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Parasitic determinants of serum retinol concentrations were studied in 159 preschool (0.25-5.1 y) and 695 primary school (9.2-17 y) children in western Kenya. Mean serum retinol was 0.63 micromol/L in preschool and 0.94 micromol/L in primary school children; 62% and 24%, respectively, had serum retinol < 0.70 micromol/L. Serum retinol was lower in boys than in girls among both preschool (P = 0.04) and primary school children (P = 0.0001). Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm,...

This paper, using field work carried out in Eritrea, will examine ways of promoting “ownership” resulting from the adaptation of a project originally developed outside the host country. The author will argue that while project organisers will probably encounter basic problems concerning local competence, the stress must, above all, fall on an awareness of what Holliday has termed “intercompetence”, “an intermediate stage in behavioural competence which occurs during confrontation with a new...

The authors examined the achievement-related beliefs and behaviors of parents of economically disadvantaged African American youth, and the relations among parental factors and children's academic self-concept and achievement. Forty-one children and their primary caregivers were interviewed. Parents reported on their academic-related beliefs and behaviors. Children completed measures of academic self-concept and 2 standardized achievement tests: 1 during the summer and 1 at the end of the...

This paper examines the summer (DJF) and winter (JJA) equilibrium response of the climate system to an instantaneous doubling of CO2 using the T31 GENESIS general circulation model (GCM) (version 2.0.a). The results are analysed over southern Africa and the adjacent oceans (90i?½S to 0i?½; 70i?½W to 110i?½E) in order to evaluate the control simulation and determine the large-scale response to the CO2 forcing. The GCM has been shown to perform well under present-day conditions, perhaps with...

Abstract An experimental analysis of the effects of achievement motivation and study habits on Nigerian secondary school students' English language performance was carried out in 1990. The two hypotheses tested were that each of the treatment groups would perform significantly better in English than the control group and that the students treated for the combination of improved study habits and higher achievement motivation would perform better in English than any of the other groups (study...

ABSTRACT This study investigated the differing effect upon creativity of traditional and modern education in the Sudan. The salient characteristics of the two types are presented, with a brief discussion of their likely effects. Four creativity tests, suitably modified for local conditions, were administered to 264 male and female students, with an age range of 15–20 years. The results indicated that the group receiving modern education performed significantly better than the traditionally...

Abstract This is a study of relations between English Protestant missions and secular forces in and outside the state in the arena of African education between 1930 and 1936. During these years both the state and secular organisations devoted a great deal of time and money, in the form of commissions and conferences, to debating and investigating solutions to the ‘Native Problem’. Education was seen as key in this debate. The article argues that, through these public debates, newly emerging...

"Day-to-Day Variation of Egg Output and Schistosome Circulating Antigens in Urine of Schistosoma Haematobium-Infected School Children from Gabon and Follow-up after Chemotherapy" published on Sep 1997 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

A school- and chemotherapy-based urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal helminth infection control programme was conducted in Matuga Division, Kwale District, Coast Province with teachers taking care of diagnosis, treatment and health education. More than 12,000 children in 36 primary schools were included in the 2-year programme. Results for 20 evaluation schools are presented. Children with haematuria were treated with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) once a year. Within 2 years, the prevalence of...

This research concerns the development of Syrian undergraduates' writing ability in English. The aim of the research was to establish whether students' writing improved during their period of study, and to identify the nature of any changes that occurred. Secondary objectives concerned how previous research and current theories can help us understand and offer explanations for progress or lack of progress. In addition, students were consulted about their attitudes to writing through a...

In vivo testing of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine was carried out among asymptomatic school children from seven schools in four sub-counties in Hoima District in western Uganda. Seven hundred and twenty five children were screened, 487 (67%) had parasitaemia and 307 met the inclusion criteria. Full sensitivity to chloroquine in urban areas was found in 42%. Chloroquine resistance at RII level was observed in 46% (33–58%) and RIII level in 13%...

The Chyulu Hills, a 1.4 Ma B.P. to Holocene volcanic field located about 150 km to the east of the Kenya rift, is one of the few locations on Earth for which detailed geochemical (volcanic rocks), thermobarometric (xenoliths), seismological and gravity data are available. This paper combines these data to achieve an integrated seismic-petrological model for the deep structure of this volcanic field. Results of a wide-angle reflection and refraction experiment reveal an average crustal...

In 1992, the U.S. Agency for International Development, (AID), launched a $15-million program to consolidate democracy in Zambia. The aid program followed multiparty elections which ended the 28-year reign of Kenneth Kaunda and the United National Independence Party, (UNIP). For 17 of those 28 years, Zambia had operated a single-party state, with UNIP serving as the sole, legitimate party (Bratton, 1992). The defeat of Kaunda and UNIP at the 1991 general elections, and the victory of former...

First, a caveat. This article uses and interchangeably primarily because, in the African context, no rigid pedagogical and practical distinctions are made between them. Even though Africa's mass-communication programs emphasize education, they do not entirely preclude human-, interpersonal-, or speech-communication courses. Additionally, in the realm of reception analysis within the African context, the boundaries between mass-media fare and interpersonally generated are in a flux, with one...

While African American children in general have been widely discussed in the literature, those with academic gifts and talents have not (Frasier, 1989; Patton & Baytops, 1995). In comparison with their cognitive development, even less attention is placed on these children's socio‐cultural and psychosocial development (Ford, 1992; Shade, 1990; Patton & Baytops, 1995). Increasingly, African American learners with gifts and talents are being educated in general class settings. For these...

South African Journal of EconomicsVolume 65, Issue 3 p. 163-172 The Economic Impact of Marine Pollution on the South African Fishing Industry: An Investigative Framework. A.D. SAVILLE, A.D. SAVILLE Department of Economics, University of Natal, Durban.Search for more papers by this authorA.B. LUMBY, A.B. LUMBY Department of Economics, University of Natal, Durban.Search for more papers by this author A.D. SAVILLE, A.D. SAVILLE Department of Economics, University of Natal, Durban.Search for...

From at least 1900 on, Africans in Southern Rhodesia, its successor Rhodesia and today's Zimbabwe, have demanded schools and education, leaving behind evidence of their demands in a wide variety of sources: mission records, government reports and the recollections of former students. Even more than demands for land, higher producer prices or higher wages, demands for education were explicit attempts to negotiate not just economic issues, but also a place within Southern Rhodesia's...