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Two local barley strains cv. Ardhaoui originated from Tlalit and Switir, sourthern Tunisia were grown in pots in a glasshouse assay, under well-watered conditions for a month. Plants were then either subjected to water deficit (treatment) or continually well-watered (control). Control pots were irrigated several times each week to maintain soil moisture near field capacity (FC), while stress pots experienced soil drying by withholding irrigation until they reached 50% of FC. Variation in...

Stress is an unavoidable part of everyday life due to the demands and stressors associated with modern lifestyle. Health risks provoked by this increasingly prevalent condition lead to cardiovascular disease, which ultimately results in a poor health status. Studies have confirmed that there is a correlation between a person’s lifestyle and stress levels: sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of developing various cardiovascular conditions. Improved physical fitness is one of the lifestyle...

Physical Education and sport has a natural place in education whether the approach is formal or informal. Providing learners with the opportunity to play sport at school and to participate in Physical Education ensure that they receive education that addresses the body, mind and spirit. Participation in sport and physical activities in the education environment involves, next to enjoyment, a range of risks. Unfortunately incidents of injuries and accidents that could have been prevented do...

This study explores gender dimensions in the teaching and learning of vocational business education (VBE) in Nigerian senior secondary schools. The focus is on classroom participation of VBE boys and girls in commerce and economics class discussions in the schools. The study sets out to explore the VBE experience of girls, as compared with boys and was surprised to discover that although girls still experience gender inequality, they dominate classroom talk in many instances and have...

Introduction In a developing economy like Nigeria, the state of unemployment has given rise to increased rural urban migration for job opportunities. Most developing countries have similar economic conditions whereby government is heavily relied upon as the sole provider of the means of production and livelihood. Moreover, youth restiveness, coupled with high incidences of criminality alongside high poverty levels have resulted in declining standards of living. Given the above indices,...

This study discusses the vital roles that religion and language played in the transition and transformation of education in northern Nigeria during British colonial rule, 1900-1960. It traces the history of early contacts between European explorers and traders with the people of northern Nigeria and the Sokoto Caliphate before the establishment of colonial rule. In particular, the study discusses the colonial administration’s policies on religion and language and how they were used as...

This cross country summary of the findings from the endline study conducted for the TEGINT project highlights a number of issues of particular pertinence to the community of policy makers, practitioners, and researchers concerned with gender equality, rights and girls’ education. Firstly, the considerable expansion of education provision at primary and junior secondary levels enhances girls’ enrolment, attendance, progression, attainment and empowerment. However, there are regional and...

Introduction: There are concerning trends for a decline in time spent in physical activity and physical education and increased sedentary time in South African schoolchildren. ‘HealthKick’ is a primary school-based intervention for low-income settings that aims to promote healthy eating and physical activity through Action Planning. We were particularly interested in school break-time, as a possible target for intervention. Factors that have previously been shown to positively influence...

The theory of “resource scarcity” dominates the debate on “ecoviolence” in pastoral areas, where conflicts among communities have traditionally been linked to competition over scarce resources and invariably drought because of its role in resource depletion. However, the notion that climate change and resultant resource scarcity directly prompt violent conflict has been challenged by the notion that conflict actually coincide with periods of resource abundance. These contesting views point...

Zimbabwe is suffering from an acute shortage of teachers mainly as a result of teacher emigration to South Africa and abroad. The southern migration of Zimbabwean teachers has received little research attention which has mainly focused on the migration of medical personnel. The purpose of this study is to uncover the factors that drive the migration of teachers from Zimbabwe to South Africa and to explain how these factors function within a grounded theory approach to teacher migration. To...

Understanding factors that motivate individuals to participate in recreation and sport is important, considering the fact that South Africa is largely an inactive nation with only 51.7% of youth aged 16-20 years taking part in sport and recreational activities (Department of Sport and Recreation, 2005). During leisure, adolescents have the opportunity to experiment with different behaviour that can lead to the development of either positive or negative behaviour. It is therefore worrying...

Understanding how and why farmers have responded to past climatic change is a necessary step to informing how to support current and future adaptation. This paper explores commercial farmers' perceptions of and responses to shifting climates in the Little Brak River area along South Africa's south coast. It aims to evaluate changes in the climate experienced in the area by comparing quantitative statistical analyses of temperature, rainfall and wind data recorded from 1967 to 2009, with...

Understanding how and why farmers have responded to past climatic change is a necessary step to informing how to support current and future adaptation. This paper explores commercial farmers' perceptions of and responses to shifting climates in the Little Brak River area along South Africa's south coast. It aims to evaluate changes in the climate experienced in the area by comparing quantitative statistical analyses of temperature, rainfall and wind data recorded from 1967 to 2009, with...

Understanding how and why farmers have responded to past climatic change is a necessary step to informing how to support current and future adaptation. This paper explores commercial farmers' perceptions of and responses to shifting climates in the Little Brak River area along South Africa's south coast. It aims to evaluate changes in the climate experienced in the area by comparing quantitative statistical analyses of temperature, rainfall and wind data recorded from 1967 to 2009, with...

Understanding how and why farmers have responded to past climatic change is a necessary step to informing how to support current and future adaptation. This paper explores commercial farmers' perceptions of and responses to shifting climates in the Little Brak River area along South Africa's south coast. It aims to evaluate changes in the climate experienced in the area by comparing quantitative statistical analyses of temperature, rainfall and wind data recorded from 1967 to 2009, with...

Australia’s regional refugee resettlement policy has led to increasing numbers of refugees settling in regional areas. This trend has had a major impact upon regions, yet few studies have examined its implications for regional schools. This article reports on findings from focus groups conducted with mainstream and English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers at a previously ethnically homogenous regional secondary school, which had experienced a major increase in students of refugee...