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To estimate the long-term, persistent effects of missionary education requires two strong assumptions: that mission station settlement is uncorrelated with other economic variables, such as soil quality and access to markets, and 2) that selection into (and out of) mission stations is unimportant. Both these assumptions are usually not sufficiently addressed, which renders the interpretation of the persistent effects of mission stations suspect. We use an 1849 mission census of the Cape...

This paper is a discussion of the relationship between women education and sustainable economic development in Kenya and its implications for curriculum development and implementation processes. The argument advanced in this paper is that the solution to the development problems in Kenya and other developing nations lies on women education. Indeed, women education is one of the initiatives that can propel Kenya in the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. In addition, women education...

The article analyzes the democratic transitions in Tunisia and Egypt, after the so-called “Arab Spring.” The working hypothesis is that the model of transition influences the result of democratization processes. The article is organized in three sections. The first one puts forward a theoretical and methodological framework, which includes a definition and classification of political regimes, a typology of the processes of political change and suggests models of democratic transition....

Studies have shown that motivation is crucial in the process of learning languages, and it remains one of the main influencing factors in L2 language learning. Though motivation is one of the influencing factors in second language learning, there are other aspects to consider when a country has to choose a language used in education. After many years of using French and Kinyarwanda in education, in 2008 the Rwandan government declared English to be the sole medium of instruction. Taking into...

Abstract (Agro) pastoral communities who reside in the arid and semi-arid environments of Ethiopia are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability specifically to the recurrent drought, floods and conflicts. From their long years of rich experiences of how to survive on such environmental pressures, (agro) pastoralists have also developed various forms of adaptation as well as coping strategies to the impacts of climate change and variability. Such strategies are closely...

According to a study by Ward & Eddie (2013), professional women hold themselves back in their careers by failing to grab opportunities. Women in academe perceive academic progress, promotion and leadership as advanced positions that would bar them from having time with their families as well as life beyond work. A study by Hall (1993) questions whether professional women have appropriate orientation to fulfil the masculine role of being a leader. Hence Cooper (1992) in his study confirms...

Agricultural sector remains the main source of food and income for most rural communities in Ethiopia. Being dependent mainly on rainfall, this sector has been affected by climate change. Hence, employing adaptation strategies within the agricultural sector to climate change is vital to ensure food security and care for the livelihoods of farmers. Food security and adaptation are among the options to abate the negative impact of climate changes. This study has analyzed factors influencing...

The objective of this study is to identify the strategies for retaining highly qualified & experienced technical teachers of technical and vocational educational institutions in Katsina State of Nigeria. Two research questions were formulated to guide the study. A 26 items survey questionnaire was developed and used to elicit responses from technical education administrators, technical education principals/vice principals and technical teachers in technical and vocational education...

Since Ghana’s independence on 6 March 1957, the practices and policies of adult education have fluctuated due to the activities of governments, NGOs and university-based adult education institutions. In addition, adult education has had to grapple with a lack of clarity in its meaning and purpose. Governments have not helped to address this challenge owing to the absence of a national policy framework on adult education. In addition, even though a Non-formal Education Unit of the Ministry of...

Aim: To determine the prevalence of horizontal strabismus, the relationship between the family's socioeconomic factors and their attitude towards the child's eye health, its types, and to determine the attitude and compliance of the patients and their parents towards it among basic school children in Khartoum city between July and December 2010. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Khartoum city among basic school children by questionnaire and eye examination....

Aim: To determine the prevalence of horizontal strabismus, the relationship between the family's socioeconomic factors and their attitude towards the child's eye health, its types, and to determine the attitude and compliance of the patients and their parents towards it among basic school children in Khartoum city between July and December 2010. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Khartoum city among basic school children by questionnaire and eye examination....

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess socio-behavioral factors of overweight and obesity in primary Egyptian school children such as: residence, type of school, parent education, entertainment and dietary behaviors. Methods: The study was cross sectional and was conducted from May 2013 to August 2014 in Menoufia governorate in Egypt. 354 children aged 8-12 years brought consent from parents to participate and were enrolled in the study. The BMI percentile for students was calculated...

Particulate Matter (PM) is a major air pollutant in the Nigeria atmospheric environment. This study has reviewed PM pollution in all the geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Published works relating to PM pollution in Nigerian cities were accessed and analysed. Data collected showed a high total concentration of total suspended particle (TSP) varying between 1,033 to 40,000 µg/m 3 and also a PM10 concentration range of 118.3 -132.0 µg/m3. Most of the reported PM mass concentrations in Nigeria were...

This research investigated teacher variables and school effectiveness in Ekiti state, Nigeria. The researchers employed ex-post-facto and descriptive research designs of survey type. It was an expo-facto because there was no manipulation of variables but a study of independent factors as they influenced or affected effectiveness issues in schools and among teachers in Ekiti State. Two sets of measuring instruments were constructed. These are teachers Self-Report Inventory (TSRI) and Teaching...

Agriculture is the backbone of the Kenyan economy and it is the sector most hit by climate change as it is largely rain fed. This paper explores climate change challenges and adaptation strategies that may be applied in smallholder crop production systems, followed by an analysis of household adaptation capacity. Gender issues in climate change mitigation and adaptation are discussed as well as a narrative on expert and farmer perspectives of climate change challenges. The analysis is based...

The success of any organization such as School of Public Health, University of Ghana hinges on its ability to acquire accurate and timely data about its operations, to manage this data effectively, and to use it to analyze and guide its activities.Integrated student database system offer users (Student, Registrar, HOD) with a unified view of data from multiple sources.To provide a single consistent result for every object represented in these data sources, data fusion is concerned with...