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Diarrhoeal disease is a significant public health concern in Zimbabwe, particularly for the population living in rural settings. The present study was undertaken to investigate the quality of water in a rural area of Zimbabwe during a period of extreme drought.A cross sectional survey study design was used. During the month of July 1995, water samples were collected from various actively used sources in the Zvimba communal lands, Zimbabwe.The level of contamination was estimated by use of...

Self-concept and social acceptance were examined for a sample of 154 Black and 203 White Zimbabwean schoolchildren attending racially integrated schools. Marsh's Self-Description Question naire-1 and multiple measures of social acceptance were used. Although Black children had levels of global self-esteem compara ble with, or higher than, that of their White classmates, Black pupils taught by White teachers had significantly lower reading and academic self-esteem. Pupils in classes taught by...

The question of desertification is examined in the West African Sahel region by considering various physical indicators assumed to accompany this process. The study considers only the past 14 years, since the availability of comprehensive satellite data sets. The physical indicators examined include vegetation cover, surface albedo, soil moisture, wind-borne dust, river flow, lakes, and the ratio of available moisture to vegetation growth. Vegetation cover and albedo are assessed from...

Abstract Preliminary studies: Focus group studies in the Ashanti region showed that people avoided utilizing health facilities because of lack of confidence in the services and concern about the availability of drugs and supplies, among other reasons. Interventions: After services at the health center were upgraded, community education activities began in early 1994. These activities were carried out through existing mechanisms — e.g. Ministry of Health (MOH) outreach workers and village...

Abstract This paper analyses the relevance of the Italian schools in Egypt from 1922 to 1940. The Italian fascist regime made a concerted effort to improve the quality of its schools abroad in order to enrol the greatest number of children from the families of the large Italian colony. Their aim was to improve their chances of finding a job in Egypt after leaving school and to indoctrinate them with the fascist ideology. This effort failed because of the changes brought about by the...

Abstract The objectives of this paper are twofold: ( a ) to estimate demand for formal drought insurance using farm household data in Burkina Faso and ( b ) to find what determines insurance demand. The following findings are salient. First, effective demand is found in all zones, which implies inadequacies in households' current self‐insurance strategies. Second, there is much heterogeneity in the strategies to self‐insure even within zones. Third, the expectation of public food aid...

Traveling to the tropics is becoming more popular in the Western world [1].As a result an increasing number of tourists, businessmen, and politicians return to their home countries with tropical infectious diseases.The severe but subsequently cured malaria infection of the German Minister of Economics, who was on an official visit to Sub-Saharan Africa in the summer 1996, has been one of many examples.The continuous stream of refugees and asylumseekers to Europe and North America [2]...

Summary Educated Papua New Guineans’ conceptual ecologies need to accommodate competing and conflicting traditional ethnoscientific, Western religious and modern scientific paradigms. Papua New Guinea is a constitutionally self-declared ‘Christian country’ and evolution is a controversial issue. The upper secondary school biology syllabus contains a terminating unit on evolution but the curriculum is of expatriate design and the rapid localisation of senior educational positions makes the...

Abstract Data based on responses of 126 male and 201 female 14- and 15-year-old Black South African secondary school students showed the Learning Process Questionnaire (LPQ; Biggs, 1987) to be fairly reliable and factorially valid. Comparison with the LPQ means for like-aged students from Australia and Hong Kong called into question the common assertion that Black South African students are more prone to use superficial learning processes than are Western students. In particular, the South...

We investigated the roles of pneumolysin and neuraminidase in the pathogenesis of deafness and cochlear damage during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Anesthetized guinea pigs were inoculated intracranially with 7.5 log10 CFU of either (i) wild-type Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 (n = 8), (ii) PLN-A, a defined isogenic derivative of D39 deficient in pneumolysin (n = 5), or (iii) deltaNA1, a new derivative of D39 deficient in neuraminidase constructed by insertion-duplication mutagenesis...

Literature has postulated that African American students often choose not to succeed in school because achievement is seen as acting White. This study examined the extent to which racial identity, self-esteem, and academic self-concept were related to academic achievementfor 86African American high school students. The majority of students indicated supportfrom both peers and parents for their academic work. Multiple regression analysis indicated that grade point average is best predicted by...

All chapters include Chapter Overview, Summary, and References and most chapters include Practical Application. Preface. By Way of Introduction: Race, Culture, Ethnicity and African American English. 1.Higher Ground: The Knowledge Base of African American Language and Cultural Studies. Linguistics. Linguistics System. African Continuities. All Languages Are Equal. Speech-Language Pathology. Biased Based Criteria. Education. African American Experience: Past and Present. Deficit Models....

Groundwater is a last-resort source of domestic water supply at the Kenyan coast because of the scarcity of surface water sources. NGOs, the Kenya Government, and international aid organizations have promoted the drilling of shallow boreholes from which water can be pumped using hand- operated pumps that are easy to maintain and repair. The shallow nature and the location of the boreholes in the midst of dense population settlements have made these boreholes susceptible to contamination from...

Abstract In pastoral Fulbe society in central Mali women had and in some degree still have an important social and economic role, concentrated on a milk economy organised through a special female-headed, women-centred unit called by the Fulbe fayannde , or ‘hearthhold’. In a society of semi-nomadic pastoralists who live most of the year in small social units, social relations and networks are very important, perhaps even crucial to the success of their main survival strategy, which is...