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The data from a lung function study on 2209 white 45-54 year old South African gold miners in 1968-71 and at a five year follow up examination, were analysed to establish the actual loss of lung function associated with exposure to silica dust and with smoking. Ex-smokers were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 1625 subjects, 1249 had the five year follow up test of lung function. The estimated excess loss of lung function for a 50 year old gold miner, associated with 24 years of...

Evidence from a tracer study of Bachelor of Education graduates from the Department of Science and Mathematics Education over the period from 1986 through 1990 is presented in this paper. The main findings were: 1. The group were experienced teachers with 5 to 10 years experience on average. The majority had less than five years experience in their present schools and about one third of them had spent less than one year in their present positions. Most of them held positions of...

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the relationships among gender, academic achievement, and student preferences for cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning in a sample of 136 African-American adolescents enrolled in sixth and seventh grades in a school in Georgia. We used the Learning Preference Scale for Students (LPSS; Barnes, Owens, & Straton, 1978) to measure cooperative, competitive, and individualistic preferences. Three two-way ANOVAs (Gender × Academic...

Abstract In this article, the authors compare the situation in South Africa to the recommendations of the 1977 Tbilisi international conference on environmental education, with reference to the human environment, education, research, and incorporation in the educational system. The needs and priorities of environmental education that emerged from this conference were addressed at the Moscow international conference, held 10 years later. The authors relate the situation in South Africa to the...

Using an auto-administered questionnaire, a cluster sample survey was carried out in January 1990 among 2433 secondary schoolchildren in Bouake (Cote d'Ivoire). The prevalence rate of asthma was fairly high (10.8%), as well as that of wheezing (19.8%), dyspnea (42.8%), broncho-pulmonary diseases (25.8%) and smoking habit (14.5%). The results are discussed with regard to the published data.

The Report of the Working Group for Music on the National Curriculum suggested that music teachers should incorporate music from non-Western cultures into their programmes of study. African Week proved to be an ideal opportunity to introduce the idea of music and dance from Africa to both students and the wider community in a predominantly white area, as well as to address the vexed problem of how to teach combined arts without diluting standards in the individual art forms.

Some approaches to health education are presented based on experiences in Asia and Africa. Consideration in project design should be given to methodology, location, timing, and target group. There is no one correct approach. Qualitative evaluations are possible. Outreach to a larger population such as the out-of-school unemployed is an important goal, as well as directing Family Life Education (FLE) to the primary school level, when children are still in school. Sexual health is defined as...

The Bill of Rights is a novelty in Tanzania.2 As is well-known, Tanzanian Constitutions from independence to 1984 did not contain a bill of rights.3 Partly for this reason, legal discourse, whether in teaching or in practice, did not centre on rights issues particularly in relationship between state and citizen. At Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam, there developed an approach to teaching which university calendar refers to as the historical, method. The socioeconomic emerged in...

Attacking widespread under‐education with limited resources in the scattered, oppressed adult population of South Africa is a formidable challenge. One way of meeting this challenge could be to develop adults’ critical thinking skills, using their own experience as their main educational resource. Experiential learning technology, facilitated from a distance, could provide a means of achieving this aim. Research carried out at a conference on experiential learning at Natal University,...

A retrospective study for the ten year period 1981 to 1990 was done to determine the pattern of childhood malignant diseases in the Paediatrics Department of the Gonder College of Medical Sciences, Gonder, Ethiopia. The 71 children identified represented 0.66% of the total paediatric admissions. Ages ranged between 4 months and 14 years with the male to female ratio 3.4:1. Lymphoma was the commonest tumour (25.4%) followed by bone and soft tissue sarcomas (19.7%) and retinoblastoma (15.5%)....

Culturally valid speech and language testing measures for use with African-American children who are speakers of Black English (BE) are limited. An alternative to developing new tests for use with this population is to adapt currently available tests designed for use with standard English speakers. The purpose of this study was to compare the responses of 28 low-income, urban African-American preschoolers from Metropolitan Detroit who were speakers of BE on the Arizona Articulation...

The available information suggests that the concentrations of toxic metals in many ecosystems of Africa are reaching unprecedented levels. Because of the heavy load of contaminated dusts in the air of the overcrowded cities, the ambient concentrations of toxic metals are now among the highest being reported anywhere. Lead pollution from the increasing number of automobiles and cottage industries represents a major health hazard, and it is estimated that 15–30% of the infants in some urban...

To date the issue of brain drain among academicians in higher education institutions in Ethiopia has not been seriously treated. This is, therefore, a preliminaryattempt to determine its magnitude as well as to probe into its causes. Accordingly, a study was conducted and the findings show inter alia that the magnitude of the brain drain is quite sizeable and its major causes lie in political andjob satisfactionfactors. Consequently, its remedies also lie in the amelioration of these conditions.

Socio-economic and educational disparities exist between various regions and social groups in Ethiopia. The disparities in higher education opportunities between the sexes, regions, and urbani rural locations in Ethiopia were investigated. Also a brief assessment of the disparities in general education wasmade. Data for over seven years, show that the most advantaged groups are the males when compared with the females; Addis Ababa, Eritrea, Tigray and Gojjam regions when compared with the...

The Angolan Mesozoic volcanic suites are concentrated along the continental margin and are characterized by voluminous sheet-like acid rock-types overlying stratoid tholeiitic basalts. The acid volcanics closely correspond in terms of stratigraphy, petrology and Sr-Nd isotope compositions to those of Lower Cretaceous age (135±3 Ma) in the northern Parana basin (SE-Brazil). The Mesozoic tholeiitic volcanic suites of Angola (and Namibia), which crop out close to the continental margin...

A fieldwork study of the social organization of community self-help, which focuses on Kenya's harambee self-help movement. Its origins lie in traditional community work parties and colonial forced labour. The author explores this movement, its principles, political processes, social stratification and developmental planning. The book is intended for students of anthropology, African studies, and development studies.