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State actors assume that central policies and interventions can penetrate the classroom to effectively change teaching practices (an open-systems framework). Empirical research in the West, however, has illuminated how inventive school actors can often buffer policy makers' attempts to modify pedagogical scripts and routines followed by teachers (an institutional framework). This paper steps outside of Europe and the U.S.A. to first examine how much “natural variation” exists in teaching...
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Like most developing countries faced with economic crisis the Nigerian Government has been implementing a structural adjustment programme (SAP) since 1986 as a strategy for economic recovery. Both food and non food prices have risen and there has been a drastic fall in real income, especially of the poor. Data were collected using a pre‐tested standard questionnaire which was administered on sixty students who were randomly selected and who had gained admission into the University before...
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This article is an articulation of the rationale employed in designing the regulations for the Bachelor of Education in Teacher Education, Practical Subjects: Music Option. The degree is on offer for the first time at the University of Zimbabwe during 1994 and 1995. This is a two year programme with the stated aim of preparing lecturers to become effective and efficient in their area of professional specialisation. The programme is comprised of 10 courses, three of which are in general...
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Abstract An AIDS education programme was developed and evaluated in a high school in a socio-economically disadvantaged, urban, African area in South Africa. The programme, which addressed the whole school community, aimed to raise awareness about AIDS using a variety of educational methods and operating through a number of channels. Students and teachers were actively involved in its design and implementation. Students' knowledge of and attitudes towards AIDS prevention were investigated...
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The rapid expansion in diamond production in Botswana during the 1980s places the country into that category of economies where the growth of other sectors can be examined only with reference to the direct and indirect impact of the ‘booming sector’. Parallels with the impact of North Sea gas exploitation on non‐gas sectors of the Dutch economy in the 1970s, which came to be known as ‘Dutch disease’, are evident. It is shown that, principally through exchange rate movements, the exceptional...
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Abstract Training African American student leaders as peer educator-mentors to reach African American students in the traditional workshop setting as well as in informal, one-to-one occasions is an effective method of managing students' risks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The Ujima project, developed and implemented by Syracuse University Health Services, trained educator-mentors to provide first-year African American students with correct information about HIV risk...
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Studies were undertaken in four counties in North Carolina to determine if the learning styles of African American children described by J. Hale (formerly Hale-Benson) (1986) could be identified among African American high school males through the use of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Learning style differences between minority (n=184) and majority (norm group of predominantly white students) youth were studied, and learning styles of the same male high school students were compared...
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Biological factors combine with socially and economically influenced behaviors to result in one person infecting another with HIV. These biological factors include the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases the presence of cervical ectopy or vaginal trauma and the lack of circumcision. Core group members keep the epidemic alive. Interventions aiming to reduce the level of behaviors which may put a person at risk for contracting or transmitting HIV have had only limited effects...
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In this article the author examines the role and relevance of career counselling in schools, as an aspect of the school psychological services. In particular, the psycho-social aspects of career counselling are studied against the background of education for democracy in a changing South African society. A major argument advanced in that the training programmes of school career counsellors should be made more relevant to the specific social and educational needs of disadvantaged pupils. This...
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Abstract An AIDS survey based on WHO's KABP survey instrument for adolescents was implemented with sixth and seventh grade students attending one of 18 randomly selected primary schools in the Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions of Northern Tanzania (n = 2,026). While students reported having been exposed to several sources of AIDS information, overall knowledge level was low, particularly with respect to risk associated with causal contact, and the fact that a person can be infected and show no...
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To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviour with respect to HIV and AIDS among Kenyan secondary school students, a questionnaire was issued to 3,018 students of mean age 16.3 years in 11 Kenyan schools. Questions of knowledge were answered correctly by an average of 77.1% of students. Areas where students' knowledge was less complete included the inability of mosquitoes to transmit the virus, the protective effect of condoms, the lack of protection from medications, the fatal...
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A select group of African American and other educators continue to develop literature on African American social welfare. As this literature increases and is subjected to scholarly exchange and debate, educators are beginning to raise questions about effective teaching strategies for integrating the content into the curriculum and effectively delivering the content through classroom lectures and discussions. In addition to concerns about the content being "heard", black educators are...
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The continuing education program in Tanzania aims, as part of primary health care (PHC) training, to provide leadership in planning, implementing, and monitoring PHC training; and to implement PHC educational activities. The program was initiated in 1981 under the Ministry of Health with support from the African Medical and Research Foundation. Pilot projects were begun in the Arusha region until funding ceased in 1986. In 1988, the Danish International Development Authority funded the...