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Ghana produces 20% of global cocoa output and is the second-largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans in the world. The Ghana cocoa industry is, however, challenged by a lack of adequate decision support systems across the supply chain. Particularly, cocoa farmers have limited access to information, which impedes planning, pricing, benchmarking, and quality management. In order to address this asymmetric access to information and ensure fair access to information that will allow the...
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Attitude is an important language learning variable. It determines the success of the classroom encounters. As a result, the focus of this research was to look into the attitudes of Nigerian college students regarding learning English. The study was, therefore, a quantitative research. It employed an adapted questionnaire (Attitudes towards Language Scale (ATols), a 30-item instrument that was constructed based on (Baker, 1992) tripartite model of language attitude, to collect data from 265...
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Oil spill is the term used to describe the leak of crude petroleum into the environment. Though, the natural seeped of crude oil into the environment is inevitable, the rate of anthropogenic leaching of oil into the ecosystem is alarming. It is released intentionally into the environment through bunkery, pipeline vandalism, pipeline sabotage, corrosion of crude oil pipeline, poor maintenance culture of oil facilities, leak from faulty equipment and sometime, from accidental discharge from...
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This chapter discusses some of the issues related to the training of women who are engaged in the self-initiated micro- and small-scale enterprises activities. The training needs of women who initiate their own economic activities in the informal sector can be grouped into three categories: training for low-income women; training for women who are already entrepreneurs; and training for trainers. Training programs for low-income women are a challenge for the organizations that design and...
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With the emergence of numerous human rights groups as well as legal instruments in the international arena, the rights and protection of people with disabilities are increasingly being guaranteed. However, in Nigeria, people with disabilities still live at the margins due to some cultural practices that continue to discriminate against them and undermine their rights and general wellbeing. The paper is an empirical study combined with some historical investigation of some of the extant...
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Sustainable development (SD) has increasingly played a key background role in government policymaking across the world, especially for the least developed countries in Africa. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to study the SD of African countries in public life, education, and welfare, and then to help policy makers better monitor the status of sustainable development and formulate development policies in these aspects. We firstly propose a new method to assess the SD in public life,...
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Background: Preventing suicide among adolescents is an urgent global public-health challenge, especially in Africa. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the early initiation (< 12 years old) of substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use) and attempted suicide among in-school adolescents in seven African countries. Methods: Data on the early initiation of substance use and on attempted suicide among in-school adolescents over the previous...
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<p>In the past two decades economic theories of the 'market' have permeated economic and social sector policies of both developed and developing countries. Market mechanisms have become the main policy option upon which economic and social sector reforms, including tertiary education, have been premised. In this study I have compared trends in contemporary tertiary education policy of two countries: Zambia and New Zealand. Prior to 1980 in both countries education was predominantly a...
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<p>In the past two decades economic theories of the 'market' have permeated economic and social sector policies of both developed and developing countries. Market mechanisms have become the main policy option upon which economic and social sector reforms, including tertiary education, have been premised. In this study I have compared trends in contemporary tertiary education policy of two countries: Zambia and New Zealand. Prior to 1980 in both countries education was predominantly a...
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Wetland vegetation plays an important role in the environmental functioning of wetlands through the provision of ecosystem services, such as food and critical habitat for organisms that live in or near water resources. The ecosystem services provided by wetland vegetation are facing several pressures due to the impacts of drought. Drought can induce significant declines in overall plant productivity and even lead to high rates of plant mortality. Therefore, assessing vegetation response to a...
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 This study investigated the effectiveness of climate change adaptation measures used by women in garden egg production in Enugu State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select eighty respondents for the study. Data were collected through the use of semi-structured interview schedule and analysed with descriptive statistical tools such as frequency count, percentage, mean scores and standard deviation. The major effects of climate change on garden egg...
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Background:The wearing of facemask in public places has been adopted as source control measure in the prevention and control of Covid-19 worldwide.In Nigeria, its use in public places has been made compulsory and defaulters are liable to sanctions.However, compliance still remains poor especially among youths, hence the need to assess knowledge of Covid-19 and compliance with the use of face mask among University students.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among 400 undergraduates of...
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Medical schools are developing global health programmes, and medical students are requesting global health training and creating opportunities when these are not provided by medical schools. This article described the Wolisso Project (WP), a medical experience on clinical electives in Sub-Saharan Africa, driven by a collaboration between a student organisation and a Nongovernmental Organization (NGO). Preclinical medical students spent 4 weeks as part of a multidisciplinary medical team in...
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Abstract Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of 0.18$\sigma$ after one year, but these effects plateaued in subsequent years (reaching 0.2$\sigma$ after three years). Beyond learning gains, the programme reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base of 51%), but increased dropout (by 3.3 percentage points from a base of 15%) and failed to reduce sexual abuse....