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Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a significant impact on drug resistance and medication-related complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia.A...

Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a significant impact on drug resistance and medication-related complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia.A...

The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has become a standard assessment tool in undergraduate medical school training. It is considered an objective assessment of practical skill of students. OSCE is a resource demanding assessment method that can have numerous challenges. Comprehensive assessment of perception regarding OSCE can help identify areas that need improvement. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of students and examiners towards OSCE.A cross-sectional...

Abstract Background The ageing of the global HIV‐positive population brings with it the novel challenges of geriatric medicine, such as management of comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Recent literature from high‐income countries suggests vascular risk factors, which are increasingly prevalent throughout sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), are stronger predictors of HAND than HIV‐disease severity. There is a paucity of evidence surrounding...

Alleviating acute and chronic pain is a moral imperative for health professionals and health systems, and it requires adequate access to and use of essential opioid analgesics. However, this is still a neglected issue in global health, with striking inequalities in opioids availability between high and low- and middle-income countries. Countries most affected by lack of access are those with a fragile political situation and weak regulatory and healthcare systems. The main threats to...

To understand the preponderance of stereotyping of Earth Sciences as a male-oriented science in Africa, we perform a robust analysis of two electronic surveys. The current perception of female students' activities and performances was evaluated through a primary survey (N = 151; 28% female), which consisted of responses from academic professionals working in Universities and other Earth Science-related organizations. The second survey (N = 795; 38% female) investigated the ratio of male to...

E-learning has been widely adopted as a teaching and learning approach in medical education internationally. However, its adoption in low- and middle-income countries is still at an infantile stage. The use of e-learning may help to overcome some of the barriers to access to quality education and provide flexible, low-cost, user-centred, and easily updated learning. To address the need for research education during the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed and implemented an e-learning course for...

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) significantly reduces inappropriate antibiotic use and improves patient outcomes. In low-resource settings, AMS implementation may require concurrent strengthening of clinical microbiology capacity therefore additional investments. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of implementing AMS at Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital (TASH), a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia.We developed a Markov cohort model to assess the cost-utility of pharmacist-led AMS with...

Climate change is mainly refers to the long-term fluctuations in the weather parameters of a large area with statistical significance. Earth's climate change is either due to natural variability or human activity, in combination. The Lake Tana basin has been studied to project future climate change using the Statistical DownSclaing Model (SDSM). The SDSM was used to downscale both temperature and precipitation from Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) Global Climate Models (GCMs)...

Erosion of soil in the Lake Tana basin poses a critical economic and environmental crisis due to its impacts on agriculture productivity, food security and reservoir sedimentations. This study assesses soil erosion hazards by considering changes of land use and the climate. Simulation of land use change was conducted using CA_Markov chain model while climate was downscaledusing statistical techniques from CanESM2 model. The integration of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) with...

Low demand for mental health services in sub-Saharan Africa is driven by poor mental health literacy, stigma, and poor service availability. To develop a Community Mental Health Education and Detection (CMED) Tool for adults for use by community health teams in South Africa aligned with their roles of health promotion, screening and linkage to care. Formative evaluation methods involving four processes: (1) Ongoing engagement with the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health (KZN DoH) to ensure...

This study assesses the contribution of Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI images to observe existing fractures and faults of at least 12 km in length around the lakes Nyos, Monoun and Oku whose are three major crater lakes in the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) environment. The results obtained using principal component analysis, directional filters and linear densities show many similarities and some differences. In fact, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI images present 427 lineaments in...

Competence is defined as the ability to perform a task with desirable outcomes. Globally, an estimated 530,000 women and 2 million newborns die each year, because of no access to competent health professionals. But half of those deaths can be prevented with competent health professionals. However, the existing literature shows that most new graduates have a lack of competence in the clinical environment, none of them have assessed whether student or preceptor factors have an association with...

Mothers' lack of knowledge about child nutrition and limited resources lead to poor diets among children in developing countries, increasing their risk of chronic undernutrition. We implemented a cluster randomized control trial that randomly provides four-month-long Behavior Change Communication (BCC) and food vouchers in Ethiopia. We find improvements in child-feeding practices and a reduction in chronic child undernutrition only when BCC and vouchers are provided together. BCC or voucher...

The impact of climate change and variability on agriculture and food security is severe in countries that heavily depend on rainfed subsistence agriculture. Examine climate change and variability and determinant factors of adaptation to ensure household food security in Basona Worena District, central highland of Ethiopia. Data were collected from the randomly selected 138 sample households, key informants and National Meteorological Agency. Rainfall and temperature trend and variability...

Abstract In the past decade, several efforts have been made to project armed conflict risk into the future. This study broadens current approaches by presenting a first-of-its-kind application of machine learning (ML) methods to project sub-national armed conflict risk over the African continent along three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios and three Representative Concentration Pathways towards 2050. Results of the open-source ML framework CoPro are consistent with the underlying...

While scholars agree that an essential component of antiracist education is supporting students in studying the historical roots of racism, little is known about how learning difficult history may support elementary-aged students, especially White students, in adapting an antiracist stance. In this study, I analyzed the language of eight third-grade students (ages 8 and 9) living in a predominantly White community in the Midwest region of the United States used language throughout an 11-week...