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Abstract Many studies have attempted to determine the relationship between education and HIV status. However, a complete and causal understanding of this relationship requires analysis of its mediating pathways, focusing on sexual behaviors. We developed a series of hypotheses based on the differential effect of educational attainment on three sexual behaviors. We tested our predictions in a systematic literature review including 65 articles reporting associations between three specific...
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This study seeks to evaluate the extent of the knowledge of sexuality education among in-school adolescents as well as ascertain the sources of their knowledge. It also seeks to establish the relationship between knowledge of sexuality issues and sexual behavior. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, the study obtained data from 1350 adolescents in State–owned senior secondary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria. Findings from the study show that majority of the adolescents had, at one time or...
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This book critically examines quality and quality assurance in the Ethiopian higher education context. More specifically, the main research problem that guided the study was: ‘how and under what circumstances do the public Universities in Ethiopia assure quality of their education, and what contextual factors influence their current quality assurance practices?’ Ethiopia is considered an interesting case based on the ground that it is one of the sub-Saharan African countries in which the...
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Abstract Extreme Late Quaternary climatic events, sometimes of considerable continental extent, are being proposed as major contributors to ancestral human behaviour, particularly migration, in Africa. Most recently, a catastrophic drought in the Afro‐Asian monsoon region has been proposed for 16 000–17 000 years ago, driven by global impacts of the Heinrich event 1 (H1), with potentially significant consequences for Palaeolithic cultures. We provide a new analysis of the assertion and find,...
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Abstract. This paper represents a perspective on the education and training needs related to hydrology and water resources science within the sub-Saharan Africa region and discusses the requirements of the region, some of the relatively recent developments and initiatives and some of the constraints that exist and remain difficult to surmount. The requirements include the development of academic research capacity and technical skill for both the private and public sector at a variety of...
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Poor handwriting can have a myriad of negative effects on a learner’s academic performance and emotional well-being. Appropriate assessment and early remediation of handwriting difficulties are of paramount importance in minimising these effects. This study explored, by means of a telephonic survey, the assessment practices used by South African occupational therapists in the remediation of handwriting difficulties in Foundation Phase learners. The findings show that a wide variety of...
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University examinations form the final and most integral part of assessing any student’s acheivement, knowledge, skills, and attitudes. However, there has been a public outcry over the rise of irreqularities in primary, secondary, and even university examinations. The purpose of this research was to investigete the student factors which influenc cheating in the undergraduate university examinations. The study design was a descriptive suvey. A sample of fifty students and ten lecturers was...
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Adaptation of agriculture to climate change requires urgent improvement of our understanding of climate impacts on crop yields, particularly in tropical regions where climate directly threatens food security. However past studies report large uncertainties because of inconsistency between climate scenarios and limited representation of the prevailing cereal production systems. More than six years of trials and surveys in Africa enabled the design of SARRA-H, a process-based crop model able...
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Pastoralist communities living in Kenya have been severely affected by the deteriorating food security just like all the pastoralists in the horn of Africa region. The 2010/2011 Deyr and Gurains failed or performed poorly. The quality and quantity of pastu
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To continue the Phase 1 project, and besides the previous project contents, there are also several items in Phase 2 project: 1. Target households have an increased asset base through immediate short-term employment and improved community and economic infr
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The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of Libyan schools' principals of their schools as a Learning Organization.(36) schools principals responded to (59-items) questionnaire at 2009 spring.The results revealed that principals' perceptions of their schools as Learning Organizations were moderately to all questionnaire dimensions, except (Team Learning) which was low.There were statistical significant differences (α = 0.05) in principals' perceptions that could be attributed...
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Objective. To determine the prevalence of hypertension in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa and to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) and body composition of these children. Methods. Data were collected by means of a stratified random sampling procedure from 816 Grade 1 learners (419 boys, 397 girls) with a mean age of 6.78±0.49 years (mean±SD), in the NWCHILD-study. Height, weight, skinfolds (subscapular, triceps, calf) and waist circumference...
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Objectives. To highlight the pattern of vigorous physical activity among freshmen university students and to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors, perceived barriers, support factors, sedentary behaviours and body mass index. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Mansoura University students at the beginning of the academic year 2008 - 2009. A total of 500 freshmen students were selected by systematic random sample. Participants responded to the short form of...