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Climate change and emerging pests and diseases may negatively affect coffee yields and revenues in Ethiopian regions at low altitudes. Hence, the relocation of coffee farms to regions at higher altitudes has been suggested in order to assure sustainability and resilience for Ethiopian coffee production. In this paper, we study how sunk establishment costs, uncertain net returns and policy-induced incentives may affect the timing and value of a coffee farm relocation. This is done by...

Morocco’s electricity demand is increasing and the country is struggling to improve its energy independence. Also, air quality levels in Morocco are considered moderately unsafe, as its PM2.5 annual mean concentration of 33 μg/m3 exceeds the recommended maximum of 10 μg/m3. Renewable energy could be the solution to reduce the country’s harmful air pollution levels, mitigate climate change and decrease energy dependence. Incorporating external cost of air pollution from electricity generation...

This article is concerned with research on the sociolinguistic reality in Algeria, by studying one of its issues, which is the issue of the arabization of education. And if the linguistic policy is affected and influenced by social life, then planning in arabization has a relationship with social reality. Therefore, our research aimed at studying the relationship between the applied arabization policy and the linguistic requirements of social reality. The most important results reached were...

The world is currently facing disruption of the climate system related to global warming. Climate is a crucial factor in ecosystem assessment. Benin is considered a vulnerable area, particularly its south, which is a coastal zone. The current study evaluated the impact of climate on ecosystems in the Oueme basin. An understanding of indicator difference between 2000 and 2016 was provided. Afterwards, systems to calculate the sensitivity index (S) to accurately identify the extremely...

River sediments have great impact on water and aquatic life quality. Geochemical and mineralogical composition of River Nile sediments (13 samples) were investigated to differentiate between geogenic and anthropogenic sources of harmful elements at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The Sediment Quality Index (SQI) and pollution indices were applied. Mineralogically, sediments composed mainly of Quartz (72.3%) followed by Na-albite, anorthite and montmorillonite. Chemical composition is governed by...

Both developed and developing countries and economies have become increasingly concerned about the level of financial literacy of their citizens. Previous studies indicate that unlike the case in the industrialized world, the issue of financial literacy is a contemporary issue in the developing world, and it is an understudied field in this context. This study was initiated to survey the level of basic financial literacy among high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital. Such a...

The intensification of soil moisture drought events is an expected consequence of anthropogenic global warming. However, the implication of 1.5–3 °C global warming on these events remains unknown over North Africa and the Sahel region, where soil moisture plays a crucial role in food security that largely depends on rainfed agriculture. Here, using a multi-model ensemble from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b, we estimate the changes in the spatiotemporal...

The study examined the teaching effectiveness of teachers trained under the SMASE programme and the moderating effects of teacher and pupil gender, and school location on achievement in, and attitudes towards Mathematics in Oyo State. Causal-comparative design of expo-facto research type was adopted. Proportionate to size sampling was employed to select 10 local government areas in the state. Schools were stratified into urban and rural, and SMASE and non-SMASE schools. Random and purposive...

Little consideration has been given to the impact of COVID-19 on people at risk of psychosis despite their particular preexisting vulnerability. We aimed to examine the role of coping strategies in determining the levels of fear in nonclinical students with high levels of self-reported schizotypal personality traits as compared to low-schizotypy controls.This was a cross-sectional survey. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and The Brief-Coping Orientation...

Rainfed crop production predominates in West Africa. Rice is an important staple food, especially in Senegal. The scope for increase in rice production under irrigated conditions is uncertain. Rainfed rice is therefore a key component for regional food security impelling agronomists to assess climate change impact on rainfed rice yield and to design rainfed rice ideotypes suited to future climate scenarios. The DSSAT CSM-CERES-Rice model was thus calibrated and evaluated on 19 agronomic...

Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate variability and extremes due to its location and low adaptive capacity. It is, therefore, crucial to assess the determinants of various adaptation strategies of rural poor to minimize the effects of climate variability on their livelihood and national economy. The study thus, appraises determinant factors of farmers' adaptation strategies to climate variability in purposely selected from kir and Eliya kebeles in Itang Special district, Ethiopia. Data were...

This study intended to estimate the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and crop water requirement (CWR) under climate change in Upper Wabe Bridge watershed. Precipitation and temperature data were projected using the mean of three Regional Climate Models (RCMs) derived by three General circulation models (GCMs) via Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) Africa of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. PET was computed by using the...

The primary aim of this study was to determine which health care barriers were most important for people with disabilities in Malawi. To accomplish this, we devised a sequential mixed-methods research design that integrated locational survey data and qualitative data from field studies. Our secondary aim was to evaluate this research design not only as a design-solution to our particular research objective, but as a tool with more general applicability within social sciences. Malawi has one...

Background: Scholars in the fields of early childhood education (ECE) and multicultural education have argued that preschools are key sites in which children learn about race and racism. However, there is little research on how teachers negotiate conflicting tensions and enact antiracist approaches within Head Start (HS) classrooms that use comprehensive and commercialized curriculums. Study Purpose: This article is about the challenges early childhood educators face when young children...

In response to the burgeoning building integrated agriculture (BIA) discourse and industry, and assumptions of this land use form as a climate change adaptation strategy, this study considers the impact of rooftop greenhouses (RTGs) on the thermal performance of the built environment in current and future climate conditions. Based on empirical evidence, the study simulates the thermal impact of completely retrofitting an existing building in a Southern African urban context with passively...

Anthropogenic pollution due to inappropriate treatment of agricultural and industrial waste has been posing an ecological threats worldwide. However, an increasing pressure and demand for sustainability in farming, brought about the use of many hazardous chemicals and industrial wastes, such as the use of tannery sludge as an effective organic manure. This study was initiated as a follow up investigation to assess the potential ecological risk; the level of metal pollution in soil and...

To report vigilance attention outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial of early childhood development caregiver training for perinatally HIV-exposed/uninfected preschool-age children in rural Uganda. The Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) provides a webcam recording of proportion of time a child views an animation periodically moving across a computer screen.Sixty mothers/caregivers received biweekly year-long training sessions of the Mediational Intervention for Sensitizing...

SIGNIFICANCE Cycloplegia is often restricted in screening settings. Previous studies have evaluated noncycloplegic refraction for screening, but their data are not fully applicable to school-aged African children. This article adds to the literature by investigating this in school-aged African children. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of noncycloplegic autorefraction (NCA) and noncycloplegic retinoscopy (NCR) to detect refractive errors in school-aged African...

Background and aim Various obesity indices such as BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are associated with the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Given few studies examining the strength of the association in this population, we aimed to identify which obesity indices are most strongly associated with T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among adults from five West African countries. Methods and results Data from 15,520 participants...