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Progressive education has been an article of educational faith in Papua New Guinea during the last 50 years but the best available evidence indicates that major reforms to formalistic curriculum and teaching in primary and secondary classrooms have failed during this period despite large-scale professional, administrative and financial support. In particular, project evaluations from AusAID's 2000–06 Curriculum Reform Implementation Project (CRIP) were unaware historically and culturally....

It is widely acknowledged that in order to improve the quality of education in primary schools in developing countries there is a need to place pedagogy and its training implications at the centre of teacher education reform. Like many countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, Tanzania has introduced various initiatives and reforms to improve the quality of teacher education at the pre- and in-service stages. Drawing on evidence from a baseline study of primary teacher interactional and...

Abstract Despite being minority religious communities in the Southern African region, Muslims have carved out for themselves a unique identity within a multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic, and a multi-religious region. As a result of the variety of Muslim education programs and institutions that the community had set up over the past few decades its representatives made an interesting contribution towards the region. In the discipline of ‘Islamic Studies’, which began as a minor subject within...

Abstract In this study we sought to determine the prevalence of substance use among students in Monrovia, Liberia, in order to better characterize the extent of the problem and guide future research. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine the substance use behaviors of students in 16 secondary schools in greater and central Monrovia, Liberia. The sampling frame included all co-educational secondary schools in central and greater Monrovia. A total of 802 students completed the...

Abstract In this study we sought to determine the prevalence of substance use among students in Monrovia, Liberia, in order to better characterize the extent of the problem and guide future research. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine the substance use behaviors of students in 16 secondary schools in greater and central Monrovia, Liberia. The sampling frame included all co-educational secondary schools in central and greater Monrovia. A total of 802 students completed the...

54th International Military Testing Association (IMTA) Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 6-9 November 2012

A cross sectional qualitative and quantitative pilot survey, using self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions, was conducted to assess the feasibility of a health promotion programme implemented at the university. About 73 students participated in the survey and the discussion. We examined gender and cultural differences on sexual attitude and behaviour. There was a strong belief that unprotected sex can lead to pregnancy and STIs. Overall participants were not sure if...

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Sierra Leone. The consequences of these diseases to pre-school children are well understood. The national control program currently does not target this group of children for schistosomiasis, while mass drug administration (MDA) has been performed six monthly for STHs in children 12-59 months of age since 2006.To assist the national decision on MDA strategy to control schistosomiasis and STH, three cross-sectional...

This article reports on a study that investigates the possibilities of developing a professional learning model based on action research that could lead to sustained improvements in teaching and learning in schools in remote areas of Papua New Guinea. The issues related to the implementation of this model are discussed using a critical lens that questions the use of ‘western’ constructs about ‘successful’ professional learning and ‘quality’ education in Papua New Guinea. In the article, we...

Aim Previous studies on the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are conflicting. We aimed to elucidate the relationship by investigating the prevalence and predictors of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in HBV-infected patients. Methods A total of 204 consecutive patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity for ≥6 months were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Patients with DM were excluded. Information regarding age,...

The antimicrobial activity of shea butter was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial and fungal skin infections isolates from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods. The isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Shea butter purchased from a local market in Benin City, was...

Abstract Many children in Malawi have poor access to learning and are at risk of exclusion and early dropout. In the context of HIV/AIDS, formal schools need to become more flexible and responsive to children's lives. Introducing an educational model that integrates open and flexible learning strategies with conventional schooling, this paper highlights the potential of such an approach to enhance learning experiences, bring psychosocial benefits and improve retention of vulnerable pupils in...

Abstract Using Critical Race Theory as a framework, this article reveals how racism and stereotypes obstruct the academic success of black students. Through the use of focus groups, African American undergraduates from a large California State University campus, share the ways in which campus racism impacts their achievement potential as well as their behavior and emotional well-being. The results of the study illuminate how research on the difference in black–white grade performance must...

This paper explores the effectiveness of a technology education professional development (TEPD) program and factors impeding the implementation of such a program within the context of the Republic of Benin (West Africa). Professional development (PD) programs do not always take into account the specific disciplinary content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge teachers should learn to be able to reach the PD goals. The goals of the study were to identify effective design elements of...

Abstract In 2001, architect Diébédo Francis Kéré completed the design and construction of a primary school for his home village of Gando in Burkina Faso. Raising funds through an organisation in Berlin, he applied the knowledge gained through his architectural education and associates in Germany to design the school in local sustainable materials. For its realisation, he drew on valuable village resources, with the on‐site labour being undertaken by the hands of the men, women and children of Gando.

The increase and retention of loyal customers has become a factor for long-term success of enterprises. However, the major emphasis is shifting from increasing the number of customers to retention of the same. Sports cannot be as a strategic and an important market segment in the Kenya’s clothing industry. With brands being an important source of competitive advantage, knowledge of factors influencing brand loyalty in sports wear is needed in order for a business to strategize on how to...