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There is disagreement between colonial and post-colonial Africanist historiographies on Africa over the role of missionaries in Africa especially their provision of education to the Africans prior and during colonization. Precisely, controversy emanates from the possible motive behind missionary provision of education to the Africans. Colonial historiography, maintaining benevolence as the prime motive, a position unacceptable especially to post colonial Africanist historians who argue that...

The study describes and evaluates the role of the Zimbabwe Teachers’ Association in the professional and academic development of teachers. The aim of the study is to increase the reader’s knowledge and understanding of the association and to explore its changing role. Having been an active member of the Southern Rhodesia African Teachers’ Association (S.R.A.T.A.) from 1961 to 1964, the author also attempts to assess the progress that has been made over the past thirty years and to...

In this article being a literature review, defines an agenda for research which will identify problems within existing mathematics text, material used by teachers and pupils in primary school in developing materials and better mathematics learning by children. The agenda will be defined by reference to existing research knowledge as it relates to the seven main areas of difficult set out above.

Major political, economic and social changes are in progress in South Africa. The present agricultural education, training, extension and research systems will have to be restructured to allow for an expanding clientele base and a better coordinated system. The process of democratisation is expected to influence such systems fundamentally. The demand for participation in programme design and evaluation will require outreach programmes linking rural communities to laboratories, lecture rooms...

The Postgraduate Diploma in Management at the Graduate School of Public & Development Management (P&DM), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, arises from our enthusiasm for a paradigm shift in the education of entry level public sector managers in South Africa; this is an approach that has developed out of moves towards a new public service that is development friendly and customer-oriented. The move away from traditional lecture-based classroom activities to interactive learning...

A multi-centre enquiry in 12 of 30 provinces of Burkina Faso was carried out to study smoking in pupils at secondary schools. The prevalence of smoking was 13.6 per cent. Amongst the smokers, occasional smoking was the most common, involving 62 per cent. Boys smoked more than girls. The average age of starting smoking was early, at 13.4 years. The majority of smokers consumed less than five cigarettes a day and the favourite place for consumption was the home of their parents or guardian and...

This paper describes a health education intervention which was conducted during the 1990 dry season in 3 study villages in the Northern Region of Ghana, to reduce dracunculiasis prevalence in that area by promoting the use of cloth filters for drinking water and avoidance of water contact by sufferers. The impact of the intervention in reducing dracunculiasis prevalence was examined by comparing the period prevalence of infection in 1990 and 1991. The findings demonstrate that the...

The government of Cameroon like that of many sub-Sharan African countries is faced with dwindling public revenues and cannot provide the required finances for the education sector. Since many other developing countries are facing similar financial constraints, policy options have been proposed for the recovery of costs as a way of revitalizing and improving the quality of education in these countries. The introduction of user charges is one of the more prominent options that applies to all...

The present paper investigates the demographic distribution of incoming undergraduate dental students in 5 South African dental schools. Biographical data was acquired in 1992 using a questionnaire administered to students in each of the dental schools. Data for 1994 was obtained from the Department of Health. The students were categorized in terms of population group and gender. Frequency distributions for these categories were computed. The results indicate that there are wide...

The Kenyan economy now faces a formidable employment challenge as a result of slow economic growth combined with rapid expansion of population. It is not possible for the entire labor force to be employed in the formal sector. Recognizing this, the Kenyan Government is actively encouraging workers to participate in the informal sector. One such strategy employed by the government is turning to the private sector to offer training in entrepreneurial and technical skills. This note explains...

The proportion of our nation's teachers that are persons of color has been decreasing, specifically African American teachers (Graham, 1987). Concomitantly, it was reported that the number of children of color in our schools is increasing (Graham, 1987). Graham indicated that all students need teachers of color to serve as positive role models. Even though white teachers have been very good role models, educators need to diversify the teaching force to affirm the social reality of today. We...

Abstract Theatre for Development (TFD) has emerged in Nigeria, as it has in many other parts of Africa, as an alternative practice to mainstream theatre. It has, therefore, developed as an interaction with ordinary people. TFD has, in consequence, become a vehicle as well as a strategy in the way it uses indigenous forms as elements of its practice. It has, however, acknowledged the presence of the mainstream and integrated aspects of it into its practice. The appeal and ability of TFD to...

This paper reports on a cultural comparative study of children's representations of themselves and their teachers in drawings of classroom life. Three settings, two in Africa and one in Sweden, have been chosen to represent cultural variation in pedagogic practices and child rearing ideologies. A total of 329 children in a traditional school setting in Tanzania, an ANC refugee settlement and a Swedish small‐town setting drew pictures illustrating “When I'm working in my classroom”. The...

The reconstruction of educational practice in South Africa, should have as an aim the accommodation of local realities. It is argued that this can be achieved when educational practice is inspired by a specific idea of what it means to be fully human. A definition is given of what is meant by the term ‘humanness’ in the following terms: Full humanness exists where a person achieves agency. Agency can be conceptualized in terms of the three phenomena — autonomy, reflexivity and mutuality, the...

This paper discusses the provision of sex education to grade 7 students in Papua New Guinea. Since officials in both the government and the Church are still hesitant on the question of including sex education in the curriculum, the author cites the reasons why there is a need to provide factual information about sexuality, STDs, and AIDS to everyone. Among the reminders given to decision-makers are the following: 1) nobody has ever become pregnant or become infected with an STD due to...

This paper describes the application of hydrologic models of the Blue Nile and Lake Victoria sub-basins to assess the magnitude of potential impacts of climate change on Main Nile discharge. The models are calibrated to simulate historical observed runoff and then driven with the temperature and precipitation changes from three general circulation model (GCM) climate scenarios. The differences in the resulting magnitude and direction of changes in runoff highlight the inter-model differences...

This paper describes the application of hydrologic models of the Blue Nile and Lake Victoria sub-basins to assess the magnitude of potential impacts of climate change on Main Nile discharge. The models are calibrated to simulate historical observed runoff and then driven with the temperature and precipitation changes from three general circulation model (GCM) climate scenarios. The differences in the resulting magnitude and direction of changes in runoff highlight the inter-model differences...