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Within a period of three months in 1994, up to one million people were killed as a result of war and genocide in Rwanda. Large numbers were physically and psychologically afflicted for life through maiming, rape and other trauma; over two million fled to neighbouring countries and half as many became internally displaced within Rwanda's borders. Post-genocide Rwanda is dramatically different from pre-genocide Rwanda; the genocide transformed the social, political and cultural landscape of...
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This study examined the impact of implementation of the Ghanaian government's mother tongue language policy, noting whether bilingual/mother tongue education would lead to improved academic achievement of elementary school students or would reinforce the marginalized position of linguistic minority children in developing countries. Data came from the Improving Educational Quality (IEQ) study and from student assessments at three elementary schools. Data were collected as students progressed...
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Auctions are common mechanisms for identifying prices and suppliers of commodities and are particularly important in agricultural marketing. Information asymmetries among bidders may be ameliorated over time through some form of learning. In this study, we incorporate prior decisions to participate, information from previous auctions, and firm-specific attributes to explain both the decision to bid and the level of the bid. Our analysis uses data from Egyptian oilseed tenders, an important...
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Auctions are common mechanisms for identifying prices and suppliers of commodities and are particularly important in agricultural marketing. Information asymmetries among bidders may be ameliorated over time through some form of learning. In this study, we incorporate prior decisions to participate, information from previous auctions, and firm-specific attributes to explain both the decision to bid and the level of the bid. Our analysis uses data from Egyptian oilseed tenders, an important...
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Objective To study the protective effects of bFGF on noise exposure hearing loss and effects on heat shock protein 70 of cochlea.Methods Preparing the animal model of noise induced hearing loss, and using ABC immunohistochemistry method for heat shock protein 70 analysis and ABR threshold. Results bFGF decreased the enhancing of ABR threshold by exposed to noise.Conclusion bFGF could resist the injure of cochlea by noise exposure,and decreased the express of the heat shock protein 70.
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Both Egypt and China are renowned old civilizations. In spite of the fact that the two countries differ greatly in natural conditions, cultural traditions, and social environment, the ways in which modern education got started and developed in each country are surprisingly similar. Originating in Europe, modern education is characterized by multiplicity of disciplines, broad coverage, and practical applicability.Modern education in Egypt rose in the early 19th century, when Muhammad Ali...
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The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was measured for a total of 180 sediment samples collected from the Upper Layer (surface sediments) and the Lower Layer (sediments repository) of lagoon bottom sediments distributed in the Bizerte lagoon, Mediterranean coast, northern Tunisia. The spatial variation pattern of PTEs contamination in the lagoon bottom sediments is classified into three types, Type I, II, and III. (i) Type I: A ‘peak’-shaped very high concentration part...
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Since the demise of apartheid in 1994, South Africa is undergoing rapid transition in all aspects and at every level of society. The commitment to access, redress and equity, non-racism, non-sexism, etc. within the anti-Apartheid movement, as evidenced in documents emerging from the National Education Policy Investigation (National Education Co-ordinating Committee, 1992, 1993) in the early 1990s, has been sustained through a plethora of policies and legislation to achieve equality in all...
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Technological learning is crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of production through efficiency drives. Its occurrence is, however, constrained by weak management and policy regimes that inhibit competition, capacity building and investment flows. Analysis of technical efficiency trends in the Ethiopian manufacturing industry, conducted using efficiency models developed by the authors, shows scant evidence of technological learning, and confirms the hypothesis that...
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Environmental problems are very serious in South Africa. The government of South Africa pays close attention to environmental education and regards it as a key strategy to solve environmental problems after ending racial segregation institution. The article analyzes and comments on the development of environmental education policy,the goal of environmental education curriculum in schools,the basic strategy and ways of environmental education in South African schools.
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The purpose of this study is to better understand the implications for using self‐reported grade point average (GPA) versus school‐record GPA in academic achievement research. First, we found that nearly half the youths interviewed overreported their GPAs by at least 2 half grades. Second, youth who overreported their GPAs also reported less psychological distress, more successful academic beliefs, and fewer problem behaviors. Third, we found that self‐reported GPA was associated with all 3...