Glycaemic Control, Dyslipidaemia and Metabolic Syndrome among Recently Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana - Titty, FK (West African journal of medicine, 2010)
Poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome are all risk factors for cardiovascular disease.To determine the association between glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome and their relative incidence among recently diagnosed diabetic patients in Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana.This prospective study, which involved a sample size of 240 diabetics, was conducted at the Tamale Teaching/Regional Hospital in the Northern Region of Ghana from September 2006 to August 2007. Data obtained about each patient included blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, fasting glucose, lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, and HbA1C levels. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.The frequency of good glycaemic control, poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome among the patients were 96(40.0%), 144(60.0%), 164(68.3%),and 104(43.3%) respectively. Dyslipidaemia occurred in 56(58.3%) of the patients with good glycaemic control and 108(75.0%) of those with poor glycaemic control. Metabolic syndrome occurred in 32 (33.3%) of the patients with good glycaemic control and 72 (50.0%) of the patients with poor glycaemic control.Among recently diagnosed diabetic patients in Tamale Teaching Hospital in Ghana, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome were each associated with poor glycaemic control. Dyslipidaemia was the most sensitive predictor of cardiovascular disease, followed by poor glycaemic control and thirdly metabolic syndrome.
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Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements in healthy primary school entrants in Jos, Nigeria - Akor, Francis; Okolo, SN; Okolo, AA (South African Journal of Child Health, 2010)
Objectives. To describe blood pressure and its relationship to weight and height in healthy newly enrolled school entrants in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods. We measured the blood pressures of 650 healthy, randomly selected pupils after a complete physical examination at the start of school in the morning, using standard procedures. Results. There were 301 male and 349 female children (male/female ratio 0.9:1). Their ages ranged from 5 to 12 years, with a mean of 6.6 (standard deviation (SD) 1.3) years. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 102.5 (SD 9.43) and 73.0 (SD 10.0) mmHg, respectively, and were significantly higher in private school pupils compared with public school pupils (97.1 (SD 9.17) and 70.1 (SD 9.65) mmHg, respectively, p <0.05). Blood pressure did not differ significantly between the genders. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with age, weight and height in both genders. Anthropometric indices had a positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures ( r =0.26 - 1.22, p <0.05). Two children (0.3%) had persistently elevated blood pressure. Conclusion. Blood pressures were higher in private school pupils compared with public school pupils of the same age, while height and weight had a direct relationship to the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Routine blood pressure monitoring of schoolchildren should be encouraged, starting at school entry to serve as a baseline assessment, with follow-up when indicated. In addition, blood pressure measurement should be a part of the routine clinical examination of children.
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Scaling up and sustaining community-based care for preschool and school-age children – successes and challenges in Malawi - Drouin, Olivier; Heymann, Jody (Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 2010)
Community-based organizations (CBOs) are an important model for the care of orphans and other vulnerable children whose life and development are threatened by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and poverty. However, data are lacking on the challenges and solutions enabling successful expansion of these programs to the national level. This article presents some of the experiences encountered by Malawi in the expansion of their network of CBOs. Challenges addressed by CBO, intergovernmental organisation (IGO) and government leaders centred on developing a shared understanding of goals and solutions as well as on obtaining, training and retaining sufficient care providers. The implications of Malawi's experience in these areas for the effectiveness of other programs are discussed.
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Biomarkers of pollution in soils irrigated with wastewater in Tunisia - Fredj, Fahmi Ben; Irie, Mitsuteru; Han, Jianzhong; Charef, Abdelkrim; Ghrabı, Ahmed; Isoda, Hiroko (Ecology and the Environment, 2010)
Wastewater reuse for irrigation is expected in the Mediterranean basin as a sustainable alternative with socio-economic benefits.However, wastewater carries considerable amounts of harmful chemicals and trace toxic metals that are able to accumulate in soil.This pollution loading is threatening both the vegetation and the groundwater and, consequently, human health.Therefore, in this study, in vitro bioassays were used to evaluate the adverse effects of wastewater and soil extract samples, on mammalian cells, with respect to heavy metal content (Ni, Cd, Pb, Fe and Al).The irrigation water, from a wastewater treatment plant, was sampled at Zaouit-Sousse perimeter in Tunisia.A representative soil profile irrigated with wastewater (0-90 cm) and a nonirrigated profile (0-40 cm), serving as a control, were sampled in the olive-treeoccupied perimeter.The estrogenic activity of the samples was investigated using the E-screen assay, while the heat shock protein (HSP) 47 assay aimed to determine the stress response of HSP 47-promoter-transfected cells following sample addition.Furthermore, proteomics analyses were performed, aiming to establish specific biomarkers of environmental pollutants.The irrigation water samples induced a high estrogenic activity when the MCF-7 cells were treated at 10% due to the presence of estrogenic compounds.The E-screen assay revealed a cytotoxic effect of the surface soil samples (0-20 cm), even at low concentrations (0.001%).Furthermore, the proteomics experiments allowed the identification of specific biomarkers for estrogenicity and cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells.Moreover, significant stress response was observed following the incubations of the HSP 47-promoter-transfected cells with wastewater samples, Waste Management and the Environment V 435
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Gendered sexuality and HIV in youth narratives : competing factors affecting sexual attitudes of secondary school students in Urban Iringa, Tanzania - Kinnunen, Eija‐Riitta (2010)
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Factors Involved in Selection of a Career in Surgery and Orthopedics for Medical Students in Malawi - Kollias, Carrie; Banza, Leonard; Mkandawire, Nyengo (Malawi medical journal, 2010)
AimsThere is a critical shortage of Orthopedic Surgeons in Malawi as well as all countries in sub-Saharan Africa.To date, there is no published literature that has investigated surgical or Orthopedic career selection amongst African medical trainees.With the goal of facilitating recruitment into Surgery and Orthopedics in Malawi, we explored the key aspects of Malawian Medical Students' choice of careers in surgical disciplines. MethodsAn on-line survey of all students in clinical years at the College of Medicine in Blantyre, Malawi was performed.The survey was anonymous and constructed de novo by a stringent process including Item Generation, Item reduction, Survey composition, Pre-testing, Assessment of Validity by a recognized survey expert, Pilot testing in on-line format by several Malawian Medical Students, and then formal survey testing. ResultsSurgery was the most popular specialty choice among the medical trainees (46%).General Surgery was the popular surgical specialty (27%), followed by Neurosurgery (22%) and Orthopedics (19%).The majority of students (67%) feared occupational exposure to HIV but this did not appear to be a factor in specialty choice (p=0.9).Students with Orthopedic mentors were significantly more likely to choose Orthopedics as their first choice surgical specialty (p = 0.01).Despite limited resources and surgeons in sub-Saharan Africa, surgical specialties are desirable career choices. ConclusionsThis is the first evaluation of factors involved in surgical or Orthopedic career selection in any African context.Future initiatives to improve exposure and mentorship in Orthopedics are fundamental to recruitment into the specialty.
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Repositioning Information Literacy for Learning Societies: Strategies and Prospects for Life-Long Education in the South-South Sub-Region of Nigeria - Ntui, Aniebiet Inyang; Ottong, Eno Joseph (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2010)
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The design of decentralised demand‐driven programmes and equity: Learning from implementation in Malawi councils - Schou, Arild; Tsoka, Maxton (Journal of International Development, 2010)
Abstract This paper analyses demand‐driven development programmes and spatial equality. If focuses on two programme design aspects that are assumed to have a bearing on equality: the degree to which they are demand‐driven and the degree to which they are integrated in to local councils' operations. The lesson from Malawi is that the demand‐driven logic matters; the most demand‐driven programme had the most unequal spatial sharing of benefits among sub‐district units. The level of integration, however, was less significant. Because of weak downwards accountability there was no more equality concern in the most integrated programmes than in the loosely integrated one. These findings illustrate that equality improvement depends on not only design factors but on the accountability of the programmes to the wider community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The impact of climate change on tourism in Egypt as perceived by both policymakers and tourism managers - Shaaban, I.; Ramzy, Yasmine (Ecology and the Environment, 2010)
There is evidence indicating that global climate has changed and is anticipated to continue to change over the 21 st century and beyond.With its close connections to the environment and climate itself, tourism is considered to be a highly climate sensitive sector similar to agriculture and transportation.The regional manifestations of climate change will be highly relevant for tourism destination and tourist alike, requiring adaptation by all major tourism stakeholders.Tourism can play a significant role in addressing climate change, if the innovation and resources of this vital global economic sector are fully mobilized and oriented toward this goal.This paper examines the views of Egyptian policymakers and tourism managers on potential climate change impacts on Egypt's tourism industry, and their policies and action plans in response to such impacts.The paper concludes with a number of adaptation strategies that Egyptian tourism policymakers and tourism managers could adopt to mitigate the effects of climate change.The importance of this paper lies in understanding and analyzing how climate change impacts Egypt as a destination from perspectives of both policymakers and the industry.
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Racial/Ethnic Socialization and Parental Involvement in Education as Predictors of Cognitive Ability and Achievement in African American Children - Banerjee, Meeta; Harrell, Zaje A. T.; Johnson, Deborah J. (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2010)
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Transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism and context‐specific risk of impaired fasting glucose in African American and Caucasian adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study - Yu, Yan; North, Kari E.; Heiss, Gerardo; Klein, Michael L.; Girman, Cynthia J.; Lange, Ethan M.; Pankow, James S.; Brancati, Frederick L.; Boerwinkle, Eric (Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 2010)
Abstract Background Although variants in the transcription factor 7‐like 2 ( TCF7L2 ) gene are consistently associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Caucasians, data from large population‐based studies of African Americans are lacking. Moreover, few studies have investigated the effects of TCF7L2 on IFG in the context of metabolic risk factors for diabetes. Methods We investigated the association between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and incident IFG defined as fasting serum glucose levels of 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) in 1377 African American and 5152 Caucasian participants without diabetes and IFG at intake who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study from 1987 to1989 and were followed for 9 years. Results Incident IFG was identified in 810 (58.8%) African American and 2652 (51.5%) Caucasian participants. Compared to homozygous CC Caucasian individuals, heterozygous CT [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09 (95% CI = 1.03–1.15)] and homozygous TT [1.18 (1.05–1.33)] individuals had significantly higher risk of developing IFG over 9‐year follow‐up. The association between rs7903146 and IFG risk was stronger in Caucasians with obesity [HR CTvs.CC = 1.28 (1.12, 1.47); HR TTvs.CC = 1.65 (1.25, 2.17)] or high triglycerides [HR CTvs.CC = 1.31(1.10, 1.56); HR TTvs.CC = 1.72 (1.21, 2.43)]. No association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and incident IFG was noted in African Americans. Conclusions Our study replicates the association between rs7903146 and IFG risk in a population‐based, longitudinal cohort of Caucasians but not in African Americans. For the first time, our study provides evidence for interactions between TCF7L2 and metabolic risk factors on the occurrence of IFG in Caucasians. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Participant Observation and Community Engagement: An Anthropological Approach to Promote and Assess Transformative Learning with Ngo Internships In Ghana - Patch, Kate; Allen, Andrea (Practicing Anthropology, 2010)
For the fifth year in a row, Michigan State University leads the nation in study abroad participation among public universities in the United States. During the 2007-08 academic year, the most recent year for which data are available, 2,969 MSU students studied abroad. This reflects a 6 percent increase from last year's data. They participated in more than 250 programs in 60 countries on all continents
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Major Causes of Declining Quality of Education in Nigeria from Administrative Perspective: A Case Study of Dekina Local Government Area - Arong, F. E.; Ogbadu, M. A (Canadian Social Science, 2010)
This paper points out the fact that the problem of declining quality of education is mainly an administrative one. Administrative concepts of educational inspection and supervision used in the analysis of the major causes of declining quality of education in Nigeria: A Case study of Dekina Local Government Area clearly reveals this fact. Just as it is within the domain of the sector of educational inspection and school supervision to establish and maintain quality education in the country, so is it also that adequate educational inspection and school supervision will produce high quality education, while lack of it will produce declining quality education. In this case study, the assumed lack of adequate school inspection and supervision had its variable factors that directly or indirectly make for declining quality of education. These identified variables in the form of : lack of qualified teachers, students’/pupils’ attitude to study, library facilities, parental responsibilities, misplaced government priorities and corruption or lack of integrity among some educational stakeholders were x-rayed in both primary and secondary schools in Dekina Local Government Area. With the analysis of the primary data collected, the learners were able to confirm the existence to a high degree of the aforementioned variable factors that make for declining quality of education. The result of the research enabled the learners to provide the conclusions, recommendations and suggestions advanced for further studies. Keywords: Nigeria; Administration; Courses; Education; Inspection; SupervisionResume: Cette etude montre le fait que le probleme de la degradation de la qualite de l'education est essentiellement d'ordre administratif. Les concepts administratifs de l'inspection et de la supervision pedagogiques utilisees dans cette analyse sont des causes principales de la degradation de la qualite de l'education au Nigeria: une etude de cas de la region de gouvernement local de Dekina met clairement en evidence ce fait. Comme il est dans le domaine du secteur de l'inspection pedagogique et de supervision scolaire pour etablir et maintenir un enseignement de qualite dans le pays, ainsi l'inspection pedagogique et supervision scolaire adequates produiront un enseignement de qualite, tandis que le manque de celles-ci produira une degradation de la qualite de l'education. Dans cette etude de cas, le manque suppose de l'inspection et de supervision scolaire adequates avait ses facteurs variables qui, directement ou indirectement, provoque une degradation de la qualite de l'education. Ces variables identifiees dans la forme de: manque d'enseignants qualifies, attitude des etudiants / des eleves vis-a-vis de l'etude, installations dans les bibliotheques, responsabilites parentales, priorites gouvernementales deplacees et corruption ou manque d'integrite chez certains acteurs de l'education ont ete examinees de pres dans les ecoles primaires et secondaires dans la region de gouvernement local de Dekina. Avec l'analyse des donnees primaires collectees, les apprenants ont ete capable de confirmer l'existence d'un degre eleve de facteurs variables ci-dessus qui font la degradation de la qualite de l'education. Le resultat de la recherche a permis aux apprenants de presenter des conclusions, des recommandations et des suggestions formulees pour poursuivre leurs etudes.Mots-Cles: Nigeria; administration; cours; education; inspection; supervision
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KAP STUDY ON ORAL HEALTH AT KHARTOUM DENTAL TEACHING HOSPITAL-SUDAN - Awad, Samah (2010)
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Religion and Habitus: Exploring the Relationship Between Religious Involvement and Educational Outcomes and Orientations Among Urban African American Students - Barrett, Brian (Urban Education, 2010)
Large, lingering, and recently widening gaps in educational achievement exist amid growing differences in access to educational opportunity along lines of race and socioeconomic status among American students. Recognizing these gaps and developing strategies for eliminating them is essential. Previous research has documented a positive relationship between religious involvement and a wide range of adolescent outcomes. Most importantly, for the purposes of this article, these outcomes include educational resilience, attainment, and achievement. However, relatively little is known about the factors behind the relationship between religious involvement and educational outcomes especially for those students most often marginalized within the mainstream education system. This article seeks in particular to explore the influence of religious involvement on the educational outcomes of urban African American adolescents. It draws primarily on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Christian Smith in constructing a theoretical framework employed in the qualitative analysis of interview data illustrating some mechanisms by which religious involvement can serve to promote positive educational outcomes among these students.
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Climate Change in Africa. By C. Toulmin. London and New York: Zed Books (2009), pp. 172, £12.99 (paperback). ISBN 978-1-84813-015-9. - Kassam, Amir (Experimental Agriculture, 2010)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
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Evaluating the effectiveness of Harcombe's cognitive approach to literacy instruction in improving literacy learning in a South African university training setting. - McMahon-Panther, Gail (2010)
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An exploration of strategies employed in English additional language, large class secondary school in Maseru, Lesotho. - Senekane, Mina Mary (2010)
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Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) as a bioindicator of trace element pollution in Tunisian aquatic ecosystems - Abdennadher, Aida; Ramírez, Francisco; Romdhane, Mohamed Salah; Ruíz, Xavier; Jover, Lluís; Sanpera, Carola (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010)
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The evaluation of bedside teaching - an instrument for staff evaluation and student experience: A pilot study at a South African University - Green-Thompson, Lionel; McInerney, Patricia; Veller, Martin (South African Journal of Surgery, 2010)
Background. Bedside teaching is the core teaching strategy in the clinical study years of the medical undergraduate degree at the University of the Witwatersrand. The quality of this teaching strategy has not been formally evaluated by students as other teaching strategies have been. Method. A quantitative, descriptive study was undertaken in the final year of study of the graduate entry medical programme (GEMP). The sample comprised medical students who were completing their surgical block during September and November 2008. There were approximately 30 students in each of these 2 blocks. A bedside teaching evaluation questionnaire was developed, based on previously validated peer review questionnaires used in evaluating small group formal classroom-based lectures. The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of the instrument for evaluating bedside teaching. Results. A sample of 112 evaluations was obtained and the constructs and sub-constructs were subjected to an analysis using Cronbach’s alpha. Conclusion. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.9627, demonstrating that the instrument is reliable and can be used to evaluate bedside teaching.
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Pesticide safety training and practices in women working in small-scale agriculture in South Africa - Naidoo, Saloshni; London, Leslie; Rother, Hanna‐Andrea; Burdorf, Alex; Naidoo, Rajen N.; Kromhout, Hans (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2010)
Unregulated use of pesticides continues in developing countries in the presence of illiteracy and limited safety training and practices. This paper describes training and safety practices when mixing and spraying pesticides, and acetylcholinesterase levels among women farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.A cross-sectional study conducted in women working in small-scale agriculture in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa in 2006 assessed pesticide training and safety practices using a questionnaire survey and measured acetylcholinesterase levels in 803 women. Three components of safety behaviour were identified through principle component analysis and described.The mean age of participants was 41.8 years (range 18-82 years) with a mean of 6.9 years (range 1-12 years) of education among school attendees. Among the 803 women included, 366 (45.6%) were the primary sprayers on their farm. Only 16.4% of the sprayers had ever attended a pesticide training course and only 18.0% reported ever reading pesticide labels. Of the women using some form of protective equipment, 56.7% and 54.9% reported doing so when mixing and spraying pesticides, respectively. The mean acetylcholinesterase level corrected for haemoglobin among study participants was 28.9 U/g Hb (95% CI 28.4 to 29.4).Women working in small-scale agriculture in rural KwaZulu-Natal with limited access to pesticide training observe few safety practices when mixing and spraying pesticides.
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Barriers to school-family collaboration at a school located in an informal settlement in South Africa - Raborife, Mavis Maria; Phasha, Nareadi (Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010)
As the shift towards inclusive education intensifies, the need for school to work collaboratively with families becomes necessary for the sake of maximizing students’ academic success. However, in certain communities such effort is often undermined by various factors which interact directly and/or indirectly with both institutions – school and family. Schools located in informal settlements of South Africa are not unique to this situation. This paper presents the perspectives of parents, educators and school management teams about barriers which inhibit collaboration between the school and families. Interviews conducted in groups and with individual participants were followed as data collection strategies. Findings revealed factors falling under three categories, namely: community, schools and family factors. These factors interact with each other in a dynamic way to create challenges to undermine school-family collaboration. The findings of this study could guide school efforts for promoting meaningful and long-lasting relationships with families. Keywords: Barriers; school-family collaboration; informal settlement; South Africa.
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Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents/guardians of pre-school children in Moshi, Tanzania - Rwakatema, DS; Ng’ang’a, P M (East African medical journal, 2010)
Objective: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of the parents/ guardians of pre-school children in Moshi, Tanzania.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Moshi Municipality,
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The Use of Synchronous Videoconferencing Teaching to Increase Access to Specialist Nurse Education in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - Chipps, Jennifer (Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 2010)
In KwaZulu-Natal more than 50% of the population lives in the rural area but most of the health workers are based in urban centres where teaching hospitals and high incomes are common. Nursing provides the backbone of health care in the public sector. Specialist nurses such as advanced midwives or specialist HIV nurses are in short supply. Teaching via live synchronous videoconference (VC) provides an opportunity to extend specialist education to nurses at rural hospitals. Aim: The aim of the study was to review and evaluate the current use of videoconference education for nurses in KwaZulu-Natal. Methodology: A review the literature on VC education in nursing using bibliometric review strategies was conducted and two nurses’ education courses conducted via videoconferencing was evaluated against a set of criteria developed and validated by the Department of TeleHealth at the University. Results: 81 publications addressing videoconference nurse education were found, most being published after 2000. Over half were descriptive studies, but were still valuable for informing this study. Based on the evaluation of the two courses against the set of criteria, the two courses were aligned sufficiently well with the measurement criteria. Additionally, the delivery of the courses via videoconferencing allowed for the identification of potential cost savings. Discussion: This evaluation indicates that these two courses have been successfully implemented using VC. In the light of the potential savings of time and money, VC can be used to teach specialist nursing courses to rural nurses. Recommendations to improve the VC courses included orientation training for presenters and encouraging more research regarding the effectiveness of VC as a teaching modality for clinical nurses in rural areas. Conclusion: More attention should be given to developing the infrastructure and skills to make this technology available and commonly used in health services in under-resourced public health services and hospitals. Additional research is also suggested. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2010.02.012
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Perceptions of newly admitted undergraduate medical students on experiential training on community placements and working in rural areas of Uganda - Kaye, Dan K.; Mwanika, Andrew; Sekimpi, Patrick; Tugumisirize, Joshua; Sewankambo, Nelson (BMC Medical Education, 2010)
Uganda has an acute problem of inadequate human resources partly due to health professionals' unwillingness to work in a rural environment. One strategy to address this problem is to arrange health professional training in rural environments through community placements. Makerere University College of Health Sciences changed training of medical students from the traditional curriculum to a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum in 2003. This curriculum is based on the SPICES model (student-centered, problem-based, integrated, community-based and services oriented). During their first academic year, students undergo orientation on key areas of community-based education, after which they are sent in interdisciplinary teams for community placements. The objective was to assess first year students' perceptions on experiential training through community placements and factors that might influence their willingness to work in rural health facilities after completion of their training. The survey was conducted among 107 newly admitted first year students on the medical, nursing, pharmacy and medical radiography program students, using in-depth interview and open-ended self-administered questionnaires on their first day at the college, from October 28-30, 2008. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, motivation for choosing a medical career, prior exposure to rural health facilities, willingness to have part of their training in rural areas and factors that would influence the decision to work in rural areas. Over 75% completed their high school from urban areas. The majority had minimal exposure to rural health facilities, yet this is where most of them will eventually have to work. Over 75% of the newly admitted students were willing to have their training from a rural area. Perceived factors that might influence retention in rural areas include the local context of work environment, support from family and friends, availability of continuing professional training for career development and support of co-workers and the community. Many first year students at Makerere University have limited exposure to health facilities in rural areas and have concerns about eventually working there.
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Constraints for curriculum reform in Malawi: the case of secondary religious education - Matemba, Yonah Hisbon (2010)
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Assessment of Microbial Pollution of the Dental Chairs Water System (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in the City of Tripoli, Libya - Rafida, Abdulsalam. I.; Abo-Jnha, Ehae.; Tainah, Kald. (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2010)
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Teachers and Students' Academic Performance in Nigerian Secondary Schools: Implications for Planning - Akinsolu, Abiodun Olatoun (2010)
This paper examined the number of qualified teachers and its relationship to students' academic performance in public secondary schools in a sample of Local Government Areas (LGA) of Osun State. This descriptive study used a post-hoc dataset. An instrument titled “Quantity and Quality of Teachers and Students' Academic Performance” (QQTSAP) was used for the study. Twenty-one (21) public secondary schools, one in each LGA from a population of thirty-one (31) LGA in the State, were sampled. The Senior School Certificate Examination results from 2000/01 to 2004/05 were used to analyze students' academic performance and reflected some concerns in the school system. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation coefficient to test the three operational hypotheses. Findings of this study showed teachers’ qualifications, experience and teacher–student ratio were significantly related to students’ academic performance. These findings can be used to guide planners about the need for qualified teachers to facilitate effective teaching and learning in secondary schools in Nigeria.
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The knowledge economy : assessment of the readiness of South African undergraduate students for the new world of work - Ambrosi, Monica (2010)
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Forget Beowulf to Virginia Woolf: Learning to be a Writer in Papua New Guinea - Ellerman, Evelyn (2010)
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The Tisankhenji Radio Program for Young Girls in Malawi: Using Schools for Promoting Career Goals to Reduce Vulnerability to HIV Infection - Rimal, Rajiv N.; Sikka, Rachana; Kakhobwe, Triza; Suzi, Joel; Mkandawire, Glory; Limaye, Rupali J.; Brown, J. Howard; Aslan, Lisa; Kaneka, Benjamin (2010)
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African American Perspectives on Leadership in Schools: Building a Culture of Empowerment - Tate, Kevin A. (2010)
African American perspectives on leadership in schools: Building a Culture of Empowerment Foster, L., & Tillman, L. C. (2009). Lanham, Maryland: Rowan & Littlefield Education. Introduction Tillman and Foster's (2009) African American Perspectives on Leadership in Schools: Building a Culture of Empowerment is an edited volume that pulls together a wide range of historical, philosophical, pedagogical, cultural and data-driven viewpoints in a discussion of the ways schools can better educate African American students through a culture-centered, systemic approach to community-based empowerment. I think that this book may become a central source on this topic given its broad coverage and treatment of the subject matter. I read this book with fresh eyes so to speak, as this was a new paradigm for me. I also read it through my position as a White male, so it also had an affect on my own self-concept as a future counselor educator. From my perspective, this book did an effective job of balancing abstract notions of culture-centered education with practical examples of how this approach to education works. Even for someone like myself who does not focus their work on the field of educational administration, it follows a logical progression from historical context, to practical research, to theories of implementation. Although there are limitations in terms of the research included, I believe it will likely be an invaluable source for anyone who wants to understand or approach education and educational leadership from this perspective. This book is comprised of three sections and 11 chapters. The first section covers the foundations of the African American approach to empowerment through leadership in the school setting. The second section presents series of qualitative studies that highlight how this approach relates to school leadership. The third section offers ideas for how to implement this approach in a systemic fashion. Although each chapter has a unique approach to the subject matter, the book has a natural progression and there are several themes that cut across all of them, all of which addressed the means by which African American perspectives on school leadership can lead to building a culture of empowerment. I will communicate my review of this book by discussing three major themes of this volume: critical analysis and awareness, systemic involvement and leadership, and culture centered education, and will highlight specific examples of each theme. However these examples in no way cover all of the ways in which these themes appear. The examples were chosen as a way to clarify the overall foundation upon which this book is built. Additionally, I will provide a critique of these themes, discuss its limitations and offer recommendations related to this book. Critical Analysis and Awareness The foundation used by all of the authors in this book is a critical analysis of the history and current conditions that exist for African Americans in their K-12 educational experience and the leadership practices that improved these conditions. I found the historical contextualization to be a very effective way of showing that this approach is not an innovation, but rather an approach that is rooted in generations of transformative educational leadership practices in the African American community. The historical context highlighted in this book was initiated by telling the stories of two very successful African American educators–Ethel Thompson Overby and J. A. Mitchell (Chaper 1). Each of these pioneers recognized the power that education held to overcome the overt systemic oppression that was the norm for African Americans in the early 1900's. Both of them attained graduate degrees despite the systemic barriers, and imbued their practice as leaders with a belief in the inherent potential for African American students to achieve lofty academic goals. By giving this context and showing how these pioneers were successful in making meaningful changes, as well as describing how these narratives have been largely excluded from the literature on school leadership, an effective case is made to step back and critically analyze the assumptions on which leadership in K-12 schools is based. …
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Teaching Critical Thinking to Nurses in a Ugandan Hospital - Thompson, Cheryl W. (Home Health Care Management & Practice, 2010)
A partnership that was established to provide cross-cultural learning for senior-level community health nursing students from the United States also provided a learning opportunity for nurses at a pediatric neurosurgical hospital in Uganda. The faculty who accompanied the students on the study abroad to the CURE Children’s Hospital of Uganda provided an educational session on critical thinking in response to request from the hospital administrators. Learning outcomes were evidenced through informal one-on-one interactions following the sessions. Even a small contribution such as this teaching intervention in cross-cultural exchange may affirm the belief that “each drop counts” as the nurses may obtain skills that enhance their ability to contribute to saving the lives of their patients.
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Contrasting Pedagogical Styles and Their Impact on African American Students (2010)
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Instructional Strategies and Dispositions of Teachers Who Help African American Students Gain Conceptual Understanding (2010)
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Opportunities to Learn Geometry: Listening to the Voices of Three African American High School Students (2010)
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Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Promoting Community Conservation Education in a Nigerian Protected Area - Bisong, Francis E.; Andrew-Essien, Elizabeth (International Journal of Biology, 2010)
The study has explored the adoption of indigenous knowledge systems of local populations living at the margins of protected areas to promote community conservation education.It assessed the ethno-ecology and ethno-biology knowledge of valuable wild and cultivated plant species by local people inhabiting the 'support zone' of the Cross River National Park, South-Eastern Nigeria.It explored paradigms for the successful convergence of 'insiders' local knowledge with the 'outsiders' professional/ scientific knowledge as tools for promoting community based conservation education and achieving nature conservation objectives.Participatory research methodologies are adopted in eliciting information from the study communities.The results indicate a broad indigenous knowledge base of the ecology and biology of the valuable species in the region.The implications of the convergence of this knowledge with scientific information, to further community based nature conservation education are harmonized for effective conservation of natural resources.
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Researching African American Mathematics Teachers of African American Students: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations - Clark, Lawrence M.; Johnson, Whitney; Chazan, Daniel (2010)
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Methamphetamine (“tik”) Use and Its Association with Condom Use among Out-of-School Females in Cape Town, South Africa - Wechsberg, Wendee; Jones, Hendrée E.; Zule, William; Myers, Bronwyn; Browne, Felicia A.; Kaufman, Michelle R.; Luseno, Winnie K.; Flisher, Alan J.; Parry, Charles D. H. (The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2010)
Little is known about the association between methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviors among young South African women between 13 and 20 years of age.To examine the association between methamphetamine use and condom use among out-of-school South African female adolescents.Black and Coloured female adolescents were interviewed and categorized into methamphetamine user (n = 261) or non-user (n = 188) groups.Methamphetamine use was reported by 58% of the total sample. Higher methamphetamine rates were found among young Coloured females (87%) than among young Black females (11%). In a multiple logistic regression analysis that adjusted for relevant confounders and included an interaction term for race and methamphetamine use, Coloured female methamphetamine users were over six times more likely than other participants to report not using a condom the last time they had sex (OR = 6.21; 95% CI = 1.21, 31.94).Efforts are needed to reduce methamphetamine use and related sexual risk among adolescent females in Coloured communities and to prevent the spread of methamphetamine use in Black African communities.
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Factors Influencing Sex Education for In-school Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria - Nwokocha, Ezebunwa E. (IBADAN JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2010)
It is common among Nigerian parents to prevent their adolescents from receiving information abota sexuality, believing, erroneously, that ignorance would enable them maintain chastity. Often, this overlooked aspect of essential family responsibility is taken over by peers who usually give false, incomplete and misleading sexual orientation. Consequently, adolescents with poor assertive skills engage in premarital sex and face the concomitant effects, such as unplanned pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, dropping out of school, among others. This study therefore examined the factors influencing life-saving education among in-school adolescents in Ibadan, in order to understand the context of silence that pervades the sexuality information corridor. Quantitative data were collected through a multistage sampling technique, beginning with the random selection of six schools. Each of the schools was stratified into junior and senior classes, and from these strata, 800 respondents were chosen using the simple random method. In addition, 15 in-depth interviews (IDls) were conducted among a cross-section of Ibadan residents. Results indicated that the majority of respondents whose mothers were engaged in private businesses have a more negative attitude towards sexuality education than those whose mothers are either civil servants. professionals or lecturers/teachers. The parents’ level of education showed a consistent association with perception about sexuality education; those with the lowest level of education had the lowest percentage (28.6%) of positive perception towards such education, while those with the highest education represent those with the highest percentage (60%) of positive perception. Factors that affect sex education are multiple and require intervention at different levels to make it an integral part of socialization, both at home and in school.
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An evaluation of a national intervention to improve the postabortion care content of midwifery education in Nigeria - Akiode, Akinsewa; Fetters, Tamara; Daroda, Ramatu; Okeke, Bridget; Oji, Ejike (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2010)
Abstract Objective To examine the impact of a national intervention to improve the postabortion care (PAC) content of midwifery education in Nigeria. Methods A 3‐part quantitative assessment was carried out during and post‐intervention. The first baseline component developed and examined the intervention to improve teaching capacity and improve the PAC curriculum among 6 midwifery schools that were to become regional training centers. The second survey was a pre‐ and post‐assessment conducted among midwifery instructors from all schools of midwifery in the country. In the third component, 149 midwives graduating from the 6 regional midwifery schools were interviewed once 3–9 months after graduation to evaluate whether the intervention had improved their knowledge of PAC and clinical practice, and the likelihood that they would provide PAC after graduation. Results Data from 6 schools of midwifery in 2003 showed that none offered PAC or had educators trained in PAC prior to the intervention. Incorporation of PAC content and teaching capacity increased in all 6 study schools during the 3 years after a national intervention. Midwifery instructors demonstrated statistically significant improvements in knowledge of and exposure to PAC and manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) after the intervention. A follow‐up interview with 149 student midwives post graduation showed increased knowledge, exposure to, and use of MVA in the workplace. Conclusion Significant changes in graduate midwives' exposure, practice, and provision of PAC services resulted from a national intervention to improve the training environment and skills of midwifery instructors and students in the 6 schools of midwifery selected for evaluation.
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African networks needed to improve higher education - Muchie, Mammo (2010)
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Urinary tract infection among female students residing in the campus of the University of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. - Ojo, O. O.; Anibijuwon, Ibikunle (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2010)
Seven hundred and eighty (780) female students residing in the campus of the University of Ado Ekiti were examined for significant bacteria indicative of urinary tract infections. Analysis of their clean-voided, midstream urine revealed that 507 (65%) female students have significant bacteria, 146 (18.75%) indicated insignificant bacteria while 127 (16.25%) showed no growth. Fifty eight (58) bacterial isolates were obtained from samples positive for bacteria. 8 (13.8%) were sensitive to streptomycin, 7 (12.1%) to tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and ampicillin, while only 4 (6.9%) isolates were sensitive to dalacine. However, bacterial isolates obtained from this survey generally showed similar pattern of resistance to antibiotics. The fifty-eight (58) bacterial isolates were tentatively characterized into six genera. The frequencies of occurrence of the bacterial species are in the order: Escherichia coli(32.75%), Proteus sp. (17.25%), Klebsiella sp. (13.79%), Staphylococcus sp.(12.07%), Streptococcus sp. (8.63%) and Pseudomonas sp. (5.17%). However, 6 (10.34%) of the isolates were unidentified. Key words: Female student, university campus, bacteria, antibiotics, resistance.
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Exploring the Relationship between Motivation and Performance in the Ghana Education Service - Saalidong, Charles Lwanga (2010)
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Parent-Teacher Partnerships: For Enhancing Pre-School Children's Education in Uasin Gishu District, Kenya - Koech, Peter Kibet (2010)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies 188p. 2010, The LB 1139.35 .P37K6
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Clinical and ultrasonographic features of amoebic liver abscess In a nigerian teaching hospital. - Onwuchekwa, Arthur; Onwuchekwa, RC (Sahel Medical Journal, 2010)
Background: Amoebic Liver abscess is a tropical disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. This study describes its clinical and ultrasonographic features in a teaching hospital setting. Methods: Records of all patients aged 18 years and above with amoebic liver abscess admitted in the medical wards of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between May 2005 and June 2007 wereidentified from the in-patient ward register. These were retrieved from the medical records department and analysed. Data obtained included age, sex, occupation, social history, presenting features,ultrasonographic features and laboratory results. Results: Twenty two patients were seen over the period. Their age ranged from 20 to 59 years with a mean of 36.4 ± 8.6 years. There were 18 (81.8%) males and 4 (18.2%) females. The most frequent clinical features were fever (100%), hepatomegaly (100%) and jaundice (50%). Ultrasound scanshowed that 16 abscesses were solitary. Two abscesses were found on each of 4 patients, and 3 on each of 2 patients. Of the solitary abscesses, 11 were on the right lobe of the liver while 5 were on theleft lobe. Entamoeba Histolytica were absent in the stool of 17 patients with amebic liver abscess. Conclusion: The triad of fever, hepatomegaly and jaundice remains the classical presentation of amoebic liver abscess.. Response to metronidazole monotherapy was quite clinical effective.
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Sleep pattern of medical students as seen in a Nigerian university - Sanya, Emmanuel; Olarewaj, T; Adekeye, K; Aged, O (Sahel Medical Journal, 2010)
Background: Results from several studies suggest a global trend of sleep insufficiency among the youths. This study determines the sleep pattern of medical students. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we used a modified self-administered questionnaire adapted from Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to determine the sleep pattern of students in College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Responses were submitted anonymously. Results: A total of 399 students participated in the study and their age ranged from 16 - 35 years.Males constituted 64% of survey sample. The mean sleep duration of students were 6.4±0.84 hours during weekdays and 7.4±0.96 hours at weekends (p
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The development of English in Botswana: Language policy and education - Smieja, Birgit; Mathangwane, Joyce T. (2010)
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FARMERS PERCEPTION OF IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN OGBOMOSO AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA. - Ayanwuyi, Emmanuel; Kuponiyi, F. A.; Ogunlade, I.; O, Oyetoro J. (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2010)
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Modelling the effect of climate change on prevalence of malaria in western Africa - Jackson, Monica; Johansen, Laura; Furlong, Cathy; Colson, Abigail; Sellers, Kimberly F. (Statistica Neerlandica, 2010)
Malaria is a leading cause of infectious disease and death worldwide. As a common example of a vector-borne disease, malaria could be greatly affected by the influence of climate change. Climate impacts the transmission of malaria in several ways, affecting all stages of the disease's development. Using various weather-related factors that influence climate change, this study utilizes statistical analysis to determine the effect of climate change on reported malaria rates in an African region with endemic malaria. It examines the relationship between malaria prevalence and climate in western Africa using spatial regression modeling and tests for correlation. Our analysis suggests that minimal correlation exists between reported malaria rates and climate in western Africa. This analysis further contradicts the prevailing theory that climate and malaria prevalence are closely linked and negates the idea that climate change will increase malaria transmission in this region.
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The Imperatives of Physical Education in the Training of Artists in Nigeria LES IMPÉRATIFS DE L'ÉDUCATION PHYSIQUE DANS LA FORMATION DES ARTISTES AU NIGÉRIA - U, Charles Charles; Aaron, Omaye Tokula (Cross-cultural Communication, 2010)
Despite the fact that physical education plays an important role in general education, it has not been given any consideration in the training of actors in Nigeria. Consequently, most actors lack the physical fitness required to accomplish acting roles on stage and screen in Nigeria. in this regards, the study identifies and presents physical education as an indispensable academic disciplines from which acting instructors, actors trainees, and theatre practitioners can adapt, modify, and apply physical education instructions and programmes to the training of performing artists in Nigeria. In the process, the study applied the experimental and control group research methods to monitor and record the effect of the exercise regimes on actors’ trainees over the study period. The result obtained show that the application of physical education programmes, instructions and activities to the training artists would guaranteed actor’s physique and physical fitness to withstand the physical demands of acting today, so as to improved their performances on stage and screen. The paper, therefore calls on the performing artists in the academics, the management of public and private theatres in Nigeria to articulate of reform policies that will enable them confidently apply physical education requirements in the development of actors over a stretch of time. Key words: Imperatives; Physical; Education; Training; ArtistResume: Malgre le fait que l'education physique joue un role important dans l'education generale, elle n'a pas ete donnee aucune consideration dans la formation des acteurs au Nigeria. En consequence, la plupart des acteurs n'ont pas la forme physique necessaires pour accomplir de roles joues sur la scene et sur l'ecran au Nigeria. A cet egard, l'etude identifie et presente l'education physique en tant que'une discipline academique indispensable a partir de laquelle les enseignants, les stagiaires et les praticiens du theâtre peuvent adapter, modifier et appliquer les instructions et les programmes de l'education physique pour la formation des artistes au Nigeria. Dans le processus, l'etude a applique les methodes experimentales et les methodes de groupe de controle de recherches pour surveiller et enregistrer les effets de regimes des exercices sur les acteurs au cours de la periode scolaire.Le resultat obtenu montre que l'application des programmes, des instructions et des activites de l'education physique pour les artistes pourrait assurer la forme physique des acteur, a fin de repondre aux exigences physiques d'aujourd'hui, de maniere a ameliorer leurs performances sur la scene et sur l'ecran. Cet article invite donc les artistes dans les academies, la direction des theâtres publics et prives au Nigeria a articuler des politiques de reforme qui leur permettront d'appliquer des exigences de l'education physique dans le developpement des acteurs pendant une certaine periode.Mots-Cles: sexes dans les organisations arabes; organisations dans les Emirats arabes unis; praticiens de relations publiques; theorie de conflits interpersonnels
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African Church Leaders' Statement on Climate Change and Water (Ecumenical Review, 2010)
The Ecumenical ReviewVolume 62, Issue 2 p. 226-229 African Church Leaders' Statement on Climate Change and Water First published: 15 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.2010.00060_2.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume62, Issue2July 2010Pages 226-229 RelatedInformation
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The use of synchronous video-conference teaching to increase access to specialist nurse education in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Knowledge management & e-learning: an international journal, 2010)
In KwaZulu-Natal more than 50% of the population lives in the rural area but most of the health workers are based in urban centres where teaching hospitals and high incomes are common. Nursing provides the backbone of health care in the public sector. Specialist nurses such as advanced midwives or specialist HIV nurses are in short supply. Teaching via live synchronous videoconference (VC) provides an opportunity to extend specialist education to nurses at rural hospitals. Aim: The aim of the study was to review and evaluate the current use of videoconference education for nurses in KwaZulu-Natal. Methodology: A review the literature on VC education in nursing using bibliometric review strategies was conducted and two nurses’ education courses conducted via videoconferencing was evaluated against a set of criteria developed and validated by the Department of TeleHealth at the University. Results: 81 publications addressing videoconference nurse education were found, most being published after 2000. Over half were descriptive studies, but were still valuable for informing this study. Based on the evaluation of the two courses against the set of criteria, the two courses were aligned sufficiently well with the measurement criteria. Additionally, the delivery of the courses via videoconferencing allowed for the identification of potential cost savings. Discussion: This evaluation indicates that these two courses have been successfully implemented using VC. In the light of the potential savings of time and money, VC can be used to teach specialist nursing courses to rural nurses. Recommendations to improve the VC courses included orientation training for presenters and encouraging more research regarding the effectiveness of VC as a teaching modality for clinical nurses in rural areas. Conclusion: More attention should be given to developing the infrastructure and skills to make this technology available and commonly used in health services in under-resourced public health services and hospitals. Additional research is also suggested.
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Climate Change and the Church: Some Reflections from the South African Context - Conradie, Ernst M. (Ecumenical Review, 2010)
The Ecumenical ReviewVolume 62, Issue 2 p. 159-169 Climate Change and the Church: Some Reflections from the South African Context Ernst M. Conradie, Ernst M. Conradie University of the Western Cape, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author Ernst M. Conradie, Ernst M. Conradie University of the Western Cape, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.2010.00054.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume62, Issue2July 2010Pages 159-169 RelatedInformation
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Entrepreneurship education in sub‐Saharan African universities - Kabongo, Jean D.; Okpara, John O. (International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 2010)
Purpose This paper aims to investigate entrepreneurship course offerings in business administration/management curricula in sub‐Saharan higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey of online course catalogs to analyze entrepreneurship course offerings. Findings The results of the study demonstrate that most higher education institutions in the sample offer courses in entrepreneurship and/or small business management but few offer specialization in the area. Newly created institutions are more likely to offer entrepreneurship courses and specializations than traditional ones while a few operate university‐based entrepreneurship centers. The study findings are consistent with the environmental school of entrepreneurial thought. Research limitations/implications The study depended exclusively on online data. Several institutions were excluded from the sample because their web sites were unavailable. Future research should use a larger sample. Practical implications The paper will assist researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders in higher education in strengthening the discussion about enterprise and entrepreneurship education in sub‐Saharan business programmes. Originality/value This is the first study on the content of entrepreneurship courses in sub‐Saharan African Universities.
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Paleostress analysis of the volcanic margins of Yemen - Khanbari, Khaled; Huchon, Philippe (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2010)
The western part of Yemen is largely covered by Tertiary volcanics and is bounded by volcanic margins to the west (Red Sea) and the south (Gulf of Aden). The Oligo–Miocene evolution of Yemen results from the interaction between the emplacement of the Afar plume, the opening of the Red Sea, and the westward propagation of the Gulf of Aden. Structural and microtectonic analyses of fault slip data collected in the field reveal that the volcanic margins of Yemen are affected by three main extensional tectonic events. The chronological order of these events is as follows: first E–W extension was associated with the emplacement of volcanic traps of Yemen, then NE–SW extension was related to the Red Sea rifting, and finally, the volcanic margin was submitted to N160°E extension, perpendicular to the overall trend of the Gulf of Aden, which we interpret as induced by the westward propagation of the oceanic ridge of the Gulf of Aden.
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Use of low cost wireless communication technology for education in rural Kenya - Mayeku, B.; Kilwake, Juma; Bertarelli, Fabio (2010)
With the advent of mobile revolution, the emerging mobile technologies can support a broad range of learning activities on a variety of mobile devices, a concept referred to as mobile learning. The combination of wireless communication technology and mobile computing is resulting in rapid transformations of the educational world. This paper explores the use of low cost wireless technology in combination with other existing technologies to bring education to rural and pastoralist tribes in Kenya who would otherwise not have access to education.
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Perceptions of Students Towards Use of Distance Learning: The case in an Executive Masters Business Program in Ghana - Osei, Collins (Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2010)
Distance learning has become a recognized method for delivering educational content in institutions of higher education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions held by graduate students about distance learning offered by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. The survey utilized a 20 question survey with 691 respondents, who were adult learners enrolled in an Executive Masters of Business/Public Administration Program. The results of the study indicate that distance learning is most patronised by an older (>30 years) and married student population largely because it allows them to combine work and study. The data indicate that student perceptions of distance learning were positive. Respondents indicated that they are satisfied with teaching and learning by distance and also satisfied with learner support provided by the host institute.There remain concerns, however, regarding the provision of prompt feedback on assignments by facilitators, lack of enough study facilities to help students with their program and difficulty they experienced with learning materials that were not self explanatory. Addressing these concerns will improve students’ distance learning experiences and enhance students learning by distance.
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Assessing mild cognitive impairment among older African Americans - Gamaldo, Alyssa A.; Allaire, Jason C.; Sims, Regina C.; Whitfield, Keith E. (International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2010)
Abstract Objectives To examine the frequency of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in African American older adults. The study also plans to explore the specific cognitive domains of impairment as well as whether there are differences in demographics, health, and cognitive performance between MCI and normal participants. Design Cross‐sectional. Setting Independent‐living sample of urban dwelling elders in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants The sample consisted of 554 subjects ranging in age from 50 to 95 (Mean = 68.79 ± 9.60). Measurements Socio‐demographics and health were assessed. Several cognitive measures were administered to assess inductive reasoning, declarative memory, perceptual speed, working memory, executive functioning, language and global cognitive functioning. Results Approximately 22% of participants were considered MCI (i.e. 18% non‐amnestic vs . 4% amnestic). A majority of the non‐amnestic MCI participants had impairment in one cognitive domain, particularly language and executive function. Individuals classified as non‐amnestic MCI were significantly older and had more years of education than normal individuals. The MCI groups were not significantly different than cognitively normal individuals on health factors. Individuals classified as MCI performed significantly worse on global cognitive measures as well as across specific cognitive domains than cognitively normal individuals. Conclusion This study demonstrates that impairment in a non‐memory domain may be an early indicator of cognitive impairment, particularly among African Americans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Rethinking Imperialism and Resistance in West Africa: Historiographic Connections for the Classroom - Low, Michael Christopher (Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective, 2010)
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Early Childhood Care and Education for All in 2015: Is This A Mirage in Nigeria? - Oduolowu, Esther (Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective, 2010)
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Physical activity and body mass index of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria - Senbanjo, Idowu O; Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola (World Journal of Pediatrics, 2010)
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Facts, Attitudes, and Health Reasoning About HIV and AIDS: Explaining the Education Effect on Condom Use Among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa - Baker, David P.; León, Juan; Collins, John (AIDS and Behavior, 2010)
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Conceptions of mathematics teacher education : thoughts among teacher educators in Tanzania - Binde, Andrew (2010)
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The reliance on unclaimed cadavers for anatomical teaching by medical schools in Africa - Gangata, Hope; Ntaba, Phatheka; Akol, Princess; Louw, Gail (Anatomical Sciences Education, 2010)
The study of gross Anatomy through the use of cadaveric dissections in medical schools is an essential part of the comprehensive learning of human Anatomy, and unsurprisingly, 90% of the surveyed medical schools in Africa used cadaveric dissections. Donated cadavers now make up 80% of the total cadavers in North American medical schools and all the cadavers used for dissection in the United Kingdom are donated. Because the sources of cadavers used in Africa are not clearly known, a questionnaire to gather information on cadavers used at medical schools was designed from the relevant literature and was sent by electronic mail to 123 Anatomy lecturers in 23 African countries (48 medical schools). Fourteen lecturers from 14 medical schools in ten countries responded to the questionnaires. The results indicate that, in most countries, the cadavers are unclaimed bodies from the hospitals and prisons, and the bodies of dead bandits. In South Africa and Zimbabwe, the donations are mostly from the white community, and medical school in the Islamic country of Libya is importing cadavers from India. The lack of knowledge about body donation programes and firmly held cultural and religious burial traditions may explain the lack of bequests from black communities. The use of unclaimed bodies may disproportionally affect people who were homeless and poor, criminals, people with fewer social links, and social outcasts. The Anatomy lecturers felt that there should be broader national awareness programes for body donations, although the benefits of this could take decades to materialize.
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A study of the degree of Pollution in Nakivubo Channel, Kampala, Uganda - Kayima, John K.; Kyakula, Michael; Komakech, william; Echimu, Simon Peter (Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2010)
Nakivubo channel traverses highly populated Kampala slums, markets, industrial areas and a wetland.It discharges its water at Murchison bay in Lake Victoria.The degree of pollution in the channel has a direct effect on the aquatic life in the lake, the health of communities along the channel, and the cost of water treatment since its discharge point is only 2kms from the raw water intake for the city.This research investigated the degree of pollution in the channel so that appropriate purification measures may be taken either at the pollution source or in the channel before discharge to the lake.Samples were taken at four points along the channel during the wet and dry seasons.The samples were tested for pH, BOD, COD, TSS, E-Coli, EC, TN, and O-PO4.These were compared with the standards set by NEMA for waste water.It was found that there is a high degree of pollution in the channel.The wetland before the lake helps to bring down pollution levels but this should be supplemented by pretreatment before discharge into the channel.Recommendations on reduction of pollution in the channel were made.@
openalex: W2082164901 mag: 2082164901
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Thoracic empyema: Cause and Treatment Outcome at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia - Amare, Abraham Tsedalu; Ayele, Belete Achamyelew; Mekonnen, Daniel (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2010)
Background: Despite improved antimicrobial therapy and multiple options for drainage of infected pleural space, thoracic empyema (TE) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to assess the causes and treatment outcome of patients with thoracic empyema. Methods: Patients aged ≥ 13year with TE who were admitted to Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from Nov 1999 to Dec 2007 were included. Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed and demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: Records of 81 patients were analyzed; majority (82%) were below the age 50 year. The mean duration of symptoms prior to presentation and hospital stay was 97.4 and 38days, respectively. HIV/AIDS was detected in 60%. Causes of empyema were pulmonary tuberculosis (56%), pneumonia (36%) and lung abscess (7%). Closed chest tube was inserted in 86% of cases and was successful in 93% of them. Case-fatality was 12% and poor outcome occurred in 26%. Conclusions: Early identification of TE and aggressive management with antibiotics or antituberculosis, drainage with chest tube, and surgical treatment when closed tube drainage fails is recommended to improve the high mortality and morbidity.
openalex: W2412525168 mag: 2412525168
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The attitudes of isiXhosa-speaking students toward language of learning and teaching issues at Rhodes University, South Africa: General trends^1 - Aziakpono, Philomina; Bekker, Ian (Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2010)
Abstract This paper, selectively based on the results of Aziakpono (2007), examines the beliefs of isiXhosa-speaking students and in the process reveals their attitudes toward various languages of learning and teaching (LOLT) issues at Rhodes University, South Africa. The relevant data were gathered using a survey questionnaire and interviews (individual and focus group). The results reveal that respondents have a generally positive attitude toward English as LOLT, based mainly on instrumental motivations. More importantly, there was a positive attitude toward the use of isiXhosa alongside English. The expressed motivations for the use of isiXhosa in this regard were both instrumental and integrative in nature. The majority of respondents who supported a bilingual arrangement did not, however, believe that a fully-fledged bilingual policy would be practical, mainly because of the multilingual nature of Rhodes University. They felt, rather, that providing English and isiXhosa exam question papers, bilingual tutor support and isiXhosa definitions of discipline-specific technical terms would facilitate learning.
openalex: W1973458049 mag: 1973458049
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Effective pedagogical practices for teaching African American students in a K-8 urban charter school - Garrity, Patricia Ann (2010)
Thesis (M.A., Education (Multicultural Education)) – California State University, Sacramento, 2009.
openalex: W214302121 mag: 214302121
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Handbook on Leadership and Conflict Resolution in Africa: A Guide to Quality Education for Schools in Africa - Kogbara, Monday N. (2010)
openalex: W594024679 mag: 594024679
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Addressing the Gender Pay Gap in Ethiopia: How Crucial is the Quest for Education Parity? - Kolev, Alexandre; Robles, Pablo Suárez (Journal of African economies, 2010)
This paper uses the 2005 Ethiopian Labour Force Survey to analyse the gender pay gap in Ethiopia. A particular attention is drawn on the relative importance of education parity to mitigate the most pressing wage inequality, together with the role of labour market segmentation. Decompositions of the gender wage gap are performed for different points in the wage distribution, different age cohorts and different types of wage employment. Our results indicate that while differences in education contribute to a non-negligible share of the gender wage gap, about half of the education wage gap can be explained by selection across job characteristics. The sources of the wage gap tend also to vary quite substantially across age groups, types of employment and wage levels. Finally, our results suggest that some form of discriminatory practices may contribute to the wage gap both directly through the unexplained component and indirectly through job selection.
openalex: W2137716601 mag: 2137716601
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Translator education and accreditation policies in Africa: Exploring an agenda - Marais, J.H. (Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2010)
Abstract This article questions the presuppositions on which current translator education and accreditation in South Africa and Africa are based. This is done on the basis of Tymozcko's reconceptualisation of translation studies and of Robinson's theory of translation quality. It presents sets of data as case studies that support Tymozcko's suggestion that the African translation practice situation differs from the European translation practice situation. The article also offers information on African and South African policies regarding the regulation of the translation industry. This information is used to argue in favour of a revision of the presuppositions influencing translator education. It further proposes ways of working towards an ‘African’ view of translator education and accreditation. It closes by providing suggestions for translator education in Africa and South Africa.
openalex: W1987901032 mag: 1987901032
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A Comparison of Kampala Trauma Score II with the New Injury Severity Score in Mbarara University Teaching Hospital in Uganda - Mutooro, SM; Mutakooha, E; Kyamanywa, Patrick (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2010)
Background: Road traffic injury is of growing public health importance because of its significant contribution to the global disease burden. The need to predict outcome of injuries has led to the development of injury scores. The Kampala Trauma Score II (KTSII) now recommended for use in resource-poor settings, has not been compared with, the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) preferred by many authors. We compared the performance, predictive power, sensitivity, and specificity in predicting mortality at two weeks of the KTSII and NISS in patients involved in road traffic accidents seen on the surgical ward at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: This prospective study conducted between June 2005 and August 2006, examined clinical and radiological data of 173 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency surgical ward at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital with road traffic injuries. Only patients presenting within 24 hours of injury and with 3 or more injuries were recruited in the study. The KTS II and NISS scores were computed for each patient on admission. The primary outcome measure was survival. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used for comparison. Results: The KTSII predicted mortality and discharge with AUC of 0.87 (NISS, AUC 0.89). The KTSII was less accurate (AUC 0.65) than the NISS (AUC 0.83) in predicting long stay in the hospital. At cut off point of 9 and below, the KTSII had sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 81% while the NISS had 96% and 78.4% respectively in predicting mortality. The KTS II predicted long hospital stay at cut off score of 9 and below, with sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 81%. Conclusions: The KTSII is as reliable a predictive score as is the NISS. This study demonstrated that the KTS II provides reliable objective criterion upon which injured patients can be triaged in emergency care conditions. The KTS II may enhance the use of ambulance services and timely transfer of the injured and its use in trauma management should be further encouraged in resource-poor settings. In addition, the KTS II will make the documentation of the epidemiology of trauma more feasible in resource-poor settings.
openalex: W2410619602 mag: 2410619602
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(Unoffi cial) Multilingualism in desegregated schools: Learners' use of and views towards African languages - Ndlangamandla, Sibusiso Clifford (Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2010)
Abstract South Africa has a progressive Language in Education Policy (LiEP) advocating multilingualism, but the policy has been widely criticised for its lack of implementation. Notable is the hegemony of English in many schools, and in ex-Model C schools in particular. Some have argued that the choices of middle-class African parents in sending their children to English medium schools is threatening the survival of African languages and leading to language shift (De Klerk, 2000; Kamwangamalu, 2003a; 2003b). Drawing on observation and interview data from two desegregated co-educational ex-Model C high schools in Johannesburg, this paper focuses on the language practices and views towards indigenous South African languages of African learners. It captures their perspectives on the schools’ language policies as well as their views on the use of indigenous languages in the classroom and in other domains in the school. The paper shows that learners often use African languages in the school space, frequently through code-switching and code-mixing. This paper argues that claims of language shift are not appropriate, since multilingual language behaviour points to some degree of language maintenance of African languages. The use of African languages by learners enables them to insert new identities into this space and interrupt the exclusive power of English.
openalex: W2010348045 mag: 2010348045
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Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self Examination among Female Students in a Sub Saharan African University - Obaikol, Ruth; Galukande, Moses; Fualal, J (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2010)
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in many parts of Africa. Facilities for screening and early detection are extremely limited yet early diagnosis improves survival. This study explored the practice of Breast Self Examination among female university students as a means of screening and early detection in a low resources environment. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study at a Sub Saharan university. A call for volunteers to the study was made; a pretested standardised questionnaire was used for data collection. The process was limited to an interview and a physical examination. IRB approval was granted before the study began. Results: A total of 320 participants volunteered, 314 were recruited. The majority were aged between 21 and 25. The range was between 19 to 31 years. There was a high awareness of Breast self Examination (BSE) of 81.5%, 30% had ever performed a BSE, 14% performed it regularly, 8% knew the correct monthly timing, the technique was accurately demonstrated by 1% of participants. 4.8 were found to have breast lumps. Conclusion: There is a likelihood of most young women in the country practicing BSE inadequately. There is a need for widespread BSE campaigns emphasizing the correct technique and a need to evaluate BSE efficacy. The prevalence of breast lumps among young women attending this university was comparable to other community prevalence studies in this age group.
openalex: W2276471009 mag: 2276471009
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Evaluation of the Cummins theoretical framework for higher education in South Africa - Rooy, Susan Coetzee‐Van (Southern African linguistics and applied language studies (Print), 2010)
Abstract In the context of the successful bilingual education of children, the value of the theoretical framework of Jim Cummins is acknowledged by educators and researchers worldwide. This framework is also used extensively in South Africa to provide a structure for educators and researchers that are interested in the relationships between bi- and/or multilingualism and academic success in schools. Cummins consistently describes the context (types of learners, educational and political system, language landscape) within which his theoretical framework is operational and is careful not to extrapolate findings and implications to other contexts. Despite this sensitive approach to context, the framework is extended to the higher-education context in South Africa regularly. The extension of this framework beyond its original context to the higher-education context in South Africa attests to the engagement of higher-education practitioners to understand the relationship between language (specifically medium of instruction) and academic success in South Africa, as well as to the ‘face validity’ of the framework. In this article, the appropriateness of applying the Cummins theoretical framework to the highereducation context in South Africa is evaluated. Implications for the use of the framework in this context are explored.
openalex: W2082684710 mag: 2082684710
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Investigation of Noise Pollution in Restaurants in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania, East Africa - Samagwa, Dafrozah; Mkoma, Stelyus L.; Tungaraza, Clavery (Journal of Applied Science & Environmental Management (Port Harcourt), 2010)
The assessment of the present status of sound levels in seven restaurants at Morogoro municipality was studied.The indoor and outdoor ambient noise levels were measured twice a day, thrice a week for a period of two months by using digital sound level meter.In addition, questionnaires survey was used to assess sources of noise pollution in restaurants environment.The results show that the measured noise level in all studied restaurants ranged from 61dBA to 64dBA.The measured indoor noise levels were higher than outdoor in B-One, High Classic and Vyakula vya Asili restaurants and vise versa in Saddiq, Princes and Malindi dishes restaurants.The correlation coefficients between the indoors and outdoors locations in all the restaurants were either negative or less than 0.3 thus suggesting little or no impact of the indoor environment on the outdoor environment's noise level.In comparison with permissible Tanzania Bureau of Standards the measured indoor ambient noise levels in the restaurants were higher than the maximum permissible standard limit of 55dBA for mixed residential zones.As for sources of noise pollution at Morogoro municipality, the study shows that people who visit restaurants to have a meal encounter three kinds of noise pollution: the noise created by other customers, the noise from outside (the street), and the noise provided by the music systems which are run in most restaurants.Therefore, proper planning for restaurants areas and other use zones is recommended @ JASEM
openalex: W2044308054 mag: 2044308054
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Navigating complexity. A review of training for peace in Africa - Tjønneland, Elling N.; Albertyn, Chris (2010)
openalex: W2793095972 mag: 2793095972
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School Engagement, Peer Influences, and Sexual Behaviors Among High School African American Adolescent Boys - Voisin, Dexter R.; Neilands, Torsten B. (2010)
This chapter shows that African American adolescent males are disproportionately infected with HIV compared to their White counterparts. While factors like early sexual debut, sex without condoms, and a higher number of sexual partners may in part account for such disparities, the factors associated with such risk behaviors remain unclear. The literature suggests that parents are critical in keeping adolescents safe. However, there is a dearth of research on African American adolescent males in relation to family constellation and sexual risk behaviors. A self-administered survey was used to examine family characteristics, parental support, peer networks, and HIV sexual risk behaviors among 171 African American high school males. The results suggest that cultural factors may weigh more heavily than family structure, which has been traditionally viewed as the discerning factor in assessing sexual behavior.
openalex: W2477824934 mag: 2477824934
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Knowledge and perception of e-health and telemedicine among health professionals in Lautech teaching hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria - Abodunrin, Olugbemiga Lanre; Akande, Tanimowo M (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
The International Journal of Health Research is an online international
openalex: W2121129398 mag: 2121129398
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A 6-month review of medical admissions in a nigerian teaching hospital - Akoria, Obehi Aituaje; Unuigbe, EI (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
openalex: W2001789953 mag: 2001789953
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Assessing and Enhancing Visualization Skills of Engineering Students in Africa: A Comparative Study. - Ault, Holly K.; John, Samuel (Engineering Design Graphics Journal, 2010)
Visualization skills are believed to be a strong indicator of success in engineering, science, and a variety of other careers. Previous studies have compared the visualization skills of first year engineering students in the US with their cohorts in Europe and Brazil, but to date there have been no data reported for developing countries in Africa. Studies have shown that training can enhance visualization skills in a relatively short time. This paper will report on the results of a study of first year engineering students at the Polytechnic of Namibia that have been exposed to a short course to improve visualization skills.
openalex: W1485368125 mag: 1485368125
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WEST AFRICAN DRUMMING, GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, LANGUAGE, MULTICULTURALISM AND AT-RISK STUDENTS IN THE MUSIC CLASSROOM - Bassett, Dylan A. (2010)
openalex: W1486995727 mag: 1486995727
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How Might the Twi Language Act as Mediator of Learning in Primary Schools in Ghana - Kwapong, Abeena (2010)
openalex: W629198382 mag: 629198382
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A 6-month review of medical admissions in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Larte, G; Mishra, Srijit; Odonwodo, D; Chitalu, C.; Chafatelli, A (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
openalex: W2167708812 mag: 2167708812
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Vulnerability of schools to floods in Nyando River catchment, Kenya - Ochola, Samuel O.; Eitel, Bernhard; Olago, Daniel (Disasters (Print), 2010)
This paper assesses the vulnerability of schools to floods in the Nyando River catchment (3,600 km 2 ) in western Kenya and identifies measures needed to reduce this vulnerability. It surveys 130 schools in the lower reaches, where flooding is a recurrent phenomenon. Of the primary schools assessed, 40% were vulnerable, 48% were marginally vulnerable and 12% were not vulnerable. Of the secondary schools, 8% were vulnerable, 73% were marginally vulnerable and 19% were not vulnerable. Vulnerability to floods is due to a lack of funds, poor building standards, local topography, soil types and inadequate drainage. The Constituencies Development Fund (CDF), established in 2003, provides financial support to cover school construction and reconstruction costs; CDF Committees are expected to adopt school building standards. In an effort to promote safe and resilient construction and retrofitting to withstand floods, this paper presents vulnerability reduction strategies and recommendations for incorporating minimum standards in the on‐going Primary School Infrastructure Programme Design.
openalex: W2049803317 mag: 2049803317
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Body mass index and blood pressure pattern of students in a Nigerian university - Oghagbon, Kenneth E; Odili, Valentine U; Nwangwa, Eze Kingsley; Pender, Kevin E (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
The International Journal of Health Research is an online international journal allowing free unlimited access to abstract and full-text of published articles.The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
openalex: W2138425194 mag: 2138425194
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Sexual practices and knowledge about Hiv/aids among Nigerian secondary school students - Ola, Thomas O.; Oludare, B (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
openalex: W2030686475 mag: 2030686475
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GENDER AND RURAL–URBAN DIFFERENCES IN THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA - Omigbodun, Olayinka; Adediran, Kofoworola I.; Akinyemi, Joshua O.; Omigbodun, Akinyinka; Adedokun, Babatunde; Esan, Oluyomi (Journal of Biosocial Science, 2010)
Summary This study assessed gender and rural/urban differences in height and weight, and the prevalence of stunting, underweight and overweight of school-going adolescents in south-west Nigeria, using 2007 WHO reference values for comparison. The influence of sexual maturity and the socio-demographic correlates of growth performance were also examined. In this cross-sectional study, 924 male (51.4%) and 875 female (48.6%) students (1799 in total) aged 10–19 years from eighteen schools in Ibadan (five rural, nine urban public and four urban private) were interviewed and examined. Although males were significantly taller than females ( p <0.05), stunting was more pronounced for males, who were 7.5 cm shorter than the 2007 WHO reference, compared with females who were 3.5 cm shorter. Body mass index (BMI) for girls was also greater than for boys ( p <0.05). Rural adolescents had lower heights and BMIs compared with those in urban areas. The mean height of male adolescents in rural schools fell below 2 SDs of the 2007 WHO reference between 14 and 17 years, while heights of males and females in private schools were similar to the median 2007 WHO standard. Low height-for-age was observed in 282 adolescents (15.7%), which, after multivariate analysis, was significantly associated with school type, gender, number of mother's children and puberty onset. Adolescents in rural schools were much more likely to be stunted than those in urban private schools (AOR 13.1; 95% CI 5.2–33.2) and males were three times more likely to be stunted compared with females (AOR 3.3; 95% CI 2.4–1.4). Low BMI-for-age was observed in 240 adolescents (18.9%), with correlates similar to stunting. Adolescents at the pre-puberty stage were twice as likely to have low BMI-for-age (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6–2.5) than those with signs of puberty. There were 2.3% overweight adolescents, who were significantly more likely to be female, in private school and post-pubertal. Innovative interventions for Nigerian adolescents, especially rural inhabitants and males, are needed to reduce the prevalence of stunting and underweight.
openalex: W2084024411 mag: 2084024411
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Determinants of hemoglobin level in adolescence students at Gaza strip, Palestine - Sirdah, Mahmoud (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
The International Journal of Health Research is an online international journal allowing free unlimited access to abstract and full-text of published articles.The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
openalex: W1983107635 mag: 1983107635
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Potential climate change impacts on South African aquifers - Yapa, P.D.; Dissanayake, Awantha; Ishihara, Kiyotsugu (2010)
openalex: W2969743687 mag: 2969743687
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A Critique of the Blueprint on Education for the Gifted and Talented Persons in Nigeria - Adelodun, G. A. (International journal of educational sciences (Delhi) (Print), 2010)
Every social organization such as the school is an embodiment of human beings who interact with one another in one way or the other and having specified roles to perform in line with their assigned duties.However, there is need for effective personnel management so as to avert conflicts and equally manage conflicts when they inevitably occur.This paper examined the management of personnel in the Nigerian school system.The implementation of every policy and programme in the school system requires the contribution of the efforts of members of staff at various levels, but this cannot be achieved unless there is unity of purpose and proper coordination of activities of all the staff by the school head.The success of any organization is not only determined by the quality of personnel available, but how well these human resources are harnessed and coordinated towards realizing the goal of the organization.Among the problems that militate against effective personnel management in the Nigerian school system were disagreement on policy matters, disparity in salary structure, dictation from the political class and violent trade unionism.To this end, there is need for greater competence on the part of the management staff to enhance success.
openalex: W4245966614
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Livelihood trends in Response to Climate Change in Forest Fringe Communities of the Offin Basin in Ghana - Amisah, S.; Gyampoh, A. B.; Sarfo‐Mensah, Paul; Quagrainie, Kwamena K. (Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2010)
The livelihoods of forest fringe communities in Ghana depend, largely, on the renewable natural resources that they can find in the forests and any activities that impacts on the integrity of the forest disrupt the livelihood of the dependent communities.Forest fragmentation continues to take place in Ghana, mainly in response to a growing demand to feed an ever increasing population and for timber exploitation for export.One of the forest fringe communities in Ghana where the rural livelihoods of the people have been compromised due to deforestation and climate change is the Offin basin.The removal of forests impacts on local climate, water availability, and livelihoods due to influence of forests on precipitation and water balance.Fluxes in the quantity and frequency of rainfall contribute to decreasing food production and water availability.This study examines forest loss, precipitation and ambient temperature patterns in the forest fringe communities in the Offin river basin over the past four and a half decades and assesses current impacts and trends on rural livelihoods and coping strategies by the communities.The forests provide the communities with fuel-wood, fish and game, medicinal plants, food sources, and recreation.Between 2000 and 2005 deforestation rate in the basin was 2%.Mean annual precipitation decreased by 22.2% between 1960 and 2000 in response to a 1.3 o C rise in ambient temperature over the same period.Considerable changes in the frequency of rainfall and its unpredictability impacted negatively on the livelihood of the fringe communities who are predominantly cocoa and subsistence crop farmers.The livelihood resources of the community are severely constrained leading to reduction in food security and economic losses.In response to deforestation and associated climatic changes, several coping strategies for sustenance of livelihoods have been adopted by the forest fringe communities.@ JASEM
openalex: W1994586963 mag: 1994586963
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Climate change, total factor productivity, and the Tanzanian economy : a compatible general equilibrium analysis - Bezabih, Mintewab; Chambwera, Muyeye; Stage, Jesper (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
This paper analyzes the economic impacts of climate change-induced adjustments on the performance of the Tanzanian economy, using a countrywide CGE (computable general equilibrium) model. The general equilibrium framework enables comparison of the effects of climate change to the overall growth of the economy because responsiveness to shocks is likely to depend on the macroeconomic structure of the economy. Effect of overall climate change on agricultural productivity is projected to be relatively limited until approximately 2030 and become worse thereafter. Our simulation results indicate that, despite the projected reduction in agricultural productivity, the negative impacts can potentially be quite limited. This is because the time scales involved and the low starting point of the economy leave ample time for factor substitutability (i.e., replacing reduced land productivity with increased use of capital and labor) and increased overall productivity. This indicates that policies that give farmers opportunity to invest in autonomous climate adaptation, as well as policies that improve the overall performance of the economy, can be as important for reducing the impacts of climate change in the economy as direct government policies for climate adaptation. The study results can inform policymakers when choosing between direct climate-change adaptation policies or measures aimed at strengthening the fundamentals of the economy, as ways of insulating against external shocks.
openalex: W1760505351 mag: 1760505351
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Respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment in underground gold miners in Ghana - Bio, Fred Yaw; Sadhra, Steven; Jackson, Craig; Burge, P. S. (Ghana Medical Journal, 2010)
This is the first study in Ghana in the Obuasi gold mines where the silica content of the respirable dust is 10%, less than in previously studied gold mines, with only 23% of the miners having ever smoked.The study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory impairment in the Ghanaian gold miner and to quantify the effects of the respirable dust on pulmonary functionA cross sectional epidemiological studyThe study was carried out using MRC respiratory symptoms questionnaire, spirometry, and personal respirable dust measurements.A total of 1236 miners were studied. The mean age was 39.7 +/-5.8 (SD) years with a mean of 12.6 +/- 6.7 (SD) years underground service and a mean total cumulative exposure to dust of 10.34 +/-5.61 (SD) mg.m(-3).years. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 21.2% and not clearly related to cumulative exposure. MRC breathlessness grade>/=2 was 31.3%, significantly related to cumulative respirable dust exposure after adjustment of age and smoking. There was however significant reduction in FEF(25-75%) with increasing dust exposure and an interaction with ever smoking. There was no correlation between cumulative exposure to respirable dust and FEV(1) % predicted in any group, suggesting that exposure to respirable silica at a mean level of 0.06 mg/m(3) had no deleterious effect on FEV(1) in a population with little tuberculosis, good housing and a low level of cigarette smoking.The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the Ghanaian gold mine is related more to smoking than any occupational factors.
openalex: W2136271867 mag: 2136271867
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LibGuides: South African Legal Research: Articles/Book Chapters about Clinical Law or Clinical Legal Education in South Africa - Davis, Jean (2010)
openalex: W1001475749 mag: 1001475749
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Where to for Sexual Health Education for Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa? - Jewkes, Rachel (PLoS medicine, 2010)
Sub-Saharan Africa remains the global hub of the HIV epidemic. Seventy percent of new HIV infections occur in the region. And because the sexually transmitted epidemic starts among women and men in their teenage years [1], promoting the sexual health of adolescents is a substantial health priority. In light of this, the findings of the MEMA kwa Vijana trial in Tanzania [2] and the long-term follow up of participants in its school-based intervention, published this week in PLoS Medicine [3], are very disappointing. The key questions we have to ask now are: In light of current knowledge about behaviour change, are these findings surprising? And, what are the implications for the next generation of sexual health interventions? In the 15 years since the process of developing the MEMA kwa Vijana intervention began, understanding of adolescent behaviour change has deepened (not least from this study) to the point where it seems less than surprising that this intervention was unsuccessful. At the time of its design, a major concern was that good behaviour change intentions would be undermined by poor services from clinics and untreated sexually transmitted infections. However, it now seems that the biggest threat to such interventions comes from the context of delivery in the school environment and the constraints thus entailed. Social science research from the MEMA kwa Vijana team now indicates that the school-based intervention was being implemented in a context of massive gender and status power differentials between teachers and learners, which provided the opportunity for rape, harassment, economic exploitation, and beating of learners, thus severely undermining positive messages from the programme [4]. Broader community engagement with the programme was very limited and, because it was delivered in schools, it had to be tailored to the constraints of the classroom. As a result, the curriculum was delivered in 12 lessons per year of 40 minutes each, for a maximum of 3 years [3]. In practice, for many this was probably much less than 8 hours of intervention, and was at most 24 hours for the two-thirds of learners who attended all lessons over all 3 years [3]. This intervention was thus low intensity, particularly if compared, for example, to the 50 hours of an intervention like Stepping Stones (the author adapted Stepping Stones for South Africa) [5] or the 5-day Men As Partners program [6]. Furthermore, the Department of Education in Tanzania prohibited condom promotion and demonstrations in school and demanded a focus on abstinence, a strategy that has been shown to be ineffective [7]. Teachers had only short training in delivering the intervention, and since they were unfamiliar with participatory methods, it was very substantially didactic [8]. There were also some notable omissions in the curriculum. It lacked a focus on skills building, particularly communication skills, which are recognised now as essential for good practice [8],[9]. It was also notably limited in addressing gender relations and identities.
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Hiv/aids – related knowledge and sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Benin city - Ojieabu, Winifred A; Erah, Patrick O; Okafor, Nwamuru A (International Journal of Health Research, 2010)
Purpose:The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst African youths has been a major problem in recent times, particularly in Nigeria where over 5% of the population is at risk of the disease.We undertook to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge and sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Benin City.Methods: In a cross-sectional study using a 59-item selfadministered questionnaire, a survey was carried out among 1917 students (48.7% male and 51.3% female; age: 11-24 years) systematically selected from 13 secondary schools in Benin City to assess HIV/AID related knowledge and sexual behaviour.Results: Awareness of HIV/AIDS was high.Misconceptions about the cause and spread was very high (91.4% and 93.1% of respondents, respectively).The knowledge on prevention was poor as only 40.4% of the respondents knew how to avoid contacting HIV/AIDS.While 9.1% of the students indicated ever having sex (with 67.4% of them using condom before sex), only 2.4% engaged in commercial sex.Some of the males (4.2%) are homosexuals.As many as 5.8% of the youths (and 12.4% of those who had done HIV test in the preceding 12 months) were HIV positive.Conclusion: Despite the various educational efforts to address the problems of HIV/AIDS, the knowledge of secondary school students in Benin City is still poor and the adolescents still engage in risky behavours.This calls for educational intervention that will impact in-depth knowledge about HIV/ AIDS among the youths who are at the center of HIV/AIDS pandemic.
openalex: W2112482072 mag: 2112482072
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DOES ATTENDANCE AT A HISTORICALLY WHITE UNIVERSITY BENEFIT NON-WHITE STUDENTS OF INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS IN SOUTH AFRICA? - Parker, Kudayja (South African Journal of Economics, 2010)
The Equality of Educational Opportunity survey (aka the Coleman Report), published in 1966 in the USA, is arguably the fountainhead of the debate promulgated within the economics of education and allied disciplines concerning the efficacy of schooling. The debate was largely due to the primary conclusion of the Coleman Report that school inputs (other than student demographics) explain little, if any, of the variance in student performance, with the implication that more money was not the solution to educational problems. While the methodology and the conclusions of the Coleman Report have been criticised in the 40 years since its publication, the fundamental question of the magnitude and extent of the consequences of educational inequalities has relevance to the South African situation. Utilising a cross-sectional data set drawn from three universities, and the theoretical framework of an education production function, this paper addresses the issue of whether, over a decade after the first democratic elections in South Africa, black, Indian and coloured students studying Introductory Microeconomics, have benefited academically from attending historically advantaged (i.e. white) universities (HAU) relative to their counterparts who are attending historically disadvantaged universities (HDU).
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Language policy, multilingual education, and power in Rwanda - Samuelson, Beth Lewis; Freedman, Sarah Warshauer (Language Policy, 2010)
The evolution of Rwanda’s language policies since 1996 has played and continues to play a critical role in social reconstruction following war and genocide. Rwanda’s new English language policy aims to drop French and install English as the only language of instruction. The policy-makers frame the change as a major factor in the success of social and education reforms aimed at promoting reconciliation and peace and increasing Rwanda’s participation in global economic development. However, in Rwanda, the language one speaks is construed as an indicator of group affiliations and identity. Furthermore, Rwanda has the potential to develop a multilingual educational policy that employs its national language, Kinyarwanda (Ikinyarwanda, Rwanda), to promote mass literacy and a literate, multilingual populace. Rwanda’s situation can serve as a case study for the ongoing roles that language policy plays in the politics of power.
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A review of trabeculectomies at a Nigerian teaching Hospital - Adegbehingbe, BO; Majemgbasan, T O (Ghana Medical Journal, 2010)
Background: Trabeculectomy is the commonest surgical procedure for glaucoma.The outcome of trabeculectomy in the treatment of all types of glaucoma over a 4-year period in a Nigerian population was reviewed.Objective: To determine the surgical rate and effectiveness of trabeculectomy in lowering of intra ocular pressure (IOP) and preservation of visual acuity.Methods: Retrospective review of all trabeculectomies (TEs) done at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife between January 1999 and December 2002.The outcome of trabeculectomy was correlated with the biomicroscopic appearance of the filtering bleb, visual acuity and IOP levels.Descriptive statistics were applied to the data.Results: Of the 647 glaucoma patients only fifty-three (8.2%), 34 males and 19 females, had trabeculectomy done during the study period.Seventy-two consecutive eyes of these 53 Nigerian patients were operated upon.Majority, 63 (87.5%) were in the primary glaucoma group of which 46 (63.9%) were open angle glaucoma type.Nine eyes (12.5%) belonged to the secondary glaucoma group (neovascular, uveitic and traumatic angle recession).Successful control of intra-ocular pressure with medical therapy was recorded only in 13.9% of the patients.The mean pre-operative and first post-operative day IOP were 32.5+/-6.2mmHgand 10.6+/-2.3mmHgrespectively.Mean post-op IOP at 3 months and one year were 14.6+/-4.2mmHg,and 13.5+/-5.8mmHgrespectively.One year after surgery 34 eyes (61.8%) had intraocular pressure (IOP) of 20mm Hg or less without glaucoma medication.Hyphema 11 (15.3%) was the commonest post-operative complication documented.Conclusions: Surgical intervention in the management of glaucoma, especially trabeculectomy is not commonly done in this Teaching Hospital.IOP control with medication alone is not adequate in the long term.A significant proportion of the eyes (61.8%) had complete success in IOP control following trabeculectomy.
openalex: W2102361548 mag: 2102361548
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Air Pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. - Agbaire, PO; Esiefarienrhe, E (Journal of Applied Science & Environmental Management (Port Harcourt), 2010)
The study examined the air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of six plant species around Otorogun gas plant in Ughelli-South Local Government Area of Delta State.Four physiological and biochemical parameters, which are leaf relative water content (RWC), Ascorbic acid content (AA), total leaf chlorophyll (TCh) and leaf extract pH were used to compute the APTI values.The result showed order of tolerance as Emilia Samtifolia (1.49%)> Manihot esculenta (2.19%)> Elaesis guineensis (2.41%)> Impereta cylindrical (25.56%)>Eupatorium Odoratum (35.17%)>Psidium guayava (45.11%).@ JASEM
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School language profiles: valorizing linguistic resources in heteroglossic situations in South Africa - Busch, Brigitta (Language and Education, 2010)
Although South Africa is committed to a policy of linguistic diversity, the language-in-education policy is still plagued by the racialization of language issues under apartheid and, more recently, by new challenges posed by internal African migration. Drawing on the experience of a school in the Western Cape Province, this paper explores the role of language profiles in a speaker-centered approach to school language policy. Attention is paid to the ways in which the attribution of learners to clear-cut linguistic categories – in this case English and Afrikaans – and their ‘monolingualization’ within the process of literacy learning are at odds with both their everyday experiences of language and their linguistic aspirations. Using biographic and topological multimodal approaches with 13- to 15-year-old students at the school, it makes a contribution to the growing corpus of research that foregrounds the learner perspective and emphasizes emotional dimensions of literacy and language learning.
openalex: W2050473656 mag: 2050473656
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Home and school literacy practices in Africa: listening to inner voices - Ngwaru, Jacob Marriote; Opoku-Amankwa, Kwasi (Language and Education, 2010)
The voices of the main stakeholders in literacy and schooling – pupils and parents – have seldom been given adequate space in studies of school and classroom discourse in sub-Saharan Africa. The present paper attempts to redress this imbalance by presenting the voices of pupils from a multilingual urban primary school in Ghana and of parents from a rural bilingual school in Zimbabwe. The Ghanaian study highlights challenges associated with using an unfamiliar language, English, as the medium of instruction, selective teacher treatment in the classroom that leaves some children lacking confidence to participate and the strong influence of the home environment and other socio-economic conditions. The Zimbabwean study highlights what happens when parents are allowed a voice in their children's education. It is argued that pupil and parent perspectives can validate the findings of existing research, deepen our understanding of classroom interaction and, in some cases, challenge conventional wisdom.
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Singleton preterm births in Korle bu teaching hospital, Accra, Ghana – origins and outcomes - Nkyekyer, Kobinah; Enweronu‐Laryea, Christabel; Boafor, Theodore (Ghana Medical Journal, 2010)
To determine the singleton preterm birth rate, the relative proportions of the clinical categories of preterm births and to compare the outcomes in these categories.Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.Preterm births from 1(st) July to 31(st) December 2003.Out of a total of 4731 singleton births 440 were preterm, giving a preterm birth rate of 9.3%. One hundred and eighty-five (42%, [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 37.4%, 46.8%]) preterm births followed spontaneous onset of preterm labour (group A), 82 (18.6%, [95% CI 15.2%, 22.7%]) followed preterm premature rupture of membranes, PPROM (group B) and 173 (39.3%, [95% CI 34.8%, 44.1%]) were medically indicated (group C). The commonest indication for delivery in group C was severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Although there was no significant difference in the mean gestational ages at delivery between the groups, babies in group C had significantly lower birth weights. No differences in sex ratios, still-birth rates, or incidence of low Apgar scores were found. Babies in group C were significantly more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and had a significantly higher perinatal death rate. Survivors of NICU admission among group C babies spent significantly longer periods in hospital before discharge.Outcomes of preterm births in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital are less favourable among indicated preterm births than among spontaneous or PPROM-related preterm births. A detailed study of the causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality is suggested to determine any differences between the three groups.
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Multilingualism in African schools: constraints and possibilities - Rassool, Naz; Edwards, Viv (Language and Education, 2010)
Language plays a vital role in personal, community, social and economic development. It represents a primary means through which people build their stocks of knowledge, awarenesses, capabilities an...
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When ‘Prof’ speaks, who listens? The African elite and the use of African languages for education and development in African communities - Trudell, Barbara (Language and Education, 2010)
The role of African languages in formal and nonformal learning is the subject of increasing local, national and international interests. Cognitive and pedagogical reasons abound for using the language best understood by the learner. However, many nonpedagogical factors related to politics, economics, language attitudes and colonial history are also extremely influential as decisions are made regarding language of instruction. Among the various stakeholders in this issue of language choice for education, an important interest group is the African elite. Members of the elite are able to access resources, marshal arguments that promote their values and ultimately influence the formulation and implementation of policy in ways that the average local community member cannot do. This paper examines the influence of international, national and local contexts upon the perspectives of the African elite where language and education are concerned. It argues that organized, intentional action by concerned members of the African elite can have significant impact on language-and-education choices.
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Nasal colonization of symptomatic pneumonia patients in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria by multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Akortha; Ikenebomeh, M.J. (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2010)
A study of the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from the nasal cavities of patients with pneumonia attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria was conducted. The survey revealed S. aureus to be the most predominant cause of Staphylococcal pneumonia with an occurrence rate of 38.5%. Other microorganisms encountered includedStaphylococcus epididermis , Streptococcus viridans and Brahamella catarrhalis . Patients in age group 1 - 5 years had the highest incidence rate of 60 and 53.8% in males and females, respectively, while patients within ages 11 - 30 years had the least incidence. There was no significant difference between the rate of occurrence of staphylococcal preumonia in males and females at p > 0.05. High resistance levels was recorded towards tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (95%), erythromycin (85%) and ampicillin (80%) while moderate resistance levels was recorded towards saprfloxacin (60%), ciprofloxacin (45%), gentamycin (40%) and ofloxacin (20%). The observation in the study, calls for need for effective surveillance of antibiotic resistance. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, nasal cavities, pneumonia
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Teachers’ views about technical education: implications for reforms towards a broad based technology curriculum in Malawi - Chikasanda, Vanwyk Khobidi Mbubzi; Otrel-Cass, Kathrin; Jones, Alister (International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 2010)
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Impact of a Training Package for Community Birth Attendants in Madagascar - Lucey, Olivia; Andriatsihosena, Mamy; Ellis, Matthew (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2010)
This brief report assesses the impact of community birth attendant training and explores barriers to safe delivery in rural Madagascar. We assessed the knowledge of 25 community birth attendants using interviewer-administered questionnaires and explored attitudes to delivery in 4 focus groups of 10 women of reproductive age and 1 focus group of 10 birth attendants. We found a mismatch between hygiene knowledge and reported practice. Clinical experience appears to reinforce training to achieve longer lasting change in practitioner knowledge (e.g. of labour complications). Focus groups helped to identify practical barriers to clean (delivery kits) and safe delivery (cost) despite this knowledge. We proposed that a facilitated women’s group programme may complement such training.
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Development of a Crop Model to examine Crop Management and Climate Change in West Africa - Dodds, Paul E. (2010)
Frequent droughts and sub-optimal crop management have been identified as the principal constraints on agricultural intensification in the Sahel. A new model, the Crop Model for Sahelian Adaptation Studies (CROMSAS), was developed to examine the influence of climatic variability, climate change and crop management strategies on millet yields. To improve the simulation of environmental stresses, several original features were implemented including a new leaf expansion methodology, semi-independent tillers, stress-dependent partitioning and intercropping. CROMSAS was designed in a structured, accessible way to facilitate the use of the model by other researchers who want to examine climate change impacts in Africa. The influences of rainfall and crop management decisions over the period 1950-2009 were assessed for six locations in Senegal with average rainfall from 200 mm to 1200 mm. Poor rainfall severely restricted yields in the north of the country in most years while having little impact in the more humid south. In the highly-populated groundnut basin, rainfall variability reduced the effectiveness and hence the profitability of fertiliser application. Current planting densities were found to lie within the optimal range but higher grain yields could have been produced, at lower risk of crop failure, by delaying planting by 2-3 weeks. Projections from three GCMs for the period 2000-2100 were converted to daily weather data using a novel methodology and used to examine the impact of climate change on millet cultivation across Senegal. Grain yields were projected to be relatively unchanged for the SRES A2 and B1 scenarios, with losses due to drought and higher vapour pressure deficits being balanced by CO2 fertilisation. The benefits of adapting crop management strategies according to the conditions in previous years were assessed. Using a fixed long-term strategy produced higher long-term yields and profits, at lower risk of crop failure, than frequently changing strategies.
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The London handicap scale: validation of a Yoruba (Nigerian) version among stroke survivors - Hamzat, Talhatu Kolapo; Peters, Gillian (African Journal of Neurological Sciences, 2010)
ObjectifÉtablir la validité de la version Yoruba de l'échelle d'handicap de Londres (LHS).Le LHS est une mesure valide et fiable de participation qui a été validée dans différentes cultures. MéthodesUne étude de validation a été menée sur 20 patients au décours d'un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) durant leur programme de rééducation en ambulatoire.Les participants ont été recrutés par la technique d'échantillonnage, entre février et mai 2008.La version anglaise du LHS a été traduite en Yoruba, langue utilisée dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria et d'autres régions de l'Afrique de l'ouest.Les versions anglaise et Yoruba du LHS ont été complétées par les participants sur un intervalle de deux semaines entre les gestionnaires des deux échelles.La version du LHS Yoruba a été évaluée en utilisant la Spearman's rank order correlation avec la version anglaise.Résultats La corrélation des deux échelles a été sensiblement établie (rho = 0,55 ; p=0.002) exceptée dans 2 domaines. ConclusionLe LHS en langue Yoruba est une traduction valide du LHS anglais et peut être utilisé pour l'étude des survivants post-AVC qui comprennent la langue Yoruba.
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Teachers' Interactions During Storybook Reading: A Rural African Perspective - Higham, Sonja; Tönsing, Kerstin Monika; Alant, Erna (Early Education and Development, 2010)
Research Findings: Teaching thinking skills is an important goal of formal primary and secondary education. Storybook reading is a well-established routine in the first few school years. Thinking skills can easily be fostered during these potentially language-rich interactions, making storybook reading a powerful tool for preparing young children for formal schooling. The aim of this research pilot project was to describe how 5 rural South African Grade R teachers interacted with their class during storybook reading. Teachers were videotaped during 3 consecutive story-reading sessions. Their utterances were transcribed and coded according to type and according to the cognitive level at which they fell. Results indicated that teachers used mainly utterances falling at a cognitively lower level and that they favored the use of requesting in their interactions. Although teachers used an interactive reading style and engaged children, their use of storybook reading as a strategy to foster higher level thinking was limited. Practice or Policy: These results are interpreted against a background of African cultural norms for adult–child interactions, taking into account that culture is ever changing. Implications for teacher training and further research are given.
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The evaluation of the Conductive Education program and the Cognitive Stimulation program in a home for children with developmental disabilities in a rural area of South Africa. - Mathot, A.F. (2010)
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Towards Standardization of Sampling Methodology for Evaluation of Soil Pollution in Nigeria - Olusola, OI; Aisha, OK (Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2010)
This article proposes the procedure that may be adopted for comparable, representative and cost effective, soil sampling, and thereafter explores the policy issues regarding standardization of sampling activities and analytical process as it relates to soil pollution in Nigeria.Standardized sampling and analytical data for soil pollution will be required for comparative analysis, extrapolation of results to other areas and development of threshold values for risk assessment and soil quality evaluation.For the purpose of initiating the process of standardization of soil sampling, the paper considers the specification for designing, planning and sampling polluted sites and development of methodological aspects such as sampling scale, sample density, sampling coordinate, sampling depths, composite samples, sample pretreatment, quality control etc.The various aspects of soil sampling, which require harmonization, that is a prerequisite for the establishment of National guideline for soil pollution are also enumerated.@JASEM
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Education Matching in Egyptian Colleges and the Gale-Shapley Algorithm: Theoretical Comparison with Policy Perspectives - Selim, Tarek H.; Gamal, Sherif M. (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Central to the success of education policy in emerging and developing nations is the study of the economic and distributional efficiency of student placement in higher-education colleges and universities. We study student placement in Egyptian colleges under the current demand/supply placement mechanism implemented in Egypt (𝜖-mechanism) and compare to the Gale-Shapley algorithm from an economic efficiency point of view. The efficiency criterion is modeled on three grounds: (1) Pareto efficiency, (2) fair matching, and (3) strategy proofness. We show that the 𝜖-mechanism is neither Pareto efficient nor strategy proof and, moreover, it cannot be improved to accommodate Pareto efficiency and strategy proofness simultaneously. The paper concludes that it is economically more efficient to adopt the Gale-Shapley algorithm in students’ placement for Egyptian colleges. However, this conclusion is contingent on rational choice and complete information on minimum acceptable scores. This conclusion can be extended to other nations with similar socio-economic characteristics, especially African and other developing countries, who adopt higher education subsidies as part of their national economic policy.
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Practice of Instructional Design Processes Among Technical Instruction Teachers in Gaza Strip - Ayad; Fuad, Intan Nor Firdaus Muhammad (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2010)
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Working Paper 110 - Education and Employment in Malawi - Castel, Vincent; Phiri, Martha; Stampini, Marco (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
This paper analyzes the relationship betweeneducation and employment in Malawi, usingdata from the 2004-05 Integrated HouseholdSurvey (IHS-2). For both men and women,education is the passport to formalemployment and leads to higher hourlyearnings. Within regular wage employment,secondary education is associated with a123 percent wage premium, and universityeducation with a 234 percent wage premium(relative to illiteracy). In both rural and urbanareas, income is positively correlated withspecialization in regular wage employment.For example, in urban areas 60 percent of thehouseholds who derive at least 75 percent oftheir income from regular wage employmentbelong to the highest quartile of the incomedistribution. This reflects the relative scarcityof human capital. Among prime age males(25 to 39 years old), only 10 percent havecompleted secondary education. For womenin the same age group, the situation is evenworse, with the rate of completion ofsecondary schooling as low as 3 percent.The analysis of school enrolment highlightsthat teenage women experience high dropoutrates, which prevent greater femaleenrollment in higher education, and thereforeconstrain future participation in the bestforms of employment.
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English Immersion in Ethiopia: An Explorative Survey of Bilingual Education Typology - Meharie, Adeda (2010)
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Effects of Future Climate Change on Cross‐Border Migration in North Africa and India (Population and Development Review, 2010)
Population and Development ReviewVolume 36, Issue 2 p. 408-412 Effects of Future Climate Change on Cross-Border Migration in North Africa and India First published: 16 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00338.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume36, Issue2June 2010Pages 408-412 RelatedInformation
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Citizenship Education and Social Development in Zambia - Abdi, Ali A.; Shizha, Edward; Ellis, Lee M. (2010)
1 Citizenship Education and Social Development in Zambia: 2 Education and Development in Zambia: Historical Analyses 3 Democratizing Education in Zambia: Educational Policies and Provision since the 1990s 4 Zambia and the Intersections of Underdevelopment: Global Agencies and the Role of the Print Media for Citizenship Development 5 Educating for Political Development: The Case of Women in Zambia 6 Youth Participation in the Socioeconomic and Political Society in Zambia 7 Political Literacy in Zambia 8 Languages for Literacy and Political Development in Zambia Conclusion References.
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Student teachers' attitudes towards and willingness to teach evolution in a changing South African environment - Abrie, Amelia L. (Journal of biological education, 2010)
This article investigates the attitudes of South African student teachers towards the theory of evolution and their willingness to teach it. The teaching of evolution has been excluded from the South African school curriculum for most of the 20th century. In 2008, Grade 12 learners were for the first time exposed to the concept of evolution in the Life Sciences curriculum. The participants in this study completed school prior to 2008 and thus have to interpret this curriculum with no or very little training in this topic. A questionnaire consisting of Likert-style and open-ended questions was administered to student teachers who intend to become secondary school biology teachers. A large percentage of the participants were found to reject the theory of evolution. In addition, the majority indicated that they are religious. Those who were more observant were more likely than their less observant counterparts to find evolution incompatible with their belief system and to renounce the theory of evolution. Although 70% of the participants felt that they were adequately prepared to teach evolution, the data shows that these student teachers have a poor understanding of evolution theory and that they harbour many misconceptions. In fact, less than half of the students support the teaching of evolution in South African schools. The article concludes with a number of recommendations.
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Comparison of waste management practices of urban and rural basic school students in Ho and Adaklu-Anyigbe district in Ghana - Addu, Michael Augustine (2010)
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Teaching Science and Technology: The Employment of Indigenous African Languages - Ademowo, Adeyemi Johnson (The Journal of Pan-African Studies, 2010)
Abstract OurpreoccupationinthispaperishowAfricanlanguagescouldbeusedeffectivelywithdominantEuropeanlanguagesintheAfricanpolitysuchasEnglishinachievingtheseeminglyherculeantaskofAfricantechno-scientificdevelopment.First,weexaminedvariousresearchesconductedineducation,communicationandpsychologyontheroleofindigenouslanguagesinknowledgeacquisition,inenhancingcognitiveunderstandingandinremovingpedagogicalbarriersinlearning.Next,weevaluatedtheprecariousstateofindigenouslanguagesinAfricanstates’ educational language policies. Last, we suggest how best to achieve an AfricanLanguagesScientificManualusingwhatwecalledthePragmaticApproximatingProcess. Keyword :Indigenouslanguages,Science,Technology,Development,Bilingualism,Africa. Introduction ThestateofdevelopmentinAfricatodayissuchthatthereishardlyanyAfricanwhodoesnotcraveforabetterAfrica:anAfricathatwillbefreeofthe'thirdworld'genre;anAfricathatwillnotbedumpinggroundforsub-standardgoodsandwhosecitizenswillnotbeguineapigsfortestingnewscientificproductsandaboveall;anAfricawheretherewillnotbedearthofallthatmakehumanstrulyhuman.AlotoffactorsareadduciblefortheprecariousconditionoflivinginAfrica.
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TRAINING PROGRAM FOR HYPERTENSION TRAINING IN UGANDA: PP.20.269 - Ahmad, Mohd Miqdad Aswad; Holt, Paula; Baluch, S.; McCormick, Jennifer Higgins; Patel, Roma; Bruliknski, P (Journal of Hypertension, 2010)
Objective: To establish a new training program for hypertension training in Uganda. Design and Methods: A search was carried out on pubmed and google scholar to find national hypertension guidelines and surveys of hypertension in Uganda. The WHO database was also searched for statistical data on Uganda. Results: Uganda has a total population of 29,899,000. There are a total of 2,209 Physicians at a density of one per 10,000 people.Hypertension is an emerging problem especially in urban areas. A non-random survey (including patients admitted in hospital) by Lasky et al of 440 subjects above the age of 35 found that 40 % of non-diabetic males and 43 % of non-diabetic males were found to have hypertension. One of the the commonest causes of suboptimal hypertension control in resistant hypertension patients is an inadequate medical regime which is something a robust guideline should be able to help with. One of the major issues identified in hypertension studies is that physicians do not increase anti-hypertensive regimes when the systolic blood pressure is only modestly elevated. Better levels of control in hypertension may be achieved by better adherence of physicians to guidlelines and by creating specialist hypertension clinics. Uganda also suffers from severe shortages of anti-hypertensive drugs in the Public sector with only about 20% of the healh care centres in the public sector having median availability of selected generic medications although this rises to 80% in the private sector. Conclusions: On November 20–22 2000 the first International Conference on hypertension, stroke and preventive Cardiology was held in Kampala, Uganda. The Uganda hypertension league was formed on this occasion which is a branch of the ISH. Apparently guidelines were developed in the meeting for the treatment of hypertension at the meeting but regrettably none are published. A new training program for hypertension training based on a standard guideline is required.
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Analysis of Science Process Skills in West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Physics Practical Examinations in Nigeria - Akinbobola, Akinyemi Olufunminiyi; Afolabi, Folashade (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
2 Abstract: This study analyzed the science process skills in West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria for the periods of 10 years (1998-2007). Ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. The 5 prominent science process skills identified out of the 15 used in the study are manipulating (17.20%), calculating (14.20%), recording (13.60%), observing (12.00%) and communicating (11.40%). The results also showed high percentage rate of basic (lower order) science process skills (62.80%) as compared to the integrated (higher order) science process skills (37.20%). The results also indicated that the number of basic process skills is significantly higher than the integrated process skills in the West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria. It is recommended that the examination bodies in Nigeria should include more integrated science process skills into the senior secondary school physics practical examinations so as to enable the students to be proned to creativity, problem solving, reflective thinking, originality and invention which are vital ingredients for science and technological development of any nation.
openalex: W2136681296 mag: 2136681296
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Academic performance of school children with behavioural disorders in Uyo, Nigeria. - Akpan, Mkpouto Udeme; Nc, Ojinnaka; Ekanem, Ekpenyong E. (PubMed, 2010)
Behavioural disorders can have a negative influence on the academic performance of school children. There are no similiar published is no known studies in Nigeria.To compare the academic performance of primary school children with behavioural disorders with that of their controls.A total of 132 primary school pupils aged 6-12 years with behavioural disorders using Rutter scale for teachers (Scale B(2)) and their matched-controls were selected. Their academic performance was assessed and compared using the overall scores achieved in the first and second term examinations in the 2005/2006 academic sessions, as well as the scores in individual subjects. Number of days absent from school was documented.While 26.5% and 12.9% pupils with behavioural disorders had high and poor academic performance respectively, 38.6% and 9.1% pupils without such disorders had high and poor performances respectively. The difference in the ooverall academic performance was statistically significant (p=0.04). The mean scores of the pupils with behavioural disorders on four core subjects compared well with those of the controls. Pupils with antisocial behaviour underachieved more than others. School absence rate had no significant influence on their performance.Behavioural disorders are associated with poor academic performance in school children in Uyo.
openalex: W1588812830 mag: 1588812830
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A review of earthquake occurrences and observations in Nigeria - Akpan, Ofonime; Yakubu, Tahir A. (Earthquake Science, 2010)
Although Nigeria is not located within the major seismic zones of the world; over the years, several minor earthquakes have been experienced in some parts of the country. The first widely reported occurrence of an Earth tremor in Nigeria was in 1933. Other events were reported in 1939, 1964, 1984, 1990, 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2006. The intensities of these events ranged from III to VI based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. Of these events, only the 1984, 1990, 1994 and 2000 events were instrumentally recorded. They had body wave magnitudes ranging from 4.3 to 4.5, local magnitudes between 3.7 and 4.2, and surface wave magnitudes of 3.7 to 3.9. When these events occurred, there were no functional seismological observatories in Nigeria. However, that has now changed with the establishment of a seismographic network managed by the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG), Toro, Nigeria. Presently, the network has four operational stations equipped with 24-bit 4-channel recorders and broadband 30-second seismometers. Efforts are being made to establish more stations and migrate to real-time collection of seismic data using the general packet radio service (GPRS) technology as well as automatic location of events. Remote sensing, geological and geophysical studies have revealed the presence of a NNE-SSW trending Ifewara-Zungeru fault zone which has been shown to be linked with the Atlantic fracture system. The dynamics of the Atlantic fracture zones have been suggested to be responsible for the seismic activities experienced in the areas.
openalex: W2006483342 mag: 2006483342
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E-education in Nigeria: Students' state of readiness for e learning at the University of Lagos - Alabi; Olanike, Adefunke (2010)
This study investigated the Nigerian undergraduate students' readiness for e-learning. Two hypotheses were evolved to give direction to this study. Data were collected with the use of questionnaire and observation methods. Random sampling technique was used to draw five faculties out of nine in the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Lagos is chosen being the centre of excellence in Nigeria and the commercial capital of the nation. 1,450 undergraduate students were randomly drawn to constitute the sample size. Data obtained were statistically treated using descriptive statistics and population t-test. The study showed that students are ready for e-learning, and have the right learning attitude. The study also revealed that about half of the students have laptop as one of the personal technologies for e learning. Based on this finding, a case was made for active collaboration locally and internationally to develop and implement e-learning initiatives in Nigerian higher institutions for regular and distance learning students.
openalex: W1677883011 mag: 1677883011
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Landmarks in peacekeeping training in West Africa and the role of the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre - Aning, Emmanuel Kwesi (2010)
This paper analyses the increasing incidents in Africa of establishing ‘Centres of Excellence’ to train peacekeepers in contemporary peace support operations. It situates the analyses within the context of the cognitive processes and experiential gains made at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) in Ghana since its inception in 2004. Though the time span may be limited, the paper argues that in terms of the reach, depth and empirical utility of the courses provided at the KAIPTC, and the training evaluation developed, this centre is making decisive and positive contributions to improving interoperability among African peacekeepers. The paper discusses the aims and objectives of the centre and situates this progress made within the context of the oversight and governance structures that have been established. It examines in detail two of the core courses taught at the centre, namely the Civic Military Cooperation (CIMIC) and Negotiation courses, to provide an overview of the content and depth of its curriculum. Furthermore, it posits that the training standards that have been developed and its external liaison with agencies have contributed to the centre’s leading position in peacekeeping training in West Africa.
openalex: W2188535605 mag: 2188535605
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Towards Inclusion: Influences of Culture and Internationalisation on Personhood, Educational Access, Policy and Provision for Students with Autism in Ghana - Anthony, Jane (2010)
This research explores the ways in which local knowledge, attitudes and beliefs surrounding disability influence the socially constructed experience of autism in Ghana. It further explores the impact of these beliefs on educational access, policy and provision as well as on inclusion in wider society for both children with autism and their families. It is argued throughout that conceptualisations of both autism and disability are subtly, and at times unconsciously, shaped by cultural influences as well as individual experiences. Using semi-structured interviews, participatory methods and text analysis, this thesis first examines internationally accepted diagnostic criteria for cultural relevancy and concludes that while 'autism'does indeed transcend cultural barriers, its presentation is nonetheless culturally bound. The presentation of each of autism's 'triad of impairments' is explored in Ghana, namely communication and socialisation impairments alongside a restricted range of interests and repetitive behaviour patterns. Significantly, the experience of autism demonstrated in this thesis, at both a personal and familial level, is linked to, and negotiated through, cultural belief systems. A relatively shared 'worldview', understood as the culturally mediated lens through which autism and impairment are understood and managed in Ghanaian society, is outlined. Traditional values, a deep sense of spirituality and communal kinship responsibilities are highlighted. Next, an exploration of causal attributions, valued and de-valued personhood traits and the expected role of an adult in society each highlights significant influences on the perception and management of autism in Ghana. Throughout, this thesis focuses on the impact of autism, as constructed and understood in urban Ghana, on the individual, one's kin and broader society. The second half of this thesis focuses on educational access, policy and provision with particular attention to Ghana's burgeoning inclusive education efforts. Conceptualisations of disability and difference, as negotiated through Ghanaian culture, norms and history are explored alongside the implications of these beliefs in designing educational provision for students with autism as well as the socio-political pressures to adhere to large scale international movements such as Education for All (EFA). In particular, tensions between local and international conceptualisations of 'disability' and 'inclusion' are highlighted and it is concluded that adoption of international declarations into local policy, and subsequently into local practice, needs to be better negotiated alongside culturally relevant systems and beliefs. International declarations, rooted in a social model of disability, are found to clash with local conceptualisations of disability rooted in an often intuitive understanding of disability consistent with an individual model. However, consistency with an individual model did not equate to biomedical understandings of disability, which was instead mediated through a lens of socialrelational causation and management more consistent with religious or cultural models of disability. It is concluded that acknowledging and respecting Ghanaian understandings of disability is a prerequisite to ensuring inclusion of children with autism, both in education and their community. Adoption of laudable rights based international declarations must also ensure adaptation to local culture and context. Conclusions and recommendations for synergy between advocacy for, and education of, students with autism in Ghana are proffered.
openalex: W2161444741 mag: 2161444741
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Availability and Use of Audiovisual and Electronic Resources by Distance Learning Students in Nigerian Universities: a Case Study of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Ibadan Study Centre - Aramide, Kolawole Akinjide; Bolarinwa, Omolara (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction The challenge of providing educational opportunities for mature students and other people who are place-bound brought about the concept of distance education. Moore (2000) describes distance education as a system that promotes the self-teaching-learning process with potentially greater geographic coverage than traditional face-to-face education. Distance education can also be seen as the delivery of instructions to learners who do not have immediate interactions with teachers. Instructor and students are separated by time, location, or both (Umoru-Onuka, 2002). This form of education demands the use of print, audiovisual, and electronic resources for effective delivery. Audiovisual and electronic resources have the potential for enhancing student learning. The role of these resources in teaching and learning is one of the most important and widely-discussed issues in contemporary education policy. The importance and use of electronic resources in distance education has long been realized in Nigeria. The Federal Government plan of action for a decade of distance education in Nigeria (2001- 2010) recognized that distance education can provide or improve access to education to large numbers of people who missed the opportunity earlier in life or whose present circumstances would not permit them to use the formal school system. The inability of the Nigerian higher education system to accommodate all those seeking university admission gave birth to open and distance learning education, which started with Rapid Results college, Wesley Hall, and Benneth College as correspondence institutions in the 1950s and 1960s (Fagbamiye, 2000). The re-establishment of Open University in 2003 was a sequel to the Open University established in 1983 by former president Shehu Shagari in order to bring education closer to the people. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is an umbrella university to coordinate and determine standards in distance education. The extent of use of audiovisual and electronic resources by NOUN students is not known. This study investigates the application and use of audiovisual and electronic resources at NOUN. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of this study are to: * identify the range of audiovisual and electronic resources available for distance education at NOUN. * determine the frequency of use of audiovisual and electronic resources by students of NOUN. * Ascertain the competence of students in the use of audiovisual and electronic resources. * identify the major inhibitors to audiovisual and electronic resources use by students of NOUN. Research Questions * What types of audiovisual and electronic resources are available at NOUN? * What is the frequency of use of audiovisual and electronic resources by NOUN students? * What is the level of competence of NOUN students in the use of audiovisual and electronic resources? * What problems inhibit the NOUN students' use of audiovisual and electronic resources? Hypothesis H 1: Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness will positively influence audiovisual and electronic resource use. Scope of the Study This study focuses on the audiovisual and electronic resources available for distance education at the Ibadan study centre of the NOUN. The study is limited to Undergraduate students at the Ibadan study centre of NOUN who are in the 200 and 300 level of study. It is assumed that this category of student would have adequate knowledge of resources available for use. Literature Review Rogers (2004) emphasized the physical separation of teachers and learners and the use educational technology that distinguishes distance education from traditional instruction, teach-yourself programs, and independent computer-assisted instruction. Distance education use a combination of media. …
openalex: W2114805169 mag: 2114805169
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Equity on National School Achievement Tests: A Multicultural Perspective in Kenya - Arap-Maritim, Ezra K. (Psychological Reports, 2010)
The study examined the differences in performance on the national Kiswahili achievement tests administered in 2005, 2006, and 2007 among three cohorts of primary school children from two different linguistic backgrounds in Kenya. The analysis showed the test favored children from Kiswahili-speaking communities; those whose mother tongue had no linguistic relation with Kiswahili scored lower. Results are discussed in terms of language effects on performance and cognition.
openalex: W2117603665 mag: 2117603665
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A Study of the Language Learner Strategies Adopted by Nigerian Students - Ariyo, Kayode (Pakistan journal of social sciences, 2010)
openalex: W2016759789 mag: 2016759789
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Development of Storm Hydrographs for Three Rivers within Drainage Network in Kwara State, Nigeria using Snyder's Method - Ayanshola, AM; Salami, Adebayo Wahab; Olofintoye, Oluwatosin; Sholagberu, Abdulkadir Taofeeq (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
This paper presents the development of unit and storm hydrographs for Rivers Moro, Asa and Oyun catchmem. Snyder's method was used to develop the unit hydrographs; while the SCS Curve Number method was used to estimate excess rainfall values from rainfall depth of different return periods. The design storm hydrographs corresponding to the excess rainfall values were determined based on the unit hydrograph ordinates established through convolution. The design storm hydrograph obtained for Moro River catchment based on 5-yr, 20-yr, 50-yr, 100-y rand 200-yr return period ranged between 245.29m 3 /s and 685.84m 3 /s. Thai of Asa River catchment varied from 301.34m 3 /s to 846.46m 3 /s and the design storm hydrograph flows obtained for Oyun River catchment varied The design storm hydrograph flows obtained] can be recommended for sizing hydraulic structures within Kwara State drainage network.
openalex: W1936223396 mag: 1936223396
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Reconstruction of lake-level and climate changes in Lake Qarun, Egypt, during the last 7000years - Baioumy, Hassan; Kayanne, Hajime; Tada, Ryuji (Journal of Great Lakes research, 2010)
Sediment cores from Lake Qarun provide a record of mid-late Holocene climatic changes in Northern and Eastern Africa as well as environmental changes due to the activities of ancient Egyptians. We used sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses of the cores to investigate long-term variations in lake level due to changing hydrologic inputs. An age model based on three paired 14C and paleomagnetic measurements suggests that the base of the sediment cores is as old as ∼ 5000 B.C.E. Geochemical analyses indicated that lake sediments were derived from Nile floods with an admixture of Saharan sand. Laminated endogenic carbonate-rich clayey silt lithofacies with benthic diatoms are indicative of relatively low lake levels, saline waters and dry conditions; massive lithofacies with planktonic diatom species are indicative of relatively high lake levels, fresh waters and humid conditions. Faintly laminated clayey silt lithofacies suggest intermediate conditions. Variations in lithology as well as diatom composition suggest that the lake level has varied from relatively high levels in its early history to lower levels in later years although there have been numerous cycles in water level over the past 7000 years. A combination of climate changes in the source area of the Nile River as a result of monsoon dynamics; climatic changes in the setting area of the Lake Qarun; and human activities through the dynasties in Egypt produced these variations in lake level.
openalex: W2086891276 mag: 2086891276
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Perception of the Internet as an Enabler of Scholarship among Postgraduate Students of the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria - Bamigboye, Olusola Bamidele; Ojo, Reuben Abiodun (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction There has been a tremendous growth in the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web for finding and sharing information. The Internet originated from government and academia and spread to business and industry (Shelley, 2002). University scholarship includ teaching, learning, and research, which are built around information production, translation, and transmission. The Internet can be an enabler of scholarship, facilitating acquisition, creation, and ready access to digital content. The University of Ibadan (UI) community has increasingly invested in digital infrastructure, including Computing, Information, and Communication Technology (CICT) and human and other support infrastructure, as well as training. CICT has penetrated various aspects of the UI academic enterprise including research, teaching and learning, and administrative support services. The institution climbing is a ladder of CICT-enabled change, ultimately making the Internet readily accessible to staff and students for scholarly activities. It is imperative that the institution continue to exploit the potential of advances in Internet and WWW technologies, with best practices in support services. The perception of the Internet as an enabler of scholarship by members of the academic community has a bearing on the extent to which the technology is maximally exploited for the advancement of scholarship. Given that the quality of postgraduate programme contributes immensely to the quality of scholarship in an institution such as the UI, it is of paramount importance to encourage full participation of postgraduate students in harnessing Internet and WWW as an enabler of scholarship. This study sets out to answer the question, what is the perception of the Internet as an enabler of scholarship among the postgraduate students of the University of Ibadan? Related sub-questions are: from the students' viewpoint, the extent to which the availability of Internet enhances learning and teaching, whether the use of the Internet can enhance research, and whether there is any significant relationship between the use of the Internet and student performance. Literature Review The Internet is a powerful and efficient tool for searching, retrieving, and disseminating information, with a significant impact on nearly all professions. The Internet can be consulted and like a reference resource, but it is broader and more dynamic. It also provides a means of scholarly communication. The Internet offers an immense repository of information, but knowledge cannot be applied meaningfully unless students are guided in accordance with Rogoff's apprenticeship in thinking (cited in Brunning, Schraw, Norby & Ronning, 2004). Information literacy is highly desirable in this knowledge economy and should be taught in every discipline. It is imperative that students acquire 21st century skills, including being able to find information that is relevant and reliable (Lim, 2004). Callison (2002) describes computers as the latest in a long line of innovations that have changed the way humans interact with the world and with each other. Moreover, those with technological skill are now making many decisions about education. There are now many sources of online education or elearning, including many degree programs and free tutorials. This has made it possible for more people to access educational opportunities and training (Imhonopi & Urim, 2004). Library automation improved access to information and web-based library systems have made another improvement (Morris, 2004). Communication is also much better and faster because of email, chat, and so on (Imhonopi & Urim, 2004). The Internet has provided a new kind of marketplace to sell products and services. Internet news groups provide access to valuable information from resources located all over the world (Minkel, 2004). The major rationale for school Internet access is the support it provides in teaching a current and relevant curriculum. …
openalex: W2115400657 mag: 2115400657
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Community participation in education: A case study of the Boards of Trustees' experience in the Fayoum governorate in Egypt - Baradei, Laila El; Amin, Khaled Zakaria (Africa Education Review, 2010)
Abstract The current study investigates the case of community participation in the Egyptian education with special focus on Fayoum governorate - province - and its experience in developing Boards of Trustees (BOTs) in public schools. Through a field survey with boards of trustees' members, their perception of the BOTs efficiency, effectiveness and problems is analyzed with reference to the theoretical literature and other international experiences. Main findings point to the fact that the Fayoum model is in conformance with the ongoing paradigm in education calling for increasing shared responsibility for provision. Although respondents were generally optimistic about the potential opportunities for BOTs improving the quality of the educational process, yet their evaluation of the real level of their current effectiveness, was not similarly so. Evidently, more needs to be done to transform the experience of the establishment and operationalization of the BOTs, from being merely a form of pseudo participation, into being more genuine.
openalex: W1988285986 mag: 1988285986
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The expectations of parent members of school governing bodies regarding teacher workload in South African schools - Beckmann, Johan; Minnaar, Lorinda (Africa Education Review, 2010)
Abstract The South African Schools Act, No. 84 of 1996 (SASA), provides parents with opportunities to serve on the governing bodies of public schools. In this context, members of school governing bodies may hold unique sets of expectations, which may influence the type of education to which a school community aspires. This article reports on an investigation into middle-class, public primary school governing body expectations of teacher workloads from a South African labour law perspective (Minnaar, 2008). The expectations of parent members of school governing bodies were examined to determine whether they were aligned with or diverged from the law. The findings provided evidence that although governing body expectations of teachers were aligned with prevailing education labour law, the open-ended nature of such law, together with omissions and silences, allows legal space for individual and contextual interpretation and implementation and may consequently intensify the workloads of teachers.
openalex: W2094105180 mag: 2094105180
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E-learning in engineering education: a theoretical and empirical study of the Algerian higher education institution - Benchicou, Soraya; Aichouni, Mohamed; Nehari, Driss (European Journal of Engineering Education, 2010)
Technology-mediated education or e-learning is growing globally both in scale and delivery capacity due to the large diffusion of the ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICT) in general and the web technologies in particular. This statement has not yet been fully supported by research, especially in developing countries such as Algeria. The purpose of this paper was to identify directions for addressing the needs of academics in higher education institutions in Algeria in order to adopt the e-learning approach as a strategy to improve quality of education. The paper will report results of an empirical study that measures the readiness of the Algerian higher education institutions towards the implementation of ICT in the educational process and the attitudes of faculty members towards the application of the e-learning approach in engineering education. Three main objectives were targeted, namely: (a) to provide an initial evaluation of faculty members’ attitudes and perceptions towards web-based education; (b) reporting on their perceived requirements for implementing e-learning in university courses; (c) providing an initial input for a collaborative process of developing an institutional strategy for e-learning. Statistical analysis of the survey results indicates that the Algerian higher education institution, which adopted the Licence – Master and Doctorate educational system, is facing a big challenge to take advantage of emerging technological innovations and the advent of e-learning to further develop its teaching programmes and to enhance the quality of education in engineering fields. The successful implementation of this modern approach is shown to depend largely on a set of critical success factors that would include: The extent to which the institution will adopt a formal and official e-learning strategy. The extent to which faculty members will adhere and adopt this strategy and develop ownership of the various measures in the context of their teaching and research responsibilities. The extent to which the university will offer adequate support in terms of training, software platform administration, online resource development and impact monitoring and assessment.
openalex: W2085910258 mag: 2085910258
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Breaking up the hanging wall of a rift‐border fault: The 2009 Karonga earthquakes, Malawi - Biggs, Juliet; Nissen, Edwin; Craig, T. J.; Jackson, James; Robinson, David P. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2010)
The southern East African Rift has an unusually large seismogenic thickness (35–40 km), which is responsible for wide tilted basins and extremely long faults with the potential for M7‐8 normal‐faulting earthquakes. From 6–19 December 2009, a shallow earthquake sequence (four of M w > 5.5) hit the Karonga region of northern Lake Malawi. The location is 50 km west of the rift‐bounding Livingstone Fault, within the hanging‐wall. We used seismology and InSAR to obtain source parameters and combined this with information on rift structure from geomorphology and seismic profiles. The deformation is consistent with rupture of a shallow, west‐dipping fault, with no evidence for the involvement of magmatic fluids. Although the Livingstone Fault dominates local geomorphology, the Karonga earthquakes demonstrate that the hanging‐wall block is actively breaking up, reflecting temporal and spatial migration of activity or the release of stresses within it.
openalex: W2134330218 mag: 2134330218
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Transforming higher education in South Africa : finding new direction : editorial - Bloch, Graeme (Discourse, 2010)
All the articles in this edition of Discourse celebrate the joy and power of thinking, the exuberance of new ideas, the crucial need for bold and innovative intellectual challenge. All the writers below have the ability to connect on matters of both theoretical and more directly lived experience, causing us to think anew and in different ways.
openalex: W1560581856 mag: 1560581856
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Delivering service indicators in education and health in Africa : a proposal - Bold, Tessa; Gauthier, Bernard; Svensson, Jakob; Wane, Waly (2010)
The Delivering Service Indicators seek to provide a set of indices for benchmarking service delivery performance in education and health in Africa in order to track progress in and across countries over time. It seeks to enhance effective and active monitoring of service delivery systems and to become an instrument of public accountability and good governance in Africa. The main perspective adopted by the Delivering Service Indicators index is one of citizens accessing services and facing potential shortcomings in those services available to them. The index is thus presented as a Service Delivery Report Card on education and health. However, unlike traditional citizen report cards, it assembles objective information from micro level surveys of service delivery units.
openalex: W3125052944 mag: 3125052944
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Indigenous knowledge as culturally-centred education in South Africa - Botha, Louis Royce (Africa Education Review, 2010)
Abstract Despite recognition in various educational and related policies, the knowledge and worldviews of indigenous people of South Africa continue to play a marginal role in the country's education (Breidlid, 2003, 2004). While acknowledging the importance of formal western education in providing the skills needed for negotiating a variety of roles in life, this article questions its alienating effect on the majority of the country's black population. It contends that Curriculum 2005 (C2005), South Africa's dominating western education system, ignores and even negates important aspects of the learning processes of its traditionally-based communities. The article highlights the contradictions between the local and spiritual nature of indigenous knowledges, on the one hand, and the global and material tendencies of modern western knowledge production, on the other, calling for a dual-mode model of schooling for indigenous communities. In doing so it rejects ‘universal’ approaches to education as insufficiently situated in the worldviews and day to day activities of indigenous people and draws from Molefi Asante's ideas of Afrocentricity and Michael Cole's (1996) arguments for a cultural psychology to suggest culture-centred learning as an alternative.
openalex: W2027293029 mag: 2027293029
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Inclusion of primary school children with hearing impairments in Zimbabwe - Charema, John (Africa Education Review, 2010)
Abstract The focus of this study was to explore the opinions, knowledge and requirements of regular primary school teachers who taught in schools where children with hearing impairments were included. A questionnaire which covered the four aspects, was used to collect data on a sample of 104 regular school teachers. Results indicate that teachers who taught these children had more knowledge about hearing impairment than those who did not. The majority of teachers expressed a positive attitude towards inclusion and there was no difference in the opinions of teachers concerning inclusion. On seeking teachers' views on their requirements when helping children with hearing impairments, seminars and short courses, full-time in-service training, sign language and equipment were the four major factors suggested. The implementation of the results was discussed in relation to the INSET requirements of teachers and the education of the children with hearing impairments in included settings.
openalex: W2045221155 mag: 2045221155
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Human Rights and Public Basic Education In Ghana; The Case of the Rural Child in Akuapem South Municipality - Charway, Nil Bashiru (2010)
ii Dedication iv Acknowledgements . V List of Figures/Maps X List of Tables xi List of Abbreviations xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Statement of Research Problem ........ J 1.3. Hypothesis 6 1.4. Objectives 6 1.5. Theoretical Framework 6 1.6. Literature Review 8 1.7. Data Collection 21 1.8. Explanation of Concepts 23 1.9. Organisation of the study 25 1.10. Limitation 1.11. Significance of the Study 26 CHAPTER TWO: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE CHILD’S RIGHT TO EDUCATION 2.0. Introduction 31 2.1. International Legal Framework 32 2.1.1. The UN Charter 32 2.1.2. The International Bill of Human Rights 37 2.1.3. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 38 2.1.4. The International Covenants 40 2.1.5. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 40 2.1.6. The Convention on the Rights of the Child 44 2.1.7. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 48 2.1.8. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 50 2.2. Domestic/Metropolitan Legal Framework 54 2.2.1. The Constitution of Ghana 1992 54 2.2.2. The Children’s Act 1998 58 2.2.3. The Education Act 2008 61 2.3. Conclusion 65 CHAPTER THREE: PROFILE OF AKUAPEM SOUTH MUNICIPALITY AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMES TO PROMOTE THE RURAL CHILD’S RIGHT TO EDUCATION. 3.0. Introduction 68 3.1. Profile of Akuapem South Municipality 68 3.1.1. Legal Basis 68 3.1.2. Location and Size 69 3.1.3. Relief and Drainage 69
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Lobola: The Perceptions of Great Zimbabwe University Students - Chireshe, Excellent; Chireshe, Regis (The Journal of Pan-African Studies, 2010)
Introduction Roora/Lobola is a significant element of marriage among the Shona of Zimbabwe (Ansell, 2001). It is a custom that has stood the taste of time. concept of Roora/Lobola is translated into English as bridewealth or brideprice. Because the authors are not comfortable with the translation which seems to suggest the purchase of wives, thus being value-laden, terms Lobola and Roora will be used interchangeably to refer to the phenomenon. However, citations employing the term bridewealth or brideprice will be encountered in this work reflecting the perceptions of cited authorities, not those of the author of this article. According to Posselt (1926) cited in Zvobgo (1996) Lobola is a custom in which the husband (or his family on his behalf) delivers or promises to deliver to the father (or guardian) of the wife, stock or other property, in consideration of which the legal custody of the born of the marriage is vested in their father (or his family) to the exclusion of any member of the mother's family. Lobola involves some payment by the husband or his family to the family of his wife. Lobola is negotiated by the heads of the two families or their representatives in the presence of a messenger (Bourdillon, 1998). Traditionally, cattle were transferred from the groom's family to that of the bride upon marriage, but now bride wealth is usually paid in cash (Bourdillon, 1998). Despite the changes people remain deeply attached to the institution of Lobola. According to Chirawu (2006), the concept of Lobola as it originally existed was noble but now the focus has shifted. Everjoice Win, a Zimbabwean gender activist quoted by Chirawu (2006), asserts that Lobola does not benefit women. It benefits the men in her family in the sense that it is these who charge and receive the Lobola and often use it as they wish. Lobola places the husband's control over his wife's sexuality. In a similar vein, Kambarami (2006) says that Lobola gives a man all rights whilst the woman is stripped of all freedom and rights. She goes on to say the woman is even further reduced to the level of acquired property especially in cases where Lobola was set at a high price. She concludes by arguing that Lobola, as part of the patriarchal nature of the Shona society, breeds inequality and widens the gap between men and women, thereby placing women in a subordinate position. Kambarami (2006) thus sees Lobola as an instrument of patriarchy that perpetuates the subordination of women. Father Prestage denounced Lobola as The purchase of a wife by a man for the purpose of begetting children (Bhebe, 1973, 45). Seen in this light, Lobola dehumanizes women and relegates them to the status of commodities. above sentiments connote a negative perception of Lobola. However, this negative depiction of Lobola is paralleled by a positive one as epitomised by some views. Bourdillon (1998), perceiving the custom of Lobola as just and responsible, describes it as a stabilising factor, a significant gift and an acknowledgment of a priceless debt which the bridegroom's family group owes to the bride's family group. Apart from this Lobola has many secondary effects such as legitimizing the and conferring marriage status to women. Lobola may be understood as a guarantee of good faith on the part of both families (Thorpe, 1991). above sentiments suggest that it is socially beneficial. Lobola has conflicting influences on the lives of women, especially with regards to domestic violence (Armstrong, 1998). In a study conducted by Armstrong across Zimbabwe men held two views on wife battering and Lobola. On one hand some men reported that it was more acceptable to beat a woman for whom they have paid Lobola. On the other hand others indicated that they were more likely to beat a woman for whom they had not paid Lobola, because they could get away with it. Seen from these perspectives, Lobola is both a promoter of domestic violence against women as well as a safeguard against the practice. …
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Overrepresentation of African American Males in Exclusionary Discipline: The Role of School-Based Mental Health Professionals in Dismantling the School to Prison Pipeline - Darensbourg, Alicia; Perez, Erica (Journal of African American Males in Education, 2010)
African American males are at increased risk for experiencing disciplinary practices that exclude them from the school environment. It is believed that African American males’ overrepresentation in the receipt of these practices contributes to their involvement in the criminal justice system as they approach adolescence and enter adulthood. The connection of exclusionary discipline with incarceration rates is termed the School to Prison Pipeline. Although some scholars have identified school-wide initiatives as having potential in curtailing African American males’ overrepresentation in these punitive discipline practices, less discussion has focused on the role of school-based mental health professionals to address this issue. School-based mental health professionals possess a unique set of skills that may assist schools in decreasing African American males’ exposure to exclusionary discipline practices and consequently reducing their risk for adverse outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide school-based mental health professionals with specific recommendations for reducing this negative educational experience.
openalex: W2151005149 mag: 2151005149
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ALBINISM IN BOTSWANA: Albinism in Botswana junior secondary schools – a double case study - Dart, Gareth; Nkanotsang, Tiroyaone; Chizwe, Ose; Kowa, Lily (British Journal of Special Education, 2010)
Pupils with albinism potentially face a number of challenges in accessing quality education in schools in Botswana. Physical issues such as poor eyesight related to the condition and the problems of sensitive skin in such a dry and warm climate are both contributing factors to making learning problematic for some pupils. This study by Gareth Dart of the University of Worcester, Tiroyaone Nkanotsang from a junior secondary school in Botswana, Ose Chizwe from the Government of Botswana and Lily Kowa from a junior secondary school in Botswana, considers the educational experience of two particular pupils with albinism in junior secondary schools in Botswana. Case studies were carried out by student teachers on teaching practice. Issues arising from the case studies of the two pupils were combined with the life story of a third student teacher who himself has albinism. The authors conclude by making some recommendations as to how the experience of pupils with albinism might be improved in the light of local conditions and principles of development.
openalex: W1890404245 mag: 1890404245
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The selectivity of translation: accountability regimes in Chilean and South African higher education - Dickhaus, Barbara (Globalisation, Societies and Education, 2010)
This paper examines the translation of global educational norms of quality assurance in two countries with very different regulatory regimes in higher education: Chile and South Africa. The translation process is conceptualised here as a contested socio‐political process of appropriation and creation of meaning. Drawing upon the strategic–relational concept of selectivity, the paper argues that quality assurance policies have become a hegemonic tool for re‐organising higher education because a variety of – partly contradictory – meanings and interests can be attached to them: quality assurance is linked to rationales such as democratic transformation, re‐establishing public governance, strengthening market governance, contributing to national competitiveness, internationalisation of higher education or positioning universities in the (global) education market. Looking at the translation of quality assurance policies with the concept of selectivity enables us to see how structure, agency, discourses and scales operate strategically‐selectively in creating compromises between different interests in higher education governance.
openalex: W1970096668 mag: 1970096668
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Tonotopic changes in GABA receptor expression in guinea pig inferior colliculus after partial unilateral hearing loss - Dong, Songyu; Rodger, Jennifer; Mulders, Wilhelmina; Robertson, Donald (Brain Research, 2010)
Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the topographic distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA receptor (GABRA1) in guinea pig inferior colliculus after treatments that caused a unilateral loss of peripheral neural sensitivity in the high-frequency regions of the cochlea. Both forms of treatment (direct mechanical lesion of the cochlea and acoustic overstimulation) resulted in a significant decrease in GABRA1 labeling in regions of the contralateral inferior colliculus in which high-frequency sound stimuli are represented. This localized region of reduced inhibitory receptor expression corresponds to the region in which hyperactivity of inferior colliculus neurons has been shown to develop after such treatments. The results strengthen the notion of a causal link between reduced GABRA1 expression and neural hyperactivity in central auditory nuclei and provide a possible mechanism for the development of phantom auditory sensations, or tinnitus.
openalex: W2084617043 mag: 2084617043
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Round window delivery of dexamethasone ameliorates local and remote hearing loss produced by cochlear implantation into the second turn of the guinea pig cochlea - Eastwood, Hayden; Chang, Andrew; Kel, Gordana; Sly, David; Richardson, Rachael T.; O’Leary, Stephen (Hearing Research, 2010)
Application of dexamethasone to the round window has been shown to ameliorate high frequency hearing loss resulting from the trauma of cochlear implantation in experimental animals, but elucidation of the factors influencing protection of the high frequencies has been confounded by the local trauma from electrode array insertion. In this experiment, a second turn cochleostomy and implantation was performed on guinea pigs, to examine protection in the basal turn without the confounding effect of local trauma, as well as to test the efficacy of hearing protection in the second cochlear turn. The implantation resulted in an increase in hearing thresholds across all frequencies examined (2-32 kHz). Local delivery of dexamethasone to the round window prior to implantation protected hearing across frequencies from 2 to 32 kHz. Auditory thresholds improved over the first week after surgery, and then remained stable for the month of the experiment. The protection of hearing in the basal turn increased with longer periods of drug application prior to implantation. The level of hearing protection in the second turn was similar irrespective of the time that the drug was applied, but was greater when a higher steroid concentration was used. It was concluded that steroids protect hearing in the basal turn of the cochlea even when there was no local trauma. The level of hearing protection in the second turn exceeded that expected from models of steroid diffusion through the cochlea, suggesting that inner ear surgery alters the distribution of dexamethasone within the cochlea.
openalex: W2087289083 mag: 2087289083
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The Use of the Library Catalogue by Undergraduate Students in Niger Delta University Library - Ebiwolate, Posigha Bassil (2010)
Introduction Academic libraries collect material to support the teaching and research objectives of their parent bodies. The library serves both the teaching and non teaching staff of the university, researchers from other academic institutions, and students. Experience has shown that the majority of users of academic libraries are students. The library collection is organized to give easy access to material. According to Maloney (2004) the role of the library is to organize information resources and services in a way that supports user needs. Cataloguing and classification are basic processes in organizing information. Cataloguing is the process of describing material so it can be identified, while classification is the assignment of a call number that places material in order by subject. According to Opaleke, Olayemi, and Aina (2006) classification is a necessary device in organization. It directs the users to a specific subject, and groups books on the same or related subjects. The library catalogue is an essential tool. It is an index or a key to the collection, containing an entry representing each item (Clark, 2000). The catalogue also tells where in the library a book is located (Apotiade, 2002). LIterature Review A catalogue is a list of things exhibited, articles for sale, school courses offered, etc., usually with descriptive comments and often illustration. A library catalogue serves the same purpose. It is a file of records for a library's collection (List 1998, cited by Ojedokun 2007). It is important to both library users and library staff. Its functions include giving a comprehensive record of materials owned by the library, listing what the library possesses by a certain author, on a given subject, and with a certain title, and enabling library materials to be located easily (Clark, 2000). The catalogue provides multiple access points to the library's collection (Osiode, 1987). In spite of these purposes and characteristics, the use of the catalogue is very poor in most Nigerian university libraries. Ezomo (1988), cited by Okorafor (2006) reveals a poor use of the catalogue in Latunde Odeku Medical Library, attributed to lack of user education programmes. Fister (1992) states that undergraduates find the university library threatening and doing research intimidating because they do not have library skills. The only solution to this problem is prolonged and intensive user education and current awareness services. According to Kakai, Ikoja-Odongo, and Kigongo-Bukenya (2004), the university library faces a number of challenges in its user instruction programmes, yet it is through user education that librarians' work is made easy and students' effort reduced. If the library is for the use of all, then all must be able to use the catalogue to access the library materials. According to Ranganathan, libraries are for use. Therefore we must be sure that whatever we do serves the ultimate purpose of the library (Littlefield 2008). Objectives of the Study This study aims to: 1. Determine the extent of use of use of the catalogue to locate and retrieve books in the library. 2. Discover problems and constraints militating against the use of the catalogue. 3. Discover why students preferred to search for materials directly in the shelves. 4. Discover ways to make the use of the catalogue easier for students. Methodology This study was conducted at Niger Delta University Library, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa state. The study employed descriptive research, using a questionnaire as instrument for eliciting information on the use of the library catalogue among students. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed randomly, of which 294 were returned and used for the analysis. Simple percentages were used. Findings and Discussion More than half of respondents are aware of the library catalogue. …
openalex: W1544707530 mag: 1544707530
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Gender, Marital Status and Religious Affiliation as Factors of Assertiveness among Nigerian Education Majors - Ekundayo, Oladipo Samuel (The Social sciences (Faisalabad. Print), 2010)
Using an ex-post factor survey research design, the present study examined the influence of gender, marital status and religious affiliation on assertiveness of education majors. For the purpose of the study, 367 education majors were randomly selected from two institutions. This was made up of 96 (26.2%) males and 271(73.8%) females; 165 (45%) married, 191 (52%) singles and 11 (3%) widowed. Participants’ ages ranged between 17 to 53 years. Validated scales were used to collect data, which was analyzed using univariate analysis of variance. The result showed no significant differences for gender, martial status or religious affiliation. Key words: Education major, assertiveness, pre-service teachers, N.C.E. students, university undergraduates.
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Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Periodontitis Among High School Students in Sudan - Elamin, Amal; Skaug, Nils; Ali, Raouf Wahab; Bakken, Vidar; Albandar, Jasim M. (Journal of Periodontology, 2010)
There are limited data on the epidemiology and risk factors of periodontitis in young populations in developing nations. This study assesses the prevalence of periodontal attachment loss and aggressive periodontitis and the association with ethnicity among high school students in Sudan.The study sample consisted of 1,200 students, 13 to 19 years old, selected from 38 public and private high schools using a multistage, stratified sampling design. The subjects were interviewed and examined clinically. Periodontal parameters were assessed at six sites per tooth. Subjects with aggressive periodontitis were identified.A total of 3.4% of the subjects had aggressive periodontitis, and 16.3% and 8.2% of the subjects had at least one tooth with > or = 4 and > or = 5 mm attachment loss, respectively. A significantly higher percentage of subjects of African tribal ethnicity had attachment loss > or = 4 and > or = 5 mm compared to Afro-Arab tribes (19.8% versus 14.7%, P = 0.02; and 12% versus 6.4%, P = 0.004, respectively), and had a higher prevalence of aggressive periodontitis (6% versus 2.3%; P = 0.01) and higher risk of being diagnosed with this disease (odds ratio = 2.7; P <0.0001). African ethnicity was also associated with a significantly higher number of teeth with attachment loss than in Afro-Arabs (P <0.01). Comparison by gender showed a significantly higher percentage of males with aggressive periodontitis (4.9% versus 2%; P <0.01) and a higher risk for this disease (odds ratio = 2.5; P = 0.01) than in females. However, the prevalence of subjects with attachment loss > or = 4 and > or = 5 mm was comparable in the two gender groups.Our results show that aggressive periodontitis is highly prevalent in this population. African ethnicity (versus Afro-Arab) and male gender were risk factors for aggressive periodontitis.
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Morphologic, stratigraphic and morphometric investigations of valley networks in eastern Libya Montes, Mars: Implications for the Noachian/Hesperian climate change - Erkeling, G.; Reiss, D.; Hiesinger, H.; Jaumann, R. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2010)
“Dendritic valley networks” and broad “longitudinal valleys” are widespread within the eastern Libya Montes region. The morphologic characteristics of the studied dendritic valleys, especially their occurrence at local summits, provide evidence for the initial formation by surface runoff due to atmospheric precipitation whereas the longitudinal valley systems are thought to have been formed and modified by groundwater-induced processes. Our crater counts and model ages show, that the dendritic valley networks (average age ∼ 4.0 Ga) formed earlier than the longitudinal valley systems (average age ∼ 3.7 Ga). Both fluvial forms indicate a temporal change of the erosive environment at the Noachian/Hesperian transition at ∼ 3.8 Ga. Our results suggest that the fluvial activity within our investigation area lasted for ∼ 800 My, from ∼ 4.1 Ga to ∼ 3.3 Ga. The dendritic valleys show valley densities between 0.12 km− 1 and 0.57 km− 1, indicative of highly mature and integrated valley systems that we interpret to be characteristic of warmer and wetter conditions on Mars.
openalex: W2003474109 mag: 2003474109
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Uneven Paths of Development: Innovation and Learning in Asia and Africa - Essegbey, George Owusu (Social Science Journal, 2010)
"Uneven Paths of Development: Innovation and Learning in Asia and Africa." The Social Science Journal, 47(2), pp. 463–464
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A feminist post-structuralist analysis of an exemplar South African school History text - Fardon, Jill; Schoeman, Sonja (South African Journal of Education, 2010)
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Towards Coping with the Major Contemporary Challenges of the Classroom Teacher in Nigeria - Felix, M.E. Okpilike (The Social Sciences, 2010)
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Writing Strategies of Tunisian First Year University Students Learning English as a Foreign Language. - Ferjani, Kaouther (2010)
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Education, migration and internationalism: situating Muslim Middle Eastern and North African students in Cuba - Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (Journal of North African Studies, 2010)
Since the 1970s, thousands of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) students have been amongst the 40,000 recipients of a free education at universities and other further education institutions in Cuba. Drawing on interviews conducted with Muslim MENA university students in Cuba, including both citizens and refugees, I suggest that their legal statuses played central roles during their time in the Caribbean island, as well as structuring their expectations for the future. This article examines both Muslim youth experiences of, and Cuban motivations behind, an internationalist education programme that has been marginalised by both academics and policy-makers alike. Further, it explores and contextualises these students' perceptions of life in Cuba throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and of the conditions in their places of origin, which in many cases are refugee camps or hosting countries. In addition to offering these individuals a further education with an aim of enhancing self-sustainability in their ‘home’ countries/spaces, I propose that this programme is a clear alternative, and even a challenge, to the way in which the education of foreign students is structured and managed elsewhere by states and institutions driven by different socio-economic and political priorities.
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Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Carboniferous deposits in western Libya: Recording the sedimentary response of the northern Gondwana margin to climate and sea-level changes - Fröhlich, Sebastian; Petitpierre, Laurent; Redfern, Jonathan; Grech, P. V.; Bodin, Stéphane; Lang, Simon (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2010)
Detailed sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Carboniferous (Tournaisian to Moscovian) strata exposed in the north-western Murzuq Basin and southern Ghadames Basin, western Libya, provides new insights into the sedimentary response of the northern Gondwana margin to climate and sea-level change. The Lower Carboniferous Marar and Assedjefar Formations can be divided into five depositional sequences of 3rd order. In total 27 facies types are defined, grouped into four facies associations: offshore shales, shallow marine clastics, fluvial sandstones and marine carbonates. The bulk of the Lower Carboniferous interval is dominated by an alternation of offshore shales and shallow marine clastics, which were deposited during the transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The clastic deposits mostly consist of laterally persistent coarsening and thickening upward cycles with a common succession from basal hummocky cross-stratified sandstones to ripple-laminated sandstones, capped by multidirectional cross-stratified sandstones. Within the lowstand systems tracts, lenticular sandbodies have been identified, which vary in thickness from 1.5 m (ca. 40 m wide) to 50 m (ca. 1.5 km wide). These are interpreted to be fluvial channel complexes based on their geometry, erosive base, and presence of thick stacked sandstones with unidirectional planar and trough cross-bedding, the absence of bioturbation and occurrence of land plant fragments. These channel complexes mostly cut down into offshore shales, and are interpreted to be bound at the base by sequence boundaries. Palaeogeographic maps generated for each lowstand system show the location and palaeoflow direction of these fluvial channel complexes. They are interpreted to represent large incised valleys filled with thick fluvial sandstones. Their identification and distribution indicates repeated exposure of large areas of western Libya, most-likely controlled by major eustatic sea-level changes. The Assedjefar Formation exibits a gradual decrease in coarse clastic sediment supply throughout the Serpukhovian and by the Bashkirian and Moscovian during the deposition of the Dembaba Formation a carbonate depositional system was established. Limestones are dominantly made up of a heterozoan fauna (brachiopods, crinoids, bryozoans, gastropods) and are mostly preserved as shallow marine storm and coastal deposits. It is hypothesised that a local increase in aridity and/or the gradual erosion and decreasing topography of the hinterland mountains, with the resulting reduction in discharge, controlled this shift from clastic to carbonate deposition. Available data indicate that the Murzuq Basin was interconnected with the Ghadames Basin at this time and is a postdepositional basin with respect to the Carboniferous interval. The sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic data from the present study offer new insights into the depositional setting and facies distribution in the Carboniferous, and the recognition of major incised fluvial systems has significant implications in the search for potential Carboniferous hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Murzuq, Ghadames, and Illizi Basins.
openalex: W2068204601 mag: 2068204601
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Modelling farmers' adaptation strategies for climate change and variability: The case of the Limpopo Basin, South Africa - Gbetibouo, Glwadys Aymone; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (Agrekon, 2010)
ABSTRACT This paper examines climate adaptation strategies of farmers in the Limpopo Basin of South Africa. Survey results show that while many farmers noticed long-term changes in temperature and precipitation, most could not take remedial action. Lack of access to credit and water were cited as the main factors inhibiting adaptation. Common adaptation responses reported included diversifying crops, changing varieties and planting dates, using irrigation, and supplementing livestock feed. A multinomial logit analysis of climate adaptation responses suggests that access to water, credit, extension services and off-farm income and employment opportunities, tenure security, farmers' asset base and farming experience are key to enhancing farmers' adaptive capacity. This implies that appropriate government interventions to improve farmers' access to and the status of these factors are needed for reducing vulnerability of farmers to climate adversities in such arid areas.
openalex: W2105511958 mag: 2105511958
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Childhood Lead Exposure After the Phaseout of Leaded Gasoline: An Ecological Study of School-Age Children in Kampala, Uganda - Graber, Lauren K.; Asher, Daniel; Anandaraja, Natasha; Bopp, Richard F.; Merrill, Karen R.; Cullen, Mark R.; Luboga, Samuel; Trasande, Leonardo (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010)
Tetraethyl lead was phased out of gasoline in Uganda in 2005. Recent mitigation of an important source of lead exposure suggests examination and re-evaluation of the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning in this country. Ongoing concerns persist about exposure from the Kiteezi landfill in Kampala, the country's capital.We determined blood lead distributions among Kampala schoolchildren and identified risk factors for elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs; >or= 10 microg/dL). Analytical approach: Using a stratified, cross-sectional design, we obtained blood samples, questionnaire data, and soil and dust samples from the homes and schools of 163 4- to 8-year-old children representing communities with different risks of exposure.The mean blood lead level (BLL) was 7.15 microg/dL; 20.5% of the children were found to have EBLL. Multivariable analysis found participants whose families owned fewer household items, ate canned food, or used the community water supply as their primary water source to have higher BLLs and likelihood of EBLLs. Distance < 0.5 mi from the landfill was the factor most strongly associated with increments in BLL (5.51 microg/dL, p < 0.0001) and likelihood of EBLL (OR = 4.71, p = 0.0093). Dust/soil lead was not significantly predictive of BLL/EBLL.Lead poisoning remains highly prevalent among school-age children in Kampala. Confirmatory studies are needed, but further efforts are indicated to limit lead exposure from the landfill, whether through water contamination or through another mechanism. Although African nations are to be lauded for the removal of lead from gasoline, this study serves as a reminder that other sources of exposure to this potent neurotoxicant merit ongoing attention.
openalex: W2019320606 mag: 2019320606
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Embracing and Resisting Ethnoracial Boundaries: Second-Generation Immigrant and African-American Students in a Multicultural University1 - Grasmuck, Sherri; Kim, Jennifer (Sociological Forum, 2010)
The transformation of college campuses related to the growing presence of minority youth and the arrival of second-generation immigrants offers opportunities for exploring the formation of social and cultural boundaries and ethnoracial identities in local multicultural contexts. Absent from many discussions of the merits of multicultural college settings is specification of the interactional processes and cultural transformations that presumably lie at the heart of diversity payoffs. This project focuses on students from four minority groups, three of whom are second-generation immigrants, in a racially diverse university, combining focus groups and in-depth interviews. First, we analyze how the social mixing practices of students congeal into ethnoracial boundaries on campus. We find that two images of multiculturalism (“fragmented pluralism” and “interactive pluralism”) play out simultaneously on this campus. Second, we examine the pathways leading to more insular ethnoracial mixing and toward more heterogeneous social mixing, as well as explore the cultural meanings of these practices in student narratives. We also compare the influence of campus context, student agency, and internal and external group pressures on varying degrees of student satisfaction with their achieved social worlds.
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From policy to practice: education reform in Mozambique and Marrere Teachers’ Training College - Guro, Manuel; Weber, Everard (South African Journal of Education, 2010)
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Childhood perceptions of family, social support, parental alcoholism, and later alcohol use among African American college students - Hall, Joanne M. (Journal of Substance Use, 2010)
This study investigated differences in alcohol use, family of origin, and social support between a sample of adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs, 25 males and 25 females), and a sample of adult children of non-alcoholics (non-ACOAs, 25 males and 25 females). Participants completed a battery of tests: a demographic questionnaire, the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, the Family of Origin Scale, and the Dimension of Social Support Scale. Analysis of variance revealed that the two groups differed on alcohol consumption and family of origin, with ACOAs reporting significantly less alcohol use, and non-ACOAs reporting healthier families of origin. The findings indicate that not all ACOAs abuse alcohol or struggle with social or behavioural problems.
openalex: W2103648660 mag: 2103648660
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Factors Influencing the Use of Instructional Materials by Agriculture Teachers among Public and Private Secondary Schools in Botswana - Idowu, Oladele Oladimeji (NACTA Journal, 2010)
This paper examined and compared factors influencing the use of instructional materials (IMs) among agriculture teachers in public and private secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana. The results show that teachers in public schools were younger and had fewer years of teaching experience, but had higher qualifications than those in private schools. The availability of IMs was higher in private than public schools, but teachers in public schools were more favorably disposed to IMs use than teachers in private school. Significant differences exist between public and private schools teachers for availability of IMs (t = -2.33, p < 0.05) and attitude towards the use of IMs (t = 2.91, p < 0.05). Important predictors of the use of IMs are availability of IMs (t = 3.65), teaching position (t = 2.51), and teaching experience (t = -2.45). Educational policy makers and planners should pay proper attention to these variables to improve the use of IMs in schools.
openalex: W2369530775 mag: 2369530775
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Management of Splenic Injuries in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria - Iribhogbe, Pius Ehiawaguan; Okolo, C. J. (West African journal of medicine, 2010)
Management of spleen injuries has undergone evolution over the past few decades.To assess the challenges of managing splenic injuries in Nigeria.The medical records of all adult trauma patients with documented injury of the spleen over a two-year period (2006-2008) were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, mechanism of injury, injury-arrival time, Revised Trauma Score, abdominocentesis, abdominal ultrasound and CT findings. Treatment received, outcome and length of hospital stay were also documented.Twenty-three patients were managed for splenic injuries during the period under review. These consisted of 21 (91.3%) males and two (8.7%) females. The age range was 16 to 58 years [mean of 29.6(12.2 years)]. The mechanism of injury was blunt in 21 cases and penetrating in two cases with motor vehicle accident being the most common cause of injury. The mean injury-arrival time was 25.2(26.5) hours. Eight patients successfully underwent non-operative management, while 15 had operative intervention. Splenectomy was the most frequently performed procedure. Challenges identified in the management of patients with splenic injuries in Nigeria include delayed presentation, underutilization of CT, unavailability of interventional radiology, inadequate ICUs, limited vaccination, discharge against medical advice and poor follow up.Non-operative management of injuries to the spleen in adults appears promising. The challenges identified need to be addressed in order to deliver optimal care for the victims of spleen trauma.
openalex: W1998525955 mag: 1998525955
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Surgical Considerations in the Management of Tumours of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses in a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Iseh, KR; Aliyu, Daniel (West African journal of medicine, 2010)
BACKGROUND: Tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses in sub-Saharan Africa are generally characterised by late presentation posing management challenges to the otorhinolaryngologists in the sub-region.OBJECTIVES: To appraise surgical considerations in the management of tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses in a developing nation from the experiences of an Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.METHODS: This was a chart review of patients with tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses who underwent various surgical operations over a period of four and a half years.The patients were referred by other physicians or health care workers.They were assessed clinically, backed by laboratory and radiological investigations.RESULTS: A total number of 55 patients underwent 64 surgical operations.There were 31 (56.4%)males and 24 (43.6%)females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.3:1.They were aged between four years and 70 years.In 46(83.6%)patients the tumours had extended beyond the nasal cavity or one sinus cavity to contiguous structures.The surgical operations carried out were lateral rhinotomy in 37(57.8%),intranasal clearance and intranasal antrostomy in 16(25%), total maxillectomy in seven(11%), and anterior craniofacial resection in two (3.1%) patients.The histological examination showed that 43 (78.2%)cases were benign, while 12 (21.8%)cases were malignant.These malignant cases needed radiotherapy and chemotherapy.CONCLUSION: Majority of the cases were characterised by late presentation, requiring surgical approaches such as lateral rhinotomy, total maxillectomy or craniofacial resection depending on the extent of the tumour.Poverty, ignorance, inadequate funding and administration challenges of health resources are factors militating against proper clinical management of tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses in developing nations.Provision of free medical care and modern facilities for early diagnosis, treatment, and health education are needed to reverse the trend.WAJM 2009; 28(6): 371-375.
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Mainstreaming Environment and Sustainability Issues in Institutions of Higher Education: The Case of the University of Botswana - Jeremiah, Koketso; Ketlhoilwe, Mphemelang Joseph (2010)
Environment and sustainability issues are contemporary in educational innovations in institutions of higher education particularly in their core business regarding teaching, research and community engagement. The introduction and implementation of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD) (2005-2014) has added impetus to the contemporariness of environment and sustainability issues in education. This paper is based on the empirical data generated within a selection of University of Botswana departments and units to determine the extent to which sustainability issues and concerns are implemented. The paper provides the outcome of the audit exercise that indicated that some of the University of Botswana departments and units are not incorporating sustainability issues in their practices (be it in teaching, research, community engagement or management practices). The paper recommends a systematic approach to mainstream environment and sustainability issues across the faculties.
openalex: W2147796202 mag: 2147796202
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School Psychology in Egypt - Jimerson, Shane R.; Alghorani, Mohammad Adnan; Darweish, Abdel-Hameed; Abdelaziz, Mahmoud Nait (School Psychology International, 2010)
The International School Psychology Survey (ISPS) was used to gather information about the characteristics, training, roles, activities, preferences, research interests and the challenges experienced by school psychology specialists in Egypt. To the degree that the data are representative of the school psychology specialists Egypt, it appears that the vast majority of school psychology specialists have bachelor degrees. The greatest proportion of their work involved counselling students, providing direct services to students, and providing primary prevention programs. The results from this survey were considered in relation to the social and cultural context of school psychology practice in Egypt and were compared with the findings from ISPS surveys in other countries.
openalex: W2124088909 mag: 2124088909
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Factors affecting the teaching of technical and vocational skills in secondary schools in Uganda a case of Wakiso and Kampala districts - Kafuluma, Mukasa John Ddungu (2010)
openalex: W2971467136 mag: 2971467136
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The Current Emphasis on Science and Technology in Nigeria: Dilemmas for Art Education - Kashim, Isah Bolaji; Adelabu, Oluwafemi Samuel (Leonardo, 2010)
Nigerian educational policies continue to emphasize the development of science and technology. Arts are being relegated to the background as a result of this emphasis. This paradigm shift has affected visual arts education in Nigeria. The number of those seeking admission into science- and engineering-based courses has risen tenfold in spite of the limited infrastructural facilities available, while the number seeking admission to creative arts continues to dwindle yearly. Those who had been preparing for courses in engineering and science but could not secure admission are often absorbed into arts-based industrial design courses. Students in industrial design with science backgrounds are able to develop their creative potential, which is necessary in developing economies. This paper suggests that art training in Nigeria should embrace integrated science subjects.
openalex: W2038610563 mag: 2038610563
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Why tertiary students largely fail beginning computer programming courses at the Polytechnic of Namibia: Different perceptions, common recommendations. - Kiekebusch, Bernd; Nghipangelwa, Aina Tulimekondjo (2010)
Background Students of computer programming at the Polytechnic of Namibia (PoN) are much more likely to fail than to pass their first course. While opinions about the causes for this problem vary, and several strategies have been employed over the past years, the high failure rates persist. Currently, there is no consensus among PoN staff as to what the root causes are and consequently what methods could be used to improve results. The problem is possibly exacerbated, because the PoN is a new institution in a new country. Until Namibia's independence in 1990 the school system (of then South West Africa) was administered by South Africa, and university-level education was available only there and almost exclusively to the white community. In 1990 the official language was changed from Afrikaans to English, and secondary education adopted the Cambridge system with little preparation for the teachers. The University of Namibia was founded shortly after, and the PoN, Namibia's University of Science and Technology, began operating in 1995. Both institutions had to start anew and had to rely heavily on foreign lecturers that were willing to assist under short-term contracts–at the same time students were first in their families, burdened with all the problems of lack of role models, low language and science proficiency, and scarce financial resources. The PoN has offered courses in Information Technology (IT) since its founding. For the initial eight years, an introduction to programming with the C language was given during the first semester. Due to consistently low pass rates (50-60%) the curriculum was changed in 2003 to begin with an introduction to algorithms followed by programming with C in the second semester. Whereas programming now experienced high pass rates (above >90%), the majority of students failed algorithms on first attempt (pass-rate 35-45%), but they often completed most or all of the non-programming courses. (Kiekebusch, collected class records 2002-2005). In 2006 another curriculum change permitted students to attend programming without passing algorithms and it appears that success rates for programming dropped again. Failing the first programming course has many negative consequences: the students feel discouraged (especially as this occurs in their first year) and some find that they are unable to continue their studies because their source of funding (a parent, relative, bursary or loan) won't pay for a repeat course. In the authors' experience, it is also frustrating for lecturers and adds to the teaching workload of the IT department. Difficulties in learning a first computer programming language are a global phenomenon, however, as an Internet search about the topic easily demonstrates. The causes are attributed to a variety of factors depending on local conditions, the background preparation by the students, as well as the choice of the first computer language. This study tries to identify prevalent causes at the PoN, to explore perceptions for the failure rate by both lecturers and students, and to draw conclusions and recommendations from collected data, personal experience, and references to relevant international publications. However, the students' preparedness or lack thereof must be acknowledged also. Almost all PoN students were educated in Namibia's government-run school system, which has expanded greatly since the country's independence in 1990. Admission criteria for IT include: 25 points on the IGCSE scale, E in English, D in Mathematics, and an adaptation of the Myers-Briggs aptitude test (or a mature-entry test for older applicants). Still, many come with plenty of difficulties in English writing (English is usually their second language, if not their third or fourth), and a background in Mathematics that is mostly equivalent to only the British O level, or grade 12 in the USA. But this is not atypical in the developing world, and would seemingly affect the students' performance in many other courses, not just beginning Computer Programming. …
openalex: W1543111066 mag: 1543111066
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Foreign Body Inhalation: A Review of Patients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana - Kitcher, ED (West African journal of medicine, 2010)
Foreign body inhalation, a surgical emergency requiring prompt management to avoid morbidity and mortality , poses a diagnostic and management challenge to otolaryngologists.To assess the pattern of foreign body inhalation at the ENT Unit Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra, Ghana.The theatre records of patients managed for foreign body inhalation from Ist January 2003 to 31st December 2006 at the ENT Unit of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra, Ghana were studied with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, types of foreign bodies removed, location of foreign bodies, and outcomes of the laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy procedures.There were forty patients with an age range of seven months to 15 years with a mean age of 4.78 years and a peak age incidence at zero to four year age group. The commonest inhaled foreign bodies included groundnuts in five (12.5%) patients, fish bones in six (15%) patients, plastic materials in five (12.5%) patients, metal material in five (12.5%) patients and seeds in five (12.5%) patients. The common clinical presentations included respiratory difficulty, irritating cough, choking, painful swallowing and whistling sound during breathing. Foreign bodies were localized in the right main bronchus in 27 (67.5 %) patients, and in the left main bronchus in ten (25%) patients and in the larynx in three (7.5%) patients. One patient died during bronchoscopy and another patient had bronchotomy for failed bronchoscopy.The peak age of occurrence of forein body inhalation is in the zero to four year age group. The commonest inhaled foreign bodies are groundnuts, fish bones, plastic materials, metal materials and seeds. Majority of inhaled foreign bodies tend to localise in the right main bronchus.
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A Call to Action to Raise Achievement for African American Students. Student Achievement Policy Brief #1: African American Students. - Kober, Nancy (Center on Education Policy, 2010)
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School Proximity and Child Labor: Evidence from Rural Tanzania - Kondylis, Florence; Manacorda, Marco (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Is improved school accessibility an effective policy tool for reducing child labor in developing countries? We address this question using micro data from rural Tanzania and a regression strategy that attempts to control for non-random location of households around schools as well as classical and nonclassical measurement error in self-reported distance to school. Consistent with a simple model of child labor supply, but contrary to what appears to be a widespread perception, our analysis shows that school proximity leads to a rise in school attendance but no fall in child labor.
openalex: W2084392769 mag: 2084392769
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School Proximity and Child Labor: Evidence from Rural Tanzania - Kondylis, Florence; Manacorda, Marco (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
Is improved school accessibility an effective policy tool for reducing child labor in developing countries? We address this question using micro data from rural Tanzania and a regression strategy that attempts to control for non-random location of households around schools as well as classical and non-classical measurement error in self-reported distance to school. Consistent with a simple model of child labor supply, but contrary to what appears to be a widespread perception, our analysis shows that school proximity leads to a rise in school attendance but no fall in child labor.
openalex: W3125696619 mag: 3125696619
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An investigation into introduction of a post-graduate certificate in the Teaching of English in Namibia. - Krishnamurthy, Sarala (2010)
2.1 Background Namibia won its independence twenty years ago and since then has implemented an education policy which clearly states that in higher education must be organised to cultivate and sustain a culture of disciplined thinking and inquiry and to nurture a commitment to academic achievement and excellence. ... For higher education to be effective, it must be linked to research and knowledge creation (Investing in People, Developing a Country (1990: 29). Article 3 (2) of the Namibian Constitution (Republic of Namibia 1990) states that the official language shall be English and the format of education that shall be followed is Transitional Bilingualism with equal emphasis being placed on English and the local indigenous languages. Transitional Bilingualism can be described as the practice of using one language as a of instruction to prepare for the use of another language as the medium (Harlech-Jones 2001:32). While the Language Policy is very clear on the need to study English, it has not been able to translate it into success at the ground level. The communicative approach to language teaching was in fashion up until recently, and even now teachers are floundering about in the vast sea of teaching pedagogy and methodology. Sixteen years after independence at the tertiary level, we still have students who have problems with English. Three tertiary institutions were started more than a decade ago to provide quality education to Namibians who had, until then, to go to South Africa for their graduate studies. These institutions were: the University of Namibia, the Polytechnic of Namibia and the Windhoek College of Education. The mission and vision of the Polytechnic was to provide post-secondary education, continuing education, applied research and equal opportunities to all ethnic groups. All instructional programmes at the Polytechnic are aimed at meeting the needs of industry, understood as the driving force of the Namibian economy. Notwithstanding its vision and mission, the Polytechnic must work assiduously to develop, implement and revise programmes that serve and are seen to serve, both national and individual interests. The Polytechnic, through its Centre for Open and Lifelong Learning (COLL) is poised to offer an instructional programme for teachers specifically in the area of English Language Teaching on distance. Ever since its inception, COLL has expanded at a tremendous rate and now has centres in ten, out of thirteen regions in the country. Following is the summary of the student enrolments for various courses at the COLL centres in Namibia: STUDENT STATISTICS PER CENTRE 1ST SEMESTER 2009 DI GO KE KM ON OP 10758 116 282 204 1050 70 109 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 4 8 6 0 10 0 3 0 7 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 10918 116 289 213 1063 70 DI OT RU TS WB TOTAL 10758 319 240 230 559 28344 109 0 0 0 0 218 35 1 8 2 1 65 10 0 18 0 2 40 6 0 0 0 0 7 10918 320 266 232 562 28674 Key: DI: Distance Windhoek, GO: Gobabis, KE: Keetmanshoop, KM: Katima Mulilo, ON:Ondangwa, OP: Otapi, OT: Otjiwarongo, RU: Rundu, TS: Tsumeb, WB: Walvis Bay(towns in Namibia) (Pl. note that the population of Namibia stands at about 1.85 million) The Department of Communication can drive this programme through COLL. The department is already offering English Communication Modules 1 - 6 through distance. Modules 1 and 2 are basic English, Modules 3 and 4 deal with Academic English and in Modules 5 and 6 we teach Professional and Business Communication. At the moment three teachers in the department offer a hybrid course in English at Module 6 level. There is sufficient depth and breadth of experience in innovative teaching pedagogy and methodology which warrants the introduction of a Post Graduate Certificate Course in the Teaching of English at the Polytechnic. …
openalex: W1676233036 mag: 1676233036
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Innovative public sector education and training in a developing South Africa: the impact of and responses to globalisation - Kroukamp, Hendri (Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 2010)
Innovative public sector education and training in a developing South Africa: The impact of and responses to globalisation The end of the twentieth century witnessed signifi cant changes in governmental administration with increasing reliance on, for example, the application of market mechanisms, and the carrying out of privatisation and deregulation initiatives to be in line with globalisation challenges. The signifi cance of these changes was accelerated by the social transformation which took place HENDRI KROUKAMP is in Kaapstad gebore en het na skool sy tersiere opleiding by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch begin waar hy die BA en BA Hons grade in Publieke Administrasie verwerf het. Sy MA en DPhil grade in Publieke Administrasie het hy by die Universiteit van Port Elizabeth (UPE) – tans die Nelson Mandela Metropolitaanse Universiteit (NMMU) – verwerf. Na ’n tweejaar tydperk in die Staatsdiens, word Hendri in 1988 as lektor in Publieke Administrasie by die UPE aangestel. In 1996 word hy tot senior lektor bevorder en in 1999 word hy by die Universiteit van die Vrystaat (UV) as professor en departementshoof in Openbare Bestuur aangestel. In 2002 word hy as Programdirekteur: Openbare Sektorbestuur aangestel. Tans is Hendri SekundusDekaan van die Fakulteit Ekonomiese en Bestuurswetenskappe aan die UV. HENDRI KROUKAMP was born in Cape Town and started his tertiary education at the University of Stellenbosch where he obtained the BA and BA Hons degrees in Public Administration. The MA and DPhil degrees were obtained at the University of Port Elizabeth (UPE) – currently the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). After a two-year stint in the public sector, Hendri was appointed as lecturer in Public Administration at UPE. In 1996 he was promoted to senior lecturer and in 1999 he joined the University of the Free State (UFS) as professor and chairperson of the Department of Public Management. In 2002 he was appointed as Programme Director: Public Sector Management. Currently Hendri is Secundus Dean of the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences at the UFS. Hendri Kroukamp 1 Voordrag gelewer tydens die GBATA-konferensie wat van 7 tot 12 Julie 2008 in Madrid, Spanje plaasgevind het.
openalex: W1696692493 mag: 1696692493
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Active fault segments as potential earthquake sources: Inferences from integrated geophysical mapping of the Magadi fault system, southern Kenya Rift - Kuria, Z.N.; Woldai, T.; Meer, Freek D. van der; Barongo, Justus (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2010)
Southern Kenya Rift has been known as a region of high geodynamic activity expressed by recent volcanism, geothermal activity and high rate of seismicity. The active faults that host these activities have not been investigated to determine their subsurface geometry, faulting intensity and constituents (fluids, sediments) for proper characterization of tectonic rift extension. Two different models of extension direction (E–W to ESE–WNW and NW–SE) have been proposed. However, they were based on limited field data and lacked subsurface investigations. In this research, we delineated active fault zones from ASTER image draped on ASTER DEM, together with relocated earthquakes. Subsequently, we combined field geologic mapping, electrical resistivity, ground magnetic traverses and aeromagnetic data to investigate the subsurface character of the active faults. Our results from structural studies identified four fault sets of different age and deformational styles, namely: normal N–S; dextral NW–SE; strike slip ENE–WSW; and sinistral NE–SW. The previous studies did not recognize the existence of the sinistral oblique slip NE–SW trending faults which were created under an E–W extension to counterbalance the NW–SE faults. The E–W extension has also been confirmed from focal mechanism solutions of the swarm earthquakes, which are located where all the four fault sets intersect. Our findings therefore, bridge the existing gap in opinion on neo-tectonic extension of the rift suggested by the earlier authors. Our results from resistivity survey show that the southern faults are in filled with fluid (0.05 and 0.2 Ωm), whereas fault zones to the north contain high resistivity (55–75 Ωm) material. The ground magnetic survey results have revealed faulting activity within active fault zones that do not contain fluids. In addition, the 2D inversion of the four aero-magnetic profiles (209 km long) revealed: major vertical to sub vertical faults (dipping 75–85° east or west); an uplifted, heavily fractured and deformed basin to the north (highly disturbed magnetic signatures) characteristic of on going active rifting; and a refined architecture of the asymmetry graben to the south with an intrarift horst, whose western graben is 4 km deep and eastern graben is much deeper (9 km), with a zone of significant break in magnetic signatures at that depth, interpreted as source of the hot springs south of Lake Magadi (a location confirmed near surface by ground magnetic and resistivity data sets). The magnetic sources to the north are shallow at 15 km depth compared to 22 km to the south. The loss of magnetism to the north is probably due to increased heat as a result of magmatic intrusion supporting active rifting model. Conclusively, the integrated approach employed in this research confirms that fault system delineated to the north is actively deforming under E–W normal extension and is a potential earthquake source probably related to magmatic intrusion, while the presence of fluids within the south fault zone reduce intensity of faulting activity and explains lack of earthquakes in a continental rift setting.
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Peace Education for Inter-ethnic and Inter-cultural Solidarity in Uganda: A Curriculum Agenda - Langole, Stephen (International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2010)
Peace Education for Inter-ethnic and Inter-cultural Solidarity in Uganda: A Curriculum Agenda Stephen Langole Institute of Peace and Strategic Studies Gulu University
openalex: W2237418212 mag: 2237418212
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Cultures of Ancient Egypt, Phoenicia, and Hebrew in High School Textbooks of World History - Lee, DongGyw (Seoyang go'dae'sa yeon'gu, 2010)
openalex: W2319079612 mag: 2319079612
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Moho Discontinuity Depth Estimates for the Cameroon Volcanic Line from Gravity Data - Marcel, C. T. Jean; Tabod, E.; Manguelle-Dicoum; Njandjock, Philippe Nouck (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
In this work, the Moho depth in a part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) between the latitudes 3°30´ to6°33´N and the longitudes 8°50’ to 11°27’E, has been estimated covering two distinct regions: the Mount Cameroon andthe Bamenda by the use of polynomial separation of gravity data and spectral analysis along two profiles. The Moho isuplifted in the Mount Cameroon region, where the crust is thinned to about 24 km. In the Bamenda region, the crustalthickness is found to be normal at about 31 km. The high positive gravity anomalies of up to 100 m Gal observed in thisarea indicate the thinning of the crust in the Mount Cameroon region. Seismic and gravity data indicate a crustalthickness of 30-34 km along the continental parts of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, except in the Adamawa plateau, wherethe crust’s thickness ranges between 20-23 km. The crustal thickness of about 31 km in the Bamenda region is anevidence of perfect isostatic compensation, which suggests a deep seated source for the negative anomaly, resulting ina general asthenospheric uplift along the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
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Responsible Leaders for Inclusive Globalization: Cases in Nicaragua and the Democratic Republic of the Congo - María, Josep; Lozano, Josep M. (Journal of Business Ethics, 2010)
openalex: W2028220521 mag: 2028220521
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Traditional healers and diabetes: results from a pilot project to train traditional healers to provide health education and appropriate health care practices for diabetes patients in Cameroon - Mbeh, George; Edwards, Richard; Ngufor, George; Assah, Félix; Fezeu, Léopold; Mbanya, Jean Claude (Global health promotion (Print), 2010)
In resource-limited countries where the challenge of diabetes management is especially severe, there has been a recent call for the inclusion of traditional healers in the fight against diabetes. In response, some researchers have highlighted the dangers of incorporating traditional healers while others, have presented them as a potential asset to the health care system if well trained and guided. We report here on a pilot intervention to include traditional healers in the health promotion and prevention efforts for diabetes in Cameroon, as part of the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes (CAMBoD) project. We trained 106 healers in a range of topics and practices relating to diabetes prevention and care. Eight months later we carried out a field evaluation of 36 of them using in-depth semi-structured interviews and direct observation methods to find out if they remembered and applied the learning from the training. Most healers recalled and were applying some of the lessons learnt, including referral of patients for blood glucose tests at biomedical health facilities, desisting from scarifying patients with diabetes, and educating their patients, peers and other people in their communities about diabetes. Healers were enthusiastic about collaboration with the diabetes control program, though some wanted additional responsibilities. We conclude that healers could learn prevention strategies of diabetes relatively rapidly and collaborate in health promotion.
openalex: W2166170049 mag: 2166170049
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Influence of secondary school head teachers’ support on teachers’ professional development in Nakuru District, Kenya - Mburugu, Fridah Gakii (2010)
openalex: W2588052149 mag: 2588052149
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Pedagogy of Self-Development: The Role the Black Church Can Have on African American Students. - McCray, Carlos R.; Grant, Cosette M.; Beachum, Floyd D. (Journal of Negro Education, 2010)
Historically, the Black Church has been an institutional stronghold in the Black community and has thereby sustained a cultural ethos that has enabled African Americans to combat racial prejudice and hostility for generations. Therefore, this article will unearth Yosso's notion of alternative capital that students of color have at their disposal and the Black church's role in its nourishment. Alas, educators and administrators who are charged with educating African American students have, in many cases, been negligent in their efforts to recognize such contrarian capital. This has been mainly due to the fact that schools are undergirded by precepts of implicit and explicit racial biases. The authors will attempt to add to the notion of pedagogy of self-development as we elucidate that such a cogent standard to traditional capital is doing increasing harm and contributing to the on-going academic decline of many African American students in U. S. schools. Keywords: leadership, diversity, Black Church, social capital, multiculturalism The slogan black is beautiful ... is not an expression of reverse racial chauvinism; rather it registers the fact that black is a tremendous spiritual condition, one of the greatest challenges anyone alive can face. (Glaude, 2007, p. 13) Today, African American students seem to be the recipients of disproportionate disciplinary procedures and educational practices that are ushering them out of the entire educational process (Day-Vines & Day-Hairston, 2005; Ferguson, 2001; Peterson, 2003; Skiba & Peterson, 1999). African American students in the United States make-up 16.9% of the student population, yet account for 33.4% of all school suspensions (Day- Vines & Day-Hairston, 2005). Even for the many African American students who manage to not find themselves subjected to impartial disciplinary practices, tiiey are frequently misinstracted, miscategorized, or underserved (Beachum, Dentith, McCray, & Boyle, 2008; Jackson, 2008; Ferguson, 2001; Obiakor, 2007; Obiakor, Harris-Obiakor, Garza-Nelson, & Randall, 2005). Young Black males, for example, represent 9% of the student population; however they make up 20% of all students enrolled in special education classes. An unfortunate corollary is that they only represent 4% of those in the gifted and talented programs (Thomas & Stevenson, 2009). This unfortunate reality calls attention to the drastic need of colleges, educators, and school leaders, as well as community institutions and organizations to critically review and intervene in these issues in order to eliminate the deprived conditions many African American students are facing in the educational system. Such intervention represents a holistic perspective as to what is needed in order to address the dire circumstances in which many African American students find themselves. More specifically, the Black Church is an appropriate institution within this holistic intervention to help improve some of the said conditions many African American students regularly confront in their matriculation through the educational system. The opening quote by Glaude (2007) reveals the continued need to focus on the self-efficacy of African American students in order to prepare them for the potential racial and class-based hostility tiiey may encounter within their schools (Dantley, 2009; Feagin & Feagin, 1978; Foster, 2009; Perry, 2003; Tatum, 2007). As such, racial and class-based hostility are part of the calculus of the continued lack of success many African American students are experiencing. Additionally, the aforementioned discrepancy in academic achievement can be partiaUy addressed with an increasing emphasis on African American students' self-efficacy. These authors assert that the Black Church has had a significant role in African American's finding solace in the midst of racial discrimination that is endemic throughout this country's history (Quarles, 1987). …
openalex: W183816558 mag: 183816558
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Regulating private Vocational Education and Training (VET) in South Africa: The national development imperative - McGrath, Simon; Akojee, Salim (Africa education review, 2010)
Abstract The skills development imperatives with which the country is charged requires the creative synergy of both the public and private post-school sectors to respond to national development imperatives. This paper explores the nature, form and context of the current private Vocational Education and Training (referred to as the Further Education and Training) sector and the impact of the current regulatory environment that frames its legitimacy in South Africa. By reviewing results of studies into private provision in South Africa, it posits the view that a more enabling regulatory environment is necessary to be more responsive to the needs of a developmental state, understood as one that is required to be responsive to the excluded and vulnerable in society. An understanding of the heterogeneity of the various types of provision forms will provide an important starting point for an enabling regulatory climate that is indeed responsive to those marginalised providers responding to those most in need of skills development.
openalex: W2030075679 mag: 2030075679
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Clinical haematology training in South Africa for Fellows with the primary specialty of Internal Medicine: What’s in a name? - Mlombe, Yohannie (SAMJ. South African medical journal, 2010)
openalex: W1798937348 mag: 1798937348
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Clinical haematology training in South Africa for Fellows with the primary specialty of Internal Medicine - what's in a name? : correspondence - Mlombe, Yohannie (South African Medical Journal, 2010)
To the Editor : Clarity with regard to what training in clinical haematology in South Africa involves and aims to achieve can be elusive. Clinical haematology trainees can have primary specialties of Internal Medicine or Paediatrics or Pathology (Haematology). I discuss the situation of those with the primary specialty of Internal Medicine.
openalex: W2259640972 mag: 2259640972
Keywords: openalex:import

The challenges of access to higher education in the post Polokwane era for the disadvantaged communities in South Africa - Monyae, David (Discourse, 2010)
The Department of Higher Education and Training (DoHET) has embarked on numerous initiatives that will fundamentally reconfigure higher and further education and training in South Africa. The main aim for overhauling the country's education and training sector is to fulfil constitutional imperatives, which are clearly stated in its preamble thus to 'establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights' and to build a 'democratic and open society' in order to 'improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person'. It is within this context that the Minister of Higher Education and Training, Dr Blade Nzimande, appointed a task team that reviewed the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) with the aim to expand funding of deserving students from poor backgrounds. The Minister was also conscious that to build a developmental state, South Africa ought to, 'produce graduates with qualifications and skills'. This short article looks at the history of NSFAS and the struggle for free education in South Africa. Die Departement van Hoer Onderwys en Opleiding (DvHOO) het hele aantal inisiatiewe van stapel gestuur wat hoer en verdere onderwys en opleiding in Suid-Afrika fundamenteel sal verander. Die hoofdoelwit vir die vernuwing van die land se onderwys en opleiding-sektor is om grondwetlike imperatiewe na te kom, wat duidelik in die Aanhef van die Grondwet genoem word om 'n samelewing gegrond op demokratiese waardes, maatskaplike geregtigheid en basiese menseregte te skep'', en om die ''grondslag te le vir demokratiese en oop samelewing waarin ... die lewensgehalte van alle burgers verhoog en die potensiaal van elke mens ontsluit [word]''. Dit is binne hierdie konteks dat die Minister van Hoer Onderwys en Opleiding, dr Blade Nzimande, taakspan aangestel het wat die Nasionale Finansiele Hulpskema vir Studente (NFHS) hersien het met die doel om befondsing van verdienstelike studente uit arm agtergronde uit te brei. Die Minister was ook bewus daarvan dat, om ontwikkelingstaat te bou, Suid-Afrika ''gegradueerdes met kwalifikasies en vaardighede moet oplewer''. Hierdie kort artikel kyk na die geskiedenis van NFHS en die stryd om gratis onderwys in Suid-Afrika. Kgoro ya Thuto ya godimo le Tlhahlo (DoHET) e thomiite ka masolo ka ga maithimolli ao a tla agagolefsa thuto ya godimo le tlhahlo ka Afrika Borwa. Maikemietomagolo a go goga lefapha la naga la thuto le tlhahlo ke go phethagata te bohlokwa kudu ta molaotheo, teo di tweleditwego gabotse ka go matseno a lona e le go 'hloma sethaba seo se theilwego godimo ga mehola ya demokrasi, toka ya leago le ditokelo ta motheo ta botho' le go aga 'sethaba sa demokrasi' gore go 'hlabollwe boleng bja bophelo bja badudi ka moka le go lokolla bokgoni bja motho o mongwe le o mongwe'. Ke ka go kamano ye moo Tona ya Thuto ya godimo le Tlhahlo, Dr Blade Nzimande, a hlomilego sehlophat homo sa go sekaseka Sekema sa Bosethaba sa go thua baithuti ka dithelete (NSFAS) ka maikemieto a go katoloa thekgo ya dithelete go baithuti bao ba twago malapeng a go ihlakela. Tona o be gape a edite gore, gore go agwe seemo sa tlhabollo, Afrika Borwa e swanete go 'tweleta dialoga teo di nago le mangwalo a dithuto le bokgoni'. Taodiwana e kopana ye e lebelela histori ya NSFAS le go katanela go se lefele thuto ka Afrika Borwa. UMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqesha (DoHET) usuphume imikhankaso eminingi ezokwakha kabusha imfundo ephakeme, ephambili kanye nokuqeqesha Eningizimi Afrika. Inhlosongqangi yalokhu kwakhiwa kabusha komkhakha wezemfundo nokuqeqesha Eningizimi Afrika wukufeza izimpoqo zomthethosike, ezibekwe ngokucaca esandulelweni sawo 'sokusungula umphakathi osekelwe amagugu wentando yeniningi, umthetho namalungelo obuntu' kanye 'nokwakha isizwe sentando yeningi futhi esivulelekile' ukuze 'kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempilo yazo zonke izakhamizi futhi kukhululwe okungenzeka kwawo wonke umuntu'. Kuphansi kwale ngqikithi lapho Ungqongqoshe Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqesha, uDkt Blade Nzimande, ajuba ithimba elabuyekeza i-National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) ngenhloso yokuenweba ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwabafundi abidingayo abaphuma emndenini entulayo. Ungqongqoshe wayazi ukuthi ukuze kwakheke izwe elithuthukayo, Iningizimi Afrika kudingeka, 'ikhiqize izifundiswa ezineziqu kanye namakhono'. Le atikili emfishane ibheka umlando we-NSFAS nomzukuzuku wemfundo yamahhala Eningizimi Afrika.
openalex: W1509301322 mag: 1509301322
Keywords: openalex:import

The Relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and Burnout in South African University Students - Morgan, Brandon; Bruin, Karina de (South African Journal of Psychology, 2010)
Research on burnout has tended to explore the organisational factors associated with this condition. However, an important factor that is often overlooked is the relationship between burnout and personality. We explored this relationship in South African university students. The participants completed the Basic Traits Inventory — Short, the Maslach Burnout Inventory — Student Survey and a biographical questionnaire. The results revealed several significant relationships between personality traits and burnout with personality explaining a sizeable degree of variance in burnout. Neuroticism, Extroversion and Conscientiousness demonstrated a relationship with all three burnout constructs (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy). Personality traits explained 13% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 12.8% of the variance in cynicism and 24.8% of the variance in professional efficacy.
openalex: W1970619125 mag: 1970619125
Keywords: openalex:import

Pro-poor urban adaptation to climate change : based on case studies in Kenya and Nicaragua - Moser, Caroline; Georgieva, Sophia V.; Stein, Alfredo; Norton, Andrew (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2010)
Poor urban populations in Southern cities are already experiencing the negative impacts of changing weather patterns associated with climate change and climate variability and future projections suggest that these impacts will get worse. Severe weather patterns, experienced as prolonged droughts, intense rainfall or wind speed cause substantial damage to the assets and well-being of city-dwellers, causing localized flooding, housing damage, economic loss, and posing dangers to health and educational achievement. Yet, severe weather events that do not register as disasters on the national or international screen are rarely addressed in the context of climate change adaptation. Urban governments face a number of constraints to effectively address and build resilience to severe weather: a knowledge constraint (given the scarce evidence of the impact of ongoing severe weather trends), in addition to institutional and fiscal limitations. Since most climate vulnerability research in urban centers has focused on projections and capacity building for disaster events, city adaptation plans, where developed, has also centered on establishing disaster prevention and preparedness systems. This note presents results from field studies of Mombasa, Kenya, and Esteli in Nicaragua looking at the experience of poor urban communities in relation to their changing experience of weather and its impact on their lives. These studies applied a participatory urban methodology by which local city governments and the Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and donors that support them - can address adaptation and resilience to severe weather. It finds that talking to poor urban communities is essential in order to understand the vulnerability and adaptation solutions to severe weather. It also notes that existing financial mechanisms at the city level, including local and community-based organizations, can be used to support low-cost solutions that enhance the resilience of the most vulnerable city-dwellers.
openalex: W244895710 mag: 244895710
Keywords: openalex:import