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While marriage is still strongly held as a major transition event for young people moving through emerging adulthood to full adult status, their conceptions of marriage readiness are diverse, and individually and socio-culturally rooted but also contested. Where their perceptions of marriage readiness are not contested, their beliefs about what it means to be ready for marriage are somewhat paradoxical in most cases. This paper presents descriptive data on youth-held conceptions of marriage...

The study assessed the relationship between teachers’ workload and their effectiveness in secondary schools. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study to determine the frequency of occurrences of the phenomenon and discover whether or not there is a relationship that exists between the variables. The target population of this study comprised Headteachers, Deputy Headteachers, Directors of Studies, and class teachers in the selected Secondary Schools in Sheema Municipality,...

Health risk behaviour is rife among school learners in the Western Cape province. This paper assesses risk and protective factors related to health risk behaviours among high school learners.Longitudinal data were sourced from 2950, 2675 and 2230 at Time 0, Time 1 and Time 2 among grade 8 learners aged 13-18 years between 2012 and 2013. Health risk behaviours were assessed on alcohol consumption, smoking cannabis in the past six months, and ever having sexual intercourse. The...

The rising cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer cases in Nigeria are alarming. Only a few studies have looked at secondary school students in Nigeria's understanding of HPV infection and vaccine acceptance, whereas earlier studies have mostly focused on screening. In this study, 400 students from two secondary schools in Kano State, Nigeria, were engaged with the aim of assessing their level of knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV infection. The study further...

Estimating the extent of pollution by measuring the amount of pollutants accumulated in the atmosphere by living beings is a relatively recent and highly successful environmental technique that has been utilized for decades.The assessment of bioaccumulation in these organisms, such as lichens, alleviates the issues that can arise during direct physico-chemical tests, which can be highly complex and time-consuming.The purpose of this research is to determine NOx emissions from a rouad source...

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted inequity in the use of technology for educational purposes in Africa following the subsequent and immediate shift to digital learning platforms and resources. Drawing examples from language teaching and learning in Tanzania, this chapter reveals challenges of the unbalanced technology ecosystem for language learning and teaching and lessons that can be drawn from the experience. For a successful adaptation of technologies post-COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan...

This chapter highlights the unintended consequences of internationalization brought about by the particular contextual contours of South Africa. The chapter commences with the rise of the internationalization drive in higher education. The societal and higher education contextual contours of South Africa are then portrayed, including the official policy with the intended outcomes of internationalization of higher education. Within that frame higher education internationalization reality in...

The levels of heavy metals in soil samples from selected major roads under construction, burrow sites (a place where soil was obtained for road filling) and two roads under use have been investigated. Soil samples were collected and digested using standard methods. The digests were analyzed for Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, non linear regression and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results...

Medical education in Syria still adopts a traditional, teacher-centered curriculum to this day. These elements imply the existence of issues in the learning environment (LE). This study aims to provide the first evaluation of the LE at the largest medical schools in Syria using the DREEM inventory.The three largest medical schools in Syria are the ones at Damascus University (DU), University of Aleppo (AU), Tishreen University (TU). The Arabic version of the DREEM questionnaire was used....

Drought and wetness events have become common due to global warming, warranting the need for continuous analysis and monitoring of drought and wet events to safeguard people’s livelihoods. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was utilized to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and wetness events in the coastal Savannah agroecological zone from 1981 to 2021. Climate data from 14 locations across the zone were used to characterize...

Analysis of frequency and severity of droughts is critical for assessing the availability of surface water in ecosystems and for water resource planning. This study investigated hydrometeorological drought in the Upper Mzingwane sub-catchment using the standardised precipitation index (SPI) and reconnaissance drought index (RDI). Precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature data from three stations in the sub-catchment were used to calculate RDI and SPI for the period 1990–2020. Two-tailed...

Adolescent girls should practice good menstrual hygiene to enhance their health and educational attainment. However, socio-cultural restrictions and limited water, sanitation, and hygiene in school environments continued to make it difficult for in school adolescent females to practice good menstrual hygiene management. So, the main aim of this study was to assess menstrual hygiene management practice and its associated factors among in-school adolescent girls in the secondary schools of...

To determine the prevalence and the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in children at a tertiary referral centre in Rwanda.In this retrospective study, files of all patients <18 years presenting during the year 2019 at the Kabgayi Eye Unit in Rwanda with SVI/BL (presenting visual acuity of <6/60 Snellen or lack of preferential looking behaviour) in at least one eye were analysed for age, sex, laterality, province of origin and cause of SVI/BL. Causes were categorised...

To determine the prevalence and the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in children at a tertiary referral centre in Rwanda.In this retrospective study, files of all patients <18 years presenting during the year 2019 at the Kabgayi Eye Unit in Rwanda with SVI/BL (presenting visual acuity of <6/60 Snellen or lack of preferential looking behaviour) in at least one eye were analysed for age, sex, laterality, province of origin and cause of SVI/BL. Causes were categorised...

To determine the prevalence and the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in children at a tertiary referral centre in Rwanda.In this retrospective study, files of all patients <18 years presenting during the year 2019 at the Kabgayi Eye Unit in Rwanda with SVI/BL (presenting visual acuity of <6/60 Snellen or lack of preferential looking behaviour) in at least one eye were analysed for age, sex, laterality, province of origin and cause of SVI/BL. Causes were categorised...

Evidence examining trends in active school commuting among adolescents are mainly single-country studies, and principally focused on high-income countries. Thus, the present study aims to examine temporal trends in adolescents' active school commuting and to examine if there are differences in such trends by sex. We used nationally representative samples of 28 countries, which were predominantly low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), covering 5 different WHO regions.Data from the Global...

The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods (1). These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality.COP27 is the fifth Conference of the Parties (COP) to be organised in Africa since its inception in 1995. Ahead of this...

The study was conducted in Katsina State with the aim of finding out the extent of utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among basic rural secondary school teachers. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to sample 260 teachers; structured interview schedule was employed to capture their thoughts on socio-economic characteristics, sources of information, awareness, access, ICTs utilization and constraints. Descriptive (frequency counts, percentages, mean and...