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Back ground: Almost three decades after the first clinical cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported. Its epidemics killed millions of people and became a major public health problem. To halt the epidemics, HIV counseling and testing is one of the strategies. Though HIV testing is critical for behavior modification in getting support and entry point for engagement on treatment, many people are missing these opportunities. This study was aimed to consider how people are...
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Two hundred and fifty seven individuals from 16 African and Indian andrology laboratories attended several -semenology workshops from 1997 to 2013. The external quality control programme in Africa indicated the ability of participants to maintain the technology skills following a hands-on training. The pre-training sessions of the workshops indicated a total lack of knowledge how to perform a semen analysis according to the WHO manual. This was the case for morphology, motility and...
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The projected changes in planted area, yield per area, net exports/imports and priced for five major agricultural crops in South Africa were simulated using the projections of four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under three socio-economic scenarios. The GCM runs were those undertaken for the IPCC fourth assessment report. They show consistent strong warming over the subcontinent, but disagree with respect to future precipitation, from slight wetting (particularly on the eastern side) to...
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This paper assesses the effectiveness and progressivity of Uganda’s Universal Primary Education program since it was first introduced in 1997, by examining factors driving primary school attendance, grade delay and drop out trends for children between the ages of 6 and 12 over the past two decades. Our findings reveal that primary school attendance has been progressive over time and, in recent years, pro-poor, in the sense that the poorest people have been its major beneficiaries. However,...
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Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal electrical signal activity, which results in an array of clinical symptoms. These clinical symptoms may include unusual sensations, movements, emotions, and behavior changes. Sometimes full convulsions or partial muscle spasms may occur, as may loss of consciousness, depending on the nature and type of seizure activity. In Africa, persons with epilepsy are shunned and discriminated against in education, employment and marriage...
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The transport sector of every economy generally depend on the combustion of fossil fuels that generates sulfuric, carbonic, and nitric acids, which are now contributing greatly to global warming. The threats of climatic change and the swamp of urban traffic flow problems necessitated the development of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) as panacea for urban traffic menaces. In this paper, the dwindling trend in fossil fuel deposit and the search for alternative fuel globally is examined as...
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The evolutionary events that have shaped biodiversity patterns in the African rainforests are still poorly documented. Past forest fragmentation and ecological gradients have been advocated as important drivers of genetic differentiation but their respective roles remain unclear. Using nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) and chloroplast non-coding sequences (pDNA), we characterised the spatial genetic structure of Erythrophleum (Fabaceae) forest trees in West and Central Africa (Guinea Region,...
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The study investigated the factors that affect primary education quality in Malawi. Data from SACMEQ II on reading scores for Malawi was regressed in ordinary least squares. A basic multilevel analysis was also conducted to account for the variation at school level and student level. The results show that pupil gender, socio-economic status, speaking English at home, class size had a positive impact on reading scores. Moreover, the age of the student, absenteeism, having class in the open,...
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Higher education is often considered a private investment. Research done in developed countries (Greenaway & Haynes, 2004) and in developing countries (Siphambe, 2000; Becker, 1964; Psacharopoulos, 1985) indicate that more return accrues to the individual than to society. Meanwhile, development theories recognise the role of higher education in economic growth and development (Sauer, Gawande, & Geng LiSauer, 2003; Hong & Kiseok, 2010), and reach this conclusion mainly by looking at higher...
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Pesticides, bed nets, and malaria medications are not affordable to farmers in remote villages in Mali and other material-resource poor countries. When provided without cost, preventatives often do not reach remote villages. If they do, the rationale for their use is not fully understood by villagers. In a single village, authors explore success and failure of top-down or "outside" approaches. The hypothesis tested was: sustainable malaria management can be entirely village-based after...