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Using panel village census data from Senegal, we assess the impact of a decentralized agricultural development program—the Programme de Services Agricoles et Organisations de Producteurs (PSAOP)—on membership and assortative matching in community-based organizations (CBOs). We find that channeling agricultural assistance through CBOs makes these organizations more inclusive in the sense that several tradition-bound assortative matching patterns are broken: homophily in ethnicity and wealth...

AbstractAbstractViolence continues to be a major challenge in South African schools. The carrying of knives, guns and other weapons to school has become part of the daily life for many learners. These incidents highlight the extent of violence and crime experienced in South African communities, a factor which negatively impacts education and the maintenance of discipline in schools across the country. Despite the existence of official policies and protocols, violence, physical and sexual...

In resource-limited countries, people with disabilities seem to be particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to barriers to accessing information and services, frequent exposure to sexual violence and social exclusion. However, they have often been left behind in the HIV response, probably because of the lack of reliable epidemiological data measuring this vulnerability. Multiple challenges in conducting good quality epidemiological surveys on people with disabilities require innovative...

Dear Editor in ChiefMedical residency is an enriching experience; it is a required process to prepare for a solid career and personal growth of the young medical staff. In a developing country, where material and human resources are limited, the resident is compelled to overinvest in order to achieve satisfaction. In view to manage the feeling of helplessness in this complex system, psychosocial coping is required. Burnout syndrome has been described as an inability to cope with emotional...

The relationship between education and public policy is two way: (1) economic development of a nation depends on the human capital produced by the education system of that nation and (2) public spending and management of the education system is crucial to the welfare of the nation. Changes in this relationship generate public concerns about university governance and its implications to national development. Therefore, this study explores the questions: (1) Have the role and purpose of...

In Europe, there is concern that climate change will cause significant impacts around the Mediterranean. The goals of this study are to quantify the economic risk to crop production, to demonstrate the variability of yield by soil texture and climate model and to investigate possible adaptation strategies. In the Rio Mannu di San Sperate watershed, located in Sardinia (Italy) we investigate production of wheat, a rainfed crop. In the Chiba watershed located in Cap Bon (Tunisia), we analyze...

New, high-precision 40Ar/39Ar ages from volcanic rocks in northwestern Kenya are provided for some areas of exposure in this remote area. We report seven 40Ar/39Ar ages generated from single crystal total fusion experiments on alkali feldspar separated from volcanic rocks in the Mogila, Songot, and Lokwanamur Ranges and the Gatome valley. A rhyolite from the lower part of the sequence in the Mogila Range yielded ages of 32.31 ± 0.06 Ma and 32.33 ± 0.07 Ma, and a rhyolite near the top of that...

This article provides the history of Catholic state-aided schooling in Zambia for over a century. It notes how the Catholic Church came to view its school to be a pivotal means of church development. By cooperation with the state it entered more fully into the nation’s future by offering high-quality state-sponsored schooling. This proved to engender its acceptance because this is what the younger generation of Zambians treasured. Progressively, the Catholic school faced a major challenge by...

The purpose of this qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study is to explore and describe the perception of secondary school learners regarding the use of illicit drugs and to propose recommendations to caregivers and school teachers that could help curb illicit drugs use. Purposive sampling was used to identify twelve secondary school learners who participated in this study. Data were collected through in-depth individual face-to-face interviews, drawings and field notes....

This study sought to understand the relationship between vocational identity, career future concern, personal goal orientation, perceived social support, career self-efficacy, and career adapt-abilities, and also the significant predictors of career adapt-abilities among technical and vocational education (TVE) students in colleges of education in Nigeria respectively. The study used 603 TVE students from six randomly selected colleges of education in Nigeria. The selected TVE students, who...

<h3>Objectives</h3> The Enhancing Human Resources and Use of Appropriate Training for Maternal and Perinatal Survival in sub-Saharan Africa (ETATMBA) project is training non-physician clinicians as advanced clinical leaders in emergency maternal and newborn care in Tanzania and Malawi. The main aims of this process evaluation were to explore the implementation of the programme of training in Tanzania, how it was received, how or if the training has been implemented into practice and the...

During late 2010, 36 trainees including 19 assistant medical officers (AMOs) 1 senior clinical officer (CO) and 16 nurse midwives/nurses were recruited from districts across rural Tanzania and invited to join the Enhancing Human Resources and Use of Appropriate Technologies for Maternal and Perinatal Survival in the sub-Saharan Africa (ETATMBA) training programme. The ETATMBA project was training associate clinicians (ACs) as advanced clinical leaders in emergency obstetric care. The...

Eating thrice daily is essential as skipping of meal is not good.** Self-preparation of food is safer to buying from food sellers.** Food should always be accessible for a healthy and active life.** Nutrient dense food is of great benefit to HIV patients.** Diverse diet is of great benefit to HIV patients.** It is essential to seek periodic nutritional assessment.** Multivitamins and mineral supplements should be put into consideration by HIV patients.** Inappropriate weight loss is harmful...

Opportunities for continuous coaching and supervision of young health volunteers are lacking in low- and middle-income countries. Programs lack funding and volunteers lack time to devote to high quality training and mentoring. Recent studies indicate that use of mobile phones improve communication between health volunteers and trained program leaders. Previous studies also demonstrate that mobile applications such as WhatsApp can be an efficient, low-cost mechanism for information exchange,...