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Potential stressors during early adolescence include physical characteristics (related to puberty), peer acceptance, and familial expectations. Pubertal timing and stressful experiences have previously been identified as effecting academic achievement. This study examines the impact of these constructs on adolescents’ learning experiences and behaviors as potential mediators of achievement variables. Stressful experiences include negative life events and the experience of hassles....

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the exercise tolerance, body composition and blood lipids in African-American women, possessing greater than or equal to 30% body fat, following six weeks of endurance training.Oxygen consumption (VO2), central hemodynamics, blood lipids, body weight, body fat, and the body mass index of seven subjects (21.0 +/- 0.8 yrs) were studied. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), exercise duration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate...

In a nationwide survey of schistosomiasis conducted in Mali from 1984 to 1989, 56265 individuals from 323 villages had their urine examined parasitologically using a filtration technique. From a sample of 242 children in 3 villages, aged 7 to 14 years, urine samples were collected and tested for haematuria using reagent strips. Analysis of the age-specific prevalence rates of Schistosoma haematobium infection showed a strong positive correlation between the prevalence rate in the 7-14...

Drought is one of the major environmental disasters in southern Africa. In recent years, the damage from droughts to the environment and economies of some countries was extensive, and the death toll of livestock and wildlife was unprecedented. Weather data often come from a very sparse meteorological network, incomplete and/or not always available in good time to enable relatively accurate and timely large scale drought detection and monitoring. Therefore, data obtained from the Advanced...

Abstract Boys in general, and Black boys in particular, are being excluded from school in ever increasing and disproportionate numbers, drawing attention to the need for a closer examination of the interrelationship between ‘race’ and gender. Clearly, young Black masculinities are not expressed in isolation, but are, amongst other influences, informed and shaped by school processes. Within schools, the ways in which masculinities are portrayed plays a major part in the relationships that...

Observations of P‐SV converted waves provide new insights on the structure of the lithosphere beneath the Chyulu Hills, a Quaternary volcanic field on the SE shoulder of the Kenya rift (East Africa). A 3D teleseismic delay‐time tomography and a seismic refraction model revealed a zone of reduced P‐wave velocity (−3.5%) extending from the lower crust into the uppermost mantle (limited to about 70 km depth). In this paper, waveform and particle‐motion analyses are used to identify P‐SV...

An extensive survey of 110 randomly selected secondary schools in Uganda provided information on teaching and facilities. Questionnaires completed by 214 teachers and 630 students on attitudes towards secondary education and science education provided insight into perceptions of the role in general and science education in particular. Equivalent questionnaires were also completed by samples of parents, employers, employees and early school leavers. While there was considerable consensus...

This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of progesterone on gallbladder smooth muscle in guinea pigs. Adult male guinea pigs were treated with either progesterone (2 mg.kg-1.day-1) or saline for 7 days. Gallbladder muscle cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. Contractile responses to agonists were expressed as percent shortening from control cell length. [35S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([35S]GTP gamma S)-binding properties of G proteins...

There are two principal rationales for doctoral training of African scientists in health: 1) these scientists are essential for the nations of sub-Saharan Africa to define and implement their own health priorities, and 2) the research they perform is essential for development. However, this training is difficult because of its expense (> $20,000 per year), because many developed country mentors are unaware of the realities of research in sub-Saharan Africa, and because major differences in...

The academic support service provided by the library is critical to the attainment of the University’s central mission of teaching, research and service. This paper contributes to the quest for appropriate approaches for the training and development of academic librarians to ensure that the important role assigned to the library is fulfilled. It discusses schemes available in Ghana for equipping academic librarians with the requisite training and skills to enable them to fulfil their roles...

The prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were studied in a tribal community with an apparently high diabetes prevalence. A sample of 724 subjects aged > or = 25 years was selected using a multi-stage cluster method and underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The crude prevalence of DM and IGT were 8.3% (men 9.9%; women 7.5%) and 7.9% (men 4.1%; women 9.7%), respectively. Age-adjusted prevalence rates, according to the standard...

It is important that an instrument to be used in a study should be reliable and valid. When these conditions are fulfilleQ, the study's internal validity is, to some extent, ascertained. Both validity and reliability were highlighted in the construction of the attitude scale on Kenyan Secondary Christian Religious Education teachers and students. The data collected were reduced by two Religious Education experts from the School of Education, King's College London and by the use of factor...

The purpose of this study was to examine the presence and severity of eating disorder pathology in students representing South Africa's ethnically and culturally diverse population.A questionnaire survey, which involved the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test, was administered to 1,435 South African college students (739 Caucasian and 696 non-Caucasian) from six universities in two urban centers.Black students scored significantly higher than the other ethnic groups on...

PURPOSE: To identify cognitive and noncognitive variables as predictors of the admission into medical school of African American college students who have participated in summer academic enrichment programs (SAEPs). METHOD: The study sample comprised 309 African American college students who participated in SAEPs at the Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine from 1980 to 1989 and whose educational and occupational statuses were determined by follow-up tracking. A three-step logistic...

The article relies on gender concepts and women's perspectives to inform and challenge established understandings of civil society. Based on interviews with women in South Africa, it reaffirms the interconnectedness of the public and private domains and of women's strategic and practical interests. It also demonstrates women's distinct contribution to civil society and the relevance of violence to an evaluation of civil society. The findings also suggest how a gendered approach may...

In patients with type I diabetes mellitus, clinical studies have demonstrated decreased secretion of pancreatic juice by the pancreatic excretory duct system. The cause of this decrease is unknown, but could involve changes in initial signal transduction pathways or one or more of the electrolyte transport components that subserve regulated fluid secretion. We have compared responsiveness to secretin in pancreatic ducts isolated from healthy and diabetic Hartley guinea pigs and also have...