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Girl-child education is very important for the overall development of a country. In Nigeria, most especially in the northern part, girls’ enrollment into secondary schools is usually low compared to boys. Girls who enroll end up dropping out for various reasons like teenage pregnancy and early marriage, religious factors, socio-economic factors and school related factors. The focus of this paper is to investigate the challenges of our girls in Abuja, Nigeria viewing some government secondary...

The Ethiopian Field Epidemiology training program started in 2009. Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program is an in-service training program in field epidemiology adapted from United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program. It is a two years field base masters program. The School of Public Health/Addis Ababa University, the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia /Ethiopian Public Health Institute(EPHI),and the...

The increasing use of missionary church records in studies of African human capital formation appears both promising and problematic. We engage with a recent article by Meier zu Selhausen and Weisdorf (2016) to show how selection biases in church record data may provoke overly optimistic accounts of European influences on Africa’s schooling revolution. Confronting their dataset – drawn from the marriage registers of the Anglican ‘Namirembe Cathedral' in Kampala – with Uganda’s 1991 census,...

The increasing use of missionary church records in studies of African human capital formation appears both promising and problematic. We engage with a recent article by Meier zu Selhausen and Weisdorf (2016) to show how selection biases in church record data may provoke overly optimistic accounts of European influences on Africa’s schooling revolution. Confronting their dataset – drawn from the marriage registers of the Anglican ‘Namirembe Cathedral' in Kampala – with Uganda’s 1991 census,...

In the ordinary macro-economic input–output tables, the industrial sector consists of several dozen industries and each industry in a certain sector is an aggregate of many companies in the sector. The sectoral statistics are the sum of statistics of companies in the respective sector. Usually, all sectors have the same set of inputs for producing outputs. For example, they have labour, capital and intermediate input as input and amount of production as output. We can apply traditional DEA...

School support programs reduce school dropout, early marriage, and early pregnancy for a majority of young orphaned women. We used a mixed-methods approach to examine why these programs are less effective for a significant minority by exploring their influence on marriage and health services utilization. Participants were from a randomized controlled trial testing school support as HIV prevention. Half as many intervention as control participants had been married; married intervention...

Stress is a complex concept that for many years has not been taken seriously and hence lacks adequate definition.To some scholars stress is any external stimulus that causes wear and tear on one's psychological or physical well-being.Other scholars define it as tension, pressure, anxiety or worry resulting from one's life events.These definitions imply that stress is a condition arising from the interaction of people and their jobs, characterized by changes within people that force them to...

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and Schistosoma mansoni infections are the major neglected tropical diseases that result in serious consequences on health, education and nutrition in children in developing countries. The Ethiopian Orthodox church students, who are called Yekolotemari in Amharic, live in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. Moreover, they are not included in the national STH control programs. Thus, STH and S. mansoni infections prevalence is unknown. Methods A...

This paper considered the phenomenon of climate change in relation to frequent and intensified flood problems in Uyo, the Capital City of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.Empirical evidence on the onset of climate change in Nigeria was presented.Flood problems worldwide were highlighted, together with their impacts in terms of deaths, economic losses and associated human sufferings.To this end, a detailed rainfall analysis was conducted for the study area, Uyo, using statistical distributions...

The Kenya government banned Mental Harassment in schools as stipulated in The Basic Education Act, 2013.This was as a result of the recommendations of the Task Force on Student Discipline and Unrests in Secondary Schools, which revealed that Mental Harassment was one of the major contributors to indiscipline among students.Despite the ban, the level of indiscipline in schools had remained a major concern in Ugenya, Gem and Siaya sub-counties, where cases of indiscipline for the years 2010...

This chapter examines the role of assets in reducing the vulnerability and building the adaptive capacity and resilience of the urban poor to climate change. It argues that, in order to address the social, economic and environmental dimensions of climate change on the poor, a critical consideration of different but intertwined activities that either erodes or builds their adaptation must be taken into account. The chapter focuses on the Participatory Climate Change Asset Adaptation Framework...

Objective:The study examined the influence of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia on academic performance among tertiary institution female students in Ondo State, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 150 female respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique in the institutions.A validated self-structured questionnaire consisting 2 sections were used for the study.Section A sought the socio-demographic data while section B was designed to elicit information on dymenorrhoea, menorrhgia, and...

As part of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in low-income settings, it is frequently assumed that pupils can disseminate information and catalyze change at home, yet this assumption has not been rigorously assessed. We employed qualitative research methods in two phases to assess the potential for children to be change agents in five schools in rural Zambia. Phase 1 included role-play and focus group discussions among pupils on their percieved ability to serve as change agents....

This chapter presents an ethnographic account of students from an elite school in Kenya who volunteer at a Bible Club for street children and children from poor families. Volunteering is often cast as requiring the construction of a different other and for the students who feature in this chapter, volunteering at the Bible Club is precisely an encounter with the excluded other of their school, ‘the people outside the gates’. The ethnographic account and analysis in this chapter concerns how...

Governments' cuts in research and development funding for public universities in Tanzania has compelled these institutions to establish and develop extensive partnerships and links with universities, and research centers in the North. The establishment of the North-South partnerships has also coincided with the dominance of external and heavy dependence on external donors for funding of research and development activities in the majority of Tanzania public universities. This article, using...