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To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in selected population groups in Zimbabwe.The study was a cross sectional, household prevalence survey. A structured questionnaire was used to interview study participants to elicit information on risk factors associated with iron status and IDA. Blood samples were collected for quantitative measurement of ferritin in serum and haemoglobin estimation as part of a full blood count.The study was conducted in four...

This study investigated South African teachers' ( n = 360) and educators' ( n = 72) perceptions of the goals of education. Consistent ranks, obtained for all groups, suggest that teachers and educators theoretically favour an educational system that is outcome-based and cognitively oriented, despite the previous emphasis on content and rote learning.

Training designed to improve AIDS knowledge, attitude, and practice was delivered to 96 traditional healers in the Central African Republic. The training (17 to 36 hours) was conducted by traditional healers with the assistance of staff from the Ministry of Health. Training included the following topics: prevention of HIV transmission during traditional practice; diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases; condom promotion; AIDS education at the community level;...

Each year, approximately 12 million children die in developing countries before age 5 years; 70% of these deaths are caused by respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition, alone or in combination. In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) developed the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, which call for non-physician health workers (HWs) to evaluate every sick child presenting to a...

ABSTRACT Field plots were established to assess soil erosion impact on soil properties of a Mollic Andosol of 9 to 17% slope at Lyamungu Research Institute, Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Soil erosional phases were established on the basis of the thickness of the Ah horizon as follows: < 15 cm (severely eroded), 16–25 cm (moderately eroded), and 26–35 cm (slightly eroded). Maize (Zea mays var. Kilima) was planted over two cropping seasons of 1995 and 1996. Porosity was significantly higher...

Rupture of the gravid uterus remains one of the most disastrous complications of labour. Eighty cases of uterine rupture managed at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos over an eight year period were therefore reviewed to evaluate the characteristic of ruptured uterus in Lagos. The incidence of ruptured uterus was 5.01 per 1000 deliveries and unbooked patients accounted for 80%. Spontaneous rupture occurred in 73.8% while traumatic rupture was responsible for 26.3%. Diagnosis was not...

A one year prospective study was carried out to compare clinical diagnosis antemortem with autopsy diagnosis post-mortem in all patients coming to autopsy. In the study period a total of 612 deaths occurred in the hospital out of which 179 came to autopsy representing an autopsy ratio of 29%. Of the 179 cases, 100 (56%) were cases referred to the coroner. A total of 143 cases were analyzed and the concordance rate between clinical and autopsy diagnosis was found to be 54%. We find the...

In pre-colonial traditional Somalia, education was dispensed through informal systems of communal interaction. With the arrival of colonialism in the mid-late 19th century, formal programmes of learning were slowly but steadily established. These were limited in scope and were essentially designed for the purposes of colonization. With independence in 1960, the education sector developed very quickly with pre-1991 civilian and military governments building hundreds of schools, training tens...

Formal education, especially at the higher levels, plays a vital role in the development of human resources for both personal and social advancement. A cursory observation seems to indicate that, as elsewhere in Ghana, a vast proportion of females in rural Brong Ahafo does not participate in secondary education. The study was motivated by the desire to investigate the extent of participation in secondary education among females in Rural Brong Ahafo and to examine the possible underlying...

This paper is based on a study which explores links between the interactional order of the Botswana primary classroom-frequently dominated by whole-class recitation routines-and the wider social order, which includes highly centralised control of the education system. Drawing on ethnographic observation, I argue that the institutional structures and practices of schools and training colleges are important-but covert-contributors to teachers' understanding of their professional roles. Firstly...

Improving the quality of management in schools has been identified as an effective strategy for improving the quality of student performance in schools. This paper presents a report on a study which sought to examine management methodology for promoting quality teaching and learning even under adverse conditions and in the face of serious resource constraints in basic schools in Ghana. The study identified ten factors that make the difference between effectively managed and ineffectively...

Iranian Manichaean Turfan texts in early publications (1904–1934): Photo edition. Edited by Werner Sundermann. (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Supplementary Series, Vol. III), pp. 51, and 192 plates. London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1996. £60.00 - Volume 8 Issue 3

This is one of a series of four reports based on a study of the performance of African American students on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) in the United States. This report focuses on behaviors of individual students, especially their course-taking behavior, participation in extracurricular activities, and school performance (class rank and grades). The study analyzes association of these characteristics with SAT scores after controlling for all of the individual, school, and neighborhood characteristics.

Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores...

Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores...

Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores...