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With sexual violence becoming widespread in Kenyan and other schools in the region, this paper specifically investigates problems of sexual assault and the heightened risks of HIV/AIDS in Kenyan and Ugandan schools. The paper is based on research undertaken in the concerned areas in 2006. To provide an effective descriptive and, by extension, analytical backdrop for the case, the paper provides important background information based on available literature on sexual violence in schools. As...

Under a national Livestock Policy Forum in Ethiopia the impact of livestock vaccination during drought was assessed in order to inform the development of a best‐practice guideline. For each of the different types of vaccine used during drought years there was no significant difference in livestock mortality, for any species, in vaccinated compared with non‐vaccinated herds. The limited impact of vaccination on livestock mortality was attributed to weaknesses in the design and implementation...

Most of the oil wells in Nigeria are accompanied by a raging flame that burns twenty-four hours a day, reaching hundreds of feet into the sky, killing the surrounding vegetation with searing heat, emitting a deafening roar, and belching a cocktail of smoke, soot, and toxic chemicals into the air along with a potent mixture of greenhouse gases. In 2005, the Federal High Court of Nigeria ruled that the widespread practice of gas flaring by Shell and other oil companies in the Niger Delta...

Providing basic surgical and emergency care in rural settings is essential, particularly in Tanzania, where the mortality burden addressable by emergency and surgical interventions has been estimated at 40%. However, the shortages of teaching faculty and insufficient learning resources have hampered the traditionally intensive surgical training apprenticeships. The Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences consequently has experienced suboptimal preparation for graduates practising...

The mineral aerosol mixture composition for the March 2006 Saharan dust storm is assessed in this paper on the basis of the analysis of visible to near‐infrared (VIS‐NIR) and infrared (IR) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) spectra obtained during the Portable Infrared Aerosol Transmission Experiment (PIRATE). The AOT spectra from 8 to 13 μ m were determined using column‐integrated solar transmission measurements using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. To determine the mineralogy and...

Toluene is a high-production industrial solvent, which can disrupt the auditory system in rats. However, toluene-induced hearing loss is species dependent. For instance, despite long-lasting exposures to high concentrations of aromatic solvent, no study has yet succeeded in causing convincing hearing loss in the guinea pig. This latter species can be characterized by two metabolic particularities: a high amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450s (P-450s) and a high concentration of glutathione in...

In this article an attempt is made to provide a grounded basis for expanded church involvement in the provision of formal education, HIV and AIDS education and leadership education in Africa. This is done on the basis of a fundamental reflection on the role of the church in education, as well as a brief analysis of the formal education challenge, the HIV and AIDS challenge and the leadership challenge in Africa.

In this study, the authors investigate the perceptions of general educators, special educators, and school counselors on the topic of overrepresentation of minorities (specifically, African American) in special education programs. The study took place in a rural school district in south central Alabama, where overrepresentation of African American students in the category of mental retardation had been identified as a chronic problem by the Alabama State Department of Education. Participants...

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in Benin City.A total of 441 school children, 229 males and 212 females of mean age 13.52 years ± 1.83 who had no previous history of orthodontic treatment were assessed for occlusal, space and dental anomalies.Angle's classification was used to assess buccal sagittal relationships.The results showed that 15.9% of the subjects had normal occlusion, 80.7% had Angle's class I and 1.1% had Angle's class II div 1, 0.5% had...

This is a prospective study of all cases of motorcycle related accidents with involvement of the eyes seen at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital from January 2005 to December 2005.The study was conducted to assess the severity of ocular trauma, ocular structures mostly affected and initial effect on visual acuity in such injuries.All cases referred to the eye clinic as well as cases presenting at the Accident and Emergency Unit of the Hospital with eye trauma, with or without other...

The study set out to investigate the factors that affect the effectiveness of performance appraisal of teaching staff in TIVET Institutions. Generally it was felt that the current appraisal system in TIVET Institutions did not allow employee participation during the Process. An effective appraisal is one, which an employee is involved in setting the targets, and in evaluating himself/herself In order to improve the performance ofthe teaching staff, there is need to establish an...

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inherited metabolic disorder and results in progressive mental retardation. The incidence of PKU varies widely in neonates: it is high in Turkey (1:2600) and Ireland (1:4500) and low in Japan (1:125 000).1 The incidence of the disease is unknown in Tunisia and North Africa. In the absence of a newborn screening program for PKU and considering the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Tunisia, this study aimed to assess the incidence of PKU among...

Little research has examined stereotypes of American racial minorities held by people living abroad. This study attempts to fill this gap by surveying Chinese high schools students to find out their stereotypes of African Americans, their sources of information about Americans in general, and whether stereotypes were related to media use. The results were mixed: Use of Chinese media sourcesled to positive stereotypes of African Americans, and use of American media sources led to negative...

To measure the strength of agreement in clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis of osteosarcoma in a 5 year study period.Addis Ababa University, Black-Lion ('Tikur Anbessa') Hospital-BLH, is the country's highest tertiary level referral and teaching hospital. The departments involved in this study (Radiology, Pathology and Orthopedics) receive referred patients from all over the country.All bone tumor patients, presenting to the three departments at BLH between the study...

Fracture is a common cause ofinjuries to lower extremities. It is clinically assumed that younger and male patients have better outcome following acute care rehabilitation of lower limb fractures. This study was therefore carried out to investigate pattern and outcome oj acute care rehabilitation of lower limb fractures. All cases of unilateral lower limb fractures referred for physiotherapy at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria between November, 2001 and OCtober 2006 were reviewed....

It is reported that the Tanzania government is facing a big challenge of organising in-service education programmes that would have impact on mathematics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and skills (PCK&S), which ultimately improve students’ performance in the subject. By using development research approach, a study was designed to evaluate the impact of peer collaboration with the use exemplary materials in probability. The investigation involved 6 ordinary level (junior secondary)...

Current efforts to ensure that every child completes a full cycle of primary education are hampered by chronic poverty and prolonged conflict in the South. It is estimated that 75 million children of primary age are out of school and that one‐third are disabled. This paper contrasts the exclusionary impact of the global digital and communication divide with the international rhetoric of Education for All. Access to information has increased in our brave new world, but inequitably. In this...