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This article examines changes in the status of women migrants, educated and noneducated, to various urban centers in one Nigerian ethnic group. The migrants are examined in contrast to women who remained residents in the rural home community. The major focus is on male‐female relations in the household. Findings indicate an erosion of the private status or domestic power of educated urban women, living in monogamous, nuclear family households.

Nigeria, like other countries faced with balance of payment difficulties and fall in commodity prices, started implementing a World Bank-sponsored structural adjustment program (SAP) as a strategy for economic recovery and growth. Available evidence has shown that the SAP has lowered real income value and increased malnutrition due to inaccessibility of the poor to nutritious food, with resultant nutritional consequences. Nutrition Education has been acknowledged as the most important method...

The pathological basis of hearing loss in bacterial meningitis was investigated using an animal model of Streptococcus suis meningitis. Forty guinea‐pigs were infected after their hearing had been assessed by brain stem auditory evoked potentials. In 17 animals, it was possible to repeat the procedure at the onset of meningitis; this included one animal with subclinical disease. Fifteen animals showed evidence of hearing loss, which on subsequent histological examination was found to be...

Eighty-three secondary school teachers and headmasters from Masvingo Province in Zimbabwe responded to a questionnaire eliciting their opinions toward implementation of AIDS prevention education programmes in the school setting. Results show that although 79 teachers (95.2 pc) supported implementing AIDS prevention programmes in the school setting, teachers were divided as to what should be taught (content) and when it should be taught (timing). Specific content areas such as the use of...

Some 288 Nigerian high school male adolescents in two different age brackets were administered the perceived somatotype scale and the Tennessee self-concept scale to determine the trend of self-concept ratings among subjects differentiated according to perceived somatotype-self, ideal and self-ideal discrepancy. Series of one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in global self-concept among the perceived somatotype-self (PSS), the perceived somatotype-ideal (PSI) and perceived...

There is relatively little information about the dental health of Libyan children, so this study was initiated to assess the level of oral hygiene and the gingival and periodontal status in children living in urban and rural parts of Libya. Two thousands and fifteen children aged 7-16 years were examined during 1987 using World Health Organization criteria. The oral hygiene was found to be good (mean oral hygiene index = 0.12); boys demonstrated significantly worse oral hygiene than girls (P...

To measure the proportion of nosocomial diarrhea cases associated with Salmonella and Shigella species.Prospective 6-month survey.Tertiary care center in a developing country.Pediatric and adult patients admitted with the previous 24 hours and all consenting adult or pediatric medical patients with nosocomial diarrhea.Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species isolated from rectal swabs at admission and among subjects with nosocomial diarrhea.Salmonella species and Shigella species were...

This article reports normative and psychometric data for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale when used with black South African students. Subjects were 450 undergraduate students in psychology. The reliability, validity, and factor structure of the scale were consistent with previously reported findings. The correlations of CES-Depression Scale scores with certain demographic variables are also reported.

The feasibility of infusing social marketing teaching modules for child survival into school curricula was investigated in Ghana. The topic of the social marketing teaching module was Preventing Protein‐Energy Malnutrition for Child Survival (PEMCOM). The module was developed around a nationally endorsed weaning food, “Weanimix”. PEMCOM interactive lectures were conducted with students at Specialist Teacher Training College, Winneba to test the module. The students had no prior training in...

To understand what people do and why, we need to know something about what they have done. Rarely, however, are social scientists direct observers of all events of interest to them. Hence, most often we rely on information that someone else has collected, more or less systematically, usually for some other purpose. The behavioural revolution in the social sciences, with its shrill cries of ‘falsifiability!’ and ‘reproducibility!’, has pushed us towards the sort of evidence that can be...

There is little doubt that American women are concerned with their appearance. Americans spend billions trying to improve their health, bodies, and appearance. In general we are healthier and more fit than ever, but less satisfied with the way we look (Cash, Winstead, & Janda, 1986). Despite their efforts to attain what is often an unattainable image, many women are dissatisfied with their own appearance. Psychological researchers have rigorously addressed the issue of physical appearance...

The digest of research results from a study of rural Udi area Nigeria in 1988 is presented. 498 women (150 from Amaokwe 144 from Umuabi 120 from Obinagu and 84 from Akpakwume) who had been pregnant between 1986-88 were interviewed. The 25 community area is served by 2 hospitals and 6 maternity centers which do not have hemoglobin or urine analysis or intravenous infusion capability. 68% of the 459 usable interviews registered with a qualified prenatal care service for their last pregnancy...

A factor analytic study of the Career Decision Scale—High School version of Hartman and Hartman on 312 white South African adolescents from Grades 11 and 12 was undertaken. A simple two-factor structure emerged which accounted for 47.36% of the total variance in the scores. These results support the use of the version as a differential measure of career indecision and indicate that the number and structure of factors can change across populations. The implications of these results for research in South Africa are considered.

A 1-year prospective audit of 2233 operations performed by one general surgical unit in a Central African teaching hospital is presented. In addition to the usual 'general surgical' procedures, operations also included emergency craniotomy, reconstructive surgery for open fractures, and hysterectomy. There were 37 (1.7%) postoperative deaths and 45 other deaths in non-operated patients. Ten of 14 deaths due to sepsis in the 20-40-year age group were associated with HIV infection. The...

Abstract The unexpected effect of a synoptic-scale event (passage of a cold front) on the advection of water across the mouth of Small Bay, Saldanha Bay, is recorded. From a current-meter record, it is shown how the strength (> 15m·s−1) and direction (NNE) of the wind relative to the mouth set up a stratified shear flow whereby the out-flowing surface water is replaced by in-flowing bottom water. The potential environmental implications for this type of event are discussed.

Psychologists have much to contribute to HIV prevention. It is important to identify predictors of HIV preventive behaviour and to incorporate this information in AIDS education. The Health Belief Model is an established model of health behaviour that has recently been applied to AIDS prevention. It originally posited that perceptions of susceptibility to, severity of, and solutions to, illness predicted health behaviour. It thus emphasized “disease” dimensions of illness. It was expanded to...