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This study aimed to identify the administrative competencies in light of principals' training needs, and transformational leadership theory. The population of the study included (664) school principals, (16) educational superintendents, and (16) head of sections at the Ministry of Education in the West Bank/ Palestine. Meanwhile the study sample included (67) principals, who were randomly chosen, in addition to 16 superintendents and all the 16 head of sections at the Ministry of Education....

We hypothesized that chronic hypoxia disrupts mitochondrial function via oxidative stress in fetal organs. Pregnant guinea pig sows were exposed to either normoxia or hypoxia (10.5% O2, 14 days) in the presence or absence of the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Near-term anesthetized fetuses were delivered via hysterotomy, and fetal livers, hearts, lungs, and forebrains harvested. We quantified the effects of chronic hypoxia on cytochrome oxidase (CCO) activity and 2 factors known to...

This paper presents results pertaining to the response of the mid-latitude ionosphere to strong geomagnetic storms that occurred from 31 March to 02 April 2001 and 07–09 September 2002. The results are based on (i) Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) derived total electron content (TEC) variations accompanying the storm, (ii) ionosonde measurements of the ionospheric electrodynamic response towards the storms and (iii) effect of storm induced travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) on GPS...

To determine the global profile of pupils and university students who made suicide attempts.We have retrospectively examined 1623 files of pupils and university students who have consulted the psycho-pedagogical unit of psychiatry department « B » of Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax -Tunisia, during this time span from January 1997 to December 2009. We have taken a census 61 of files of those consulting for suicide attempts.The prevalence of suicide attempts in Tunisian pupils and university...

Ghana has undergone significant and ambitious educational reforms in her post-colonial period. As the end of the colonial era approached demand for education became more pressing and the government in 1945 proposed a 10-year plan for further expansion of educational provision. In this plan, universal primary education was targeted to be achieved within 25 years (i.e. by 1970). The next wave of the expansion plan was the 1951 Accelerated Development Plan (ADP) for Education, which also aimed...

Nutrition education intervention on factors influencing food choices was examined, aimed at preventing stomach cancer. Participants comprised of 398 undergraduates from 2 universities randomly classified into control and experimental groups. Intervention comprised of 8 weeks’ lecture on making healthy food choices (one hour weekly). Data was collected using self-developed and self-administered questionnaires before and after the intervention. Nutrition education significantly affected the...

We examined perceived health status and physical and psychological well-being of 3,271 undergraduate students attending eleven faculties in a university in Egypt.During 2009-2010, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that gathered socio-demographic, physical and psychological health data. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from students' measured height and weight. Differences across these variables were computed by gender and participating faculties.Whilst more females...

Livestock farming is one of the most important subsectors of the agricultural economy of developing nations. In Africa, mobile livestock keeping (MLK), or pastoralism, is crucial for rural livelihoods and food security, especially in the arid zones of the continent. With rapid urbanization and population growth, the demand for livestock products far outstrips supply. Climate change will exacerbate the situation because it will affect livestock production systems, and vice versa. This paper...

This study sought to explore University of Ghana Business School diploma student's knowledge of contraceptives, types of contraceptives, attitudes towards contraceptive users, preference for contraceptives, benefits, and side-effects of contraceptives.Data was conducted with three sets of focus group discussions. Participants were systematically sampled from accounting and public administration departments.Findings showed that students had little knowledge of contraceptives. The male and...

Delivery of health services to people with hearing impairment is poorly understood in Nigeria and limited research has been done to throw more light on the process involved. This study described experiences of 167 girls with hearing impairment in accessing reproductive health services in Ibadan using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Almost 95.0% of respondents had ever visited health facility for reproductive...

This is a descriptive study that explores how 702 students from selected secondary schools and a university represent the origin and spread of HIV/AIDS, risks associated with HIV/AIDS, self efficacy and sexual behaviours. The study revealed that where participants attribute the cause and spread of HIV/AIDS to the other, they are more likely to have low risk perception, low self efficacy and unsafe sexual behaviours when the sample is sexually active. The findings have implication for policy making and HIV/AIDS prevention programmes.

Students' reasons for choosing dentistry as a profession have not been well documented, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the reasons why undergraduate Yemeni dental students who attended the University of Science and Technology (UST) chose dentistry as a career. A total of 300 out of 500 responses were recorded for this study, a response rate of 60 percent. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to dental students at UST, and a...

In 2005, a survey was conducted among all the 27 high schools of Aden, which revealed low levels of knowledge on major prevention measures, and a high level of stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV (PLWH). The results served as a baseline for implementing a school-based peer education intervention for HIV prevention in the 27 schools of Aden. In 2008, and after 3 years of implementation, a quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted, which revealed that the peer education...

Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation is prohibited in South Africa. Against legal gains, however, are marked increases in homophobic violence. Schools are deeply implicated in the development of a moral education premised on democracy and sexual equality. This paper sought to examine the ways in which parents situated within diverse social contexts define, regulate and entrench the right to sexual equality, analyzing their implications for moral education in schools. The data...

This paper examines the economic origins of the Islamic revival that took place in Egypt in the 1970-80s, and in Muslim societies more generally. We provide the first systematic evidence of a decline in social mobility among educated youth in Egypt. Developing a behavioral model of religion, we then characterize conditions under which a temporary decline in social mobility produces a large and long-lasting rise in religious participation. Religion in our model helps to cope with loss, which...