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This study aimed at assessing reading rates for learners in grade seven English second language (ESL) in Morogoro region, Tanzania. A total of 220 participants were randomly selected and assigned two grade appropriate English texts to read so as determine their reading rates. Fluency scale test was used to assess pupils’ reading fluency rates and the data was statistically analysed using SPSS software. It was necessary to asses pupils’ reading rates in the study context because there are no...

Modernisation may involve two distinct aims, not reciprocally dependent: one, to incorporate within the framework of Islamic education certain secular subjects, or contrariwise to add an Islamic framework to a full secular curriculum; the other, to teach the traditional Islamic subjects, and in particular Arabic, in a modern way. The imam of the Ahmadiyya community in Magburaka feared lest Arabic studies might die out, for it seemed to him that the old Koran schools round the bonfire were...

In 1965 a number of Muslim politicians and religious leaders formed the national association for the advancement of Muslims. The association aimed to unite all Muslims in Uganda as one people and to encourage them to play their full part as citizens of their country. Muslims in Uganda have the feeling, to a certain extent justified perhaps, that they are considered to be second-class citizens. The main cause of this depreciation has been their backwardness with regard to western-type...

Indigenous education in Sierra Leone has an inherent complexity which may not be shared by any other state in West Africa. It is best understood against the historical origins of Sierra Leonean society. With the differing historical origins, it is possible to distinguish between the kind of indigenous education which is typically ‘Creole’, from a somewhat different type which is essentially ‘tribal’ in nature. The cultural life of the Creoles has been described as a hybrid in which Western...

Climate change is expected to have serious economic and social impacts on Tunisian rural farmers. The extent of these impacts will largely depend on the level of political and structural adaptations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of increasing water shortages on agricultural income and employment. It also analyzes structural adaptation strategies implemented by farmers in response to this challenge. We have therefore developed a regionally disaggregated supply model to simulate...

Abstract The United Republic of Tanzania, also called Tanzania, is a country composed of Mainland Tanzania and the islands of Zanzibar. Tanzania's domestic laws promote sustainable development of the marine environment; however, since the beginning of the 21st century, the country has been importing large quantities of oil, resulting in an increased risk of vessel-source oil pollution damage. Through a comparative analysis, this article examines the laws addressing this issue in Mainland...

The purpose of this study was to find out the indigenous number and number sense of people in Kafa and to explore its level of integration to school curriculum. To this end, the study followed a qualitative research method which utilized ethnographic case study (embedded) design. Data were collected from 22 key participants through interview, observation, and focus group discussion. In addition, content analysis was used to investigate the level of integration of number and number sense to...

Abstract Background : Screening tools for mental health disorders improve detection at a primary health care (PHC) level. However, many people with mental health conditions do not seek care because of a lack of knowledge about mental health, stigma about mental illness and a lack of awareness of mental health services available at a PHC facility level. Interventions at a community level that raise awareness about mental health and improve detection of mental health conditions, are thus...

This chapter traces the development of the traditional education, essentially Islamic in the character, in the northern Sudan and the interaction of the traditional and Western education which in turn led to the emergence of a national system of the education. It concerns the main trends and changes in the educational system and not with a detailed examination of its content. The minor branches, traditional Islamic and Christian missionary education, though diametrically opposed in their...

Islamic education, like the literature upon which it rests, falls into several categories, by now well established. An Arabic word which means panegyric or eulogy, especially that addressed to the Prophet Muhammad. A number of poems that are certainly classics of Hausa literature deal with the sira. It would certainly find a place in an extended system of traditional Islamic education such as the Waziri envisages. The teaching of Arabic commences in the first year of the senior primary...

Between 1900 and 1940, British colonial officials in northern Nigeria were fascinated by the existence there of a formal system of Islamic education. According to the 1931 census, two-thirds of northern Nigeria’s 10 million inhabitants were Muslims. A more persistent and important motive for interest in Islamic education was, ironically, the expansion of the government schools. In 1910, after years of debate, the northern government began its own school system modelled roughly after British...

Mangroves are carbon-rich ecosystems found in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. However, they are threatened by a combination of natural and human-induced factors. When mangroves are lost or degraded, their co-benefits to human society are greatly diminished along with the ecosystem’s ability to sequester carbon. The current study assessed mangrove cover and cover change, as well as measuring carbon stocks and their emissions levels from the mangroves of Lamu County, Kenya. We...

This chapter indicates something of the texture of history that is being omitted in many recent accounts of the path towards conflict in the south, which is based on a small number of oral interviews and on a reading of the published sources. From the northern side in the years before independence a good deal of idealism was mixed with a more practical nationalism. The assistant minister for education in the south was Sir Al-Khatim, later to be prime minister and along with the other early...

Methylphenidate is mainly used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactive-disorder (ADHD). Its effect of increased attentiveness leads to the potential of off-label use by students for academic enhancement-previously demonstrated in undergraduate students. No publication exists on postgraduate student use of methylphenidate.To provide a summary of the self-reported prevalence and correlates of methylphenidate use in Masters of Medicine (MMed) students registered at the Faculty of...

The ever-present threat of crime in South Africa continues to drive the rise and demand for Private Security Industry (PSI) services amongst various governmental institutions, businesses and citizens to ensure their safety. This rise for the Private Security Services (PSS) persistently presents new challenges to the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSiRA) such as poor security training standards and deployment of untrained security officers attached to the Private Security...

Reading comprehension is one of the factors that determine success in examination among college of education students. Unfortunately, most students are challenged with reading comprehension. Research has shown that lecturers are among the factors that contribute to students’ reading comprehension dilemma in colleges of education.  Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of gender, teachers’ qualification and experience on techniques for teaching reading comprehension in colleges...

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the education sector globally. This has resulted in learning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education continues to gain prominence in both developed and developing countries. Most universities are exploring different ways of using information and communications technology (ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural...

The best schools in Uganda were religious schools. The missionaries were bringing into Uganda a religious feature of Western civilisation, the Christian values, in a form which many Westerners had already rejected in the course of their own modernisation. Sacred, sometimes fanatical and prudish values, were central to Ugandan educational system—and yet the ultimate imperial aim was at the same time to produce from the schools African men and women. In much of traditional Uganda, as in many...

As one of the six official working languages of the United Nations, Mandarin Chinese plays an important role in international communication. China as the world’s largest developing country with a strong economic performance, Mandarin has increasingly become a popular language in the world. In Africa, Kenya’s exchanges with China have also expanded over the years and bilateral relations have reached the level of a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership. Therefore, having a good...

Apparently, the ‘overwhelming’ and abrupt changes and transformation that is on-going in teaching and learning at the higher education institutions (HEIs) due to Covid-19. Some learners are coping well, whilst majority are grappling with the teaching and learning challenges as presented by the Covid-19. Other learners (not would not) but cannot cope with the pressure and abrupt changes that take place in HE which result in dropping out of these learners. This article poses the question of...