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The main development goal in Kenya's Vision 2030 is to raise economic growth and reduce gender disparities.However, majority of the Kenyans still remain in poverty and gender inequality is widening.To achieve its vision 2030, the government need deliberate win-win policies that aim at dropping gender gaps and raising growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).To provide the relevant information necessary for designing these policies, this study sought to probe how gender disparities in...

This case study, conducted collaboratively between education scholars and education practitioners, describes and analyses the ways in which Syrian refugee teachers and an NGO are developing and implementing non-formal education (NFE) programming in three refugee settlements in Lebanon. Utilising the INEE Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies, we analyse teachers’ and programme administrators’ decision-making processes regarding curriculum, language of instruction, and pedagogy as...

Building on the theoretical proposition that congruence is as much a property to be measured in authoritarian regimes as it is in democratic regimes, the aim of this article is to understand the phenomenon of ideological and political congruence in Angola. To carry out this analysis, we rely on two original surveys, conducted in 2012 with members of parliament (MPs) and college students (voters), covering equivalent policy issues. The results, to some extent exploratory, suggest moderate...


 Background: Preeclampsia is one of the common conditions in the pregnant mothers in Zambia. This condition has been shown in some studies to be associated with increased oxidative stress. This study aimed at evaluating the association of zinc, an important cofactor in the antioxidant metalloproteins in the aetiology of preeclampsia
 Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was employed on conveniently sampled 41 preeclamptic and 57 non-preeclamptic pregnant women over...

Background: The spectrum of renal diseases in HIV infected adults undergoing biopsy is vast. Previous studies have indicated that HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the commonest diagnosis in HIV-infected patients presenting with renal insufficiency. More than 90% of patients with HIVAN are black. The natural history of the renal diseases associated with HIV infection has been radically changed by antiretroviral therapy. There are other diseases, however, that account for a good...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, particularly in Egypt. Limited data are available concerning the national seroprevalence and the possible modes of transmission of HCV in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study was to obtain a better estimate of the national hepatitis C seroprevalence and the possible risky exposures among healthy school children in Alexandria; the second biggest city in Egypt. HCV knowledge and counseling...

Malaria is currently affecting more people in the world than any other disease. On average, two members of each household suffered from malaria fever monthly, with females and children being most vulnerable to malaria attacks. This chapter assessed communities' perception about malaria epidemic, weather variable and climate change in metropolitan Kano. Information was extracted related to communities' perception about malaria epidemic and climate change. Socio demographic characteristics of...

This thesis explored the impact of the teacher incentive policies which were designed and implemented in Rwanda between 2008 and 2013, with the aim to understand their impact on teacher motivation. Research evidence shows that, competence and commitment of teachers are among the main determinants of student learning outcomes (Bennell and Akyeampong, 2007). As such, governments have the responsibility to ensure that teachers are appropriately trained and motivated to teach. Yet,...


 Background: Sepsis due to respiratory disease is one of the main complications of HIV/AIDS. Audit data from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia indicate that pneumonia and tuberculosis in HIV represent two of the four leading causes of death. The mortality rate has remained high despite the advances made in antimicrobial spectrum. Limited ventilatory support options for patients with respiratory complications contribute to the high...

Life-Skills Education has been found to important for survival everywhere including schools.The study was guided by this objective: To establish contributions of high enrollment and its influence in the implementation of Life-Skill Education (LSE) in public Secondary Schools in Kuria East Sub-County, Kenya.Secondary schools in this sub-county have been experiencing life coping challenges among students as compared to other Sub-counties in the region.A descriptive crosssectional survey design...

The perplexing numbers of Somali children withdrawn from schools in Norway and sent to Somalia is the concern of this study. These students are often brought back and re-enroll later as adolescents with concomitant educational challenges. The findings are critically analyzed employing John Ogbu’s cultural ecology of minorities and a CHAT-based inquiry that approaches the Somali community and Norwegian schooling as interconnected activities that share commonalities and yet evince several...

The perplexing numbers of Somali children withdrawn from schools in Norway and sent to Somalia is the concern of this study. These students are often brought back and re-enroll later as adolescents with concomitant educational challenges. The findings are critically analyzed employing John Ogbu’s cultural ecology of minorities and a CHAT-based inquiry that approaches the Somali community and Norwegian schooling as interconnected activities that share commonalities and yet evince several...

The entrepreneurship education embedded in Consumer Studies can contribute positively to the lives of South African learners. However, this subject is only offered in the final phase of learners’ education in the South African school curriculum. From a constructivist viewpoint, this is undesirable since appropriate prior knowledge regarding entrepreneurship is required to serve as a scaffold for the construction of new, more complex entrepreneurship education that transpires in Consumer...

The Bordentown Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in New Jersey allows us to consider the history of black education from a new perspective: that of northern black educational activists in the first half of the twentieth century. While we know a great deal about how black southerners made school integration central to the civil rights movement in the decades following Brown, as well as later battles for school integration in northern cities like New York and Boston, we...

Science laboratory is a very important resource input for teaching science. Learning science is enhanced and the understanding level is improved when students are engaged in science laboratory for practical experiments. The current study aimed to assess the status of Biology laboratory and practical activities in some selected secondary and Preparatory schools of Borena Zone. A random sampling technique was employed to collect data from students, Biology teachers and technicians of the study...

A B S T R A C T Nile river is the main source of fresh water in Egypt. It extends from Aswan to its estuaries at Damietta and Rosetta cities on the Mediterranean coast. The present study aimed to assess some heavy metal pollutants in the hydrosoils of the two Nile river branches (Damietta and Rosetta). Twenty sites were chosen for each branch, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and Co were measured in the hydrosoil. Different heavy metals indices (Enrichment factor, contamination factor, degree of...