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Tobacco use is responsible for 6 million deaths globally per year, of which 600,000 deaths are due to secondhand smoke (SHS) mainly among women and children. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure among school-going adolescents and highlights the essential determinants in developing successful strategies to prevent adverse health effects in Ethiopia. The analysis is based on a school based cross sectional study where 1673 students with 98.2% of response rate from grade...

Diabetes is a leading risk factor for impaired kidney function, an indicator of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired kidney function among adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Participants were enrolled from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Impaired kidney function was based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Using logistic regression models, we conducted case-control analyses to estimate...

Background: Hospital acquired infections are on the increase worldwide. A possible source for transmission is the presence of microorganisms on mobile phones which are carried by increasing numbers of medical and nursing staff, students, and caregivers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Samples were obtained from medical and nursing staff, students, and caregivers from the paediatric wards (85 beds), and the neonatal unit (40 beds) at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), Durban....

Aim This study investigated whether Nigerian nurses’ emotional exhaustion and active learning were predicted by job demands, control and social support. Background Limited research has been conducted concerning nurses’ work stress in developing countries, such as Nigeria. Accordingly, it is not clear whether work interventions for improving nurses’ well-being in these countries can be based on work stress models that are developed in Western countries, such as the job demand control support...

Vision, an essential part of human existence plays vital roles in the life of an individual and any hindrance to vision resulting in total or partial loss of sight creates difficulties in understanding the world around such an individual. The problem associated with academic performance of students with visual impairment has a number of indicators which have not received adequate attention from researchers in special education. This study therefore, examined the relationship of information...

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact parental divorce has on adolescent students in Senior High Schools in Ghana and whether gender differences exist in the impact as well as the internalizing and externalizing types of behaviours. The participants comprised of adolescent students from four Senior High Schools in Obuasi Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A purposive sample of 396 students consisting of 198 males and 198 females participated in the study. The...

Climate change poses a considerable threat to low-lying coastal towns. Possible risks include flooding induced by sea-level rise, increased discomfort from changes in temperature and precipitation, more frequent extreme events, biodiversity shifts, and water shortages. For coastal towns that attract many tourists, these threats can have far-reaching economic effects and may compromise the continued viability of the tourism sector. A growing number of studies are being published on the...

This study explored the extent of organizational commitment and how this may support or hinder a range of job satisfaction of teachers examined in the Ethiopian primary schools.The research employed correlation design. To this end, one hundred and eighteen 118 (58.1%) teachers were selected from six primary schools using simple random sampling technique and participated in the study. The researchers collected the relevant data from teachers using Spector’s (1997) adopted version of job...

Family planning is known not only as a fundamental intervention for improving the health of women but also as a human right. The aim of this study was to assess the current knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive use among female students in Dilla secondary and preparatory school, Dilla, South Ethiopia, 2014. A cross sectional study was conducted among 288 female students in Dilla secondary and preparatory school, south Ethiopia, June 19- 29/2014. A simple random sampling technique...

An exposure to homophobic attacks may vary by a person's place of residency, and at the university, lesbians may function at their optimal level when receiving social and emotional support from the significant others.The aim of this study was to investigate how lesbian students at the University of Fort Hare, South Africa, deal with discrimination.Twenty-one lesbians, aged between 19 and 37 years old, were selected using snowball technique and they gave their informed consent to participate...

Human mobility has forged the societies in which we live and the historical development of social science. Foundational theory in sociology, anthropology, political science, and philosophy all grapple with the phenomena of movement, social boundaries, inter-group conflicts, solidarity and the ethics of otherness. Despite these predecessors' (i.e., possessive) provenance, migration studies’ immediate progenitors—migration studies defined here as a delimited subject and field of study—are not...

This study examines the state of transition to green economies in Africa. It dissects policy dilemma surrounding fiscal reforms towards green economy. Through empirical and theoretical framework, the study clarifies the ambiguity surrounding the concepts of ‘green growth’ and ‘green economy’, and contextualizes their usage in a manner that addresses Africa’s needs for inclusive growth and sustainable development. Also, a proposed model on the logical complex of fiscal policy reforms on green...

This paper supports the advocacy for a sustainable future and discusses the strategies that could be adopted in order to make Social Studies, an integrated social science subject in the Nigerian school curricula which is saddled with the responsibility of promoting informed citizenry to educate for sustainability. Issues surrounding the prospect of using Social Studies to teach the rudiments of Education for Sustainability are discussed after having examined the strength, weakness,...

Concerns have been raised in the scientific community that many teachers do not accept evolution as a scientific, testable phenomenon, and this is evident in their teaching. The non-acceptance of evolution theory is often heavily influenced by religious groups that endeavour to eliminate evolution from the curriculum. In South Africa, the inclusion of evolution in the curriculum is a recent event. This study focused on teachers’ views of evolution in relation to their religious affiliations....

Background: Motivation is a driver to health worker performance in most Ghanaian hospitals. In view of this, Ghana’s Ministry of Health has rolled out enough motivational policies to accentuate work performance of health workers. Objective: The focus of this study was to examine the impact of motivation and identify how intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors affect the work performance of health workers at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted for...

The global concern for the change in weather and climatic conditions in recent years has resulted in spurious research endeavors, conferences and workshops. However this awareness, preparedness and the enunciation of suggested strategies to adapt to this change tend to be skewed to the elite in societies. The paper attempts to ascertain the following. Are rural people aware of a change in the climatic conditions? What is the mode of diffusion of this awareness? What are the indicators that...

Due to its significant impact on organizations' survival and success, workplace spirituality has gained popularity in both academic and work environments over the last decade.This popularity has been created and maintained because of employees' feeling of hyper stress and anxiety stemming from the very high demands and expectations imposed by their organizations.In reaction to such high targets, employees tend to increase their levels of absenteeism, leave their jobs with less provocation,...

This paper observes critically how to remove the mystery of projects writing, supervision and assessment so as to enhance a functional Social Studies Education in Nigeria.