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Twenty primary schools in three areas (Merebank, Austerville and Bluff) of south-central Durban, South Africa were studied to determine if dust lead loading (μg/m2) is high enough to constitute a risk to children. Atmospheric lead fallout rates in the schools varied from 9 to 264 μg/m2 per day and were higher than the values now being reported in the developed countries. Mean outside dust lead loadings were 425 μg/m2 in Merebank, 771 μg/m2 in Austerville and 1174 μg/m2 in Bluff areas, and...
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This study examined the effectiveness of smoking cessation counseling by physicians-in-training (residents) with African-American patients. One hundred fifty-eight family and internal medicine residents at a large urban public general hospital participated in the study; two thirds of the residents underwent a 2-hour smoking cessation training program. Ninety-two of the trained physicians counseled from 1 to 18 patients. The majority of physicians were male, with 8% being current smokers....
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Although HIV infection is now seen as pandemic in many parts of Africa, little is known about existing perceptions and knowledge regarding the disease or about the use of preventive measures among groups with the highest infection rates. Further, many call for theoretically-based formative evaluations and interventions, yet few appear to utilize theory to determine perceptions and knowledge and to evaluate existing campaigns. This project reports the results of a theoretically-based...
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Since the fall of the apartheid regime South African higher education has begun to undergo a process of fundamental transformation. First-world universities, which were beneficiaries (however unwilling) of past racial inequalities, have had to adapt to the urgent needs of what is a post-colonial and, for the majority of its citizens, a third-world society. South Africa, therefore, provides a particularly sharp example of the encounter between a higher education system established within the...
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Using a 4 × 2 quasi-experimental factorial design, an exploratory study within the South African context was conducted to investigate the effects of sex-role identity and gender on occupational sex role stereotypes held by 173 White English-speaking Grade 9 pupils. The Bem Sex Role Inventory and a vocational checklist were employed as measures. The results revealed only a significant main effect of gender on the occupational sex role stereotypes. The implications of the findings on the field...
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A new recognition of the college experiences of African American undergraduates is examined by environmental from the perspective of whether students see themselves as marginalized or mattering. Students matter when they believe others in the environment care about them. This report explores the results of study of sampling of undergraduate students utilizing this perspective regarding their views on number of facets of university life. The differences between responses of African American...
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Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are the world's single most significant cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation. Data regarding IDD in upper Egypt are scarce and even lacking.The aim of the present work was to study the prevalence of IDD and some potential risk factors in upper Egypt. Using a two-stage cluster sampling technique, 6750 school children aged 8–10 years were screened for IDD through clinical examination of the thyroid gland and determination of urinary iodine,...
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Abstract The author examines a cluster of themes in the school lives of 10‐ and 11‐year‐old African‐American girls in an independent African‐centered school in Illinois, USA. Through conversation and student writings, the author illustrates that these girls position themselves in multiple and contradictory ways. In the co‐educational classroom, they seemed passive, even invisible. Yet in conversation outside of class, they were wilful, audacious, ‘womanish’ girls who attempted to bring about...
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A retrospective analysis of nine consecutive cases of ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) that were seen at Gondar hospital from 1993 to 1995 is presented. Ileosigmoid knotting is a condition in which the ileum and the sigmoid entangle each other to form a knot and become gangrenous. It was found that the clinical features of ISK were the results of combination of symptoms and signs of small and large bowel obstruction. The presentations were so dramatic that the majority of patients deteriorated...
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Progesterone suppresses gallbladder smooth muscle function but its exact mechanism is unknown. We sought to determine the cellular site where progesterone impairs gallbladder smooth muscle. Sixty-four adult male guinea pigs were injected with either progesterone (2 mg/kg/day sc) or normal saline (controls) for 7 days. Dose-response curves of gallbladder strips to cholecystokinin (CCK), bethanechol, and potassium (K+) were constructed in vitro. To better define the basis for the progesterone...
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Increasing globalization of the market is a challenge for international cooperation and partnership in higher education and research, especially in electrical engineering. New study programmes which take care of these new developments are attractive for young engineers both from the highly industrialized countries and the less industrialized and developing countries. The rapid growth in communications offers new opportunities for international teamworking.
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Summary This paper examines children's potential access to school health services by analysing data on the demographic structure, enrolment patterns and reported causes of early school‐leaving in 347 schools in Tanga Region, Tanzania served by a school‐based health programme. The analysis indicates that net enrolment ratios have risen over the previous 6 years, particularly among children under 10 years. However, in 1994 children were still much older than expected for a basic school...
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215 Zambian Lozi-speaking students viewed suicide as more normal and acceptable than did 203 Nigerian Yoruban students, also as more serious, and more often as having clear motives.
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The patterns of cognitive play of 28 African-American and Euro-American preschool children with intellectual disabilities are reported. Fourteen children representing each group, matched on developmental age and family variables, were observed playing independently at home. Categorical and sequential play behaviors were coded from videotapes using a 15-second partial interval coding procedure. The pattern of African-American children's play was more reflective of their developmental age than...