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Blindness due to refractive errors is a substantial public health problem in many parts of the world. Its presence implies inadequate eye care services in the population concerned since treatment of refractive errors is probably the simplest and most cost effective of eye care interventions. Studies on barriers to uptake of optical services among school children are few all over the world. Yet recommendations from studies on refractive errors may not be meaningful if children with detected...

Abstract Abstract The gender inequalities that characterise intimate partner relationships in Malawi, a country with one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world, arguably place marriage as an important risk factor for HIV infection among women, yet few studies detail the complex interactions of marriage and risk. In order to develop HIV-prevention interventions that have lasting impacts in such communities, we need a deeper understanding of the intricacies of women's lives, how and...

We report the first complete bulk gas chemistry and nitrogen isotope data for geothermal volatiles from the Rungwe Volcanic Province, located in the western branch of the East African Rift north of Lake Malawi. Temperatures of springs and gas emissions at Rungwe vary from 13 °C to 65 °C with the highest temperatures observed at the springs in the northern and southern lowlands. The vigorously degassing cold CO2 vents and springs have temperatures between 13 °C and 36 °C and are located at...

Early neonatal mortality has remained high and unchanged for many years in Tanzania, a resource-limited country. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a novel educational program using basic interventions to enhance delivery room stabilization/resuscitation, has been developed to reduce the number of these deaths.Master trainers from the 3 major referral hospitals, 4 associated regional hospitals, and 1 district hospital were trained in the HBB program to serve as trainers for national...

AbstractContemporary research studies appreciate the importance and value of indigenous knowledge forms as a major resource in mobilizing and transforming marginal societies particularly those in developing African countries because a large proportion of their populations is still dependant and sustained by contextual or indigenous knowledge forms. A deep understanding of the form and content of indigenous knowledge is a prerequisite in designing relevant and appropriate education systems to...

The study investigated the influence of local cultures or superstitions on pupils with physical disabilities’ participation in sports and the Physical Education curriculum. The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which the invisible hand of culture impedes the implementation of the inclusive policy in primary schools in Zimbabwe. The data to address the research questions was collected by means of a descriptive survey and a literature review. More precisely, a...

This paper focuses on the student-related factors that influence performance of students in Biology in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Eldoret municipality. The study was conducted through an ex-post facto design. A total of ten secondary schools were sampled. Target respondents were Form Three students and teachers of Biology (those teaching Form Three) within the municipality. The study sample (which was made up of 225 respondents; 200 students and 25 teachers) was obtained...

This paper identifies and discusses the teacher-related factors and how they influence performance in Biology, as a science subject, based on a research done in Eldoret Municipality. The study was conducted through an ex post facto design. A total of ten secondary schools (out of 30) were selected to make up the sample. Target respondents were form three students and teachers of Biology (those teaching form three) within the municipality of Eldoret. The study sample of 225 respondents, 200...

This paper explores the parents' child preference for education of pre-school age going children in Miriga Mieru West Division of Imenti North County, Kenya. To establish this parent's demographic information on marital status, religion, age, education level and child preference was collected. The findings are discussed in this paper.

This article presents the attitude of lecturers towards the visually impaired students in one of the universities in the Limpopo Province. First, it is argued that the experience of a visual impairment by a student has a greater effect on the strategies and methodologies used for instruction than on the curricular content to which the student is exposed. Specialized instructional strategies facilitate the visually impaired students’ successful participation within regular education...

The study findings showed that, the introduction of ICT education as a subject in the secondary school curriculum is a good government’s policy that will bring in every secondary school graduate to the use of internet, world of employment creativity, knowledge and use of internet and other related technologies for national development.

To determine factors associated with smoking among university students in Cameroon.A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire among a convenience sample of 3000 students from three universities (the Université des Montagnes, and the Universities of Douala and Yaounde 1) in Cameroon; 190 students (5.9%) did not consent to the survey. Socio-demographic characteristics and smoking trends were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify...

This study aims to assess the economic impact of climate change on crop farming activities in the Sudano-Sahelian Area of Cameroon. The study uses the Ricardian model and is based on farm data generated from a survey carried out in the framework of the ESA (Water-Soil-Tree) project between 2008 and 2009 on producers in 10 villages of the Lake Lagdo watershed. The results from this analysis indicate that an annual increase in temperature will have a negative impact on irrigated and dry land...

Abstract Students often drop out of university because they were not yet ready for higher education studies. This article reports on research done on the perceptions of a group of students of the role that their gap year had played in preparing them for higher education studies. The research approach was qualitative. Data was gathered by means of 34 interviews. The findings revealed that the participants mostly took a gap year because they were uncertain about a field of study or career...

This paper focuses on the application of crossword puzzles in the teaching of vocabulary in English as Second Language (ESL) classrooms. A pre-test was used to measure the learners’ previous knowledge of English vocabulary in a Form 2 class. The pretest was marked and recorded. A comprehension passage was composed by the researchers and read by both the control and experimental classes. While the control class was exposed to the Traditional Lexical Pedagogy in the teaching of vocabulary the...

This study investigated perceived CRSs (conflict resolution strategies) for the resolution of conflicts in non-government secondary schools in Benue State, Nigeria. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided this study. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used in drawing 15% of the population which gave a total of 500 respondents. The instrument used was CRSs questionnaire. This was used to collect data from respondents comprising principals, teachers,...