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Education for All (EFA) by 2015 is one of eight Millennium Development Goals to which 189 countries committed themselves in 2000 as part of the effort to reduce poverty and improve the welfare of their populations. In some countries, reaching these goals will require more resources than their governments can mobilize from the domestic economy. This paper estimates that for 33 of Africa's poorest countries, the aggregate gap is about $2.1 billion annually between 2001 and 2015 (including the...

Abstract One of the key phases in ‘the action research cycle’ is reflection (Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988; McNiff, 1988). The extension of teachers' reflective capabilities is one of the stated goals of the University of the Witwatersrand's teacher education programmes. In this article aspects of the findings of a 3-year research project, which investigated teachers' ‘take-up’ from a mixed-mode, inservice professional development programme initiated by the university in 1996 are discussed. The...

We have studied induced seismicity associated with five deep gold mines located in the Far West Rand district, Republic of South Africa, focusing on the digital data recorded from January 1994 until February 2000 by in-mine arrays of three-component geophones. The observed seismicity, which exceeds 1,000 events per day, can be divided into two kinds of events, designated as Types A and B. Type A events are tightly clustered in time and space and generally occur within 100 m of an active...

We have studied induced seismicity associated with five deep gold mines located in the Far West Rand district, Republic of South Africa, focusing on the digital data recorded from January 1994 until February 2000 by in-mine arrays of three-component geophones. The observed seismicity, which exceeds 1,000 events per day, can be divided into two kinds of events, designated as Types A and B. Type A events are tightly clustered in time and space and generally occur within 100 m of an active...

We have studied induced seismicity associated with five deep gold mines located in the Far West Rand district, Republic of South Africa, focusing on the digital data recorded from January 1994 until February 2000 by in-mine arrays of three-component geophones. The observed seismicity, which exceeds 1,000 events per day, can be divided into two kinds of events, designated as Types A and B. Type A events are tightly clustered in time and space and generally occur within 100 m of an active...

We have studied induced seismicity associated with five deep gold mines located in the Far West Rand district, Republic of South Africa, focusing on the digital data recorded from January 1994 until February 2000 by in-mine arrays of three-component geophones. The observed seismicity, which exceeds 1,000 events per day, can be divided into two kinds of events, designated as Types A and B. Type A events are tightly clustered in time and space and generally occur within 100 m of an active...

In this paper we describe and discuss the language practices of mathematics, science and English language teachers and learners in a sample of urban and rural, primary and secondary schools in South Africa. We focus particularly on the reception and production of language through code-switching, exploratory talk and discourse-specific talk. We situate the article in the policy and practice environment of post-apartheid South African education in which additive bi/multilingualism is...

In this paper we describe and discuss the language practices of mathematics, science and English language teachers and learners in a sample of urban and rural, primary and secondary schools in South Africa. We focus particularly on the reception and production of language through code-switching, exploratory talk and discourse-specific talk. We situate the article in the policy and practice environment of post-apartheid South African education in which additive bi/multilingualism is...

In this paper we describe and discuss the language practices of mathematics, science and English language teachers and learners in a sample of urban and rural, primary and secondary schools in South Africa. We focus particularly on the reception and production of language through code-switching, exploratory talk and discourse-specific talk. We situate the article in the policy and practice environment of post-apartheid South African education in which additive bi/multilingualism is...

In this paper we describe and discuss the language practices of mathematics, science and English language teachers and learners in a sample of urban and rural, primary and secondary schools in South Africa. We focus particularly on the reception and production of language through code-switching, exploratory talk and discourse-specific talk. We situate the article in the policy and practice environment of post-apartheid South African education in which additive bi/multilingualism is...

SUMMARY Parent involvement and parent expectations are fundamental to academic success. However, much of the research has been with elementary school aged children; consequently, we know less about the influence of parent involvement and parent expectations on the academic achievement of middle school students, and we have even less information for African American (AA) students. Do parent involvement and parent expectations have a similar effect on later Grade Point Average (GPA) for...

Participation, a 'buzzword' in social development in both developed and developing countries, has several different interpretations in terms of purpose, form and implication. For instance, parents are encouraged to participate individually in choosing the school for their own children, and they are expected to participate collectively in school development through the work of school governing bodies. Furthermore, participation in education is often considered to be a means of assuring...

This handbook provides a guide to assist African American parents of children with learning disabilities to become advocates for their children and raise awareness about learning differences. An introductory section notes the disproportionate risk of African American boys for being labeled mentally retarded and placed in special education. The guide then goes on to explain what a learning disability is, types of learning disability, the Individuals .with Disabilities Education Act, accessing...

Secondary education holds a privileged position in all education systems. placed between. In most African countries, however, secondary education is facing three common problems: inadequate infrastructures, improper equipment, and limited laboratories and qualified staff. Despite this, society in increasingly demanding that secondary education prepare students for jobs and prepare them for higher education. To these two missions is added a third complex one: setting up admission structures...

Abstract A causal model for understanding the complex interplay between student‐reported teacher behaviors, student self‐systems, and student engagement was tested. One hundred seventeen African American students in grades 1 through 12 completed a comprehensive questionnaire regarding teacher context, self, and engagement variables. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized mediation models and to construct a path model. Most hypotheses were...

This research addresses the role of classroom discourse in supporting children’s learning in Kenyan primary schools. Using a triangulated research approach, I explored the teachers’ practice and perceptions of their discourse strategies. This study involved the development of a classroom observation framework, a questionnaire schedule and a semi-structured teacher interview; this led to the generation of both qualitative and quantitative data. In developing the research instruments, 1...

The plio-quaternary aquifer of Essaouira's synclinal zone constitutes one of the main water resources for the rural and urban population in the area. This shallow aquifer is extensively exploited through both traditional and equipped wells. The latter provide 47% of the drinking water of Essaouira city. On the other hand, the aquifer is affected by the severe drought of 1995, whose effects are still felt today in spite of the two rainy hydrological cycles of 1996 and 1997. Qualitatively,...