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Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most common gynecologic compliant among adolescent females. There is a wide variation in the estimate of PD, which ranges from 50% to 90%, and the disorder is the most common cause of work and school absenteeism in adolescent females. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of PD among female university students and understand its effects on students’ academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed in...

Water pollution by organic materials or metals is one of the problems that threaten humanity, both nowadays and over the next decades. Morphological changes in Nile Tilapia “Oreochromis niloticus” fish liver and gills can also represent the adaptation strategies to maintain some physiological functions or to assess acute and chronic exposure to chemicals found in water and sediments. This paper presents an automatic system for assessing water quality, in Sharkia Governorate – Egypt, based on...

This study investigated the cognition of 70 Tunisian teachers on the place of culture in English education. It showed that Tunisian teachers believe that English textbooks and curricular documents are not specific about the cultural dimension of EFL. It also revealed that L2 teachers, whose mother culture is distant from that associated with L2, hold ambivalent attitudes towards culture. They acknowledge the importance of culture to communicative competence and intercultural competence, but...

While many disabilities are observable, and thus are generally accepted by employers as requiring accommodation on the job (eg in the form of assistive technology, duty modifications and medical devices), psychosocial disability is not obvious. In fact, it is sometimes referred to as ‘the invisible disability’.11 H Kranz ‘Calling in Depressed: A Look at the Limitations of Mental Illness in the Workplace’ (2012)...

One of the most significant current discussions in the education arena is the provision of quality education.Education in Kenya is considered as basic tools for sighting poverty and ignorance, that is why it is considered as a basic right and basic need for every child to get education.The study focus on the following factors such as school-level factors with specific focus on; teacher qualification, socio-economic factors and community involvement to improve quality of education.Nomadic...

<h3>Background</h3> Acute illness and injury are major causes of child morbidity and mortality. Young children are prone to injury, and schools in developing countries are often not optimally child-proofed. In Nigeria, primary schoolteachers supervise students in an often injury-prone environment, with poor access to emergency services. First Aid (FA) can make a significant difference in outcome for a young child injured at school. This study was conducted to assess FA knowledge and skills...

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of inputs on the outcomes of educational attainment.The specific objectives of the study are; to determine the influence of FDSE subsidy on enrolment, to establish the influence of FDSE subsidy on retention, to assess the influence of FDSE subsidy on transition and to determine the influence of FDSE subsidy on equity.The study adopted a mixed method design.The target population included education officials and principals of high...

:  Drought and famine in Sub-Saharan Africa is among the leading contributory causes of vulnerability in pastoral communities. This paper discusses approaches that allow understanding of pastoral indigenous adaptive strategies to drought and famine. It is argued that understanding pastoral livelihood strategies requires a holistic approach. The paper focused on three key approaches namely: sustainable livelihood theory, the symbolic interaction theory and adjustments and the social exchange...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Farmer Field Schools (FFSs) on cocoa yield in the Centre and South-west regions in Cameroon. The evaluation of FFSs is important for improving cocoa production by agricultural research and extension. This evaluation is done by using the “Propensity Score Matching” technique and Rosenbaum bounds sensitivity analysis method to ensure robustness of results. The data comes from IITA surveys conducted in 2009 and concerned 201 cocoa farmers...

Since time immemorial, persons with disabilities have been victims of systemic discrimination and South Africa is no exception. In addressing the problem, the South African government adopted the 1...

Since time immemorial, persons with disabilities have been victims of systemic discrimination and South Africa is no exception. In addressing the problem, the South African government adopted the 1...

Climate change will affect the livelihoods of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid lands. We use new data from Samburu District, northern Kenya, to explore whether migration of household members affects adoption of adaptive measures. Specifically, we seek to test whether migra-tion and adaptation are complementary mechanisms to protect the household against adverse shocks, or whether they are substitutes. Do remittances relax capital market constraints and facilitate the uptake of adaptive...

Students' poor performance in national examination remains a major concern worldwide and Kenya in particular. Teachers, students, parents, curriculum developers and the public have tended to blame one another for the poor performance in Mathematics at secondary school level. In an attempt to respond to this problem, the Kenyan Mathematics scholars have carried out many studies in Mathematics education. Despite these studies, students' performance remained poor. This means that the main...

Students' poor performance in national examination remains a major concern worldwide and Kenya in particular. In an attempt to respond to this problem, the Kenyan Mathematics scholars have carried out many studies in Mathematics education. Despite these studies, students' performance remained poor. This means that the main reason for this poor performance had not been established. This study aimed at determining the qualification of the teachers and student’s motivation as factors...

Students' poor performance in national examination remains a major concern worldwide and Kenya in particular. In an attempt to respond to this problem, the Kenyan Mathematics scholars have carried out many studies in Mathematics education. Despite these studies, students' performance remained poor. This means that the main reason for this poor performance had not been established. This study aimed at determining the qualification of the teachers and student’s motivation as factors...

Students' poor performance in national examination remains a major concern worldwide and Kenya in particular. In an attempt to respond to this problem, the Kenyan Mathematics scholars have carried out many studies in Mathematics education. Despite these studies, students' performance remained poor. This means that the main reason for this poor performance had not been established. This study aimed at determining the qualification of the teachers and student’s motivation as factors...

Our primary aim was to evaluate the impact of US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded bioethics training programmes (Fogarty bioethics training programmes, FBTPs) that trained individuals from Africa over the programme's first 10 years to examine changes between pretraining and post-training in individual achievement and to document any associations between individual, training programme and post-training accomplishments.We surveyed trainees from the 10 bioethics programmes funded by...