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Abstract This article explores the issue of whether lists of characteristics constituting the effective school are universally valid. It argues that the effectiveness or otherwise of schools must be understood contextually as there are significant differences between both the material and ideological contexts of schooling. The article uses the example of South Africa to demonstrate the difficulties in judging schools in one context using criteria developed in another. Three examples of...
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This article describes the governmental and research culture contexts for educational research in Botswana. Research is seen to play an important role in the development of educational policies for the country. The limited resources that can be devoted to research endeavors in a small, developing country like this, however, affect the implementation of such policies. This point is developed in several examples regarding special education and other services for children and adults with disabilities in Botswana.
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There is evidence of growing disparities in primary schooling rates between urban and rural areas in Tanzania. This paper presents empirical estimates for the determinants of primary school attendance in Tanzania for the early 1990s, and provides a comparison of attendance rates between the urban and rural areas for a number of different age groups. All the estimated models provide adequate fits to the data and many of the estimated coefficients are consistent with prior expectations. A...
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A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and relative frequencies of congenital heart diseases diagnosed by echocardiography among school children in Alexandria, Egypt. The study was conducted during a 1-year period (1 May 1995-1 May 1996) at the Students' Health Insurance Hospital, which is a referral center for all health insurance units, providing an echocardiography service. The prevalence of congenital heart diseases (CHD) among school children accounted for 1.01/1,000. There...
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This article describes the impact of informal networks on managerial effectiveness in general and, more specifically, for that of African‐American managers. Previous research has demonstrated that network characteristics conducive to increased performance for African‐Americans differed significantly from those of white managers (e.g. Ibarra, 1995). These results are further validated in this study through the use of a different performance measure. Networking characteristics and...
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This paper reports on a study of the communications strategies used in the writing of answers in biology by ESL first year BSc students of the University of Botswana. The researcher examines the four macro-strategies used by the subjects: risk taking, risk avoidance, L2-based strategies and semantic simplification. The results showed that while many ESL students preferred to use L2-based strategies such as circumlocution, generalisation and paraphrase, these strategies did not help the...
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Following independence, the Namibian government saw primary education reform as a principal means of investing in human capital to promote socioeconomic development. This paper analyzes the efforts made during the first five years of the reform program. While emphasis on structural change, learner-centered education, and universality provided strong foundations for a democratic educational system, a difficult medium of instruction policy and insufficient attention to gender equity delayed a...
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Journal of Medical PrimatologyVolume 29, Issue 6 p. 431-432 Swedish and Kenyan medical and veterinary students accept nonhuman primate use in medical research Joakim Hagelin, Joakim Hagelin Department of Physiology, Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Uppsala, BMC, Box 572, SE-751 23 Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorHans-Erik Carlsson, Hans-Erik Carlsson Department of Physiology, Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Uppsala, BMC, Box 572, SE-751 23...
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This study extends previous research by examining the role of communalism, family cohesion, and family support in suicide ideation and depression in African American college students. Participants were 188 African American introductory psychology students (126 female, 61 male) from a historically black college. 1 Results showed that communalism, family cohesion, and family support were positively associated with each other. Higher levels of family cohesion and family support were associated...
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are important co-factors in HIV transmission. We studied the impact of health worker training and STD syndrome packets (containing recommended drugs, condoms, partner notification cards and information leaflets) on the quality of STD case management in primary care clinics in rural South Africa.A randomized controlled trial of five matched pairs of clinics compared the intervention with routine syndromic management. Outcomes were measured by simulated...
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The problem of teachers being hired but not teaching because of government action or inaction is a serious one in South Africa. This paper describes the problem and explores two aspects of it: non-enforcement of employment contracts with teachers and shortages of certain subject teachers caused by inflexibility in the remuneration structure of teachers. Non-enforcement has become a severe problem because a situation has developed in many schools, mainly black ones, where teachers are able to...
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Abstract : Earth Search, Inc., was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (NODCOE), to conduct Phase I cultural resources survey within the proposed West Bank Vicinity of New Orleans, Louisiana, Hurricane Protection Project area. Fieldwork was conducted between September 14, 1999, and September 23, 1999. One hundred and forty-four bucket auger tests were excavated along 51 pedestrian transects during field investigations within the approximately 22-acre project...