Pro-Poor Adaptation to Climate Change in Urban Centers: Case Studies of Vulnerability and Resilience in Kenya and Nicaragua - Moser, Caroline; Norton, Andrew; Stein, Alfredo; Georgieva, Sophia V. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
openalex: W3124119739 mag: 3124119739
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Pro-Poor Adaptation to Climate Change in Urban Centers : Case Studies of Vulnerability and Resilience in Kenya and Nicaragua - Moser, Caroline; Norton, Andrew; Stein, Alfredo; Georgieva, Sophia V. (2010)
openalex: W1574137597 mag: 1574137597
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Pro-Poor Urban Adaptation to Climate Change: Based on Case Studies in Kenya and Nicaragua - Moser, Caroline; Norton, Andrew; Stein, Alfredo; Georgieva, Sophia V. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
openalex: W3125073530 mag: 3125073530
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Students' Motivation for Academic literacy Course:The Case of the University of dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Msuya, Erasmus Akiley (중동연구, 2010)
This study sought to find out the university students` motivations for enrolling for academic literacy courses at the University of Dar es Salaam. First year undergraduate students were taken as target population from which a sample of 567 students was picked. This report begins with the notion of motivation for learning a language, the it introduces the study in terms of respondents` profile after which it presents the students` option for Communication skills course, known as CL 106 (which is introductory English for Academic Literacy course), followed by their motivation and then demotivation for the course. The third section is a conclusion.
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RELATIONSHIP OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS WITH BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA: PP.19.223 - Muhire, R Manzi; Rasoloherimampiononi; Slatnik, M; Baganizi, Erick (Journal of Hypertension, 2010)
Objectives: To give information about hypertension prevalence and set cut-off points for anthropometric measures namely Body Mass Index(BMI),Waist Circumference(WC),Waist to hip ratio(WHR) and Waist to Height ratio(WtHR) and their relationship with blood pressure levels in students at National University of Rwanda(NUR). Methodology: This is cross-sectional study of the 118 students at NUR who participated voluntarily in 2008 hypertension study in Huye district.Height,weight,WC,hip circumference,systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) were recorded.Cutoff points considered for BMI,WHR,WtHR and WC were 24 kg/m2,0.86,0.47 and 0.81m respectively.Hypertension was defined based on JNCVII.Comparing non student and student group sites, BP means have been ranked using Non parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests.Linear regression was used to assess if being a student is a risk factor for abnormal range of Blood Pressure levels.Using linear regression analysis; the influence of different anthropometric indicators was assessed on the variance of systolic and diastolic blood pressure clusters. Results: Mean BMI, WHR, WtHR, and WC for students were 18.39, 0.8452, 0.4684 and 0.8041m respectively.Descriptive analysis of BMI revealed that 66 (55.93%) of the study population were classified as underweight and no obese found.Increased WHR was present in 49 subjects (41.53 %) while increased WC was present in 9 students(7.63%)and 21 students had higher WtHR values.Comparing to the non-student group,being a student at NUR did not present with baseline level of risk to develop hypertension.WC and WtHR (p = 0.00)were significantly higher in female (0.81Â ± 0.09 versus 0.80Â ± 0.07; p = 0.00)and (0.48Â ± 0.06 versus 0.46Â ± 0.03) respectively.That was not the case with BMI(p = 0.07) and WHR(p = 0.44).There was no significant difference of all anthropometric indices compared to both clusters of SBP and DBP levels(respectively, p = 0.49 and 0.85).In a comparison of 4 hypertensive students(3.39%) with the rest of the population,no relationship was found during the study period controlled for WC,BMI, WHR, and WtHR (p = 0.15, 0.51, 0.46 and 0.28 respectively) Conclusions: The obesity related anthropometric indices are rare in our study population and they are not the major contributive factors to developing Hypertension in students at National University of Rwanda.
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Civil society, basic education, and sector-wide aid: insights from Sub-Saharan Africa - Mundy, Karen; Haggerty, Megan; Sivasubramaniam, Malini; Cherry, Suzanne; Maclure, Richard (Development in Practice, 2010)
Emerging trends in reforms of education-sector plans indicate a shift not only in how foreign aid is disbursed, but also in how civil-society actors engage in new policy and advocacy roles. This contribution examines these changing civil-society roles in four countries: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Mali, and Tanzania. While sector-wide approaches have created new opportunities for civil-society participation at the national level, this research suggests that sector reforms have also presented significant challenges for engagement with government and donors. This research emphasises the need for a transparent, regularised, and democratic process for the inclusion of civil-society organisations at the policy table.
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The role of religious education in the promotion of girls' educational rights in peri-urban schools : a case study of Chingola District in Zambia - Musongole, Dyless Witola (2010)
openalex: W1592124119 mag: 1592124119
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Piaget, Vygotsky, and the Cultural Development of the Notions of Possibility and Necessity: An Experimental Study among Rural South African Learners - Muthivhi, Azwihangwisi E. (South African Journal of Psychology, 2010)
I employ the theories of Vygotsky and Piaget in analysing the modes of experimental task performance in order to elaborate on the role that cultural content plays in the development and functioning of the notions of possibility and necessity. I challenge the notion of cognitive lag that has hitherto pervaded explanations of the development of subjects from non-industrialised, diverse socio-cultural settings. A Piagetian experimental task, comprising half circles of contrasting colours, is used in the investigation. One of these half circles, covered with tinfoil, is assumed to be either red or green in colour but not knowable in advance, and it is used as a basis for hypothesising about the possible colour values of circles that could be made from combining this half with the uncovered one. Eighty Venda-speaking learners, 20 learners from each of four grades (Grades 1, 3, 5, and 7), with ages ranging from an average 6.5 years in Grade 1 to 12.5 years in Grade 7, participated in the study. The results reveal that learners, although functioning at the operational level of thinking, employ both concrete-functional and formal-abstract and conceptual modes of thinking at the same time. Thus the concept of possibility is conceptualised as constituting both its concrete, functional form (involving a conception of the possible as the possible-real) and its formal, conceptual form (involving the conception of the possible as a hypothetical state of affairs, disembedded from its concrete context of problem manifestation and involving holding two or more cognitive categories constant during problem solving).
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Specialty preferences among medical students in a Kenyan university - Mwachaka, Philip Maseghe; Mbugua, Eric Thuo (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
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A Discursive Formation that Undermined Integration at a Historically Advantaged School in South Africa. - Naidoo, Devika (Perspectives in Education, 2010)
This paper provides an analysis of the extent of integration at a historically advantaged school. A qualitative multi-method case study allowed for in-depth analysis of integration in the school. Bernstein's theory of code, classification, boundary and power framed the study. Data analysis showed that : racial desegregation was achieved at student and level one staff level and lacking at management and administrative staff level; staffing integration was minimal; institutional culture integration was not evident; social boundaries enacted maintained previous race based power relations; weaker boundaries between instrumental and non-instrumental forms of knowledge legitimised students' experiences and interests but did not facilitate access to non-instrumental forms of knowledge and thinking; the dominant discursive frame of teachers was one of student deficit. These regularities point to a discursive formation (Foucault, 1977) that undermine integration and would reproduce previous racialised inequalities. Finally, an explanation of the discursive formation is touched on followed by recommendations.
openalex: W296712628 mag: 296712628
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Human Resource Management in School Administration in Delta State Nigeria - Nakpodia, E. D. (Journal of Social Sciences, 2010)
The purpose for this study was to examine the usefulness of Human Resource Management in the administration of secondary schools in Nigeria. To guide the investigation the researcher raised research question and formulated one hypothesis in the study. A sample of fifty-six schools was selected from a total population of 278 schools in the Delta North Senatorial District through the stratified random sampling technique. In these fifty – six schools, there was a total of 5,315 staff from which a further selection of 1,063 staff, representing 20% of the target population were the subject of the study. A questionnaire was used in collecting data which were analyzed using percentage and Z – test statistic. The result of the findings revealed that human resources undergo different forms of training. The result also revealed that there is a significance difference between the performance of human resources in relation to students’ academic performance. It was therefore concluded that school personnel should undergo training and attend regular workshops and seminars. Also that the performance of human resources have considerable effects on students academic performance. The researcher therefore recommended that the human resources in schools who are not trained professional staff should be advised to go for Post Graduate Diploma in Education to acquire teaching skills. They should be made to understand the importance of appropriate teaching methods for specific subject areas as they help the staff perform more effectively.
openalex: W2185252667 mag: 2185252667
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Climate Change and Gender What role for agricultural research among smallholder farmers in Africa - Nelson, Valerie (2010)
openalex: W2114180374 mag: 2114180374
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An evaluation of the Rwandan trilingual policy in some nursery and primary schools in Kigali City - Niyibizi, Epimaque (2010)
openalex: W128475714 mag: 128475714
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The fit between government language policies and institutional language policies : the case of indigenous languages in the South African higher education system - Nkuna, Paul Hendry (2010)
openalex: W1583115147 mag: 1583115147
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A descriptive analysis of the differences between two of the SMME categories in relation to entrepreneurial orientation, age and levels of education in South Africa - Noma, Bulelwa (2010)
openalex: W185555502 mag: 185555502
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Access to Academic Advising and Counselling of Pupils in Public Primary Schools in South East, Nigeria - Nwokolo, Chinyelu; Anyamene, Ada; Oraegbunam, Ngozi M.; Anyachebelu, Ebele; Okoye, Angelina; Obineli, Amaka S. (Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, 2010)
This study investigated the extent to which pupils have access to academic advising and counselling in South East public primary schools in Nigeria.The subjects for the study comprise 1768 counsellors drawn from all the Public Primary Schools in the five states that constituted the South East, Nigeria.The instrument was validated by two experts in Guidance and Counselling one from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka and another one from Ebonyi State University, Abakiliki all in Nigeria.A test-retest method of reliability was used and a reliablity co-efficient of 0.83 was obtained.Mean scores and z-test statistics were used in data analysis.The result included that there is no significant impact of academic advising and counselling services from two out of five States studied.Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that Government should provide counseling centers in all the Public Primary Schools to avail the Pupils of academic advising and counselling for better academic performance amongst others
openalex: W2470232026 mag: 2470232026
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Medical Ethics Education: A Survey of Opinion of Medical Students in a Nigerian University - Ogundiran, Temidayo O.; Adebamowo, Clement (Journal of Academic Ethics, 2010)
openalex: W1964234483 mag: 1964234483
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A survey of perceived stress, intimidation, harassment and well-being of resident doctors in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. - Ogunsemi, OO; Alebiosu, OC; Shorunmu, OT (PubMed, 2010)
Stress levels of residency are under-reported in Nigeria despite the importance of well-being during residency training. We investigated the level of perceived stress, intimidation/harassment, mental health and well being among resident doctors.This was a cross sectional questionnaire survey of all residents in training in a Nigerian teaching hospital located in south western part ofNigeria.The response rate was 80.6% (58 out of 72). Forty three (74.1%) of the respondents were males. The mean age was 35.7 +/- 2.8 years (range = 31-43 yeas). The mean number of working hours was 8.8/ hours/week. Fifty percent of residents reported their life was stressful. There were gender differences in conditions like work situation, residency programme, employment status, personal and family safety, caring for children and discrimination in favour of men. Some residents resorted to the use of alcohol (5.2%), cigarette (1.7%), drugs and medications (8.6%) to handle stress. A greater majority of the residents (61.4%) would pursue another career if they had to do it all over, while 34.5% would consider changing to another teaching hospital for their residency. Many residents reported experiencing intimidation and harassment. Eighteen (31%) of the residents admitted to have had emotional or mental health problems during the residency program. About 29% will require further screening for depression, 21.6% for panic disorder, 15.8% for generalized anxiety, 9.3% for social phobia and 8.8% for agoraphobia. The study design however did not allow prediction of proportion of individuals who had mental challenges, nor allow comparison of such rates to the normal population in the country.Many residents experience significant stressors and intimidation/harassment, some of which differ among gender. This study can serve as a pilot for future research, resource application and advocacy for overall improvements of the well-being of residents in training.
openalex: W1579917886 mag: 1579917886
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Free primary education still excludes the poorest of the poor in urban Kenya - Oketch, Moses; Ngware, Moses (Development in Practice, 2010)
The Kenyan government introduced free primary education in 2003 in order to universalise access to primary education. Although the policy allows universal coverage, it ought to benefit the poor most as they are the ones who were excluded from the education sector before the policy was introduced. Using household-survey data collected in Nairobi, this contribution assesses the impact of the policy on schooling outcomes of the poor. The findings reveal that the free primary-education policy in Kenya still excludes the poorest of the poor.
openalex: W2144523314 mag: 2144523314
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Capacity Building and Training for Peace Operations and Conflict Resolution in East Africa - Oloo, Adams (2010)
Confl icts in Africa bear certain unique characteristics predominantly embedded in their root causes, intensity, duration (often too long), escalation and their propensity to spill over to neighboring states. Although the recent creation of the African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council (PSC) led to concerted efforts by African states to search for peace on the continent, the commitment of African people to mitigate their own confl icts is not a recent endeavour: the continent has been grappling with the issue since the beginning of the post-colonial period, yet positive results have persistently remained elusive. Capacity-building and training in conf l ict resolution can make an important contribution to the management of confl ict in East Africa.
openalex: W2187063354 mag: 2187063354
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Education Infrastructure and Unsustainable Development in Africa - Olutayo, Akinpelu Olanrewaju (Human Affairs, 2010)
Education Infrastructure and Unsustainable Development in Africa Rather than creating the appropriate social relations for the means of production, the perspective on development in Africa has hinged on "infrastructure for development" thus leading to underdevelopment. This is because the social relation of infrastructure for development is parasitic and thus cannot reproduce itself. What it does is to accumulate primitive capital for conspicuous consumption rather than the creation of reproductive capital. Consequently, a dependency relation with the source(s) of primitive capital accumulation is almost inevitable if the dominant group in the relationship, with its foundation in the acquisition of formal education, is to continue to subsist. Ironically, this incapacitates the subordinate group(s) as their recruitment processes are conditioned by the powerful ideological state, now global, apparatuses. The paper shows how this process works through the empirical examples of the acclaimed "success" story of Botswana and the perceived "failed" state of Nigeria.
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Education and Emancipation: An African Philosophical Perspective - Omotoso, Sharon Adetutu (The Journal of Pan-African Studies, 2010)
Abstract The concepts of education as well as emancipation are a veritable cauldron of interpretations and perspectives. This paper examines the nexus between education and emancipation from an African philosophical perspective. It establishes that while it is generally conceded in many quarters that education is necessarily related to emancipation, the nature of such relationship, (as to whether it is symmetrical, asymmetrical or non-symmetrical) has not been clearly articulated. In filling this vacuum, the paper not only examines the conceptual underpinnings of education and emancipation respectively, but establishes de facto that only an eclectic educational system consisting of indigenous African knowledge system and Western education can bring about holistic emancipation in contemporary Africa. Contrary to contemporary despise and neglect of indigenous knowledge system to the recluse, the paper makes case for an integration of indigenous knowledge system with other plausible forms of education in the contemporary African quest for emancipation. Introduction The search for enlightenment and survival gave birth to education. Before the development of reading and writing, preliterate people were surrounded with other humans, animals and natural forces which made each one to struggle to survive against the other. They began to generate things that can make their lives better; these entail gathering food and providing shelter, making weapons and other tools: such skills became the cultural and educational blueprint of people, and then they began to share information about learning language; and acquiring the values, behaviour, and religious practices. This has been transmitted from adults to children so that it could continue from generation to generation. The preliterate society shows that education has existed since antiquity and traditional African societies are not exempted. But, was education then the same thing as education now? What is education? What does emancipation connote? Was it an instrument of emancipation as it is now or not? Is one a necessarily a means to the other? How can contemporary African societies be emancipated from the shackles of ignorance, poverty, disease, social disorder, moral and political strife? Answers to these and other related questions are provided in the rest of the paper. The Concept of Education Akinpelu (1969:184) describes education as an initiation into a worthwhile activity. Williams Frankena (1973:21) states that education takes place 'when 'X' is fostering or seeking to foster in 'Y' some dispositions 'D' by method 'M'. By this Frankena posits that education involves two sets of people; the teacher and the learner. Education has been classified as formal, non-formal and informal. It is formal when teachers instruct students in courses of study in an organised institution, and informal when a learner is exposed to the general social process of obtaining the knowledge and skills needed to operate in a particular culture or society. By this classification, African style of education can be categorised as both informal and non-formal education and it is called 'indigenous knowledge'. This according to Jayeola-Omoyeni (2009:265) comprise all the indigenous activities such as intellectual, moral, physical and vocational training fostered... for an all round education and development of the children, adults, groups of individuals and the various communities. However Rodney (2000: 262) succeeded in clarifying that '... some aspects of African education were formal: that is to say, there was a specific programme and a conscious division between teachers and pupils.... The programmes of teaching were restricted to certain periods in the life of every individual, notably, the period of initiation or 'coming of age'. And also, Sophie Oluwole (2000:98) captures a clearer picture of this by emphasising the need to refute the claim that African education is informal; doing this makes it unjust for any foreigner to so regard African education. …
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THE PERSISTENCE OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM) AND ITS IMPACT ON WOMEN'S ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY OF KURIA DISTRICT, NYANZA PROVINCE, KENYA - Ondiek, Concellia Aoko (2010)
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Examining some aspects of alternative basic education programmes in Ethiopia - Onwu, Gilbert O.M.; Agu, Augustine Obeleagu (Perspectives in Education, 2010)
This study examines some aspects of the quality of Alternative Basic Education (ABE) provision in Ethiopia. Educational indicators of quality were formulated under two general topic areas of ABE programme process and content, and pupil learning outcomes. A qualitative-interpretative research approach and survey design was used to collect data from primary and secondary sources and to provide separate case descriptions of the five regions and two city administrations studied. The study’s main findings give clear indication of a broad spread of ABE conceptions and practices in ABE Centres in Ethiopia. The approaches and experiences of the five participating regions reveal factors that have an impact on quality ABE delivery, as well as measures that can improve quality if supported with an appropriate institutional environment.
openalex: W63729176 mag: 63729176
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Preserving Information-Bearing Material in Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria - Ovowoh, Robert Orotomah; Iwhiwhu, Basil Enemute (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction Libraries acquire material to meet the informational or recreational needs of its clientele. It is the responsibility of the library staff to keep these materials in good physical condition so they are available for users at all times. Materials in many libraries and archives throughout the country are still housed in conditions that leave much to be desired. A large portion of information recorded on audio or videotape about important events, people, etc., has been routinely wiped out in our electronic media houses. This is a sad situation and one that is found in many institutions throughout Nigeria. The deterioration of information-bearing material has a long history. Unless something is done to stop the process, library collections deteriorate and will continue to deteriorate. This is a battle that has to be waged against the deterioration of our heritage. Preservation and conservation of these materials is imperative. Preservation is the action taken to anticipate, prevent, stop, or slow deterioration. It can also be described as the art of anticipating and preventing decay (Baker, 1981). Conservation is an act of preservation, protecting and shielding material from destructive influences that shorten their life span (Obike, 1990). The library plays a crucial role of protecting and preserving information-bearing materials from distortion, deterioration, and eventual loss. Academic libraries acquire information resources to meet the needs of their community. More and more people use the collections as a result of increasing enrolments in higher education. There are shortages and decline in book budgets arising from the poor funding of the institutions as well as the high cost of books and other information resources. As a result, the libraries are left with damaged books, distorted tapes, scratched CDs, etc. Literature Review Preservation is a pressing concern for librarians in all parts of the world. They realize the need to preserve the world's memories. In Nigeria, however, has yet to take its actual place in most academic libraries. The reason for this is a lack of funding. Madubuike (1998) emphasizes the significant role that libraries play in the social, economic, and political development of a nation. They are the intellectual brickyards of our civilizations, fundamental to survival and growth. It is important to take adequate care of library resources. Limited funds, low-quality book production, and a high exchange rate are some reasons why of library collections is essential. Alhassan, in Edhebe (2004), gives reasons why materials should be preserved and conserved in the academic libraries: * There has been a drastic reduction in the allocation of funds for books, limiting the library's ability to acquire new material. Journals, which carry the latest findings by researchers, are the worst hit. This makes of existing collections essential. * More than 90 percent of library material is foreign publications. The high foreign exchange rate is a problem, and therefore librarians must preserve material they have already acquired Library materials must last as long as possible, and be preserved for active use for the next generation. An old book, whatever its subject or quality, is truly a portion of history. We may imitate it or print it in facsimile, but we can never exactly reproduce it. Alegbeleye (1993) quoting Benedon, argue that in today's environment of advanced technology and dependence upon communications, information has joined capital, labour, and materials as the ingredients of a successful enterprise. Unfortunately, as important as information is, its effective management and have often been accorded a low priority in libraries. Mazikana (1993) states unequivocally that the preservation and conservation scene in Africa [is] in a dismal state for the following reasons: * Many buildings housing library and archival materials are grossly inappropriate, as they were built at a time when and conservation was not an important issue. …
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First‐Generation African American Male College Students: Implications for Career Counselors - Owens, Delila; Lacey, Krim K.; Rawls, Glinda; Holbert-Quince, Jo Anne (The Career Development Quarterly, 2010)
The path to upward mobility or economic success for African American men is often filled with obstacles and roadblocks. Many first‐generation African American men entering colleges and universities face limited resources and opportunities to aid in their career development and efforts to meet their career objectives. This article explores the career development needs of African American men attending colleges and universities. The article provides suggestions, techniques, and strategies that career counselors and student affairs personnel can use to assist these African American men in their career development. Implications for career counselors are also addressed.
openalex: W2028695318 mag: 2028695318
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Justification for Reform in Library and Information Science Education in Nigerian Universities - Ozioko, Reuben Ejike; Nwabueze, Anthonia U. (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction Education helps define the life, values, political culture, and economic power of a nation. Knowledge, skills, norms, and values of responsible citizenship are inculcated through education. It is through education that the human resource capital of a nation is harnessed and deployed for development. As a nation, we often focus on projects like roads, housing, water, and power. According to Jumaid (2008) we must bear in mind that we need: * An educated workforce to build those roads, bridges, and houses. * Educated people to staff hospitals * Educated people to run our information centres, communication networks, and factories. * Educated policy-makers and administrators * Educated leaders for tomorrow. Without education, we have no society, no democracy, and no future. Nations like Singapore, China, and India readily admit that an improved education system was critical to their development process. They made education a priority focus, because they realized that without education could be no economic leap. There is no doubt that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has found its niche in education. Developments in the education sector in developed and developing countries attest to the fact that ICT has become a central focus of many countries' educational policies and such, its use and integration has become widespread in the various school systems. The increasing trend of the use of ICT in classroom work across the globe has been necessitated by three major factors: * Electronic technological devices are being used to prepare the present generation of young people for a future workplace that will undoubtedly be characterized by information technology (IT). Preparing students and the wider citizenry for tomorrow's world can only be done through a careful use of ICT tools, computers, Internet spreadsheets and databases. * ICT tools makes schools more efficient in the teaching-learning enterprise. Classroom teachers' personal professional development and academic productivity have been greatly enhanced. * ICT tools are being used to improve, reform or renovate teaching and learning. Learners are stimulated to learn actively either on an independent basis or working closely with others. (Olorundare, 2007). With the advent of ICT, library and information providers, especially in the developed countries, have been able to serve patrons not only face to face but also virtually. Library and Information science curricula have been under constant review in order to meet the requirements of ICT in the electronic age. The case is different in Nigeria. Library systems here are largely dominated by conservative and unproductive practices. However, with the wind of reform now blowing across the various sectors and sub-sectors of the economy, library and information science should not be left out. The Concept of Reform Reform as it applies to education connotes the efforts made by stakeholders, especially the government, towards making the educational process more effective, functional, and productive. Achunine (2006) sees the educational reforms, as a comprehensive reworking or rebuilding of the educational system for the ultimate purpose of improving teaching and learning. Reform is in some cases required to as restructuring. Restructuring refers to changing the system of rules, relationship and roles that govern the way, time, people, knowledge, skills, space and technology are used. The goal of restructuring is to preserve and build upon what has been successful in the process of educating our children and more so to re-think and redesign those aspects of the enterprise that have either failed or become obsolete. To Adepoju and Olaniji (1997) educational reform and innovation are synonymous with the injection of new ideas, methods and techniques or strategies into educational system so as to improve both internal and external efficiency and arrangements of the system and more of development social cultural, political, economic or technological. …
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From policy to curriculum in South African vocational teacher education: a comparative perspective - Papier, Joy (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2010)
This article analyses recent national policy on further education and training (FET) college lecturer development in South Africa in the light of more established curricula and practice for the training of vocational teachers internationally. The policy published by the national Department of Education suggests standards for college teaching which encompass academic competence, work experience and pedagogic competence. However, qualifications are yet to be designed, developed and offered by universities and other providers that hold responsibility for teacher education. The article explores local and global vocational teacher education (VTE) policies and curricula in an attempt to highlight the agreed‐upon elements of curricula that could pave the way for South African policy on vocational lecturer development to be implemented.
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Perceived Opportunities and Barriers to Employment in the Football Coaching Profession: Differences between NCAA Division I-A African-American and Caucasian Football Student-Athletes - Park, S. Roger; Tomasini, Nathan; Shields, Edgar W. (International journal of applied sports sciences, 2010)
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Towards gender equality : South African schools during the HIV and AIDS epidemic, R. Morell, D. Epstein, E. Unterhalter, D. Bhana and R. Moletsane : book review - Pillay, Venitha (Perspectives in Education, 2010)
I have rarely been bombarded almost simultaneously by so many emotions as I was in reading this book. As a gender activist I felt deeply sad to once again face the realisation that violence against girls and women in South Africa remains a daily experience for far too many. I felt my heart torn out as I read the story of the little girl who was raped in grade one and I was filled with frustration towards the her mother who was angry with her for becoming sexually active at so early an age. I could explain the mother's feelings but as a mother myself I could find no fit in such explanation. I wished I could hold this little angel tightly in my arms and love her profusely and take away her hurt. But I could not and I felt helpless. The boys who conflate rape and the sexual act with the emotion of loving, young men who thought it was their right to appropriate sex angered me. I was heartened to hear the stories of some boys who showed respect for the girls in their school. I admired those teachers who worked against all odds to offer care and guidance to their learners. I was happy to know that there were teachers who put their hearts on the line, despite those who sought refuge in distancing. Most of all I felt helpless and heartbroken that so many beautiful young women and men live in daily fear of being raped and violently assaulted by people they know and sometimes love. As the authors themselves suggest the book is about both hope and despair (p 168).
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Methamphetamine use, aggressive behavior and other mental health issues among high-school students in Cape Town, South Africa - Plüddemann, Andreas; Flisher, Alan J.; McKetin, Rebecca; Parry, Charles D. H.; Lombard, Carl (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2010)
Methamphetamine use has become a growing problem in a number of countries over the past two decades, but has only recently emerged in South Africa. This study investigated the prevalence of methamphetamine use among high-school students in Cape Town and whether students reporting methamphetamine use were more likely to be at risk for mental health and aggressive behavior problems.A cross-sectional survey of 15 randomly selected high schools in Cape Town, of 1561 males and females grade 8-10 students (mean age 14.9), was conducted using the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Findings indicated that 9% of the students had tried methamphetamine at least once. Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that methamphetamine use in the past year was significantly associated with higher aggressive behavior scores (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.04-3.15, p<0.05), mental health risk scores (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.26-3.31, p<0.01) and depression scores (OR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.64-4.28, p<0.001).Methamphetamine use has become a serious problem in Cape Town, particularly among adolescents. Screening adolescents in school settings for methamphetamine use and behavior problems may be useful in identifying youth at risk for substance misuse, providing an opportunity for early intervention. These findings have implications for other parts of the world where methamphetamine use may be occurring at younger ages and highlight the importance of looking at co-morbid issues related to methamphetamine use.
openalex: W2077992585 mag: 2077992585
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The Relationship between Skills Training and Retention of Graduate Interns in a South Africa Information, Communication and Technology Company - Pop, Carva; Barkhuizen, Nicolene (Literacy information and computer education journal, 2010)
Substantial costs are associated with attrition of key talent in South African organizations.As a result, organisations invest in graduate internship programmes to attract and retain high calibre graduate interns.The main objective of the research was to determine whether soft skills and technical skills training, as part of a graduate internship programme, contributed to the retention of graduate interns in a South African Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) company.An exploratory, ex post facto research design was followed.A soft skills, technical skills and retention survey were administered among a purposive selected sample of graduate interns (N=79) and mentors (N=39) in a South African ICT company.Both groups of participants indicated that the soft skills presented in the training are important.Combined, the respondents identified verbal communication, self-motivation, teamwork and goal directedness as the most important soft skills for graduate employability.Results further showed that the technical skills training contributed to a large extent to the employability of the graduate intern.Technical skills training were also significantly related to the graduate intern's intention to quit the internship programme.In conclusion, the current graduate internship programme focuses on the majority of employability soft skills required for the acquisition and retention of a job.Practical training is therefore important for the application of knowledge and to enhance graduate employability.
openalex: W2913170087 mag: 2913170087
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College Students' Perceptions of Equal Opportunity for African Americans and Race-Based Policy: Do Diversity Course Requirements Make a Difference? - Radloff, Timothy D (College student journal, 2010)
The empirical goal of this study was to examine whether or not diversity course graduation requirements at a Midwest university reduce racial prejudice and increase support for race-based policy. 128 undergraduate students enrolled in diversity courses completed measures of equal opportunity for African Americans, modern racism, and opposition to race-based policy two weeks before the semester ended. I predicted that those students who had already completed the diversity course graduation requirements would be less likely to believe that there is equal opportunity for African Americans and would support race-based policy. As predicted, modern racism was not only lower in students who fulfilled the university's diversity requirement for graduation, but these students were also more likely to support race-based policy ********** Over a decade ago, President Clinton's Advisory Board on Race and Racial Reconciliation identified educational institutions as having the potential to improve race relations by addressing issues of racial disparities, racial inclusion, social justice, and equality for the 21st century (Advisory Board, 1998). One initiative that is widely practiced today in universities and colleges across the nation is the requirement of undergraduate students to take diversity or multicultural courses. The Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU Chang, 2002; Hogan & Mallott, 2005). Social scientists and student affairs practitioners are focusing their attention on strategies for reducing racial prejudice as a method of reducing the potential for interracial tension and conflict (Hu & Kuh, 2003 Marullo, 1998; Ortiz & Rhoads, 2000). Indeed, a growing number of empirical studies have shown that efforts to diversify the curriculum have contributed to a positive change in racial attitudes and commitment to improving racial understanding (Nesbitt, 2004; Chang, 2002; Hurtado, Milem, Clayton-Pedersen, & Allen, 1999; Springer, Palmer, Terenzini, Pascarella, & Nora, 1996). But on the other hand, empirical studies have also revealed that even though there has been a decline in racial prejudice toward African Americans, whites still hold negative stereotypes of African Americans and oppose race-based policy to reduce racial inequality (Bobo, 2000; Hughes, 1997; Sears, van Laar, Carrillo, & Kosterman, 1997). Furthermore, implementing race-based policies would violate basic norms of meritocracy in our society about the proper allocation of social rewards. Consequently, whites have negative perceptions of African Americans for making illegitimate demands on the racial status quo (Hughes, 1997). There has been very little evaluation and assessment research on measuring the educational effects of diversity course requirements on prejudice reduction and support for race-based policy. In fact, most studies only measured the educational effect of one diversity course on racial attitudes (Chang, 2002; Hogan and Malott, 2005). In a recent study that used the Modern Racism Scale, Hogan and Mallott (2005) concluded that completion of a racial diversity course had no effect on undergraduate students' feelings of resentment toward African Americans. In addition, Hogan and Mallott's (2005) research findings indicated that diversity education had only a temporary effect on reducing students' opposition toward race-based policies that promote racial equality. However, Hogan and Mallott (2005) examined the effect of only one diversity course on racial attitudes and in doing so, did not examine the possibility that completing more than one diversity course (i. …
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Adult Education and Community Capacity Building: The Case of African-Australian Women in the Northern Territory - Saffu, Susana Akua (The Australasian review of African studies, 2010)
The Northern Territory (NT) is the smallest settlement location for migrants and refugees in Australia. Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of Sub-Saharan African women migrants and refugees in the NT. This influx has generated a range of government and community responses to build these African migrants and refugees' capacity to integrate into their host community. This article is inspired by the author's personal experience as an African immigrant woman and an adult educator, and it is informed by her doctoral study in progress with 23 African-Australian migrant and refugee women in the NT as participants. The study uses qualitative methods informed by feminist perspectives to explore how these women utilize adult education techniques to build their capacity to integrate into wider Australian society. It examines the underlying reasons why the participants engage in adult education, and their experiences of struggles and achievements. It reports on preliminary findings which indicate that education is a potent force which has enabled the participants to find meaning in the challenges of their existence. The stories of the participants attest to empowerment and hope, which can inform opportunities and educational pathways offered to other migrant and refugee groups in Australia and elsewhere.
openalex: W309689289 mag: 309689289
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[Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a teaching hospital in Lomé, Togo: retrospective study of 89 cases]. - Saka, Bayaki; Kombaté, K.; Mouhari-Touré, A.; Akakpo, S.; Tchangaï-Walla, K.; Pitché, P. (PubMed, 2010)
The purpose of this study was to document epidemiological features, outcomes, and aetiologies of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a teaching hospital in Lomé, Togo.A retrospective study of patients with SJS/TEN treated from January 2002 to April 2009 in a teaching hospital in Lomé was conducted.During the study period, 89 patients were treated for SJS/TEN, i.e., SJS in 76 cases, TEN in 9, and overlapping SJS/TEN in 4. Mean age was 30.3 +/- 13.4 years and sex ratio (M/F) was 0.7. Serological testing for HIV was carried out in 75 patients and was positive in 41 (54.6%) including 36 patients with SJS, 3 with TEN and 2 with overlapping SJS/TEN. A total of 9 patients died including 4 with SJS, 4 with TEN and one with overlapping SJS/TEN. Six of the patients who died were HIV-infected. Complications included blindness in 3 cases, moderate dry eye syndrome in 1, vaginal synechiae in 2, synechiae of labial commeasures in 1, and hypertrophic scars in 1. Antibacterial sulphonamides (50.6%) were the most commonly implicated drugs followed by nevirapine (23.6%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (5.6%), and anti-epileptic medications (3.4%).Our results also document the high frequency of nevirapine as a new SJS/TEN cause unrelated to antibacterial sulphonamides. With increasing access to HIV medication in sub-Saharan Africa countries, practitioners should take these data into account for patient monitoring.
openalex: W28950224 mag: 28950224
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Education matching in Egyptian colleges and the Gale-Shapley algorithm : theoretical comparison with policy perspectives - Selim, Tarek H.; Salem, Sherif Gamal (African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 2010)
Central to the success of education policy in emerging and developing nations is the study of the economic and distributional efficiency of student placement in higher-education colleges and universities. We study student placement in Egyptian colleges under the current demand / supply placement mechanism implemented in Egypt e-mechanism) and compare to the Gale-Shapley algorithm from an economic efficiency point of view. The efficiency criterion is modeled on three grounds: (1) Pareto efficiency, (2) fair matching, and (3) strategy proofness. We show that the e-mechanism is neither Pareto efficient nor strategy proof and, moreover, it cannot be improved to accommodate Pareto efficiency and strategy proofness simultaneously. The paper concludes that it is economically more efficient to adopt the Gale-Shapley algorithm in students' placement for Egyptian colleges. However, this conclusion is contingent on rational choice and complete information on minimum acceptable scores. This conclusion can be extended to other nations with similar socio-economic characteristics, especially African and other developing countries, who adopt higher education subsidies as part of their national economic policy.
openalex: W1564468887 mag: 1564468887
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Africa and India: What Do We Have to Learn from Each Other? - Sen, Amartya (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
There is a great deal that can be learnt from the respective successes andsuccesses of Africa and India in different fields and this is what is presented in this paper.[Working Paper 19]
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GJB2 mutation spectrum in 209 hearing impaired individuals of predominantly Caribbean Hispanic and African descent - Shan, Jidong; Chobot-Rodd, Janie; Castellanos, Raquel; Babcock, Melanie; Shanske, Alan; Parikh, Sanjay R.; Morrow, Bernice E.; Samanich, Joy (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2010)
The purpose of the study is to determine whether Caribbean Hispanic and African admixture populations have a paucity of mutations in GJB2, encoding connexin 26. We reported the paucity of mutations in GJB2 and deletions in GJB6 in Caribbean Hispanic and African admixture populations in the Bronx, NY, in 2007 [1]. We have now collected 102 additional probands with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment (NSHI), for a total of 209. We describe here a presentation of the combined data. Of the 209 probands, 36% have affected family members with NSHI and the rest have sporadic occurrence. Of the familial cases, 43% had a first-degree relative affected, and the remainder a more distant relative. The hearing impairment ranged from unilateral mild to bilateral profound, with 76% exhibiting bilateral NSHI (BLNSHI). The single coding exon of the GJB2 gene was sequenced in 209 probands, PCR screening for del(GJB6-D13S1830) and sequencing of the non-coding exon of GJB2 to look for the known splice site mutation was performed in 32 NSHI patients with a heterozygous variation in GJB2, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) testing of GJB2 and GJB6 exon deletions or amplifications (P163 GJB-WFS1 kit) was done in 70 probands. Eight unrelated individuals had biallelic GJB2 mutations, representing 4% of our entire cohort, or 5% of our probands with BLNSHI. Of 127 probands of Hispanic or African descent with BLNSHI, six (4.7%) had biallelic pathogenic mutations, three (2.3%) had monoallelic mutations and 118 (93%) had no disease-causing mutations in GJB2. At the same time, no major deletions were identified either by PCR screening (del(GJB6-D13S1830)) or by MLPA analysis (GJB2 or GJB6), and no subjects had the known splice site mutation in GJB2. These results demonstrate that GJB2 is not the major contributor to the genetic basis of NSHI for the Bronx minority admixture populations.
openalex: W2067320201 mag: 2067320201
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School culture and academic performance of the girl child in Primary schools: case study Matete East Division of Matete District in Kenya - Simatwa, Isaac; Wafula (2010)
A Dissertation Submitted to the Institute of Distance and Open Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor’s Degree in Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3035802418 mag: 3035802418
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Re‐orienting internationalisation in African higher education - Singh, Mala (Globalisation, societies and education (Print), 2010)
In both policy and research contexts, internationalisation in African higher education is welcomed for its potential to strengthen local capacity and cautioned against for its potential to extend long‐standing asymmetries of power in international partnerships. This paper examines two sets of developments which seek to re‐orient internationalisation to allow for greater local control, local focus and local benefit. The one relates to a more formalised policy, planning and research approach to internationalisation and the other pertains to an intra‐regional form of internationalisation under the influence of the Bologna process. The paper explores prospects for internationalisation on the continent to yield more equal North–South partnerships and to support the revitalisation agenda and its development priorities in higher education. It suggests that continuing lack of local capacity, continuing structural inequalities in partnerships, and insufficient interrogation of dominant concepts and models of internationalisation may still pose problems in moving towards an alternative internationalisation politics in African higher education.
openalex: W1967091543 mag: 1967091543
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Pedagogical Practices of Business Studies Teachers in Botswana Junior Secondary Schools: Are Teachers and Curriculum Planners Singing from the Same Hymnbook? - Sithole, Burman Musa (2010)
This study was conducted to determine the extent to which the teaching practices of Business Studies teachers in Botswana junior secondary schools conform to pedagogical practices recommended by curriculum planners. The findings of this study suggest that teachers and curriculum planners are not singing from the same hymnbook, thus, the pedagogical practices of Business Studies teachers are at variance with the expectations of the curriculum planners. Teacher-centred pedagogy is the dominant mode of instruction used to teach Business Studies in Botswana junior secondary schools despite the fact that curriculum planners advocate for a paradigm shift from teaching to learning through the employment of learner-centred entrepreneurial-directed teaching methods. The study concludes with the recommendation that, for pedagogical practices of business teachers to be aligned with those prescribed by curriculum planners, educational authorities and school administrators should put in place support structures aimed at monitoring and ensuring that the delivery of business education is done according to the stipulated business curriculum standards as well as enforcing the fulfillment of pedagogical practices set in the syllabi.
openalex: W2143718504 mag: 2143718504
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The Reconstitution of Privilege: Integration in Former White Schools in South Africa - Soudien, Crain (Journal of Social Issues, 2010)
This article draws upon ongoing school-based work to examine the nature of the integration process in South African schools, and its significance for redrawing the lines of privilege and subordination in South Africa. Focusing on former White schools, the article argues that an asymmetry continues to exist in the contact that takes place between White and Black. The essential impetus of this asymmetry is to produce practices of cultural assimilation in which Black people are required to give up their own aesthetics and cultural practices in favor of those of the dominant middle-class and White community into which they step. However, significantly more complex identity formations are emerging out of these developments.
openalex: W1578615829 mag: 1578615829
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Educators' perceptions of continuing professional development for teachers in South Africa: A qualitative study - Steyn, G.M. (Africa Education Review, 2010)
Abstract The effectiveness of educational reform initiatives depends on the quality of teachers. Professional development (PD) of teachers has therefore become a major focal point of school improvement initiatives. The National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development (2007) attempts to address the need for suitably qualified teachers in South Africa. The study discussed in this article was qualitative within purposefully selected schools. Its aim was to explain educators' perceptions of continuing professional development in the light of the national policy. The following major findings emerged from the data analysis: (1) overall view of PD in the education system, (2) experience of types of PD programmes, and (3) impact of PD programmes on schools.
openalex: W1972506428 mag: 1972506428
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hearing Impairment Among Primary-School Children in Shebin El-Kom District, Egypt - Taha, Azza A.; Pratt, Sheila; Farahat, Taghreed M; Rasoul, Gaafar Abdel; Albtanony, Manal A.; Elrashiedy, Abdel-Latif E.; Alwakeel, Hany R.; Zein, Ahmed M. (American Journal of Audiology, 2010)
This study examined the feasibility of screening hearing loss in rural and urban schools in Egypt, and investigated the prevalence and causes of hearing impairment (HI) in Egyptian primary-school students.A total of 555 children (6-12 years of age) from a rural and an urban school in the Shebin El-Kom District of Egypt were screened for HI at their schools. A 2-stage screening procedure was used, and positive cases were referred for a diagnostic hearing assessment at a regional medical facility. Risk factors were investigated through a parent questionnaire and an environmental study consisting of noise, ventilation, and crowding measurements at the schools.The screening failure rate was 25.6%, and the prevalence of confirmed HI was 20.9%. The rate of HI did not differ across the schools. Conductive hearing loss of minimal to mild severity was the most common type of HI. The most important predictors for HI were parent suspicion, otitis media, household smoking, low socioeconomic status, and postnatal jaundice.The prevalence of HI did not differ across settings and was more common than reported in children from developed countries. The screening results also suggest that professionals with limited audiology background can be trained to implement hearing screening programs in Egyptian schools.
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Conservation of Water in Dry Eastern Africa: Some Lessons from Handicapped Development - Tanner, R. E. S. (Journal of Human Ecology, 2010)
AbstractThe use of water is not based on what can be expected to become available because of the economic cost and the lowering of the water table. There is a need to lower the use of water for personal hygiene and to develop dry systems of hygiene.Key Words: Over-useHygieneMigrationCostMaintenance
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Water scarcity and climate change in South Africa : CAP - Thorn, Jessica (Veld & Flora, 2010)
Water is one of the most constrained and valuable resources we have. Droughts and floods have increased in frequency and severity in Africa, with the threat of more to come because of climate change. Demand for water is increasing for domestic, industrial and agricultural use as well. To cope with the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts that result from increased water scarcity, communities need to be equipped with tools, resources, knowledge and skills that will assist them to adapt.
openalex: W149135242 mag: 149135242
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Farmers’ Perception of the Effects of Climate Change and Coping Strategies in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Nigeria - Tologbonse, E. B.; Auta, S. J.; Bidoli, T D; Jaliya, M. M.; Onu, R. O.; Issa, Fadlullah Olayiwola (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
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Mediators of the Contact-Prejudice Relation among South African Students on Four University Campuses - Tredoux, Colin; Finchilescu, Gillian (Journal of Social Issues, 2010)
Intergroup contact is undoubtedly associated with lower levels of self-reported prejudice. In some situations, however, contact may have little or no association with prejudice. Studies conducted in apartheid South Africa rarely found such an association. Apartheid was overturned in 1994, but there have been few explicit tests of the relationship since then. The present study explored the relation between contact and prejudice in a large (N= 2,599) and diverse nonprobability sample of South Africans. Participants were recruited from four universities. In addition, factors were explored that might modulate the contact–prejudice relation, or have independent effects. The relation between prejudice and contact was larger for affective prejudice (r≈ |.35|) than for social distance (r≈ |.2|). Analysis showed that the effects of contact were not reducible to those of other variables, although the contact–prejudice relation was mediated in many instances.
openalex: W2156602520 mag: 2156602520
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Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of hygiene among school children in Angolela, Ethiopia. - Vivas, Alyssa; Gelaye, Bizu; Aboset, Nigusu; Kumie, Abera; Berhane, Yemane; Williams, Michelle A. (PubMed, 2010)
Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries. This study evaluated the KAP of hygiene among rural school children in Ethiopia and assessed the extent to which proper knowledge of hygiene was associated with personal hygiene characteristics.This cross-sectional study was comprised of 669 students who were interviewed by trained staff Participants were in grades 1-6 at Angolela Primary School, located in rural Ethiopia. Data consisted of hygiene and hand washing practices, knowledge about sanitation, personal hygiene characteristics, and presence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection. Results. Approximately 52% of students were classified as having adequate knowledge of proper hygiene. Most students reported hand washing before meals (99.0%), but only 36.2% reported using soap. Although 76.7% of students reported that washing hands after defecation was important, only 14.8% reported actually following this practice. Students with adequate knowledge of proper hygiene were more likely to have clean clothes (AOR 1.62, CI 1.14-2.29) and to have a lower risk of parasitic infection (AOR 0.78, CI 0.56-1.09) although statistical significance was not achieved for the latterStudy findings underscore the need for more hand washing and hygiene education in schools; and provide objective evidence that may guide the development of comprehensive health and hygiene intervention programs in rural Ethiopian schools. Successful implementation of these programs is likely to substantially attenuate the transmissible disease burden borne by school children in rural settings.
openalex: W2141290211 mag: 2141290211
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Multi-institutional American Team Teaches Neurosurgery in Underserved Tanzania - Wait, Scott D.; Härtl, Roger (World Neurosurgery, 2010)
There is no comprehensive report of neurosurgery postgraduate education in Africa. This narrative review aimed to map out the landscape of neurosurgery training in Africa and highlight similarities and differences in training.The keywords “neurosurgery,” “education,” and “Africa” were searched on PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to January 17, 2021. Next, a complementary hand search was conducted on Google using the keywords “neurosurgery,” “residency,” and the individual African countries in English and official languages. The relevant data were extracted and compiled into a narrative review.A total of 76 African training programs that recruit more than 168 trainees each year were identified. Less than half (40.7%, n = 22) of African countries have at least 1 neurosurgery training program. Egypt (n = 15), Algeria (n = 14), and Nigeria (n = 10) have the highest number of training programs, whereas Algeria (0.33), Egypt (0.15), and Libya (0.15) have the highest number of training programs per 1 million inhabitants. The College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa has 16 programs in 8 countries, whereas the West African College of Surgeons has 17 accredited programs in 3 countries. The duration of training varies between 4 and 8 years. There is limited information available in the public domain and academic literature about subspecialty fellowships in Africa.This review provides prospective applicants and African and global neurosurgery stakeholders with information to advocate for increased investment in African neurosurgery training programs.
openalex: W2086650153 mag: 2086650153
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African Cultural Education and Schooling: Towards Bicultural Competence of African Australian Youth - Wakholi, Peter Mbago (The Australasian review of African studies, 2010)
This article explores the concept of African Cultural Education Program (ACEP) as a relevant tool for gaining bicultural competence among African migrant descendant youth in Australia. The article proposes that acquisition of biculturally informative knowledge may be facilitated by critical exploration of diverse 'funds of knowledge' associated with the cultural experience and identities of the African Australian youth. ACEP is a Third Space phenomenon through which diverse 'funds of knowledge' may be explored, critically, towards a positively self-affirming discourse. The article proposes that formal schooling of African Australians should be complimented by an African Cultural Education Program (ACEP). Such a program involves cultural translators as agents for facilitating dialogue about cultural identity and schooling towards bicultural competence.
openalex: W2279072942 mag: 2279072942
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Do Teaching Methods Presented by the National Council on Economics Education (USA) Enhance Trainers’ Learning Capacity in Economics Education? A South African Perspective - Wyk, Michael van; Alexande, Gregory (Journal of Social Sciences, 2010)
AbstractThe National Council on Economic Education (NCEE) is a nationwide network in the United States of America (USA) which spearheads the promotion of economic literacy among students and their teachers. The NCEE’s mission is to help students develop the real-life skills they need to succeed: to be able to think and choose responsibly as consumers, savers, investors, citizens, members of the workforce, and effective participants in a global economy. One hundred and eight participants from nine developing countries, mainly lecturers in Economic education, curriculum developers, learning-area managers and subject advisors, participated in this international collaboration initiative programme over a two-year period. As participants representing South Africa at these sessions, we have chosen to provide an overview of the experiences of fourteen South African trainers on teaching methods used by the NCEE through a qualitative approach. In order to arrive at a synthesis of our reflections, the following research question was posed: “Do teaching methods presented by the NCEE enhance trainers’ learning capacity in Economics education?” Findings revealed that trainers were indeed engaged in opportunities to construct meaning from their knowledge base in Economics, as well as the subsequent application of their acquired learning endeavours to their sites of delivery. Furthermore, we conclude that these pedagogical methods used by the NCEE impact positively on the enhancement of trainers’ learning capacity in South African schools.Key Words: Pedagogical MethodsLearning CapacityEconomics EducationQualitative Research Approach
openalex: W2305136554 mag: 2305136554
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Some challenges and responses : higher education in South Africa - Yeld, Nan (Discourse, 2010)
Higher education is not the only educational sector in South Africa facing severe challenges. This paper sketches some of the consequences, for example poor throughput and graduation rates - of these challenges for higher education and argues that its focus in addressing these ought to be on the major variable under its control, namely the educational process itself. Two relatively recent major responses (extended programmes and the National Benchmark Tests Project) are discussed and the paper concludes that unless higher education as a whole recognises and acknowledges the scale and severity of the problems, and thus the need for a systemic response, it is unlikely that quality and efficiency in the sector will improve. Hoer onderwys is nie die enigste opvoedkundige sektor in Suid-Afrika wat voor ernstige uitdagings te staan kom nie. Hierdie artikel skets sommige van die gevolge van hierdie uitdagings vir hoer onderwys, byvoorbeeld swak deurvoer- en gradueringsyfers, en redeneer dat die fokus om hierdie gevolge aan te spreek, gerig moet wees op die belangrike veranderlike onder sy beheer, naamlik die opvoedkundige proses self. Twee relatief onlangse belangwekkende reaksies (verlengde programme en die rol van die Nasionale Normtoetsprojek) word bespreek. Die artikel sluit af met die gedagte dat, tensy hoer onderwys as geheel die omvang en erns van die probleme identifiseer en erken, en dus die behoefte aan 'n sistemiese respons, dit onwaarskynlik is dat gehalte en doeltreffendheid in die sektor sal verbeter. Thuto ya godimo ga se fela lefapha la ta thuto leo le lebanego le dihlohlo te oro. Pampiri ye e thala te dingwe ta ditlamorago, mohlala, tshepedio ye mpe le dikelo ta dikapeo - t_a dihlohlo te ka go thuto ya godimo gape e gatelela gore tebanyo ya yona ka go bolela ka ga te e swanete go ka tlase ga taolo ya yona, e lego tshepedio ya thuto ka boyona. Dikarabelo te pedi te kgolo ta gabjale (mananeo a okeditwego le Proteke ya Diteko ta Maemokelo ta Bosethaba) di a sekasekwa gomme pampiri e ruma ka gore ntle le ge thuto ya godimo ka botlalo e lemoga le go amogela kelo le bo oro bja mathata, e lego seo se hlokegago go lenaneo la Umkhakha wemfundo ephakeme akuwona wodwa obhekene nezinselelo eziningi eNingizimi Afrika. Leli phepha lidweba eminye yemiphumela, isibonelo amazinga amancane okuthweswa ngeziqu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwabafundi okungagcwilisi - kwalezi zinselelo zemfundo ephakeme kanti futhi ibeka phambili umbono wokuthi ukungxila kwalo ekubhekeni lezi zinselelo kudingeka kube ngaphansi kolawulo olukuguqukayo lwenqubeko yemfundo ngokwayo. Izimpendulo zakamuva nje (izinhlelo ezengeziwe kanye ne-National Benchmark Tests Project) ziyadingidwa kanti iphepha linquma ngokuthi uma imfundo ephakeme yonke ingavumi yamukele ububanzi nobunzima bezinkinga, kuqhanyukwe nesisombululo esihlelekile, akuthembisi ukuthi ikhwalithi nokusebenza komkhakha kungathuthuka.
openalex: W1597217742 mag: 1597217742
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The development of fluency, syntactic complexity, and grammatical accuracy in oral presentations: a case of Egyptian EFL learners - Zaki, Mayada Mohammad Tawfik (2010)
openalex: W1604730522 mag: 1604730522
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How Maghreb literature is conceived of and used in Moroccan school contexts - Aboussi, Laila (2010)
openalex: W4392192726
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The Role of Guidance and Counseling in Promoting Student Discipline in Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case Study of Kisumu District. - Ajowi, Jack Odongo; Simatwa, Enose M.W. (Educational Research Review, 2010)
This study examined the role of guidance and counseling in promoting student discipline in secondary schools in Kisumu, District, Kenya. The study population comprised 4,570 students, 65 head teachers, 65 deputy head teachers, and 65 heads of Guidance and Counseling Department from all the 65 secondary schools in the District. Out of this, a sample of 22 head teachers, 22 deputy head teachers, 22 heads of Guidance and Counseling and 916 students from 22 secondary schools was selected through the simple random sampling technique. Two instruments were used to collect data for the study. These were interview schedule and a questionnaire. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of frequencies and percentages. While data collected using interview schedule were audio taped and transcribed into themes, categories and sub-categories as they emerged from the data. They were analyzed using summary Tables for the purpose of data presentation and interpretation. The findings show that guidance and counseling was minimally used to promote student discipline in secondary schools in Kisumu District. Punishments especially corporal punishment was widely used to solve disciplinary cases in all schools. It was however; found that there were no policy guidelines from the Ministry of Education on how the schools could use guidance and counseling to manage the student disciplinary cases. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Ministry of Education should provide policy guidelines on the use of guidance and counseling for the management of discipline in secondary schools. Increased efforts should also be made by the Ministry of Education, Department of Directorate of Quality Assurance and Standards to regularly supervise and monitor the schools which were not adhering to the ban on corporal punishment and were violating the child rights. Key words: Role, guidance and counseling, student, discipline, Kisumu, Kenya
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E-Learning in Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case of the NEPAD E-Schools - Ayere, Mildred; Odera, FY; Agak, John (Educational Research Review, 2010)
The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) schools were set up as centres of excellence in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration, so that other schools could copy their model in e-learning. It was for this reason that they were provided with computers, e-materials, internet appliances and trained personnel. But to gauge their levels of success as e-learning centres there was need to compare them to other schools offering ICT education in Kenya. It was for this reason that this study compared the application of the e-learning in NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools in Kenya. Specifically, the study: Identified significant differences in levels of integration of ICT in curriculum subjects; surveyed the differences in use of e-materials in education research; examined availability of e-libraries; identified significant differences in academic performance of NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools attributed to e-learning. The study used a combination of an exploratory approach using descriptive survey and ex-post-facto design. It was carried out in six of the eight provinces in Kenya, where the NEPAD schools are located. It targeted 1600 form four students from 35 secondary schools involved in ICT education (NEPAD schools included). Saturated sampling was used for the six NEPAD schools while six non-NEPAD schools were selected through simple random sampling. The sample consisted of three officials from the ministry of education, twelve principals and twelve heads of ICT department (HODs), and 570 of the form four students. The main data collection instrument was the questionnaire; administered to the students, the principals, and the HODs. The interview schedule was administered to the ministry of education personnel while an observation checklist was used as a confirmatory tool. Analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that, there was a significant difference in the application of e-learning in NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools. Based on these findings, it was recommended that schools involved in ICT education should intensify teacher facilitation and support teacher roles that are required in e-learning Key words: E-Learning, ICT integration, ICT education, new partnership for Africa’s development (NEPAD)
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Distribution of abo, rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoresis among the undergraduate students of Niger delta university Nigeria - Egesie, UG; Egesie, OJ; Usar, Iornumbe; Johnbull, T.O (Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2010)
The distribution of ABO, Rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoresis among 200 undergraduate students of Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria randomly selected were studied. Blood samples were collected by venepuncture from the antecubital vein. The blood sample were transferred into EDTA bottle and mixed. The determination of the ABO, Rhesus (RhD) blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoresis was done. The results showed that blood group O had the highest percentage distribution of 49% followed by blood groups A and B with 22% respectively and the least percentage distribution of 7% was blood group AB. Rh-D positive rate was 98% and it was 2% for Rh-D negative. The percentage distribution for the haemoglobin electrophoresis pattern for HbAA, HbAS, HbSS, HbAC and HbSC were 66%, 26%, 2%, 2%, and 4% respectively. HbAA and HbAS occurred more frequently than other haemoglobin variants in this study.
openalex: W1999301710 mag: 1999301710
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Physico-chemical characterisation of some ground water supply in a school environment in Ilorin, Nigeria - Eletta, Omodele A. A.; Adeniyi, Adewale George; Dolapo, A. F. (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010)
The water quality assessment of some ground water supply to a school in Ilorin City was carried out over a year. The concentration of nitrates in the samples were determined using a UV - visible spectrophotometer. The wells located within the student hostels were found to be high in nitrate with concentrations ranging from 7.11 - 8.54 mg/l. This is close to the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 10 mg/l allowed in drinking water. The concentrations in the boreholes ranged between 0.43 - 1.34 mg/l. The trace metal analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations were found to be below detection limit. The concentration of copper (Cu) ranged between 0.017 - 0.065 mg/l, the concentration of magnesium (Mg) ranged between 4.29 - 16.28 mg/l while calcium (Ca) concentration ranged between 26.60-235.60 mg/l. The metal concentrations were all within WHO recommended concentrations in drinking water. A linear regression carried out using the polymath software gave a negative slope.
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Multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in contemporary medical practice: findings from urinary isolates at a Nigerian university teaching hospital - Jombo, Gta; Jonah, P. M.; Ayeni, J A (Nigerian journal of physiological Sciences, 2010)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that is often encountered in urinary tract infection (UTI) worldwide and has shown varied antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This study was therefore designed to ascertain the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the organism in Jos. Data on antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa generated from urine samples by the Microbiology laboratory of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) was compiled for a period of three years (July 2001-June 2004). Additional information was obtained from the records department of the hospital. Samples were collected, stored and processed using standard laboratory procedures. The rate of isolation of P. aeruginosa from urine samples was found to be 4.6% (n=127) from 12,458 samples. From male population 34% (n=43) were isolated and 66 % (n=84) were recovered from females population with a significant (P < 0.05) gender difference. All the 100 % isolates of P. aeruginosa were resistant to penicillin, cloxacillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid. while 67% were sensitive to augmentin, sensitivity to ofloxacin was 92%, ciprofloxacin 92% and cefuroxime (86%). The resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa from urine against antibiotics was extremely high. Prophylactic antibiotic medication against UTI should be carefully weighed against this undesirable possible outcome (resistance). Susceptibility testing should be adopted as a basic routine laboratory procedure in hospitals and clinics in order to guide appropriately on the right choice of antibiotics. Finally, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime should be considered on isolation of P. aeruginosa from UTI, especially in the absence of a sensitivity report as well as for prophylactic options.
openalex: W2089975098 mag: 2089975098
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Education and economic performance: Lessons from West Africa - Odularu, Gbadebo Olusegun; Olowookere, Ramilowo (Journal of economics and international finance, 2010)
The study of economic growth across countries has been of utmost interest to economists explaining the various factors that contribute to the growth and development of countries. Thus, in recent times “human resources have been recognized to constitute the ultimate basis for the wealth of nations. In other words, while capital and natural resources are passive factors of production, human being are the active agents who accumulate capital, exploit natural resources, build social, economic and political organizations and carry forward national development. Against this background, this study examines the relationship between education and economic performance in West Africa, using the panel data ordinary least square analysis of selected countries across the sub- region. In conclusion the study recommends that education does matter and it should be restructured to strengthen the human capacities for improved economic performance. Key words: Education, economic performance, West Africa.
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Tertiary institution learners' HIV/AIDS sensitization tool(s) receptivity: Implications for sustainable democracy in Nigeria - Onyene, Virgy; Uzoka, N.E.; Ikonta, Nonye R.; Bakare, T.V. (Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 2010)
This is a multi-phased study that addresses the issue of tertiary institution based programme for awareness creation in order to integrate HIV/AIDS issues and concerns into social relationships. The purpose of the study was to develop simple communication tool combinations and ascertain through sensitization the potency of the tools to increase HIV/AIDS pandemic awareness among students in Nigerian tertiary institutions of learning. Ten tools were administered and later categorized for same purpose on 100 and 200 level students of two Universities and two Colleges within Lagos metropolis. Each of the items in the questionnaire is biased, with such democratic principles of inclusion, equity and justice. Data were analysed and descriptive statistics used to reveal the quality of each tool as well as to predict their control potency over students’ sexual behaviour and social cohabitation. Among the study findings are that the respondents have, at 25%, a limited knowledge of HIV/AIDS awareness; and 25% were indifferent to awareness programmes due to religious practices and belief, among others. It was recommended that institutions of higher learning should create a centre for HIV/AIDS sensitization and control which will adopt these sensitization tools and integrate them into general courses and relevant campaign procedures. Key words: HIV/AIDS, pandemic, awareness, procedures.
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A survey on conflict resolution mechanisms in public secondary schools: A case of Nairobi province, Kenya - Ramani, Ken; Liu, Zhimin (Educational Research Review, 2010)
The broad objective of the study was to determine various mechanisms applied in resolving conflicts within public secondary schools in Nairobi province. This study used descriptive and exploratory research design. A sample comprising of principals, representatives of Boards of Governors (BoG's), class teachers, students and education officers was used to investigate the understanding, perceptions and impacts of conflict resolution mechanisms in their respective schools. The research instruments included a questionnaire and an interview schedule, which were administered to the respondents. The data collected was subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. They were analyzed using SPSS. Frequency distribution tables, percentages, and charts were used to present data. The findings showed that, the concept of “conflict management” refers to an act and also a process of resolving disputes between two or more parties with the view of coming to a resolution. The study showed that when the students are faced with a conflict of personal nature the majority of them deal with the conflict through constructive approaches. It is however, important to note that when student react as a group they are likely to be influenced by group behaviour, which in most cases is very destructive. This could be a factor that contributes to destructive scenes especially when resolution of conflicts between groups of students and the school administrators or teachers does not find an amicable solution. Effective communication is therefore, essential in analysis of conflicts in public schools as well as in identifying their root causes. The findings showed that the causes of conflicts in public secondary schools are varied. Resolution of various forms of conflicts would therefore, require specific strategies since the root causes may be unique. The study recommends that school administrators and teachers should seek to embrace open systems where everyone is let to air their views and the areas of conflict discussed openly. In addition, they should encourage democratic representation in the choice of leaders namely; prefects, P.T.A members and B.O.G Members. This would help in eliminating the perceived feeling of discrimination or favouritism amongst teachers and students. The schools should also seek to educate all the stakeholders on the best way of solving conflicts. This can be achieved by say starting a peer educator's movement that will create awareness to students about the negative effects of conflict and act as mediators in conflict resolution in schools. It will also serve to identify the parties involved in conflict and exposing them to the whole school so that, they face shame and deter from doing the acts in future. The schools should also embrace guidance and counseling programmed since its one of the best way to deter destructive mechanisms of resolving both personal and group conflicts especially amongst students. Guidance and counseling is the most appropriate to control spread of bad inner feelings. Key words: Conflict management, conflict resolution, secondary schools
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Access to secondary school education through the constituency bursary fund in kanduyi constituency, Kenya - Wachiye, J. Herman; Nasongo, W. Joseph (Educational Research Review, 2010)
Secondary school education is very critical in any education system because of the crucial role, it plays in catalyzing national development. Consequently, maintaining a high student enrolment at this level should be a priority for all countries. The Constituency Bursary Fund (CBF) was established by the government of Kenya through an act of parliament in 2003 to ensure that the needy students have access to secondary education. This fund provides for the involvement of community members in identifying the bursary recipients. With the communal involvement in decision-making, it was anticipated that there would be fairness and efficiency in the bursary allocation process. However, contrary to the high expectations; cases of complaints about the implementation of the constituency bursary fund are many. It is on the basis of these complaints that the study was conducted. This study was guided by the theory of socialist economics of education. A theory that emphasizes the need to create an economy that redistributes income from the rich to the poor, so as to create equality of well being. The study population constituted of; high school bursary recipients in the 2007 fourth form cohort in Kanduyi constituency, their class teachers and committee members of the Kanduyi Constituency Bursary Fund (KCBF). The purposive sampling technique was used to select the population sample. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data, which was then coded and analyzed both descriptively and statistically. From the findings, it was established that; the applicant’s parentage and academic performance were great determinants of eligibility for bursary allocation. And that the fund is equitably awarded to the recipients. The fund was found to experience the following set-backs namely; the amount of bursary disbursed to the constituency was insufficient and could not meet the demands of the high number of the needy applicants. There was political interference by the local Parliamentarian. The government delays to disburse these funds, a condition that inconveniences many needy students. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made; the Government Of Kenya (GOK) treasury should allocate more money to the CBF if the applicants are to be served effectively. The government should also establish a management framework devoid of political manipulation to run the constituency bursary fund. Key terms: Access, bursary, bursary recipient, constituency, efficiency, needy, parentage, socio economic status.
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Training in the South African Labour Market - Mughogho, Atusaye (2010)
openalex: W2886219803 mag: 2886219803
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Disability and Service Delivery in Uganda - Muleke, Jude (2010)
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Decentralisation, Women’s Rights and Poverty: Learning from India and South Africa - Beall, Jo (2010)
In the interests of contextualising (and nuancing) the multiple interrelations between gender and poverty, Sylvia Chant has gathered writings on diverse aspects of the subject from a range of disciplinary and professional perspectives, achieving extensive thematic as well as geographical coverage. This benchmark volume presents women’s and men’s experiences of gendered poverty with respect to a vast spectrum of intersecting issues including local to global economic transformations, family, age, ‘race’, migration, assets, paid and unpaid work, health, sexuality, human rights, and conflict and violence.
openalex: W188409792 mag: 188409792
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Evaluating the Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test as a measure of reading comprehension and vocabulary for South African grade eight learners. - Catto, Deborah Diane (2010)
openalex: W9732660 mag: 9732660
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An international, case-based, distance-learning collaboration between the UK and Somaliland using a real-time clinical education website - Finlayson, Alexander; Baraco, Abdirazak; Cronin, Nathalie; Johnson, Oliver; Little, Simon; Nuur, Abdirahman; Tanasie, Dragos; Leather, Andrew (Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 2010)
We established a medical education website to deliver real-time, clinical case-based education to sites in Somaliland from the UK. The website was based on a web 2.0 social networking concept in order to recreate, as nearly as possible, the clinical bedside teaching experience. A survey showed that medical students in Somaliland had sufficient computer access to exploit the website. Teaching began in December 2008 and the teaching programme has developed into a regular weekly teaching session involving up to seven different student groups in Somaliland at different locations. As well as north-south teaching, the website has been employed to support a study module in London. Small groups of UK-based medical students have been partnered with intern tutors in Somaliland. Forty UK students have taken part in this teaching, which is now in its second year. Feedback from those involved has demonstrated that a collaboration in which both north-south and south-north teaching occurs can strengthen partnerships in which both parties contribute and benefit.
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Hypertension, and blood pressure response to graded exercise in young obese and non- athletic Nigerian university students. - Ibhazehiebo, Kingsley; Ui, Dimkpa; Iyawe, V. I. (Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2010)
Hypertension, and the effect of graded exercise on Blood pressure (BP), in 60 obese nonathletic young medical students (40 females and 20 males) with Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 30 were studied.The subjects were in the age range of 18-22 years with mean age of 20.301.32 years.Twenty percent of the males and 7 percent of the females were found to be hypertensives (P<0.05) and the severity of the hypertension significantly (P< 0.05) increased linearly with increase in BMI (r =0.6).Our study reveals a positive direct correlation between obesity and socioeconomic status and BP.Marked increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), time of return (RT) were observed in the obese individuals compared to control at all levels of graded exercise with the highest rises seen during severe exercise.Among the obese subjects, the increases in BP were more in the males than females, but time of return was higher in females than males.This study further confirms that obese young individuals are prone to early onset of hypertension and thus other cardiovascular diseases and less tolerant to physical exercises.Our results add to the evidence that hypertension is common among obese young adults.
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Indoor and outdoor pollution in cloth dyeing: examples from textile studios in Nigeria tertiary institutions - Makinde, Deborah Olufunmilayo; Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope; Ìjísakin, Y. O. (Ecology and the Environment, 2010)
Cloth dyeing has been confirmed to be a major cause of pollution because the dyes used contain some substances which are injurious to humans and their environment.This paper examined cloth dyeing activities in some selected art institutions in Nigeria.The study made use of 50 systematically selected students from the three levels of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.All the institutions surveyed lack adequate studio spaces, ventilation, personal protective equipment, and dye waste drainage required for productive and hazard-free cloth dyeing.It was also discovered that most synthetic dyes used have no user guides.This paper concluded that more dyes need to be studied for hazard identification and prevention.Adequate provision for studio space and amenities should be vigorously pursued and governments should monitor manufacturers of synthetic dyes and chemicals to reduce or eliminate health risks in cloth dyeing.
openalex: W2022147344 mag: 2022147344
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Waiting time among acute abdominal emergencies in a Nigerian teaching hospital: causes of delay and consequences - Mbah, N; Opara, W. E. K.; Agwu, Ngwobia Peter (Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2010)
Background-In many patients presenting with an acute surgical abdomen, the outcome of management is determined by the promptness of the appropriate surgical intervention.The average interval the patient has to spent waiting for treatment at first presentation to hospital with an acute abdominal emergency is unknown in our center.This study was designed to evaluate the waiting time between hospital presentation and operation,to highlight causes of the delay and outcome of treatment among patients admitted with emergency abdominal events in a Nigerian tertiary health Centre.Method-This is a prospective study of all consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen admitted over an 8-month period [March to October 2005] into the surgical services of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital [UDUTH], Sokoto.Results-One hundred and thirty six patients were studied.There were 95 males and 41 females aged between 3-days and 75 years [median age 25 years].The waiting time ranged between 4 to 180 hours [> 7 days]; with a mean of 44 hours.Only 13(9.6%) of the patients were operated within 6-hours of hospital admission, considered prompt treatment.Operations after six hours in 123 others was due to several reasons but the commonest reason in [65.4%] was financial constraint.The commonest complication responsible for significant morbidity was wound infection in 31 (22.8%)patients, the majority of whom had delayed surgical operation (n=23/31).Twenty-eight (20.6%) patients died in this study.All but one were from the group operated beyond 6-hours of hospital presentation. Conclusion:The adverse consequences of prolonged waiting time in our center among patients admitted with acute surgical abdomen are most commonly due to financial difficulties.A hospital-based credit scheme available to emergency aptients will rapidly improve the quality of care we give our patients.
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Reducing the Gender Gap in Education: The Role of Wage Labour for Rural Women in Mozambique - Sender, John (2010)
In the interests of contextualising (and nuancing) the multiple interrelations between gender and poverty, Sylvia Chant has gathered writings on diverse aspects of the subject from a range of disciplinary and professional perspectives, achieving extensive thematic as well as geographical coverage. This benchmark volume presents women’s and men’s experiences of gendered poverty with respect to a vast spectrum of intersecting issues including local to global economic transformations, family, age, ‘race’, migration, assets, paid and unpaid work, health, sexuality, human rights, and conflict and violence.
openalex: W2797516130 mag: 2797516130
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Between National Unification and Cultural Imperialism: History Teaching and Language Policy in Late Colonial Sudan, 1946-1956 - Seri‐Hersch, Iris (2010)
The aim of this paper is to investigate the short-term background to the fifty-year long conflict between Northern and Sudan. It scrutinizes specific political, educational and ideological processes unfolding in the last decade of Condominium rule (1946-1956), highlighting the interconnectedness of British colonial disengagement, Sudanization trends, and politics of linguistic homogenization. On the one hand, I shall analyze representations of Sudan in several history textbooks produced in Khartoum and used in governmental schools in the critical years just before and after independence. On the other hand, I shall examine the concomitant evolution of administrative and educational policy in the South. My hypothesis is that the outbreak of the first Sudanese civil war (1955-1972) is closely related to Northern ambivalent policies towards the South in the educational sphere. Sharply criticizing the Southern Policy of their British predecessors, Northern Sudanese officials of the late colonial era advocated national unity through educational standardization and Arabization efforts. How did they confront the cognitive and practical discrepancy between their ideal of a culturally homogenous nation-state and the actual diversity of Sudanese historical experience and social dynamics? How did Southerners react to politics of cultural homogenization?
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Two genetic types of volcanic-hosted massive sulfide mineralizations from the Eastern Desert of Egypt - Allah, Ahmed G. Abd (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2010)
openalex: W2064235180 mag: 2064235180
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The challenges of implementing distance education in Uganda: A case study - Basaza, Gudula Naiga; Milman, Natalie B.; Wright, Clayton R. (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2010)
This brief case study provides a pithy introduction to Uganda and outlines key factors that affect the implementation of distance education in the nation: poor infrastructure, the high cost of an education, an outdated curriculum, inadequate expertise in distance education, and poor attitudes towards distance learning. These factors are also evident in other African countries.
openalex: W1608393154 mag: 1608393154
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Equalizing classroom participation: public speaking contexts in the Egyptian EFL classroom - Fairley, Mariah J. (2010)
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Radionuclide Tc-99m MDP imaging for diagnosis of bone tumour at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (Ghana) – An Illustrative Review - Hasford, Francis; Amuasi, JH; Sosu, Edem; Nani, K; Sackey, Theophilus; Boadu, Mary; Wilson, I.; Addison, E.C.K (Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2010)
Radioisotopes are used in diagnosing primary and metastatic bone tumours because of the high sensitivity. Diagnosing bone tumours using technetium methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) on 9 randomly selected whole-body bone scans have been demonstrated by clinical studies of patients for illustrative review. Upon sati-sfactory testing of the e.cam® Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography at the Nuclear Medicine Depart-ment (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital), scans of patients provided essential physiologic information about the sites of bone lesions and prognosis as shown by sequential changes in tracer uptake. The bone scintigrams were clas-sified either as normal or pathologic. Of the 197 patients (91 males and 106 females) who underwent radioacti-ve whole-body bone scans in the year 2006, the peak age at bone tumour detection was between 51 and 60 yea-rs. From qualitative analyses of the reported cases, 114 patients were diagnosed with bone tumours, but ~ 17 % were found to be primary, while ~ 83 % were metastatic in nature. The observation confirmed other published data that bone tumours with origin in the cells of bone are not prevalent compared to tumours that metastasize from other parts of the body, such as breast, cervix and prostate. Breast, prostate and cervical cancers contribut-ed respectively to 34 %, 19 % and 18 % of the bone tumour cases, but only 3 % were diagnosed with osteoporo-sis (a relatively rare type of bone disease).
openalex: W1992187757 mag: 1992187757
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2009 Paul Hanly Furfey Lecture * The Return of the Sacred: What African Chiefs Teach Us about Secularization - Swidler, Ann (Sociology of religion, 2010)
The modern sociology of religion is founded on the fundamental tension between Weber's and Durkheim's approaches to religion. In this article, I want to use the tension between Weber and Durkheim to address fundamental problems in understanding religious modernity, both in the modern West and in contemporary Africa. Weber sought to explain differences in the social effects of the world religions—in Bellah's (1964, forthcoming) or Eisenstadt's (1986) terms (going back to Karl Jaspers 1953), the “axial” or “historic” religions: Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, Hinduism, and their successors. He focused on the ideas that shape individuals' understandings of the paths to salvation as the key to explaining those differences: Not ideas, but material and ideal interests, directly govern men's conduct. Yet very frequently the “world images” that have been created by “ideas” created by ideas have, like switchmen, determined the tracks along which action has been pushed by the dynamic of interest. “From what” and “for what” one wished to be redeemed and, let us not forget, “could be” redeemed depended upon one's image of the world. (Weber 1946a:280, emphasis added)
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Cancer mortality among patients admitted to gynecological wards at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Anorlu, Rose; Obodo, Kingsley; Makwe, Christian Chigozie (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2010)
to break her hymen using a candle, but the object could not be removed. The woman consulted a gynecologist the next day complaining of acute onset of urinary retention and intense pelvic pain; no lacerations or defects of the vaginal wall were found on examination. However, pelvic ultrasound showed the foreign body, which was thought to be in the bladder. Thepatientwas referred to theurologic emergencydepartment where urine was drained by suprapubic catheter. Cystoscopy under general anesthesia showed a normal bladder. Vaginoscopy was also performed, but did not show any foreign body. The patient returned home without treatment and experienced normal voiding. Sexual function was normal except for intermittent pelvic pain. During 3 years of infertility she consulted a gynecologist; hysterography revealed an obstruction in the left fallopian tube (Fig. 2) suggesting endosalpingitis. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a left ovarian cyst and the patient was referred to our department for further investigation. Uterine transmigration appears to be the most likely explanation for the presence of the foreign body in the fallopian tube, since there were no vaginal lacerations and no evidence of bladder transmigraFig. 2. Hysterogram suggesting endosalpingitis.
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Technological Adaptability in the Ethiopian Education System - Bitew, Getnet (2010)
Ethiopia has been using live “plasma” TV as a major mode of instructional delivery in the government secondary schools since 2004/2005 academic year. Since then, some improvements have been observed in terms of students’ listening skill. However, many students, teachers and parents argued that students are becoming mere listeners of the TV. They were not active in the learning process due to the large amount of instructional time taken by the live transmission. The “plasma” TV was also too fast to understand, pre-programmed, non-rewindable, and non-repeatable in character. This mode of instructional delivery should be assessed in terms of, among other criteria, its appropriateness (benefit for students’ learning); level of sophistication for the students (with respect to their language skill, etc); cost effectiveness; and availability and technical quality. Unfortunately, the current “plasma” TV was not effective in light of the above criteria. This study indicates that the “plasma” TV lessons shall be distributed on CDs to every school and teacher, and used as a supplementary instructional aid. The current “plasma” mode of instruction shall not continue in the way it is if we are genuinely intending to help our students develop their creativity, problem solving and critical skills. Teachers and students should get enough instructional time in the classrooms for discussion.
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International Collaboration for Technology Enhanced Education in Rwanda - Breen, Paul (2010)
This case is a case study of a collaborative project in the field of international education, within the specific discipline of teacher training. The author had an advisory role in this project which serves as a positive example of how STEP (social, technological, economic, and political) factors can be dealt with in the cont
openalex: W2503665508 mag: 2503665508
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Higher Education and the Early Education of African American Ministers - Cooks, Michael (Christian Higher Education, 2010)
The education of African American ministers in the United States has been little researched. Numerous books address the profession of ministry and the education of Blacks in general, but most do not specifically address issues pertaining to the professional education of Black ministers. The majority of the hurdles African Americans faced were primarily in the South and were incurred by the institution of slavery. This does not imply that African Americans residing in the Northern states did not encounter more than their share of hurdles based on the color of their skin.
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What Palestine Do We Teach - Hourani, Rida Blaik (2010)
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Distance Education and ICT-Supported Learning in Lesotho - Khoro, Angelina (2010)
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are regarded as a major contributor to the transforming of distance learning. The researcher assumed that education practitioners in developing countries like Lesotho, have limited, or no access at all to ICT for supporting instruction, since they still rely heavily on print and tutor/learner meetings as their distance mode of course delivery. The study assessed the feasibility of introducing ICT-mediated education for tutors and learners on a Distance Education Programme in Lesotho. The paper specifically focused on issues relating to the place of ICT in teaching and learning at a distance, ICT policy initiatives and challenges of infrastructure, human resource capacity, and cost as they affect provision of, and access to computer-mediated learning. Interventions critical to alleviating the situation are also discussed. Policy-makers and distance education practitioners require this type of feedback to be able to effect meaningful improvements in ODL programmes.
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Cropland use, yields, and droughts: spatial data modeling for Burkina Faso and Niger - Mainardi, Stefano (Agricultural Economics, 2010)
For countries with recurrent droughts, the design of drought impact mitigation measures could benefit from analyses of determinants of yields and prices of local crops at regional and district level. This study applies dynamic spatial panel data regression models to yields and prices of four major food crops across regions of Burkina Faso and Niger, over sample periods between 1984 and 2006. Results lend support to mainly simultaneous spatial spillovers, particularly for millet and cowpea prices and sorghum yields in Niger, and maize yields in Burkina Faso. After accounting for these effects, most crop yields are found to be weakly price-responsive, as envisaged by a supply-side geographical diffusion hypothesis. Seasonal rainfall elasticity estimates suggest that dominant food crops have slight advantage margins in terms of relative resilience to rainfall shortages. However, this result is to be weighed against low millet yields in Niger, and marked drops in sorghum yields during officially declared droughts in Burkina Faso.
openalex: W2046571946 mag: 2046571946
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Projecting climate change impacts on species distributions in megadiverse South African Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions: Opportunities and challenges - Yates, Colin J.; Elith, Jane; Latimer, Andrew M.; Maitre, David C. Le; Midgley, Guy F.; Schurr, Frank M.; West, Adam G. (Austral Ecology, 2010)
Abstract Increasing evidence shows that anthropogenic climate change is affecting biodiversity. Reducing or stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions may slow global warming, but past emissions will continue to contribute to further unavoidable warming for more than a century. With obvious signs of difficulties in achieving effective mitigation worldwide in the short term at least, sound scientific predictions of future impacts on biodiversity will be required to guide conservation planning and adaptation. This is especially true in Mediterranean type ecosystems that are projected to be among the most significantly affected by anthropogenic climate change, and show the highest levels of confidence in rainfall projections. Multiple methods are available for projecting the consequences of climate change on the main unit of interest – the species – with each method having strengths and weaknesses. Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied for forecasting climate change impacts on species geographic ranges. Aggregation of models for different species allows inferences of impacts on biodiversity, though excluding the effects of species interactions. The modelling approach is based on several further assumptions and projections and should be treated cautiously. In the absence of comparable approaches that address large numbers of species, SDMs remain valuable in estimating the vulnerability of species. In this review we discuss the application of SDMs in predicting the impacts of climate change on biodiversity with special reference to the species‐rich South West Australian Floristic Region and South African Cape Floristic Region. We discuss the advantages and challenges in applying SDMs in biodiverse regions with high levels of endemicity, and how a similar biogeographical history in both regions may assist us in understanding their vulnerability to climate change. We suggest how the process of predicting the impacts of climate change on biodiversity with SDMs can be improved and emphasize the role of field monitoring and experiments in validating the predictions of SDMs.
openalex: W2141097221 mag: 2141097221
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Pattern and outcome of congenital malformations in newborn babies in a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Ambe, J P; Madziga, A G; Akpede, George O.; Mava, Y (PubMed, 2010)
Several types of congenital malformations have been seen in our settings, but the frequencies and pattern are not known.To review the prevalence and pattern of congenital malformation in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, over a 10-year period.This was a retrospective study carried out in a semi-urban Nigerian Teaching Hospital. All admissions into SCBU from 1991 to 2000 were reviewed, using both the admission and discharge records. The information extracted from the case note of each patient included sex, age and weight on presentation, maternal age and parity, gestational age, presence of associated neonatal illnesses such as jaundice, sepsis and the type of malformation on physical examination only.Three hundred and ten (13.9%) of 2233 admissions had major congenital malformation. Thirty one (10%) gave a history of antenatal care while 279(90%) had no record of receiving antenatal care. Of the 310 babies, 140 (45.2%) abnormalities were of the gastro-intestinal system and 75 (24.2%) of central nervous system. Anterior abdominal wall defect 77(24.8%) was the commonest type of malformation seen followed by neural tube defect 63(20.3%) and imperforate anus 31(10.0%). Gastro-intestinal malformations were associated with a mortality rate of 60.9% as compared with 21.1% in those with central nervous system malformations.The high prevalence of malformation seen in this study could be associated with the fact that majority (75.4%) of the mothers delivered their babies outside the teaching hospital, whose antenatal care are unknown. The occurrence of congenital malformations is very high in North Eastern Nigeria, Environmental factors may have a role.
openalex: W2308677757 mag: 2308677757
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Students' Evaluation of a MOODLE Resource in the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria - Fola-Adebayo, Titi J. (2010)
This chapter presents an exploratory study on students’ evaluation of a MOODLE teaching and learning resource (the Wiki in this case) in the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 85 students (11 female and 74 male) were guided in the use of a wiki website for language learning in a context of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). Data on their opinions on the resource was collected through questionnaires and feedback on the wiki. T-test was employed in data analysis and the results revealed that in spite of the challenges encountered in using the website, the students’ attitude towards using it was positive as they were enthused about using the novel approach for research and learning purposes. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference between the opinions of male and female respondents. Challenges associated with the use of the resource are highlighted and recommendations presented.
openalex: W2501845789 mag: 2501845789
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The Effects of E-learning on African American Males - Graham, Tammy J.; Hewett, Stephenie M. (2010)
The chapter examines the experiences of three African American males who were placed in an electronic learning (e-learning) classroom in a rural secondary school. The three case studies provide detailed descriptions of the young men’s backgrounds, educational experiences, and academic achievement results before the implementation of e-learning. Furthermore, the case studies detail their academic achievement results and dispositions during the e-learning process, pitfalls of their e-learning program, and lessons learned from the implementation of the program. It is the authors’ hope that educators and business professionals will utilize the information and lessons learned in this chapter when planning and implementing e-learning classes and trainings in order to enhance e-learning experiences for African American males.
openalex: W2494090437 mag: 2494090437
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Fundamental changes in the activity of the natrocarbonatite volcano Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania - Keller, Jörg; Klaudius, Jurgis; Kervyn, Matthieu; Ernst, Gérald; Mattsson, Hannes B. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2010)
openalex: W2326792801 mag: 2326792801
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Teaching Somali Children: What Perceived Challenges Do Somali Students Face in the Public School System? - Kruizenga, Teresa M. (International Journal of Education, 2010)
This article reviews the literature on the experience of Somali immigrant children and their lives at school. A semi-structured, open interview provides insights into the historical and personal backgrounds of Somali children. Data explores issues of language acquisition, religion and familial connections in relation to their schooling experience. Suggestions are offered to educators for improving the educational experience for Somali children and families.
openalex: W1987920478 mag: 1987920478
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Students and the West Bank: Understanding an Untapped Market - Obrero, Teresa; Anderson, G. Christopher; Price, Julie C. (2010)
openalex: W1512504707 mag: 1512504707
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Difficulties encountered by black women entrepreneurs in accessing training from the small enterprise development agency in South Africa - Chiloane, Georginah; Mayhew, Wilma (Gender and behaviour, 2010)
The long period of colonialism and apartheid, imposed oppression and exploitation on women especially black African women, meant that they could not own property in their own rights or enter into a contract. The dawn of democracy brought about changes in the role played by women. They have emerged significantly and influence the policy spheres as well as their role of representation in the political spectrum. The article examines to what extent do potential entrepreneurs access training information on starting and growing their business offered by the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) in Gauteng. It is argued that SEDA aims to provide training to potential entrepreneurs with an aim of empowering them to utilise business opportunities provided through government policies. The data of the survey are analyzed using the quantitative approach. The findings indicate that SEDA provides only limited training in assisting potential entrepreneurs to start and grow their businesses.Key words: black women entrepreneurs, SEDA training, information dissemination and policy programmes
openalex: W2080954289 mag: 2080954289
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Student awarded Fulbright to study tuberculosis in Africa - Doss, Catherine (2010)
openalex: W2594292303 mag: 2594292303
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ICT use for teaching and learning among primary school teachers in rural areas of Nigeria: a mixed method study - Kamba, Manir Abdullahi; Mansor, Yushiana; Bakar, Ahmad Bakeri Abu (2010)
openalex: W171698149 mag: 171698149
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Gender, religiosity and self-esteem as predictors of sexual attitudes of students in a Nigerian tertiary institution - Lawal, Abiodun Musbau (Gender and behaviour, 2010)
Several studies on sexual attitudes among students in Nigeria have focused on university students; leaving out other categories of students in tertiary institutions. This study therefore investigated gender, religiosity and self esteem as predictors of sexual attitudes among polytechnic students in Nigeria. Using a cross sectional survey design, five hundred (500) students (212 males and 288 females) were purposively selected for the study. Questionnaire comprises of demographic information, self esteem scale and sexual attitudes scale was used for data collection. The participants‟ ages range from 15 to 35 years (X=22.28, SD= 3.17). Results showed that religiosity independently and significantly predicted sexual attitudes (β = .16; P<.05). All the predictor variables jointly predicted sexual attitudes F (9,436) = 2.12, P<.05 with 40% variation in dependent variable. There was no gender difference in sexual attitudes of students (t=-1.14; df =498; P>.05). Self-esteem did not significantly influence sexual attitudes of students (t=0.37; df =498; P>.05. The finding suggests continuous religious inculcation in the mind of the Nigerian students in the tertiary institutions and their frequent involvement in religious activities to promote conservative sexual attitudes and help reduce sexual risk behavior in the population.Keywords: Sexual attitudes, self-esteem, religiosity, gender, tertiary institutions, students
openalex: W2040396696 mag: 2040396696
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South African teacher proles and emerging teacher factors: The picture painted by PIRLS 2006 - Staden, Surette van; Howie, Sarah J. (Reading & writing, 2010)
The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) assessment is an international comparative study of reading skills of Grade Four learners. South Africa’s "rst participation in the study took place in the 2006 cycle (Mullis et al., 2007), with repeat participation planned to take place for PIRLS 2011. PIRLS 2006 results pointed to serious issues of under achievement among South African Grade Four learners, resulting in the adoption of the National Reading Strategy (Department of Education,2008) and the Foundations for Learning Campaign. While some time has passed since the release of the PIRLS 2006 results, participation in PIRLS 2011 would highlight trends and possible progress made since the PIRLS 2006 study. !is paper reports on the analysis of the Grade Four learner achievement in the PIRLS 2006 assessment into the teacher characteristics, use of resources and instructional practices and analyses of the PIRLS 2006 Teacher Questionnaire data. The main findings outlined by this paper reflects the need for teachers’ continued professional development at Intermediate Phase, the need to employ strategies to retain young teachers and the importance of making available good quality reading materials to schools.
openalex: W1966693777 mag: 1966693777
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Teaching of African Literature in the 21st Century - Chesaina, Ciarunji (2010)
The teaching of African literature has been the subject of debate in African universities and globally. Indeed the very term African Literature has been a bone of contention for the academic community for many decades in the last century. By bringing together researchers from literature and other related disciplines, Professor Chesaina aims at correcting the erroneous view that literature is a discipline in which a few individuals are masters of the art and therefore have the right to dominate. This book makes a significant contribution to the teaching of African literature in the 21st century by offering diverse perspectives on theoretical, methodological and practical levels.
openalex: W2805185394 mag: 2805185394
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The Asian Drivers and Africa: Learning from Case Studies - Goldstein, Andrea; Pinaud, Nicolas; Reisen, Helmut; McCormick, Dorothy (2010)
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction References
openalex: W2914592202 mag: 2914592202
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Cross-Comparison of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Across Large River Basins in Europe, Africa and Asia - Krysanova, Valentina; Dickens, Chris; Timmerman, Jos; Varela‐Ortega, Consuelo; Schlüter, Maja; Roest, Koen; Huntjens, Patrick; Jaspers, F.; Buiteveld, Hendrik; Moreno, E. Guerrero; Carrera, J.; Slámová, Romana; et al. (Water resources management, 2010)
A cross-comparison of climate change adaptation strategies across regions was performed, considering six large river basins as case study areas. Three of the basins, namely the Elbe, Guadiana, and Rhine, are located in Europe, the Nile Equatorial Lakes region and the Orange basin are in Africa, and the Amudarya basin is in Central Asia. The evaluation was based mainly on the opinions of policy makers and water management experts in the river basins. The adaptation strategies were evaluated considering the following issues: expected climate change, expected climate change impacts, drivers for development of adaptation strategy, barriers for adaptation, state of the implementation of a range of water management measures, and status of adaptation strategy implementation. The analysis of responses and cross-comparison were performed with rating the responses where possible. According to the expert opinions, there is an understanding in all six regions that climate change is happening. Different climate change impacts are expected in the basins, whereas decreasing annual water availability, and increasing frequency and intensity of droughts (and to a lesser extent floods) are expected in all of them. According to the responses, the two most important drivers for development of adaptation strategy are: climate-related disasters, and national and international policies. The following most important barriers for adaptation to climate change were identified by responders: spatial and temporal uncertainties in climate projections, lack of adequate financial resources, and lack of horizontal cooperation. The evaluated water resources management measures are on a relatively high level in the Elbe and Rhine basins, followed by the Orange and Guadiana. It is lower in the Amudarya basin, and the lowest in the NEL region, where many measures are only at the planning stage. Regarding the level of adaptation strategy implementation, it can be concluded that the adaptation to climate change has started in all basins, but progresses rather slowly.
openalex: W2114675401 mag: 2114675401
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Education Assistance to Africa: We Can Do More and Better - Li, Wei; Huang, Jie; Wang, Kaijun; Xilong, Mao; Chen, Feiyan (Transition Studies Review, 2010)
openalex: W2099515293 mag: 2099515293
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A Study of Lung Epithelial Atypia in Regard to the Effect of Smoking and Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Sudan~!2010-03-11~!2010-03-22~!2010-05-13~! - Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim; Rezgalla, Twhida Mahdi (The Open Lung Cancer Journal, 2010)
Background: Lung cancer risk in association with smoking was well established, but its association with trafficrelated air pollution still unclear.To determine the relationship between exposure to smoking and air pollutants and lung epithelial atypia, we assessed using cytological method; cytological changes in sputum specimens.Methods: Sputum specimens were obtained from 300 apparently healthy volunteers, living in the city of Khartoum.Of the 300 study subjects, 150 were Traffic policemen (they were exposed to traffic-related air pollution (ascertained as Cases)) and 150 were non-exposed (ascertained as Controls).Results: Dysplasia was detected in nine individuals, of whom seven were cases and two were controls.All the nine individuals with dysplasia were smokers.Consequently, the risk of dysplasia associated with smoking was found to be statistically significant (P<0.02).Notably, there were 84 individuals with metaplasia, of whom, 58(69%) were identified among cases and the remaining 26(31%) were among controls.As a result, the risk of metaplasia associated with smoking and traffic-related air pollution was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001).In respect to the duration of exposure to traffic-related-air pollution among cases, metaplasia increases with the increasing of exposure (P<0001). Conclusion:Exposure to traffic was also associated with borderline elevated risks for developing dysplasia and high risks of development of metaplasia.Sputum cytology may provide a useful method in the assessment of lung atypical changes.
openalex: W2335125496 mag: 2335125496
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Interest in neurology during medical clerkship in three Nigerian medical schools - Sanya, Emmanuel; Ayodele, Olugbenga Edward; Olanrewaju, T O (BMC Medical Education, 2010)
This study sought to ascertain perception of Nigerian medical students of neurology in comparison with 7 other major medical specialties. To also determine whether neurology was the specialty students consider most difficult and the reasons for this and to appraise their opinion on how neurosciences and neurology were taught in their different universities.Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information from randomly selected clinical students from 3 medical colleges in Nigeria (University of Ibadan, Ibadan; University of Ilorin, Ilorin; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo).Of 320 questionnaires sent out, 302 were returned given 94% response rate. Students felt they knew neurology least of all the 8 medical specialties, and were not confident of making neurological diagnoses. About 82% of the students indicated they learnt neurology best from bedside teaching, followed by use of medical textbooks. Close to 15% found online resources very useful for learning neurology and 6% indicated that group discussion was quite useful in the acquisition of knowledge on neurology. Histology and biochemistry were the preclinical subjects participants opined were least useful in learning neurology. The most frequent reasons students felt neurology was difficult were problems with understanding neuroanatomy (49%), insufficient exposure to neurological cases (41%), too many complex diagnoses (32%) and inadequate neurology teachers (32%).Nigerian medical students perceived neurology as the most difficult medical specialty and are not interested in specializing in it. Neurology education could be improved upon by provision of more bedside tutorials and increased availability of online resources to enhance learning. There is need to emphasize increased frequency of small group discussions amongst students so that they will be used to teamwork after graduation.
openalex: W2098189705 mag: 2098189705
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Educational Reform in Egyptian Primary Schools Since the 1990s: A Study of the Political Values and Behavior of Sixth Grade Students - Sika, Nadine (2010)
This study analyzes the degree to which the authoritarian political system in Egypt is able to implement a democratic educational system at the primary education level, which can work as a catalyst in a multifaceted democratization process. In general, Cairo private school students show a better expression of democratic the democratic values of equality and freedom of expression, than the urban and rural public school students. Students hold largely positive attitudes toward democratic values, save in the case of liberty, where children have been inculcated with faith in the authoritarian character. Cairo public school students have shown less egalitarian attitudes than both their private and rural counterparts. The right to freedom of association was accessible in all schools. The right to free and fair elections was present in all schools, except for the international private school of American City College. However, these two rights were only exercised superficially. Students could not specify or elaborate what they accomplish in their respective associations. Furthermore, class representatives who were elected by their colleagues did not have any duties toward their electorate and worked mainly for the school authorities.
openalex: W381692531 mag: 381692531
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Religious Education and Religious Pluralism in the New Africa - Asamoah‐Gyadu, J. Kwabena (Religious Education, 2010)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu is professor of African Christianity & Pentecostal Theology and Dean of Graduate Studies at Trinity Theological Seminary in Accra. Ghana. E-mail: asagyadu@hotmail.com
openalex: W2083164224 mag: 2083164224
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A pragmatic framework for integrating ICT into education in South Africa - Ford, Merryl; Botha, Adèle (2010 IST-Africa, 2010)
The goals of South Africa's e-Education White paper is for every school learner in the country to be ICT capable by 2013 and for teachers to use information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance teaching and learning. Many initiatives have been undertaken to provide schools with computer labs and infrastructure in order to reach these goals, with varying degrees of success. In the meanwhile, the ICT landscape in South Africa and worldwide has changed dramatically with the advent of the cell phone and its almost ubiquitous penetration into all levels of society, especially amongst the youth. Indigenous services that utilise this new ICT platform have emerged, that specifically target the youth and address very South-African issues, such as affordability. One such platform is MXit, a mobile instant messaging platform that enables real time text-based chatting between users at a fraction of the price of an SMS. This paper discusses the innovative use of MXit as a teaching and learning platform by the Meraka Institute and others and suggests a pragmatic framework for integrating cell phones as ICT tools into the education system in South Africa.
openalex: W2110466005 mag: 2110466005
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School Management Positions and Women Empowerment – A Rwandan Case - Irechukwu, Nkechi Eugenia (International journal of business and management, 2010)
Women as managers and their roles in management has become a topic of special interest and importance in the present decade.This study was conducted to find out the general concept of the woman educator and her role as a school administrator in the society.The central research question here is "Have women Managers/Principals performed in their various managerial capacities?"To answer this question, data were collected from teachers in seven government secondary schools in Kigali.A total number of 100 questionnaires were sent out but a total of 88 respondents which involved male and female teachers responded.Simple statistical method of data analysis was used and it was discovered that female school managers can perform with regards to aspects of school management and administration including instructional supervision, relations with students, parents and community.The findings of this paper are imperative for educational planning and management.The study also shows that in terms of abilities in all the areas reviewed, women are able to attain management positions and can perform creditably in school management.Therefore, equal opportunities should be given to both sexes in order to tap their talents and abilities for societal progress.
openalex: W1994468709 mag: 1994468709
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The role of training design to applying trained skills on the job in the public health sector: Case study in Ethiopia - Lagebo, Birkinesh Woldeyohannes (2010 IST-Africa, 2010)
This paper focuses on the transfer of health management information system (HMIS) training delivered to health workers in Oromia region of Ethiopia. The training aimed at introducing and applying computer based HMIS in the public health care of the region. This research explores factors that affect transfer of the knowledge and skill gained in the training to the work place and suggests approaches to alleviate some of the obstacles. Qualitative interpretative method was used to collect data and the data is analyzed based on trainees' characteristics, training design and work environment. The study identified lack of managerial support at the working place as well as absence of prior computer knowledge and skill that impede the transfer of training to the job. The training also did not consider these when it was designed rather the same training was delivered to all trainees. The study suggests conducting situational analysis to understand the trainees' characteristics and their work environment. The situational analysis will help to adjust the training based on the types of trainees, which could alleviate lack of managerial support to allocate resource, lack of adequate support, absence of prior computer knowledge and skills. Furthermore, the inadequacy of technical support might be alleviated by involving staff who have better IT competence and local IT private companies to the training to use them as local support staff.
openalex: W2096255344 mag: 2096255344
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Teaching African American Youth: Learning from the Lives of Three African American Social Studies Teachers. - McBride, Chantee Earl (2010)
This study examines the life histories of three African American social studies teachers, focusing on the evolution and changes in their identities, perspectives, and attitudes related to their profession and instructional practice. In addition, the study addresses the significance of the teachers' racialized experiences as African Americans and how these experiences influence their use of culturally relevant pedagogy and other culturally responsive instructional strategies to teach their African American students. In the context of this study of three African American social studies teachers, critical race theory is used to acknowledge the teachers' life experiences with racism and the ways in which the teachers combat and address racism and oppressive mainstream educational ideologies, by sharing their counter-stories of experience in educational scholarship and their daily classroom teaching.A life history methodological approach was used to collect and interpret meaning from the narrative life stories of the three African American social studies teachers. The themes that emerge from the teachers' life stories focus on the teachers' beliefs and practices of culturally relevant pedagogy; the teachers' beliefs and practices of African-centered pedagogy; and the teachers' emancipatory teaching regarding racism in society and education. The results of this study have implications for the practice and research of African American teachers' philosophies and pedagogies; practice and research of culturally relevant teaching in social studies; and social studies teacher education.
openalex: W2166265909 mag: 2166265909
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RESTORING CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE AFRICAN LEADERSHIP: A Case Study of Finnish, Kenyan And Tanzanian Perspectives on A Leadership And Management Training Programme - Metsäpelto, Maria (2010)
openalex: W2254545619 mag: 2254545619
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'Memories of paradise' - Legacies of socialist education in Mozambique - Müller, Tanja R. (African affairs (London), 2010)
During the Cold War, state-led education exchange programmes between post-colonial states and the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) were common. The biggest such project, the School of Friendship (SdF), sent 899 Mozambican children for socialist-inspired schooling in the GDR. By the time they returned to Mozambique in 1988, the transition from socialist-revolutionary state to capitalist society was under way. This article discusses the legacies of socialist education, focusing on the lives of some of those who spent the decisive years of adolescence in the GDR. The narratives give insights into the contradictory social reality of this historical period, showing how the SdF equipped the participants with ‘modern’ virtues that became vital for their future lives, but which had also become largely obsolete by the time they returned to Mozambique. The SdF could thus be judged as a highly politicized programme where children were treated as pawns in a wider political game, while at the same time new horizons opened for its participants.
openalex: W2141914666 mag: 2141914666
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Prevalence and Social Correlates of Injury Among In-School Adolescents in Botswana - Pl, Kemp (African Safety Promotion, 2010)
Injury is a significant public health concern that has received limited attention inAfrica.There is in particular a lack of data regarding injury and its social correlates among in-school adolescents in Botswana.This article discusses how cross-sectional data from the 2005 Botswana Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) were analysed with the aim of estimating the incidence and social correlates of serious injury.Results indicated that of the 2 197 students, 65.8% (68.1% among boys and 63.8% among girls) had sustained at least one serious injury during the previous 12 months.Variables positively associated with the outcome of serious injury during the past 12 months in univariate analysis were current smoking, current alcohol use, excessive drinking, illicit drug use, truancy, bullied and having gone hungry, while in multivariate analysis being bullied, having gone hungry and truancy remained associated with serious injury during the past 12 months.
openalex: W2056327049 mag: 2056327049
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An Assessment of the Competence and Experience of Dentists with the Management of Medical Emergencies in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Adewole, Richard Ayodeji; Sote, E O; Oke, David Mautin; Agbelusi, Adewumi Gbemisola (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2010)
Background: Previous reports show that medical emergency events have ocurred in Teaching Hospital Dental centres, with attendant mortality and morbidity. Objectives: (1) To study the pattern of medical emergencies encountered by clinical dental staff of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (2) To evaluate their training ,perception of their training and competence as undergraduates and postgraduates to manage such events Methods: All the clinical staff viz: Dental surgeons of different cadres – consultants, registrars, house surgeons and dental nurses of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire requesting to know demographic data, respondents attendance of life support training viz: Basic life support (BLS), advanced trauma life support (ATLS),intensive care support (ICS). A self rating in the competence of management of medical emergencies and previous personal encounter with medical emergencies with success/failure in the management with/or without medical colleage assistance were sought. In addition adequacy of their dental clinic/centres for drugs, equipments and their perceived readiness to deal with emergencies were enquired. Results: Among the dental surgeons,20(26.6%)were consultants,40(53.3%)were registrars and 35(46.6%)were house-officers. Thirty five (43.7%) had previous knowledge of basic life support (BLS) training, while 45(56.2%) denied such knowledge. The figures for other trainings such as advanced trauma life Support (ATLS) was 8(10%) and intensive care support (ICS) 2(2.5% 73.3% of the respondents felt inadequate in the management of cardiovascular emergencies, while only 15.4% felt adequately prepared. Similar ratings for respiratory emergencies are 63.1% inadequacy, 16.9% adequacy, and only 3.3% felt very adequate. The availability of oxygen extension tubing and ambu bagwas nil in all departments . Emergency drugs were claimed to be present by 28.5% oral surgery respondents and, 34.7% Child Dental Health respondents. Most of the respondents felt their clinics are not adequately prepared to deal with medical emergencies.Conclusion: The study showed that syncope is the commonest medical emergency event in dental surgery practice in our teaching hospital; others are bleeding, seizure disorders and asthmatic attacks. The constitution of hospital emergency team (consisting of cardiologists, anaesthetists) as done in advanced countries is advocated and dentists should ensure that the departmental staff are adequately trained to provide basic life supportKeywords: Assessment, Dentists, Management, Medical emergencies, Nigerian Teaching Hospital.
openalex: W2034193099 mag: 2034193099
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Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Some Reflections on Ethiopian Higher Education - Aseffa, Ayenachew (2010)
Public- Private Partnership (PPP) is a post-cold war phenomenon developed with the advent and popularization of theories like New Public Management (NPM) and Alternate Service Delivery (ASD). It has become one of the important developmental tools and many countries have also gained significant results by effectively using public-private partnerships in higher education. In addition to the various practical benefits public-private partnership provides both to the public and the private sectors, to the government, to the general public and others, in Ethiopia there are a number of reasons for such partnerships to be established, developed and utilized. More over, the level of higher education development in Ethiopia provides a very wide opportunity for public- private partnerships. Yet, the state of public-private partnership in Ethiopian higher education is very low and unorganized and thus requires lots of effort from all stakeholders.
openalex: W184071870 mag: 184071870
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VIDEO RESEARCH: DOCUMENTING AND LEARNING FROM HIV AND AIDS COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL CHANGE IN GHANA - Decosas, Heiko (2010)
openalex: W653475181 mag: 653475181
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The first African School of Physics - Lee, Carolyn (CERN Bulletin, 2010)
openalex: W2284463066 mag: 2284463066
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The Clinical Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria - Oshinaike, Olajumoke; Okubadejo, Njideka; Ojini, FI; Danesi, Mustapha (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2010)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is primarily neurotrophic and lymphotrophic. Diverse neurologic sequealae have been documented with variations based on disease severity, but geographic variation may determine the distribution of these neurological complications.This study was designed to evaluate the current status of neurologic manifestations of HIV/AIDS as seen at our tertiary referral centre in Lagos, Nigeria.Consecutively presenting persons with HIV/ AIDS receiving HAART, who were seen between August 2004 and March 2006 at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria, were recruited into the study.Two hundred and fifty consecutively presenting HIV sero-positive patients were seen. There were 102 males (40.8%) and 148 females (59.2%) with a mean age of 37.4 years. 86 (34.4%) had clinically evident neurological disease, including neurocognitive dysfunction in 65 (53%), distal sensory neuropathy in 41 (16.4%), meningitis in 16 (6.4%), myopathy in 13 (5.2%), myelopathy in 6 (2.4%) and cerebrovascular disease in 5 (2%). The mean CD4 count (cells/mm3) of patients with neurological disease, 201.1 +/- 124.8 was significantly lower than that of patients without neurological disease 253.5 +/-149.2 (P = 0.001).Clinically evident neurological disease occurs in about 1/3rd of patients with HIV/AIDS on HAART at our tertiary centre, and predominantly affects patients with more advanced disease stages evidenced by lower CD4 count.
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Evaluation of the Sudan School Certificate English Examiantions - Siddiek, Ahmed Gumaa (English language teaching (Toronto), 2010)
Examinations -among other things -are tools of quality control by which we can measure the attainment of the national educational goals.High-quality examinations are means of evaluation that can help teachers modify their teaching techniques, as well as helping learners adjust their learning strategies.Examinations are also benchmarks that can assist decision makers to judge the success of their educational, social and political aims.This paper explores the features of the Sudan School Certificate English Examinations (SSC) from the perspective of content validly and comprehensiveness.The data was collected through a questionnaire and analytically processed by machine to come out with some findings that: the (SSC) English Examinations in their recent forms are incomprehensive and lack content validity.They are proficiency tests rather than scholastic standardized achievement examinations.Therefore, they have negative backwash in language education development in our country.
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Has the South African Universal Access Policy to Telecommunication Services Failed ICT in Education - Dagada, Rabelani (Global Learn, 2010)
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Information and Communications Technology Policy in South Africa Brings Light at the End of the Tunnel for E-Learning - Dagada, Rabelani (Global Learn, 2010)
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The learning organization, change management and Information Technology: a three way relationship using a case study of a South African organization - Dehinbo, Johnson (Global Learn, 2010)
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Childhood Leprosy In Essimbiland of Cameroon: Results of Chart Review and School Survey - Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Bamgboye, Elijah A.; Yediran, A B O O (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2010)
Background: The WHO targeted to eliminate leprosy from the world as a public health problem by reducing the prevalence to less than 1 case per 10000 population based on the use of multi-drug therapy (MDT). Despite the success of MDT, endemic pools still exist in some countries that have attained the national elimination threshold.Objective: Assess the burden of childhood leprosy and control efforts in Essimbiland of Cameroon. Methods: The records of children patients were reviewed in two main primary health care institutions and 4 primary schools in Essimbiland having 459 pupils were surveyed forleprosy. A purposive sampling of all available registers and pupils was used. Results: A total of 1129 case files were reviewed covering the periods before MDT (1961-1967) implementation in 1982 and post MDT (1982-1999); no records were available from 1968-1991.From chart review, 42 (23.3%) new leprosy cases from 1961-1967 and 35 (12.2%) from 1982-1998 were from the Mbingo leprosarium. 31(39.7%) of 78 childhood leprosy cases from chart review [1961-1967 and 1982-1999] were from Essimbiland. Of the 35 incident childhood leprosy cases from 1982-1998, 24(68.6%) were from Essimbiland compared to other divisions. Poor record - keeping on leprosy was common in the study area. Among 459 pupils surveyed in 4 primary schools, 6(1.3%) new leprosy cases were identified giving a prevalence of 131 per 10,000 pupils. The common skin lesion was on the back but one pupil had both hands clawed. 16(3.5%) pupils were placed on observation. All the new leprosy cases from the schoolsurvey were indigenes of Essimbiland. Conclusion: Childhood leprosy is a public health problem in the Essimbiland requiring school surveys and a house-tohouse search for new cases.Keywords: Childhood leprosy, chart review, school survey, Essimbiland, Cameroon
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Back School: The Development of A Nigerian Urban Model - Odebiyi, Daniel Oluwafemi; Akinpelu, O.A; Alonge, T O; Adegoke, Babatunde O. A. (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2010)
Background: Back Schools are health education and behaviour modifying programmes for care of the back and prevention of back documentary. They are often developed with consideration for the environment and the practices of the people they serve. Although back schools are available in many parts of the world, none has been developed for the Nigerian environment. Objective: To develop a back school model for the Nigerian urban setting. Methods: The Nigerian Back School (NBS) was developed from two existing video documentaries and series of focus group discussions. The focus group discussions suggested how to adapt these documentaries to the Nigerian environment and cultural practices. A hand book containing illustrations on wrong and correct postures was also developed.Results: The NBS comprises 30-minute video documentary and a 24-page handbook. The first part of the video documentary provides information on the epidemiology and causes of back pain, structures and functions of the back while the second and third parts consist of demonstrations of wrong and correct resting and working postures assumed during everyday life activities and simple exercises for the prevention or alleviation of back pain or its recurrence respectively. The NBS handbook consists of illustrations on wrong and correct postures assumed at rest and during activity of daily living Conclusion: A back school (video documentary and handbook) with considerations for the Nigerian urban environment and the peoples’ practices was made available.Keywords: Back School, Development, Urban Nigeria.
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Spectrum Of Eye Diseases At The Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki Nigeria - Ogbonnaya, Chimdia (Ebonyi Medical Journal, 2010)
Objective To determine the pattern of eye disorders presenting at the eye clinic of EBSUTH, Abakaliki. Methodology: This is a prospective, descriptive, total population study. The sample size consists of all consecutive new patients seen at the eye clinic over a 7- month period. A proforma developed for the study was used to enter biodata, visual acuity and clinical diagnosis, for each patient. Data analysis was done using SPSS software package. Analysis was by means of simple tables showing frequencies, percentages and proportions. Relationship between socio-demographic variables and clinical diagnosis were tested using the chi squared statistic. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Result: Out of 781 new patients 381 were males (48.8%) and 400 were females (51.2%). Majority 557 (71.3%) had good vision (VA ≥ 6/18). The most frequent eye disorders were refractive errors/presbyopia (27.4%), allergic conjunctivitis (12.9%), cataract (12.4%), glaucoma (10.6%), pterygium (7.6%), eye trauma (4.7%), and infective conjunctivitis (3.4%). Conclusion Refractive errors, allergic conjunctivitis, cataract, glaucoma, pterygium and eye trauma were the top- six conditions noted. The spectrum of ocular disorders presenting at the eye clinic of EBSUTH is similar to the findings by other recent studies in Nigeria.Key Words: Eye diseases, spectrum, Abakaliki
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The Meaning of Work for Black African Immigrant Adult College Students - Stebleton, Michael J. (Journal of Career Development, 2010)
The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of work for Black, sub-Saharan African immigrant adult students pursuing a 4-year college degree. Career development practitioners are in a unique position to help these students make significant life-career decisions. Seven students enrolled at an urban university located in the Midwest were interviewed. Emphasis was placed on sociocultural, historical, political, and other contextual factors that affected life-work choices. Work was viewed holistically as a combination of both paid and unpaid roles. Work narratives were collected and interpreted using Gadamerian hermeneutics grounded in a constructivism paradigm. An analysis of narrative approach was used. Three main findings emerged as themes: Meaning of work was shaped by contextual factors; work experiences were closely connected to family and community; and students’ identities and work roles evolved over time. Theoretical implications and practical strategies for career counselors, with a focus on social justice, are discussed.
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Innovative ICT Usage by Higher Education Teachers in Tunisia: a PLS path modelling approach - Youssef, Adel Ben; Dahmani, Mounir; Youssef, Hamida Ben (2010)
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Fundamental changes in the activity of the natrocarbonatite volcano Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania - Kervyn, Matthieu; Ernst, Gérald; Keller, J.; Vaughan, R. G.; Klaudius, Jurgis; Pradal, Evelyne; Belton, Frederic; Mattsson, Hannes B.; Mbede, Evelyne; Jacobs, Patric (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2010)
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Developing Contextualized ICT Education: Case Tumaini University, Tanzania - Vesisenaho, Mikko (2010)
This book gives a detailed description on developing contextualized, university-level introductory Information and Communication Technology (ICT) education in Tanzania during 2000-2009. It is a revised and updated version of the author's doctoral thesis offering new insights of the topic for the reader. It also introduces the 2007 launched Contextualized Bachelor Degree Programme in ICT at Tumaini University. The book includes a general overview of ICT education, developing country context, contextualization, and digital gap. It also covers the problematics of knowledge and technology transfer, contextual ICT education research, and participatory and situated pedagogy. The case study part of the book includes a detailed description of the development case at Tumaini University. The development process generated an ICT transfer framework model CATI consisting of levels Contextualize, Apply, Transfer and Import. The process also challenged the joint development project, and the students? creative outcomes of the teaching-learning experiments. The conclusions and recommendations of the book provide insights into the problematics and opportunities of such developmental work.
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The suitability of volcanic tuff from the Ethiopian plateau for earth dam construction and foundation - Alonso, Eduardo E.; Romero, Emilio López (2010)
In recent years, the geomechanical characterization of volcanic rocks in the Canary Islands has gained more attention due to systematic works on the wide spectrum of volcanic rocks in the entire Canary Archipelago (Rodriguez-Losada et al., 2007; Del Potro & Hurlimann, 2007). Thus, except for references in other volcanic areas (e.g. Chaplow, 1998; Apuani et al., 2005; Davies and Moon et al., 2005), previous works referred to geomechanical studies of volcanic rocks in the Canaries are scarce. Most of them were made by private construction and civil engineering companies without any later scientific relevance. In this sense, it is essential to be concerned about the role of the geomechanical characterization of rock masses as an essential tool to build approaches and models of ground stability in the context of geological hazard and particularly in volcanic hazard (Hürlimann, 1999; Hürlimann et al., 1999; Hürlimann et al., 2001; Thomas et al., 2004; Gonzalez de Vallejo & Ferrer, 2006; Malheiro, 2006; Rodriguez-Losada et al., 2007; among others).
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The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in a Nigerian Semiurban Teaching Hospital: A Single‐center Descriptive Study - Arowolo, Olukayode; Akinkuolie, A.A.; Lawal, O O; Alatise, Olusegun Isaac; Salako, Abdulkadir Ayo; Adisa, Adewale (World Journal of Surgery, 2010)
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Invited Commentary: The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in a Nigerian Semiurban Teaching Hospital: A Single‐Center Descriptive Study - Buccimazza, Ines (World Journal of Surgery, 2010)
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Formal and Informal Crime Control Views in Nigeria and the United States: An Exploratory Study Among College Students - Lambert, Eric G.; Elechi, O. Oko; Jiang, Shanhe (Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 2010)
Formal and informal crime control is used to deter individuals from engaging in criminal behavior. Formal crime control relies on the law and official government agencies to curb criminal actions. Informal crime control relies on moral and social institutions (e.g., family or church) to promote lawful behavior. This study examined the importance of formal and informal crime control in Nigeria and the United States. Using the data collected from 758 college students, the study found that the Nigerian and U.S. respondents differed on most of the formal and informal control questions. Nigerian respondents were more likely to feel that the formal control mechanisms of the police and law deterred crime, whereas U.S. respondents were more supportive of the courts and prisons as effective forms of control. Nigerian students were more likely to feel that shame, neighborhood watches, and surveillance by neighbors were effective forms of informal social control. Both Nigerian and U.S. respondents felt that being rejected by family, neighbors, and peers was effective at deterring crime except for repeat offenders when formal punishment was viewed as being more effective. When asked to rank formal and informal crime control mechanisms, Nigerian students ranked family first, followed by corrections, courts, police, neighborhood, peers, and schools. U.S. students ranked family first, followed by police, corrections, courts, peers, schools, and neighborhood.
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Flooding Impacts and Modeling Challenges of Tropical Storms in Eastern Yemen - Root, Kristi; Papakos, Tatiana H. (2010)
Most of Yemen is located in an arid climate with convective storms that produce flash floods and cause significant damage. A Tropical Storm landed in the eastern part of Yemen between October 23 and 25 of 2008 causing severe destruction and leaving thousands without their homes or livelihoods. A probabilistic risk assessment project, funded by the World Bank, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Reconstruction (GFDDR), was conducted for Hadramout and Al-Mahra governorates to (1) determine the extent and depth of flood risks in these governorates and (2) develop recommendations for the recovery and reconstruction of these areas to reduce devastation from future flood events. As a result of this Tropical Storm, the Government declared Hadramout and Al-Mahra governorates as disaster areas. Nearly 6,600 homes and huts in these two governorates sustained total or significant damage, leaving 25,000 people in need of shelter. Flooding was reported to have claimed 73 lives, left 17 people missing, and injured many others. The flooding not only damaged homes but also had a devastating effect on agricultural land. It is believed that nearly 50 percent of the population of the affected areas had their livelihoods destroyed or substantially damaged. A flood hazard analysis was performed to recreate the Tropical Storm of 2008 and to determine the extent and depth of flooding for the 100-year flood frequency event. Hydrologic modeling analysis performed with HEC-HMS software was used to process precipitation data, identify basin characteristics, and simulate the design flows produced by the Hadramout and Al-Mahra river basins. Hydraulic modeling performed with HEC-RAS software used the design flows and geometry data to model the stream conveyance. HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-GeoRAS were used in the pre- and post-processing efforts to expedite the parameter inputs and mapping process. Many challenges were addressed during the modeling processes. Specifically, there was limited historical data that could be used in the flood model developments. In addition, a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was not available for use in the hydrologic and hydraulic model. Finally, only a limited number of high water levels and flood extents were obtained after Tropical Storm 03B to be used in the calibration process. These challenges were overcome and floodplain maps were developed along the major waterways of the Hadramout and Al-Mahra governorates. These maps are being used to determine the areas prone to flooding and will be used to make recommendations in the rebuilding of roads, buildings in populated areas, agricultural lands, and flood control structures.
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A Study of Lung Epithelial Atypia in Regard to the Effect of Smoking and Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Sudan - Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim; Rezgalla, Twhida Mahdi (The Open Lung Cancer Journal, 2010)
Background: Lung cancer risk in association with smoking was well established, but its association with traffic- related air pollution still unclear. To determine the relationship between exposure to smoking and air pollutants and lung epithelial atypia, we assessed using cytological method; cytological changes in sputum specimens. Methods: Sputum specimens were obtained from 300 apparently healthy volunteers, living in the city of Khartoum. Of the 300 study subjects, 150 were Traffic policemen (they were exposed to traffic-related air pollution (ascertained as Cases)) and 150 were non-exposed (ascertained as Controls). Results: Dysplasia was detected in nine individuals, of whom seven were cases and two were controls. All the nine individuals with dysplasia were smokers. Consequently, the risk of dysplasia associated with smoking was found to be statistically significant (P<0.02). Notably, there were 84 individuals with metaplasia, of whom, 58(69%) were identified among cases and the remaining 26(31%) were among controls. As a result, the risk of metaplasia associated with smoking and traffic-related air pollution was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). In respect to the duration of exposure to traffic-related-air pollution among cases, metaplasia increases with the increasing of exposure (P<0001). Conclusion: Exposure to traffic was also associated with borderline elevated risks for developing dysplasia and high risks of development of metaplasia. Sputum cytology may provide a useful method in the assessment of lung atypical changes.
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Teaching and Learning of English in Secondary Schools: A Zambian Case Study in Improving Quality by CHANDA, CASMIR - Davis, Linda (The Modern Language Journal, 2010)
The Modern Language JournalVolume 94, Issue 2 p. 357-358 Teaching and Learning of English in Secondary Schools: A Zambian Case Study in Improving Quality by CHANDA, CASMIR LINDA KAY DAVIS, LINDA KAY DAVIS Austin Peay State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author LINDA KAY DAVIS, LINDA KAY DAVIS Austin Peay State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 May 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2010.01039.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume94, Issue2Summer 2010Pages 357-358 RelatedInformation
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IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC TECHNICAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS (ECOLE TECHNIQUE OFFICIEL - ETOS) IN RWANDA - Maringa, Maina; Maringa, Mwangi (Journal of Technical education and training, 2010)
This paper presents a brief review of the state of technical education in Rwanda based on a study conducted in 2007, with pertinent recommendations. The background of technical education in the country is appreciated first, and then followed up with a situational analysis. Thereafter, a 5-year implementation project plan proposal, to address the identified shortcomings, needs, and expectations of government is advanced. The need to raise access to post tronc commun (post O-Level) technical training is addressed within this proposal with a specific interest to increase the capacity and range of programmes running in the existing ETOs, and the introduction of new ETOs where deemed necessary. The establishment and sustenance of a good quality technical education system is also given consideration in this proposal for effective and efficient rehabilitation of existing physical facilities and the purchase of new and appropriate training equipment. Simultaneously, considerations for increasing the number of technical teachers in the system to a determined optimum level while setting minimum acceptable qualifications for technical teachers are advanced. Implementation of this proposal is expected to contribute greatly to the continuous development of a labour pool with skills that are relevant to and adequate for the needs of the economy.
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Predicting Perceptions of Fear at School and Going to and From School for African American and White Students: The Effects of School Security Measures - Bachman, Ronet; Randolph, Antonia; Brown, B. F. (Youth & Society, 2010)
This article uses the School Crime Supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey to investigate the factors related to White and African American students’ perceived levels of fear of harm, while at school and while commuting to and from school. Of particular interest were the effects of school security measures, including metal detectors, security guards, locked doors, and surveillance cameras. After controlling for the effects of previous victimizations, security measures, and other contextual and demographic variables, there were no differences in levels of fear across gender and race groups. However, certain predictors of fear differentially affected White and African American students. Previous victimization experiences, including bullying, and the presence of metal detectors increased levels of fear for all groups. Security guards in schools increased levels of fear for White students but not for African American students. African American students attending school in suburban and rural areas were more fearful compared to their central city counterparts, whereas White students were more fearful if they attended school in urban areas. Implications for policy are discussed.
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An Empirical Survey of Technology Application in Teaching Geography in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Sofowora, OA; Egbedokun, Adeola Oyebisi (Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2010)
The main thrust of this study was to find out the extent of application of the new technologies in teaching and learning Geography in secondary schools in Nigeria. The present study is very important and necessary because many teachers are still very apprehensive about using the new technologies in instruction. In addition is the fact that, there are little empirical data on the level of preparedness and the extent of utilization of ICTs in instruction in Nigerian secondary schools. This study was therefore carried out to provide empirical data on the extent of the integration of the new technology in teaching and learning Geography in Nigerian SecondarySchools. The study employed the descriptive survey design. The sample for the study is made up of 214 Geography teachers drawn from secondary schools in Osun State. The schools and the teachers were selected through stratified sampling techniques based on school types, location, Local Education Area and gender. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. It was divided into five sections and was validated using construct validity. The co-efficient of reliability was 0.68. The findings showed that 55% of Geography teachers had access to computer but did not have the pre-requisite ICT skills. Out of the modern technologies available for teaching Geography, the most commonly used are: instructional television (54%), instruction radio (59%) and video (59%).Other findings showed that 54% of Geography teachers do not know the instructional value of CDROM/ interactive web packages available free for teaching Geography. Not only this, 84% of the teachers also rarely use the news groups .While 42% rarely make use of multi- media presentation in teaching Geography. Where as many of these facilities are available free on the web for teachers use. Lastly, lack of skills and cost of utilization ranked highest as one of the factors preventing teachersfrom using the new technologies in teaching Geography.KEY WORDS Information and Communication Technologies, Multi-media, instructivist/constructivist approaches, Internet, news group
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An assessment of the response to the 2008 2009 drought in Kenya - Zwaagstra, L.; Sharif, Z.; Wambile, Ayago; Leeuw, Jan de; Said, Muttiara; Johnson, Norris O.; Njuki, J.; Ericksen, Polly J.; Herrero, Mario (2010)
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Cross‐cultural training of European and American managers in Morocco - Mansour, Bassou El; Wood, Evan D. (Journal of European Industrial Training, 2010)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the training provided to US and European expatriates in Morocco, and subsequently build the body of knowledge for international HRD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
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The perceptions of educators on factors contributing to grade repetition in Lesotho primary schools - Ntho-Ntho, Albertina Maitumeleng (2010)
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Prevalence of zinc deficiency among primary school children in a poor peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa - Samuel, Folake; Egal, Abdulkadir; Oldewage‐Theron, Wilna; Napier, Carin; Venter, C S (Health Sa Gesondheid, 2010)
This cross-sectional study assessed the risk of zinc deficiency in randomly selected children, aged between 7 and 11 years, living in a poor, peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa. Dietary intake of 149 respondents was evaluated by 24-hour recall and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric and biochemical indices of a subset of 113 were determined. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were computed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Anthropometric data were analysed using the World Health Organization Anthro plus version 1.0.2 statistical software. Dietary data were analysed with FoodFinder® version 3. The mean age of the children was 9.0±1.1 years. Few zinc-rich sources appeared in the diet that was predominantly plant-based. Mean dietary zinc intake was 4.6±2.2 mg/day. The mean value of serum zinc was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, with 46% of the children having values less than the 70 µg/dL cut-off. The findings indicate a high risk of zinc deficiency and suboptimal zinc status for the majority of this study population of children, possibly as a result of low consumption of food sources with high bioavailability of zinc, which invariably is a direct consequence of poverty and food insecurity.OpsommingDie doel van hierdie dwarsdeursnitstudie was die bepaling van die risiko van ’n sinktekort in ’n ewekansige steekproef van 7 tot 11 jaar-oue kinders, woonagtig in ’n arm, voorstedelike informele woonbuurt in Suid Afrika. Dieetinnames van 149 respondente is geëvalueer deur 24-uur herroep en kwantitatiewe voedselfrekwensie vraelyste. Antropometriese en biochemiese indikatore van ’n kleiner steekproef van 113 is ook bepaal. Beskrywende statistiek, analise van variansie en Pearsonkorrelasies is bepaal deur die Statistical Package for Social Sciences, uitgawe 14.0. Antropometriese data is geanaliseer deur die statistiese program, Anthro plus, uitgawe 1.0.2, van die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Dieetdata is met behulp van FoodFinder® uitgawe 3 geanaliseer. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders was 9.0±1.1 jaar. Min sinkryke voedselbronne is in die hoofsaaklik plantryke dieet waargeneem. Die gemiddelde sinkinname was 4.6±2.2 mg/dag en die gemiddelde serumsinkwaarde was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, met 46% van die kinders se waardes onder die 70 µg/dL afsnypunt. Die bevindings dui op ’n hoë risiko vir sinktekort en suboptimale sinkstatus vir die meerderheid van hierdie kinders, moontlik as gevolg van die swak inname van voedselbronne met hoë biobeskikbare sink, wat gewoonlik ’n direkte gevolg van armoede en huishoudelike voedsel insekuriteit is.
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Dynamics of African easterly Wave storm track - Aiyyer, Anantha (29th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology (10-14 May 2010), 2010)
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Effect of training on the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets on the burden of malaria among vulnerable groups, south-west Ethiopia: baseline results of a cluster randomized trial - Deribew, Amare; Alemseged, Fessehaye; Birhanu, Zewudie; Sena, Lelisa; Tegegn, Ayalew; Zeynudin, Ahmed; Dejene, Tariku; Sudhakar, Morankar; Abdo, Nasir; Tessema, Fasil (Malaria Journal, 2010)
In Ethiopia, the utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLITN) is hampered by behavioural factors such as low awareness and negative attitude of the community. The aim of this study was to present the design and baseline results of a cluster randomized trial on the effect of training of household heads on the use of LLITN.This baseline survey was undertaken from February to March, 2009 as part of a randomized cluster trial. A total of 11 intervention and 11 control Gots (villages) were included in the Gilgel Gibe Field Research Centre, south-west Ethiopia. House to house visit was done in 4135 households to collect information about the use of LLITN and socio-demographic variables. For the diagnosis of malaria and anaemia, blood samples were collected from 2410 under-five children and 242 pregnant women.One fourth of the households in the intervention and control Gots had functional LLITN. Only 30% of the observed LLITN in the intervention and 28% in the control Gots were hanged properly. Adults were more likely to utilize LLITN than under-five children in the control and intervention Gots. The prevalence of malaria in under-five children in the intervention and control Gots was 10.5% and 8.3% respectively. The intervention and control Gots had no significant difference concerning the prevalence of malaria in under-five children, [OR = 1.28, (95%CI: 0.97, 1.69)]. Eight (6.1%) pregnant women in the intervention and eight (7.2%) in the control Gots were positive for malaria (P = 0.9). Children in the intervention Gots were less likely to have anaemia than children in the control Gots, [OR = 0.75, (95%CI: 0.62, 0.85)].The availability and utilization of LLITN was low in the study area. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia was high. Intervention strategies of malaria should focus on high risk population and vulnerable groups.
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Student-led, Community Driven Improvement of the Drinking Supply in a Rural Village in South Africa. - Heil, Ethan; Nengwenani, Duncan; Raedani, Audrey; Gutiérrez, Verónica; Nthambeleni, Gadisi; Mathoma, Khuthalani; Brown-Glazner, Rachel; Swap, R. J. (International journal for service learning in engineering (Online), 2010)
This paper presents the extension of a sustainable water purification project conducted by engineering students from the University of Venda in South Africa and the University of Virginia in the United States. Through collaboration with faculty at both universities and a community in rural South Africa, the student team facilitated the repair of a water filtration system installed the previous year. While the team had the specific goal to repair the system, they entered into this commitment with an open-ended approach to problem solving that drew heavily on community engagement and participation. The following paper describes the technical details of the project and the process by which the community was enabled to take the lead in the assessment, design and implementation of a sustainable repair to their water filtration system.
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Distance Education And The Development Of Technical And Vocational Education: Experience From Ghana - Hordzi, Whk; Mensah, Agnes Adwoa (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2010)
This paper discusses Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) distance education programmes in Ghana. The paper starts with a review of the history and importance of TVET in the country. It continues to discuss the TVET distance education programmes of University of Education, Winneba and TVET distance education programme of the Presidential Special Initiative on Distance Learning (PSI-DL). The paper also takes a look at the implications of the TVET distance education programmes in relation to distance education principles. This has been done in the framework of readiness for change by stakeholders in education, competence of providers, the needed technology and quality issues. It was pointed out that support services are very important quality determinants of distance education. One of the recommendations is that the Government of Ghana needs to re-equip the existing technical and vocational institutions in the country so that they can effectively serve both conventional and distance learners.Key Words: Technical, Vocational, Distance education, support services, training.
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Influence Of Creativity Teaching Strategy On Students’ Performance And Motivation In The Topic “Energy” In Secondary School Physics In Nakuru District, Kenya - Hungi, SK; Changeiywo, JM (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2010)
Physics education in Kenyan secondary schools has been re-emphasized due to the realization of the role it can play in the industrial and technological development of the country. Currently, few candidates take Physics examination at Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E) level, partly due to low motivation and persistent poor performance associated with it. At the same time research conducted in Kenyan secondary schools indicates low levels of creativity, motivation and poor performance in science subjects leading to many stakeholders questioning the preparedness of the K.C.S.E graduates’ to meet challenges in their scientific world, and also the Education System’s ability to meet its initial objectives of training man power required for the country to be industrialized by the year 2010. The purpose of this study was to develop a creativity teaching module for the topic “Energy” and find its influence on both learner motivation and scientific creative skills of sensitivity and planning among form three secondary schools physics students in Nakuru District. Solomon three – quasi experimental group design was used to obtain a sample through random assignment. Control group (C1) and theexperimental group (E) sat for a pre-test, but the second control group (C2) did not. After a three weeks treatment on groups E and C2, all the groups then sat for a post-test. Data collected from the tests were analyzed using the t-test (at 5% significance level) and ANOVA, while chi square test was used to analyze the data from the P-SAQ questionnaires. Results obtained showed that Creativity Teaching Strategy influenced learners’ motivation and creative skills of planning and sensitivity significantly. The results would be useful to curriculum planners, educational officers and physics teachers. Key words: creativity teaching strategy, students’ performance, moti
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Bantu oral narratives in the training of English Foreign Language teachers in Mozambique - Maciel, Carla Maria Ataíde (2010)
Mozambiqueis a former Portuguese colonized country which is located in the southeastern coast ofAfrica. The country is surrounded by former British colonized countries that use English as their official language. The majority of people inMozambiquespeak Bantu languages, which are the indigenous languages of the country. Yet the knowledge of European languages, particularly Portuguese and English, is associated with better social and economical rewards.
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Matching Intended And Actual French Curriculum Objectives In Selected Secondary Schools In Kenya - Omusonga, TO; Kazadi, IM; Indoshi, F. C. (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2010)
Intended French curriculum objectives refer to four official objectives of teaching and learning French in secondary schools in Kenya as laid down in syllabuses; namely, to equip learners with basic communicative skills, give learners access to oral and written materials, facilitate further studies, and promote global peace (Republic of Kenya, 2002). On the other hand actual curriculum objectives refer to what teachers and students of French perceive to be the objectives of teaching and learning French in secondary schools in Kenya. It is imperative that the intended and actual French curriculum objectives should match for there to be effective learning. However, the facts that French subject at secondary school continues to register low enrolment and retention of students as well as poor performance in national examinations indicate a mismatch between the 2 kinds of objectives. The purpose of the study therefore was to match intended and actual French curriculum objectives in secondary schools in Kenya. The study is based on survey design. It was carried out in 16 secondary schools offering French in Western Province of Kenya, selected by stratified random sampling to include provincial, district and private school categories. Saturated sampling technique was used to select 16 teachers of French and 327 students of French, from the 16 sample schools. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (t test). The study found match on only one objective of equipping learners with basic communicative skills. Based on these findings, it is recommended that officially French be taught starting from primary schoolsand equipping learners with basic communicative skills for effective communication where French is required be recognized as the main objective of teaching and learning French in secondary schools in Kenya.Key Words: French Curriculum, Intended Objectives, Actual Objectives, Performance
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A survey of challenges and career aspirations of clinical dental students in Nigerian universities - Oo, Orenuga; daCosta, OO (Nigerian Dental Journal, 2010)
Objective: The study assessed undergraduate challenges and career aspirations of clinical dental students in Nigerian Universities. Method: A cross-sectional study in which all clinical dental students were evaluated. Data collection was by self-administered questionnaires distributed to the study population, which required demographic information location of dental school, entry qualification, choice of dentistry as a career, assessment of the dental programme and improvements suggest to make a difference in the programme. Result: There were 197 respondents, 98 males (49.7%) and 99 females (50.3%). Male: female was 1:1.01, mean age was 24.9 (+2.8). The majority, 191(97.0 %) were admitted through the Joint Admission Matriculation Board Examinations (JAMB-E). Benin dental school had the highest number of students, 77 (39.1%). One hundred and ninety-four (98.47%) of these Nigerian students were from the southern geo-political zones of the country. Undefined curriculum (23.86%), lack of dental materials (20.3%) and faulty equipment (18.78%) were the commonest constraints reported by the students during the undergraduate training. The need for improved clinical teaching and supervision by consultants was recommended by 31.47% of the students. Significantly more females wanted to specialize in paedodontics (p=0.00) and more males in oral and maxillofacial surgery (p=0.00). Conclusion: While provision of formal lectures was considered satisfactory in most of the dental schools, a definite need for improvement in the clinical aspect of training was reported by the students. This included chair side teaching and provision of materials for patient management. Lack of a well defined and specific curriculum was perceived as a major problem in some of the dental schools. Key words: Dental education, students, career aspirations
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Analysis Of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills By Location, Gender And The Skills Relationship To Motivation To Learn Academic Disciplines In Amoud University, Somaliland - Osman, RM; Githua, BN (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2010)
The study examined students’ critical thinking skills (CTS) at Amound University, Somaliland and compared their CTS with the U.S.A normative sample of 2,677 university students. Students’ CTS was also compared by gender and its relationship with students’ motivation (SMOT) to learn their academic disciplines at the university determined. Critical thinking skills have recently assumed a vital role among educationists with some of them considering it as the most important goal of education system. A sample of 136 students (99 men, 37 women) registered in Amoud University, Somaliland in year 2, 3 & 4 of study in the academic year 2006/2007, was selected randomly for the study. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), with 34 items and 16 items to measure SMOT were used to collect data from the respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. All tests were based on the .05 level of significance. Results indicated that there were significant differences in CTS between the USA normative sample and that of Amoud University in favour of USA sample. In addition there was a significant correlation between university students’ critical thinking skills and their motivation to learn their subject matter (r=.277, p
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Legitimacy of language policies in South African public schools : a case law perspective - Peens, David Daniel (2010)
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The non-stationary correlations between West African precipitation and Atlantic hurricane activity - Schrage, Jon M. (29th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology (10-14 May 2010), 2010)
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Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among blood donors at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: declining trends over a period of five years - Tessema, Belay; Yismaw, Gizachew; Kassu, Afework; Amsalu, Anteneh; Mulu, Andargachew; Emmrich, Frank; Sack, Ulrich (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2010)
Transfusion-transmissible infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety for the recipient. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors and trends of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among blood donors over a period of five years at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.A retrospective analysis of consecutive blood donors' records covering the period between January 2003 and December 2007 was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections.From the total of 6361 consecutive blood donors, 607 (9.5%) had serological evidence of infection with at least one pathogen and 50 (0.8%) had multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis was 3.8%, 4.7%, 0.7%, and 1.3% respectively. Among those with multiple infections, the most common combinations were HIV-syphilis 19 (38%) and HIV-HBV 17 (34%). The seropositivity of HIV was significantly increased among female blood donors, first time donors, housewives, merchants, soldiers, drivers and construction workers. Significantly increased HBV seropositivity was observed among farmers, first time donors and age groups of 26 - 35 and 36 - 45 years. Similarly, the seroprevalence of syphilis was significantly increased among daily labourers and construction workers. Statistically significant association was observed between syphilis and HIV infections, and HCV and HIV infections. Moreover, significantly declining trends of HIV, HCV and syphilis seropositivity were observed over the study period.A substantial percentage of the blood donors harbour HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections. Strict selection of blood donors and comprehensive screening of donors' blood using standard methods are highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood for recipient.
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Substance Abuse and Its Impact on Students in Kenyan Universities - Changwony, Dinah (2010)
In the recent past higher education in Africa has witnessed significant changes. While this has been a positive development, it is apparent that it has often excluded student experiences that impact on quality learning. As a result, the general public and university community are unaware of the basic aspects of student life including substances of abuse. This book illuminates the profound challenge of substance abuse among university students in Kenya. It fills the void in planning for the present and future of African universities by highlighting the impact of substance abuse on students' participation in academic activities. It recommends a holistic approach to reforms in higher education policies that include quality of learning environments and student participation in academic activities. The book is useful to higher education policy makers, curriculum developers, university community and development partners.
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Identifying potential synergies and trade-offs for meeting food security and climate change objectives in sub-Saharan Africa - Palm, Cheryl; Smukler, Sean; Sullivan, Clare; Mutuo, Paul; Nyadzi, Gerson; Walsh, Markus (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010)
Potential interactions between food production and climate mitigation are explored for two situations in sub-Saharan Africa, where deforestation and land degradation overlap with hunger and poverty. Three agriculture intensification scenarios for supplying nitrogen to increase crop production (mineral fertilizer, herbaceous legume cover crops–green manures–and agroforestry–legume improved tree fallows) are compared to baseline food production, land requirements to meet basic caloric requirements, and greenhouse gas emissions. At low population densities and high land availability, food security and climate mitigation goals are met with all intensification scenarios, resulting in surplus crop area for reforestation. In contrast, for high population density and small farm sizes, attaining food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions require mineral fertilizers to make land available for reforestation; green manure or improved tree fallows do not provide sufficient increases in yields to permit reforestation. Tree fallows sequester significant carbon on cropland, but green manures result in net carbon dioxide equivalent emissions because of nitrogen additions. Although these results are encouraging, agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa with mineral fertilizers, green manures, or improved tree fallows will remain low without policies that address access, costs, and lack of incentives. Carbon financing for small-holder agriculture could increase the likelihood of success of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries programs and climate change mitigation but also promote food security in the region.
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Change Is Gonna Come: Transforming Literacy Education for African American Students - Edwards, Patricia A.; McMillon, Gwendolyn Thompson; Turner, Jennifer D. (2010)
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Doing the Work: A Portrait of an African American Mother as an Education Activist - Kakli, Zenub (The Urban Review, 2010)
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Africa's Climate Change Reality: The African Initiative Congress on Climate Change - Shaw, Erica (2010)
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Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows - Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Stansfield, S. A.; Sparks, R. S. J.; Njome, Manga S.; Wantim, Mabel Nechia; Ernst, Gérald (Geological Magazine, 2010)
Abstract The morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon volcano are documented and discussed in relation to local and source dynamics. Structures are analysed qualitatively and more detailed arguments are developed on the processes of levee formation and systematic links between flow dynamics and levee–channel interface geometry. The flows have clear channels bordered by four main types of levees: initial, accretionary, rubble and overflow levees. Thermally immature pahoehoe lava units with overflow drapes define the proximal zone, whereas rubble and accretionary levees are common in the distal region bordering thermally mature aa clinker or blocky aa flow channels. Pressure ridges, squeeze-ups and pahoehoe ropes are the prevalent compressive structures. Standlines displayed on clinkery breccias are interpreted to represent levee–channel interactions in response to changing flow levels. These data complement previous knowledge on lava flow morphology, thus far dominated by Etnean and Hawaiian examples.
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Veterinary education in South Africa : the classes of 1936 & 1937 : historical communication - Bigalke, R.D. (Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2010)
Concise descriptions are given of the varied life histories of the students of the classes of 1936 and 1937. Consisting of 14 students, the class of 1936 was the largest of the pre-war classes of the Onderstepoort Faculty. Three of the 6 students in the 1937 class were actually repeating their final year, therefore the total number described below is 17 rather than 20. The detailed analysis of their careers reveals the presence of a remarkable degree of variation. Although all except Brookes, who apparently went directly into the newly established practice of Jack Boswell, initially joined the local government service, most of them became specialists in their disciplines. Four soon established very successful private practices. Five of the 6 who spent their entire careers in the South African Veterinary (Field) Services, finally occupied very senior positions in that division. One of them (Kluge) made a major contribution to the control of tsetse flies in this country and another (Belonje) became a specialist in equine infertility. Four of the graduates opted for a research career, 3 of them also teaching at the Faculty. Of all of these, only De Boom (Anatomy Embryology), who was a consummate teacher, took on a fulltime position as Professor and Head of the Department when the Faculty became independent from the Onderstepoort Research Institute in 1973. De Lange (Surgery Gynaecology), however, relinquished his professorship to become a deputy director of the Institute. Sutton became a household name to the many students who passed through his hands in Animal Management. Haig (Virology) became one of the most famous of the many researchers produced by Onderstepoort. Van der Walt showed much promise as a researcher but died at the age of only 45. Two more died before they were 35 years old. Two had sons who also became veterinarians while one's grandson followed in his grandfather's and father's footsteps.
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Prevalence of overweight and underweight in public and private schools in the Seychelles - Bovet, Pascal; Chioléro, Arnaud; Madeleine, George; Paccaud, Fred (International journal of pediatric obesity (Print), 2010)
We compared the prevalence of body weight categories between public and private schools in the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the African region.In 2004-2006, weight and height were measured and self-reported information on physical activity collected in children of three selected grades in all schools in the country. Overweight, obesity and thinness were defined according to standard criteria.Based on 8 462 students (377 in private schools), the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was markedly higher in private than public schools (boys: 37% [95% CI: 31-44] vs. 15% [14-16]; girls: 33% [26-41] vs. 20% [19-22]). The prevalence of thinness grade 1 was lower in private than public schools (boys: 9% [5-13] vs. 20% [19-21]; girls: 13% [8-18] vs. 19% [18-20]). Students in private schools reported more physical activity at leisure time while students in public schools reported larger weekly walking time.Our findings suggest that school type may be a useful indicator for assessing the association between socio-economic status and overweight in children, and that overweight affects wealthy children more often than others in developing countries.
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La Libéralisation Commerciale a-t-elle un Impact sur le Comportement des étudiants Sud Africains ? / Does Trade Liberalization have an Impact on the Behavior of South African students? - Maisonnave, Hélène (2010)
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The Construct Validity of the Self Description Questionnaire on High School Students in Kenya - Mucherah, Winnie; Finch, Holmes (International Journal of Testing, 2010)
This study investigated the structural equivalence of the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ) in relation to Kenyan high school students. A total of 1,990 students from two same-sex boarding schools participated. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the overall model fit the data well. However, an examination of the individual factors revealed that only 3 of the 13 had all items loading well. These low loading values may be attributed to a combination of cultural differences between Kenyan children and the Western children on whom the scale was initially normed as well as to the complexity of the sentence structures of some items, which may have been difficult for the non-native English speaking students to fully understand. The findings from this study have important implications for those considering the use of the SDQ in African countries. The lack of construct equivalence for some of the subscales may be due in part to the use of colloquialisms in some of the items, and to the differing nature of religious beliefs in the African culture, when compared with those more common in the west. Thus, care needs to be taken when using the SDQ in these differing cultural contexts.
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MOZAMBIQUE: Drought And Floods (Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 2010)
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 47, Issue 3 p. 18622B-18623C MOZAMBIQUE: Drought And Floods First published: 04 May 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2010.03187.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume47, Issue3May 2010Pages 18622B-18623C RelatedInformation
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Usage of Computers and internet for teaching and learning mathematics: A case Study of selected Senior High Schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana - Ablorh, Paul Mark (2010)
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Attitudes of Female Students at Physical Education Department at Kadoorie University in Palestine towards Playing Soccer - Abu-Tame’, Bahjat; Hamdan, Bassam (An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 2010)
This study aims at identifying female students, attitudes in the physical education department at kadoorie University towards playing soccer, and identifying the differences in female students attitudes in regard to variables such as practicing and watching soccer. To achieve the purposes of study, a modified (Kenyon) scale was used to collect data. The random sample of study was consisted of (67) female students. The results revealed positive attitudes where the mean reached (3.87). The ranking of attitudes according to their level as follows: beauty domain, as pursuit of vertigo, health & fitness, sociology, and social. Also there were significant statistical differences in female student’s duo to: practicing and watching variable in favor of football practices and watching. Based on the study findings the researchers recommended that the female student’s attitudes should be invested to increase the scope of playing. هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى اتجاهات طالبات قسم التربية الرياضية في جامعة خضوري في فلسطين نحو ممارسة كرة القدم، إضافة إلى تحديد الفروق في اتجاهات الطالبات تبعاً لمتغير كل من ممارسة ومشاهدة كرة القدم، ولتحقيق ذلك أجريت الدراسة على عينة عشوائية قوامها (67) طالبة، طبق عليها مقياس كنون (Kenyon) المعدل لقياس الاتجاهات. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن اتجاهات الطالبات نحو كرة القدم كانت ايجابية بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (3.87)، وأن ترتيب المجالات كان وعلى التوالي: (مجال الجمال والتعبير، التفوق الرياضي، الصحة واللياقة، النفسي، الاجتماعي)، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق في اتجاهات الطالبات نحو كرة القدم تعزى لمتغير الممارسة ولصالح الممارسات ولمتغير المشاهدة ولصالح المشاهدات. وأوصى الباحثان بعدة توصيات من أهمها، تعزيز واستثمار اتجاهات الطالبات نحو كرة القدم بهدف زيادة رقعة وقاعدة الممارسة.
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Availability and Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Six Nigerian University Library Schools - Abubakar, Bappah Magaji (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have taken a central position in all spheres of human endeavor. Their roles in societal development have been considered pervasive. In fact Karisiddappa (2004) asserts that a sustainable development of a nation, today ICT has become essential knowledge to every nation and more so to the developing nations. This clearly indicates that ICTs now serves as backbone for societal development in all ramifications. Information and Communication Technology are now applied to all fields of human endeavor. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a term that has various meanings. Some scholars see it as a term that encompasses a lot of activities involving the acquisition, storage, processing and dissemination of information through the use of appropriate software and hardware designed for that purpose. Wirsiy and Shafack (2002) have defined Information Technology as: a broad-based term that encompasses the gathering (acquisition) organization (packaging), storage and retrieval (dissemination) of information that can be in textual or numerical (books, documents), pictorial and vocal forms (audiovisual) or a combination of all the above (multi-media), using a combination of computers and telecommunications (telephony). Womboh and Abba (2008) notes that ICT and Information Technology (IT) are similar concepts that can be used interchangeably. According to them IT implies communication and therefore the two terms are synonymous. Information and Communication Technology have a positive effect on library profession and should therefore be embraced by Nigerian Library Schools just as their counterparts in other parts of the world. Literature Review LIS Education in Nigeria Nigeria is the cradle of library and information science (LIS) training in West Africa. Librarianship training in Nigeria started at the Institute of Librarianship at the then University College Ibadan (now University of Ibadan ) in 1959. The training was at the leadership level because it was started at a graduate level, and it produced the first set of indigenous librarians for West Africa (Aina, 2007). The Ibadan LIS school was established with the assistance of the Carnegie Corporation of New York after Harold Lancour's report of 1957.The establishment in 1959 of the Institute of Librarianship at Ibadan with its initial enrollment of six students in 1960-1961 session marked the beginning of Information education programs in Nigerian Universities (Nweke, 1995). The establishment of the second school of Librarianship in Nigeria was preceded by the famous F.A. Sharr's report on the library needs of Northern Nigeria. According to Mohammed (2008) the 1963 F.A. Sharr's report on library needs in Northern Nigeria gave birth to the establishment of the second LIS school in Nigeria in Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria in 1965 to educate and train librarians at the undergraduate level as opposed to that of Ibadan 's Postgraduate Diploma level. After the establishment of the first two library schools in Nigeria, other library schools were subsequently opened in various universities in Nigeria. Igwe (2005) notes that the end of the 1980s saw the establishment of several library schools in Nigeria awarding qualifications up to the Ph.D level. Thus there are a number of university-based LIS schools in Nigeria. Information Technology in LIS Education Advancement in Information technology has brought about tremendous progress in university education across the globe. This is because it has brought about dramatic and dynamic changes in the global system of education to which LIS education belongs. Olatokun (2007) who quoted Jacobsen (1998) observes that ICTs are rapidly affecting the way university education is delivered and research conducted. They are also currently being used effectively in higher education for information access and delivery in libraries, for research and development, for communication, and for teaching and learning. …
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Strategy processes, practices and learning in organisations in Mauritius - Agathee, Ushad Subadar; Boojihawon, Dev Kumar; Sanassee, R. V.; Oogarah-Hanuman, Vanisha (2010)
Strategy matters! It is hard to think of an organisation without a strategy, and one without is pointless. Any organisation, whatever its size and shape, needs strategy to survive, compete and prosper successfully in any given context. Strategy, however, is not a given. It requires a process of thought, choice, decisive action and management, and is prone to change whenever applied. Hence the subject matter of strategic management. In theory, strategy (or strategic management) concerns the vision or long-term objectives of the organisation and the general means for realizing them; it is different from short-term objectives and routine operations. Strategy is about understanding, shaping and managing a business for its competitive success. In these times of global economic crisis the need for smart strategic thinking is heightened more than ever as companies, the world over, are struggling their way out of troubled economic waters. Success now demands strategic management of high quality. Mauritius is facing an ever growing challenge to meet the demands of international competitiveness at all levels. Are our firms and managers adequately equipped to envision the state of their industry and the kinds of competition they will be facing down the line? This study starts to understand this question by investigating the nature of strategy processes, practices and learning in organisations based in Mauritius. Using a mixed methodology of survey and in-depth interviews, it infers that organisations in Mauritius are limited in their approaches to understand, practice and learn the principles and tools of strategic management. Those organisations which do try to practice a strategic approach are either overwhelmed by operational thinking and micro management, or are unclear about several key aspects of the strategy process, and therefore do not seem to benefit. The majority of respondents, however, do recognise the added value of strategic management in enabling their competitive success. Indepth study of some successful enterprises in Mauritius reveals that the basis of their successes overtime has been the astute application of strategic management principles. This study opens some very important practical and academic avenues for further thinking, application and research on strategic management in Mauritius. It is important to realise that the lasting competitiveness of Mauritian organisations will be a product of the strategic choices they make now; these choices are themselves the outcomes of rigorous analyses and meticulous evaluations of competing options under some very dynamic and uncertain set of assumptions. Nothing therefore can be left to chance. Success depends on applying some smart strategic thinking!
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Examination of students' views on guidance and counselling services in Ghana - Ahyia, Mary (2010)
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Mantle Xenolith-Bearing Volcanics from the Cainozoic Adrar N'ajjer Massif (North Central-oriental Hoggar, South Algeria) : Petrological Evidences - Aît-Hamou, Farida; Grégoire, Marilaure; O’Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Griffin, William L.; Coltorti, Massimo (The EGU General Assembly, 2010)
(1) Faculte des Sciences de la Terre, de la Geographie et Amenagement du Territoire, Universite des Sciences et Technologies Houari Boumedienne, USTHB, Algiers, ALGERIA (aithamou_fa@yahoo.fr), (2) DDTP-UMR 5562,Observatoire Midi Pyrenees, Universite Toulouse III, Toulouse, France (michel.gregoire@dtp.obs-mip.fr), (3) ARC National Key Centre for Geochemical Evolution and Metallogeny of Continents (GEMOC), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia (soreilly@els.mq.edu.au ;wgriffin@els.mq.edu.au), (4) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (clt@unife.it )
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Application of South African sign Language (SASL) in a bilingual-Bicultural approach in education of the deaf - Akach, Philemon (2010)
This paper relates the discourse relating to linguistic imperialism and sign languages in Africa. The argument advances the point of view that a majority of African indigenous languages are marginalised by the former colonial languages that have been adopted as official languages in most post-independence African nations. In this dialectic, the position of sign languages in Africa is even more precarious than those of African indigenous languages, because sign languages are even further marginalised by African indigenous languages. Based on an experiential account by the author that spans more than 27 years of active involvement in Deaf education in Africa, this paper presents a critique of the state of sign languages in Africa through a detailed literature review of the discourse of linguistic imperialism and a critical appraisal of the state of sign language(s) in South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Namibia. The paper points out the dilemma attendant to the development of sign languages in Africa because they are victims of double linguistic imperialism – from the dominant former colonial languages which have been adopted as official languages in many African countries, and from African indigenous languages. Key Terms: Linguistic imperialism, Sign languages in Africa, African indigenous languages, Former colonial languages, Deaf education in Africa.
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The response of African equatorial foF2 to geomagnetic storms: Comparison between observations and IRI-2007 predictions - Akala, A.O.; Somoye, E.O.; Adeloye, A. B. (Advances in Space Research, 2010)
This study examines the response of the African equatorial ionospheric foF2 to different levels of geomagnetic storms, using the foF2 hourly data for the year 1989 from Ouagadougou (12.4°N, 1.5°W, dip: 2.8°N). The study also compares the observed data for the selected storm periods with the latest IRI model (IRI-2007). The foF2 values (both observed and predicted) show typical features of daytime peak and post-midnight minimum peak. The response of the ionospheric foF2 over Ouagadougou to storms events, during the night-time and post-midnight hours indicates negative responses of the ionospheric foF2, while that of the daytime hours indicates positive responses. For the investigation on the variability of the observed foF2 with respect to IRI-2007 model, with the exception of the analysis of the 20–22, October, 1989 data, where a midday peak was also observed on the first day, this study reveals two characteristic daily foF2 variability peaks: post-midnight and evening peaks. In addition, for all the geomagnetic storms considered, the URSI and CCIR coefficients of the IRI-2007 model show reasonable correspondence with each other, except for some few discrepancies. For instance, the event of 28–30 August, 1989 shows comparatively higher variability for the URSI coefficient, and at the foF2 peak values, the event of 20–22 October, 1989 shows that the CCIR coefficient is more susceptible to foF2 variability than the URSI coefficient. This study is aimed at providing African inputs for the future improvement of the IRI model.
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Gender, British administration and mission management of education in Zambia 1900–1939 - Allen, Julia M. (Journal of educational administration and history, 2010)
Abstract This article discusses the impact of including gender in the analytical framework in a study of the management and provision of education in Zambia from 1900 to 1939. It shows that a focus on gender allows females to enter the historical narrative and the leadership of women such as Mabel Shaw, Hannah Frances Davidson and Julia Smith can be given recognition. Furthermore, complexities associated with the politics of sexuality and gender can be seen to have had an influence on the structure of schools, teacher employment, curriculum choice, pupil expectations and parental demands. Keywords: gendermission historyZambiacolonialismhistory of education Notes 1Joan W. Scott, ‘Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis’, The American Historical Review 91 (1986): 1053–75. 2Joan W. Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia University Press, 1999), 1. 3Ibid, xii. 4Joan Scott, ‘Unanswered Questions’, The American Historical Review 113 (2008): 1430. 5See examples in M.T. Huber and N.C. Lutkehaus, eds., Gendered Missions (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999). 6J.W. Davidson, The Northern Rhodesia Legislative Council (London: Faber and Faber, 1947). 7A.J. Wills, An Introduction to the History of Central Africa (London: Oxford University Press, 1973). 8P.D. Snelson, Educational Development in Northern Rhodesia 1883–1945 (Ndola, Zambia: Falcon Press, 1970). 10Elizabeth Prevost, ‘Assessing Women, Gender, and Empire in Britain’s Nineteenth‐century Protestant Missionary Movement’, History Compass 7 (2009): 765. 9F.K. Prochaska, Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth Century England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). 11Hannah Frances Davidson, South and South Central Africa (Elgin, UK: Brethren Publishing House, 1915). 12Prevost, ‘Assessing Women’, 766. 13Ibid, 766. 14Deborah Kirkwood, ‘Protestant Missionary Women: Wives and Spinsters’, in Women and Missions: Past and Present, ed. Fiona Bowie, Deborah Kirkwood, and Shirley Ardener (Oxford: Berg, 1993), 23–42. 15Ibid, 29. 16Bowie, ‘Introduction’, in Bowie, Kirkwood, and Ardener, Women and Missions, 23–42. 17Snelson, Educational Development. 18John Young, The Quiet Wise Spirit: Edwin Smith and Africa 1876–1957 (Peterborough, UK: Epworth Press, 2002), 57. 19Julia Smith, Sunshine and Shade in Central Africa (London: Edwin Dalton, 1908), 25. 20Ibid, 26. 21Ibid, 26. 22Prevost, ‘Assessing Women’, 767. 23Andrew Porter, Religion Versus Empire? British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700–1914 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2004), 330. 24Elizabeth Isichei, ‘Does Christianity Empower Women? The Case of the Anaguta of Central Nigeria’, in Bowie, Kirkwood, and Ardener, Women and Missions. 25Snelson, Educational Development. Note discussion over the use of the notion of the tribe. See B.J. Bermann ‘Ethnicity, Patronage and the African State: The Politics of Uncivil Nationalism’, African Affairs 97 (1998): 310. Bermann writes that: ‘Africans existed within a reality of multiple overlapping and alternative collective identities’. 26Terence Ranger, ‘African Attempts to Control Education in East and Central Africa 1900–1939’, Past and Present 32 (1965): 57–85. 27Porter, Religion Versus Empire? 28Snelson, Educational Development. 29Ibid. 30J.P. Ragsdale, Protestant Mission Education in Zambia 1880–1954 (London and Toronto: Associated University Press, 1986). 31‘Education Policy in British Tropical Africa, 1925’, in Snelson, Educational Development, 142. 32L.J. Lewis, Phelps‐Stokes Reports on Education in Africa (London: Oxford University Press, 1962). 33Clive Whitehead, ‘The Concept of British Education Policy in the Colonies 1850–1960’, Journal of Educational Administration and History 39 (2007): 161–73. 34Lewis, Phelps‐Stokes Reports. 35Sybille Kuster, ‘“Book Learning” versus “Adapted Education”: The Impact of Phelps‐Stokesism on Colonial Education Systems in Central Africa in the Interwar Period’, Paedagogica Historica 43 (2007): 85. 36Ibid, 85. 37Peter Kallaway, ‘Welfare and Education in British Colonial Africa and South Africa during the 1930s and 1940s’, Paedagogica Historica 41 (2005): 337–56. 38Porter, Religion Versus Empire? 39Terence Ranger, ‘White Presence and Power in Africa’, Journal of African History 20 (1979): 463–96. 40In Sean Morrow, ‘“No Girl Leaves this School Unmarried”: Mabel Shaw and the Education of Girls at Mbereshi, Northern‐Rhodesia 1915–1940’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies 19 (1986): 605. 41Brendan Carmody, ‘Catholic Schools in Zambia’, History of Education 28 (1999): 73–86. 42 Central Africa (1936): 24. In Rhodes House Library, University of Oxford. This was the journal of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa. 43In the early days of the UMCA the station at Zanzibar did offer girls a more advanced education. See A.E.M. Morshead, The History of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa 1859–1898 (London: UMCA Press, 1955). 44 Central Africa (1935): 11. 45A.G. Blood, The History of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa. 1907–1932 (London: UMCA Press, 1957). 46Ibid. 47Carmody, ‘Catholic Schools in Zambia’. 48Ranger, ‘African Attempts to Control Education’, 69. 49Clive Whitehead, ‘The Historiography of British Imperial Education Policy, Part II Africa and the Rest of the Colonial Empire’, History of Education 34 (2005): 441–54. 50Snelson, Educational Development. 51William Govan‐Robertson (October 28, 1917) report on Miss Hettie Edwards, Central African Correspondence, Box 18, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (SOAS). 52Whitehead, ‘British Educational Policy’. 53For further details of Shaw’s work see: Julia Allen, ‘Mabel Shaw’s Theology in the Context of her Work as a Christian Missionary Teacher in Northern Rhodesia 1915–1940’, Feminist Theology 16 (2008): 194–210. 54Mabel Shaw, Dawn in Africa (London: Edinburgh House Press, 1927). 55Harold Wareham (February 15, 1918) letter to the Board of the LMS in London, Box 18, SOAS. A few authors, including Morrow, ‘No Girl’, have emphasised that Shaw was difficult to work with. It is clear that Mbereshi had a reputation for poor relationships between missionaries before Shaw arrived at the station. 56Minutes of the Meeting of the Central African District Committee (1920), Central African Correspondence, Box 19, SOAS. 57Govan‐Robertson (June 15, 1921), letter to the LMS Board, Box 19, SOAS. 58Bernard Turner (December 9, 1921), letter to LMS Board, Box 19, SOAS. 59Turner (January 31, 1925), letter to LMS Board, Box 19, SOAS. 60See Allen, ‘Mabel Shaw’s Theology’ for an account of how Shaw was gradually trusted by indigenous parents to take over sex education at Mbereshi School. 61Shaw (November 5, 1926), letter to LMS Board, Box 22, SOAS. 62Latham (June 23, 1928), letter to Board of LMS, Box 22, SOAS. 63Latham (April 17, 1928), letter to Francis Hawkins, Box 22, SOAS. 64Latham (June 23, 1928), letter to Board of LMS, Box 22, SOAS. 65Shaw (April 2, 1930), letter to Board of the LMS, Box 24, SOAS. 66Ibid. 67Ibid. 68Margaret Sabin (January 9, 1933), letter to her mother and sisters, Box 2, SOAS. 69LMS Annual Report (1930), SOAS. 70See note 68 above. 71Mbereshi Annual Report (1935), SOAS. 72Ibid. 73Report of the LMS Deputation to Central Africa (1940), Central African Reports, Box 7, SOAS. 74Scott, ‘Gender’, 45–46.
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Yemenis Primary School Teacher Competency - Alnoor, Abdulghani; Ma, Yu (The Social Sciences, 2010)
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Essays on economic growth, education, and the distribution of income: a structural analysis for the case of South Africa. - Badibanga, Thaddee Mutumba (2010)
University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2010. Major: Economics. Advisor: Terry L. Roe. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 98 pages, appendices A-C.
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Intergenerational Perspectives on Education and Employment in the Zambian Copperbelt - Bajaj, Monisha (Comparative Education Review, 2010)
Previous articleNext article No AccessIntergenerational Perspectives on Education and Employment in the Zambian CopperbeltMonisha BajajMonisha Bajaj Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 54, Number 2May 2010 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/651138 Views: 129Total views on this site Citations: 16Citations are reported from Crossref History © 2010 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Taeko Okitsu, D. Brent Edwards, Peggy Mwanza, Scott Miller Low-fee private preschools as the symbol of imagined ‘modernity’? – Parental perspectives on early childhood care and education (ECCE) in an urban informal settlement in Zambia, International Journal of Educational Development 97 (Mar 2023): 102723.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102723Brendan P. Carmody Zambia’s Poorest Progressively Left Behind: Well-Being Denied, (Apr 2022).https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95570 Bibliography, (May 2020): 149–162.https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-559-320201009Amita Chudgar, Youngran Kim, Alyssa Morley, Jutaro Sakamoto Association between completing secondary education and adulthood outcomes in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda, International Journal of Educational Development 68 (Jul 2019): 35–44.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.04.008James Underwood, Thanh Truong Conceptualising Teachers’ Knowledge when Crossing National Boundaries, Polish Journal of Educational Studies 72, no.11 (Apr 2020): 145–161.https://doi.org/10.2478/poljes-2019-0010Susanne Ress Race as a Political Issue in Brazilian South-South Cooperation in Higher Education, Comparative Education Review 62, no.33 (Jun 2018): 409–428.https://doi.org/10.1086/698307Karen Ross Untangling the Intervention-Context Dyad through Horizontal Comparison: Examples from Israeli Peacebuilding Organizations, Comparative Education Review 61, no.22 (Mar 2017): 327–353.https://doi.org/10.1086/691092Clive Harber Educational Outcomes, (Jul 2017): 229–256.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57382-3_11Laura Vega, Monisha Bajaj The right to education in protracted conflict: teachers’ experiences in non-formal education in Colombia, Globalisation, Societies and Education 14, no.33 (Jun 2016): 358–373.https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2015.1121380Katherine V Gough, Francis Chigunta, Thilde Langevang Expanding the scales and domains of (in)security: Youth employment in urban Zambia, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48, no.22 (Nov 2015): 348–366.https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X15613793Alla Korzh Fieldwork Dilemmas, (Jan 2015): 241–259.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-052-9_12Matthew A.M. Thomas, Carolyn M. Thomas, Elisabeth E. Lefebvre Dissecting the teacher monolith: Experiences of beginning basic school teachers in Zambia, International Journal of Educational Development 38 (Sep 2014): 37–46.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.05.006Kristin D. Phillips Dividing the Labor of Development: Education and Participation in Rural Tanzania, Comparative Education Review 57, no.44 (Jul 2015): 637–661.https://doi.org/10.1086/671795Kim Korinek and Sureeporn Punpuing The Effect of Household and Community on School Attrition: An Analysis of Thai Youth, Comparative Education Review 56, no.33 (Jul 2015): 474–510.https://doi.org/10.1086/666911Carolyn M. Thomas, Matthew A.M. Thomas Zambian teachers’ perceptions of expert teaching: resourcefulness, punctuality, and sobriety, International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 25, no.55 (Aug 2012): 583–600.https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2011.605077Diane Brook Napier African socialism, post-colonial development, and education: Change and continuity in the post-socialist era, (Mar 2015): 369–399.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000014017
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Tectonic evolution of Boromo and Houndé belts (western Burkina Faso) : contemporaneous crustal scale folding of volcano-sedimentary sequences and granitoid plutons emplacement (~2.2 - 2.0 Ga) - Baratoux, Lenka; Metelka, Václav; Naba, Séta; Jessell, Mark; Gregoire, M.; Ganne, Jérôme (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
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Dictator games in the lab and in nature: External validity tested and investigated in Ugandan primary schools. - Barr, Abigail; Zeitlin, Andrew (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
This paper tests the external validity of a simple Dictator Game as a laboratory analogue for a naturally occurring policy-relevant decision-making context. In Uganda, where teacher absenteeism is a problem, primary school teachers’ allocations to parents in a Dictator Game are positively but weakly correlated with their time allocations to teaching and, so, negatively correlated with their absenteeism. Guided by a simple theoretical model, we find that the correlation can be improved by allowing for (a) variations in behavioural reference points across teachers and schools and (b) the positive effect if some School Management Committees on teacher attendance.
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Empowerment of bilingual education professionals: the training of trainers programme for educators in multilingual settings in southern Africa (ToTSA) 2002–2005 - Benson, Carol; Plüddemann, Peter (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2010)
Abstract This article describes a South Africa-based training programme in multilingual education for African educators and assesses its potentially transformative effects on participants. Based on a range of data collected during four course runs, as well as an e-mail survey of past participants, the authors explore how the programme has supported educators in promoting mother tongue-based schooling in multilingual African contexts. There is also a discussion of principal challenges involved in delivering a course that balances theory, ideology and practical knowledge. The authors conclude with implications for similar courses to positively impact educational practice in multilingual settings.
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Air Pollution, Asthma, And other Respiratory Conditions in Puerto Rico: The Role Of African Dust - Betancourt, Diana; Collazo, Julio; Suárez, Edu (2010)
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3-D Seismic Images of Mud Volcano North Alex, West-Nile Delta, Egypt - Bialas, J.; Klaeschen, Dirk; Papenberg, Cord; Gehrmann, Romina; Sommer, Malte (The EGU General Assembly, 2010)
The West Nile Delta forms part of the source of the large turbiditic Nile Deep Sea Fan. Since the late Miocene sediments have formed an up to 10 km thick pile, which includes about 1 – 3 km of Messinian evaporates. The sediment load of the overburden implies strong overpressures and salt-related tectonic deformation. Both are favourable for fluid migration towards the seafloor guided by the fractured margin. Deep-cutting channel systems like the Rosetta channel characterize the continental slope. Bathymetric expressions of slides and numerous mud volcanoes in the area are expressions of active processes, which contribute to the ongoing modification of the slope. The western deltaic system, Rosetta branch, has formed an 80 km wide continental shelf. Here at 700 m water depth the mud volcano North Alex developed his circular bathymetric feature, which proved to be an active gas and mud-expelling structure.
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Tensions in the quality assurance processes in post‐apartheid South African schools - Biputh, Barath; McKenna, Sioux (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2010)
This paper tracks the development of the Integrated Quality Management System in South African schools after the dismantling of apartheid in 1994. We argue that the quality processes that are now in place emerged in response to the autocratic school inspection systems that preceded them but did not sufficiently address the impact of educators’ experiences of the preceding systems. In the new democratic environment, it was important that new systems recognized the need for educator and school development. But given the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning in South African schools, it is also not surprising that there was a concern that the new systems should ensure accountability. We analyse interviews with teachers to argue that the new system presents a tension between accountability and development processes which results in surface compliance rather than genuine engagement.
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Student housing African summit : opening address - Botman, H. Russel (2010)
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Impact of climate change upon vector born diseases in Europe and Africa using ENSEMBLES Regional Climate Models - Caminade, Cyril; Morse, Andy (EGUGA, 2010)
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Understanding the potential impact of climate change on long term soil carbon dynamics in tropical cropping systems - evidence from West Africa - Crétenet, Michel; Tittonell, Pablo; Guibert, Hervé (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
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Learning and Challenging Online Social Communication Strategies in Morocco: Gender and Usage by AUI Graduates - Dahmen, Lynne; Chrifi-Alaoui, Fatima Zahrae (International Journal of Learning and Media, 2010)
This study examines the use of Facebook for self-presentation and networking by recent graduates of Al Akhawayn University (AUI), a prestigious English-instruction university in Ifrane, Morocco. These graduates, known among themselves as “AUIers,” present a unique cohort in Moroccan higher education because of the American-inspired, globally-focused undergraduate education they have received. A central question of this study is how these graduates, especially the women, implement learned behaviors for managing professional and social networks within a highly-structured Moroccan communication environment on Facebook. The motivations of AUIers differ from those of cohorts of earlier Internet users in Morocco (Graiouid 2005; Wheeler 2004; Gunawardena et al. 2009); though their online behavior on Facebook often mimics that seen in North America, closer examination reveals how the semipublic nature of Facebook, a type of virtual public sphere, binds behavior according to Moroccan concepts of social organizatio...
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Trauma surgeons to teach life-saving procedures to Somali health workers - Daniel, Lincia (British journal of midwifery, 2010)
Conflicts in Somalia have led to an exodus of skilled health-care workers, however, it is hoped that with funding for teaching, supplies and health resources, the lives of many pregnant women and children can be saved.
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Within-Neighborhood Patterns and Sources of Particle Pollution: Mobile Monitoring and Geographic Information System Analysis in Four Communities in Accra, Ghana - Dionisio, Kathie L.; Rooney, Michael S.; Arku, Raphael E.; Friedman, Ari B.; Hughes, Allison; Vallarino, Jose; Agyei‐Mensah, Samuel; Spengler, John D.; Ezzati, Majid (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010)
BackgroundSources of air pollution in developing country cities include transportation and industrial pollution, biomass and coal fuel use, and resuspended dust from unpaved roads.ObjectivesOur goal was to understand within-neighborhood spatial variability of particulate matter (PM) in communities of varying socioeconomic status (SES) in Accra, Ghana, and to quantify the effects of nearby sources on local PM concentration.MethodsWe conducted 1 week of morning and afternoon mobile and stationary air pollution measurements in four study neighborhoods. PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10) was measured continuously, with matched global positioning system coordinates; detailed data on local sources were collected at periodic stops. The effects of nearby sources on local PM were estimated using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsIn our measurement campaign, the geometric means of PM2.5 and PM10 along the mobile monitoring path were 21 and 49 μg/m3, respectively, in the neighborhood with highest SES and 39 and 96 μg/m3, respectively, in the neighborhood with lowest SES and highest population density. PM2.5 and PM10 were as high as 200 and 400 μg/m3, respectively, in some segments of the path. After adjusting for other factors, the factors that had the largest effects on local PM pollution were nearby wood and charcoal stoves, congested and heavy traffic, loose dirt road surface, and trash burning.ConclusionsBiomass fuels, transportation, and unpaved roads may be important determinants of local PM variation in Accra neighborhoods. If confirmed by additional or supporting data, the results demonstrate the need for effective and equitable interventions and policies that reduce the impacts of traffic and biomass pollution.
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Weather regimes—Moroccan precipitation link in a regional climate change simulation - Driouech, Fatima; Déqué, Michel; Sánchez-Gómez, Emilia (Global and Planetary Change, 2010)
The local future climate conditions in Morocco under the SRES scenario A1B are studied by using two 30-year time-slice simulations performed by the variable resolution configuration of the global circulation model ARPEGE-Climate. The spatial resolution ranges between 50 and 60 km over the whole country. Firstly, the link between local precipitation and weather regimes in the North Atlantic basin is investigated in terms of mean precipitation and the frequencies of occurrence for wet and intense precipitation days. Then a statistical downscaling approach that uses large-scale fields to construct local scenarios of future climate change is validated in the case of Moroccan winter precipitation. The outputs of experiments carried out from an ensemble of regional climate models are used to assess the uncertainties associated to future climate change. These dynamical downscaling outputs have been also used to test the robustness of the results related to the statistical downscaling technique. Our results concerning the future climate conditions over Morocco show not solely a decrease in mean precipitation but also a change in the precipitation distribution and in extreme events.
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Africa's Climate Change Reality: The African Initiative Congress on Climate Change - Dybenko, Erica (2010)
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Researching education outcomes in Burundi, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda: using participatory tools and collaborative approaches : The Improving Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools (ILOPS) Project | Project methodology - Edge, Karen; Marphatia, Akanksha A.; Legault, Elise; Archer, David (2010)
In January 2008, ActionAid, Dr Karen Edge (IOE) and partners in Burundi, Malawi, Uganda and Senegal studied the role of parents and teachers in enhancing learning outcomes. The Improving Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools (ILOPS) Project was supported by the Quality Education in Developing Countries Initiative of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Findings from the ILOPS Project are presented in three separate briefs exploring teacher quality, parental participation and, this paper, exploring our tools and approaches. This paper, primarily designed for practitioner audiences, outlines the participatory research methodology designed by Dr Karen Edge and the strategies employ the methods with a team of 53 senior educational leaders from participating countries. The strategies were designed to bring teams of non-researchers together, to build national-level team capacity and collaboration and support their work in the field by collaborating with all participants to design the overall conceptual framework and methods of the study. In this paper, we provide details on the development and implementation of our approach as well as the lessons learned throughout the process for others interested in following similar approaches. This approach has been employed within several other IOE project, led by Dr Edge. In addition, the approach has influenced the work of ActionAid and other participating stakeholders.
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The Self Evaluation of Teachers/ Students Competencies in Teaching Physical Education at Al-Aqsa –University- Gaza - El-Masri, Wael (An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 2010)
This Study aimed to as knowledge the quality of teaching skills in physical education teachers students via the self-evaluation of these skills to investigate that we used a study sample on students (male and female) of the Faculty of physical Education University , with the maximum number of (75) students,(32) student male and (43) student female, and the researcher used the curriculum descriptive survey to achieve this list of the objective which used the professionalization of teaching physical education ,stature circulated done by Fatima Awad Jabber student confidence in their ability to perform teaching. Proved the following results:- Students confidence in their ability to perform teaching skills and raising the objective of the professionalization of teaching physical education well. Recommendation: 1) Using practical skills in teaching Physical education at Palestine Universities. 2) Thoughtful of teaching Physical education strategies according to its importance of preparing teacher students professional. هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى الطلاب المعلمين في أداء المهارات التدريسية في التربية الرياضية من خلال تقييمهم الذاتي لهذه المهارات، ولتحقيق ذلك أجريت الدراسة على عينة عمديه من طلاب وطالبات كلية التربية البدنية والرياضية بجامعة الأقصى، حيث بلغ عددهم (75) طالبا وطالبة، (32) طالبا (43) طالبة، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي، ولتحقيق ذلك استخدمت قائمة بأهداف برنامج الإعداد المهني لتدريس التربية الرياضية قامت بتصميمها فاطمة عوض جابر حيث أسفرت النتائج عن: قدرة الطلاب المعلمين على أداء المهارات التدريسية، والخاصة بجميع أهداف برنامج الإعداد المهني لتدريس التربية الرياضية بنسبة جيدة، وقد أوصى الباحث بالآتي: 1) استخدام قائمة المهارات التدريسية قيد البحث في تخصص التربية الرياضية بجامعات فلسطين. 2) زيادة الاهتمام بمقرر استراتيجيات تدريس التربية الرياضية نظرا لما لها من أهمية في إعداد الطلاب المعلمين مهنياً.
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Climate change and other challenges in the development of a sustainable and vibrant aquaculture industry in South Africa - Endemann, F (2010)
In 2009 global aquaculture contributed 45% of all aquatically derived food products consumed. In all probability aquaculture production will eclipse capture fisheries in the not too distant future. Unlike in other parts of the world aquaculture development has been slow in South Africa. Possible reasons for this will be discussed. As well as, appropriate governmental interventions to fast track aquaculture development. Key to theses strategies are the creation of an enabling institutional environment. Globally most capture fisheries are fully exploited or in some cases over exploited. Certain fishing stocks have shifted their geographic range because of changes in oceanic temperatures. This has brought economic hardship to coastal communities traditionally reliant on these fishing resources though direct employment and ancillary service industries. Other fish stocks have been fished to commercial extinction. On the West Coast of South Africa the pilchard stock has shifted to the South Coast which means that fish has to be landed in Mosselbay and transported by road to canning plants in St. Helena Bay. Aquaculture enterprise development can definitely play a role, in part, in reviving economic prosperity in impoverished coastal communities. However, other appropriate economic interventions should be sought to expand the economic opportunities in specific coastal areas.
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The adoption and diffusion of information and communication technology in the base of the pyramid population of sub-Saharan Africa: a study of Nigerian university students - Etim, Alice S. (2010)
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Does adaptation to climate change provide food security?: a micro-perspective from Ethiopia - Falco, Salvatore Di; Veronesi, Marcella; Yesuf, Mahmud (2010)
We examine the driving forces behind farmers decisions to adapt to climate change, and the impact of adaptation on farmers food production. We investigate whether there are differences in the food production functions of farm households that adapted and those that did not adapt. We estimate a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching to account for the heterogeneity in the decision to adapt or not, and for unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farm. We compare the expected food production under the actual and counterfactual cases that the farm household adapted or not to climate change. We find that the group of farm households that adapted has systematically different characteristics than the group of farm households that did not adapt. The relationship between production and average temperature is inverted U-shaped for farm households that adapted, while it is U-shaped for farm households that did not adapt, and vice versa in the case of precipitation. We find that adaptation increases food production, however, the impact of adaptation on food production is smaller for the farm households that actually did adapt than for the farm households that did not adapt in the counterfactual case that they adapted.
openalex: W2244877315 mag: 2244877315
Keywords: openalex:import

A feminist post-structuralist analysis of an exemplar South African school History text - Fardon, Jill; Schoeman, Sonja (Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa), 2010)
A feminist post-structuralist perspective offers an alternative paradigm for the study of gender bias in History texts. It focuses on multiple perspectives and open interpretation, opens up space for female voices of the past and present, and deconstructs realist historical narrative. Our aim in this article is to discuss feminist post-structuralism as an innovative approach to History as a school subject, and to demonstrate its implications for the analysis of school History texts. We seek to identify and expose biases that marginalise women in school History texts and contribute to correcting these. Additionally, we seek to develop new knowledge for understanding gender differences. An example of the empirical application of the feminist post-structuralist perspective is provided. The exemplar text analysed supports masculine historical narrative, using a neutral and naturalising style, and renders women and the feminine meaning invisible. It is suggested that non-traditional forms of writing will help to dislodge the inherent hegemony in History texts and challenge the masculine status quo in school History texts.
openalex: W1736581738 mag: 1736581738
Keywords: openalex:import