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Social issues of today are rooted in history, and the study of contemporary issues would thus benefit from tracing their history. In Tanzania, Nyerere’s ujamaa philosophy and the accompanying education for self-reliance (ESR) policy offer a criterion relevant today in pedagogical analysis. Tanzania is currently implementing learner-centered pedagogy (LCP). This article considers the logic of ujamaa, which ostensibly appears to be compatible with LCP principles, and explores through empirical...

Achieving an education in the poorest countries is difficult. Both infrastructures and human resources may be lacking, and the demand for education may be low. Moreover, the prevailing gender norms may be biased against women, leading to severe imbalances in access to education and higher-return jobs. This brief reports on an intervention consisting in male and female college students visiting elementary schools in Somalia, with the aim of increasing educational aspirations and reducing gender inequality.

Poor school hygiene practice is a major health problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia, and is a leading factor for children's school absenteeism due to hygiene-related illnesses. To our knowledge, little is known about hygiene practice conducted in southern Ethiopia including our study area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess magnitude and associated factors of hygiene practice among primary school children in Mareko District.A school-based cross-sectional...

This research was an investigative enquiry into the forms, extent, effects and contributing factors of cyberbullying in Higher and Tertiary Education institutions in Zimbabwe. The study used one such institution as case study. A survey was conducted on a sample of 380 undergraduate students (n=380) out of a total of 3800 student population (N=3800) in the institution. Interviews were also conducted on 12 volunteers in order to obtain additional information from the participants, especially...

Professional learning communities (PLCs) are becoming increasingly popular, in a recognition that teachers’ knowledge is situated in teachers’ daily experiences and best acquired through ongoing practice and reflection. This study examines the relationship between participation in PLCs and teaching practices and tests specific aspects of a PLC framework for sub-Saharan Africa, which has not been studied before. Data originate from a teacher survey implemented with over 2,300 preschool and...

Substance abuse is causing increasing threats to the stability of young minds, from teenage to the older youths and is an issue of public health concern in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Ekiti State.A comparative cross-sectional survey was carried out among students in tertiary institutions in Ekiti state with participants selected from Year 1 to Year 4. Data collection tool was the WHO questionnaire...

One night during a polytrauma theatre case, I asked the anaesthetic nurse to run a blood gas analysis in a nearby intensive care unit. He returned with saline, glucose and insulin, announcing from the door that “we need to crank up the respiratory rate a bit and shift the potassium”. To me, that was the embodiment of the anaesthetic nurse. He referred to “we” because he saw himself as part of the team. In that one moment, he displayed not only his knowledge of physiology and pharmacology but...

International human rights law (particularly, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) places an obligation on States to protect, respect and fulfil the right of persons with disabilities to work. Broadly, this thesis seeks to identify an effective social intervention mechanism that Ghana can adopt to reduce poverty levels and improve the social image of persons with disabilities. More specifically, the study used the Realist Evaluation technique and drew on...

We present here for the first time a morpho-structural study of the submarine sector of the Ustica volcanic edifice, located in the south-western Tyrrhenian Sea, considered as an inactive volcanic system, middle Pleistocene in age. The main aim of this research study is to unravel the submarine dynamics along the slope sectors of the Ustica volcano, in order to provide new insights on one of the most tectonically active regions of the Central Mediterranean during the Quaternary. We analysed...

This study explored student factors affecting academic success among undergraduate students at a historically Black and a historically White South African public higher education institution. Qualitative methodology was used. Data were collected through five focus group discussions from 31 undergraduate students. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The following student factors affected participants’ academic success: academic self-efficacy, peer relationships, parental...

Nigeria's domestic supply of fishery products falls short of the demand; however, there is a growing aquaculture industry that has come to the rescue in filling the gap between supply and demand.The aquaculture fish farmers are prone to the risk of climate change, since weather and extreme events have become more unpredictable.This study assessed the climate change risk management strategies among the aquaculture fish farmers' in Southwest Nigeria.Multi-stage sampling technique was used to...

In response to growing interrelated threats, many cities are engaging in more inclusive governance to increase their resilience and sustainability. A range of evidence now suggests that alternative models of knowledge production and decision-making are required for building good governance systems in cities, particularly in emerging economies in the Global South. At the forefront of these discussions are social inclusivity and innovation, key elements that should accompany resilient urban...

Adaptation Pathways have emerged as promising approaches for exploring sequences of actions to address challenges in uncertain conditions. This study elaborates on how pathway approaches operate in practice by applying a learning framework that identifies guiding propositions for successful adaptation pathways. The framework is used to analyze a transformative scenario planning case study from rural Mali. Findings confirm that adaptation pathways are highly context-specific, grounded in...

Abstract Carbon emissions (C0 2 ) from manufacturing companies contribute significantly to the volume of atmospheric Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) that trigger climate change. Mitigating climate change has become necessary because of the effects it has on social, economic and environmental outcomes. The minutest action taken against climate change can reduce its devastating impacts. Hence, this study assesses the strategies used by manufacturing companies in mitigating climate change. The study...

A detailed morpho-bathymetric study of the Comoros archipelago, based on mostly unpublished bathymetric data, provides a first glimpse into the submarine section of these islands. It offers a complete view of the distribution of volcanic structures around the archipelago, allowing to discuss the origin and evolution of this volcanism. Numerous volcanic cones and erosional-depositional features have been recognized throughout the archipelago. The magmatic supply is focused below one or...

With the dawn of a constitutional democracy, South Africa has enacted contentious policies, such as outlawing capital punishment and legalizing same-sex marriage. Within the educational environment, the religious education (RE) and comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) polices remain the most controversial to date. A comparative analysis of their overriding objectives suggests the two policies coincide in terms of their purpose (e.g. protecting the rights of religious and sexual minority...

Throughout Sudan’s, and later South Sudan’s history, education has been used by successive governments to shape an official national identity and to promulgate an accepted concept of citizenship. One way education systems do this is through formal curricula, which aim to inculcate particular values and skills into the student body. This paper explores how the concept of “civicness” appears across the subject areas of History, Geography, and Citizenship in South Sudan’s national curriculum,...

While it is increasingly important to strengthen the existing knowledge base in Africa to adequately respond to the rising risks and impacts of climate change on water resources, a significant research gap remains to identify areas and mechanisms to cope with these societal challenges. The aim of the paper is twofold: i) to provide subject-specific insights by analyzing the current knowledge base in Africa given water-related challenges due to climate change, and ii) to offer methodological...

The effects of polluted water and soil resulting from anthropogenic activities have impacted negatively on the livelihood of both human and animal existence.A thorough study was therefore required to ascertain the extent of pollution caused by the undertakings of these anthropogenic activities particularly within the Asante Akim Central Municipality of Ghana.This study assesses the dispersions and the extent of heavy metal pollution within the Owerri and Asuokofi Rivers in the study...