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Background Medical male circumcision (MMC) reduces the risk of HIV acquisition for men in heterosexual encounters by 50–60%. However, there is no evidence that a circumcised man with HIV poses any less risk of infecting his female partner than an uncircumcised man. There may be an additional risk of HIV transmission to female partners during the 6-week healing period and if condoms are used less often after circumcision. The aim was to explore young women’s perspectives on MMC, with a view...

An important feature of Ghanaian tertiary education is the foundational African Studies Programme which was initiated in the early 1960s. Unfortunately hardly any readers exist which bring together a body of knowledge on the themes, issues and debates which inform and animate research and teaching in African Studies particularly on the African continent. This becomes even more important when we consider the need for knowledge on Africa that is not Eurocentric or sensationalised, but driven...

The purpose of the study was to establish English student teachers’ knowledge of writing strategies to facilitate instruction of writing skills. The specific objectives were: to find out introduction strategies used by participants when writing essays, to establish strategies used by participants to ensure coherence of the written essay and to examine conclusion strategies used by the participants in essay writing. A total of 37 fourth year English student teachers’ were used in the study....

The paper examines the widespread effects of climate change and variability on food security in Zimbabwe. Climate change has posed a serious threat on food security in developing countries in Africa. This has led developing countries to heavily rely on foreign aid in the form of food hand-outs to avert hunger. The shift in climatic conditions over the sub-Saharan region towards semi-arid to arid conditions has stemmed up a lot of concern as to whether Africa can feed itself. The past three...

The number of continental African college students in U.S. colleges and universities has grown tremendously, making it imperative for their host institutions to understand their unique leadership development needs in order to serve them effectively. This qualitative study examined the pre-college leadership development of African students in U.S. colleges and universities. Four themes that describe the experiences that influenced the leadership development of the participants during their...

The freedom of Zimbabwe from colonial rule in 1980 brought with it the vision of Education for All by the year 2000. A number of initiatives were implemented in order to benefit the once disadvantaged children who were kept out of school due to the discriminative colonial policies and the adverse effects of poverty. These new policies which accompanied the ushering in of independence were received with jubilation and enthusiasm as the majority of black people hoped to acquire education for...

This study intended to evaluate the implementation of the remedial education programme in Zimbabwe urban primary schools. The population consisted of 120 urban primary schools and simple random sampling was used to come up with a sample of 30 schools. Structured interviews were carried out with all the thirty school heads and all the 60 remedial teachers who were purposively sampled from the selected schools. The study established that teachers and school heads effectively practised the...

The prevalence of bacterial organisms on toilet door handles in secondary schools in Bokkos LocalGovernment; Jos Plateau State, Nigeria was evaluated.This work was carried out in March 2011.A total of 120 samples were collected and cultured for bacterial isolates, 40 from each of the schools (Government Secondary School Bokkos, All Nation Academy and Government secondary School Mushere).The following organisms were isolated Staphylococcus specie 26(43.3%),Candida specie 6(10%), Escherichia...

The prevalence of bacterial organisms on toilet door handles in secondary schools in Bokkos Local Government; Jos Plateau State, Nigeria was evaluated. This work was carried out in March 2011. A total of 120 samples were collected and cultured for bacterial isolates, 40 from each of the schools (Government Secondary School Bokkos, All Nation Academy and Government secondary School Mushere). The following organisms were isolated Staphylococcus specie 26(43.3%), Candida specie 6(10%),...

Employee turnover in the hotel industry is problematic and can be dysfunctional. There cannot be a cohesive successful team, if the team members are always changing. However, it is not just the retention of the staff that is of interest here, it is the examination of those elements of human resource practices, over which these establishments have some control. Off the job training takes place away from the working station and most hotels rarely take this form of training because of the...

Emerging trends of a changing and increasingly variable climate have introduced new livelihood challenges in rain-fed smallholder agricultural systems that predominate in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The capacity of local farming communities and their institutions to respond to the new and emerging impacts of climate change is often constrained by lack of access to information and improved technologies, as well as poor support mechanisms to promote assimilation of new knowledge. This threatens...

Until late in the 1990s, employment for unskilled and uneducated able-bodied Basotho men on South African mines was usually available. As a result, the education of male children in most Basotho households was not prioritised. In the 1990s, massive retrenchments took place at the mines, resulting in many Basotho men being retrenched and repatriated. Most of those retrenched did not have any formal education and were generally unskilled. Many of the exminers believed that they were retrenched...

This article examines the relevance of South Africa's 2012 School Governing Body (SGB) and Traditional Council (TC) and their contribution to democratic consolidation. It assesses legal compliance and procedural fairness in these on the basis of a review of the literature, official reports, and articles in the media. Theoretical reflection, of course, also informs my argument. In this article, I acknowledge the fact that the government welcomed these as an essential part of the...

A survey of 150 purposively sampled third year Intake 35 Action Research Students was undertaken on 6 October 2010 at Morgan ZINTEC Teachers’ College one of the twelve semi-open and distance learning teacher education institutions in Zimbabwe. Respondents were asked to identify and explain institutional and student-related factors that negatively affect their progress and success in action research project. Major factors found to impact negatively on students’ progress included financial...

The present study is descriptive survey explored the degree of language endangerment in the universities with particular reference to tutors and students’ perceptions at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). It employed a random sample of 40 tutors and 160 students. Tutors were interviewed during the examination processing period in December 2011, while data were gathered during the conduct of tutorials between October and November 2011. Data were interpreted thematically. The study found out...

The climate change issue has become a topical issue at the international, national as well as the lowest echelons of the society that is in the various districts, wards and areas. The research was conducted in Chikomba district which lies in Mashonaland East Province. The people are facing a number of challenges which includes food insecurity, water scarcity and loss of livestock which has become a major issue of concern. The main worry is that the effects are falling on people with poor...

The payment of teacher-incentives by parents/ guardians has

This paper used a business lens to analyse human resources and marketing strategies used by Zimbabwean Universities to gain competitive advantage. It recognised the intense competition among institutions of higher learning, collected data, arrived at plausible conclusions and finally arrived at recommendations. This paper concluded that there was business in non- profit making organisations like universities. It also found that the majority of Human Resources Strategies and Marketing...