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The influence that the use of a familiar language has on learning has long been explored with suggestions that a child’s mother tongue is the most suited initial language of instruction in school. In Zambia, however, this is not the case as the majority of people think that young children should learn to speak in English as soon as possible because this is the language of education. As a result, songs in English dominate the singing repertoire in pre-schools even when children have not...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the needs of novice teachers and support their leadership role within classrooms and schools. For this research we defined novice teachers as those who are teaching within their first 3 years of professional service after having earned a Bachelor of Education degree. The evidence in the literature clearly shows that, to foster and sustain their leadership within classrooms and schools, novice teachers have specific needs that they require their...

Research was carried out in three discrete regions in England and Africa into the benefits of school principals sharing issues with at least one other leader from another school. Different forms of this inter-school collaboration operated in Birmingham, England, Limpopo province of South Africa and Mtawra province of Tanzania. These ranged from a formally structured model to meeting an informal desire by leaders to gain from others’ expertise. Interviews were carried out with the leaders and...

In this chapter we use intersectionality theory to do a cross-cultural analysis of three black women leaders’ experiences of leadership in relation to their gender and race in the leadership of schools from three different contexts: England, South Africa and the United States. Through a life-history methodology, black women leaders were interviewed using a set of topics that focused on the interviews and allowed some flexibility to follow up interesting unexpected contextual patterns. The...

Holistic integrated early childhood policies foster child well-being in the first 3 years of life. The normative framing of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) entrenches segmentation and creates artificial divides between education and health. This segmentation persists yet development processes for children are intertwined and mutually reinforcing. We trouble this artificial divide by drawing on findings from a study which examined the discursive care spaces in an urban poor locale...

To determine causes of variability in communicable disease prevalence rates among students in secondary schools to inform policy formulation in the public health sector. A representative cluster sample size for students was estimated using Fisher et al.’s formula while schools, sub-counties and education zones were clustered and sample size was calculated based on coefficient of variation by school type. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical examination using standard procedures, and...

Despite major steps towards providing early childhood care and education (ECCE) services in Kenya and Uganda, access to responsive services is still out of reach for many young children, and where available, they are often out of touch with local realities. In this paper, I trouble the universalising and totalising tendencies of the dominant narrative of ECCE as a template of thought and action and highlight the role of indigenous knowledge as a critical but often missing link in ECCE policy...

The aim of this article is to exploit an unusual occurrence whereby a large group of South African grade 3 students were tested twice, 1 month apart, on the same test in different languages. Using a simplified difference-in-difference methodology, it becomes possible to identify the causal impact of writing a test in English when English is not a student’s home language for 3402 students. The article aims to address the extent to which language factors (relative to non- language factors) can...

Intestinal parasitic infections are highly prevalent in developing countries, contributing to high incidence of malnutrition and morbidity. This study aimed to find the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their association with nutritional status of children in Benue State, Nigeria.A cross sectional study conducted from January-June 2016, among 418 school children under-5 years of age. Anthropometric data, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age Z-scores from each...

The indigenous communities in Africa, specifically Kenya, which is the focus of this article, had their own well-developed motivational systems that positively enhanced teaching and learning programmes in the community. These motivational systems were manifested in behaviours that were presented as sequential cultural tasks that demanded active engagement from children at every stage of development. The philosophical tenets of African indigenous education underscored education as preparation...

Abstract Background:Sickle cell anemia (SCA) has been associated with cognitive dysfunction, perhaps in part due to vascular occlusive disease. Increasing evidence suggests that some complications of SCA might also affect those with sickle cell trait (SCT), including chronic and end-stage kidney disease and venous thromboembolism. Thus, SCT may not be a benign condition. Based on data that SCA may influence cognition, we hypothesized that SCT is a risk factor for cognitive impairment in...

This paper explores underlying mechanisms that constrain gender transformation in science education in Zimbabwe. Notwithstanding strides made with regards to gender equality in education, gender disparity is still visible mostly in natural science related disciplines. Focusing on a teacher education department, this paper argues that gender inequality is deeply imbued in the norms of the institution, patriarchy as a culture playing a decisive role in constraining the uptake of gender...

Early Childhood Education for Muslim Children foregrounds the marginalised perspective of Muslim children aged three to five and examines how they are cared for and educated in centre-based provision in two provinces in post-apartheid South Africa. Both theological and social science perspectives are carefully interwoven to make sense of the construction of service provision for Muslims as a minority group in a secular democracy. This book uses a qualitative, reflexive approach to amplify...

Stress situations confronted in anyone’s study and work environment are seen as a chief characteristic of our modern society. Therefore, researchers from different scientific fields, perpetually, are studying this phenomenon and trying, by several tools and methods to suggest an appropriate conceptualization. This hard exercise conducted by researchers emphasize how this concept called stress is related to a complex phenomenon, why its study is significant for many stakeholders (public...

Abstract Background: Limited studies compare the differences in care for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) patients in teaching versus nonteaching hospitals. TTP is a rare, life-threatening disease marked by widespread aggregation of platelets throughout the body, resulting in multi-organ sequelae including neurological dysfunction and renal insufficiency: a timely diagnosis is imperative for successful treatment. Academic centers generally have more individuals involved in each...

This study explores Grade 4 school children’s experiences of cross-sex relationships in a co- educational farm school in uMgungundlovu district in South Africa. The aim is to understand if and how constructions of gender bear on young children’s social relations at the school. Informed by children’s geographies and new sociology of childhood studies, this study uses data from semi-structured interviews and photo-voice imagery based on a qualitative narrative study of three girls and three...

Introduction:Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin secretion, insulin action, or both and accounts for over 95% cases globally.Uncontrolled diabetes may result to complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy leading to amputations, stroke, heart attack and sexual dysfunction), glycated hemoglobin below 7.0% is recommended for good prognosis.The study determined factors associated with glycemic control, among T2DM...