NINETEEN. Droughts in Zimbabwe (2004)
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12. Transforming Approaches to CBNRM: Learning from the Luangwa Experience in Zambia - Child, Brian; Dalal-Clayton, Barry; McShane, Thomas O.; Wells, Michael P. (2004)
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The Role of Inter-Institutional Cooperation In Surgical Training and Practice: A German-Tanzanian Model. - Freudenberg, S.; Mkony, Charles; Wilhelm, T; Post, Stefan (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2004)
Objective: To highlight the feasibility and importance of inter-institutional cooperation, particularly between countries of the north and south, in improving and maintaining standards in medical training and practice. Setting and sources: A four-year academic exchange program was set up between the departments of Surgery at Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and the Mannheim Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University, Germany. Methods: Contact was first initiated between the heads of department at the two institutions and communications was almost entirely through e-mail. A Memorandum of Understanding between the two institutions was prepared and signed. The program was sponsored by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), and involved exchange of teaching material, diagnostic equipment and 30 students, residents and surgical teachers between the two institutions over the 4 year period. A number of research projects were also initiated between the two departments. Conclusion: Academic Exchange programs between institutions in developed and developing countries can provide badly needed technical cooperation and valuable experiences for students and staff from both sides of North-South divide in addition to forging lasting professional and personal relationships between those taking part in the exchange programs. Keywords: Surgical training, North-South divide, academic exchange programs, Tanzania, Germany
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Evaluation of guidance services at institutions of higher learning in Ethiopia - Gudeta, Sentayehu Tadesse (2004)
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Globalisation in Higher Education: some implications for algerian universities - Harouni, Brahim (Revue Maghrébine des Langues, 2004)
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The BA in English in Algerian Universities: What teachers and students really need - Harouni, Zahri (Revue Maghrébine des Langues, 2004)
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Medical education in Uganda - A critique - Kigonya, E (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2004)
There is a growing concern about the decline in standards of the undergraduate medical education in Uganda. Our two established medical schools are having difficulty in achieving their educational objectives. Undergraduate teaching has become uneven in quality, variable in commitment and lacking in co-ordinated objectives. Consequently the medical students have become the losers. Today it is the medical students who are losing out but tomorrow it will be the patients who will lose out. Currently a large proportion of young medical graduates have lack communication skills, have a poor grasp of clinical logic, are uncertain in their choice of diagnostic tests, make poor decisions in prescribing treatment and have a poor grasp of ethical principles. Even more alarming, is the significant number of our senior medical students and house officers who are deficient in basic clinical skills of taking a focused history and making a physical examination. If these matters are to be rectified, we need a fundamental rethink of the role of our medical schools in producing the doctors of tomorrow capable of handling the disease burden in our rural areas. This paper is aimed at examining the current state of our undergraduate medical education in the region with special emphasis on medical training in Uganda. An attempt to highlight the relevant remedial steps is made.
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Challenges of Using English as a Medium of Instruction in Multilingual Contexts: A View from Ugandan Classrooms - Kyeyune, Robinah (2004)
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International Trade Law and the U.S.-EU GMO Debate: Can Africa Weather this Storm? - McDonald, Michelle K. (The Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 2004)
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Illusion or Reality? Policy and Process in South African Education - Naidoo, Loshini (Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 2004)
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Disability in South Africa - Phillips, Heston; Noumbissi, Amadou (African Population Studies, 2004)
Very little research has been done on the demography of the disabled in Africa although many African censuses contain information on disability. This information can be used to characterize this phenomenon in Africa and compute useful indicators such as Disability Free Life Expectancy used in the evaluation of health especially at old ages. This paper focuses on the prevalence and the patterns in South Africa using the 1996 South Africa census micro data. We then examine the spatial variations in the disability-free life expectancy. Women seem to have higher disability rates than men at adolescent ages and at the oldest ages. At the youngest ages and for adults aged, men seem to report higher disability rates than women. Results also show that women live longer, have higher health expectancies and spend a greater part of their life in poor health than men. Wealthiest and more urbanized provinces such as Western Cape and Gauteng have higher life expectancy and higher disability-free life expectancy. Poorest provinces such as Free State and North West have the lowest life expectancy and higher life expectancy with disability.
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Disability among the Children of Migrants in South Africa - Thomas, Kevin J. A. (2004)
This study describes the relationship between child disability and parental migration status in South Africa. The results indicate that though the children of immigrants were generally less likely to be disabled than those of the native-born population, the immigrant advantage was significant only among the children of immigrants from countries that are not a part of the South African Development Community (SADC). Additionally, the children of South African-born internal migrants were more likely to be disabled than the children of South African-born non-migrants. The study also examines school enrolment among disabled children. Our results show that disabled children of immigrants were more likely to graduate from secondary school at younger ages than were the disabled children of internal migrants and non-migrants. However, the disabled children of recent SADC immigrants were less likely to be enrolled in schools than those of native-born South Africans.
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An analysis of deviant language behaviour of yemeni learners in their written composition in English - Zubeiry, Al; A, Hameed Yahya (2004)
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The Way Forward for Theological Education in Africa (2004)
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The Teaching of Theology in Africa: - Galgalo, Joseph D. (2004)
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Theological Education in Contemporary Africa - LeMarquand, Grant; Galgalo, Joseph D. (2004)
Part One addresses ?Theological Foundations.? The five essays in this section deal with the Bible, Theology and Ecumenism. The subjects of theological methods, contextual hermeneutics, and appropriate curriculum are given special attention. Of course even foundational issues cannot be discussed in a vacuum and so each of the essays addresses these foundational subjects in the light of African realities. Part Two deals with ?Contemporary Issues.? It is particularly in this section that the traditional themes in African theology have been somewhat displaced by concerns which are today very pressing indeed. Three essays are devoted to the question of HIV/AIDS. This disease, which has devastated the African continent, demands a theological and practical response from those who claim to follow Jesus Christ. If the churches do not respond to this crisis with energy and determination we should not be surprised if the next generation wonders whether the Gospel has the power which we claim that it has. Two essays address the question of Islam and Muslim-Christian Relations in Africa. The resurgence of Islam in the world today is a concern of many. For those who believe in Jesus, this is a challenge which demands much wisdom and love. How should we respond to our Muslim neighbours? What are appropriate and thoughtful ways to share the love of Christ? Two further essays appear under the title of ?The Marginalized.? This could, of course, be a much large section. Those who suffer from AIDS could be included in this number, and one might have expected to see at least one essay on the place of women. In this volume, however, the ?disabled? and youth are highlighted. Both groups are clearly in need of the attention of the churches, and both groups are clearly misunderstood and neglected. The final section of Part Two contains essays, which focus attention on ?Theological Paedagogy.? All of the other contributions to this volume make suggestions and arguments about curriculum, resources, and issues of concern for theological educators. The causal aim of this book is that these essays may help us to reflect in an intentional way on the implications of contemporary realities for the future of theological education.
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Christian Theological Education in the Context of the Religiously Pluralistic Continent of Africa - Mbillah, Johnson (2004)
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Ecumenism and Theological Education in Africa - Njoroge, Nyambura J. (2004)
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Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum Infection in Antenatal and Gynecological Patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana - Apea-Kubi, Kwasi Akyem; Yamaguchi, Shinya; Sakyi, Bright; Kisimoto, Toshio; Ofori‐Adjei, David; Hagiwara, Toshikatsu (Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004)
Five hundred and seventeen women attending the gynecology and obstetrics clinics of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital were examined for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Vaginal swabs were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Gardnerella vaginalis infection. Endocervical swabs were examined for Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis using a recently developed RNA detection kit. Strain typing was performed to identify serovars of C. trachomatis. Sera were analyzed for Treponema pallidum with a passive-particle agglutination assay kit. The prevalence of infection with N. gonorrhoea was 0.6%, C. trachomatis 3.0%, and T. pallidum 5.6%. Eight samples were PCR-positive for C. trachomatis. Five of these were serovar G, and the rest were serovar E. All cases of mixed infections occurred in pregnant women. In conclusion, a high transmissible risk of T. pallidum infection was observed among our study population and in particular among our pregnant women. The absence of association between the presenting symptoms, clinical findings, and specific pathogens has implications for the syndromic approach to STI case management. The low prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoea may be due to self medication and requires further research in primary health institutions in rural areas to compare rates.
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Cultural Education in Ghana: A Case Study of Dance Development in the University System - Adinku, O. (Dance Chronicle, 2004)
In 1962, when the Ghana Dance Ensemble (then the National Dance Company of Ghana) was formed at the Institute of African Studies of the University of Ghana for research into African dance-theatre, ...
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Simputer as a platform for ICT education in tanzania - Duveskog, Marcus; Sutinen, Erkki; Vesisenaho, Mikko; Yusha, E. (2004)
The global information society is evolving at breakneck speed but developing countries are left behind. The technology of Simputer, simple hand-held computer, has been developed to bridge the digital divide. We developed a programming tutorial on the Simputer platform and tested the learning environment in a Tanzanian context. An analysis of the students' feedback shows the feasibility of Simputer as a learning platform, and a technical comparison with competing technologies indicates the potential of Simputer in developing countries. A possible future application of Simputer is HIV/AIDS education for rural schools and villages.
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A workable e-learning strategy for distance education in South Africa - Hendrik, Faisal; Serfontein, B. (2004)
E-learning is not yet happening on a large scale in distance education in South Africa. Attempts at e-learning are sporadic and the result of individual rather than institutional efforts. This is partially caused by systemic and institutional constraints, as well as limitations faced by individuals and departments in distance education institutions. In the absence of an institutional strategy to implement e-learning, it is up to individuals and academic departments to put it into action. In this paper, attention is given to how the e-learning strategy of the Department of Economics at the University of South Africa is shaped by an interplay of factors, such as the Department's formal tuition model, the experience with and results of a pilot project, as well as accessibility issues.
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Striving towards international academic and e-learning collaboration: an evaluation of a South African experience - Jordaan, Dolf (2004)
The impact of any international academic or e-learning collaboration is immense and the possibilities endless for all involved. The success of such collaboration rests solely on the shoulders of the partners involved. Continuous evaluation of an international project contributes to its success. The context of this paper is the involvement of the University of Pretoria (South Africa) in a specific funded Scholarship programme and Partnership development project with Imperial College London (UK). This paper reflects on and evaluates the activities of the funded project using a set of guidelines from the draft code of Conduct for Cross Border/Transnational Delivery of Higher Education Programmes. The results from this evaluation may be seen as a preliminary indication of the future of the project and an indication of international collaboration possibilities for South African higher education institutions.
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Africa drive project - innovative teacher development in South Africa - Kok, Derek Qi Ren; Merz, Christin (2004)
The lack of suitably qualified mathematics and physical science educators in South Africa impacts negatively on the availability of graduates leaving the education system to either enrol for higher education or to participate in the local and global economy. The Africa Drive Project is a research and development project aimed at developing, testing and implementing innovative teacher development programmes, methodologies and technologies. It is in line with the SA Government's thinking on ICT in Education. In-service educators (teachers) enrol for a formal Advanced Certificate in Education at a National Qualification Level (NQF) level 6. Blended learning, incorporating e-Learning, is delivered and facilitated at learning centres, established at secondary schools accessible to educators in the North West Province of South Africa. A customized commercial learning platform, in a hosted environment linked to the North West provincial communication backbone, is used to deliver and manage e-Learning at the learning centres.
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Building damage detection using satellite SAR intensity images for the 2003 Algeria and Iran earthquakes - Matsuoka, M.; Yamazaki, Fumio (2004)
An earthquake occurred in the coast of Algeria on May 21, 2003. The cities of Boumerdes and Zemmouri were the most extensively damaged areas. Canadian SAR satellite, RADARSAT, observed Boumerdes area by the fine-beam mode, on 4 days after the event. European SAR satellite, ERS, also observed the same area on June 7, 2003. On December 26, 2003, another strong earthquake occurred beneath the city of Bam, Iran. Severely damaged areas were found widely being distributed in the city from high-resolution optical satellite images obtained after the event. ENVISAT also captured the hard-hit areas on January 7, 2004. In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of damaged areas in these SAR images by visual interpretation and clarified the effect of spatial resolution for the detection of damaged buildings. Then, we applied our automated damages detection technique, which was developed based on the data set of the 1995 Kobe earthquake, to the SAR images of Algeria and Iran
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Teaching a module of garden based science by multimedia in Gaza prep. schools - Zaanecn, J. (2004)
This study aimed to make the multimedia education similar to students in prep. school and also employ the agricultural environment as suitable resource to learn science through the green gardens. So the two researchers design the module connected by the scientific Celebes for the first prep. class in Gaza. The students will use both garden and multimedia to learn the scientific concepts, after finishing the study of the module, the research applied two tests: the first was the achievement test, the second was the attitudes of students toward science and multimedia.
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Tuberculosis in Jos, Nigeria: A 9-Year Review of Laboratory Report at the Jos University Teaching Hospital - Egah, DZ; Banwat, EB; Alanana, JA; Badung, BP; Damen, GJ; Ikeh, IE; Ukoli, CO (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2004)
A retrospective study of the results of Ziehl-Nelsen stained smears was carried out over a 9-year period, from 1988 to 1997 (excluding 1989 for non availability of records). This was to ascertain the current trend of tuberculosis in our community especially with the increasing incidence of HIV and AIDS. In all, 17,377 patients results were reviewed. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 86 years, with a mean of 29.29 years. Males accounted for 51.8% (9001), while the females were 48.2% (8376) of cases reviewed. The prevalence of AFB smear-positive cases was 11.9% (2074)/17337) more in the age group 10-49 years. Among the 2074 smear positive patients, 1363 (65.7%) were males while 711 (34.3%) were females with a M: F ratio of 2:1. The prevalence was also greater in in-patients (60.9%) when compared with out-patients (39.1%). The annual prevalence was higher in the late 80s and early 90s compared with mid- and late- 90s. For the effective control of Tuberculosis, diagnosis especially sputum smear microscopy and treatment using DOTS approach should be free. Key Words: Tuberculosis, laboratory report, AFB. Nigerian Medical Practitioner 46(2) 2004: 33-35
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Learning From Soweto: The Story of Two Family Learning Programs in South Africa and the United Kingdom - Mashishi, Letta; Cook, Margaret (2004)
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Auditing of information and communication technologies in library and information science education in Africa - Minishi-Majanja, Mabel K.; Ocholla, Dennis N. (Education for Information, 2004)
This study mapped and audited the types, nature and diffusion of ICTs in LIS education in sub-Saharan Africa. Questionnaires were sent to 51 LIS schools in 19 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, of which 29 (57%) were returned. Most LIS schools have a significant ICT content in their programs, and most ICT modules are highly rated as core/required within these programs. Practical training for ICT skills was included in all modules but to a limited extent. ICT use in teaching and learning was largely focused on computer literacy, followed by use of ICT in bulletin boards, distance learning and collaborative teaching. Only a few African LIS schools, with significant growth in South Africa, employ online teaching. ICT is used in research mainly to collect research information, to identify sources for research funds and to apply research tools such as statistical packages. There was also evidence of strong use of ICT for academic administration largely through stand alone PCs or offline. Computer hardware availability was noted to be low as the number of computers in terms of computer student or staff ratio is extremely low. While a variety of computer software is available in the market with Microsoft products leading the market, softwarelicensing requirements are problematic because of cost and infringements. Most institutions have set up mechanisms to provide staff with ICT competency, and evidently the agenda for ICT development for LIS education in Africa is still quite long. Such an agenda should always include provision of resources and better ICT infrastructure, staff development, ICT policy, ICT accessibility for students and staff, curriculum development, collaboration and networking for resource sharing, distance learning education, practical education/training for skills development, experiential learning, and integration of ICT in LIS education.
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The Acquisition of Textual Cohesion in French as a Foreign Language by Secondary School Students in Kenya - Ogutu, James N. (Humanities Review Journal, 2004)
The acquisition of the skill of writing always takes place in a given language and in a precise context. Learning to write in one's mother tongue is very different from learning to write in a foreign language. This article brings to light the experiences of Kenyan secondary school students who are in their third year (200 hours) of learning French as a foreign language. The studied group already possesses good writing and oral skills in three languages: English, Kiswahili and the mother-tongue (vernacular). In a corpus of narrative texts collected among students of two secondary schools in Nairobi, we analyze the use of markers of nominal cohesion (anaphors). With due attention to the context of learning we also consider the influence of other languages on this learning process and (we) have made some pedagogical observations/recommendations on the basis of our findings. Humanities Review Journal Vol.3(2) 2003: 36-57
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ERITREAN EDUCATION - RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT - Rena, Ravinder (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2004)
Education has long been recognized as a central element in economics development. In Eritrea, Church education played a significant role in transmitting church literature from generation to generation. Quranic schools also played a similar role in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean Society. Since Independence, education is well organized in the country. Eritrea has invested heavily in education and has embarked on a wide-ranging program. The World Bank, Eritrea has also made substantial investment in a plan intended to quickly raise the country's skill levels. The guiding purpose of the research on which this article is based, is to explore the educational history of Eritrea at different periods. It covers the Eritrean education system during the Italian Rule, British Rule, and Ethiopian Rule. It also provides educational development of Eritrea after independence. The methodology used in this paper is essentially a descriptive analysis of data obtained from the secondary sources.
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Knowledge and Utilization of Information Technology Among Health Care Professionals and Students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: A Case Study of a University Teaching Hospital - Bello, Ibrahim Sebutu; Arogundade, Fatiu A.; Sanusi, Abubakr A.; Ezeoma, I.T.; Abioye-Kuteyi, Emmanuel Akintunde; Akinsola, A (JMIR. Journal of medical internet research, 2004)
The computer revolution and Information Technology (IT) have transformed modern health care systems in the areas of communication, teaching, storage and retrieval of medical information. These developments have positively impacted patient management and the training and retraining of healthcare providers. Little information is available on the level of training and utilization of IT among health care professionals in developing countries.To assess the knowledge and utilization pattern of information technology among health care professionals and medical students in a university teaching hospital in Nigeria.Self-structured pretested questionnaires that probe into the knowledge, attitudes and utilization of computers and IT were administered to a randomly selected group of 180 health care professionals and medical students. Descriptive statistics on their knowledge, attitude and utilization patterns were calculated.A total of 148 participants (82%) responded, which included 60 medical students, 41 medical doctors and 47 health records staff. Their ages ranged between 22 and 54 years. Eighty respondents (54%) reportedly had received some form of computer training while the remaining 68 (46%) had no training. Only 39 respondents (26%) owned a computer while the remaining 109 (74%) had no computer. In spite of this a total of 28 respondents (18.9%) demonstrated a good knowledge of computers while 87 (58.8%) had average knowledge. Only 33 (22.3%) showed poor knowledge. Fifty-nine respondents (39.9%) demonstrated a good attitude and good utilization habits, while in 50 respondents (33.8%) attitude and utilization habits were average and in 39 (26.4%) they were poor. While 25% of students and 27% of doctors had good computer knowledge (P=.006), only 4.3% of the records officers demonstrated a good knowledge. Forty percent of the medical students, 54% of the doctors and 27.7% of the health records officers showed good utilization habits and attitudes (P=.01)Only 26% of the respondents possess a computer, and only a small percentage of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of computers and IT, hence the suboptimal utilization pattern. The fact that the health records officers by virtue of their profession had better training opportunities did not translate into better knowledge and utilization habits, hence the need for a more structured training, one which would form part of the curriculum. This would likely have more impact on the target population than ad hoc arrangements.
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AFRICAN AMERICAN CLERGY AND URBAN SCHOOL REFORM - Pedescleaux, Desiree S. (2004)
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Gender and the demand for primary education in Cameroon - Amin, Martin E.; Fonkeng, George E. (2004)
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What Teachers Never Taught And Writers Feared To Write: Disability in African American Children's Literature - Daniels, Kapria (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2004)
Some African American children's literature reflects the negative stereotypes that are ascribed to individuals with disabilities through the use of implausible, one-dimensional characters that are expected to perform acts of heroism to gain acceptance. The critical use of these and similar texts in educational curriculum is a key step in combating stereotypes about African Americans with disabilities. The impact of established academic institutions on the identity development of African American children with disabilities is discussed.
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Infestations with the Tiger Beetle Myriochile melancholica F. (Cicindelidae, Coleoptera) in the Student Hostel of Benha University, Egypt - Ibrahim, Anan (Journal of Entomology, 2004)
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Educational exclusion and inclusion in higher education in South Africa: Creating a new national framework/consensus - Sayed, Yusuf (2004)
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Testing white culture: African American students and standardized testing - Hansen, J. A. (2004)
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Use of Computers and the Internet in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Ajuwon, Grace Ada (Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 2004)
ABSTRACT The Internet is an important source of up-to-date information for health clinical students in many countries. Several studies have explored use of the computer and the Internet by medical and dental students but few have investigated the extent to which these students used the Internet for academic purposes. The objectives of this study were to assess students' use of the Internet, identify the type of health information students sought from the Internet, and examine the influence of gender on Internet usage. One hundred and seventy-three students of the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria, completed a self-administered questionnaire between February and March 2004. Clinical students constituted the majority of the sample. Only a handful of the students had a personal computer but 87% claimed to be computer literate. Virtually all the students had used the Internet but only about a quarter had ever searched any database for health information. Despite the availability of the Internet as an important source of health information, only a small portion had fully utilized the resource.
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Pattern of drug utilization among hypertensives in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Yusuff, Kazeem B.; Balogun, Olumide (Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2004)
Abstract Purpose To describe the drug utilization pattern among hypertensive patients in a tertiary care setting, assess the short‐term outcome of anti‐hypertensive drugs usage and identify points for future intervention to improve outcomes. Methods A cross sectional retrospective drug use review was conducted between 1st June and 31st August 2002 on randomly selected 200 case notes of hypertensive patients at a tertiary care facility in South‐Western Nigeria. Results Diuretics were the most frequently prescribed anti‐hypertensive class (39.4%), followed by centrally acting agents (23.3%), calcium channel blockers (21%), angiotensine converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (8.6%) and beta blockers (1.9%). Aspirin was the most frequently prescribed adjoining non‐anti‐hypertensive drugs (39.7%), followed by anxiolytics (23.6%), other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (14.8%), metformin (6.7%), glibenclamide (5.9%), paracetamol (5.9%) and Mist. Magnesium Trisilicate (3.3%). All patients made out‐of‐pocket payments for their prescribed anti‐hypertensive drugs at the study site. Blood pressure control was adequate in only 33.9% of patients. There was no significant difference in blood pressure control between male and female hypertensives ( p > 0.05). Anti‐hypertensive drugs were changed at least once in 44% of patients and blood pressure control was significantly better in patients with at least one change ( p < 0.05). Adherence with drug therapy was documented as adequate in 82.5% of patient. Diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (39.6%) and osteoarthritis (22.9%) were the most frequent co‐morbidities. Potential harmful drug interactions were identified in 3.8% (49) of patients. Conclusions Diuretics and centrally acting agents were the most frequently prescribed anti‐hypertensive drugs in a tertiary care setting in Nigeria. Physicians' prescribing decisions appear significantly influenced by cost consideration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Forging a strategy partnership to boost productivity and employability: the changing role of the government and the private sector in providing vocational education and training in Zimbabwe - Ziyera, Joseph (2004)
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Accelerating the Education of Girls and Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Development Imperative - Gachukia, Edda (2004)
Compelling evidence is available today to link education with numerous benefits, which combine to contribute to the popular view that education is the foundation of development. This is like stating the obvious but just as a reminder: The World Conference on Education for All, held in 1990 in Jomtien, Thailand, underlined the role of education for ensuring a safer, healthier, more environmentally sound world. The conference also identified education as a crucial contributor to social, economic and cultural progress, tolerance, and capacity for cooperation, among other benefits. This paper discusses challenges facing education in Sub-Saharan Africa, and in particular the need to accelerate the education of girls and women as a prerequisite for Africa’s development.
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FROM AWARENESS TO ADOPTION: THE EFFECT OF AIDS EDUCATION AND CONDOM SOCIAL MARKETING ON CONDOM USE IN TANZANIA (1993–1996) - Eloundou‐Enyegue, Parfait M.; Meekers, Dominique; Calvès, Anne E. (Journal of Biosocial Science, 2004)
This paper uses retrospective event-history data covering a four-year period to examine the timing of exposure to HIV/AIDS education and social marketing condom promotion campaigns, relative to the timing of changes in sexual risk behaviour in Tanzania. Analysis of the event-history data shows that the process of exposure to AIDS education messages and exposure to brand advertising for Salama brand condoms was very different. While exposure to AIDS education was early and gradual, exposure to Salama brand condoms started later, but was much more rapid. After one year of advertising, over half of the target population had been reached by the Salama advertising campaign, mostly through newspapers, radio and television. During the study period, condom use increased from 15% at the beginning of 1993 to 42% at the end of 1996. Increases in condom use were driven both by men who became sexually active, and by men who were not yet protected, or not fully protected. The results further show that it is uncommon for men who adopted condom use to return to more risky behaviour, which suggests that behaviour change in the study population is permanent.
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Forms and functions of the experiments in the teaching of biology : case of digestion in the tunisian curriculum - Hrairi, Sameh (2004)
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The Impact of Sony Sugar Factory Effluents on the Pollution Status of River Sare, Migori District, Kenya - Mavura, W. J.; Apiyo, M. O.; Shivoga, W. A. (Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 2004)
A study on the impact of South Nyanza Sugar factory effluents on River Sare was carried out involving ten physico-chemical parameters including Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), etc regarded as pollution indicators. Water samples were collected from both upstream and downstream from the point of discharge from January to June covering dry and rainy seasons. Samples were analyzed according to standard methods. It was found that most of the physico-chemical parameters showed distinctive changes downstream from the factory compared to upstream sampling sites. The month of May showed even spectacular changes. During the month of May the factory is serviced, the exercise that includes the discharge of waste water lagoons into the river. Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice Vol.1(2) 2004: 39-54
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Confronting the past in Rwandan schools - Freedman, Sarah Warshauer; Kambanda, Déo; Samuelson, Beth Lewis; Mugisha, Innocent; Mukashema, Immaculée; Mukama, Evode; Mutabaruka, Jean; Weinstein, Harvey M.; Longman, Timothy (2004)
Rwandans need to talk about their experiences, not just an imagined history, but what actually happened to them. That means they have to tell the truth.Rwandan professional, May, 2002
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Variables impacting on the delivery of Music in the learning area Arts and Culture in South Africa - Klopper, Christopher (2004)
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Embodiment and Change Qur'anic School Transformation in Morocco (2004)
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Guide to higher education in Africa (Choice Reviews Online, 2004)
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Islamiya Schools in Nigeria (2004)
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Qur'anic Schools and the Preservation of a Moroccan Tradition (2004)
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Report of the Nigeria Education Trust Fund ICT Capacity Building Programme - Adogbeji, Benson Oghenevwogaga (Library Hi Tech News, 2004)
Provides a report on the progress of the Education Trust Fund (ETF) training programme in Nigeria, which originally started in 2002. The ETF training is an educative and skillful programme that is designed to build manpower.
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New GPS observations on fault slip rate and locking depth for the northern Dead Sea Fault System in western Syria: Implications for tectonics and earthquake hazards - Alchalbi, A.; Daoud, Mohamed Ahmed; Gomez, Francisco; McClusky, S.; Reilinger, R. E.; Romeyeh, Mohamad Abu; Alsouod, Adham; Yassminh, Rayan; Ballani, Basel Al; Darawcheh, Ryad; Sbeinati, R.; Radwan, Y.; et al. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
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Relationships Among Education, Age, and Cognitive Functioning in Older African Americans: The Impact of Desegregation - Allaire, Jason C.; Whitfield, Keith E. (Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 2004)
The current study sought to examine whether there were differences in the structure of specific cognitive abilities and their association with age and education in a sample of African American elders with two different early educational experiences. The study was conducted with a sample of 197 community dwelling older adults ranging in age from 50 to 79 years (mean age = 61.50 years, SD = 7.30 years). The sample included 79 individuals who attended a desegregated school at anytime during their formal education, while 118 participants completed their schooling without ever attending a desegregated school. Major results included: (1) typical patterns among cognitive abilities and age as well as years of education were found in the full sample of participants; (2) the pattern of age differences in cognition differed between the two groups. Regarding the latter, the desegregated sample exhibited significant negative age differences for some cognitive abilities, while the segregated group did not. Discussion focuses on the importance of considering the nature of the educational experience when examining cognitive aging in African American elders.
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Prospects and Dilemmas of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in University Education in Africa: The Case of Kenya - Amutabi, Maurice N. (2004)
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Retrospective Pilot Study of USAID-Funded Education Projects in Malawi. - Anzar, Uzma; Harpring, Sharon A.; Cohen, Joseph N.; Leu, Elizabeth (2004)
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Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum infection in antenatal and gynecological patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. - Apea-Kubi, Kwasi Akyem; Yamaguchi, Shinya; Sakyi, Bright; Kishimoto, Tadamitsu; Ofori‐Adjei, David; Hagiwara, Toshikatsu (PubMed, 2004)
Five hundred and seventeen women attending the gynecology and obstetrics clinics of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital were examined for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Vaginal swabs were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Gardnerella vaginalis infection. Endocervical swabs were examined for Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis using a recently developed RNA detection kit. Strain typing was performed to identify serovars of C. trachomatis. Sera were analyzed for Treponema pallidum with a passive-particle agglutination assay kit. The prevalence of infection with N. gonorrhoea was 0.6%, C. trachomatis 3.0%, and T. pallidum 5.6%. Eight samples were PCR-positive for C. trachomatis. Five of these were serovar G, and the rest were serovar E. All cases of mixed infections occurred in pregnant women. In conclusion, a high transmissible risk of T. pallidum infection was observed among our study population and in particular among our pregnant women. The absence of association between the presenting symptoms, clinical findings, and specific pathogens has implications for the syndromic approach to STI case management. The low prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoea may be due to self medication and requires further research in primary health institutions in rural areas to compare rates.
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Brief Report: Is Gender a Factor in Mathematics Performance Among Nigerian Preservice Teachers? - Arigbabu, Abayomi A.; Mji, Andile (Sex roles, 2004)
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A Preliminary Analysis of African American College Students' Perceptions of Racial Preferences and Affirmative Action in Making Admissions Decisions at a Predominantly White University - Asagba, Joseph O.; Antwi-Boasiako, Kwame Badu (Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2004)
The purpose of this study was to survey African American College students' perceptions of racial preferences and Affirmative Action in making admissions decisions at a predominantly White university. 422 questionnaires were sent out to African American College students at a large, urban, public, comprehensive research university in the southern region of the United States. 400 questionnaires were completed for a response rate of 95%. The data revealed a majority of the respondents felt race preferences should be used in making admission decisions at predominantly White colleges and universities. More significantly, 315 (79%) and 85 (21%) of all the respondents strongly agreed or agreed Affirmative Action should continue as part of admissions decisions. Affirmative Action is a phrase has its roots in centuries of old English administrative practice to ensure justice for all (Skrentny, 1996). According to Skrentny, the English (British) administration, as the king at the time saw it, was favoring just a section of the masses and others who were equally contributing to the up keep of the king. Engelbert Ssekasozi (1999) who affirms this historical argument says the people in the empire began to complain to their immediate supervisors and the core of the British (Empire) administration got wind of the injustices. However, both authors failed to give in-depth analysis of this historical argument. In the United States existing literature on Affirmative Action is not clear on its and the precise date when Affirmative Action started is still a conundrum. Nevertheless most of the literature pin the of Affirmative Action in the United States from 1935. Skrentny (1996) and Tomasson, Crosby, and Herzberger (2001) believe this, Affirmative Action, basic legal English concept opposes rigid legal rules produces harsh results found its way into American administrative system in 1935. The phrase, Affirmative Action, they contend appeared as part of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (See Dept. of Labor fact sheet, 9517). As they put it, Affirmative Action meant, that an employer who was found to be discriminating against union members or union organizers would have to stop discriminating, and also Affirmative Action to place those victims where they would have been without the discrimination (Skrentny 1996, p.6). Oral historical tradition also has it Affirmative Action caught the attention of the American administration during World War 11 when the former Soviet Union detected the U.S. Army was not reflective of the population Prior to the 1960s Affirmative Action seemed to play well within labor organizations, White America never complained Affirmative Action was a bad public policy. It became a controversial policy when the Civil Rights movement used it to demand equal justice for minorities or all Colored people in America. The civil rights period in the 1960s also put a new twist on Affirmative Action, which came to mean much more than just justice for the poor but a very politically loaded term got equal attention at the time just like any other legislation. According to Peter Hall, a political scientist, the term became a model and policy paradigm; a way of seeing and constructing the world specifies what is real and important (Kuhn, 1970). Few U.S presidents acted courageously to eliminate or minimize racism in America through the Affirmative Action policy. For example, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which ensured a colorblind view of American society and the world. Another U.S. President, Lyndon Johnson, revised this policy by issuing Executive Order 11246, which dealt specifically with firms under contract with the federal government not to discriminate (Raskin 1996, Sadler 1996, and Tomasson, Crosby, and Hertzberger 2001). The order says, in part, any firm receives money from the federal government must take Affirmative Action to ensure applicants are employed and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin (Skrentny, 1996, p. …
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A web-based, enterprise-wide, integrated information system as the source of high quality information for decision-making processes in the Department of Education in South Africa - Baxter, Claude Brian (2004)
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Developing national standards for the accreditation of undergraduate medical education and training in South Africa - Bezuidenhout, Hannemarie; Nel, Kerneels; Nel, Malan (Acta Academica, 2004)
Die ontwikkeling van nasionale standaarde vir die akkreditering van voorgraadse mediese onderwys in Suid-Afrika Gehalteversekering en akkreditering in hoeronderwys is ondersoek en standaarde vir selfevaluering in mediese skole en vir die akkreditering van mediese onderwys in Suid-Afrika is daargestel. 'n Literatuurstudie het die grondslag van die studie gevorm en die Delphi-tegniek is vir die empiriese ondersoek gebruik. 'n Stel van 110 standaarde, bestaande uit absolute standaarde en standaarde wat ontwikkeling ten doel het, is saamgestel. Die standaarde is geskik vir die verifiering van die gehalte van onderwys, kan gebruik word as 'n instrument om verandering teweeg te bring en kan geld as beginsels wat gehalteversekering rig. Hierdie studie sal die bereiking van die tweeledige doel van akkreditering, naamlik om die gehalte van onderwys te waarborg en om akademiese standaarde uit te bou, fasiliteer. In this study, quality assurance and accreditation in higher education were investigated, and standards for the self-evaluation of medical schools and the accreditation of medical education in South Africa were identified. A literature study formed the basis for the investigation, while the Delphi technique was used for the empirical study. A set of 110 standards was compiled, comprising both absolute standards and standards aimed at encouraging development. The standards are suitable for verifying the quality of education, for use as a lever for change and reform and for reference as principles guiding quality assurance. This study will facilitate the attainment of the dual goal of the accreditation process, namely to guarantee the quality of educational offerings to all users and concerned bodies, and to promote the enhancement of academic standards.
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Floods and Droughts in Africa: Relation to Short-term Climate Variability - Birkett, C. M. (AGUFM, 2004)
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Pre-School Education in Morocco and Algeria1 - Bouzoubaa, Khadija; Benghabrit-Remaoun, Nouria (PROSPECTS, 2004)
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Focal mechanisms from regional earthquakes in East Africa and refinements in stress patterns - Brazier, Richard; Nyblade, A. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
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Reading English in Multilingual South African Primary Schools - Broom, Yvonne (International journal of bilingual education and bilingualism, 2004)
Post-apartheid South Africa has officially sanctioned multilingualism in a constitution that recognises 11 official languages. However, the status of all of the languages is not perceived as being equal. The majority of South Africans want their children to be educated in English, although this is not their mother tongue, and schools are under pressure to effect an early transition to English. In addition, the amalgamation of previously separate Departments of Education has allowed learners to move to schools where the medium of instruction is English. Thus, there have been significant changes in the language and racial composition of classes in the primary schools where English has become the language of learning and teaching (LOLT) and learners are expected to read English texts from Grade 4. The impact of these changes was investigated by testing the level of English reading proficiency of Grade 3 learners attending 20 public schools in Gauteng province. The performance of the learners is analysed in relation to the historical background of their school, their home language (L1) and the LOLT. The results reveal a wide range of language experiences and abilities within the same classroom and between different schools. The performance of L2 English learners was considerably below that of their L1 peers, especially in some schools, which suggests that an early transition to English LOLT may be perpetuating the inequalities of the past. These results highlight some of the difficulties currently facing teachers and learners in South African primary schools. Some implications of these results for the future of a multilingual society are discussed.
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An Enduring International Partnership: The Sudan-American Foundation for Education, Inc. (SAFE) and the Ahfad University for Women (AUW) - Burchinal, Lee G.; Badri, Gasim (The Ahfad journal, 2004)
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A Tsunami Induced by a Coastal Uplift During the 2003 Zemmouri Earthquake (Mw=6.8, Algeria): Modeling and Results - Calbini, Valérie; Alasset, Pierre Jean; Hébert, Hélène; Maouche, Saïd; Meghraoui, Mustapha (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
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The impact of parental death on school enrolment and achievement: Longitudinal evidence from South Africa - Case, Anne; Ardington, Cally (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2004)
Analysis is based on data collected through the Africa Centre Demographic Information System. Authors are affiliated with the Population Studies Group of the Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies. We have benefited from the ACDIS field and data centre staff under the leadership of the principal investigator, Dr. Kobus Herbst. We thank Angus Deaton and Frances Lund for comments on an earlier draft. Case gratefully acknowledges funding from the MacArthur Foundation (“Research Network on Poverty and Inequality in Broader Perspective”) and the National Institute of Aging R01 AG20275-01.
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Environmental Education in Action in Secondary Teacher Training in Zimbabwe - Chimbodza, Ijm; Ongevalle, Jan Van; Madondo, M. M. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2004)
This paper describes a story-in-action of the Secondary Teacher Training Environmental Education Programme (St 2 eep) in Zimbabwe. The programme seeks to integrate environmental education into the secondary teacher training curriculum. This paper critically reviews the meaning of stakeholder involvement and participatory action research which are believed by the authors to guide the programme.This is done through narrating some important processes within St2eep. These include the project formulation, college based sensitisation workshops, establishment of environmental education parameters, development of environmental education resource materials and an orientation programme for college lecturers. The paper shows that the involvement of stakeholders and participatory action research has enhanced critical reflection within St 2 eep. The authors also argue that participation diffuses in a multitude of ways throughout our journey of engagement with our work, lifestyle and environment.
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An assessment of readiness for self-directed learning of diploma students in a South African Technikon - Chipeya, Nyamutowa Lucky Rachel (2004)
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MALARIA MORBIDITY AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN LIVING IN TWO AREAS OF CONTRASTING TRANSMISSION IN WESTERN KENYA - Clarke, Siân E.; Brooker, Simon; Njagi, J Kiambo; Njau, Eliud; Estambale, Benson B.; Muchiri, Eric M.; Magnussen, Pascal (The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2004)
Research in malaria-endemic areas is usually focused on malaria during early childhood. Less is known about malaria among older school age children. The incidence of clinical attacks of malaria was monitored, using active case detection in primary schools, in two areas of western Kenya that differ in the intensity of transmission. Clinical malaria was more common in schools in the Nandi highlands, with a six-fold higher incidence of malaria attacks during the malaria epidemic in 2002, compared with school children living in a holoendemic area with intense perennial transmission during the same period. The high incidence coupled with the high parasite densities among cases is compatible with a low level of protective immunity in the highlands. The malaria incidence among school children exposed to intense year-round transmission (26 per 100 school children per year) was consistent with reports from other holoendemic areas. Taken together with other published studies, the data suggest that malaria morbidity among school age children increases as transmission intensity decreases. The implications for malaria control are discussed.
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Senior nursing students respond to an HIV experiential-teaching method with an African-American female. - Cornelius, Judith B. (PubMed, 2004)
This experimental study compared an HIV experiential-teaching method to the traditional lecture and discussion method to determine if one method was more likely to produce significant indications of senior nursing students' willingness and perceived preparedness to provide HIV-patient care to affected clients. The sample included 70 (N = 70) baccalaureate senior nursing students from one university. In this study, 35 (n = 35) students were randomized into either the experimental group or into the control lecture and discussion group (n = 351 Unlike the traditional lecture and discussion method, the experiential-teaching method entitled "To be Touched by AIDS" included an affective component with an African-American female who was an HIV-Positive intravenous drug user. Findings from this study indicated that the experiential-teaching method was efficacious in increasing willingness to provide HIV patient care to affected clients using a Wilcoxon (Z = -251 p< 0.05) test as compared to the traditional lecture and discussion method of teaching Further findings from this study also suggested that there was a weak inverse correlation found using a Spearman Rho. Nonetheless, there was a statistically significant relationship between perceived preparedness and willingness to provide care to affected HIV clients (r(s) = -0.26, p = 0.05) in the experiential-teaching group as compared to the traditional lecture and discussion group. It is plausible to assume that in light of these statistical findings, nurse educators need to incorporate components of HIV experiential-teaching methods in an effort to assist future nurses. These experiential-teaching methods, such as situational role-playing and patients recollections of lived experiences as HIV-Positive individuals would aid future nurses in providing optimal healthcare to all patients, but particularly to those who are HIV-Positive.
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Unusual Volcanic Tremor Observations in Fogo Island, Cape Verde - Custódio, Susana; Heleno, Sandra (AGUFM, 2004)
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Sources of the AD 551, 1202 and 1759 earthquakes (Lebanon and Syria) - Daëron, M.; Elias, Anne; Klinger, Y.; Tapponnier, Paul; Jacques, Edwin Everett; Sursock, Andre (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
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Some aspects of equity in the funding of public schools in South Africa : research article - Davies, Huw (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
A decade has passed since the first free and fair elections in South Africa and since the present government assumed responsibility, among other things, for the provision of goods and services in the public sector, including public education. It may be appropriate to examine where we have come from, what progress has been made, and where we are headed. This article will give an account of some of the mechanisms which have been adopted by the education authorities in South Africa since 1994 in an attempt to achieve equity in expenditure in the public schooling sector, and indicate to what extent these mechanisms have thus far been successful. Some systems information will be provided with a view to furnishing a backdrop to the challenges which face the education system in the country.
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Getting the most out of health education in Papua New Guinea - Duke, Trevor; Tefuarani, Nakapi; Baravilala, Wame (Medical Journal of Australia, 2004)
Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 181, Issue 11-12 p. 606-607 South Pacific Getting the most out of health education in Papua New Guinea Trevor Duke MD, FRACP, Trevor Duke MD, FRACP Senior Lecturer Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC.Search for more papers by this authorNakapi Tefuarani MMed, PhD, Nakapi Tefuarani MMed, PhD Associate Professor School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this authorWame Baravilala MRCOG, FRANZCOG, FACTM, Wame Baravilala MRCOG, FRANZCOG, FACTM Dean Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji.Search for more papers by this author Trevor Duke MD, FRACP, Trevor Duke MD, FRACP Senior Lecturer Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC.Search for more papers by this authorNakapi Tefuarani MMed, PhD, Nakapi Tefuarani MMed, PhD Associate Professor School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this authorWame Baravilala MRCOG, FRANZCOG, FACTM, Wame Baravilala MRCOG, FRANZCOG, FACTM Dean Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji.Search for more papers by this author First published: 06 December 2004 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06482.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume181, Issue11-12December 2004Pages 606-607 RelatedInformation
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Psychological Well-Being in South African University Students - Edwards, Steve; Ngcobo, Humphrey Siphiwe B.; Pillay, Anand (Psychological Reports, 2004)
Black university students in South Africa reported lower mean rated psychological well-being than U.S. subjects. Social and political factors may contribute to these differences.
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Level of Awareness of the Baby Friendly Initiative among Home Economics Teachers in Nigeria - Egbuonu, Ifeoma (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2004)
A cross-sectional questionnaire was used to assess the level of awareness of the Baby Friendly Initiative among Home Economics teachers in Nigeria. Only 34.5 per cent of the teachers were able to define BFI as the Baby Friendly Initiative while 60 per cent defined exclusive breastfeeding correctly. Although 70.2 per cent acknowledged that breastfeeding prevents malnutrition in babies, only 12.5 per cent knew about the protective effects of colostrum. Of the study population 29.8 per cent knew that breastfeeding should be on demand and not regulated. Over 80 per cent of the teachers advocated that the BFI should be taught at all levels of education.We conclude that their knowledge of the BFI is poor and that they will require further education before they can be used effectively as resource personnel in training girls (potential mothers) in BFI.
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Pesticide Pollution Remains Severe after Cleanup of a Stockpile of Obsolete Pesticides at Vikuge, Tanzania - Elfvendahl, Sara; Mihale, Matobola Joel; Kishimba, Michael A.; Kylin, Henrik (AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 2004)
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Experience of tubal surgery for infertility at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. - Fasubaa, OB; Aa, Onayade; To, Ajenifuja (African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2004)
The magnitude of fallopian tube disease and their contribution to infertility in Nigeria and in Africa are gross among the cohorts of women presenting with difficulty in childbearing. The objective of the study is to assess the trend and pattern of tubal disease in infertility and pregnancy rate among patients undergoing tubal surgery at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. A descriptive retrospective study of all cases of tubal disease in infertility who admitted for surgery between January 1st 1993 and December 31st, 2000 at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. There were 6144 infertile women among 29,011 females of reproductive age group attending the hospital during the study period giving an overall incidence of infertility of 21.2%. Among this group, 1352(22%) were due to tubal disease. One hundred and twenty five (125) of these patients showed up for surgery and thirteen pregnancies were recorded giving an overall pregnancy rate of 10.8%. About one in four of these patients had had previous tubal surgery for infertility. Salopingolysis had the best pregnancy rate with about 19.3% success. Tubal disease is a common cause of infertility in South Western Nigeria and success rates following surgery are low. We advocate the establishment of regional fertility centres as a cost effective way of improving access to modern assisted conception techniques.
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Violence and HIV/AIDS prevention among female out-of-school youths in southwestern Nigeria: lessons learnt from interventions targeted at hawkers and apprentices. - Fawole, Olufunmilayo I.; Ajuwon, Ademola J.; Osungbade, Kayode O. (PubMed, 2004)
Between 1997 and 2003, four studies on hawkers and apprentices in motor parks and work shops in south west, Nigeria were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing HIV infection and gender based violence (GBV). The studies were in 3 phases namely baseline survey, intervention and end line survey. Interventions consisting of:–development and distribution of education materials and training programmes for the police, judiciary, instructors, drivers, traders and apprentices/hawkers, including micro-credit facilities were implemented in some of the studies. The major lessons learnt were that: Young girls working in the informal sector of the Nigerian economy face dual risks of HIV infection and GBV and yet they are seldom targets of intervention; Many had been victims of GBV and did not seek redress either because they accept it is their lot, are afraid of being stigmatized or are put off the prolonged legal system; Perpetrators tend to deny their involvement in violence; Despite the challenges involved, interventions implemented among female apprentices and hawkers, especially those that involve multiple stakeholders, made a difference in protecting this group from dual risks of GBV and HIV/AIDS infection. We recommend more intervention programmes for this population, and regulation of activities in the informal sector of the Nigerian economy.
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School backpack weights: a survey of students in Ghana, Guatemala and the USA - Forjuoh, Samuel N. (Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2004)
Cross-sectional studies were conducted in conveniently selected schools in Ghana, Guatemala, and the USA to quantify and compare the percentage of body weight carried by students in their backpacks as well as assess parental knowledge of the backpack weights and contents. Mean backpack weights varied significantly by country and increased significantly with increasing student grade. In the USA, girls significantly carried heavier backpacks (p <.0001). The backpack loads represented an average of 7.7% (95% CI = 7.4–8.0), 9.7% (95% CI = 9.2–10.2), and 9.4% (95% CI = 9.1–9.8) of student body weights in Ghana, Guatemala, and the USA, respectively. No student in Ghana carried a wheeled backpack in contrast to 6% and 2.8%, respectively, in Guatemala and the USA. In Ghana, 4.1 and 73.6% of parents were reported to be aware of their children's backpack weights and contents, respectively, compared to 21.9 and 57.5% in Guatemala, and 7.7 and 55.3% in the USA. Backpack loads respresent a significant percentage of the body weights of students in all three countries. The vast majority of parents are unaware of their child's backpack weight.
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Supporting Tutoring Within a Namibian Environmental Education Course: Challenges and Opportunities - Fröhlich, GI; Roux, Cheryl le (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2004)
This paper is based on a case study of tutoring in the Namibian Environmental Education Certificate (NEEC) Course. In order to support tutoring, the National NEEC Coordinator investigated the way NEEC tutors are supported and the kinds of challenges faced in the tutoring process. The case study was framed within a naturalistic paradigm and the grounded theory approach was used to analyse data. Hence theory is built on data generated throughout the research process. Data were collected from 11 NEEC tutors/support tutors using interviews and questionnaires. Document analysis provided further data and a means of triangulation. Significant challenges to the tutoring process emerged from the data analysis. The most significant challenge was the tutors’ lack of experience in, knowledge of, and enthusiasm for environmental education and distance teaching. Moreover, restrictions on time and communication (i.e. access to work sponsored telephones) caused by the working environment and a lack of adequate financial incentive emerged. Recommendations regarding the improvement of the infrastructure and management, particularly in the areas of recruitment, induction and ongoing professional development support, are made as a way of overcoming the challenges.
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Integration of adult persons with disabilities into the workforce of developing rural villages in South Africa - Graham, M (2004)
openalex: W574680138 mag: 574680138
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Fine Particulate Pollution and Source Apportionment in the Urban Centers for Africa, Asia and Latin America - Guttikunda, Sarath; Johnson, Todd M.; Procee, Paul (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
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Validation of agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) pollution model in Kori watershed, South Wollo, Ethiopia - Hassen, Mohammed; Yohannes, Fekadu; Zeleke, Gete (International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation, 2004)
Soil erosion is a major problem on the Ethiopian highlands. The poor soil management and land use practices are the causes of high soil erosion rate. Despite the extensive soil and water conservation programs launched by the Government of Ethiopia throughout the country, the achievements are far from satisfactory. One of the reasons was the inappropriate method used for assessment of soil erosion processes. This study was conducted to test and validate the agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) model in Kori gauged-watershed, South Wollo zone. Primary and secondary data collection methods were used to derive the spatial and attribute data. The primary data collection involved field survey. The soil conservation research project (SCRP) has collected hydrology and soil erosion data in the catchment since 1981. Some of the input parameters were also determined from digitized slope map using GIS. Ten rainfall events from 1989 and 1993 were used to calibrate the model. Sensitivity analysis conducted on the AGNPS model showed that curve number (CN) and universal soil loss equation (USLE) C factor were the most sensitive parameters and were subjected to calibration. The model calibration resulted in model efficiencies of 0.73, 0.53 and 0.90 for surface runoff, peak runoff rate, and sediment yield, respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.87, 0.81 and 0.99, respectively, all significant at p ≤ 0.01. Eight rainfall events from 1992 were used to validate the model. Validation results produced model efficiencies of 0.86, 0.65 and 0.88 for surface runoff, peak runoff rate and sediment yield, respectively. Surface runoff and peak flow simulations were improved in the validation stage. The corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.90 and 0.98, all significant at p ≤ 0.01, which showed the high linear correlation between measured and predicted values. It can be concluded that the AGNPS model is a useful prediction tool for understanding erosion processes on the Ethiopian highlands and for locating and targeting specific areas within the watershed that have high potential for soil loss, thus helping the conservation planner to design conservation plans.
openalex: W2085345122 mag: 2085345122
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Fracture prediction for the 1980 El Asnam, Algeria earthquake via elastic dislocation modeling - Healy, David; Yielding, Graham; Kusznir, Nick (Tectonics (Washington, D.C.), 2004)
Geomechanical models based on linear elasticity have been used to predict the mode and distribution of subseismic fractures around larger faults. These models can be tested against field observations of surface breaks (fractures) formed in the aftermath of large earthquakes. This paper presents forward models based on elastic dislocation theory of the deformation due to the M s 7.3 earthquake at El Asnam, Algeria in 1980. Using fault parameters from previous geodetic studies to define a set of larger faults, our models calculate the deformation field in the surrounding rock volume. We compare predicted strain and stress fields with the surface deformation measured in the area following the 1980 earthquake. Using a combination of the redistributed elastic dislocation stress due to slip on the major faults and a small component of overburden stress, the models successfully predict normal faults and tensile fractures in the hanging wall of the reverse fault system. Orientations of the predicted faults vary along strike of the fault system, being parallel to the main reverse fault in the south but oblique to it along the central segment, agreeing with observed surface breaks. The results of our forward modeling are not sensitive to the magnitude or direction of a regional tectonic stress. The predicted fractures are controlled by the near‐field, short‐term redistributed stresses due to coseismic slip. The agreement between modeled and measured deformation patterns adds confidence in the use of elastic dislocation theory to accurately predict small faults generated by coseismic slip on large faults.
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Effects of drought on birds in the Kalahari, Botswana - Herremans, Marc (Ostrich, 2004)
Results are presented from point-counts at six sites in the Kalahari in Botswana. Counts were repeated three times: during a dry season following good rains (1991), during the next wet season when rains were far below average, and the following dry season (1992) when the area became drought-stricken. Compared to the wet season, bird numbers decreased during the drought by 37–81% and species by 8–52%; compared to the previous dry season, birds decreased by 5–71% and species by 2–47%. Bird diversity (relative to numbers) tended to increase during the wet season but was little affected by drought, except in the northern Kalahari, where a greater proportion of birds moved out in response to drought. This gave the northern Kalahari the most distinct bird community during a wet cycle, but it became again typically Kalahari during the drought. Thus, the typical Kalahari bird communities expanded their range during drought into the moister periphery. Changes in numbers, most probably resulting from (local) movements were found in many species. Most confirmed earlier reports on their nomadic nature but some, like Red-crested Lophotis ruficrista and Northern Black Afrotis afraoides Korhaan, Chestnut-vented Tit-Babbler Parisoma subcaeruleum, Ant-eating Chat Myrmecocichla formicivora, Tinkling Cisticola Cisticola rufilatus, Black-chested Prinia Prinia flavicans, Marico Flycatcher Bradornis mariquensis and Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra australis have not been or are not widely recognised as mobile species.
openalex: W2028608915 mag: 2028608915
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An evaluation of the use of theater in nutrition education for low-income African-American children - Jackson, Caree Joli (2004)
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‘Lost in Translation’? Researching Education in Africa - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Education As Change, 2004)
In one sense, researching education in Africa is not unlike pursuing research in any other context: the intellectual demands of generating powerful questions, the problems of adequate sampling frames, the challenge of dealing with large data sets, and the inevitable lack of time and resources, define what is common in the enterprise of (educational) research everywhere. Yet it is undeniable that there are powerful political, theoretical, methodological, procedural and logistical problems that create very different contexts for the conduct of research in third world settings generally, and in Africa in particular.
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Near-Field High-Resolution Seismic, Strain and Displacement Measurements for Earthquake Source Studies in Deep Mines in South Africa - Johnston, M. J. S.; Reches, Z.; Aswegan, G. van; McGarr, A.; Lockner, D. A.; Sellers, Ewan; Zion, Y. Ben; Williams, C. A. (AGUFM, 2004)
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Outsiders within: Experiences of Kenyan women in higher education - Kamau, Njoki (2004)
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Tailoring medical education in Papua New Guinea to the needs of the country - Kevau, I; Vince, John; McPherson, Jean (Medical Journal of Australia, 2004)
Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 181, Issue 11-12 p. 608-610 South Pacific Tailoring medical education in Papua New Guinea to the needs of the country Isi H Kevau MMed, FRACP, PhD, Isi H Kevau MMed, FRACP, PhD Professor of Medicine; and Chair, Undergraduate Medical Education Committee School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this authorJohn D Vince FRCP, MD, John D Vince FRCP, MD Professor of Child Health; and Chair, Postgraduate Committee School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this authorJean V McPherson FRCPA, Jean V McPherson FRCPA Honorary Professor of Medical Education School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this author Isi H Kevau MMed, FRACP, PhD, Isi H Kevau MMed, FRACP, PhD Professor of Medicine; and Chair, Undergraduate Medical Education Committee School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this authorJohn D Vince FRCP, MD, John D Vince FRCP, MD Professor of Child Health; and Chair, Postgraduate Committee School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this authorJean V McPherson FRCPA, Jean V McPherson FRCPA Honorary Professor of Medical Education School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Search for more papers by this author First published: 06 December 2004 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06483.xCitations: 6Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume181, Issue11-12December 2004Pages 608-610 RelatedInformation
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Engineering Education in African Universities: A Case for Internationalization - Kumar, Anil; Ochieng, Aoyi; Onyango, Maurice S. (Journal of Studies in International Education, 2004)
Engineering education is getting global. This article assesses the present scenario in engineering education, which is undergoing a paradigm shift because of the Internet, innovation, and internationalization. The influence of information technology, industrial development, national politics, and economic policies on internationalization of engineering education has been discussed. Quality control and accreditation practices in some countries have been reviewed, and a link between technology advancement and engineering curricula has been drawn. A stable political and economic system is necessary to retain the highly qualified African engineers who are the drivers of the engineering education toward achieving this goal.
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Sexual harassment : perceptions and coping strategies among undergraduate students in Nigeria - Ladebo, Olugbenga Jelil; Shopeju, J. O. (Acta Academica, 2004)
Seksuele teistering : persepsies en hanteringstrategiee onder voorgraadse studente in Nigerie Hierdie artikel doen verslag oor 'n ondersoek na ondervindings van seksuele teistering (ST), hanteringstrategiee en opvoedkundige uitkomste van voorgraadse studente van die Suid-Wes Nigeriese Landbou Universiteit. Vraelyste is aan 290 voorgraadse studente uitgedeel. Daar is bevind dat die hoofteikens van teistering vroulike studente is, en die tipiese skuldiges manlike studente is. Studente het seksuele voorstelle en afsprake waar dreigemente 'n rol speel as uiterste vorme van ST beskou. Daar was geen verband tussen seksuele teistering en studente se tevredenheid met die instansie nie, maar die akademiese prestasies van teikens van seksuele teistering was laer as die van nie-geteisterde studente. This article reports on an investigation into the sexual harassment (SH) experiences, coping strategies and educational outcomes of undergraduate students from the University of Agriculture in south-western Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to 290 undergraduate students. Female students were found to be the main targets of harassment and male students the typical perpetrators. Students perceived sexual propositions and dating propositions accompanied by threats as constituting severe forms of SH. There was no association between sexual harassment and students' satisfaction with the institution but the targets of harassment had a lower academic performance than non-harassed students.
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Modeling Hydrological Impact of Land-Use and Climate Change in West and Central Africa - Li, K. Y.; Coe, Michael T.; Ramankutty, Navin; Jong, Rogier de (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
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Geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks of the Neoarchaean Sukumaland Greenstone Belt, northwestern Tanzania - Manya, Shukrani (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2004)
The late Archaean volcanic rocks of the Rwamagaza area in the Sukumaland Greenstone Belt consists of basalts and basaltic andesites associated with volumetrically minor rhyodacites and rhyolites. Most basalts and basaltic andesites yield nearly flat patterns (La/SmCN = 0.89–1.34) indicating derivation by partial melting of the mantle at relatively low pressure outside the garnet stability field. On primitive mantle normalized trace element diagrams, the basalts and basaltic andesites can be subdivided into two groups. The first group is characterised by moderately negative Nb anomalies (Nb/Lapm = 0.51–0.73, mean = 0.61 ± 0.08) with slight enrichment of LREE relative to both Th and HREE. The second group is characterised by nearly flat patterns with no Nb anomalies (Nb/Lapm = 0.77 ± 0.39). The observed Nb and Th anomalies in the Rwamagaza basalts and basaltic andesites, cannot be explained by alteration, crustal contamination or melt–solid equilibria. Rather, the anomalies are interpreted, on the basis of Nb–Th–La–Ce systematics, as having formed by partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle consisting of variable mixtures of components derived from two distinct sources. These sources are depleted mantle similar to that generating modern MORB and an LREE-enriched and HFSE-depleted source similar to that feeding volcanism along modern convergent margins. The rhyolites are characterised by high Na2O/K2O ratios (>1) and Al2O3 (>15 wt.%), low HREE contents (Yb = 0.24–0.68 ppm) leading to highly fractionated REE patterns (La/YbCN = 18.4–54.7) and large negative Nb anomalies (Nb/Lapm = 0.11–0.20), characteristics that are typical of Cenozoic adakites and Archaean TTG which form by partial melting of the hydrated basaltic crust at pressures high enough to stabilize garnet ± amphibole. The Rwamagaza basalts and basaltic andesites are geochemically analogous to the Phanerozoic Mariana Trough Back Arc Basin Basalts and the overall geochemical diversity of Rwamagaza volcanic rocks is interpreted in terms of a geodynamic model involving the interaction of a depleted mantle, a melting subducting oceanic slab in a back arc setting.
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Education in exile : SOMAFCO, the ANC school in Tanzania, 1978-1992, Seán Morrow, Brown Maaba & Loyiso Pulumani : book review - Masehela, Kgabo (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
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The roles of family nurse practitioners (FNPS) in Swaziland and their needs for continuing education - Mathunjwa, E.; Potgieter, M. S. (Africa journal of nursing and midwifery, 2004)
In Swaziland, family nurse practitioners (FNPs) are professional nurses who have undergone training as a general nurse, midwife and family nurse practitioner. These nurses play an important role in the delivery of primary health care (PHC) services.
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Evaluating the integration of ICTs into teaching and learning activities at a South African higher education institution - Merwe, Van der; Deirdre, Antoinette (2004)
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Access to continued professional education among health workers in Blantyre, Malawi. - Muula, Adamson S; Misiri, Humphreys E; Chimalizeni, Yamikani; Mpando, Davis; Phiri, Chimota; Nyaka, Amos (PubMed, 2004)
To describe the current status of continued professional development (CPD) of healthcare personnel within the Ministry of Health (MoH) health centres in Blantyre, Malawi.A cross-sectional descriptive study utilizing an interviewer-administered questionnaire.Healthcare workers in public health centers in Blantyre District, Malawi.Fifty-seven healthcare workers participated of whom 47 (82.5%) were nurses, 8 (14.0%) were either medical assistants or clinical officers, and one laboratory technician and a dental therapist. At the time of the study, 50(87.7%) were prescribers and 54 (94.7%) had ever issued a prescription for medications. Participation in workshops and seminars within the past 12 months was reported by 54 (94.7%) of the participants and 49 (86.0%) reported that their health facilities had clinical hand-over meetings. All participants indicated desire to receive professional journals for free while only 35 (61.4%) were willing to pay for a journal subscription. Current personal and institutional subscription to a journal was low, at 2 (3.5%) each. About 30% had been trained to conduct research and 23 (40.1%) had ever conducted research with only 3 (5.3%) ever written a journal or newsletter article. 47.4% had access to a working phone at work and only 3 (5.3%) had access to internet facilities at all. Only 21% were satisfied with their own knowledge on health matters.Healthcare professionals in Blantyre's DHO zone are using mostly clinical hand-over meetings, seminars and workshops for their CPD. There is need to improve access to relevant professional journals. The regulatory or licensing boards for healthcare professional in Malawi should seriously consider mandatory CPD credits for re-registration.
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From Vernacular to English: A Model of Innovation from within the Hearts of the Indigenous Teachers in Papua New Guinea - Nagai, Yasuko; Lister, Ronah (Language and Education, 2004)
This paper explores the effectiveness of initial vernacular education for successful transfer to English. The data is drawn from the personal, innovative experiences of a local vernacular elementary school teacher in Papua New Guinea, who helped individual children to gain literacy skills in the local vernacular. As a result, the children were able to transfer their skills to other languages including English. This success has brought much joy not only to the teacher but also to the children and their parents.
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Rethinking higher education transformation in terms of an African(a) philosophy - Nakusera, Elrico P. (2004)
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The Nature of Analogical Explanations: High School Physics Teachers Use in Kenya - Nashon, Samson Madera (Research in Science Education, 2004)
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(Re)Anglicising the Kids: Contradictions of Classroom Discourse in Post-Apartheid South Africa. - Ndimande, Bekisizwe S. (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
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(Re)Anglicising the kids : contradictions of classroom discourse in post-apartheid South Africa : research article - Ndimande, Bekisizwe S. (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
This article brings to our attention the intricacies and possibilities of teaching and learning in post-apartheid public schools of South Africa.2 My argument moves from the premise that if the South African school system is meant to build a democratic nation, then it must reflect the democratic objectives of the nation. Research (e.g. Chisholm, 2002; Jansen, 1999) shows that in the last five years the new curriculum implemented to replace apartheid education has encountered significant limitations in terms of improving the education deficit incurred by Africans under the apartheid state. While public schools in the suburbs and cities are becoming increasingly desegregated, the classroom discourse has remained unchanged and the learning situation is far from complimentary. In short, the classroom discourse has not been successful in helping students of all cultural and class backgrounds to realise their education dream. To be more precise, the classroom discourse has continued to reward students from White upper class background, a practice that has led Black working class students pushed further to the periphery. In this article I problematise the unrepresentative classroom discourse in the form of language, which has persisted in most desegregated South African public schools.
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Reproductive Health Behaviour among In-School and Out-of-School Youth in Kabarole District, Uganda - Ndyanabangi, Bannet; Kipp, Walter; Diesfeld, Hans Jochen (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2004)
This study was conducted to elucidate whether in-school adolescents have sexual behavioural patterns that differ from those of out-of-school adolescents. A total of 300 in-school and 256 out-of-school adolescents were interviewed. Condom use was significantly higher among in-school than out-of-school adolescents. In-school adolescents had fewer sexual partners in the previous year and had started sexual activities at a later age than out-of-school adolescents. In-school adolescents were more likely to have used modern contraceptive in the past than out-of-school adolescents. We conclude that out-of-school adolescents are less likely to practice safe sex and to use modern family planning methods than in-school adolescents. This indicates the need to provide more information to this group of adolescents. They are traditionally neglected in favour of in-school adolescents, who have greater access to information.
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A framework for leadership and management of a medical school in South Africa - Nel, Pieter Phillip Cornelius (2004)
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Evaluation of the use of a questionnaire to detect hearing loss in Kenyan pre-school children - Newton, VE; Macharia, I; Mugwe, P; Ototo, B; Kan, SW (Community Ear and Hearing Health, 2004)
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Climate Change Affects the East African Rift Valley Lakes - O’Reilly, Catherine M.; Plisnier, Pierre‐Denis; Cohen, A. S. (AGUFM, 2004)
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Semi-controlled Earthquake-generation Experiments to Monitor the Entire Life Span of an Earthquake in South African Deep Gold Mines - Ogasawara, Hiroyuki; Nakatani, Masao; Iio, Yoshihisa; Ishii, Hiromitsu; Yamauchi, Takaki; Takeuchi, J.; Shimoda, Naoyuki; Kawakata, Hironori; Mendecki, A. J.; Aswegen, G. van; Kato, Aitaro; Satoh, T.; et al. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
Mining takes place at depths of 2-3 km in South Africa, thereby inducing events with M \textgreater 3 in the close vicinity of stopes, with the largest events so far recorded being M \textgreater 5. As a result, seismogenic processes can be monitored at very short distances with sensors installed ahead of time in seismogenic areas. We refer to this process as a semi-controlled earthquake-generation experiment, which cannot be done with natural earthquakes monitored from the Earth's surface. In the 1970s-1980s, pioneering work (e.g. McGarr et al. 1975) yielded abundant, fundamentally important results in this area. In more recent times, broad-band and wide-dynamic-range monitoring has enabled us to study additional details of the seismogenic process. Therefore, we have attempted to monitor the entire life span of an earthquake within a hypocentral distance of a few hundred meters. To date, we have monitored in six experimental fields in South African mines, the pilot field being near a strong dike 1700-m deep in a mine. The second was a homogeneous area 2700-m deep without existing faults or dikes in another mine. From 2000 we began to continuously monitor normal and shear strains on faults with 25-Hz and 24-bit sampling, where an event with M about 3 is expected at 2400-2600 m deep. Then, we have successfully monitored the entire strain history \textgreater 1E-4 in a fault loss associated with a few seismic events with M \textgreater 2. However, there were no close strong motion meter available to locate asperities; only a single strainmeter was available, not enabling us to locate strain change source; no insitu stress measurements were carried out at the site; no information available to constrain strength. In order to solve the problems, from 2003 to 2004, we deployed new experimental fields at fault bracket/stabilizing pillars in South African deep gold mines 2900-m deep. We installed multiple strainmeters, arrays of strong ground motion meters, sensitive thermometer array to monitor seismic heat generation, and fault displacement meters. At the field, dense thermometer array to monitor strength of a fault was successfully deployed. In this paper, we review our activities to date and future prospects.
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Endodontic flare-ups: comparison of incidence between single and multiple visits procedures in patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Oginni, Adeleke Oke; Udoye, Christopher I. (PubMed, 2004)
The present study was performed to compare the incidence of endodontic flare ups in single with multiple visits treatment procedures, to establish the relationship between pre-operative and post obturation pain in patients attending for endodontic therapy in a Nigerian teaching Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to either single visit or multiple visits group. Data collected at root canal treatment appointment and recall visits (1st, 7th and 30th day post obturation) include pulp vitality status, the presence or absence of pre-operative pain, presence and degree of post obturation pain. Presence of endodontic flare-ups (defined as either patient's report of pain not controlled with over the counter medication and or increasing swelling). The compiled data were analyzed using chi-square where applicable. P level < 0.05 was taken as significant. Ten endodontic flare-ups (8.1 %) were recorded in the multiple visits group compared to 19 (18,3%) flare-ups for the single visit group, P = 0.02. For both single and multiple visits procedures, there were statistically significant correlations between pre operative and post obturation pain (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0004 respectively). Teeth with vital pulps reported the lowest frequency of post obturation pain (48.8%), while those with non vital pulps were found to have the highest frequency oh post obturation pain (50,3%), P = 0.9. Although the present study reported higher incidences for post obturation pain and flare-ups following the single visit procedures, single visit endodontic therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to multiple visits treatment.
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Sustaining free primary education and enrollment in Kenya - Ombado, George Yashon (2004)
Today Kenya is among the poorest countries in the world. The political instability and economic stagnation of the 90s may have accelerated this by disrupting the operation of almost all the sectors in the country as argued by Abagi( 1997). For instance, Education sector was adversely affected, since in that period, costs were relatively higher than most parents would afford resulting in school dropouts, yet common investment lmowledge considers education, as a key component of human development hence needs more attention. The same period also shows that Kenya is among the few countries with considerable high education expenditure. (UNESCO, 1999); unfortunately no significa:nt increase in school attendance was observed until introduction of Free Primary Education (FPE) in 2002. It is against this background that this paper has two main objectives; firstly to observe the enrollment trends before and after FPE. Secondly, to show the government's commitment and ability to sustain that enrollment yet they have limited financial resource. While doing so, the paper shows that allocation of other social services is at a decreasing rate and that the situation may result into poor performance by other sectors. It concludes that the government of Kenya is financial committed to FPE program given the percentages of education expenditure and that improvement in revenue collection will make this goal achievable.
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Unmet Need for Sexuality Education among Adolescent Girls in Southwest Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis - Omigbodun, Olayinka; Omigbodun, Akinyinka (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2004)
This study utilises a qualitative approach to elicit the reproductive health concerns of girls at a Christian summer camp with a view to making recommendations on how to improve the content and process of future sessions. The girls asked questions anonymously about various aspects of their sexuality, which were analysed to identify emergent themes. There were 75 participants with ages ranging from childhood to late adolescence (7-21 years). The different levels of cognitive development are clearly illustrated in the types of questions asked. The late adolescents focused on coping with relationships and demands for sex. The early and middle adolescents focused on their feelings, relationships, menstruation and breast size. Those in childhood (7-11 years) appeared totally ignorant about parts of their body. Myths and misconceptions were identified in all age groups. Future sessions should address the peculiar needs of these different age groups. Christian and other religious groups should work with health educators to develop realistic teaching guidelines that focus on the everyday concerns of the youth.
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Race, education, and knowledge of bone marrow registry: Indicators of willingness to donate bone marrow among African Americans and Caucasians - Onitilo, Adedayo A.; Lin, Yukang; Okonofua, Eni C.; Afrin, Lawrence B.; Ariail, J.; Tilley, Benjamin (Transplantation Proceedings, 2004)
As bone marrow transplantation (BMT) increases, the availability of suitable donors becomes critical, especially for African Americans, who require a large donor pool to find a suitable match. Previous studies indicated willingness to donate marrow may be a barrier for achieving a large donor pool.We conducted a random-sample, statewide telephone survey of 421 Caucasians and 408 African Americans in South Carolina to determine if racial differences in willingness to donate bone marrow exist. We assessed a general level of willingness, asking, "Will you be willing to be a marrow donor?" We assessed an additional level of willingness, asking, "Are you willing to be contacted about bone marrow donation?"We detected no racial differences in general willingness to donate (Caucasians 34%, African Americans 32%, P=.52), although there was a difference in willingness to be contacted to sign-up for the registry (Caucasians 18.3%, African Americans 11%, P=.003). African Americans were more aware that better matches occur within the same race (P <.0001). Caucasians were more knowledgeable about the registry (P <.0001). Younger, more highly educated respondents indicated a greater willingness to be donors. In both races, fear of pain was the most common reason for unwillingness to donate, and it was significantly higher in African Americans.Our study suggests reported lack of general willingness does not explain the racial disparities in BMT. Many who expressed willingness to donate were not willing to be contacted to sign up for the registry, especially African Americans. Education and adequate pain control may improve minority recruitment.
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Effects of rosglitazone on plasma adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in high-risk African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance test and type 2 diabetes - Osei, Kwame; Gaillard, Trudy; Kaplow, June; Bullock, Matthew; Schuster, Dara (Metabolism, 2004)
We examined the metabolic effects of rosiglitazone therapy on glucose control, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and adiponectin in first-degree relatives of African Americans with type 2 diabetes (DM) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DM for 3 months. The study was comprised of 12 first-degree relatives with IGT, 17 newly diagnosed DM, and 19 healthy relatives with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after 3 months of rosiglitazone therapy (4 to 8 mg/d) in patients with IGT and DM. Serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin levels were measured before and 2 hours during OGTT in the NGT and patients with IGT and DM. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated in each subject using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Rosglitazone improved the overall glycemic control in the IGT and DM groups. Following rosiglitazone, the beta-cell secretion remained unchanged, while HOMR-IR was reduced in DM by 30% (4.12 +/- 1.95 v 6.33 +/- 3.54, P < .05) and the IGT group (3.78 +/- 2.45 v 4.81 +/- 3.49, P = not significant [NS]). Mean plasma adiponectin levels were significantly (P < .05) lower in the DM (6.74 +/- 1.95 microg/mL) when compared with the NGT group(9.61 +/- 5.09). Rosiglitazone significantly (P < .001) increased adiponectin levels by 2-fold in patients with IGT (22.2 +/- 10.97 microg/mL) and 2.5-fold greater in DM (15.68 +/- 8.23 microg/mL) at 3 months when compared with the 0 month. We conclude that adiponectin could play a significant role (1) in the pathogenesis of IGT and DM and (2) the beneficial metabolic effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in high-risk African American patients.
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A model for analysis, systemic planning and strategic synthesis for health science teaching in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a vision for action - Parent, Florence; Kahombo, Gérard; Bapitani, Josué; Garant, Michèle; Coppieters, Yves; Lévêque, Alain; Piette, Danielle (Human Resources for Health, 2004)
The problem of training human resources in health is a real concern in public health in Central Africa. What can be changed in order to train more competent health professionals? This is of utmost importance in primary health care. Taking into account the level of training of secondary-level nurses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a systemic approach, based on the PRECEDE PROCEED model of analysis, led to a better understanding of the educational determinants and of the factors favourable to a better match between training in health sciences and the expected competences of the health professionals. This article must be read on two complementary levels: one reading, focused on the methodological process, should allow our findings to be transferred to other problems (adaptation of a health promotion model to the educational sphere). The other reading, revolving around the specific theme and results, should provide a frame of reference and specific avenues for action to improve human resources in the health field (using the results of its application in health science teaching in the DRC). The results show that it is important to start this training with a global and integrated approach shared by all the actors. The strategies of action entail the need for an approach taking into account all the aspects, i.e. sociological, educational, medical and public health. The analysis of the results shows that one cannot bring any change without integrated strategies of action and a multidisciplinary approach that includes all the complex determinants of health behaviour, and to do it within the organization of local structures and institutions in the ministry of health in the DRC.
openalex: W2101318722 mag: 2101318722
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Changing class : education and change in postapartheid South Africa, Linda Chisholm (ed.) : book review - Pillay, Venitha (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
openalex: W2615480852 mag: 2615480852
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Free and compulsory primary education in Lesotho : democratic or not? - Potjiri, Elizabeth Tello (2004)
openalex: W802428859 mag: 802428859
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Turning the Tables: Double Benefits Attained from Training HBCU Students to Teach Geosciences in African-American Communities - Pride, Carol; Olsen, Matthew (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
openalex: W3196418813 mag: 3196418813
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The Pretorious fault, Mponeng mine, South Africa: A site selected for the establishment of a natural earthquake laboratory - Reches, Z.; Aswegen, G. van; Jordan, Thomas H.; Johnston, M. J. S.; Zoback, Mark D. (AGUFM, 2004)
openalex: W3037605402 mag: 3037605402
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Sustainable soil fertility management in Benin: learning from farmers - Saïdou, Aliou; Kuyper, Thomas W.; Kossou, D.K.; Tossou, Rigobert Cocou; Richards, Paul (NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 2004)
The perception of farmers from the Atacora and Savè regions of Benin was studied about the causes and consequences of land degradation and corrective actions for sustaining soil fertility. Research methods in this diagnostic study included group discussions, using non-standardized unstructured interviews and participant observations. Farmland degradation leading to declining yields, and land tenure arrangements were identified as the main constraints on the sustainability of agriculture. In both regions the farmers stated that climatic changes (less and more irregular rainfall), run off, erosion, and overexploitation of farmlands caused land degradation. Soil fertility status was assessed on the basis of dicotyledonous weeds, soil texture and colour, and soil fauna (earthworm casting activity). Farmers have adapted their cropping systems to the local environment by developing traditional and new strategies and activities that could contribute to maintain or enhance crop productivity. These strategies include animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, crop rotation, a five-year fallow, extensive cropping systems with cassava or egusi melon, and emigration. Land tenure arrangements between landlords and migrants affect strategies that can be applied to maintain soil fertility. The importance of building mutual trust and the need to experiment with different land tenure arrangements are indicated. A framework for interactive research where knowledge is collectively generated is proposed in order to test the effectiveness and applicability of some of these local innovations not yet well understood by conventional science.
openalex: W2127599572 mag: 2127599572
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Effect of Five Weeks of Strength and Flexibility Training on Associations between Self-Reported and Performance-Based Measures of Physical Fitness in Older African-American Adults - Schuler, Petra B.; Marzilli, Thomas S.; Kozusko, Joseph (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2004)
Previous research suggests that older adults' perceptions of personal physical fitness are limited, especially for muscular strength and flexibility, and that these perceptual limitations may be the result of an insufficient referent for discerning appropriate muscular strength and flexibility. This study evaluated whether 5 wk. of strength and flexibility training would provide the additional experiences necessary for older adults to strengthen the correlations between their self-reported and performance-based measures of physical fitness, specifically for the subcomponents of strength and flexibility. Evaluated components were aerobic endurance (maximal distance covered in 6 min.), muscular strength (maximal amount of weighted arm-curls and chair ups), flexibility (back-scratch and modified sit and reach), and body composition (BMI). From a local community center a convenient sample of 20 African-American adults (5 men and 15 women) who ranged in age from 57 to 82 years (M=68 yr., SD=5 yr.) volunteered to participate in 5 wk. of strength and flexibility training (twice a week, 60 min. per session). Initially, the absolute value of correlations between self-reported and performance-based measures of physical fitness were low to moderately high (r=.35 to .68) with the greatest correlation found for body composition (r=-.68). After 5 wk. of training, the participants' self-reports of upper body flexibility significantly improved (r=.42 to .70); however, no significant changes were found in self-reports of muscular strength and lower body flexibility. Additional validation of available self-report scales, as well as the development of new and improved self-report ones, is needed.
openalex: W2023850438 mag: 2023850438
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Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education - Schultz, Tanja (Journal of African Economies, 2004)
Wage differentials by education of men and women are examined from several recent African household surveys to document empirical regularities in private wage returns to schooling. In contrast to the common description which states that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and post-secondary levels, these surveys imply private returns in six countries are highest at the secondary and post-secondary levels and generally as high for women as they are for men, though women are less likely to enrol at these higher levels of schooling, with the exception of South Africa. Thus, the large public subsidies for post-secondary education in Africa do not appear needed to motivate students to enrol and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are shown to have been drawn disproportionately from the most educated families. More efficient management of higher education in Africa could be encouraged, if the children of well-educated parents were to pay the public costs of their schooling and these tuition revenues were used to expand higher education and finance fellowships for only the children of the poor, who on average face relatively low returns in Africa on their basic education and have the greatest difficulty borrowing to finance their attendance in school.
openalex: W3125572134 mag: 3125572134
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Fault location and source process of the 2003 Boumerdes, Algeria, earthquake inferred from geodetic and strong motion data. - Semmane, Fethi; Campillo, Míchel; Cotton, Fabrice (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
openalex: W3110258306 mag: 3110258306
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Climate change and birds: perspectives and prospects from southern Africa - Simmons, Robert E.; Barnard, Phoebe; Dean, W J Richard; Midgley, Guy F.; Thuiller, Wilfried; Hughes, Greg (Ostrich, 2004)
Abstract Global climate warming, now conclusively linked to anthropogenically-increased CO2 levels in the earth's atmosphere, has already had impacts on the earth's biodiversity and is predicted to threaten more than 1 million species with extinction by 2050. Climate change in southern Africa is expected to involve higher temperatures and lower rainfall, with less predictability and a greater frequency of severe storms, fires and El Niño events. The predicted changes to birds in Africa — the continent most at risk from climate change — have hardly been explored, yet birds and many other vertebrates face uncertain futures. Here, in one of the first focused analyses of the correlates of climate change vulnerability in southern African birds, we offer a wide-ranging perspective on which species may be most at risk, and explore which traits may influence the adaptability or extinction risk of bird species. Our review suggests that small nomadic species with short generation times may be least at risk. While larger-bodied species may be physiologically buffered against environmental change, their longer generation times may make them less able to adapt evolutionarily to climate change. Migrant species, and those with specialised feeding niches such as pollinators, are also predicted to be at risk of population declines, based on low ability to adapt to new environments when introduced there as aliens. Species with small ranges (<50 000km2) restricted to the two southern African biodiversity hotspots most at risk from climate change — the Cape Floral Kingdom and the Succulent Karoo — are ranked according to low, medium or high risk of extinction. Those restricted to mountain slopes, mountain tops or islands, and those occurring mainly at the southern or western extremes of these biomes, are ranked as highest risk. These include endemic sunbirds, warblers and rock-jumpers — none of which are currently recognised Red Data species. Using climate envelopes we modelled the possible range shifts by 2050 of three pairs of species found in habitats considered to be at risk: fynbos, mountain and arid Karoo. All six species lost substantial portions of their range (x = 40%), with the montane Drakensberg Rock-jumper Chaetops aurantius losing most (69%). Significant reductions of available climate space in all species may interact with life history characteristics to threaten many southern African bird species unable to shift geographic range or adapt to novel resource conditions. We conclude with a list of research priorities and testable hypotheses which may advance our understanding of the complex influence that climate change is likely to have on African, particularly southern African, birds.
openalex: W2041303557 mag: 2041303557
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Dental caries status of primary school children aged 4-16 years in southwest Nigeria. - Sofola, OO; So, Jeboda; Shaba, OP (PubMed, 2004)
To assess the dental caries status of primary schoolchildren aged 4-16 in both urban and rural areas of Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria.Cross sectional and descriptive.Sample comprised of primary school children (n = 1,829) selected from five urban non-fee paying schools and three fee-paying schools as well as five rural fee-paying schools. Caries was diagnosed based on the WHO caries diagnostic criteria (1997).Caries prevalence was 14.4% in the urban area and 5.7% in the rural area (p < 0.01). Children from the fee-paying schools had a caries prevalence of 21% while those from the non-fee paying schools had a caries prevalence of 8.1% (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in dft score among 4-6 year-olds, which was 0.33 and 0.32 in both the urban and the rural areas respectively but there was a significant difference in dft and DMFT score in the older age groups. Most of the caries were unrestored, only 3 (0.16%) had filled teeth. 9.1% required restorative treatment, 2.4% had teeth for extraction.The prevalence of caries is low in the Nigerian population studied. Treatment rate is very low.
openalex: W2396118717 mag: 2396118717
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A New Racial State? Exclusion and Inclusion in Education Policy and Practice in South Africa. - Soudien, Crain; Sayed, Yusuf (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
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A new racial state? Exclusion and inclusion in education policy and practice in South Africa : conversations - Soudien, Crain; Sayed, Yusuf (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
This article seeks to argue that the nature of the new South African state is bound up with the processes of the political negotiations and the compromises that led to the coming into being of the new democracy in 1994. Incontrovertible as it is that a new state was born, always evident, it is argued, was the parentage of this state, that of a racist National Party / state and a nonracial (not necessarily anti-racist) African National Congress. From this union emerged a hybrid state with public policies that carried the ambiguous marks of its origins. These ambiguities are manifest in the policies that have developed around education. Education has become a prime site through which the re-articulated racial state can be observed. To state this argument, the article takes its empirical base from the work of the Inclusion / Exclusion In India and South Africa (Inexsa) project which looked at how race is dealt with in policy formulation and practice in South Africa to analyse the relationships between inclusion education policies and decentralisation. The study examine inclusionary and exclusionary practices in 12 schools in three different provinces.
openalex: W33185818 mag: 33185818
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Comparison of ring laser rotational measurements with rotations derived from seismic array data: the M6.4 Morocco earthquake of February 24, 2004 - Suryanto, Wiwit; Vollmer, Daniel; Wassermann, Joachim; Igel, Heiner; Scherbaum, Frank (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
openalex: W2991769670 mag: 2991769670
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δ 13 C and δ 15 N Values of Soil Organic Matter Over Drought and Non-drought Affected Elevation Gradients in Ethiopia: Calibrating for Environmental Reconstruction - Terwilliger, Valery J.; Eshetu, Zewdu; Colman, Albert S.; Fogel, M. L. (AGUFM, 2004)
openalex: W3012700277 mag: 3012700277
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Perceived roles of African rural parents in child education and development - Torimiro, D. O.; Malik, Misbah; Kolawole, Oluwatoyin Dare (Early Child Development and Care, 2004)
The study investigated the perceived roles of African rural parents in child education and development. It examined among other things, some selected personal and socio‐economic characteristics of parents and their level of role performance in the education and development of their children, and recommendations were made for enhancing adequate educational development of African children. The study was conducted in rural communities of Oyo State in Southwestern Nigeria with the use of an interview schedule to source information from 186 parents (and their children aged 11–18 years). The parents were randomly selected from each of the four zones (Oyo, Saki, Ibadan/Ibarapa and Ogbomoso) in the study area. Descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency counts and percentages were used to summarize the data. Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation analyses were used to determine the relationship between the socio‐economic characteristics of parents and the level of development of the school child, and the congruence between role perception and role performance of parents. The study revealed among others, that variables such as educational level (r = 0.188), religion (r = 0.096), income level (r = 0.172), cosmopolitenness (r = 0.088) and membership of the Parents–Teachers’ Association (r = 0.162) had a positive and significant relationship with their level of role performance. Also, a highly significant relationship was established between the level of education and development of a rural child and the level of role performance by the parents (r = 0.118).
openalex: W2135025440 mag: 2135025440
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African Climate Change Leads Deglaciation at Termination II - Trauth, Martin H.; Deino, Alan L.; Bergner, Andreas G.N.; Strecker, Manfred R. (AGUFM, 2004)
openalex: W2998468137 mag: 2998468137
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Peraluminous websterite and granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya: Plagioclase-rich cumulates re-equilibrated at uppermost mantle and crustal conditions? - Ulianov, Alex; Kalt, Angelika; Pettke, Thomas (AGUFM, 2004)
openalex: W3023377963 mag: 3023377963
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Local Solutions to Global Challenges: Towards Effective Partnership in Basic Education An Assessment of the Zambia Country Study Report - Volan, Sissel (Forum for Development Studies, 2004)
Abstract The Zambia case study analyses the first phase of the Basic Education Sub-Sector Investment Programme (BESSIP), which ran from 1998 to 2002. The author's comments on the study are focused on three central aspects that could have been given more attention: the challenge of changing power structures linked to decentralisation efforts, which implies the changing of attitudes and working culture towards a more demand-driven system; the challenge of seeing the reform process as an integral part of the socio-political environment; the challenge facing development agencies in exercising respect for government ownership as well as being a ‘partner’ in development.
openalex: W1965499591 mag: 1965499591
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Achieving Universal Primary Education: Can Kenya Afford it? - Vos, R. de; Bedi, Arjun S.; Kimalu, Paul; Manda, Damiano Kulundu; Nafula, Nancy; Kimenyi, Mwangi S. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2004)
Kenya has experienced a rapid expansion of the education system partly due to high government expenditure on education. Despite the high level of expenditure on education, primary school enrolment has been declining since early 1990s and until 2003 when gross primary school enrolment increased to 104 percent after the introduction of free primary education. However, with an estimated net primary school enrolment rate of 77 percent, the country is far from achieving universal primary education. The worrying scenario is that the allocations of resources within the education sector seems to be ineffective as the increasing expenditure on education goes to recurrent expenditure (to pay teachers salaries). Kenya's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and the Economic Recovery Strategy for wealth and Employment Creation (ERS) outlines education targets of reaching universal primary education by 2015. The Government is faced with budget constrains and therefore the available resources need to be allocated efficiently in order to realize the education targets. The paper uses Budget Negotiation Framework (BNF) to analyze the cost effective ways of resource allocation in the primary education sector to achieve universal primary education and other education targets. Budget Negotiation Framework is a tool that aims at achieving equity and efficiency in resource allocation. Results from the analysis shows that universal primary education by the year 2015 is a feasible target for Kenya. The results also show that with a more cost- effective spending of education resources - increased trained teachers, enhanced textbook supplies and subsidies targeting the poor - the country could realize higher enrolment rates than what has been achieved with free primary education.
openalex: W1598179958 mag: 1598179958
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A conceptual analysis of teacher education in South Africa in relation to the norms and standards for educators - Waghid, Yusef; Adams, Noel David (2004)
openalex: W207651483 mag: 207651483
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Making School Safe for Girls: Combating Gender-Based Violence in Benin. - Wible, Brent (2004)
openalex: W68124508 mag: 68124508
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InSAR Measurements of Ground Deformation Related to the 2003, May 21 Mw = 6.8 Zemmouri, Algeria Earthquake - Wicks, Charles W.; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Lu, Zhaohui; Lin, Ji-Hua; Çakır, Ziyadin; Stein, Ross S.; Belabbès, Samir; Maouche, Saïd (AGUFM, 2004)
openalex: W3006753639 mag: 3006753639
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South African Teacher Stories. The Past Speaks to the Present and Future. - Wieder, Alan (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
openalex: W270058477 mag: 270058477
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South African teacher stories. The past speaks to the present and future : research article - Wieder, Alan (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
Since 1999 I have worked on an oral history project with teachers who fought apartheid. In this article teacher stories of the past are presented and analysed as models for societal and educational issues of the present and future. Two broad themes are addressed to connect the past to the present: (1) The importance of teachers' recollections of the horrors of apartheid speaking to the present class disparity, racism, and other social, political, and economic issues in South Africa; (2) The educational possibilities of resistance portrayed through the apartheid era teacher stories. Both themes are discussed and analysed throughout the article. The article commences with a discussion of the importance of teacher stories followed by two large sections. Apartheid / Racism and Class Disparity Today portrays discrimination and oppression during apartheid by means of teacher stories.Connections are made to class disparity and racism today. The teacher experiences correspond to issues facing society and schools at the present time.Apartheid Teacher Resistance / Present Possibilities commences with an analysis of nonracialism as a world view and examines the pedagogical and political lives of teachers. Again, connections are made with the present in the hope that the lives of teachers who fought apartheid might speak to present issues and problems. Finally, the article concludes by reviewing the present societal and educational critiques and advocates the possibilities of apartheid teacher stories as a model for teachers presently addressing class disparity, racism, and other social problems.
openalex: W2602174547 mag: 2602174547
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Cooperative Learning on Academic Achievement in Elementary African American Males - Wilson-Jones, Linda; Caston, Marlene Cain (Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2004)
The aim of T this study was to investigated how cooperative learning promoted the academic success of elementary African American males in grades 3 through 6 in a rural school in Mississippi This study presents viewpoints based on these students' perception of what influenced academic achievement. The qualitative study Using a qualitative analyzed interview data gathered in approach to collecting data, participants engaged6 face-to-face interviews with 16 African-American males over a 3-month period during the 2002-2003 academic school year.. Participants represented 16 elementary African American males. All were regular education who ranged between the ages of 8 and 13 years old. The participants were interviewsed focused on topics related to home and school experiences and and on how these two environments affected their academic success. It was evident of the significance cooperative learning had on their desire to learn. Cooperative learning was found to be a Results of this study indicated that was primary among the factor promoting that promoted these students their academic success. The results further indicated thatamong the factors thought to inhibit their academic successFinings showed that those African American males who had limited literacy activities did not perform as well academically as the who did. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effective learning styles of rural elementary African American males and to identify instructional strategies that could promote their academic success. Review of Related Literature In her book. Black Children: Their Roots, Culture and Learning Styles, Hale-Benson (1982) suggested that the formal methods of educating African American had not succeeded because educators had not used teaching styles that corresponded with African American children's unique learning styles. According to Hale-Benson, teachers of African American must understand the role culture has on learning styles and adapt teaching styles to coincide with these learning styles. In describing the unique learning styles of African American children, Hale-Benson stated that African American children engage in people-oriented learning styles, therefore, preferred working collaboratively in groups with others. A positive classroom setting has been linked to student's school satisfaction as early as third grade (Baker, 1999). Baker found that teachers who engaged in small group instruction and cooperative learning had African American who showed an overall improvement in academic performance and school satisfaction. The Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education (1992) defined cooperative learning as a successful teaching strategy that team in small groups with different levels of ability, using a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. The overall intend of this instructional strategy is to teach responsibility for learning and to help others learn. The findings from numerous research on cooperative learning found improvements in (a) academic achievement, (b) behavior and attendance, (c) self-confidence and motivation, and (d) school and classmates satisfaction (Hudley, 1997; Quinn, 2002). The overall concept of cooperative learning is the positive interrelation that occurs when group members are connected together for the success of the entire group. The group builds a community of support and encouragement in carrying out assigned tasks and each member is held accountable for achieving the goals. Research found that a learning environment that offered encouragement and an opportunity for accomplishment was essential to the academic achievement of African American males (Edwards & McMillion 2000). A sense of accomplishment built the self-esteem and self-concept of African American males and gave them a willingness to continue at being academically successful (Justice, 1999). …
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Paleomagnetism of the 765 Ma Luakela Volcanics in NW Zambia and Implications for Neoproterozoic Positions of the Congo Craton - Wingate, Michael T.D.; Pisarevsky, S.; Waele, Bert De (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004)
openalex: W2991620945 mag: 2991620945
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Teachers' beliefs, knowledge and practice of learner-centered approach in schools of Ethiopia - Yalew, E (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 2004)
The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs teachers hold and the knowledge they have about learner-centered approach as well as the degree to which they practice it in classroom settings. It also aimed at investigating the effects of beliefs, knowledge, empowerment, class size, teaching load, and year of service on teachers’ practice of learner-centered approach. The data were collected from 635 in-service teacher training program participants at Bahir Dar University, Education Faculty, who were teaching different subjects at middle and high schools in almost all parts of the country. The results revealed that the teachers tend to employ mostly the traditional teacher-centered approach of teaching. Regression analysis indicated that the three most prominent factors that contributed significantly to the variance in practice were learner-centered belief about learning, learner and teaching (Factor 1), knowledge, and instructional empowerment. In other words, teachers who had knowledge of this teaching approach, those who were empowered to have the freedom to choose their own instructional approaches, and those who had learner-centered beliefs tended to apply student-centered approach in their classrooms. This may have implication to teacher education institutes in that there is a need to incorporate learner-centered approach in their programs in the training of would-be-teachers.
openalex: W2263271669 mag: 2263271669
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[Intestinal helminthiasis among school children: preliminary results of a prospective study in Agboville in Southern Côte d'Ivoire]. - Agbaya, Stephane Serge Oga; Yavo, William; Menan, Ebi Ignace Hervé; Attey, M’boya Armelle; Kouadio, Luc; Koné, Malik (PubMed, 2004)
Intestinal helminthiasis affects the health and academic performance of children in developing countries. To highlight a few socio-economic factors that impact the presence and upholding of intestinal helminthiasis, a cohort study was performed from February to June 2001. This study took place in Agboville in Southern Côte d'Ivoire on 363 children, under the age of 15, regularly enrolled in school and selected by two-step clustered sampling. After the survey was completed, their stools were examined using 3 methods: direct exam, Kato's technique, and Graham's anal scotch-test. Infected students received an appropriate anti-helminthic treatment. After performing a test two weeks later, a new sample of 348 parasite-free children was made up and re-examined after three months, through the aforementioned techniques. In this sample, we assumed that students who were infested in the initial exam were "exposed", while those who were not infested in the first place were deemed to be "not exposed". The results showed that 135 students out of the 360 admitted for the first exam were infested; or a 37.5% of intestinal helminthiasis prevalence (IC95%=30.5-45). The prevalent parasite species were Necator americanus (15%), Trichuris trichiura (13.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (10%). Twenty-eight per cent of 135 infested students were infected by more than one parasite. After three months, the incidence rate of intestinal helminthiasis calculated out of the remaining 336 students was 7.7% (IC95%=4.4-13.1). The likelihood of re-infestation amounted to 3.4 (IC95%=1.5-7.3). The pattern of re-infestation rates according to socio-economic factors differed from that of infested prevalence. The prevalent parasites in re-infested patients were Trichuris trichiura (16.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (12.5%). All intestinal nematodes and Schistosoma mansoni were observed. The most frequent parasites species where those transmitted cutaneously. The high re-infestation rate suggests that intestinal helminthiasis in this region affects roughly the same children. These results show the necessity to continue our investigations in order to highlight essential hygienic factors in our long-term fight against intestinal helminthiasis.
openalex: W2258465010 mag: 2258465010
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Endodontic flare-ups: comparison of incidence between single and multiple visit procedures in patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital - Oginni, Adeleke Oke; Udoye, Christopher I. (BMC Oral Health, 2004)
BACKGROUND: Until recently the most accepted technique of doing root canal treatment stresses multiple visit procedure. Most schools also concentrated upon teaching the multi-visit concept. However, it has now been reported that the procedure of single visit treatment is advocated by at least 70% of schools in all geographical areas. It was therefore the aims of the present study to find the incidence of post-obturation flare-ups following single and multiple visit endodontic treatment procedures, and to establish the relationship between pre-operative and post-obturation pain in patients referred for endodontic therapy in a Nigerian teaching Hospital. METHODS: Data collected included pulp vitality status, the presence or absence of pre-operative, inter-appointment and post-obturation pain. Pain was recorded as none, slight, or moderate/severe. Flare-ups were defined as either patient's report of pain not controlled with over the counter medication or as increasing swelling. The patients were recalled at three specific post-obturation periods, 1st, 7th and 30th day. The presence or absence of pain, or the appropriate degree of pain was recorded for each recall visits and the interval between visits. The compiled data were analysed using chi-square where applicable. P level </= 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: Ten endodontic flare-ups (8.1%) were recorded in the multiple visit group compared to 19 (18.3%) flare-ups for the single visit group, P = 0.02. For both single and multiple visit procedures, there were statistically significant correlations between pre-operative and post-obturation pain (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0004 respectively). Teeth with vital pulps reported the lowest frequency of post-obturation pain (48.8%), while those with nonvital pulps were found to have the highest frequency of post-obturation pain (50.3%), P = 0.9. CONCLUSION: The present study reported higher incidences of post-obturation pain and flare-ups following the single visit procedures. However, single visit endodontic therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to multiple visit treatment, especially in communities where patients default after the first appointment at which pain is relieved.
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Racial Identity Attitudes, Race-related Stress, Coping Strategies and Gender Among African American Students Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUS) - Newsome, Gwendolyn Keith (2004)
openalex: W2526342536 mag: 2526342536
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Contraceptive choice at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria - Onah, HE (Global Journal of Medical Sciences, 2004)
A retrospective study of the contraceptive choices amongst 787 consecutive clients seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria between 1st January 1998 and 31st December 1999 showed that the two most popular contraceptive methods amongst the clients were intrauterine contraceptive device and injectables. Eleven (1.4%) of them were aged 20 years and below. Although the mean number of living children the clients had was 5.4 and 46.6% of them had completed their families, only 17 (2.2%) of the clients chose surgical contraception. There was no correlation between the clients' educational levels and the contraceptive choices. The findings have implications for resource planning and research in Nigerian family planning clinics. (Global Journal of Medical Science, 2004, 3 (1&2): 29-31)
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Knowledge of reproductive health issues among secondary school adolescents in Calabar, Nigeria - Oyo‐Ita, Angela; Kalu, Queeneth; Mkpanam, Nkese; Ikpeme, B; Etuk, Saturday (Global Journal of Medical Sciences, 2004)
The knowledge of reproductive health issues amongst secondary school adolescents in Calabar was studied. The aim was to assess and improve the knowledge content of these adolescents about reproductive health issues. Ten secondary schools in Calabar were selected by simple random sampling. One hundred and eight students from the selected schools had a two-day workshop on reproductive health matters. Before the training more than 90% of the 108 participants were knowledgeable about when boys and girls reach puberty. Similarly 99 (91.7%) knew that a girl could become pregnant once she starts menstruating. However, knowledge on contraceptive methods was low (41.7%). There were also misconceptions on the frequency of coitus that could result in pregnancy and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Following the two-day workshop, the number of participants knowledgeable about contraceptive methods increased to 100 (92.6%), and those who knew that one coital exposure could result in pregnancy increased from 34(32.4%) to 56 (51.9%). Overall mean knowledge score also increased from 54.4% to 74.0% and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Continuous health education is indispensable if the knowledge of adolescents on reproductive health matters is to improve. (Global Journal of Medical Science, 2004, 3 (1&2): 5-8)
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Sexually transmitted infections in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria: A decade of clinic experience - Oyelese, A O; Onipede, Anthony; Aboderin, AO; Adedosu, AN; Onayemi, O. (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2004)
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain cosmopolitan in all societies of the world and in some cases assume epidemic proportions. These infections are common infectious diseases nowadays, with an annual incidence of more than 200 million cases a year. Venereal pathogens continue to increase in number and the spectrum of pathogens has limitless elasticity. While genital discharge and ulceration are common presenting symptoms, unusual findings on examination and investigation are not uncommon. We assessed our clinic experiences during the first ten years in an STI clinic. Salient findings are that 85% of all patients seen have an STI. The breakdown of infections revealed that Candida albicans was the most common venereal pathogen accounting for 24% while Neisseria gonorrhoeae accounted for about 18.0%. Sarcoptes scabiei and Phthirus pubis causing scabies and pediculosis accounted for 1.8% and 0.3% respectively. As commonly established, the age bracket 19 to 39 years was clearly the age group in which sexually transmitted infections were mostly diagnosed. In a control programme, this age group should be targeted, while there is the need to continue to stimulate awareness of both the general public and health workers at all levels on the problems of sexually transmitted infections, the scourge of all ages. Key Words: Sexually transmitted infections, venereal pathogens, clinic experience, control awareness Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. Vol.6(1) 2005: 64-68
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Assessment of learning components of management training course for senior managers at the Agricultural Research Institutes of Nigeria - Oloruntoba, A; Akinsorotan, A. O. (Moor Journal of Agricultural Research, 2004)
Assessment of learning components of any training course provides a benchmark through which training institutions or organizers could assess the effectiveness of the training. The study assessed learning components of agricultural research management training course organized for senior research managers in Nigeria. Data were collected from sample of trainees that were drawn proportionately from the research institutes. The findings show that the training was successful since learning components provided were adjudged to be generally satisfactory. The paper concludes that learning is more effective when trainees are actively involved in learning experiences rather than being passive listeners to facts being demonstrated. Key Words: Learning; assessment; evaluation; training; research management; Nigeria Moor J. Agric. Res. Vol.4(1) 2003: 140-148
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Differing Standards of Education and Their Impact on International Exchanges: A Comparison of the United States and South Africa - Bangura, Abdul Karim (2004)
With the rise of globalization, education has become increasingly important throughout the world. It is through education that most children develop vital social and mental skills that help them later in life to become successful in the working world. The way a country runs its affairs and how it relates to other countries are based largely on how its youth are educated. Most people realize the need for education; but as long as they see a school building with teachers, they think something productive is happening behind the building walls. This is not always the case. Education varies throughout the world, and the differences in educational standards do more to explain cultural differences than anything else. Thus, the differing standards of education in the United States and South Africa call for a need to standardize the education curricula internationally. This paper shows, through qualitative analysis, what specific differences in standards of education cause people in various countries to act as they do in functioning in the global system. Through archival research of data sources on the educational systems in South Africa and the United States, and examining how these countries act toward others, a relationship between education standards and intercultural communication is shown. This helps to explain how the different standards of education affect international communication.
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Perceived stress factors among resident doctors in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Ndom, R. J. E.; Makanjuola, A B (West African journal of medicine, 2004)
The study was aimed at identifying psychological factors that are perceived stressful by resident doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital.A self-administered questionnaire was given to 84 eligible residents. Only 57(67.9%) properly completed and returned the questionnaire. The questionnaire sought information on sociodemographic variables, factors perceived as stressful and the degree of perception.High patient load, poor work environment, distant accommodation and lack of recreational facilities within the hospital premises were identified as stressors. Age, gender and number of dependants had no correlation with perception of stress.It was concluded that stakeholders in postgraduate medical education should, in keeping with their resources and level of development, employ more residents, improve work environment and provide accommodation and recreational facilities. These will go a long way in improving the quality of residents trained and the services rendered.
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Teaching HIV/AIDS in South Africa - Kent, Athol; Myer, Landon (The Clinical Teacher, 2004)
The Clinical TeacherVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 94-96 Teaching HIV/AIDS in South Africa Athol Kent, Athol Kent University of Cape TownSearch for more papers by this authorLandon Myer, Landon Myer University of Cape TownSearch for more papers by this author Athol Kent, Athol Kent University of Cape TownSearch for more papers by this authorLandon Myer, Landon Myer University of Cape TownSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 November 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-498X.2004.00029.xCitations: 1 Faculties of Health Sciences have an ethical obligation to teach about HIV Many first year students say they “know it all” Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue2December 2004Pages 94-96 RelatedInformation
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Femoral hernias in children at the Olabisi Onabanjo University teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria - Shonubi, A.M.O.; Musa, A.A.; Salami, B A; Sotimehin, Sikirat A.; Sule, GA (East African Medical Journal, 2004)
Objective: To ascertain the diagnostic accuracy and outcome of surgical treatment in Nigerian children referred for paediatric surgical opinion at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, South-west Nigeria. Design: A retrospective review of our practice experience over a 15-year period; between January, 1989 and December, 2003. Setting: The Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), serves as a referral centre for other government and private hospitals in and around the Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. The OOUTH, though a tertiary medical centre also receives patients who present directly at the General Out-Patient Clinics and the Emergency Units of the hospital. The catchment population is estimated at 7.5 million. Subjects: The medical records of all patients under 14 years of age with a final diagnosis of femoral hernia who presented between January, 1989 and December, 2003 were reviewed. Methods: The age, sex, mode of presentation, findings at surgery, procedure performed, immediate post-operative and 12 months follow-up details were recorded. Results: Seven of 1,213 (0.58%) patients with groin hernias within the study period had femoral hernias; four (57%) were girls and three (43%) were boys. Age range was 3 to 9 years. The mode of presentation in all the children was recurrent lump in the groin. Five patients (71%) had right sided lump while the lump was on the left side in two of the patients. The duration of symptoms ranged from two years to eight years. The provisional diagnosis by the referring general practitioners and paediatricians were incorrect in all seven patients. Five patients (71%) were correctly diagnosed preoperatively by the attending surgeon while two were thought to be inguinal hernias. Conclusion: The diagnosis of femoral hernia remains a challenging problem in childhood because of its rarity and similar clinical presentation as inguinal hernia. East African Medical Journal Vol.81(9) 2004: 447-449
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Index of potential contamination: Schistosoma haematobium infections in school children in the Ashanti region of Ghana - Tetteh, Kevin K. A.; Adjei, RO; Sasu, S; Appiah-Kwakye, L (East African Medical Journal, 2004)
Children are acknowledged as the most vulnerable group to urinary schistosomiasis.To determine the age group(s) of school children considered as the major contributor(s) to the spread of the disease.Observational/Prospective (concurrent) studies.Barekuma, Aninkroma and Hiawo Besease, riparian communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.Hundred children each were randomly selected from Barekuma and Hiawo Besease basic schools with population age profiles between 4 and 18 years. They were then categorised into 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years, respectively. However, at Aninkroma, the entire school population of 119 pupils, aged between 4 and 15 years were used. They were similarly grouped into 4-6, 7-9, 10-12 and 13-15 years, respectively. Urine filtration method was used for isolation and enumeration of S. haematobium eggs from the subjects. The subjects were monitored through repetition of the experiment at fortnightly intervals over four weeks.Corrected relative Index of Potential Contamination (IPC) expressed as percentage after calculating the crude IPC.The age groups with the highest relative IPCs at Barekuma, Aninkroma and Hiawo Besease were 7-9, 10-12 and 13-15 years, registering 35.6%, 53.9% and 57.7%, respectively. The age group 4-6 years consistently had the lowest IPC in all the communities.The age groups 7-9,10-12 and 13-15 years were considered to be the major transmitters of the disease in the communities.
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Voices of four African American and European American female principals and their leadership styles in a recognized urban school district - Turner, Clara Thompson (2004)
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Improving the reproductive health of the student community - the case of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi , Ghana - Enuameh, Yeetey (2004)
A thesis submitted to the Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science, 2004
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Correlates of Strength Training in Older Rural African American and Caucasian Women - Bopp, Melissa; Wilcox, Sara; Oberrecht, Larissa; Kammermann, Sandra K.; McElmurray, Charles T. (Women & Health, 2004)
ABSTRACT This study examined factors influencing strength training (ST) in two convenience samples of older rural women. Focus group (FG) participants were 23 Caucasian and 16 African American women aged 67.5 ± 9.2 years. Survey participants were 60 Caucasian and 42 African American women, aged 70.59 ± 9.21 years. FG participants answered questions about the risks, benefits, and barriers to ST. Survey participants completed measures of demographics, physical activity (including ST), depression and stress, decisional balance for exercise (DBE), barriers to PA, and social support (SS). Regression modeling examined correlates of ST. FG participants identified physical health gains and improved appearance as ST benefits. African American women also included mental health benefits and “feeling good.” Both Caucasian and African American groups named physical health problems as risks of ST. Caucasian women identified time constraints, lack of ST knowledge, physical health problems, lack of exercise facilities, and the cost of ST as barriers. African American women cited being “too tired,” physical health problems, lack of support, and other family and work responsibilities. The linear regression model explained 23.2% of the variance in hours per week of ST; DBE and family SS were independent positive correlates. This study identified correlates to participation in ST in older rural women and provides a basis for developing ST interventions in this population.
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Correlates of Strength Training in Older Rural African American and Caucasian Women - Bopp, Melissa; Wilcox, Sara; Oberrecht, Larissa; Kammermann, Sandra K.; McElmurray, Charles T. (Women & Health, 2004)
ABSTRACT This study examined factors influencing strength training (ST) in two convenience samples of older rural women. Focus group (FG) participants were 23 Caucasian and 16 African American women aged 67.5 ± 9.2 years. Survey participants were 60 Caucasian and 42 African American women, aged 70.59 ± 9.21 years. FG participants answered questions about the risks, benefits, and barriers to ST. Survey participants completed measures of demographics, physical activity (including ST), depression and stress, decisional balance for exercise (DBE), barriers to PA, and social support (SS). Regression modeling examined correlates of ST. FG participants identified physical health gains and improved appearance as ST benefits. African American women also included mental health benefits and “feeling good.” Both Caucasian and African American groups named physical health problems as risks of ST. Caucasian women identified time constraints, lack of ST knowledge, physical health problems, lack of exercise facilities, and the cost of ST as barriers. African American women cited being “too tired,” physical health problems, lack of support, and other family and work responsibilities. The linear regression model explained 23.2% of the variance in hours per week of ST; DBE and family SS were independent positive correlates. This study identified correlates to participation in ST in older rural women and provides a basis for developing ST interventions in this population.
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Wadi Bakht revisited: Holocene climate change and prehistoric occupation in the Gilf Kebir region of the Eastern Sahara, SW Egypt - Linstädter, Jörg; Kröpelin, Stefan (Geoarchaeology-An International Journal, 2004)
Abstract Geoarchaeological and chronological evidence from the remote Gilf Kebir Plateau in southwest Egypt suggests a new model for the influence of early and mid‐Holocene precipitation regimes on land‐use strategies of prehistoric settlers in what is now the center of the largest hyperarid area on earth. We hypothesize that the quantitatively higher, daytime, monsoon summer rainfall characteristic of the early Holocene (9300–5400 14 C yr B.P./8400–4300 yr B.C.) resulted in less grass growth on the plateau compared to the winter rains that presumably fell in the cool nights during the terminal phase of the Holocene pluvial (5400–4500 yr B.P./4300–3300 yr B.C.). The unparalleled climatic transition at 5400 yr B.P. (4300 yr B.C.) caused a fundamental environmental change that resulted in different patterns of human behavior, economy, and land use in the canyon‐like valleys and on the plains surrounding the plateau. The model emphasizes the crucial impact of seasonal rainfall distribution on cultural landscapes in arid regions and the lower significance of annual precipitation rates, with implications for future numeric climate models. It also serves as an example of how past climate changes have affected human societies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Learning from failed health reform in Uganda - Okuonzi, Sam Agatre (The BMJ, 2004)
Evaluation of health care in developing countries from a Western perspective is masking the failures of market based reforms
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The Place of School Libraries in the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme in Nigeria - Bello, Nassir (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2004)
This paper investigated the position of school libraries in the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria. Relevant studies were reviewed and school library standards discussed. The review shows that school library system in Nigeria was abysmally poor. The paper recommends that the Nigerian Library Association and the Nigerian School Library Association should put pressure on the Government to speed up the passage into law the two per cent from the consolidated account for funding UBE programme annually as stated in the policy. It also recommends that twenty per cent of the funds allocated to UBE should be devoted to school libraries. Suggestions are made toward improving school library services. Afr. J. Lib. Arch. & Inf. Sc. Vol.14(2) 2004: 139-150
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Parental survival, living arrangements and school enrolment of children in Malawi in the era of HIV/AIDS - Doctor, Henry V. (Journal of Social Development in Africa, 2004)
Using the 1998 Malawi census data, this paper examined the level of orphanhood, the pattern of living arrangements and the effect of poverty on the school enrolment of children in Malawi during a period when adult HIV/AIDS prevalence had reached epidemic proportions. Results show that the proportion of orphans increases with age. By the age of 14, more than two per cent of children have lost both parents, about 11 per cent have lost a father and about 6.5 per cent have lost a mother. The rural areas are home to the majority of the orphans and the southern region has a higher proportion of orphans than the northern and central regions. Girls and boys seem to be faced by the same constraints in household circumstances and educational opportunities, suggesting that there is no gender bias in allocating household resources or providing educational opportunities in Malawi. The differences in enrolment rates between orphans and non-orphans are insignificant. These findings are consistent with results from other countries that are hit hard by the AIDS epidemic and point to the critical role of the extended family system in taking care of the disadvantaged and vulnerable children. Key Words: HIV/AIDS, orphans, Malawi, school enrolment, sub Saharan Africa Jnl of Social Development in Africa Vol.19(1) 2004: 31-56
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Management of droughts and famines in Ethiopia - Kassa, Belay (Journal of Social Development in Africa, 2004)
Different drought/famine management strategies at household and macro-levels were studied. The results show that there is no single correct way ahead and there is no ready-made strategy to cope with recurrent droughts and famines. A critical analysis of the household coping strategies reveals that not all rural households are equally vulnerable to droughts and famines. The study indicates also that in response to the degrading production environment, farmers become more provident and employ a variety of techniques to cushion themselves against contingencies. With regard to the macro-level coping strategies, the findings reveal that efforts which have been made so far were inadequate and in most cases not directed towards the real problems. Moreover, the results of the study show that the macro-level preventive measures have been top-down exercises in futility because they have not paid due attention to the very people who are the causes and victims of environmental degradation. Key Words: coping strategies, degradation, drought, famine, food aid, resettlement, resources Jnl of Social Development in Africa Vol.19(1) 2004: 93-127
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Library use in distance learning: a survey of undergraduates in three Nigerian universities - Mabawonku, Iyabo (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2004)
The library is an important tool for individuals' intellectual development. In particular, academic libraries often contain the core resources for research, teaching and learning. This study focused on the use of library and information resources by distant learning (part-time) students of three Nigerian universities. The randomly selected students were in 300-500 levels in the faculties running the programmes. The questionnaire and observation methods were used for data collection. The findings revealed that the arrangements for students to use libraries need to be improved upon. Less than half of the respondents used their main university libraries regularly. Some respondents indicated that they used the departmental libraries and other libraries outside the campus mainly for reading their personal books. The students hardly used reference and electronic resources. Also, majority of the students received no library use instructions. Thus, a student could graduate without having used libraries. The study recommends that universities need to make provision for students to access library and information resources and provide necessary training on information sourcing to the part-time, distance- learning students. Afr. J. Lib. Arch. & Inf. Sc. Vol.14(2) 2004: 151-165
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Provision of equal education for students with disabilities at tertiary institutions in Zimbabwe: prospects and barriers - Runhare, Tawanda (Journal of Social Development in Africa, 2004)
The study investigated the extent to which students with disabilities were coping with the inclusive educational setting at one university in Zimbabwe. In particular, it aimed at tracing these students' perceptions towards their mainstream peers and lecturers, as well as determining the extent to which the university accommodated them into its various degree programmes. Data were gathered through a study of the institution's student admissions records over a period of eight years (1995–2002) and from 50 students with various forms of disabilities, using a focused questionnaire. The findings revealed that students with disabilities comprised less than 1 per cent of the total university student enrolment; and that most of them were marginalized into undergraduate degree programmes, mainly in the Faculties of Arts, Education and Social Studies. They were generally positive towards their mainstream peers and the inclusive education system practised at the university but were dissatisfied with the quality of services provided to them by lecturers. In view of these findings, recommendations on improving sensitivity towards issues of disability within the university's various organs and personnel have been made. Key Words: disability, impairment, inclusion, integration/mainstreaming, special needs education Jnl of Social Development in Africa Vol.19(1) 2004: 151-167
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Education, wage work, and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women - Amin, Sajeda; Al-Bassusi, Nagah H. (Journal of Marriage and Family, 2004)
We explore young working women's perceptions of marriage and work in contemporary Egypt, when an increase in age at marriage was evident from national survey data. Both working conditions and employment opportunities declined significantly for young women even as their educational attainment increased and marriage was delayed. In‐depth interviews were conducted over a 2‐year period between 1998 and 2000 with 27 young women between the ages of 15 and 29 who were from relatively poor families and working in a range of salaried jobs in three locations. The qualitative data indicate that young women have high expectations in terms of marital living standards. They seek to achieve this in part by saving intensively before marriage when they work, and otherwise by ensuring substantial monetary support from their families. We conclude that rising material aspirations and family nucleation rather than change in female labor force participation drive marriage change in contemporary Egypt. The driving force behind this conclusion is that there is a reinforcement of the traditional values associated with the institution of marriage rather than its erosion.
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An international physician education program to support the recent introduction of family medicine in Egypt. - Lie, Désirée; Boker, John R.; Lenahan, Patricia; Dow, Emily; Scherger, Joseph E. (PubMed, 2004)
There are few reports of systematic international physician development programs to create family medicine as a new specialty in a developing nation. This paper describes the process and outcomes of a large-scale effort to initiate new family medicine training through the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) using a 12-week US-based program at the University of California, Irvine (UCI).Generalist physicians (n=134) with 1 year of internship training, currently working under the MOHP in Egypt, were competitively selected to participate in a training program at UCI between 1998 and 2002. Participants were assessed before, during, and after the program using multiple measures of competencies in family medicine topics, practice, and teaching. Aggregate participant data, post-program quality surveys, and follow-up surveys of the program's influence on practice behaviors comprised the main measures used for program evaluation.Participants showed improvement in knowledge and skills for family medicine practice and teaching for topics covered in the program. After returning to Egypt, 98% reported continued use of their newly acquired skills and knowledge. Participants reported that the program advanced their careers, they taught family medicine to other physicians, and they were likely to pursue certification under a newly established Family Medicine Board of Egypt. Self-reported practice in family medicine increased to 69% after the program versus 16% before.Overseas training programs are a viable method of introducing family medicine as a new clinical specialty. Ingredients for successful implementation and barriers are discussed.
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The development in the understanding of the concept of death among black South African learners from the Eastern Cape, South Africa - Mdleleni-Bookholane, Tembeka Norah; Schoeman, Willie J; Merwe, Ilze van der (Health Sa Gesondheid, 2004)
Thirty-one learners aged 6–16 were selected using purposive sampling, with the aim of investigating their understanding of death.

Opsomming
Een-en-dertig leerders tussen 6 en 16 jaar is geselekteer met die doel om hulle begrip van dood te ondersoek.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
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Chiefs from the Yao and Angoni Tribes at Jeanes Training Centre, Domesi, near Zomba, Nyasaland [i.e. Malawi]. 23 June - Bathurst, Charles (2004)
The photograph is published in: Rhodesia-Nyasaland Royal Commission Report. Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty, March, 1939. London: H.M.S.O., 1939. The Rhodesia-Nyasaland Royal Commission arrived at Bulawayo on 16 May 1938, moved to Nyasaland (now called Malawi), reaching Zomba on 17 June, thence to Northern Rhodesia (now called Zambia) on 8 July, returning to Salisbury on 14 August and leaving Rhodesia on 20th. Crown Copyright Photograph.
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Sewing Class at Jeanes Training Centre, Hope Fountain, S.R. [? Southern Rhodesia (i.e. Zimbabwe)] - Bathurst, Charles (2004)
The photograph is published in: Rhodesia-Nyasaland Royal Commission Report. Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty, March, 1939. London: H.M.S.O., 1939. The Rhodesia-Nyasaland Royal Commission arrived at Bulawayo on 16 May 1938, moved to Nyasaland (now called Malawi), reaching Zomba on 17 June, thence to Northern Rhodesia (now called Zambia) on 8 July, returning to Salisbury on 14 August and leaving Rhodesia on 20th. Crown Copyright Photograph.
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Problems of postgraduate medical training in Nigeria. - Ike, SO (PubMed, 2004)
Postgraduate medical training in Nigeria has been in dire straits for about two decades now. That it has continued to survive, is a tribute to the average resident doctor who has become immunized, and who has grown a thick skin of armour, as well the spirit of altruism of the medical teachers–consultants (young and old), who despite odds, have kept their focus clear, above the murky waters of national distraction and daunting socio economic challenges.A review of relevant literature on medical education in Nigeria was undertaken by manual library search.This paper x-rays the strong points that have still prevailed to hold the rudiments and ideals of postgraduate medical training in a viable position up to date. It discusses the weaknesses and threats–potential and real–to the training programme.This paper attempts to search, and actually hopes, for silver lining in the Nigerian sky as possible solution lifelines that may yet re-engineer the programme.
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Late Neoproterozoic volcanism in the southern Eastern Desert, Egypt: petrological, structural and geochemical constraints on the tectonic-magmatic evolution of the Allaqi Dokhan volcanic suite - El-Sayed, Mohamed M.; Obeid, Mohamed A.; Furnes, Harald; Moghazi, A.M. (Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie-abhandlungen, 2004)
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Socio-economic factors predisposing under five-year-old children to Severe protein energy malnutrition at the Moi teaching and referral hospital, Eldoret, Kenya - Ayaya, SO; Esamai, Fabian; Rotich, Joseph K.; Olwambula, AR (East African Medical Journal, 2004)
Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged five years and below. Risk factors for severe protein energy malnutrition (PEM) have been identified as ignorance, family size, mothers and fathers education, poverty, residence, chronic infections, and congenital defects or malformations. The role of such social factors as the caretaker, extended family, homestead surroundings, and family cohesiveness have not been studied in Kenya.To determine the social and economic factors that predispose children to severe PEM as seen at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret.Prospective and case control study.The MTRH, Eldoret, Paediatric wards, outpatient and MCH clinics over a 12 month period (June 2001 to June 2002).Sixty six children aged 3 to 36 months with severe PEM attending the MTRH outpatient clinics and those admitted in the Paediatric wards were age-matched with 66 controls.A standard pretested questionnaire was used to interview caretakers with severely malnourished children and age-matched controls. The children were weighed after interviewing the caretakers. The data was entered on a computer and analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) programme.The social risk factors for PEM were single mothers (Odds Ratio) OR 14.93, p= 0.00001), young mothers aged 15-25 years (OR 3.95, p= 0.00020), the child's living conditions such as living in a temporary house (OR 3.627 p= 0.00257), caretaker who was not married to the child's parent (OR 0.10, p= 0.00005) and not staying with both parents in the past six months (OR 0.28606, p=0.00101). The economic risk factors were father's lack of ownership of land (OR 0.401, p= 0.01732), cattle (OR 0.24, p=0.00022), not growing maize (OR 0.15, p=0.00013), not growing beans (OR 0.36, p=0.00484) and ownership of small piece of land by grandfather (OR 6.00, p= 0.02274). Other risk factors were incomplete immunization (OR 3.87, p= 0.00151) and female sex (p=0.03721).Poverty, social conditions under which the child was living, sex of the child and incomplete immunizations were risk factors for the severe protein energy malnutrition.
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Potential pathogens in the lower genital tract at manual vacuum aspiration for incomplete abortion in Korle Bu teaching hospital, Ghana - Lassey, A.T.; Adanu, Richard; Newman, Mercy J.; Opintah, J.A. (East African Medical Journal, 2004)
To determine the carriage rates of potential pathogens in the lower genital tract and factors associated with colonization among women with incomplete abortion.A cross-sectional study.The Manual Vacuum Aspiration room of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.Two hundred women undergoing Manual Vacuum Aspiration at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.Eligible patients were screened for the presence of organisms in the lower genital tract by microscopy and culture of high vaginal and endocervical swabs.Nearly two-thirds of the patients (64.2%) had potential pathogens in the lower genital tract. Bacterial vaginosis alone was present in 47% and a combination of bacterial vaginosis and Candida albicans was present in 17.2%. Residence in an urban slum showed a significant association with the presence of potential pathogens (Odds ratio 2.6; p-value 0.04).Organisms responsible for bacterial vaginosis were the most frequently isolated potential pathogens in the cervical canal of patients with incomplete abortion at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Management of these patients should therefore include antibiotic prophylaxis against bacterial vaginosis.
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Evaluation of an HIV-risk reduction programme for first-year university students in South Africa - Peltzer, Karl; Bopape, M. A. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2004)
The aim of this study was to evaluate an HIV-related risk reduction programme for heterosexual university students using a pre-post test intervention design. Participants included 814 university students, of which 351 (43.1 %) were males and 423 (52.0 %) were females with a mean age of 19.3 years (SD=2.6). Results indicated that HIV-related knowledge; condom knowledge and risk perception were enhanced by the HIV- related risk reduction programme. However, there is a need for improvement, especially with regard to attitudes towards condoms since some students still had negative attitudes even after the intervention programme. Key Words: Evaluation, HIV-risk reduction intervention, university students, South Africa. AJPHERD Vol.10(3) 2004: 180-192
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State of Transition: Post-Apartheid Educational Reform in South Africa, Teachers, Democratisation and Educational Reform in Russia and South Africa, Globalisation, Enterprise and Knowledge: Education, Training and Development in Africa (Australian Journal of Education, 2004)
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Attitudes of Students in Palestine Technical College-Khadori Towards Sports Activities - Abu-Tame’, Bahjat (An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 2004)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of khadori students, towards participation in physical activities. Furthermore, determine the differences in these attitudes according to gender, education program, specialization, academic level, and sport practices variables. A modified Kinon scale was used for collecting data. The sample of the study was consisted of (135) male and female students. The results revealed appositive attitudes, where the percentage of response for the total score was (76%), also, the results indicated that there are no significant differences in the students, attitudes due to gender, educational program, specialization, and academic level variables, while there were a significant different due to sport practices variable. Based on the study findings the researcher recommended to reinforce student's attitudes, and increase attention of female physical activities.
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Malaria and intestinal helminthiasis in school children of Kumba Urban Area, Cameroon. - Adio, M. B. L.; Ndamukong, K. J. N.; Kimbi, Helen Kuokuo; Mbuh, J.V. (PubMed, 2004)
Malaria and intestinal helminthiasis are parasitic diseases causing high morbidity and mortality in most tropical parts of the world, where climatic conditions and sanitation practices favour their prevalence. These infections do co-exist and have different effects on infected individuals.To assess the level of endemicity of malaria and helminth infections in school children of the Kumba Urban Area of Cameroon, and to determine how these infections relate to each other.Cross sectional study.Four primary schools in the Kumba urban area.Two hundred and forty three randomly selected pupils aged four and fifteen years of both sexes.All two hundred and forty three pupils had malaria parasites in their blood. The geometric mean parasite load was 1282 parasites per microl of blood. Only 17 pupils were anaemic (PCV<30%), The helminth infections showed a 38.3% prevalence, with a geometric mean parasite load of 687 eggs per gram of faeces. Co-infections were recorded in 38.3% of the pupils. There was no significant correlation between the helminth and malaria parasite densities (r=0.04, P=0.7337).Both malaria and helminth parasites do co-exist without clinical symptoms of infection in school children of the Kumbi Urban Area.
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Lifelong learning in South Africa: dreams and delusions - Aitchison, J. H. (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2004)
The new South Africa has formally embraced the concept of ‘lifelong learning’ in its education and training policies. But what is the concept of ‘lifelong learning’ that has informed these policies and what progress has there been in implementing them? Have these new policies brought significant changes to education and training for adults?
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Understanding South African youths’ approaches to learning - Akande, Adebowale (International Journal of Educational Development, 2004)
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Adjusting Household Structure: School Enrollment Impacts of Child Fostering in Burkina Faso - Akresh, Richard (Social Science Research Network, 2004)
Researchers claim that children growing up away from their biological parents may be at a disadvantage and have lower human capital investment. This paper measures the impact of child fostering on school enrollment and uses household and child fixed effects regressions to address the endogeneity of fostering. Data collection by the author involved tracking and interviewing the sending and receiving household participating in each fostering exchange, allowing a comparison of foster children with their non-fostered biological siblings. Foster children are equally likely as their host siblings to be enrolled after fostering and are 3.6 percent more likely to be enrolled than their biological siblings. Relative to children from non-fostering households, host siblings, biological siblings, and foster children all experience increased enrollment after the fostering exchange, indicating fostering may help insulate poor households from adverse shocks. This Pareto improvement in schooling translates into a long-run improvement in educational and occupational attainment.
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Adjusting Household Structure: School Enrollment Impacts of Child Fostering in Burkina Faso - Akresh, Richard (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2004)
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Perinatal mortality in the Special Care Nursery of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. - Ayaya, SO; Esamai, Fabian; Rotich, Joseph K.; Liechty, Edward A. (PubMed, 2004)
To determine the mortality rate and causes of death of all infants admitted to the Special Care Nursery (SCN) of a tertiary referral hospital in rural Kenya.Prospective and Cross-sectional studySpecial Care Nursery, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.All infants admitted to the Special Care Nursing (SCN).Survival status at seven postnatal days; major causes of mortality and morbidity.Three hundred and thirty five babies were studied between February and September 1999. Out of these 167 (49.9%) were male. There were 50 (15%) preterm and 124 (37.3%) low birth weight babies. There were 198 (76.2%) appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 46 (17.7%) small for gestational age and 16 (6.2%) large for gestational age babies. The seven day mortality rate of infants admitted to the Special Care Nursery was 66 (19.7%). Birth asphyxia and respiratory distress accounted for most deaths. Infants who were admitted primarily because the mother remained under general anesthesia generally did well. Logistic factors, including inadequate training for neonatal resuscitation in ward cadre of staff, unavailability of trained paediatricians and obstetricians, and inadequate operating theatre supplies were all found to delay treatment and likely to increase mortality.Morbidity and mortality of infants born at the MTRH remain high. The most common cause of mortality remains birth asphyxia. Some causative factors, such as lack of resources or personnel, are logistic and could be rectified. Antenatal care had a significant positive impact on both morbidity and mortality.
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From 'deep knowledge' to 'the light of reason': sources for philosophy of education in Ethiopia - Bridges, David; Asgedom, Amare; Kenaw, Setargew (Comparative Education, 2004)
This paper explores some of the indigenous sources available in Ethiopia as a resource for philosophy and philosophy of education. In the process it makes a small contribution to the ongoing debate among philosophers as to whether there is a distinctive African philosophy. The paper illustrates, first, what is sometimes referred to as the 'deep knowledge' underlying more day-to-day beliefs in Ethiopia (or more specifically in this case those of the Amhara-Tigre cultural complex) and their application in 'educational magic' and, secondly, the 17th century philosophical writing of Zara Ya'eqob and Walda Heywat, which is remarkable for its Enlightenment-style attachment to reason and argumentation. Two more directly educational indigenous sources are then explored: the educational thought and practice of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and non-formal education in villages. Finally, the paper considers the relevance of these sources to contemporary educational development and suggests that they merit continuing attention and reference both from the point of view of preserving cultural identity and continuity and also, more pragmatically, because there are ideas, values and practices in the tradition which have continuing relevance for Ethiopians grappling with educational development issues today.
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Giving something back: improving Ethiopian engineering education - Brockway, Paul E. (Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 2004)
This is a personal report of a volunteer engineer who worked as a civil engineering lecturer in Ethiopia for two years on a placement with Voluntary Service Overseas. In addition to his main teaching role, most of which was blackboard-based, he was able to make a major contribution to improving the way the technology faculty operated. He also became involved in road safety and HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns. In return he and his wife gained a significantly broader view of the world and its problems, confirming their belief that volunteering is a genuinely two-way process.
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Giving something back: improving Ethiopian engineering education - Brockway, Paul E. (Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 2004)
This is a personal report of a volunteer engineer who worked as a civil engineering lecturer in Ethiopia for two years on a placement with Voluntary Service Overseas. In addition to his main teaching role, most of which was blackboard-based, he was able to make a major contribution to improving the way the technology faculty operated. He also became involved in road safety and HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns. In return he and his wife gained a significantly broader view of the world and its problems, confirming their belief that volunteering is a genuinely two-way process.
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The Relationship Between a University and its Sponsoring Religious Community: The Vision of DWU as Challenged by the Reality of Higher Education in Papua New Guinea * - Czuba, Jan (2004)
Divine Word University’s (DWU) vision is challenged by the current reality of higher education in Papua New Guinea and the relationship between the university and its sponsoring religious community. The higher education environment is very diverse, unsustainable and subject to unpredictable decisions of the government. Government policy and legislation of higher education have grown without any proper strategic planning or coordination with the providers. Another challenge, common to the leadership of most Catholic colleges and universities around the world, is the relationship between the university and its sponsoring congregation. The key to strengthening the relationship between the sponsoring religious congregation and the university is the shared development and ownership of the university's vision and purpose in relation to the church, the mission of the congregation and the people of Papua New Guinea. The leadership of DWU and the leadership provided to DWU by its vision, are challenged in this environment to make a positive significant difference in the quality of higher education in Papua New Guinea.
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The roles played by relationships of Arab expatriate teachers in Libya : a case study - Elmajdob, Abdelgader Hussein (2004)
A high proportion (see tables in appendix A) of those teaching in Libyan Higher Education institutions are expatriates. The current study looks at the human environment surrounding Expatriate Teachers (ETs) in Higher Education Institutions in Libya and probes the extent to which relationships with people around them enable ETs to maximise their contribution to the education system in Libya. Various fields in the literature on socio-cultural context, help in social relationships and mentoring have been consulted to illuminate the types of help and relationships ETs should ideally obtain in a host context. This case study investigated six Arab ETs. Data collection methods included interviews, shadowing, and classroom observations. Data showed that ETs receive enabling social help through their relationships with others, who in these cases were found to act as contextual mentors to ETs, playing roles similar to those expected from mentors in the literature on mentoring. Other relationships, however, were found to constrain ETs' ability to contribute to the success of Libyan Higher education in terms of its ability to develop well-qualified, capable expert graduates who would help in Libyanisation and national development in Libya. It was found that factors specific to the Libyan context over the last century were found to affect ETs' relationships to make them rather constraining. The study therefore demonstrates/contributes to knowledge in the field in the following ways. It confirms the existence of a natural form of mentoring (contextual mentoring) that involves not only close relationships but other people around it. It also shows the importance of context in shaping human relationships, especially in mentoring. It also looks at an area of the literature on ETs' that had little attention: the human environment. Moreover, the study alerts those working in educational change to the fact that educational change is not only what is understood as innovation, but there are forms of contextual disruptive changes that affect relationships.
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Canubuntuprovide a model for citizenship education in African democracies? - Enslin, Penny; Horsthemke, Kai (Comparative Education, 2004)
Some proponents of Africanism argue that African traditional education and the principles of ubuntu should provide the framework for citizenship education. While conceding that understandable concerns lie behind defences of ubuntu as underpinning African democracy, we argue that the Africanist perspective faces various problems and makes substantial errors: political, moral, epistemic and educational. While democracy and democratic citizenship necessarily involve sensitivity to local context, their fundamental principles and tenets are universal. Failure to acknowledge this comes at a substantial price. Taking as its initial focus an analysis and critical evaluation of Malegapuru William Makgoba's critique of liberal democracy, the paper questions the purported uniqueness of ubuntu and its value and efficiency as a practical guide to action and policy, as well as its capacity to indicate how conflict between its associate principles and values might be resolved, insofar as these principles and values are indeed morally worthy.
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Examining the Effects of Student Involvement on African American College Student Development - Flowers, Lamont A. (Journal of College Student Development, 2004)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which student involvement experiences impacted educational outcomes for African Americans in college. Overall, the results of the study indicated that in-class and out-of-class experiences positively impacted student development for a nationally representative sample of African American students who completed the College Student Experiences Questionnaire. Implications for student affairs professionals were discussed.
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Training needs analysis for middle management : a South African public service experience - Fourie, D.J. (Journal of Public Administration, 2004)
T raining and development for public officials have been changed from being action-orientated to being results orientated. The focus of training and devel- opment has shifted from merely designing, developing and conducting train- ing programmes to a process where not only the needs of the organization is taken into account but also the needs and desires of the individual. It became necessary to introduce a process of needs analysis to enable organizations to identify specif- ic training opportunities. The results generated from this process will provide a clearer direction on the strategies to be followed in the development and training of public officials.
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A service-orientated model for the development of non-academic middle managers in South African higher education - Gensen, Van; Denise, Dawn Theresa (2004)
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Opening up the debate on medical education in South Africa - Gibbs, Trevor; Brigden, David; Hellenberg, Derek (South African Family Practice, 2004)
"Opening up the debate on medical education in South Africa." South African Family Practice, 46(10), p. 3
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Opening up the debate on medical education in South Africa : editorial - Gibbs, Trevor; Brigden, David; Hellenberg, Derek (South African Family Practice, 2004)
Extracted from text ... Editorial Gentlemen - it may not have escaped your professional observation that there are only two classes of mankind in the world - doctors and patients. Speaking as a patient I should say the average patient looks at the average doctor very much as a non- combatant (in war time) looks upon the troops fighting on his behalf. The more trained men there are between his body and the enemy the better. But what sort of education and training do these men and women need? Rudyard Kipling 1908 1 In 1993 the General Medical Council produced its seminal publication Tomorrow's ..
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Paleomagnetic and paleosecular variation study of the Mt. Cameroon volcanics (0.0–0.25 Ma), Cameroon, West Africa - Herrero‐Bervera, E.; Ubangoh, Richard U.; Aka, Festus Tongwa; Valet, Jean‐Pierre (Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2004)
Abstract Mt. Cameroon (4075 m) is a large volcanic horst and is presently the only active volcano on the Cameroon Volcanic Line (eight eruptions during the last century). This location belongs to the famous Bangui magnetic anomaly and is thus of particular interest for the investigation of the persistence and the evolution of the anomaly with time. We have conducted a paleomagnetic study of 94 samples drilled from 13 lavas flow on Mount Cameroon (0.0–0.25 Ma). Low-field susceptibility versus temperature (k–T) and SIRM experiments indicated that magnetite (575 °C) was the dominant magnetic carrier and that several sites were characterized by low-temperature mineral phases (e.g. 100–200 °C and 300–400 °C), reflecting the presence of titanomagnetite with low Titanium content. At least eight samples from each site were demagnetized using both thermal treatment and alternating fields (a.f.). One contemporaneous site provided inconsistent and scattered directions and was rejected. Successful mean paleomagnetic directions were obtained for 12 sites but two sites exhibited inclinations which were significantly away from the inclination of the geocentric axial dipole (GAD) and VGP latitudes lower than 60°. Their age indicates that they were likely recorded during a period of reduced dipole intensity and they were thus discarded. The time-averaged direction derived from this final selection has a mean declination of 354.2° and a mean inclination of 5.1°, which is 3° lower than the GAD inclination. The corresponding VGP position is slightly far sided but contains the north geographic pole. The angular standard deviation (13.7°) of the VGPs is also not significantly different from the predictions of model G at this latitude. Thus we found no evidence for a long-term anomaly in this area but additional sites are needed to provide more conclusive indications.
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It is not just the poor kids: the use of AAE forms by African-American school-aged children from middle SES communities - Horton-Ikard, RaMonda; Miller, Jon F. (Journal of Communication Disorders, 2004)
This study examined the production of African-American English (AAE) forms produced by 69 school-aged African-American children from middle socio-economic status (SES) communities to determine if age would influence: (a) the number of different types of AAE tokens and (b) the rate of dialect. Descriptive data revealed that there were more than 20 AAE morpho-syntactic forms collectively used by the children. The findings also indicated that factors of age, gender, and sampling context interacted in a variety of ways to influence these children’s production of the number of different types of AAE tokens, and the rate of dialect. Readers should have (1) an increased awareness about the use of AAE forms in school-age children from middle SES homes; (2) a greater understanding of how the production of AAE might be influenced by age, gender, and sampling context.
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The language policy / language economics interface and mother-tongue education in post-apartheid South Africa - Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M. (Language Problems and Language Planning, 2004)
Preview this article: The language policy / language economics interface and mother-tongue education in post-apartheid South Africa, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/lplp.28.2.03kam-1.gif
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Incorporating Environmental Awareness of Solid Waste Management Within the Education System: (A Case From Egypt) - Kandil, Sherif; Bakr, Hassan Abou; Mortensen, Lynn L. (Polymer-plastics Technology and Engineering, 2004)
Abstract This case study is a presentation of systematic development of an awareness and communication multimedia package in solid waste management that was produced for Egyptian technical secondary schools. Representative teachers were very much involved in the design and pretesting of the technical content of the package. They even suggested and influenced the format of the produced materials. The awareness and education materials, to be included in the package, were classified into four main sections: a. Environmental concepts: basic definitions, environmental spheres, identification of the environmental systems,b. Environmental issues: international, national, and local,c. Solid waste management: sources of waste, life cycle analysis, recycling, technological aspects, environmental auditing, legislation for solid waste management, andd. Case studies: including specific success stories on solid waste management in various parts of Egypt. The threading skeleton of this package was a set of 25 extra-curricula activities. These were specially designed to help clarify the environmental concepts, convey the messages for the environmental protection, and identify the required attitudes to help sustainable development. The multimedia package is composed of an activity book equipped by concept papers and fact sheets, a set of transparencies for overhead projector (or power point illustrations), a video film that stresses the economic and environmental benefits of recycling, and a compact disc that contains all the components of the package. It is interesting to note that while developing this package with the technical help of the Academy of Educational Development, the basic criteria for excellence in environmental education and communication were fully observed. The feedback from the pilot schools was collected to monitor the implementation and impact of this package. The package was adopted by the Ministry of Education and was distributed to technical secondary schools in Egypt.
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