Nosocomial Infection Rates in the General Surgery Department of the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali - Aoyama, Togo; Traore, A.; Kanté, L; Coulibaly, Y.; Diango, Djibo M.; Keita, Modibo; Diallo, S.; B.T., Dembele; Diakité, I.; Diani, Noor; Samaké, B; B.A., Traore; et al. (The Open Biology Journal, 2010)
Nosocomial infections (NI) or hospital-acquired diseases are indicators of the quality of care. This study conducted in Mali aimed to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections, to recognize the risk factors, to identify the pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics and to determine the additional cost of care. The study lasted 6 months from January to June 2007, and the diagnosis of nosocomial infections was based on criteria from the USA C.D.C (Center for Disease Control). We identified 460 patients and 44 among them (9.6%) were affected by nosocomial infections, which included 31 cases of surgical site infections (57.4%), 9 cases of infections on burns (16.7%), 7 cases of lung infections (13%), and 7 cases of urinary tract infections (13%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (44%). All isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and 46% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The risk factors for infection were emergency surgery, ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiology) class and the type of surgery defined by Altemeir. The preoperative preparation of the patients, the strict respect of hygiene and asepsis to the operating room can reduce the frequency of NI in our country.
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THE NEXUS BETWEEN HOMELAND-SECURITY, DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER-DELTA AND THE THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA | Kogi State University Open Education Resources (OER) - Enojo, Enojo Kennie (2010)
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LEARNING FROM THE PAST IN ORGANISING MUSIC THERAPY ACTIVITIES FOR THE GERIATRIC IN ESAN, EDO STATE OF NIGERIA. - Omoera, Osakue Stevenson; Aluede, Charles Onomudo (Voices, 2010)
There are so many bugaboos associated with aging all over the world. While in the western world efforts are constantly being made to establish old peoples’ homes and nursing homes for geriatric purposes, the desired attention is yet to be drawn to this concept in Nigeria. Nigerian communities which used to be known for communal lifestyle seem to have jettisoned it as a result of acculturation. Today, the aged live with their kinsmen in the various societies without attention given to them; rather, they are seen as sources of threats and more often threatened to have evil hands in the death younger contemporaries in the society. This paper surveys the use of music for geriatric purposes in the previous epochs in Esan and suggests a continuum of this practice so that fruitful years could be added to the lives of the aged in Esan.
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Response to storm conditions of two different beaches at the Mediterranean coast of Morocco - Mrini, Aldelmounim El; Anfuso, Giorgio; Nachite, D.; Taaouati, Mohammed (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
openalex: W2984467628 mag: 2984467628
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Clinical haematology training in South Africa - Coetzee, Mercia (SAMJ. South African medical journal, 2010)
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Papua New Guinea - Inclusive development in post-conflict Bougainville - Johnson, E. L. (2010)
Bougainville is located at the eastern-most point of the New Guinea islands and comprises two large and many smaller islands. It has a population of approximately 200,000 with over a dozen different language groups. A province of Papua New Guinea since 1975, Bougainville is now an autonomous region within the country, a result of a nine-year revolt that left tens of thousands killed, a divided and traumatized population, degraded infrastructure, and a shattered economy brought on by the collapse of its main industry, mining. Prior to the conflict, women played vital roles in community-level decision-making and were key agents of development. Overall, women held important positions in the family and community. The dynamics of the conflict and post-conflict period weakened this role resulting in women being marginalized from community decision-making processes. Further, during the conflict, women suffered violence as victims of torture, rape, and forced labor. The weakened capacity of women as agents of development within their communities and the low capacity of government departments working at the local level are widely viewed as significant challenges to development efforts.
openalex: W1888224167 mag: 1888224167
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Retrospective monitoring of drug utilisation in cardiovascular patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria - Nwidu, I.L; Ezenwanyi, E; Oparah, AC (West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 2010)
This retrospective study was carried out to established drug prescribing trends in the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the cardiovascular unit of the Department of Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. 100 folders of patients with various CVDs were randomly selected over a period of three years, 2003-2005. The retrieval was made possible with the aid of nurses register which contain patients name, age, sex and provisional diagnosis. 58 coherent folders were used for this study while 42 incoherent registers were excluded. The study revealed that of the 58 folders, 40(69.0%) were males and 18 (31%) were females with agerange of 28-80 years and a mean age of 49 years. A total of 13 CVDs were diagnosed. 40 patients (69.0%) had 2 CVDs, 16 patients (27.6%) had 3 CVDs and 2 patients (3.4%) had 4 CVDs. A range of 6-15 prescriptions was written per patient and a total of 520 prescriptions were generated with a mean of 8.97 prescriptions per patients. Also, a range of 2-6 drugs was written per prescription and a total of 1983 drugs were prescribed. Drugs in fifteen pharmacological class and three combination therapies were prescribed. A total of 1242 (62.6%) branded drugs and 741(37.4%) generic drugs were utilized in disease management. The present study represents the current prescribing trends of cardiovascular drugs and it highlights certain inadequacy in the existing prescribing practice. There are considerable scopes for improvement, particularly the over-utilization of branded drugs, antiplatelet agents and many other irrational prescribing in the present prescribing pattern of cardiovascular drugs.Key words: Retrospective study, drug utilization, prescription monitoring, prescribing pattern, cardiovascular diseases
openalex: W2071053178 mag: 2071053178
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Climate change not linked to African wars - Schiermeier, Quirin (Nature, 2010)
openalex: W2039089001 mag: 2039089001
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Papua New Guinea - Flexible and Open Distance Education Project - Stevens, James S. (2010)
The Flexible Open and Distance Education (FODE) center is the only public distance learning institution serving Papua New Guineas upper primary and secondary school leavers. It provides English, Mathematics, Science and Social Science courses that are primarily delivered through correspondence-based distance learning, supported occasionally by on-site tutors and teachers. FODE has 20 provincial centers that coordinate services provided within their respective provinces, as well as about 25 affiliated study centers. Although the institution has significant potential to support a relatively large, under-served and growing segment of out-of-school youth, it has suffered for many years from inadequate resources and technical support. At the same time, demand for FODEs programs continues to rise. Currently, FODE has an enrolment of about 46,000 active students, as compared to about 65,000 students currently enrolled in formal secondary education throughout the country.
openalex: W288004655 mag: 288004655
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Sex prevalence of schistosomiasis among school children in five communities in the lower River Volta Basin of South eastern Ghana. - Nkegbe, E. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010)
Normal.dotm 0 0 1 88 504 UI 4 1 618 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false This study was undertaken among school children in 5 communities in the lower Volta Basin in South eastern Ghana to assess sex prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among the children. Results obtained showed that the disease prevalence was higher among the female pupils (64%) than their male counterparts (21.8%). This higher prevalence of schistomiasis among the females than the males was attributed to the numerous water contact activities of females as a result of unavoidable domestic chores that they undertake which compel them to enter the river to fetch water thereby exposing them to the infection.
openalex: W1565103647 mag: 1565103647
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Central Africa is not only carbon stock: Preliminary efforts to promote adaptation to climate change for forest and communities in Congo Basin. - Sonwa, D.J.; Bele, Mekou Youssoufa; Somorin, Olufunso A.; Nkem, Johnson (2010)
openalex: W2286163677 mag: 2286163677
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Food security and climate change in drought-sensitive savanna zones of Ghana - Armah, Frederick Ato; Odoi, Justice O.; Yengoh, Genesis T.; Obiri, Samuel; Yawson, David O.; Afrifa, Ernest K. A. (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2010)
openalex: W2061379956 mag: 2061379956
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Learning Palestine : the construction of Palestinian identities in south Lebanon - Fincham, Kathleen (2010)
This thesis explores how Palestinian youth in Lebanon construct their identities in the context of statelessness. Specifically, the study examines how Palestinian youth in south Lebanese refugee camps and gatherings understand and perform their identities vis-a-vis nationality, gender and religion; how the discursive resources of identity are appropriated and articulated in everyday life within the camps and how Palestinian identities in Lebanon have shifted across exilic generations, all in the absence of formal state structures. Acknowledging that Palestinian young men and women are meaningful actors in their own right, I have engaged in interpretivist inquiry and sought to capture and reconstruct the subjective meanings placed on social life by Palestinian youth in Lebanon through a case study. Given this methodological perspective, I have used semi-structured interviews, focus groups and Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approaches as research methods within this study. In light of the vulnerability of Palestinians as a refugee population situated within the larger context of Western imperialism and colonialism in the Middle East, I have drawn on post-structuralist, post-colonialist and feminist theoretical frameworks to interrogate the data. The findings of this study show that Palestinian youth in Lebanon construct their identities through nationalist discourses of shared history, kinship, culture and religion. This is accomplished over time through the production and reproduction of symbolic systems in and through the institutional sites of the school, the family, political organizations, the media and religious institutions. Through these processes, Palestine is constructed as different from 'Other' nations and 'Palestinian-ness' as distinct from 'Other' national identity positions. However, the processes of national signification described above produce identities that are in a constant state of flux and transformation across time and space. Moreover, internal contestations are produced, particularly in relation to religion, gender and generation, which trouble and problematize the notion of a singular and homogenous Palestinian identity. The case study research presented in this thesis explores how Palestinian young people come to understand themselves and learn to navigate their lives both in relation to and in distinction from external 'Others' and dominant 'imaginings' of 'Palestinian-ness'
openalex: W11511090 mag: 11511090
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Accountability is like light - a Dutch-Ethiopian case study about learning by accountability in development cooperation - Gietema, J. (2010)
openalex: W59653125 mag: 59653125
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“LEARNING LOOPS IN EIA: Analyzing system-level learning and the contributions of the Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment: The cases of Ghana and the Maldives” - Jong, Amos A. de (2010)
openalex: W620727710 mag: 620727710
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Childhood Education Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Developing Children’s Learning Experiences Through Computerized Instructional Games Professional Satisfaction of Social Studies Teachers at the Primary Stage in Egypt in the Light of Applying Comprehensive Evaluation and Active Learning Strategies - nagdy, Adel R. Al (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2010)
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openalex: W2952324631 mag: 2952324631
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Assessment of the vulnerability of Ethiopian agriculture to climate change and farmers’ adaptation strategies - Deressa, Temesgen (2010)
openalex: W172176400 mag: 172176400
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Taxi driver training in Madagascar: the first step in developing a functioning prehospital emergency care system - Geduld, Heike; Wallis, Lee (Emergency Medicine Journal, 2010)
Background Prehospital care in developing countries is severely lacking. Few countries can afford the relatively expensive formalised Western model of a prehospital emergency medical system. The WHO has highlighted the development of layperson first responder programmes as the most basic step in the development of a functioning prehospital system. Aim To describe the first training programme of its kind, run in Mahajanga, Madagascar. The faculty was invited by Mahajanga Medical School. Methods and Results Local input was taken into account in developing the curriculum. 26 taxi drivers were invited to attend in cooperation with the local municipality. The faculty consisted of five instructors from the Division of Emergency Medicine and EMSSA, plus local doctors from University Hospital Mahajanga. The 1-day course included workshops on prehospital scene management, bleeding and broken bones, immobilisation and patient movement, and labour and delivery. The workshops made use of commonly available items only including packets, string and towels; French and Malagasy translators were available throughout. Conclusions Both faculty and candidates deemed the course a success and plans for formal evaluation of knowledge and skill retention are underway. Future plans are to continue the training using local instructors and in rural districts.
openalex: W2117821999 mag: 2117821999
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Current status of soil-transmitted helminthiases among pre-school and school-aged children from Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria - Sowemimo, Oluyomi A.; Asaolu, S. O. (Journal of Helminthology, 2010)
Abstract A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths among pre-school and school-aged children attending nursery and primary schools in Ile-Ife. Single stool samples were collected between January and March, 2009 from 352 children randomly selected from a total of 456 children attending both private and government schools. The stool samples were processed using the modified Kato–Katz technique, and then examined for the eggs of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). One hundred and twenty-one (34.4%) samples were positive for STH eggs. The overall prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were 33.2%, 3.7% and 0.9%, respectively. The prevalence of STH infection in government schools (47.8%) was significantly higher than in private schools (16.1%) ( P < 0.001). The most common type of mixed infection was the combination of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura (6.8%). The prevalence and intensity of A. lumbricoides rose with age. The lowest prevalence and intensity (7.7%; 0.240 ± 0.136 eggs per gram (epg)) were recorded in the 2- to 3-year-old age group, while the highest prevalence and intensity (58.7%; 1.820 ± 0.237 epg) were recorded in children aged 10 years and above. A questionnaire survey indicated that 73% of the children attending private school had been treated with anthelminthics less than 2 months prior to the collection of stool specimens, while 43% of the children attending government school received anthelminthic treatment during the same period. The findings indicate that STH infections are endemic among schoolchildren in Ile-Ife and that the burden of parasitic infections is greater in government schools than in private schools.
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Climate change impact on the density of Faidherbia albida on smallholder farms in the degraded lands of Kano, northern Nigeria - Yakubu, I. (The Environmentalist, 2010)
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ECONOMIC TRENDS: Drought and Floods: Central and West Africa (Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 2010)
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 47, Issue 7 p. 18759A-18759C ECONOMIC TRENDS: Drought and Floods: Central and West Africa First published: 01 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2010.03387.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue7September 2010Pages 18759A-18759C RelatedInformation
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Schooling citizens: the struggle for African American education in antebellum America (Choice Reviews Online, 2010)
While white residents of antebellum Boston and New Haven forcefully opposed the education of black residents, their counterparts in slaveholding Baltimore did little to resist the establishment of African American schools. Such discrepancies, Hilary J. Moss argues, suggest that white opposition to black education was not a foregone conclusion. Through the comparative lenses of these three cities, she shows why opposition erupted where it did across the United States during the same period that gave rise to public education. As common schooling emerged in the 1830s, providing white children of all classes and ethnicities with the opportunity to become full-fledged citizens, it redefined citizenship as synonymous with whiteness. This link between school and American identity, Moss argues, increased white hostility to black education at the same time that it spurred African Americans to demand public schooling as a means of securing status as full and equal members of society. Shedding new light on the efforts of black Americans to learn independently in the face of white attempts to withhold opportunity, Schooling Citizens narrates a previously untold chapter in the thorny history of America's educational inequality.
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The Functioning of Accreditation in Ethiopia Higher Education - Abebe, Essete (2010)
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Perception of community and school safety by senior in-school youths of a secondary school in Ibadan, Nigeria - Adebiyi, Akindele O.; Akinyemi, Oluwasun Oladapo; Sangowawa, A. O. (Injury prevention, 2010)
Introduction In an unsafe environment, youths are denied the opportunity to develop psychosocially, and intellectually. This study sought to find out the perception of senior in-school youths about community and school safety. Methodology Cross sectional study of senior in-school youths was carried out using a total sample of consenting students. A self administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics, perception of and characteristics of safe communities and schools. Results The mean age of respondents was 16.41.6 years and 54.7% were females. Majority (62.4%) live in densely populated area. Only 182 (50.0%) perceived their school to be safe, 154 (42.3%) perceived it to be unsafe and 28 (7.7%) couldn9t make up their minds. However, 265 (72.8%) reported their communities as safe, 66 (18.1%) as unsafe and 33 (9.1%) had no opinion. The most important perceived feature of a safe community mentioned was security 209 (57.4%) and 22.5% of youths have ever been molested. Within 6 months preceding study, 50 (13.7%) had felt unsafe and those reporting incidents like rape, street robbery, drug use and youth gangs as occurrences in their communities were 111 (30.5%), 127 (34.9%), 167 (45.9%), 151 (41.5%) respectively. Street lights, Zebra crossings and side-walks were absent in 81%, 83.8% and 56.9% of the communities respectively. Conclusion More youths perceived their schools to be unsafe. The prevalence of drug use and youth gangs was quite high in neighbourhoods. Further researches on school safety are desirable while governments and communities should begin to collaborate on safety issues.
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Gender, Academic Program and Experience in Learning: An Assessment of Students' attitude towards Problem Based Learning (PBL)IN The School ff Medicine, Moi University, Kenya - Adeli, Scholastic (2010)
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Pattern of death in a Nigerian teaching hospital; 3-decade analysis. - Adeolu, AA; Arowolo, OA; Alatise, OI; Osasan, SA; Bisiriyu, LA; Omoniyi, EO; Odesanmi, W. O. (PubMed, 2010)
In developing countries such as Nigeria, limited resources require that health priorities be selected wisely and death-related research is clearly warranted. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive report on the various causes of death in our center from 1978 to 2006.This was a descriptive, retrospective study of all deaths recorded at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile - Ife, Osun State in Southwest Nigeria from 1978 to 2006.A total number of 9,947 deaths were recorded during the study period and there were 6,277 male deaths (63.1%) and 3,670 female deaths (36.9%) with a female to male ratio of 1:1.5. The age ranged from birth to 100 years with a median of 25 years. Infection (2,594 patients; 26.1%) was the most common cause of death and this was followed closely by trauma death (2,028 patients; 20.4%) and neonatal death (1,074 patients; 10.8%). Death from infectious disease and trauma reduced from 1,048 and 1,441 in the first decade (1977 - 1986) to 478 and 133 in the last decade respectively. While death from neoplasia increased from 112 in the first decade to 354 in the last decade of the study period.Our study shows that death from infectious disease in the present decade has reduced to almost half that was recorded in first decade. Similarly death from trauma has also reduced compared to the first decade of the study. Death from neoplasia is however higher in the last decade.
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Training Needs of Women Farmers : Implications for Rural Development in Kwara State of Nigeria - Adesiji, Gbolagade Benjamin; Ogunlade, I.; Kolawole, A. A. (Journal of Rural and Development, 2010)
The main purpose of the study is to determine the training needs of women farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling design was used to select one hundred and fifty women farmers. Data were obtained by the use of interview schedule and analysed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean score and chi-square. The result indicated that about two-thirds (66.0 per cent) of the women were between 40-59 years and majority (78.67 per cent) were Moslem. Also, high percentage (98.67 per cent) of them were married with 88.67 per cent having not less than 16 years farming experience and 72.67 per cent with no formal education. The result further showed that women farmers ranked the plant production as the highest priority for training followed by animal production, food processing is the third priority while bee keeping became the last priority for training. The lack of information ranked highest, followed by time as constraints to training. Chi-square result revealed that there was no significant relationship between training needs and age (X 2 = 4.020, P = 0.251), farming experience (X 2 = 3.018, P = 0.697), and religion (X 2 = 1.661, P = 0.436) of these women farmers. The implication for rural development is that empowerment of women farmers through adequate training in all the aforementioned areas where women farmers indicated need for training is a predisposing factor to sustainable livelihoods.
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The role of sport as a change agent in the lives of women with disabilities: the Nigerian experience - Adeyanju, Florence B; Sulieman, Mariam A; Yesufu, Angela (British journal of sports medicine, 2010)
Evidence abound of the neglect and discrimination against women especially those with disabilities. Given the prejudice against women in general, women with disabilities in Nigeria suffer greater discrimination, additional burden and obstacles to their well being because of their disabilities. The burden in turn inhibits their integration and participation in numerous activities including sports. This paper examined the barriers to participation in sports by women with disabilities, it analysed perceived impact of sport on those who participate/participated and have excelled in it and explored further, the use of sport as a strategic tool for the needed positive change.
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Testing institutional biomass cookstoves in rural Kenyan schools for the Millennium Villages Project - Adkins, Edwin; Chen, Jiehua; Winiecki, Jacob; Koinei, Peter; Modi, Vijay (Energy for Sustainable Development, 2010)
Cooking tests were conducted in randomly selected school kitchens in the Sauri Millennium Villages Project site, located in Siaya District of Nyanza Province in Western Kenya. The tests compared fuel consumption measurements obtained using a traditional three-stone fire with those from newly introduced institutional stoves based on the “rocket” design. The key metric used was Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), defined as the weight of firewood consumed in cooking a single batch of food divided by the total weight of food, measured after cooking. Tests followed the normal cooking practices in the school kitchens and included the typical range of foods prepared for midday school meals programs. The study included two types of tests: paired tests, in which most conditions were controlled between one test conducted on a three-stone fire and a matching test conducted on a “rocket” stove; and unpaired tests, in which conditions were similar, but not strictly controlled, among two large sets of relatively independent three-stone fire and rocket stove tests. Results from both paired and unpaired experiments, averaged across all types of food cooked, showed that the use of rocket stoves yielded significantly lower SFC values without prolonging cooking time when compared with three-stone fires. An analysis comparing results from paired and unpaired cooking tests suggests that, due to high variance and sources of bias in unpaired tests, experimental design should favor paired tests.
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Perspectives of intellectual disability in South Africa: epidemiology, policy, services for children and adults - Adnams, Colleen M. (Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2010)
Purpose of review This review aims to summarize data published in the scientific literature and available on official websites on the epidemiology, policies and services for children and adults with intellectual disability in South Africa. Recent findings There is a paucity of published literature on intellectual disability in South Africa. The lack of evidence-based publications within the prescribed review period of 12–18 months precludes an accurate description of the prevailing epidemiology and burden of disablement in this country. The few studies yielding epidemiological data were conducted prior to 2002. These suggest that the prevalence rate of intellectual disability is greater than in high-income countries. There is little data describing intellectual disability geographically and across population and age groups, further rendering it difficult to identify inequalities and differences in distribution. There is a high burden of preventable causes of intellectual disability. Summary Despite the existence of policies and services for the population with intellectual disabilities in South Africa, recognition of and provision for their needs carries low priority. It is imperative that the information gap in epidemiology and the burden of disability be recognized in order to plan for and meet the needs of those with intellectual disability across the lifespan.
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Sero-prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) among blood donors attending ahmadu bello university teaching hospital (Abuth), Zaria, Nigeria - Ado, A. D.; Alhassan, S; Chonoko, U; Samaila, Adamu Alhaji (Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2010)
A study on the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B surface Antigen among 100 blood donors attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, Kaduna Nigeria was carried out in June, 2008 using hepatitis B surface Antigen latex.Higher prevalence rate was observed between the age range of 30 -39years.No prevalence was observed between 15 -19 and 45-54years.The findings revealed high prevalence in males as compared to females (p < 0.05).
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Address forms among university students in Ghana: a case of gendered identities? - Afful, Joseph Benjamin Archibald (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2010)
Abstract In the last two decades, scholars in discourse studies and sociolinguistics have shown considerable interest in how identity is encoded in discourses across various facets of life such as academia, home, politics and workplace. By adopting an ethnographic-style approach, this study shows how students in a Ghanaian university construct their gendered identities through a key verbal behaviour, address form. A three-pronged framework comprising social constructionism, communities of practice and post-structuralism underpins the present study. Two key findings emerge from the analysis of data. First, three major categories of address forms, namely personal names, descriptive phrases and titles constitute the key lexicon of address terms used by Ghanaian students in their interactions. Second, students constantly use these three modes of address to express, negotiate or resist their gendered identities. These findings have implications for research on identity, language and gender as well as intercultural communication.
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Providing Information Communication Technology Support To Distance Education Students: A Case Of The University Of Ghana, Legon - Agyemang, Beatrice Korkor; Dadzie, Perpetua S. (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2010)
A study to investigate the current state of Information Communication Technology policy of the University of Ghana Distance Education (DE) programme and the extent of awareness and use of ICTs in general by the DE learners was carried out. The survey methodology was adopted using questionnaire and interview instruments. Respondents were made up of 120 DE students, the coordinator of the DE programme, and 5 workers at the DE unit. The questionnaires were distributed to all the 120 students while the workers responded to a semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage frequency distribution and examining relationships). The main findings of the study revealed that there was a policy statement on providing ICT-based support to the DE learners; however, this policy has not yet been implemented. Most of the DE students were fully aware of ICT and majority of them use the internet across the regions. The students had positive attitude towards ICTs in that they deemed it necessary in the course of their studies and were willing to pay for ICT services. The main barriers identified that could affect the usefulness of the various ICTs were electricity, cost and accessibility. The study recommends among others, the forging of partnerships between distance education programmes and ICT companies, the networking of DE centres and the use of diverse ICT facilities, among others.
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Assessment of injury related morbidity, mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Cairo, Egypt - Ahmed, A M; Hirshon, Jon Mark; El-Ghazali, S. M. S.; Gadallah, Mohsen; ElHousinie, M.; Ahmed, Marwan; El-Etreby, Lobna A.; El-Setouhy, Maged (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Background Injuries cause significant morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in lower and middle income countries such as Egypt. Specific aims: 1-Calculate the frequency of injuries requiring; hospitalisation, emergency department (ED) visits, or resulting in death in Cairo within a 12 month period. 2-Calculate the DALYs for each type of injury by age and sex. Methodology A retrospective epidemiological study based upon administratively collected Ministry of Health data among injured patients admitted to 11 major governmental hospitals in 2007, 11.6% of all governmental hospital beds. Data were then generalised to all governmental hospitals based upon the total number of beds. DALYs were calculated for all injuries. Collected data included: age, sex, time of injury, site of injury, nature of injury, cause of injury and outcome. Results In 2007, there were 483 965 ED visits for injuries in Cairo, 2.5% requiring hospitalisation. The estimated incidence rate of injuries was 6023.86 per 100 000 persons. Injuries rates were double in males than females. One third of injuries occurred in the age group 15–24 years. The largest injury category reported was falls (30.8%), followed by animal bites and collision with hard object (24.5%). The injury death rate was 34.8 per 100 000 persons, with RTCs being responsible for the highest rate followed by ‘other unintentional injuries’. Injuries were responsible for an estimated 61 671 DALYs in Cairo. Conclusion Injuries contribute to a substantial amount of morbidity and mortality among the general population in Cairo.
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Safety, efficacy and acceptability of implanon a single rod implantable contraceptive (etonogestrel) in University of Benin Teaching Hospital. - Aisien, AO; Enosolease, ME (PubMed, 2010)
The study evaluated the safety, efficacy and acceptability of Implanon (etonogestrel) subdermal implant contraceptive amongst its acceptors.This was part of an on going prospective longitudinal study that involved 32 women out of 46 sexually active healthy informed volunteers recruited from our family planning clinic between February and March 2007. All the subjects received the single rod subdermal implant Implanon which contains 68 mg etonogestrel. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual pattern, haematological indices, weight, blood pressure, side effects and user's satisfaction were collected and analysed. The subjects served as their own control.The mean age and parity were 33.9 +/- 5.2 years and 3.1 +/- 1.7 respectively. The mean weight was 71.4 +/- 12.0 kg at pre-insertion. At 6 months the weight reduced to a non significant (p < 0.13) mean value of 70.0 +/- 10.5 kg and increased to a non significant (p < 0.88) mean value of 71.5 +/- 11.6 kg at 12 months. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not show statistical significant changes at 6 months follow up (p < 0.17/0.64). However at 12 months there were significant but within normal reductions (p < 0.003/0.05) in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The side effects were menstrual abnormalities. Eighteen (56.3%), 1 (3.1%) and 13 (40.6%) reported reduced, increased and combinations of bleeding patterns respectively. No participant had normal cycle. Other experiences were headache, 4 (12.5%) and reduced libido 3 (9.4%). The mean packed and white blood cell concentrations did not show statistical significant changes at 6 and 12 months follow up. At 12 months there was statistical significant increase (p < 0.04) in the mean +/- SD platelet count (205312.5 +/- 75694.8 per ul) when compared with the pre-insertion mean value (176343.8 +/- 52945.3 per ul). One acceptor had thrombocytopenia without any untoward effect. Two subjects discontinued method on account of menorrhagia and headache. The efficacy and continuation rate were 100% and 93.8% respectively. All the clients received adequate information about the method and most of them were satisfied with it at follow up.Implanon was an effective, safe and acceptable method of contraception amongst its acceptors. Menstrual abnormalities were the major side effects which most of the subjects found tolerable with adequate counseling. The reduced platelet concentration of the one acceptor would require follow up to ascertain the trend.
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Nigerian Primary and Post Primary Teachers’ Utility of the Due Process of Law - Akiri, Agharuwhe A. (Journal of Social Sciences (Print), 2010)
The paper focused on the utility of the due process of law by teachers as a protection and corrective measure in case of problems between teachers and the system served. The writer reviewed how ‘right’ and the due process can be related as well as the essence of the due process when considering the crucial areas as portrayed in the paper. In the process, the writer utilized available cases and necessary administrative examples which thus, amplified, substantiated and assisted in the analysis of the areas considered. Finally, the writer suggested that based on possible changes in the society, there is the need to examine and revise past statues, laws, edicts and decrees to improve some problematic areas faced by teachers in the teaching profession. This approach will not only ensure and allow harmony, peace and promote respect for each individual’s right in the teaching profession but, also ensure satisfaction among teachers.
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Understanding student choice of university and marketing strategies in Syrian private higher education - Al‐Fattal, Anas (2010)
The focus of this study is student choice and marketing in the private higher education sector in Syria. The literature review shows two contrasting attitudes regarding introducing marketing into education. Over the last few decades, the need for marketing has become more critical for organisational efficiency. Reasons that make marketing an important aspect in reflecting positively on an institution and the community are highlighted. The literature review concludes that the literature on marketing higher education is mainly based in Western contexts and cultures. It also highlights the paucity of literature combining strategies of marketing higher education and student choice of university, hence the focus of the study. The study is underpinned by three research questions aiming at investigating (1) the process of student choice of university, (2) marketing strategies at private universities in Syria, and (3) the relationship between student choice of university and marketing strategies. As the research investigates two distinct areas, it is set within a composite theoretical framework which draws on the process of student choice of university, and institutional marketing strategies. The composite model combines two marketing models from the literature, ‘marketing mix’ and ‘student choice of university’. I demonstrate how these two models complement each other, as together they form further comprehensive marketing strategies. The design of each marketing mix element is dependent on student choice analysis, and similarly understanding each step in the student choice of university is dependent on the elements of the mix. The research was conducted in three phases. The first phase was exploratory, which served in providing initial insights into the context, improving research design, and testing the theoretical framework. The first phase involved a pilot study and interviews with students. The second phase was a survey of 335 students at three private universities in Syria, which established a basis for generalisation. In the third research phase, three in-depth case studies were conducted at three Syrian private universities. Multiple sources of data were used to understand relevant issues of these cases, which were documents, researcher diary, andinterviews with three different groups: administrative members of staff, students and parents. The findings validate the application of the theoretical models, ‘marketing mix’ and ‘student choice of university’, in the Syrian private higher education context. Some modifications to these models are suggested due to contextual factors. The findings show that the process of student choice of university consists of five steps, being motives, information gathering, evaluating alternatives, decision implementation, and post-choice evaluation. The findings also show the marketing mix in Syria to consist of five elements, which are teaching and learning, customer centred focus, finance, branding and environment. An association between student choice of university and marketing strategies is highlighted and a composite model, the atom marketing model, is created on the basis of evidence collected. The study reveals a two-way matrix interrelationship between the two areas; it is a “push-pull” relationship, where each is influencing and shaping the other. The study contributes to knowledge in the way it researches theories from the West in a different context. It also demonstrates a detailed description of the relationship between two different marketing models.
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Improving the Standard and Quality of Primary Education in Nigeria: A Case Study of Oyo and Osun States - Alaba, Sofowora Olaniyi (International journal for cross-disciplinary subjects in education, 2010)
This study discusses government effort at ensuring quality education at the primary school in the south western Nigeria.Triangulation approach was employed.Six hundred teachers were selected through stratified sampling techniques.Data was collected using a questionnaire on 4 point Likert rating scale.The results showed that 54% of the schools in the 2 states are yet to implement the 1:30 teacher pupil's ratio as stipulated in the National Policy on Education.School Attendance Registers (F= 0.059, df (1,526) p,> 0.809) and Record of Works are badly kept in the schools in the schools (F 0.11,df= (1,52)1p> 0.7).The classroom test and examination questions given to the students are defective and not reliable (F= 0.22,df = (1,513) P> 0.83).Also the language of construction was bad (F= 0.439, df,= (1,519) p >0.539).It was also revealed that there were more female teachers (66%) than made (31%).Most schools were also found to lack Elementary Science Laboratory as stipulated in the National Policy on Education (F= 0.469,(df= 1.513)p> 0.883).
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Civil war in Africa has no link to climate change - Aldhous, Peter (New Scientist, 2010)
Prosperity rather than climate change seems to govern the incidence of civil war in Africa
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Teachers and Access to Schooling in Ghana. CREATE Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 43. - Alhassan, Seidu; Adzahlie-Mensah, Vincent (2010)
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Teaching Physiology to Dental Students: Matching Teaching and Learning Styles in a South African Dental School - Allers, Nico (Journal of Dental Education, 2010)
This study compared the preference for learning styles of dental students in a small class in physiology at a South African university with the preference for teaching styles of the lecturers. It also analyzed and evaluated the teaching methods and aids the lecturers used. The study was done in the last teaching block of the year after students have been exposed to all the lecturing styles in the same premedical subject. Two separate questionnaires were used in the study in order to evaluate teaching methods and teaching media used by the lecturers and to measure the teaching methods and teaching media that students preferred. Through a critical analysis of the data, it was found that the students preferred cooperative and active teaching/learning experiences more than the lecturers are using them. The study emphasizes the importance of students being actively involved in the teaching‐learning process through cooperative methods. This may enhance their ability to utilize cognitive skills such as creative thinking, interpretation, critical thinking, and problem‐solving.
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Primary school in Congo: heritage, hybridity and resilience - Andre, Géraldine; Poncelet, Marc (2010)
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Applicability of the Student Course Experience Questionnaire (SCEQ) in an African Context: The Case of Nigerian Universities - Andrew, Nifarta Peingurta (Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, 2010)
Student's perceptions surveys of university course experiences and learning environments has been part of quality evaluation in higher education in the western world, especially Australia and UK for the purpose of accountability, learning improvements or both.In Africa, particularly in Nigeria, it has not been so.Therefore this article examines the factor structure of a modified student's course experience questionnaire (SCEQ) with Nigerian undergraduate students to determine its applicability in an African context and also to investigate the similarities and differences in student's perceptions across different variables.It is based on a survey of 3,400 undergraduate students of all levels from five degree courses in faculty of sciences of 17 universities in Nigeria.Findings from exploratory factor analysis supports the scale structure of the nine subscales of a modified version of SCEQ (good teaching, clear goals, course level materials & resources, emphasis on independence, appropriate workload, appropriate assessment, surface learning strategy, deep learning strategy and generic skills).This study could provide a basis for gender, degree courses, level of study, cross university, and international benchmarking.While there was variation of student's perception across many variables, students who perceived their courses and learning environment most favorably adopted a deep learning strategy, acquired better generic skills and were most satisfied with their courses as shown by correlation analysis.This information could be useful in informing the design of degree coursespecific programs.
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Teacher training and HIV/AIDS prevention in West Africa: regression discontinuity design evidence from the Cameroon - Arcand, Jean‐Louis; Wouabe, Eric Djimeu (Health Economics, 2010)
Abstract We assess the impact on teenage childbearing as well as student knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of a typical HIV/AIDS teacher training program in the Cameroon. Applying a regression discontinuity design identification strategy based on the key administrative criterion that determined program deployment, we find that 15–17 year old girls in teacher training schools are between 7 and 10 percentage points less likely to have started childbearing, an objective proxy for the incidence of unprotected sex. They are also significantly more likely to have used a condom during their last sexual intercourse. For 12–13 year old girls, the likelihood of self‐reported abstinence and condom use is also significantly higher in treated schools, while the likelihood of having multiple partners is significantly lower. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Determinants of Demand for Open and Distance Learning in Ethiopia: The Case of Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) - Asmamaw, Fekade (2010)
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Causes and prevalence of ocular morbidity among primary school children in Ilorin, Nigeria. - Ayanniyi, Abdulkabir Ayansiji; Alameddine, Mahmoud; Olatunji, FO (PubMed, 2010)
To determine the causes and prevalence of ocular morbidity among primary school children in Ilorin, Nigeria.A cross sectional survey of primary school children in 10 randomly selected primary schools within Ilorin, Nigeria was carried out between July 2005 and January 2006. Relevant ocular history and basic ocular examinations were carried out on the children that were selected from a multi-stage sampling process.One thousand three hundred and ninety three pupils were surveyed. There were 689 (49.4%) boys and 704 (50.6%) girls. The age range was between 4 and 15 years. The mean and modal ages were 10.16 SD 2.5 and 10 respectively. Two hundred and seventy seven pupils had ocular pathology giving a prevalence of 19.9%. The two most common ocular disorders found among the pupils were refractive errors and vernal conjunctivitis with prevalence of 6.9% and 6.7% respectively. Others included genetic / congenital / developmental ocular disorders 39 (2.8%), glaucoma / glaucoma suspect 20 (1.4%), ocular infections 18 (1.3%), and ocular trauma 11 (0.8%). More than three-quarters (86.7%) of the causes of visual impairment and blindness among the pupils were avoidable (preventable or treatable).The sheer magnitude of avoidable causes of visual impairment and blindness in the study underscores the need for effective school eye-health programmes in developing countries.
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Conflict, Collaboration and Climate Change: Participatory Democracy and Urban Environmental Struggles in Durban, South Africa - Aylett, Alex (International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2010)
Abstract The South Durban Basin on the eastern coast of South Africa is home to both a large‐scale petrochemical industry and a highly mobilized residential community. In a conflict cemented by apartheid‐era planning, the community's campaigns to improve local air quality provide a test case for the value of conflict for participatory democratic structures. In the context of the work of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the South Durban Basin also provides an opportunity to push the boundaries of the established links between participation and the design and implementation of responses to a changing climate. Contributing to one of the main themes of the symposium, this article argues that the focus on collaboration and compromise within studies of governance and participation overlooks both the reality of conflict and its potentially positive effects. Addressing this requires particular attention to how power relationships influence processes of governance, and the role of civil society in balancing the influence of the private sector on the state. It also calls for a better understanding of conflict and collaboration as mutually re‐enforcing elements of an ongoing and dynamic political process. Together, the elements of this critique help to build a more nuanced view of participatory urban governance: one that both better describes and may better facilitate the ability of urban populations to collectively, effectively and rapidly respond to the challenges of a changing climate. Résumé Le bassin Sud de Durban, situé sur la côte Est de l'Afrique du Sud, abrite à la fois un vaste secteur pétrochimique et une communauté résidentielle particulièrement mobilisée. Dans une lutte cimentée par un urbanisme datant de l'apartheid, les campagnes communautaires pour améliorer la qualité de l'air local testent la valeur de la lutte en faveur de structures démocratiques participatives. De plus, dans le cadre des travaux du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), le bassin Sud de Durban offre une occasion de repousser les limites des liens établis entre la participation, d'une part, et l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre de réponses au changement climatique, d'autre part. Contribuant à l'un des principaux thèmes du symposium, cet article montre que, compte tenu de leur focalisation sur la collaboration et le compromis, les études sur la gouvernance et la participation négligent la réalité de la lutte autant que ses effets positifs potentiels. Pour ce faire, il examine comment les relations de pouvoir modulent les processus de gouvernance ainsi que le rôle de la société civile visant àéquilibrer l'influence du secteur privé sur l'État. Il convient également de mieux appréhender lutte et collaboration comme des composantes qui se nourrissent mutuellement dans un processus politique permanent et dynamique. Les éléments de cette analyse critique, une fois réunis, aident àélaborer une vision plus nuancée de la gouvernance urbaine participative. Cette vision offre une meilleure description et peut faciliter l'aptitude des populations urbaines à réagir de façon collective, efficace et rapide aux défis du changement climatique.
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Rural education and rural realities : the politics and possibilities of rural community-based research in southern Africa : call for papers - Balfour, Robert J.; Lange, Naydene de (Perspectives in Education, 2010)
Marsden (2006) suggests that rurality as a signifier is transformative, capable of changing behaviour and affecting the motivation of teachers, community workers, and learners. Research from the projects located in rural areas, and projects which focus on the challenges associated with rurality, demonstrate that the very generative and transformative nature of rurality serves both to inform but also to delimit the effectiveness of intervention programmes designed, often with the best of intentions in mind, for education, health care, job creation, and poverty alleviation.
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Madagascar volcanic provinces linked to the Gondwana break-up: Geochemical and isotopic evidences for contrasting mantle sources - Bardintzeff, Jacques-Marie; Liégeois, Jean-Paul; Bonin, Bernard; Bellón, Hervé; Rasamimanana, Georges (Gondwana Research, 2010)
After the Gondwana break-up and Greater India splitting off, Madagascar suffered volcanic episodes. The Cretaceous Morondava flood basalt (CFB) province was emplaced ca. 93 Ma ago. Two coeval high-Ti–P (HTP) and low-Ti–P (LTP) suites are distributed within the alkaline Ankilizato (central) and tholeiitic Manamana (southern) sub-provinces. Sr–Nd isotope compositions display a trend from depleted (εNd = + 7.5; Sri = 0.7030; Antsoha end-member) to highly enriched products (εNd = − 17; Sri = 0.7228; Manamana end-member). Antsoha end-member is considered to be located at the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary while the composition of Manamana end-member implies a location within the Archean to Proterozoic continental lithosphere. Oligocene Ankaratra HTP alkaline province, Miocene Ankilioaka transitional province, Pliocene Ambre Mountain and Pleistocene Nosy Be Island alkaline volcanoes display a restricted isotopic range (εNd = + 4 to 0; Sri = 0.7032 to 0.7048) forming an array distinct from the Cretaceous trend, implying the enriched pole did not correspond to Manamana end-member. This Cenozoic array could result from mixing between Antsoha end-member and BSE or a pole beyond. The exceptional variation of mantle sources involved in the Cretaceous episode contrasts with the more homogeneous near-BSE source during the Cenozoic. Several lines of evidence dismiss the mantle plume model. Cretaceous volcanism resulted from reactivation of a lithospheric scale shear zone due to plate reorganisation that eventually led to the Madagascar–India continental break-up. The lower lithospheric/asthenospheric melt (Antshoha end-member) was able to melt the most enriched/fusible parts of an upper lithospheric mantle (Manamana end-member); these two melts partly mixed. Long-lasting Neogene volcanic activity was less voluminous. The melting source was restricted to a lower part of the lithospheric mantle.
openalex: W2110620622 mag: 2110620622
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Determinants of Primary Students' Attainment in Africa - Barrett, Angeline M; Smith, MC (2010)
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South African approaches to structured education in type 1 diabetes : diabetes educator's focus - Beckert, Kamaretha; Merwe, Laurie Van der (South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, 2010)
We as specialised diabetes nurse educators encounter many obstacles when educating patients on effective management of their condition. Often people with diabetes are confused as a result of unstructured or incomplete education on their condition and therefore cannot maintain optimal health and a good quality of life. There may be underlying emotional or stress-related issues that should be addressed before patients can become self-motivated with regard to managing their disease. Much needs to be done in South Africa to improve education and care of people with diabetes.
openalex: W183864039 mag: 183864039
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Activity report: peace education in Liberia - Benda, Ebenezer Mainlehwon Vonhm (Journal of Peace Education, 2010)
openalex: W2026393699 mag: 2026393699
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HIV/AIDS and Screening Efficacy of African American Students - Brandon, Dorothy P.; Smith, Cynthia Marie; Sistani, N.; Grigsby, Johnnie; Young, Allyson; Tibbs, Eunice (Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 2010)
This study examined African American students’ perceived fear of having a seropositive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, their general self‐efficacy, and screening efficacy. General self‐efficacy is believed to be a factor in facilitating change in one’s behavior. The sample ( N = 398) consisted of graduate and undergraduate African American students enrolled at one Historically Black College and University. About one‐fifth of the sample reported they were afraid to be screened for HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). t ‐tests were conducted to determine if there were differences between students who feared being screened for HIV/AIDS and those who did not fear being screened. Differences were found between the two groups on their perceived fear of being HIV positive, their general self‐efficacy, and their screening efficacy. Implications for Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and others include placing more emphasis on reducing fears and increasing efficacy as a means to facilitate a change in health behavior.
openalex: W1522663779 mag: 1522663779
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[The country of hospitality: learning cultural competence in Senegal]. - Brouillard, Maxime; Métayer, Justine (Perspective infirmière : revue officielle de l'Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec, 2010)
openalex: W2416183135 mag: 2416183135
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Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Proximal Intercessory Prayer (STEPP) on Auditory and Visual Impairments in Rural Mozambique - Brown, Candy Gunther; Mory, Stephen C.; Williams, Rebecca J.; McClymond, Michael J. (Southern Medical Journal, 2010)
Proximal intercessory prayer (PIP) is a common complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy, but clinical effects are poorly understood, partly because studies have focused on distant intercessory prayer (DIP).This prospective study used an audiometer (Earscan(R) 3) and vision charts (40 cm, 6 m "Illiterate E") to evaluate 24 consecutive Mozambican subjects (19 males/5 females) reporting impaired hearing (14) and/or vision (11) who subsequently received PIP interventions.We measured significant improvements in auditory (P <0.003) and visual (P <0.02) function across both tested populations.Rural Mozambican subjects exhibited improved audition and/or visual acuity subsequent to PIP. The magnitude of measured effects exceeds that reported in previous suggestion and hypnosis studies. Future study seems warranted to assess whether PIP may be a useful adjunct to standard medical care for certain patients with auditory and/or visual impairments, especially in contexts where access to conventional treatment is limited.
openalex: W2109675801 mag: 2109675801
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Providing knowledge on climate variability and change in African countries as the basis of a national adaptation strategy - Cappelen, John; Stendel, Martin; May, Wilhelm; Olesen, Mary-Ann Knudstrup; Jørgensen, A. M. K. (10th EMS Annual Meeting, 2010)
openalex: W3109147483 mag: 3109147483
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Health Education in school: teachers’ and future teachers’ conceptions (Europe, Africa and Middle East) - Carvalho, Graça Simões de; Berger, Dominique (2010)
openalex: W127239458 mag: 127239458
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IEEE Student Branch profile: Out of Africa - Causer, Craig (IEEE Potentials, 2010)
Cape Town is no stranger to grandiose views and modern development. After all, the City Bowl area is the only place in the world to view a devil and a lion seated across a table from one another—Devil's Peak to the east and Lion's Head to the west are set apart by the two miles of leveled plateau known as Table Mountain. This mountainous cradle is both a physically and metaphorically striking snapshot. The Devil, signifying chaos, darkness, and ego, balanced on a scale with the authority, wisdom, and courage of the lion.
openalex: W2056374379 mag: 2056374379
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An Assessment of E-Tutoring Preparedness for asynchronous classes in Open and Distance Learning at the Zimbabwe Open University - Chakuchichi, David Chakuchichi (2010)
In Open and Distance Learning (ODL), the shift from synchronous to asynchronous models of instruction is gaining momentum. Asynchronous models in ODL enhance universities’ potential to reach a larger component of the student market as distance is no longer any issue. However, there are a number of variables that must be considered in order for the strategy to be effective. McKenzie points out that the transition from other forms of instructional delivery to E-tutoring involves changing mindsets on both the tutors and students. For effective e-tutoring to take place a number of workshops should take place in order to change these mindsets and to prepare tutors for the complexities of the new role. E- Tutoring involves online collaboration, posting of information on the websites, using e-mail for communication as well as receiving students responses via the same routes. In E-tutoring interaction between tutor and student is facilitated by digital technology through computers, CDROM, internet and or cell phones. E-Tutor Preparedness focused on the challenging roles of the tutor which include pedagogical role, social role, organizational role and technical role. In an asynchronous set up both the pedagogical and social role may be affected by lack of training and evaluation. The study sought to establish the level of preparedness for E-tutoring for the Zimbabwe Open University. A self report questionnaire was sent to all e-tutors in the ZOU through e-mail. The responses were analysed using Moonstats and Genstats for social science research to establish the level of preparedness of E-tutors in the four domains. The findings indicated enthusiasm in E-Tutoring, a general lack of preparedness and lack of understanding of some aspects of it. The study recommends that thorough in- house training and capacitation should given the selected E-tutors for the successful and sustainable implementation of the project.
openalex: W927567582 mag: 927567582
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Camilla Toulmin. Climate Change in Africa. London/New York: Zed Books, 2009. Distributed in the USA by Palgrave MacMillan. xiii + 172 pp. Bibliography. Index. $23.95. Paper. - Chenje, Munyaradzi (African studies review, 2010)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
openalex: W1585282097 mag: 1585282097
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Climate Change in Africa - Chenje, Munyaradzi (African Studies Review, 2010)
openalex: W281342678 mag: 281342678
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Clinical haematology training in South Africa : correspondence - Coetzee, Mercia (South African Medical Journal, 2010)
To the Editor : I read Dr Mlombe's letter on clinical haematology training in South Africa in the June SAMJ with interest. Patients with haematological disorders must be treated with a seamless connection between the laboratory and the clinic. The FCPath (SA) (Haem) (Fellowship of the Colleges of Pathologists of South Africa in Haematology) final exam also includes clinical cases.
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Researching students teacher's perceptions of their own learning and assessment in Cameroon - Croft, Alison (2010)
openalex: W160232701 mag: 160232701
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Scholarship in teacher education in South Africa, 1995-2006 - Deacon, Roger; Osman, Ruksana; Buchler, Michelle (2010)
This article reports on findings pertaining to scholarship in teacher education drawn from a wider study on all education research in South Africa from 1995 to 2006. The study, which defined education research as broadly pertaining to teaching and/or learning, obtained extensive data from a wide range of sources: universities, non-government organisations (NGOs), education and training authorities and electronic databases. The levels, scale, educational sectors and disciplinary areas of each entry in the resulting 10 315-strong database were identified, and on the basis of a random sample of 600 texts seven primary research themes in teacher education were identified and are detailed here: the re-conceptualisation of teachers as facilitators, the problems and possibilities of cooperative learning or group work, the use of educational support materials and resources, the idea of ‘teaching for learning’, the importance of context, the nature of continuous assessment, and debates on teacher evaluation.
openalex: W1943255321 mag: 1943255321
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Civil War, Climate Change and Development: A Scenario Study for Sub-Saharan Africa - Devitt, Conor; Tol, Richard S.J. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
We construct a model of development, civil war, and climate change. There are multiple interactions. Economic growth reduces the probability of civil war and the vulnerability to climate change. Climate change increases the probability of civil war. The impacts of climate change, civil war, and civil war in the neighbouring countries reduce economic growth. The model has two potential poverty traps ? a climate-change-induced one and a civil-war-induced one ? and the two poverty traps may reinforce one another. We calibrate the model to Sub-Saharan Africa and conduct a double Monte Carlo analysis accounting for both parameter uncertainty and stochasticity. We find the following. Although we use the SRES scenarios as our baseline, and thus assume rapid economic growth in Africa and convergence of African living standards to the rest of the world, the impact of civil war and climate change (ignored in SRES) are sufficiently strong to keep a number of countries in Africa in deep poverty with a high probability. Other countries enjoy exponential growth; and some countries may either be trapped in poverty or experience rapid growth. The SRES scenarios were wrong to ignore the impact of climate change and civil war on economic development.
openalex: W3123212541 mag: 3123212541
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“Like a Motherless Child”: Racial Education at the New York African Free School and in My Bondage and My Freedom - Duane, Anna Mae (American Literature, 2010)
In this essay, Duane argues that reading two disparate texts together—the largely unknown school records chronicling the work of antebellum black children and a text by the most prominent African American author in the canon—allows a powerful model to emerge for reading the mediated voices of children, slaves, and other marginalized people. Duane recovers and analyzes the records of the New York African Free School in the 1810s and 1820s, an archive that features the work of the first generation of black children to inherit freedom in New York City. She argues that the scripted performances of the NYAFS students offer insight into a set of overlapping cultural metaphors that structured black-white relations throughout the nineteenth century and beyond. The interaction between black students and white teachers anticipates the treatment that many early black abolitionists received from white abolitionists—of which the famous clash between Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison is the most prominent example. By untangling the assumptions that underlie these performances, Duane suggests that we can better understand and analyze other interactions scripted by the overarching and intertwined beliefs that African Americans were children, and that children's subjectivities could be shaped according to the will of their educators.
openalex: W2012087528 mag: 2012087528
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Sources: Encyclopedia of African American Education - Earp, Vanessa (Reference and User Services Quarterly, 2010)
openalex: W2313754801 mag: 2313754801
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School-based program for injury prevention and safety promotion in Ismailia city, Egypt - El-Sayed, Hesham; Gad, Suzan; Saied, Hala; Gamal, D (Injury Prevention, 2010)
In vivo effects of GABA_B receptor-positive modulators suggest them to have therapeutic potential to treat central nervous system disorders such as anxiety and drug abuse. Although these effects are thought to be mediated by positive modulation of GABA_B receptors, such modulation has been examined primarily in vitro. This study further examined the in vivo properties of the GABA_B receptor-positive modulators 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) phenol (CGP7930) and (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one (rac-BHFF). In pigeons discriminating baclofen from saline, γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) produced 100% baclofen-appropriate responding, and the GABA_B antagonist 3-aminopropyl(dimethoxymethyl) phosphinic acid (CGP35348) blocked the effects of both drugs. CGP7930 and rac-BHFF produced at most 41 and 74% baclofen-appropriate responding, respectively, and enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of baclofen, but not of GHB. In pigeons discriminating GHB from saline, CGP7930 and rac-BHFF produced at most 1 and 49% GHB-appropriate responding, respectively, and enhanced the effects of baclofen, but not of GHB. Enhancement of the discriminative stimulus effects of baclofen by rac-BHFF and CGP7930 is further evidence of their effectiveness as GABA_B receptor-positive modulators in vivo. Furthermore, lack of complete substitution of the positive modulators rac-BHFF and CGP7930 for baclofen and GHB suggests that their discriminative stimulus effects differ from those of GABA_B receptor agonists. Finally, together with converging evidence that the GABA_B receptor populations mediating the effects of baclofen and GHB are not identical, the present findings suggest that these populations differ in their susceptibility to positive modulatory effects. Such differences could allow for more selective therapeutic targeting of the GABA_B system.
openalex: W2167000724 mag: 2167000724
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Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to occupational injuries in east delta region of Egypt - Eldin, Waleed Salah; Hirshon, Jon Mark; Smith, Gordon S.; Kamal, Akram; Abou-El-Fetouh, Aisha; El-Setouhy, Maged (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Background Occupational injuries are a public health problem. Determining rates, types and burden of occupational injuries is critical in planning prevention strategies. Objectives To describe the epidemiology of occupational injuries in the Eastern Delta industrial region of Egypt and to measure the burden of these injuries in terms of DALYs. Method A retrospective chart review was conducted of all individuals with occupational injuries presenting in 2008 to the Nile Insurance Hospital, the main East Delta Hospital for insured patients. Results During 2008, there were 2129 occupational injuries presenting to the Nile Insurance Hospital. Cases were 85% males with mean age 30.79 years (range 18 59 years). Ninety-five percent of injuries reportedly occurred inside the workplace, with the most frequent cause (40%) contributed to collision against machines or part of a machine. About 89% of injuries occurred during work; 4.7% of cases occurred going to or from work. Previous work injuries were report by 41% of injured workers. Hands/fingers were the most frequently affected body part. Among different industries present in the East Delta region, the glass/crystal industry had the highest incidence rate of injuries (112.6/1000 workers). Crystal polishing workers were the most frequently injured workers (36.5%). Only 3.1% of injuries resulted in partial disability. The overall reported injuries resulted in 367.53 DALYs. Conclusions This study identifies potential high risk industries and occupations in the East Delta region of Egypt. Preventive measures should be targeted against such factors.
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Oil pollution management and environmental assessment in the Niger Delta : a case study of operations of Chevron Nigeria LTD in Ugborodo community in Delta State of Nigeria - Eyitsede, Tosan S. N. (2010)
x CHAPTER ONE Introduction: 1-5 1.0 Chevron Nigeria Limited Historical Background: 6-10 1:1 Ugborodo Community Brief History 10-15 1:4 Statement of the Problem: 16-17 1:3 Aims and Objective: 18 1.3 Justification for the project——————————————————19 1.4 Scope and Limitation: ,,,,,,, 20 1.4 Research Plan : ,,,,,. 21
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumours at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria: an immunohistochemical study of GIT mesenchymal tumours. - Ezeome, Emmanuel; Olusina, DB; Igbokwe, UO (PubMed, 2010)
Mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are uncommon. Recent progress in the understanding of the biology and origin of these tumours has led to their reclassification. A new subclass designated Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST) is diagnosed based on the presence of a mutational over expression of c-kit protein that is thought to be critical in the pathogenesis of these tumours. This new class oftumours may form the majority of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours. Even though the diagnosis of GIST is mainly based on positive staining with CD117, a minority of tumours with histological characteristics of GIST are CD117 negative and are classified as CD117 negative GIST. In this first review of mesenchymal GIT tumours from Nigeria, we present 11 cases ofmesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract seen within a six-year period at our centre. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 7 of them in which histological appearances suggested GIST. Only two cases had all the criteria defined in the consensus conference on the diagnosis of GIST. Our findings, albeit in a very small sample, contrasts with what obtains in developed countries in the proportion of GIT mesenchymal tumours that are truly GIST. This raises a question to be answered on the true nature and proportion of gastrointestinal strumal tumours among GIT tumours in Nigerian patients.
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Reworking the Analytical Framework for Plantain and Banana (Musa sp.) Innovation System in Nigeria for Improved Learning and Capacity Development - Faturoti, B. O.; Madukwe, M. C.; Igbokwe, E. M.; Agwu, A. E. (Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010)
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In vivo protective effect of ferulic acid against noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea-pig - Fetoni, Anna Rita; Mancuso, Cesare; Eramo, Sara Letizia Maria; Ralli, Massimo; Piacentini, Roberto; Barone, Eugenio; Paludetti, Gaetano; Troiani, Diana (Neuroscience, 2010)
Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound whose neuroprotective activity was extensively studied in vitro. In this study, we provided functional in vivo evidence that FA limits noise-induced hearing loss. Guinea-pigs exposed to acoustic trauma for 1 h exhibited a significant impairment in auditory function; this injury was evident as early as 1 day from noise exposure and persisted over 21 days. Ferulic acid (150 mg/kg i.p. for 4 days) counteracted noise-induced hearing loss at days 1, 3, 7 and 21 from noise exposure. The improvement of auditory function by FA was paralleled by a significant reduction in oxidative stress, apoptosis and increase in hair cell viability in the organ of Corti. Interestingly in the guinea-pig cochleae, the neuroprotective effect of FA was functionally related not only to its scavenging ability in the peri-traumatic period but also to the up-regulation of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); in fact, FA-induced improvement of auditory function was counteracted by the HO inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin-IX and paralleled the time-course of HO-1 induction over 3–7 days. These results confirm the antioxidant properties of FA as free-radical scavenger and suggest a role of HO-1 as an additional mediator against noise-induced ototoxicity.
openalex: W1978700067 mag: 1978700067
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Do Forests Help Rural Households Adapt to Climate Variability? Evidence from Southern Malawi - Fisher, Monica; Chaudhury, Moushumi; McCusker, Brent (World Development, 2010)
Data from rural Malawi are used to assess the role of forests in rural household adaptation to climate variability, and to examine implications for adaptation to future climate change. Although forests do not currently play a role in anticipatory adaptation by rural households, they do appear important for reactive coping: providing food during shortages, and a source of cash for coping with weather-related crop failure. We find households most reliant on forests have low income per person, are located close to forest, and are headed by individuals who are older, more risk averse, and less educated than their cohorts.
openalex: W2025310322 mag: 2025310322
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Holocene explosive eruptions in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, Tanzania - Fontijn, Karen; Ernst, Gérald J.; Elburg, Marlina; Williamson, David; Abdallah, Edister A; Kwelwa, Shimba; Mbede, Evelyne; Jacobs, Patric (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2010)
The Holocene explosive eruptive record of Rungwe and Ngozi volcanoes of the Rungwe Volcanic Province in Tanzania was reconstructed based on detailed stratigraphic field evidence combined with whole-rock major and trace element analyses of tephra samples. This reconstruction is supported by 25 new radiocarbon dates on palaeosols that provide additional constraints on the Holocene tephro-chronostratigraphy. We show evidence of two catastrophic Ngozi eruptions and five Rungwe pumice fallout deposits, and also identify several more intercalated poorly preserved pumice and ash deposits. The Ngozi eruptions probably played a role in shaping the present-day caldera. The Rungwe record includes a ca. 2.2 km3 deposit of a Plinian-style eruption dated at ca. 4 ka, a sub-Plinian one at ca. 2 ka and at least three additional smaller-scale fallout deposits. The Rungwe explosive eruptive record shows that the volcano has been frequently active in its late Holocene past. This study highlights the need for volcanic monitoring in the region and presents herewith the first basis of future volcanic hazard assessment.
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The Prospects and Challenges of Information Retrieval by University Students: A case study of Post Graduate Students of the University of Ghana, Legon - Fordjour, R.; Badu, Edwin Ellis; Adjei, Edwin (2010 AAAE Third Conference/AEASA 48th Conference, September 19-23, 2010, Cape Town, South Africa, 2010)
The poor performance of students in the various universities has been attributed to the inability of students to effectively retrieve information for academic work. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prospects and challenges of information retrieval among university students. The survey research method was used to investigate the awareness and use of information retrieval systems, document retrieved and its relevance to student’s information need, challenges of information retrieval among students and future expectation of information retrieving skills by students. Three student faculties in the University of Ghana, Legon participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 29 items was used as an instrument for collecting data. The findings reveal that students from all the faculties considered are highly aware of the information retrieval systems. However, there was no relationship between awareness of information retrieval systems and faculties. The study also shows that the use of information retrieval tools to retrieve relevant information depends on the information needs of the student. The study recommends that information retrieval skills training programme should be embedded in the curriculum and undertaken at an appropriate time and supported by academic staff of the University. In addition, the University administrators should ensure students studying subjects without an emphasis upon technology receive sufficient information retrieval skills training so that they are not prejudiced against due to subject chosen. Also, ensure that information retrieval skills training are pitched at a level which is appropriate to the individual needs of the student.
openalex: W1528599251 mag: 1528599251
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The Prospects and Challenges of Information Retrieval by University Students: A case study of Post Graduate Students of the University of Ghana, Legon - Fordjour, R.; Badu, Edwin Ellis; Adjei, Edwin (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
The poor performance of students in the various universities has been attributed to the inability of students to effectively retrieve information for academic work. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prospects and challenges of information retrieval among university students. The survey research method was used to investigate the awareness and use of information retrieval systems, document retrieved and its relevance to student’s information need, challenges of information retrieval among students and future expectation of information retrieving skills by students. Three student faculties in the University of Ghana, Legon participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 29 items was used as an instrument for collecting data. The findings reveal that students from all the faculties considered are highly aware of the information retrieval systems. However, there was no relationship between awareness of information retrieval systems and faculties. The study also shows that the use of information retrieval tools to retrieve relevant information depends on the information needs of the student. The study recommends that information retrieval skills training programme should be embedded in the curriculum and undertaken at an appropriate time and supported by academic staff of the University. In addition, the University administrators should ensure students studying subjects without an emphasis upon technology receive sufficient information retrieval skills training so that they are not prejudiced against due to subject chosen. Also, ensure that information retrieval skills training are pitched at a level which is appropriate to the individual needs of the student.
openalex: W3123894755 mag: 3123894755
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