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The study measured the prevalence of eye diseases in primary school children between 7 and 19 years of age in a rural area of Tanzania, and investigated whether teachers could successfully provide the first component of a school eye screening service.Teachers from each of three primary schools in Mwanza Region tested visual acuity using a Snellen's E chart in 1438 pupils. 1386 of these pupils were then interviewed and underwent a full eye examination by an eye team.10 pupils (0.7%) had...
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The aim of the study is to investigniefi2ctors affecting condom use among junior Secondary School pupi1s in South Africa. The sample included 446 Grade 10 Secondary school pupils, 200 (44.896) ma1e and 246 (55.2%),females within the age range of I0 to 30 years (M age 16.6 years, SD = 2.5) from three rural schools in one region of the Northern Province in South Africa. Main outcomes measures included sexual activity and condom use (12 items), source of “condom” information (12 items),...
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Abstract The basic question is what governments in sub‐Saharan Africa can learn from researched experience in other parts of the world so as to break the present deadlock. If ever the political urge to seriously reduce the plights of the population (ill health, undernutrition, illiteracy, excess mortality) is to come forth in the sub‐Saharan African countries, there are two main (not mutually excluding) policy routes ahead. One is a reallocation of existing resources to these ends, while...
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A cross-sectional study was done from March to May 1997 in four selected slum kebeles (villages) of Addis Ababa in which nutritional status of 758 children aged 6 to 36 months was examined and stratified into malnourished and well nourished groups. Analysis of hygiene and health seeking practices of randomly selected households of the two sets of children determined practices that significantly exacerbate childhood malnutrition. The rates of immunization for the malnourished (80.2%) and well...
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This investigation established the variables on which students with different sociocultural backgrounds, receiving lectures from same teachers differ in their evaluation of these teachers. An evaluation questionnaire that required the students to evaluate teachers' knowledge of subject matter, rapport with students, appropriateness of teaching strategies, ability to prepare, organise, teach and assess students was constructed and validated. Nine-hundredand-twenty-seven students of anglophone...
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The higher education sector in South Africa is experiencing an existential crisis. For all of its diverse elements and activities and values as a system, its historic mission and the role that it plays in society were defined for it in the previous era - this not withstanding the progressive roles played by some of the . However, it is an existential crisis which stems only partially from its history in our Apartheid past. Its intellectual and organisational shape stems also from its place...
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The higher education sector in South Africa is experiencing an existential crisis. For all of its diverse elements and activities and values as a system, its historic mission and the role that it plays in society were defined for it in the previous era - this not withstanding the progressive roles played by some of the . However, it is an existential crisis which stems only partially from its history in our Apartheid past. Its intellectual and organisational shape stems also from its place...
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Ethiopia has a population of 56 million and an area of 1,110,000 km2. Ethiopia is one of the poorest nations in the world, and its health services system reflects that poverty. Accidental injury, violence, infectious diseases, and natural and manmade disasters abound, yet emergency medicine is practically nonexistent. Poorly equipped and staff emergency “rooms” supply substandard service even in the capital. Significant work and planning are under way by a group of high-quality and dedicated...
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The health of 227 children enrolled at primary school was compared with that of 214 non enrolled children living in rural Tanga, Tanzania. No consistent difference was observed with respect to prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection (hookworm, T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides, S. haematobium and P. falciparum). Since enrolled children were as commonly and as heavily infected as non enrolled children, treatment of enrolled children would be effective in reducing transmission throughout...
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Among the most pressing questions facing manufacturing firms in Sub-Saharan Africa is how to raise productivity. Market liberalization and the move away from inward-looking trade policies has forced African firms to compete head-on with stronger, more experienced rivals both at home and abroad. In order for them to survive and take advantage of the new opportunities created by economic reforms, African firms must find ways to raise their technical capabilities. The study, training,...
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This article reports on a study of career influences for a sample of African-American and other black graduates of MSW programs. The study isolated significant relationships between enrollment influences and selected demographic and career-related variables. ”Very important“ influences were career advancement, acquisition of new skills, professional status and credibility, and understanding professionalism in social work. Desire for professional development in social work was the dominant...
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In this article, I discuss the Cross-Aged Literacy Program as a mediational agent to assist adolescents who struggle with reading, writing, and schooling. Grounded within mediation theory, procedures and activities enabled ninth grade students to take the responsibility for the learning of younger children and thus themselves. Mediational strategies and activities were interwoven in the two major components of the program the preparation seminar and the cross-aged literary discussion groups....