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Traditional teaching methods rely on written exercises, books, oral lectures and blackboards as the primary vehicles to spread knowledge. Nevertheless, technological process brought new opportunities to teach and educate, such as using video games that spiced up curiosity and fired reviews amongst many educators and researchers. Research shows that video games have a great potential to improve the learning experience and learning outcomes. These facts among others led to this research.

The Usambara Mountains are a region in Tanzania with a high population density, low soil fertility and high rainfall variability. The persistence of drought occurrence and the influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) driven sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on drought occurrence in the Usambara Mountains was analyzed. A Markov analysis was used to calculate the rainfall probabilities and drought occurrence. The October-December rainfall season showed a higher rainfall variability...

The education system in South Africa finds itself in a dismal position. Existing research reports and general news bulletins suggest that schools in South Africa suffer from a general lack of efficiency measures and therefore underperform in comparison with those in other countries. This paper proposes a class-ranking technique as a means to evaluate schools. The technique implements Pareto optimality principles and utilises a mathematical model that is based on output variables (e.g. pass...

This study explores the effect of drought on cultural tourism by applying the case study approach using the Maasai women’s groups surrounding Tarangire National Park (TNP) in Tanzania. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data from 30 purposefully selected Maasai women and 30 tourists. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings show that drought affects tourism both positively and negatively. Positively, drought forges unity among individuals,...

<p>September 30<sup>th</sup> 2016 was Botswana’s 50th birthday. Botswana, a deeply impoverished country in 1966 was on that day an upper-middle income country in the world rankings. Its education expenditure was one of the highest in the world, at around 9% of the GDP. It was on record to have provided more than 90% of universal and free primary education. Guided by the 1977 and 1994 education policies, the country committed itself to the universal declaration that...

The aim of this study is to derive a large-scale sediment budget analysis for the followingcountries: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin. This estimation is carried out using aconsistent approach based on numerical modelling. In particular, the model chain is basedon: Delft3D-WAVE models (one regional model + 15 nested models) and one UNIBEST-CL+sediment transport and shoreline evolution model, covering the entire study area. Modellingresults are validated by means of shoreline changes...

This chapter explores how a hegemonic model of secular free speech shapes the fraught politics of Israel-Palestine in British universities by offering a case study of a campus debate about the academic boycott of Israel. It is argued that this event realised dominant secular norms of speech, defined in distinction from a pathological religious other, in ways that silenced students’ voices, and so subverted espoused academic values. The chapter concludes by learning from the creative...

Use of community health workers (CHWs) to increase access to diagnosis and treatment of malaria is recommended by the World Health Organization. The present article reports on training and performance of CHWs in applying these recommendations. Two hundred seventy-nine CHWs were trained for 3–5 days in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda, and 19 were certified to diagnose and treat only uncomplicated malaria and 235 to diagnose and treat both uncomplicated and severe malaria. Almost 1 year...

From the colonial period on, elite education in northern Nigeria has been an arena marked by ambivalence over how to combine Islam with “modernity”—a concept with as many different definitions as the protagonists involved in the debate. In postcolonial northern Nigeria, graduates of elite schools often evinced discomfort with their own education. This discomfort was visible in the generation of northern Muslim elites who were trained in colonial schools but whose careers peaked after...

<div><p><em>The national education system has been characterised by inadequate educational management practices and facilities that do not respond well to the challenges faced by Learners with Special Needs (LWSNs). These learners are gradually and deliberately pushed out of the school system because schools are not sensitive to their learning styles and background. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the extent to which inclusive teaching-learning strategies...

This research seeks to investigate why some orphaned children drop out of school in Oshana region, Namibia, despite concerted efforts by the Government Republic of Namibia and other stake holders to keep them at school.The study aimed to identify the indicators preceding AIDS orphaned children dropping out of schools in the Oshana region-Namibia. A cross-sectional study, which adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used to gain a complete picture of the situation of...

The joy of parents, teachers and students lies in high academic achievement attained by students in their national examinations. To the student this marks the beginning of lucrative careers studied at the universities. To the parents, such children are bound to change their socio-economic life once employed while the teachers might be assured of promotions. This study’s purpose was to address the problem of students posting lower test scores in secondary schools compared to their initial...

The chapter explores how education and teachers are conceptualised within policymaking in relation to building social cohesion in South Africa. More specifically, it considers the intended educational goals of social cohesion initiatives, its value in schools in reducing societal conflict, and its objective to foster enduring forms of social justice and peace in everyday life. On the one hand, teachers play key roles in influencing the personal identities of learners, as well as the...

An Italian anthropologist Carlo Conti-Rossini called Ethiopia un museo di populi- a museum of peoples. It is to describe the ethnic, linguistic and cultural heterogeneity of the peoples living within the confines of Ethiopia’s borders. Even though, being multiethnic nation has its own advantage, the existing multiethnic and multilingual situation of Ethiopia has become a challenge to its education system. Mainly social studies, specifically history education become the first victim in this...