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Secondary school principals play a key role in decision-making leading to students’ academic performance. There was a decline in the percentage of the examination candidates from Kakamega County who were selected to join public universities from the year 2011 to 2015. This study intended to establish the relationship between students’ involvement in decision-making by principals and academic performance. Respondents were sampled by simple random sampling. Pre-testing of instruments of data...

The implementation of inclusive education came into effect after the adoption of the White Paper 6 (2001) which became a blueprint for enhancing access and equity by dealing or removing barriers to effective teaching and learning. The process of implementing inclusive education came with new demands for different kinds of skills on part of the school leadership to deal with diversity management. Therefore, this chapter conceptualizes the notion of inclusive education and highlights some of...

Chapter 1 conceptualizes the notion of school leadership. It provides a historical overview of the evolution of school leadership pre- and post-apartheid education periods. The literature review on leadership models is presented. The chapter highlights the leadership models prevalent and applicable within the South African school context and how leadership approaches has changed over time. The analysis of the strengths and shortcoming of leadership models within the South African school...

<p>Quantifying past changes in extreme precipitation is crucial to understand the climate response and improve our projections. Due to the limited data availability, information about Africa is of particular interest. We combine high-resolution satellite estimates (CHIRPSv2) with an innovative approach for the detection and attribution of trends in extremes (both annual maxima and rarer events, such as the 100-year return levels) to investigate changes in daily precipitation...

As part of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strategy in South Africa, it is essential to have information on HPV prevalence, and HPV types distribution among the unvaccinated population. Information on the prevalence of HPV and the distribution of HPV types in adolescents and young women in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province is minimal. Therefore, this study investigates the prevalence, distribution of HPV types, and factors associated with HPV infection amongst unvaccinated...

<p>In contrast to the German power supply, the energy supply in many West African countries is very unstable. Frequent power outages are not uncommon. Especially for critical infrastructures, such as hospitals, a stable power supply is vital. To compensate for the power outages, diesel generators are often used. In the future, these systems will increasingly be supplemented by PV systems and storage, so that the generator will have to be used less or not at all when needed. For...

Making schools effective has been a process driven by school leaders with an aim to undo the legacy of ineffectiveness and dysfunctionality of schools during the struggle period. The notions of school effectiveness and improvement are defined. A comprehensive literature is reviewed on the concepts of school effectiveness and improvement. A historical overview of the past efforts to improve the effectiveness of schools in South Africa is highlighted. The chapter identifies challenges and...

Young is a key stage in rapid biological and psychosocial changes affecting every aspect of the lives and an important time to set the foundation for good health in adulthood. Adolescent-parent communication is a potential path for improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes for adolescents, most of parents did not teach their adolescents about sexual and reproductive health. Even though, some researches have been done on day time students, there is no study conducted focusing on young...

A case study on the role of extrinsic factors (hygiene factors) and socio-demographic factors in determining morale and job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary schools in Tanzania was undertaken. Biographical variables pertaining to teachers’ age, sex, marital status and work experience were investigated to determine whether they had any significant contribution on the level of morale and job satisfaction experienced. Morale and job satisfaction has been perceived differently by...

Background: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the viruses that causes high mortality rates worldwide, and if not detected and treated early, it may lead to fatal complications such as cervical cancer and breast cancer. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of female students regarding the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccines at a selected University in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative approach was adopted in this...

The objective of this study is the analysis of the sensitivity of the statistical This study focuses on the analysis of the sensitivity of the statistical models of extremes according to the climatic context. It was based on annual maximum daily rainfall data and annual rainfall data collected over the period 1931-2010 from twenty-six (26) rainfall stations in Ivory Coast. The methodological approach is based on the one hand on the characterization of the climatic context based on annual...

Community resources and the ability to organise them in times of challenges are essential in resilience. This study investigated the resilience of the Nigerian community in Auckland to the risk of natural hazards. Auckland has a multi-hazard landscape and an increasing rate of urbanisation which encompasses diverse communities and nationalities. The study examined five resources, the social, economic, communication, disaster competency and physical resources to determine the resilience of...

The rising cases of delinquency among male teenagers is a feedback of sorts that the family system that is the nurturing context of children has failed to effectively protect the teenagers against negative influences. The scenario, has brought the nurturing role of parents into sharp focus. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of the parenting styles on male juvenile delinquency at the Kamiti Youth Correction and Training Center (KYCTC), which is within Kiambu County,...

<p>This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method design to examine basic school teachers’ classroom assessment conceptions in the Sissala East Municipality in the Upper West Region of Ghana. In particular, the study examined the classroom assessment practices of teachers and their demographic characteristics that influence their assessment practices. Quantitative data gathered from 203 respondents were analyzed using mean, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA. In the...

Discipline in schools has become one of the topics on the headlines about news from the South African schools. School leaders are expected to be on top of their business regarding discipline and orderliness in schools. However, the legal framework governing disciplinary measures is dependent on the legal framework. This chapter conceptualizes and puts the notion of the legal status of teacher and school leaders in South Africa into perspective. This phenomenon is discussed in relation to...

The advent of technology has brought a change in the dynamics of second language teaching and learning. WhatsApp has been a common tool used among students for communicating and chatting with friends, peers, and relatives. Its commonality may be because of its easy installation as mobile application on mobile devices. Educators are beginning to explore its potentials toward seeing how it can help students in their learning. Since it is apparently a novel tool in the education sector, its...

Abstract Background Accelerated epigenetic aging using DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers has been reported in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH), but limited data are available among African Americans (AA), women, and older PWH. Methods DNAm was measured using Illumina EPIC Arrays for 107 (69 PWH and 38 HIV-seronegative controls) AA adults ≥60 years in New York City. Six DNAm-based biomarkers of aging were estimated: (1) epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), (2) extrinsic...

<p>Distance learning is assuming a greater value in professional training both because of its lower cost compared to face-to-face learning and for the opportunities it provides in periods when trainee displacement is hindered by socio-political or health emergencies (e.g. the recent covid-19 pandemic). Moreover, distance learning allows us to create lasting learning resources that otherwise would not be continuously available for trainees. During recent years, the World...