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Major, rare earth and transition elements, have been determined on a selection of volcanic rocks from greenstone belts in Rhodesia (∼2.6 by) and South Africa (∼3.4 by). In Rhodesia two distinct series can be recognized: a komatite-tholeiite series which occurs early in the greenstone belt evolution and apparently grades into a second, calc-alkaline, series at higher structural levels. Peridotitic komatites reflect higher degrees of partial melting than any Phanerozoic rocks so far observed...

By combining intensive ethnographic work with formal experiments, it is possible to demonstrate that a traditional form of education—apprenticeship training—does teach general problem‐solving skills. An arithmetic test, anchored with problems drawn directly from tribal tailors' apprenticeship training, was administered to a sample of Vai and Gola tailors in Liberia. The tailors differ on tailoring experience and formal schooling characteristics. Both tailoring experience and schooling...

Summary One section of South Africa's Black population long said to exhibit lowered self-esteem is the mixed-blood South African Coloreds. At present in South Africa influences are operating similar to those said to have facilitated the upsurge in self-esteem of American Blacks. From this it was argued that a comparison of Colored and White self-esteem would now reveal a parity. Four hundred and twenty-six Ss were tested on Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory in six groups—English,...

Summary During a nine-month period (1974–75), 1,050 students (846 male, 204 female) at Ain Shams University, Cairo, attended the Student Health Centre. Fifty-two per cent were referred there by their general practitioners, 5 per cent by their families and 3 per cent through their faculties; the remainder (41 per cent) were self-referred. Male patients represented 2·8 per cent of the male students, but female patients only 0·9 per cent of the female students. In faculties dealing with...

Abstract The western part of the Shuqra volcanic field consists of a wide area of geologically recent alkali basalt flows and numerous cinder cones, overlying a faulted monoclinal sequence of Jurassic limetones dipping towards the Gulf of Aden and themselves overlying Precambrian basement. The volcanic activity is substantially younger than the series of central vent volcanoes forming the Aden line somewhat to the west along the coast, and the volcanic products are more uniformly basaltic...

I use the example of the 2000 US Presidential election to show that political controversies with technical underpinnings are not resolved by technical means. Then, drawing from examples such as climate change, genetically modified foods, and nuclear waste disposal, I explore the idea that scientific inquiry is inherently and unavoidably subject to becoming politicized in environmental controversies. I discuss three reasons for this. First, science supplies contesting parties with their own...

The report focuses on the concept of mental illness among Nigerian medical students. It also deals with their attitudes toward patients who might share a magicoreligious orientation in the etiology of illness as well as their reaction to the interplay between traditional and modern medicine. To this end, students in the penultimate and final years at four medical schools were surveyed (such students would have been sufficiently exposed to various specialties in the field of medicine,...

In 1899 seventeen-year old Ahmad Lutfī al-Sayyid (1872–1963) nearly entered the Cairo School of Engineering instead of the School of Law. 1 Had he done so, he might never have climbed to fame as a writer, educator, and cabinet minister. An occasional engineer did reach national prominence in Egypt during the first half of the twentieth century, but it was the lawyers who ran the show. Upon entering law school in the fall of 1889, Lutfī had as colleagues three future prime ministers (Ismā'īl...

In representative series of Sout African Black, Indian and White High School pupils of 18 years, data were secured on weight, height and triceps skinfold. Values among Black boys were significantly lower than those among White boys. Yet, obesity was far commoner among Black compared with White girls. Among Indian pupils, there were no significant differences in mean anthropometric values between groups relatively affluent and relatively poor. Values on Indian boys were similar to those of...

Three quarters of deliveries in Ghana are still attended by untrained personnel, including traditional birth attendants (TBA's), and maternal mortality remains high. The Ministry of Health is exploring ways of improving this situation. Recently, training traditional birth attendants to improve maternal and child health practices and promote family planning has been considered. Most TBA's in rural Ghana are elderly illiterate farmers. The Danfa Project has identified and trained 57 of these...

With respect to investment in education, two important questions need to be examined. The first is concerned with the amount to be invested in primary and secondary schools, and the institutions of higher learning, and the second relates to the distribution of total costs among the state, private institutions, and those who receive education. This short article first evaluates the existing formal educational system in Sierra Leone with the help of the cost-benefit technique. In order to...

With respect to investment in education, two important questions need to be examined. The first is concerned with the amount to be invested in primary and secondary schools, and the institutions of higher learning, and the second relates to the distribution of total costs among the state, private institutions, and those who receive education. This short article first evaluates the existing formal educational system in Sierra Leone with the help of the cost-benefit technique. In order to...

Though the culture of Evaluation boasts of hyperdimensional forms concerning international and national organizations, which are occupied with education programs for the Third World, yet the empirico-theoretical examinations of norms, hypotheses, effects of transfer and social byproducts of educational work, are in fact nonexistent1 for the general theme-complex and for the evaluation of African school reform. The present study2 claims to present a comprehensive evaluation of school reform...

In this article we show that there are two more or less distinct orientations toward the citizenship role — one which stresses traditional notions of patriotism and another which emphasises more critical, active participation in the political process. These two orientations seem central since how one rates the citizenship requirements relates to both self‐identification and perceptions of social power. Our results shed light on national identity within a sample consisting largely of...