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Abstract This chapter briefly reviews some of the transatlantic resources that may inform African American vernacular practices and interact with conventional literacy. It also lays groundwork for several case studies in later chapters. Resources, as I use the term, include African writing and graphic systems, individual signs and sign complexes (see chapter 4), remnants of Arabic literacy and Muslim magic, functions and contexts of use and learning, and ideologies of inscription. Assessing...

The percentage of skeletal remains that can be sexed depends on the degree of completeness of the skeleton, the parameters that are used and the type of statistical analysis that is done. The objective of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the demarking point in sexing the femur of South African whites and blacks. One hundred pairs of femurs were randomly selected from the bone collections of each of the two racial groups. The bones were sexed by measuring the head diameters and...

The benefit of β-blocker therapy in patients after myocardial infarction is well established. The use of β blockers in the high-risk subgroup of patients with combined diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. From a database of 14,417 patients with chronic CAD who had been screened for participation in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study, 2,723 (19%) had non-insulin-dependent DM. Baseline characteristics and 3-year mortality were analyzed...

This research investigated the past relationship between the formal education and nonformal educational systems in Palestine as a basis for considering what form the relationship may take in the future. The study was based on the initial understanding that within the field of study and practice of continuing education, non-formal education has been conceptualised as having a particular role to play in producing a more equitable society. The study was undertaken at a significant...

The response of 25 strains of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) to drought stress was assessed in a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. Four‐ week old plants of all the lines were subjected to 0 or 2 cycles of drought (twice wilting and rewatering). The drought stress caused a significant reduction in shoot fresh and dry masses in all lines. However, five strains, C90–1191, C90–1203, C90–1210, 77–1271 and P48–3 were superior to the remaining lines in production of shoot fresh and...

The response of 25 strains of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) to drought stress was assessed in a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. Four‐ week old plants of all the lines were subjected to 0 or 2 cycles of drought (twice wilting and rewatering). The drought stress caused a significant reduction in shoot fresh and dry masses in all lines. However, five strains, C90–1191, C90–1203, C90–1210, 77–1271 and P48–3 were superior to the remaining lines in production of shoot fresh and...

Tanzania is well placed to offer tourists a unique experience centred on wildlife, unique landforms and a rich culture centred on the island of Zanzibar. This potential is recognised by the current Tanzanian government which is actively encouraging tourism development. Some of the responsibility for maintaining the balance between conservation of the nation's natural assets and profit must fall, ultimately, on the educators of future hospitality and tourism managers. After reviewing tourism...

Although the conventional image of the colonial medical encounter in Africa depicts a white, male, European doctor treating a black African patient, most of the actual deliverers of Western medicine in Africa during the colonial period were non-Europeans. In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, British doctors formed only a small minority of Western medical practitioners. Most often, it was Syrian, Egyptian and Sudanese doctors, and Sudanese assistant medical officers, mosquito men, nurses, sanitary...

What follows is a discourse of coherence: first through an epistemic triangle conjoining three epistemological traditions of systems thinking, dialectical thinking and constructivist thinking; and, second, in a praxeological triangle that unites planning, implementation and evaluation in one single act of reflective action with purpose. Working from within these two mutually embedded triangles of coherence, a discourse on the Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) initiative of South...

This study examined condom use during oral and anal sex among 1,593 African American male and female college undergraduates. Findings suggest a high level of concordance between men and women on several measures. However, female participants were more likely to use condoms during oral and anal sex than were male participants.

Mathematical models can be used to predict the impact of interventions to control infectious diseases. In this paper, an epidemiological model is used to predict the impact of chemotherapy of school-age children infected with Schistosoma haematobium, in a programme conducted by the Ghana Partnership for Child Development in the Volta Region, Ghana. Existing data were used to validate the predictions of the model, demonstrating convincingly the ability of the model to make correct...

This article is concerned with language use in mathematics lessons in settings where the language of instruction is a second language for all or most of the learners. Four lessons taken from primary schools in Montreal and in Zimbabwe are compared, illustrating ways in which teachers in each setting couple development of the target second language with teaching of subject content. By doing so, we believe that instruction is effective in helping children to make the shift from the primary...

Although prior research has found that African American children tend to receive special education services at a disproportionately higher rate than their Caucasian counterparts (Artiles & Trent, 1994; U.S. Department of Education, 1992), they tend to be underrepresented as adults in the state/federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) system when compared to Caucasians (Atkins & Wright, 1980; Dunham, Koller, & McIntosh, 1996b; Robertson, 1985). This is puzzling because African Americans tend to...

The intuitive beliefs about a number of well‐known physical events were investigated in a longitudinal and cross‐cultural study involving 2326 pupils in schools in the Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa and the then Republic of Transkei using a multiple‐choice questionnaire designed for the purpose. One of the findings of the study is that the context of the question has a clear effect on the frequency with which different options are selected in physically similar situations....

A five-year prospective study designed to obtain information on the demographic characteristics, risk factors and complications of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in sixty six Ethiopians is reported. There were 44 females and 22 males with a female to male ratio of 2:1. Their age ranged between 13 and 80 (mean = 34 +/- 12.8) years. Fifty one subjects (77%) were below the age of 41 years. Sixty three cases (95%) presented with lower and three with upper limb DVT. In 26 females (40%) pregnancy...

As part of a cross‐sectional study among 156 primary school children (median age 13 years, range 10–18) in Western Kenya, geophagy was assessed through interviews. 114 (73.1%) of these children reported eating soil daily. Haemoglobin levels were determined in all 156 children and serum ferritin concentrations in 135. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was 12.7 g/dl, and median ferritin concentration 27.2 μg/l. Both the proportion of anaemic (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) and of iron‐depleted...

What little attention donor-sponsored research on gender and education in Zimbabwe has paid to how schools educate children to assume gender roles has focused on the effect of girls, but it is equally important for development purposes to deconstruct masculinity and the ability of Western stereotypes to foster patriarchy. In Zimbabwe, the school curriculum continues to be gender-differentiated and, when offered a choice, girls and boys choose subjects that fall within the traditional...