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This paper explores the international experience in respect of school-leaving examinations and selection for higher education. It briefly states some theories of selection for equity in societies with severe structural inequalities, why and when formal selection is done. It then advances an argument to explain the dual functions of selection in education. International trends in selection for higher education are analysed, also school-leaving examinations and university access in South...
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Four school-based interventions for aggressive African-American boys were reviewed. The interventions were respectively designed to (a) alter biased attributions to hostile intent, (b) develop more adaptive social problem solving skills, (c) enhance peer relations through pair therapy, and (d) improve self-esteem and academic achievement with instruction in all male classrooms. The strengths and limitations of each intervention were evaluated. The article concludes with recommendations for...
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ABSTRACT Although the way in which local communities in The Gambia identify drought has remained predominantly traditional, their response to the hazard has undergone significant change over the past three decades. Some of the changes, even if short‐lived, have been beneficial, and have reduced the severity and duration of the hardships and penury which can accompany droughts in this part of the world. Nevertheless, other changes in the local response system, coupled with wider social,...
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112 college students in America and 180 Muslim Yoruban students in Nigeria obtained similar scores on the Beck Depression Inventory. Although they differed in their response to seven of the 21 items, no clear general pattern of differences emerged
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South African science education is in a state of flux as the new government embarks on a process of renewal and redress in education policy. Existing curricula reflect priorities that are not relevant to new needs, patterns of participation testify to systematic neglect of the science education of the mass of the population under apartheid. The paper argues that the first step in developing new policy is to understand the links between science and technology based development strategies and...
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It is important to develop community orientated approaches to health promotion. Malawi has one of the highest rates of AIDS/HIV infection and one of the lowest percentages of students in tertiary education, in the world. We surveyed the opinions of 175 undergraduate university students on developing prevention and education regarding HIV/AIDS. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and factor analysis revealed several important findings: there were no consequential differences between...
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The purpose of this study is to trace the morbidity pattern and disease prevalence among University of Zimbabwe students between 1990 and 1992 using attendance information from the Students' Health Centre. The main data sources for the study are interviews with the Sister-in-charge, clinic reports and a questionnaire administered to 200 students who visited the clinic during the period of study. The results show a high incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, injuries (111 pc to 258...
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To describe a unique international effort to develop a training program in West Africa that would be of similar quality to any other in the world (but with sensitivity to cross-cultural needs) and would retain physicians in West Africa to improve women's health in that part of the world.Step-by-step formulation of a program included initial trainee recruitment, the inclusion of foreign guest faculty, and the establishment of institutional libraries. This was followed by a phase of curriculum...
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The motivation for this research arose from the startling statistic that only 51-62% of African enrolments in the first year of schooling will reach Std 6, many of whom take up to 12 years to reach this standard. The aim of the research was to investigate why survival and retention rates are so low, where the concentration of dropout and repeaters are in the first four years of primary school, and how 'quality' and 'efficiency' can be improved to create greater retention and survival in the...
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While drought is not uncommon in Zambia, the country is now facing the worst drought in history. The monetary and social costs will be enormous. Although it is too early to measure the economic and social costs of the drought on Zambia, it is obvious that the impact is catastrophic on a country whose economy is under pressure. The drought will affect the structural adjustment programme (SAP) unveiled by the new government which has embraced the market economy. The country has imported, and...
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A two-year prospective study of neonatal deaths at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital is presented. There were 55 deaths among 1081 inborn live deliveries (50.88/1000). Low birthweight babies accounted for 60% of deaths. There were 49 (45.33/1000) perinatal deaths, 61% of which occurred within 24 hours. The mortality rate of term small-for-gestational age neonates was higher than that of their appropriate-for-gestational age counterparts (chi 2 = 4.55, P < 0.05). The mortality rate for...
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This study presents a summary of the major research findings on the factors that constrain girls' schooling in sub-Saharan Africa. The factors are discussed under three categories: 1) sociocultural and socioeconomic factors; 2) factors related to the school environment; and 3) political and institutional factors. To help bridge the gap between the increasingly rich and detailed analyses of the problems of female education in the region and the dearth of actions to address them, the study...
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To evaluate the suitability of the senior primary mathematics curriculum in Transkei, South Africa in enabling Standard 3 (Grade 5) and Standard 4 (Grade 6) pupils to achieve competency in mathematics, an overview of teaching techniques was obtained using participant observation and class teaching exercises. Analysis showed that teachers relied largely on closed-type teaching techniques and heavily on textbooks, while direct classroom observation indicated teachers' lack of ability to...