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It is now accepted that climate change is having and will continue to have a direct or an indirect impact on human health and in most cases, it will be negative. In this review the links between climate and climate sensitive diseases is established. The review goes further to examine what it will take for health research institutions to address adaptation to climate change, while reducing institutional vulnerability and improving their response to climate change. Evidence has emerged that...
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Kenya has been impacted by the effects of climate change that include epidemics, geographic range expansion of climate-sensitive diseases, droughts and floods. These diseases cause a high health burden. The public health system has put in place intervention measures. Malaria control relies on insecticides and drugs. Rift Valley Fever is managed by vaccinating livestock while dengue and chikungunya are managed using insecticides and larval source management. Victims of drought and floods...
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The historical records for Africa show warming of approximately 0.7°C over most of the continent during the twentieth century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its Third Assessment Report (2001) recorded that global warming of 1.4 to 5.8°C can be expected over the coming century. Malaria is the most climate sensitive vector-borne disease, affecting most of the African population. Both global warming and increased climate variability can increase malaria transmission....
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Climate change is expected to lead to latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases. High-elevation regions such as the highlands of Africa and those that have temperate climate are most likely to be affected. The highlands of Africa generally exhibit low ambient temperatures. This restricts the distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes, the vectors of malaria, filariasis, and O'nyong'nyong fever. The development and survival of larval and adult mosquitoes are temperature dependent, as are...
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Following severe malaria epidemics in the western Kenya highlands after the late 1980s it became imperative to undertake eco-epidemiological assessments of the disease and determine its drivers, spatial–temporal distribution and control strategies. Extensive research has indicated that the major biophysical drivers of the disease are climate change and variability, terrain, topography, hydrology and immunity. Vector distribution is focalized at valley bottoms and abundance is closely related...
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Vector-borne diseases are among the diseases that have been linked with climate change (IPCC. 2001). Malaria is probably the deadliest climate sensitive vector-borne disease (Githeko et al. 2000). About 90% of the 300-500 million cases of the reported malaria cases worldwide come from Africa. In the late 80s to the 90s, malaria epidemics occurred frequently in western Kenya highlands, often taking the population by surprise. The epidemics were caused by Plasmodium falciparum and transmitted...
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Climate Change 2007 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the impacts of climate change, the vulnerability of natural and human environments, and the potential for response through adaptation. The report: • evaluates evidence that recent observed changes in climate have already affected a variety of physical and biological systems and concludes that these effects can be attributed to global warming; • makes a detailed...